3/12/2017 UPFC(DetailedModel)MATLAB&SimulinkExampleMathWorksBenelux

UPFC(DetailedModel)
Thisexampleshowsadetailedmodelofa48Pulse,GTObasedunified
powerflowcontroller(500kV,100MVA). OpenModel

PierreGirouxGilbertSybille(HydroQuebec,IREQ)

Description
AUnifiedPowerFlowController(UPFC)isusedtocontrolthepowerflowina500kVtransmissionsystem.TheUPFC
locatedattheleftendofthe75kmlineL2,betweenthe500kVbusesB1andB2,isusedtocontroltheactiveand
reactivepowersflowingthroughbusB2whilecontrollingvoltageatbusB1.Itconsistsoftwo100MVA,threelevel,
48pulseGTObasedconverters,oneconnectedinshuntatbusB1andoneconnectedinseriesbetweenbusesB1
andB2.TheshuntandseriesconverterscanexchangepowerthroughaDCbus.Theseriesconvertercaninjecta
maximumof10%ofnominallinetogroundvoltage(28.87kV)inserieswithlineL2.

Thispairofconverterscanbeoperatedinthreemodes:

UnifiedPowerFlowController(UPFC)mode,whentheshuntandseriesconvertersareinterconnectedthrough
theDCbus.WhenthedisconnectswitchesbetweentheDCbusesoftheshuntandseriesconverterareopened,
twoadditionalmodesareavailable:
ShuntconverteroperatingasaStaticSynchronousCompensator(STATCOM)controllingvoltageatbusB1
SeriesconverteroperatingasaStaticSynchronousSeriesCapacitor(SSSC)controllinginjectedvoltage,while
keepinginjectedvoltageinquadraturewithcurrent.

Themodeofoperationaswellasthereferencevoltageandreferencepowervaluescanbechangedbymeansofthe
"UPFCGUI"block.

Theprincipleofoperationoftheharmonicneutralizedconvertersisexplainedinanotherexampleentitled"Threephase
48pulseGTOconverter".Thispower_48pulsegtoconvertermodelisaccessibleinthePowerElectronicsModels
libraryofexamples.WhenthetwoconvertersareoperatedinUPFCmode,theshuntconverteroperatesasa
STATCOM.ItcontrolsthebusB1voltagebycontrollingtheabsorbedorgeneratedreactivepowerwhilealsoallowing
activepowertransfertotheseriesconverterthroughtheDCbus.Thereactivepowervariationisobtainedbyvarying

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theDCbusvoltage.Thefourthreelevelshuntconvertersoperateataconstantconductionangle(Sigma=1807.5=
172.5degrees),thusgeneratingaquasisinusoidal48stepvoltagewaveform.Thefirstsignificantharmonicsarethe
47thandthe49th.

WhenoperatinginUPFCmode,themagnitudeoftheseriesinjectedvoltageisvariedbyvaryingtheSigmaconduction
angle,thereforegeneratinghigherharmoniccontentsthantheshuntconverter.Asillustratedinthisexample,whenthe
seriesconverteroperatesinSSSCmodeitgeneratesa"true"48pulsewaveform.

ThenaturalpowerflowthroughbusB2whenzerovoltageisgeneratedbytheseriesconverter(zerovoltageon
convertersideofthefourconvertertransformers)isP=+870MWandQ=70Mvar.InUPFCmode,boththemagnitude
andphaseangleandtheseriesinjectedvoltagecanbevaried,thusallowingcontrolofPandQ.TheUPFC
controllableregionisobtainedbykeepingtheinjectedvoltagetoitsmaximumvalue(0.1pu)andvaryingitsphase
anglefromzeroto360degrees.ToseetheresultingPQtrajectory,doubleclickthe"ShowUPFCControllable
Region".AnypointlocatedinsidethePQellipticregioncanbeobtainedinUPFCmode.

Simulation
1.PowercontrolinUPFCmode

OpentheUPFCGUIblockmenu.TheGUIallowsyoutochoosetheoperationmode(UPFC,STATCOMorSSSC)as
wellasthePref/Qrefreferencepowersand/orVrefreferencevoltagesettings.Also,inordertoobservethedynamic
responseofthecontrolsystem,theGUIallowsyoutospecifyastepchangeofanyreferencevalueataspecifictime.

