C Dynamic Memory Allocation
C Dynamic Memory Allocation
malloc() Allocates requested size of bytes and returns a pointer first byte of allocated space
Allocates space for an array elements, initializes to zero and then returns a pointer to
calloc()
memory
malloc()
The name malloc stands for "memory allocation". The
function malloc() reserves a block of memory of specified size and
return a pointer of type void which can be casted into pointer of
any form.
Syntax of malloc()
ptr=(cast-type*)malloc(byte-size)
Here, ptr is pointer of cast-type. The malloc() function returns a
pointer to an area of memory with size of byte size. If the space is
insufficient, allocation fails and returns NULL pointer.
ptr=(int*)malloc(100*sizeof(int));
calloc()
The name calloc stands for "contiguous allocation". The only
difference between malloc() and calloc() is that, malloc() allocates
single block of memory whereas calloc() allocates multiple blocks
of memory each of same size and sets all bytes to zero.
Syntax of calloc()
ptr=(cast-type*)calloc(n,element-size);
ptr=(float*)calloc(25,sizeof(float));
free()
Dynamically allocated memory with either calloc() or malloc()
does not get return on its own. The programmer must use free()
explicitly to release space.
syntax of free()
free(ptr);
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(){
int n,i,*ptr,sum=0;
scanf("%d",&n);
if(ptr==NULL)
exit(0);
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{
scanf("%d",ptr+i);
sum+=*(ptr+i);
printf("Sum=%d",sum);
free(ptr);
return 0;
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(){
int n,i,*ptr,sum=0;
scanf("%d",&n);
ptr=(int*)calloc(n,sizeof(int));
if(ptr==NULL)
exit(0);
scanf("%d",ptr+i);
sum+=*(ptr+i);
printf("Sum=%d",sum);
free(ptr);
return 0;
realloc()
If the previously allocated memory is insufficient or more than
sufficient. Then, you can change memory size previously allocated
using realloc().
Syntax of realloc()
ptr=realloc(ptr,newsize);
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(){
int *ptr,i,n1,n2;
scanf("%d",&n1);
ptr=(int*)malloc(n1*sizeof(int));
printf("Address of previously allocated memory: ");
for(i=0;i<n1;++i)
printf("%u\t",ptr+i);
scanf("%d",&n2);
ptr=realloc(ptr,n2);
for(i=0;i<n2;++i)
printf("%u\t",ptr+i);
return 0;