.

NET Interview Questions

6th Edition
By
Shivprasad Koirala
(Around 600 plus Interview questions from real .NET
Interviews)

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Some other books by Shivprasad Koirala

C# and ASP.NET projects
SQL Server Interview Questions
Architecture Interview questions
Project management Interview questions
Java Interview questions
Software testing Interview Questions
Networking Interview questions
OOP's with real project Scenarios
Excel for Office people (In English and Hindi) Extensive coverage of formulas from
financial point of view.

Mail bpb@vsnl.com for more details. If you want to write to the author mail
shiv_koirala@yahoo.com.

Happy Job Hunting..

Introduction
Foreword
Resume,Mockinterview, 100 .NET videos and Interview rating Sheet

Chapter 1: Top 50 technical and Non-technical questions

Can you explain architecture of your current project?
Whatrole did you play in your project and company?
Whats your salary expectation?
Why do you want to leave your previous organization?
How much do you rate yourself between 1 to 10?
Can you speak about yourself?
How can we improve performance of .NET?
What is the difference between .NET 1.X,2.0,3.0, 3.5 and 4.0?
What is ILcode,JIT,CLR, CTS, CLS and CAS?
What is a garbage collector?
What is GAC?
What are stack,heap,value, reference types, boxing and unboxing?
How are exceptions handled in .NET?
What are different types of collections in .NET?
What are generics?
Explain Abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism?
How is abstract class different from aninterface?
What are the different types of polymorphism?
How does delegate differ from an event?
What are different access modifiers?
Can you explain connection, command, datareader and dataset in ADO.NET ?
How does Dataset differ from a Data Reader?
How is ASP.NET page life cycle executed?
What are Httphandlers and HttpModules and difference between them?
What are different kind of validator controls in ASP.NET ?
How is Server.Transfer different from response.Redirect ?
Can you explain windows, forms and passport authentication?
What is difference between Grid view, Data list, and repeater?
Which are the various modes of storing ASP.NET session?
How can we do caching in ASP.NET?
What is ViewState?
What are indexes and what is the difference between clustered and non-clustered?
How is stored procedure different from functions?
Whats the difference between web services and remoting?
Whats the difference between WCF and Web services?
What are end point, contract, address, and bindings?
What is WPF and silverlight?
What is LINQ and Entity framework?
Whats the difference between LINQ to SQL and Entity framework?
What are design patterns?
Which design patterns are you familiar with?
Can you explain singleton pattern?
What is MVC, MVP and MVVM pattern?
What is UML and which are the important diagrams?
What are different phases in a software life cycle?
What is Ajax and how does it help?
How did you do unit testing in your project?
What is Agile?
How did you do code reviews?
How did you convert requirements to technical document?

Chapter 2: Basic .NET Framework

What is an IL code?
Why IL code is not fully compiled?
Who compiles the IL code and how does it work?
How does JIT compilationwork?
What are different types of JIT?
What is Native Image Generator (Ngen.exe)?
So does it mean that NGEN.EXE will always improve performance?
What is a CLR?
What is the difference betweenmanaged and unmanaged code?
What is a garbage collector?
What are generations in Garbage collector (Gen 0, 1 and 2)?
Garbage collector cleans managed code, howdo we clean unmanaged code?
But when we create a destructor the performance falls down?
So how can we clean unmanaged objects and also maintain performance?
Can we force garbage collector to run?
What is the difference between finalize and dispose?
What is CTS?
What is a CLS (Common Language Specification)?
What is an Assembly?
What are the different types of Assembly?
What is Namespace?
What is Difference between NameSpace and Assembly?
What is ILDASM?
What is Manifest?
Where is the version information stored of an assembly?
Is versioning applicable to private assemblies?
What is the use of strong names?
What is Delay signing?
What is GAC?
How to add and remove an assembly from GAC?
If we have two versions of the same assembly in GAC how to we make a choice?
What is reflection?
What are stack and heap?
What are Value types and Reference types?
What is concept of Boxing and Unboxing?
How performance is affected due to boxing and unboxing?
How can we avoid boxing and unboxing?
How to prevent my .NET DLL to be decompiled?
What is the difference between Convert.toString and .toString () method?
How can we handle exceptions in .NET?
How can I know from which source the exception occurred?
What if we do not catch the exception?
What are system level exceptions and application level exceptions?
Can two catch blocks be executed?
What are different types of collections in .NET?
What is the difference between arraylist and list?
Are Arraylist faster or Arrays?
What are hashtable collections?
What are Queues and stack collection?
Can you explain generics in .NET?
Can you explain the concept of generic collection?
What is the difference between dictionary and hashtable?
What are the generic equivalent for array list,stack, queues and hashtable?
What is the use of IEnumerable, ICollection, Ilist and IDictionary?
What is code access security (CAS)?
So how does CAS actually work?
Is CAS supported in .NET 4.0?
What is sandboxing?
How can we create a windows service using .NET?
What is serialization and deserialization in .NET?
Can you mention some scenarios where we can use serialization?
When should we use binary serialization as compared to XML serialization?
Can you explain the concept of Short Circuiting?
What is the difference between Typeof and GetType?
Will the following c# code compile?

