Seminar The Applied Informatics in Earthquake

MODELLING STRUCTURAL SAP2000 EXAMPLE

CALCULATIONS

AKNOUCHE H., Research Associate

National Center for Applied Research in Earthquake Engineering, CGS

MODELLING SAP2000

The SAP2000 modeling comprises the following steps:

1. Enter the model geometry (position of the nodes, connectivity elements).

2. Specify the properties of elements and assign them to the elements.
3. Define the load cases (static and dynamic) and assign these costs to the nodes and elements.
4. Specify the boundary conditions (supports, diaphragms, etc ...).
5. Start executing the problem, make corrections to the model if necessary.
6. See the results (on screen, File, etc ...).

Example No. 1: CRANE IN AUTOSTABLE B.A IN R + 4

1.1. Description Building

The studied structure is a reinforced concrete building for residential use located in Zone 2.

1.1.1. Dimensions in the Structure Plan

Length (X) .................................................................................................................. 18.30 m

Width (Y) ..................................................................................................................... 08.80 m
Height (Z)...................................................................................................................... 16.00 m

Permanent loads G: Floor terrace G = 5.50 KN / m

Current G Floor = 5.00 KN / m

Overload farms Q: Floor terrace Q = 1.00 KN / m

Current floor Q = 1.50 KN / m

1.1.2. Defining Case Charges

G: dead load. Q:
operating expense.
Ex (y): spectral dynamic load in X (Y)

1.1.3. Definition of load combinations.

G+Q
1.35 G + G +
Q Q 1.5 E
G + Q 1.2 E
0.8 G E

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1.1.4. Calculation of Masses for Modal Analysis

The masses of the floors are calculated as follows: W = Wp + Wp Wq:

own weight
= 0.2
Q = Operation Overload. W
= 700 t

1.1.5. Calculation of Equivalent Static Loads Ex1, y1:

The equivalent static loads are calculated according to the method given by the RPA99:

ADQ
V= W
R
where: A = 0.15; D = 2.2; Q = 1.20; R = 3.5

from where: V t = 79.2

- Distribution of Static Loads:

V-
Fi=n Ft WiH i
WjHj
j=1

Ft = 0.0 for T <0.7 s F1

= 208.00 KN
F2 = F3 =
144.66 146.85
KN KN F4 =
F5 = 147.41
145.02 KN KN

1.2. Step 1: Define the Geometry Model

The first step is to define the geometry of the structure to be modeled.

1.2.1. Choice of Units

Unlike SAP90, you must choose a system of units for data entry in SAP2000. At the bottom of the
screen, for example, select the unit (kN.m) as building blocks for forces and displacements.

1.2.2. Basic geometry

Select New model from template in the File menu. This option allows you to quickly create a model
"regular", Using predefined templates.

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Since this is a three-dimensional structure, select the icon:

You must specify the number of floors, number of spans X and Y, storey height and width of the
spans X and Y. Enter the above data, even if the building is irregular (the change will be made more
late). The next window shows the data from our example.

Two views of the model are displayed (3D and 2D). If you maximize a window and that the model
is no longer centered, click the Restore icon view full The model defined like this:

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Save your model using the File menu and Save. You must specify the backup folder and the file
name. The data files have extensions SAP2000 "SDB or S2K." You can also click on the icon .

1.2.3. Changing the geometry Base

As the geometry of the building is not completely regular, we must change it. The span length is
different. Draw and select Edit Grid, on the window that appears on screen, choose the X axis and
replace the line X = X = -12 -9.15 clicking Move Grid Line. Make sure the option Glue Joints to
Grid Lines is selected.

Repeat this procedure to replace other lines -7.2 coordinates -2.4,2.4,7.2 and 12 per
-6.15, -1.35, 1.35, 6.15 and 9.15 respectively.

Select OK and repeat this process for the Y and Z directions as follows:
Y direction replace the line Y = 4.9 by 3.9, select OK.
Z add one rib Z = 3,6,9,12 and 15, select OK. Your

model should now look like this:

3.0 4.8 2.7 4.8 3.0

4.9 3.9

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1.3. Step 2: Specifying Properties of the Elements

The second step is to specify the properties of the elements.

