Scribd
Upload
7K views1 page

Einstein Notation For Vectors

Quick reference for using Einstein summation notation with common vector operators like grad, div, and curl.

Uploaded by

RhysU
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
7K views1 page

Einstein Notation For Vectors

Quick reference for using Einstein summation notation with common vector operators like grad, div, and curl.

Uploaded by

RhysU
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1/ 1

Vector calculus with Einstein notation quick reference Page 1 of 1

Kronecker Delta and Levi-Civita relations:


δii = 3
δi j δ jk = δik
εi jk εi jm = 2δkm
εi jk εimn = δ jm δkn − δ jn δkm
εi jk εi jk = 6

Scalar, vector, and 2-tensor operations


αv + βu = (αvi + βui ) ei
  
αA + βB = αAi j + βBi j ei ⊗ e j
 
vA = (vl el ) A ji e j ⊗ ei = ei δl j vl A ji = ei v j A ji
 
Av = Ai j ei ⊗ e j (vl el ) = ei δ jl Ai j vl = ei Ai j v j
     
AB = Ai j ei ⊗ e j Bi j ei ⊗ e j = Ail Bl j ei ⊗ e j
tr (AB) = Ai j B ji
 
A : B = tr AT B = Ai j Bi j

Inner, outer, and cross products:


a · b = ai bi
 
a ⊗ b = ai b j ei ⊗ e j
a × b = εi jk ai b j ek
a × b × c = ai b j ci e j − ai bi c j e j
= (a · c) b − (a · b) c
Basic translations into summation convention:
∇ = ei ∂i Del operator
∆ = ∂i ∂i Laplacian operator, ∇2 = ∇ · ∇
∇ϕ = ei ∂i ϕ gradient : scalar → vector
 
∇∇ϕ = ∂i ∂ j ϕ ei ⊗ e j gradient gradient : scalar → tensor
 
∇u = ∂ j ui ei ⊗ e j gradient : vector → tensor
∇ · u = ∂i u i divergence: vector → scalar
 
∇ × u = εi jk ∂i u j ek curl: vector → vector

Tautologies using summation convention:


∇ × (∇ϕ) = 0 ⇐⇒ εi jk ∂i ∂ j ϕek = 0 curl gradient scalar
∇ · (∇ × u) = 0 ⇐⇒ εi jk ∂i ∂ j uk = 0 divergence curl vector

You might also like