Chapter 3: OOPS
What is Object Oriented Programming?
What is a Class and object?
What are different properties provided by Object-oriented systems?
How can we implement encapsulation in .NET?
Whats the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?
How is inheritance implemented in .NET?
What are the two different types of polymorphism?
How can we implement static polymorphism?
How can we implement dynamic polymorphism?
What is the difference overriding and overloading?
What is operator overloading?
What are abstract classes?
What are abstract methods?
What is an Interface?
Do interface have accessibility modifier ?.
Can we create an object of abstract class or an interface?
What is difference between abstract classes and interfaces?
An abstract with only abstract method, how is it different from interfaces?
If we want to update interface with new methods, what is the best practice?
What is a delegate?
How can we create a delegate?
What is a multicast delegate?
What are Events?
What is the difference between delegate and events?
Do events have return type?
Can events have access modifiers?
Can we have shared events?
What is shadowing?
What is the difference between Shadowing and Overriding?
If we inherit a class do the private variables also get inherited?
How can we stop the class from further inheriting?
What is the use of Must inherit keyword in VB.NET?
What are similarities between Class and structure?
What is the difference between Class and structures?
What does virtual keyword mean?
What are shared (VB.NET)/Static(C#) variables?
What is ENUM?
What is nested Classes?
If you create the child class object which constructor will fire first?
In what instances you will declare a constructor to be private?
Can we have different access modifiers on get/set methods of a property?
Will the finally run in this code?
What is Indexer?
Can we have static indexer in C#?

Chapter 4: ADO.NET
What are the different components in ADO.NET?
What is the namespace in which .NET has the data functionality class?
When should we use System.Data.SqlClient and System.Data.OleDB ?
What is difference between dataset and data reader?
What is the use of command objects?
What are Dataset objects?
What is the use of data adapter?
What are basic methods of Data adapter?
How can we fire a simple SQL Statement using ADO?
How do we use stored procedure in ADO.NET and how do we provide parameters to the stored
procedures?
How can we force the connection object to close after my data reader is closed?
I want to force the data reader to return only schema of the data store rather than data.
How can we fine-tune the command object when we are expecting a single row?
Which is the best place to store connection string in .NET projects?
How do you fill the dataset?
What are the various methods provided by the dataset object to generate XML?
How can we save all data from dataset?
How can we check which rows have changed since dataset was loaded?
How can we add/remove row is in Data Table object of Dataset?
What is basic use of DataView?
What is the difference between Dataset and Data Reader?
How can we load multiple tables in a Dataset?
How can we add relation between tables in a Dataset?
What is the use of Command Builder?
Whats difference between Optimistic and Pessimistic locking?
How many ways are there to implement optimistic locking in ADO.NET?
How can do pessimistic locking?
How can we perform transactions in .NET?
What is difference between Dataset.Clone and Dataset.Copy?
Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Record set?
Explain in detail the fundamental of connection pooling?
What is Maximum Pool Size in ADO.NET Connection String?
How to enable and disable connection pooling?
What are themajor differences between classic ADO and ADO.NET?