1.3.1. Definition of Material

Define and select Modify and Materials / Show Material to view or change the characteristics of an
existing material in the library or SAP2000 Define Materials and then Add New Material to add a
new material, in both cases, the following window appears or you must specify the name for the
material in Material Type, type in Type of Material, density, specific gravity, modulus of elasticity,
the Poisson's ratio and coefficient of thermal expansion in Analysis Property Data.

Click "OK" and repeat this procedure to define other materials.

1.3.2. Selection of
Sections

There are a multitude of predefined sections in SAP2000. It is possible, for example, to choose from
a long list of steel sections containing all the information for a given section (E, A, I, etc ...). For the
example considered here, as the sections are not standard, we must first define the new sections for
beams and columns. You must then assign them to the corresponding elements.

1.3.2.1. Defining Sections

Select Define Sections Frames and then Import / Wide Flange to import a predefined section in the
library or SAP2000 Define and Frames Rectangular Sections then Add to define a rectangular
section.

The following window appears, you must specify the name for each section in Section Name, type
of material in Material and dimensions (width and height) in size. So choose POT35 as the section
name poles DRC and 1st floor 35x35 dimensions and enter the dimensions in meters on both sides
(0.35x0.35m). Select the MAT material for concrete.

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Click "OK" and repeat this by choosing as the section name:

POT30 to set the posts section of dimensions 30x30, P30 to set

the section beams 30x30 dimensions, P40X30 to define the
section beams 40x30 dimensions.

Note: Click on the Properties button to view Section view area, moments of inertia, the shear
area and other properties calculated by SAP2000.

Sections 1.3.2.2 Assigning the Elements Structures

Sections POT35, POT30, P30 and P40X30 were defined and corresponds to the MAT material
properties of concrete building considered. We must now assign these properties to the appropriate
elements.
To assign the poles POT35 section of floor & 1st floor, for example, show the building structure in
the XZ plane or XY views on one of the displayed model (3D and 2D) on screen. Click the Clear
icon on the floating toolbar to remove any selection.

Note: This icon is only active if there is already a selection.

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Select from the selected columns involved (posts 1st and 2nd floor) plan using the icon in the
floating toolbar. This allows to draw a line with the mouse and select all the items crossed by the
line. Repeat for the posts belonging to planes parallel to the selected plan using icons .
Sections were assigned with the Assign menu and Frame and Sections. Select in this case the
POT35 appropriate section of the selected columns. By clicking "OK" the name of the section will
appear on the active window. Resume operation for all the posts of the structure by choosing the
appropriate sections.

This is also used to assign sections already defined beams, however, to select the beams, we must
this time, represent the building structure in the XY plane.

1.3.3. Viewing Information Model

You can display different information (number of nodes, elements, etc ...) on the model. Click the
Set elements icon select the following display options:

If we choose the floor of the first floor on one of the two windows, the floor is shown as follows:

1.4. Step 3: Setting Case Charges

For SAP2000, each load must be broadly defined. The charges are then applied to the nodes and the
appropriate and associated with an existing case of loading elements. The example treated here
consists of the following cases of loading:

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The dead load G

The overload operating P
Seismic loads Ex and Ey in the case of the equivalent static method,
The functions of response spectra SPCX SPCY and in the case of the spectral method.

1.4.1. Case of Static Loads (Permanent and Exploitation)

Select Static Load Cases in the Define menu. This option creates the desired static loading case.

In the case of permanent load G and if Self Weight Multiplier is set equal to 1, the weight of the
structural elements will be considered automatically by the software in the calculation. Otherwise,
the software ignores the own weight of the structural elements.

1.4.2. Case of Seismic Loads

1.4.2.1. Static Equivalent Method

If the structure meets the requirements of the application of the equivalent static method presented
in RPA99, seismic loading will be considered a static force applied to the master nodes floors.
Thus, to introduce this force: Select Static Load Cases in the Define menu. This option creates the
static loading case EX and EY.

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1.4.2.2. Method Modal Spectral Analysis (Response Spectrum)

To load the file function response spectrum already created and saved in your phone book under the
name of "spectre.dat"for example, in two columns, one column and a column periods of
acceleration, then click the Define Response Spectrum Functions and Add Function from File
menu.

The following window appears on screen, you must enter in the X direction, for example:

"SPCX"Name of function response spectrum in Function Name,

"Spectre.dat"filename in Open File,
Select the box and Acceleration Period value.

