H_07.
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EE 3410: Homework #7 March 27, 2017
Return: March 31, 2017
Problem 1.
Calculate parameters of a 20 kVA, 480/120 V transformer equivalent model recalculated to the primary
side, if the short circuit voltage is U1sc = 7% of U1r, the short-circuit active power is Psc = 2,5% of the rated
power Sr, open circuit current, I10 = 4% of I1r, while the open circuit active power P0 = 1.5% of the rated
power Sr.
Calculate transformer supply voltage U1 needed to provide voltage U2 = 120 V to the load if the
transformer is loaded with the power
a) S2 = P2 = 20 kW
b) S2 = 20 e j45 deg kVA
c) S2 = 20 e j45 deg kVA
For each case draw the diagram of complex rms values of voltages and currents
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Solution
1. Rated primary current RMS value:
S 20 103
I1r=
= r = 41.7 A
U1r 480
2. Parameters of the equivalent circuit recalculated to primary side: Open circuit admittance
I10 0.04 I1r 0.0441.7
Y10 = = = = 3.5 103 S
U1r U1r 480
3. Equivalent conductance of the core:
P0 0.015 Sr 0.015 20 103
GFe = = = = 1.3 103 S
U1r2 U1r2 4802
4. Magnetizing circuit susceptance:
Bm = Y10
2
GFe
2
3.52 1.32 103 =
= 3.2 103 S
5. Short circuit impedance:
U 1sc 0.07 U1r 0.07 480
Z1sc = = = = 0.81
I1r I1r 41.7
6. Series resistance:
Psc 0.025 Sr 0.025 20 103
R1 + R2' = = = = 0.29
I1r2 I1r2 41.7 2
7. Series reactance:
X 1l + X 2' l = Z1sc
2
( R1 + R2' ) 2 = 0.812 0.292 =0.76
Hence
X 0.38
R1 ==
R2' 0.14 , X 1l = X=
2 l 0.38 ,
'
L1l = L'2 l = 1l = =1.0 103 =1.0 mH
377
1 1
RFe = = 769 , Lm = =
0.83 H
GFe Bm
8. The supply voltage U1 calculation, assuming that
0
U '2 = 480 e j90 V .
At the load power S2 = P2 = 20 kW
1. Since
S*2 P2 20 103 0
S2 = U '2(I '2)* , I '2 = = = = 41.7 e j 90 A
(U '2)* (U '2)* j 480
2. Complex RMS value E1 of the transformer internal voltage e:
0
E1 =U 2' + ( R2' + jX '2 l ) I 2' = j 480 + (0.14 + j 0.38) j 41.7 = 486.1 e91.9 V
3. Complex RMS value I10 of the transformer open circuit (idle) current:
0 0
I10 = ( GFe + jBm) E1 = (1.3 - j 3.2) 10-3 486.1 e91.9 = 1.7 e 24.0 A
4. Complex RMS value of the primary current, i1
0 0 0
I1 = I10 + I '2 = 1.7 e 24.0 + 41.7 e j 90 = 42.4 e j 87.9 A
5. Complex RMS value U1 of the transformer primary voltage u1:
0 0 0
U1 = E1 + ( R1+ jX 1l ) I1 = 486.1 e91.9 + (0.14 + j 0.38) 42.4 e j 87.9 = 493.4 e93.7 V
At the load power S2 = 20 ej45 kVA
20 103 e j 45 20 103 e j 45
0 0
S*2 0
==
I '2 = = 41.7 e j 45 A
' *
(U 2) ' *
(U 2) j 480
1. Complex RMS value E1 of t he transformer internal voltage e:
0 0
E1 =U 2' + ( R'2 + jX 2' l ) I 2' = j 480 + (0.14 + j 0.38) 41.7 e j 45 = 495.4 e90.8 V
2. Complex RMS value I10 of the transformer open circuit (idle) current:
0 0
I10 = ( GFe + jBm) E1 = (1.3 - j 3.2) 10-3 495.4 e90.8 = 1.7 e 22.9 A
3. Complex RMS value of the primary current, i1
0 0 0
I1 = I10 + I '2 = 1.7 e 22.9 + 41.7 e j 45 = 43.3 e j 44.1 A
4. Complex RMS value U1 of the transformer primary voltage u1:
0 0 0
U1 = E1 + ( R1+ jX 1l ) I1 = 495.4 e90.8 + (0.14 + j 0.38) 43.3 e j 44.1 = 511.6 e91.6 V
At the load power S2 = 20 e- j45 kVA
0 0
S*2 20 103 e j 45 20 103 e j 45 0
==
I '2 = = 41.7 e j 135 A
' *
(U 2) ' *
(U 2) j 480
1. Complex RMS value E1 of the transformer internal voltage e:
0 0
E1 =U 2' + ( R2' + jX '2 l ) I 2' = j 480 + (0.14 + j 0.38) 41.7 e j 135 = 473.2 e91.9 V
2. Complex RMS value I10 of the transformer open circuit (idle) current:
0 0
I10 = ( GFe + jBm) E1 = (1.3 - j 3.2) 10-3 473.2 e91.9 = 1.6 e 24.0 A
2
3. Complex RMS value of the primary current, i1
0 0 0
I1 = I10 + I '2 = 1.6 e 24.0 + 41.7 e j 135 = 41.1e j 132.9 A
4. Complex RMS value U1 of the transformer primary voltage u1:
0 0 0
U1 = E1 + ( R1+ jX 1l ) I1 = 473.2 e91.9 + (0.14 + j 0.38) 41.1 e j 132.9 = 467.6 e93.8 V
5. Diagrams of voltages and currents CRMS values. If the voltage drop u on transformer elements are
marked as shown in Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Transformer equivalent circuit with marked voltage drops
then the diagrams of voltages and currents CRMS values for RL, R, and RC loads have the form shown in
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Diagrams of voltages and currents CRMS values
Symbols
I1r Rated primary current U1r Rated primary voltage
Sr Rated power Y10 Idle admittance
I10 Idle primary current P0 Idle active power
GFe Equivalent conductance of the core Bm Magnetizing susceptance
U1sc Short circuit primary voltage Z1sc Short circuit primary impedance
R2 Recalculated secondary winding resistance R1 Primary winding resistance
X2l Recalculated secondary winding reactance X1l Primary winding reactance
L2l Recalculated secondary winding inductance L1l Primary winding inductance
RFe Equivalent resistance of the core Lm Magnetizing inductance
S2 Complex apparent power of the load U2 Recalculated secondary voltage CRMS
I2 Recalculated secondary current CRMS value U1 Primary voltage CRMS value
E1 Internel voltage CRMS value of the transformer I10 Idle current CRMS value
I1 Primary current CRMS value