Makesurethattheoperationmodeissetto"UPFC(PowerFlowControl)".Thereferenceactiveandreactivepowers
arespecifiedinthelasttwolinesoftheGUImenu.Initially,Pref=+8.7pu/100MVA(+870MW)andQref=0.6
pu/100MVA(60Mvar).Att=0.25secPrefischangedto+10pu(+1000MW).Then,att=0.5sec,Qrefischangedto
+0.7pu(+70Mvar).Thereferencevoltageoftheshuntconverter(specifiedinthe2ndlineoftheGUI)willbekept
constantatVref=1puduringthewholesimulation(StepTime=0.3*100>Simulationstoptime(0.8sec).Whenthe
UPFCisinpowercontrolmode,thechangesinSTATCOMreferencereactivepowerandinSSSCinjectedvoltage
(specifiedrespectivelyin1stand3rdlineoftheGUI)asarenotused.

Runthesimulationfor0.8sec.Openthe"ShowScopes"subsystem.Observeontraces1and2oftheUPFCscope
thevariationsofPandQ.Afteratransientperiodlastingapproximately0.15sec,thesteadystateisreached(P=+8.7
puQ=0.6pu).ThenPandQarerampedtothenewsettings(P=+10puQ=+0.7pu).Observeontraces3and4the
resultingchangesinPQonthethreetransmissionlines.Theperformanceoftheshuntandseriesconverterscanbe
observedrespectivelyontheSTATCOMandSSSCscopes.IfyouzoomonthefirsttraceoftheSTATCOMscope,
youcanobservethe48stepvoltagewaveformVsgeneratedonthesecondarysideoftheshuntconverter
transformers(yellowtrace)superimposedwiththeprimaryvoltageVp(magenta)andtheprimarycurrentIp(cyan).The
dcbusvoltage(trace2)variesinthe19kV21kVrange.IfyouzoomonthefirsttraceoftheSSSCscope,youcan
observetheinjectedvoltagewaveformsVinjmeasuredbetweenbusesB1andB2.

2.VarcontrolinSTATCOMmode

IntheGUIblockmenu,changetheoperationmodeto"STATCOM(VarControl)".MakesurethattheSTATCOM
referencesvalues(1stlineofparameters,[T1T2Q1Q2])aresetto[0.30.5+0.80.8].Inthismode,theSTATCOM
isoperatedasavariablesourceofreactivepower.Initially,Qissettozero,thenatT1=0.3secQisincreasedto+0.8
pu(STATCOMabsorbingreactivepower)andatT2=0.5sec,Qisreversedto0.8pu(STATCOMgeneratingreactive
power).

RunthesimulationandobserveontheSTATCOMscopethedynamicresponseoftheSTATCOM.Zoomonthefirst
tracearoundt=0.5secwhenQischangedfrom+0.8puto0.8pu.WhenQ=+0.8pu,thecurrentflowingintothe
STATCOM(cyantrace)islaggingvoltage(magentatrace),indicatingthatSTATCOMisabsorbingreactivepower.
WhenQrefischangedfrom+0.8to0.8,thecurrentphaseshiftwithrespecttovoltagechangesfrom90degrees
laggingto90degreesleadingwithinonecycle.Thiscontrolofreactivepowerisobtainedbyvaryingthemagnitudeof
thesecondaryvoltageVsgeneratedbytheshuntconverterwhilekeepingitinphasewiththebusB1voltageVp.This
changeofVsmagnitudeisperformedbycontrollingthedcbusvoltage.WhenQischangingfrom+0.8puto0.8pu,
Vdc(trace3)increasesfrom17.5kVto21kV.

3.SeriesvoltageinjectioninSSSCmode

IntheGUIblockmenuchangetheoperationmodeto"SSSC(Voltageinjection)".MakesurethattheSSSCreferences
values(3rdlineofparameters)[Vinj_InitialVinj_FinalStepTime])aresetto[0.00.080.3].Theinitialvoltageissetto
0pu,thenatt=0.3secitwillberampedto0.8pu.

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RunthesimulationandobserveontheSSSCscopetheimpactofinjectedvoltageonPandQflowinginthe3
transmissionlines.ContrarytotheUPFCmode,inSSCCmodetheseriesinverteroperateswithaconstant
conductionangle(Sigma=172.5degrees).Themagnitudeoftheinjectedvoltageiscontrolledbyvaryingthedc
voltagewhichisproportionaltoVinj(3rdtrace).Also,observethewaveformsofinjectedvoltages(1sttrace)and
currentsflowingthroughtheSSSC(2ndtrace).VoltagesandcurrentsstayinquadraturesothattheSSSCoperatesas
avariableinductanceorcapacitance.

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