Click "OK" and repeat the steps in this procedure to enter data on the direction of excitation Y. See
the introduction of data on the following windows:

Note: If you select the Function box at equal period of step, it is not necessary to introduce the
periods and the number of points per line in the box Number of dots per line (these points
represent the acceleration values per line in the selected file).

1.4.3. Assigning Static Loads

To assign the vertical static loads defined beams, we will first present the structure of the building
in the XY plane, the first stage, for example, on one of the displayed model (3D and 2D) screen
views. Click the Clear icon on the floating toolbar to remove any selection.
Select the chosen beams to load the map using the icon in the floating toolbar. Repeat for
beams with equal loading and belonging to the higher plans using the icon .

Loading is assigned with the Assign menu and Frame Static Loads and Point and Uniform
Trapezoidal or for uniform and concentrated load or trapezoidal respectively.

By clicking on Uniform Point and the following window appears, you must specify the name of
load cases to be allocated (eg dead load G), the type of load (force or moment), the direction of load
application and the value of the load in Uniform Loads.

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Note: For a concentrated load (permanent or operating), one must specify the position and the
value of the latter in Point Loads.

1.4.4. Allocation charges Seismic

1.4.4.1. Static Equivalent Method

Equivalent static seismic loads by selecting the relevant master node for each floor, with the Assign
menu and Joint Static Loads and Forces are assigned. On the window that appears on screen you
must specify as the excitation direction X or Y value of the seismic loading.

1.4.4.2. Method Modal Spectral Analysis (Response Spectrum)

Seismic loads response spectrum is attributed with the Define menu and Response Spectrum Cases
and Add New Spectra.

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On the window that appears on screen, you must specify as the excitation X direction:

"EX"Case Name loading by response spectrum in Spectrum Cases Name,

"0"Excitation angle in Excitation Angle
"0.07"Depreciation in Damping,
"SPCX"Name of function response spectrum defined above and "9.81"the scale factor in the
Input Response Spectra.

Click "OK" and repeat the steps in this procedure to enter data on the direction of excitation Y. See
data entry on the windows below.

1.4.5. Combinations of Shares

Combinations of action in the Define menu and combination Loads and Add New Comb is
introduced. On the window that appears on screen you must specify for the combination of the
ultimate limit state for example that:

"ELU"Name combination of action in Load Combination Name,

"ADD"Type of combination of shares Load Load Combination,
"ELU"Heading Title in combination,
"1.35 and 1.5"weighting factors when loading "P and G"Define in combination.

When you type "OK"the name of the introduced combination appears in the window Define Load
Combinations.

Repeat steps of this procedure to introduce other combinations of actions.

The two windows have the introduction of data on combinations

1.35G + G + P and
1.5PEy

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Note: The instruction "ADD"Represents the algebraic sum of the actions to

be combined.

1.5. Step N04: Boundary Condition

This step is to specify the boundary conditions (supports, etc ...) for the structure to be modeled.

1.5.1. Supports
(Restraints)

The template used has already placed double-taps at the bottom of each popteau. Since in this case
it is the recesses must change.

Select the nodes of the base by drawing a window which include using the mouse in the XY plane
for Z = 0. Supports (restraints) is credited with the Assign menu and Seal (nodes) and Restraints.
Click the icon that represents a recess.

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This menu can be used to assign any combination of degrees of freedom at any node. Save your
model using the File menu and Save.

1.5.2. Creating the Master

Node

In SAP2000, the master node can be created with the Draw menu and Add Special Joint. This
allows you to move the mouse to the desired position whose coordinates are displayed as the bottom
of the window representing the XY plane of the first floor, for example, once the desired position is
reached, press the left button the mouse. To change the coordinates of this node, or any node.
Simply select the node and press the right button of the mouse. A window appears on your screen
and you can change the X, Y and Z coordinates and the node number.

Repeat for the other floors.

Note: The position of the master node represents the center of gravity of masses roughly 0.05l
(L is the dimension of the floor perpendicular to the direction of the seismic action) as
stipulated in Article 4.3.7 of RPA99.

Since this is a rigid floor is to be attributed to the master node of each floor:

1- Three degrees of freedom: two translations (X and Y) and rotation around Z. To do this,
select the master nodes created by clicking on them with the mouse. Attributed the
restraints with the Assign menu and Seal (nodes) and Restraints. On the Joint Restraint
window on screen, select the combination of degree of freedom following:

2- The mass of the floor for the translational degrees of the mass and inertia of the floor to
the degree of rotation. To do this, select the master nodes having the values of the
masses and mass inertia by clicking on them with the mouse. The masses are assigned
with the Assign menu and Seal (nodes) and Masses. The Joint Masses window on your
screen, set the values of the mass of the floor following both X and Y directions and the
value of mass inertia around the Z axis

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1.5.3. Constraints

As with SAP90, the Constraints are used to connect the degrees of freedom (DOF) of one or more
nodes to the degrees of freedom of a single node. This has the effect of reducing the number of
equations to solve.

Click the Clear icon on the floating toolbar to remove any selection. Select the nodes of the first
stage by drawing a window that encompasses these nodes using the mouse. In SAP2000, the
Constraints are assigned with the Assign menu and Joints and Constraints, Constraints on the
window that appears on your screen, select Add Diaphragm.

Must assign a name to the Add Diaphragm assigned to the first floor and specify the degree of
freedom that will be common to all nodes of this floor. Choose DIAPH1 as name and select the
DDL as the Z axis on the diaphragm constraint window.

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Click "OK" and repeat for all floors by selecting a different name (DIAPH2, DIAPH3, DIAPH4 and
DIAPH5) and always the Z axis
Before starting the implementation of the calculation example, specify that the analysis will be done
in three dimensions. Select Space Frame in the Analyze menu and Set Analysis Options.

On the same window before clicking "OK"Select Dynamic Analysis and Dynamic Parameters Set to
set the number of vibration mode to remember in Number of modes. Then select Generate Output to
create an output file that can be printed. Press Select Output Options to specify the results to back
up files:

Select all possible options and, in each case, press Select / Show Loads to choose when loading or
combination of action.

1.6. Step 5: Starting the Run

The execution of the problem can be started by selecting Analyze and Run Analysis. It can also be
started by pressing F5 or icon . If there are errors, you can return to the graphics module and
make the necessary corrections.

The next step is to visualize the results of the analysis.

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1.7. Step 6: Display and Operating Results

After running the model, the SAP2000 built three extension files (.OUT, .EKO
And .LOG). The extension file (.out) provides:

- The sum of the modal effective mass (> 90%) for review, as appropriate, the number of
modes to remember.

- The seismic shear force at the base in the case of spectral modal method,

In our example:

The modal effective mass exceeds 96% of the energy for five modes:

O N A L P A R T I C A T I F I N G M A S S R A T I O S

MODE PERIOD INDIVIDUAL MODE (PERCENT) CUMULATIVE SUM (PERCENT)

UX UY UZ UX UY UZ

1 0.946236 0.0000 86.0998 0.0000 0.0000 86.0998 0.0000

2 0.762738 73.7407 0.0000 0.0000 73.7407 86.0998 0.0000
3 0.715778 13.6977 0.0000 0.0000 87.4385 86.0998 0.0000
4 0.313598 0.0000 10.3374 0.0000 87.4385 96.4372 0000
5 0.262696 9.3352 0.0000 0.0000 96.7737 96.4372 0.0001
Thus, the condition of RPA99 is checked for 05 modes.

Seismic shear to the base in the case of spectral modal method:

R E S P O N S E S P E C T U R M B A S E REACTIONS IN

RESPONSE-SPECTRUM LOCAL COORDINATES

SPEC EX ------------------

FOR EACH MODE, DUE TO SPECTRAL ACCELERATION IN DIRECTION U1:

MODE F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
1 5.62E-13 1.76E-05 2.88E-09 -0.000204 5.19E-12 -7.44E-12
2 545.154501 6.71E-06 -1.51E-06 4.10e-05 6276.546 -289.924046
3 105.721253 1.43E-06 -2.84E-07 3.49E-06 1216.489 626.302963
4 6.17E-10 0.000250 -2.84E-07 0.000393 -1.17E-08 -7.82E-09
5 91.823680 -0.002457 0.000603 -0.001014 -185.593785 -28.186564

COMBINED FOR ALL MODES AND ALL DIRECTIONS OF SPECTRAL ACCELERATION:

F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
SPEC 562.851669 0.002470 0.000603 0.001107 6396.040 690.728483

SPEC EY ------------------

FOR EACH MODE, DUE TO SPECTRAL ACCELERATION IN DIRECTION U2:

MODE F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
1 1.76E-05 550.940664 0.090182 -6392.060 0.000163 -0.000233
2 6.71E-06 8.25E-14 -1.86E-14 5.04E-13 7.72E-05 -3.57E-06
3 1.43E-06 1.94E-14 -3.84E-15 4.72E-14 1.65E-05 8.48E-06
4 0.000250 101.680894 -0.115235 159.614135 -0.004747 -0.003173
5 -0.002457 6.58E-08 -1.61E-08 2.71E-08 0.004967 0.000754

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COMBINED FOR ALL MODES AND ALL DIRECTIONS OF SPECTRAL ACCELERATION:

F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
SPEC 0.002470 560.245142 0.146328 6394.053 0.006873 0.003270

Note: Comparing the shear force at the base Vt obtained by the spectral method with shear
Vs deducted by the equivalent static method it is clear that 0.8Vs far exceeds Vt. Thus, we
must increase Vt by a coefficient equal to 0.8Vs / Vt accordance with Article 4.3.6 of RPA99.

1.7.1. Results Files

The File menu, then Print output tables to print or export the desired results (Displacement,
Reaction, Internal forces, ...) for each load and for each selected structure to a file element. These
files can be exploited by exporting to Excel to determine, for example:

- The max effort for reinforcement of structural elements,

- The maximum displacement for the calculation of inter-stage and design seismic
displacement seal.
For example, to determine the max effort back to the posts of 40x40 dimensions. First select these
items, choose the desired combination for the results to be printed on file in the Print Output Tables
in File box.

1.7.2. Viewing Results on Screen

The graphical interface of SAP2000 allows to visualize the results in different forms.

1.7.2.1. Travel

With the Display menu, you can select Show Deformed Shape (or just press F6) to see the moves.
The Show Deformed Shape submenu leads to the following window:

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You must specify the load cases. The Scaling option to specify a multiplication factor for moving or
leaving SAP2000 pick one (Auto). The Wire Shadow option lets you overlay the undeformed
geometry (light gray) in the deformed geometry.
The Cubic Curve option helps illustrate the deformed with cubic interpolation into account not only
translations but also rotations and therefore representative of the bending in the elements. It is
possible to animate the movement. Click Start Animation at the bottom of the screen to see the
structure vibrate. In the case of loading response spectra EX and EY, shapes displayed are as
follows:

Next EX Next EY

This setup allows us to determine the displacement of the structure at the top and moving in
accordance with inter-stage RPA99.

Mode shapes can be view by choosing this time the Shape Fashion Show section in the Display
menu.

1.7.2.2. Reactions

The Display menu displays the reactions with the option Show Element Forces / stressed and seals.
Select Reactions and if desired charge. The feedback will be posted on the support. You can print
this view with the menu File and Print Graphics.

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1.7.2.3. Internal Forces

The Display menu displays the internal forces with Show Element Forces / stressed and Frames.
Select the window that appears on your screen load combination and the desired effort and Load
component respectively.

The Axial Force option displays the diagram of normal forces. The 2-2 and 3-3 Shear option
displays the diagram of shear forces in the directions 2-2 and 3-3. The Moment 3-3 and 2-2 option
displays the bending moment diagram in the 3-3 and 2-2 directions. The following figures show the
distribution of the normal force for the G + P combination.

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1.9. Starting a Other Analysis

When the scan is complete, SAP2000 "locks" the model. Thus, throughout the step of displaying the
results, it is impossible to change the model (geometry, connectivity, materials, supports, loads, etc

...). The lock icon in the toolbar at the top of the screen is pressed . To make changes to the
model, you must unlock it by clicking this icon. In this case, all the results of analysis will be
destroyed.Once unlocked, the model can be edited and further analysis can be performed.

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Example No. 2: MIXED IN STRUCTURE B.A

The structure of Example No. 1 is kept by inserting sails "L" length of 1.50 m at the corners of the
building.

2.1. Step 1: Define the geometry model (Inserting Sails)

To insert the sails, one must first create new Grid Lines to the outer limits of the sails. In our case,
the coordinates of these Grids are:

X direction: -7.65m and 7.65m

Y direction: -3.40m and 2.40m

For SAP2000, insertion elements Shell can be made with the Draw menu, and Quick Draw
Rectangular Shell Element or by selecting the icon in the floating toolbar. Move the
mouse to the desired position, once it is reached, click the left mouse button to
perform the insertion. Repeat for introducing other elements of sails.

The sails can be subdivided into sub-elements by selecting around these elements and then on the
Edit Mesh Shells menu, choose the number of sub-elements desired in the window displayed on
your screen.

2.2. Step 2: Specifying Properties of the Elements

Select Define Shell Sections and then Add New Section on the window that appears on your screen,
you must specify the name for each section in Section Name, type of material in Material, thickness
in Membrane and Bending and type of element sailing in kind. So choose VOIL15 as the section
name veils and enter the thickness in meters, 0.15 m in shell type and select the MAT material for
concrete.

VOIL15 the section is assigned with the Assign menu and Sections Shell and Shell by selecting all
items.

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2.3. Step 3: Setting Case Charges

The same load cases as the previous example No. 1 on guard.

2.4 Step 4: Boundary Condition (Justification Interaction Voiles-Portals)

According to RPA99 and to ensure compatibility between the porch and the veil, we must ensure
interaction by dividing frame elements so that their nodes coincide with those of sub-elements of
sails previously created.

Select the whole structure with all the icon in the floating toolbar and then using the Edit
menu and select Break Divide Frame section at intersections With Selected frames and
seals.

Before starting the implementation of the problem, we must redefine the diaphragms for each floor
to be assigned to new nodes from the transaction discretization mesh veils degrees of freedom right.

2.5. Step 5: Starting the Run

After execution of the problem by pressing F5 or by selecting Analyze and Run Analysis, the
SAP2000 built three extension files (.OUT, .EKO and .LOG). The extension file (.out) results.

The sum of the modal effective mass.

MODALPARTICIPATINGMAS SRATIOS

MODE PERIOD INDIVIDUAL MODE (PERCENT) CUMULATIVE SUM (PERCENT)

UX UY UZ UX UY UZ

1 0.539353 0.0000 75.6280 0.0000 0.0000 75.6280 0.0000
2 0.443642 76.9194 0.0000 0.0000 76.9194 75.6280 0.0000
3 0.332626 0.0369 0.0000 0.0000 76.9562 75.6280 0.0000
4 0.136459 0.0000 16.9027 0.0001 76.9562 92.5307 0.0002
5 0.122132 16.4355 0.0000 0.0000 93.3917 92.5307 0.0002
the condition of RPA99 is checked for 05 modes.

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Seismic shear to the base in the case of modal spectral method,

R E S P O N S E S P E C T U R M B A S E REACTIONS IN

RESPONSE-SPECTRUM LOCAL COORDINATES

SPEC EX ------------------

FOR EACH MODE, DUE TO SPECTRAL ACCELERATION IN DIRECTION U1:

MODE F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
1 6.58E-15 1.89E-06 5.99E-10 -2.30E-05 1.96E-14 -9.43E-16
2 578.827449 1.03E-05 1.61E-05 -2.79E-05 7009.463 239.975560
3 0.277385 -2.65E-07 -1.32E-07 4.44E-07 3.286352 38.874622
4 1.58E-10 0.000147 -2.53E-07 -0.000323 1.99E-10 1.77E-10
5 144.567944 -0.000527 4.77E-05 0.000809 282.439000 68.128229

COMBINED FOR ALL MODES AND ALL DIRECTIONS OF SPECTRAL ACCELERATION:

F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
SPEC 597.832133 0.000452 5.03E-05 0.000663 7018.132 260.014146

SPEC EY ------------------

FOR EACH MODE, DUE TO SPECTRAL ACCELERATION IN DIRECTION U2:

MODE F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
1 1.89E-06 540.738547 0.171666 -6606.762 5.63E-06 -2.70E-07
2 1.03E-05 1.83E-13 2.86E-13 -4.97E-13 0.000125 4.27E-06
3 -2.65E-07 2.54E-13 1.27E-13 -4.24E-13 -3.14E-06 -3.72E-05
4 0.000147 137.633211 -0.235985 -301.732616 0.000185 0.000165
5 -0.000527 1.92E-09 -1.74E-10 -2.95E-09 -0.001029 -0.000248

COMBINED FOR ALL MODES AND ALL DIRECTIONS OF SPECTRAL ACCELERATION:

F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
SPEC 0.000452 558.921944 0.290835 6615.780 0.000935 0.000200

2.6. Display and Operating Results

2.6.1. Travel

Travel can be viewed by executing the operation defined above. For the case of loading response
spectrum in the X direction is obtained as follows:

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 Seminar The Applied Informatics in Earthquake

The previous configuration allows us to determine the displacement interstage accordance with
RPA99.

Note: The mode shapes and responses can be viewed by following the steps defined above.

2.6.2. Internal Forces

To determine the forces back to the sails and portals separately, you must:

Select the basic knots and sails elements connected to these nodes
Assign a group name to selected then click on Assign Group Name elements
View the results by clicking on Display and Show Group Joint Force Sums.

By performing these steps for the sails, is obtained for the load cases defined above, the following
reduction efforts in the center of gravity of the section of the group:

These efforts can be printed on file by selecting the Print Output Tables box
File in the names of groups and combinations of actions.

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 Seminar The Applied Informatics in Earthquake

Example No. 3: STRUCTURE SAILS

3.1. DESCRIPTION

4.5

1.5

3.5

3.50 3.50 2.70 3.50 3.50

3.2. Step 1: Defining the Geometry of Building

To enter the building geometry, one must define the Modify Grid Line Grid box Edit and Draw the
lines representing the axes of the sails and the limits of the openings in the three X, Y and Z. In our
example menu directions, we have:

X 0.00 2.25 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.50 4.75 6.00 7.00 9.70 11.95 12.95 13.2 13.45 14.45 16.70
Y 0.00 3.50 3.75 4.75 5.00 9.50
Z 0.00 2.20 3.00 5.2 6.00 8.20 9.00 11.2 12.00 14.20 15.00

The inclusion of Shell elements can be performed with the Draw menu, and Quick Draw
Rectangular Shell Element or by selecting the icon in the floating toolbar. Move the
mouse to the desired position, once it is reached, click the left mouse button for insertion.
Repeat for introducing other elements (walls and slabs).

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 Seminar The Applied Informatics in Earthquake

3.3. Step 2: Specifying Properties of the Elements

3.3.1. Definition of Material

Since this is a full slab BA, two methods can be used to define the characteristics of the material
elements SHELL:

1st Method: It involves the introduction of features relating to concrete material already defined
in the preceding paragraphs. The mass of the partition walls and coatings will be distributed over
the nodes of the floor surface according to their rightful. The weight of the partition walls and
coatings is considered a distributed over the surface of the slabs load elements.

Thus, for a current floor of 500 kg / m and a solid slab of BA in 16 cm thick, the mass to be spread
over the nodes equals 500-0.16x2500 = 100 kg / m.

2nd Method: To account for the mass separation elements and coatings will set a new material
with a mass and a density equivalent.

Thus, for a current floor of 500 kg / m, is obtained for the shell elements (ep = 16 cm) floor of a
density of 3.3125 kg / m and a weight of 33 125 kN / m.

3.3.2. Defined in Section

Choose VOIL15 SLAB and to define the section of the sails and slabs respectively.

3.4. Step 3: Definition of Case Loads and Combinations

Repeat steps phases No. 3 and No. 4 of Example No. 1 for the definition of load cases and
combinations of actions to consider.

Note: The combination G + P 1.2E combination is replaced by G + P E accordance with

RPA99.

3.4.1. Assignment of Case Static Loads

In case you use the first method for the definition of the material, in this section shall affect the
weight coatings and partitions as a uniform load. For that, one must select the plan selected XY
shell elements to be loaded using the icon in the floating toolbar. Repeat for the other elements
with equal loading.

Loading is assigned with the Assign menu and Shell Static Loads and Uniform for uniform loading.
Clicking Uniform, the following window appears, you enter the name of load cases to be assigned
in the Load Case Name box, the value of the load and the load application in Uniform Load
direction.

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 Seminar The Applied Informatics in Earthquake

In case you use the second method for defining the material, just in this section to assign operating
overload Shell elements of your floor as a uniformly distributed load.

3.4.2. Allocation of seismic load cases

In the case of modal spectral method, the allocation of seismic loads is done the same way as
Example No. 1.

3.5. Step No. 4: Terms of restraints

Select the nodes of the base by drawing a window that encompasses using the mouse in the XY
plane for Z = 0. Supports (restraints) is credited with the Assign menu and Seal (nodes) and
Restraints. In the box that appears click on the icon that represents a recess.

As the mass of sails is relatively comparable to the mass of the slabs, is neglected in this example
the use of diaphragm

3.6. Step 5: Starting the Run

Before starting the implementation of the calculation example, specify that the analysis will be done
in three dimensions. Select Space Frame in the Analyze menu and Set Analysis Options. On the
same window and then hitting "OK"then select Dynamic Analysis Set Dynamic Parameters to set
the number of vibration mode to remember in Number of modes. Then select Generate Output to
create an output file that can be printed. Press Select Output Options to specify the results to back
up files.
The execution of the problem can be started by selecting Analyze and Run Analysis. After
execution, the SAP2000 built three extension files (.OUT, .EKO and .LOG). The extension file
(.out) provides:

The sum of the modal effective mass.

MODALPARTICIPATINGMAS SRATIOS

MODE PERIOD INDIVIDUAL MODE (PERCENT) CUMULATIVE SUM (PERCENT)

UX UY UZ UX UY UZ
1 0.118868 73.0613 0.0005 0.0000 73.0613 0.0005 0.0000
2 0.110972 0.0008 67.9290 0.0242 73.0621 67.9295 0.0242
3 0.098271 6.0117 0.0001 0.0000 79.0739 67.9296 0.0242
4 0.071551 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 79.0739 67.9296 0.0243
5 0.059253 0.0000 0.0002 0.0006 79.0739 67.9298 0.0249
6 0.058595 0.0000 0.3159 1.1897 79.0739 68.2457 1.2146
7 0.057311 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 79.0739 68.2457 1.2148
With this number of modes provided 4.3.4.b of RPA99 is verified.

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The seismic shear force at the base in the case of spectral modal method,

R E S P O N S E S P E C T U R M B A S E R E C T I O N S

IN RESPONSE-SPEC SPECTRUM LOCAL

COORDINATES SPECX ----------------

--

FOR EACH MODE, DUE TO SPECTRAL ACCELERATION IN DIRECTION U1:

MODE F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
1 709.981764 1.810409 -0.039636 -23.255324 7765.963 -4419.216
2 0.008187 -2.340048 0.044142 28.014889 -0.281777 -19.561331
3 60.622081 0.228187 0.005883 -2.987732 666.755651 911.826414
4 0.000196 0.000289 0.000529 0.001643 -0.073200 0.050442
5 1.28E-05 0.000160 0.000294 0.001190 -0.006084 0.004320
6 1.23E-05 -0.006654 -0.012914 -0.054555 0.107826 -0.055478
7 3.80E-06 3.58E-05 8.55E-05 0.000312 0.007516 -0.003028

COMBINED FOR ALL MODES AND ALL DIRECTIONS OF SPECTRAL ACCELERATION:

F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
SPEC 743.420969 0.941177 0.025958 10.974431 8133.508 4035.444

SPEC SPECY ------------------

FOR EACH MODE, DUE TO SPECTRAL ACCELERATION IN DIRECTION U2:

MODE F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
1 1.810409 0.004616 -0.000101 -0.059300 19.802721 -11.268725
2 -2.340048 668.879982 -12.617540 -8007.783 80.543309 5591.416
3 0.228187 0.000859 2.21E-05 -0.011246 2.509731 3.432201
4 0.000289 0.000426 0.000780 0.002421 -0.107885 0.074344
5 0.000160 0.001998 0.003674 0.014867 -0.075993 0.053953
6 -0.006654 3.604251 6.994801 29.548698 -58.401972 30.048616
7 3.58E-05 0.000337 0.000805 0.002938 0.070769 -0.028513

COMBINED FOR ALL MODES AND ALL DIRECTIONS OF SPECTRAL ACCELERATION:

F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
SPEC 0.941177 669.191522 13.915737 8005.463 111.943094 5586.420

3.7. Display and Operating Results

3.7.1. Travel

Travel can be viewed by following the steps defined above.

3.7.2. Internal Forces

To determine the internal forces returning sails, just set sail for each group name and then click on
Assign Group Name after selecting nodes and basic elements connected to these nodes. The results
can be viewed by clicking on Display and Show Group Joint Force Sums or print to file by selecting
Print in the box Output Tables in File, group names and combinations of actions.

You can also view the internal forces per meter by clicking Shells in Show Element / Forces
stresses in the Display menu. In the case of our example, there is shown in the figure below the
distribution of internal force F11 meter displayed by SAP2000.

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 Seminar The ln (Applied ormaiique the Genie Earthquake

II II
II II
II II
.. 11 11 ..

II !' II Ill
n

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