Chapter 5: ASP.NET
What are the different events which fire ASP.NET page life cycle?
What are Httphandlers and HttpModules?
What is the difference between Httphandlers and HttpModules?
How do we write a Httphandler ?
How do we write anHttpModule?
Can you explain how ASP.NET application life cycle works?
In which event are the controls fully loaded?
How can we identify that the Page is Post Back?
What is the use of @ Register directives?
What is the use of Smart Navigation property?
What is AppSetting Section in Web.Config file?
Where is View State information stored?
How can we create custom controls in ASP.NET?
How many types of validation controls are provided by ASP.NET?
How can we force all the validation control to run?
How can we check if all the validation control are valid and proper?
If client side validation is enabled, will server side code still run ?
Which JavaScript file is referenced for validating the validators at the client side?
How to disable client side script in validators?
How can I show the entire validation error message in a message box on the client side?
If a validation is very complex what will you do ?
Can you explain AutoPostBack?
How can you enable automatic paging in Data Grid?
What is the use of GLOBAL.ASAX file?
What is the difference between Web.config and Machine.Config?
What is a SESSION and APPLICATION object?
What is the difference between Server.Transfer and response.Redirect ?
What is the difference between Authentication and authorization?
What is impersonation in ASP.NET?
What are the various ways of authentication techniques in ASP.NET?
Can you explain Forms authentication in detail?
How do I sign out in forms authentication?
If cookies are disabled how will forms authentication work?
How do we implement windows authentication?
How can we do single sign on in ASP.NET?
Can you explain membership and role providers in ASP.Net 2.0?
Can you explain master pages concept in ASP.NET?
So how do you create master pages?
What is the concept of Web parts?
What are partial classes in ASP.NET ?
What is the difference between data grid and grid view?
What is difference between Grid view, Data list, and repeater?
From performance point of view, how do they rate?
What is the method to customize columns in Data Grid?
How can we format data inside Data Grid?
How to decide on the design consideration to take a Data grid, data list, or repeater?
What are major events in GLOBAL.ASAX file?
How can we kill a user session?
How do you upload a file in ASP.NET?
How do I send email message from ASP.NET?
What are different IIS isolation levels?
ASP used STA threading model, what is the threading model used for ASP.NET.
What is the use of <%@ page aspcompat=true %> attribute?
Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
How to use a checkbox in a data grid?
What is the difference between Web farms and Web garden?
How do we configure Web Garden?
Whats the difference between trace and debug in ASP.NET?
How do you enable tracing in on an ASP.NET page?
Which namespace is needed to implement debug and trace ?
Can you explain the concept of trace listener?
What are trace switches?
What is an application object?
What is the use of cache object?
What is the difference between Cache object and application object?
How can get access to cache object?
What are dependencies in cache and types of dependencies?
Can you show a simple code showing file dependency in cache?
What is Cache Callback in Cache?
What is scavenging?
What are different types of caching using cache object of ASP.NET?
How can you cache different version of same page using ASP.NET cache object?
How will implement Page Fragment Caching?
Can you compare ASP.NET sessions with classic ASP?
Which are the various modes of storing ASP.NET session?
Do session use cookies?
Is Session_End event supported in all session modes?
Where do you specify session state mode in ASP.NET?
What are the other ways you can maintain state?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Hidden fields?
What is ViewState?
How do we ensure viewstate is not tampered?
Does the performance for viewstate vary according to User controls?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Viewstate for state management?
How can you use Hidden frames to cache client data ?
What are benefits and limitations of using Hidden frames?
What are benefits and limitations of using Cookies?
What is Query String and what are benefits and limitations of using Query Strings?
What is Absolute and Sliding expiration?
What is cross page posting?
How do we access viewstate value of the current page in the next page ?
Can we post and access view state in another ASP.NET page?
What is SQL Cache Dependency in ASP.NET 2.0?
How do we enable SQL Cache Dependency in ASP.NET 2.0?
What is Post Cache substitution?
Why do we need methods to be static for Post Cache substitution?
How do we encrypt web.config files in ASP.NET?
In .NET 1.X how was the encryption implemented for config files?
How do you send an email using ASP.NET ?
How did you deployment and setup in ASP.NET ?

Chapter 6: MVC (Model view controller)

What is MVC?
Can you explain the complete flow of MVC?
Is MVC suitable for both windows and web application?
What are the benefits of using MVC?
Is MVC different from a 3 layered architecture?
What is the latest version of MVC?
What is the difference between each version of MVC?
What are routing in MVC?
Where is the route mapping code written?
Can we map multiple URLs to the same action?
How can we navigate from one view to other view using hyperlink?
How can we restrict MVC actions to be invoked only by GET or POST?
How can we maintain session in MVC?
What is the difference between tempdata , viewdata and viewbag?
What are partial views in MVC?
How did you create partial view and consume the same?
How can we do validations in MVC?
Can we display all errors in one go?
What are the other data annotation attributes for validation in MVC?
How can we enable data annotation validation on client side?
What is razor inMVC?
Why razor when we already had ASPX?
So which is a better fit Razor or ASPX?
How can you do authentication and authorization in MVC?
How to implement windows authentication for MVC?
How do you implement forms authentication in MVC?
How to implement Ajax in MVC?
What kind of events can be tracked in AJAX ?
What is the difference between ActionResult and ViewResult?
What are the different types of results in MVC?
What are ActionFiltersin MVC?
Can we create our custom view engine using MVC?
How to send result back in JSON format in MVC?
What is WebAPI?
But WCF SOAP also does the same thing, so how does WebAPI differ?
With WCF also you can implement REST,So why "WebAPI"?
How to implement WebAPI in MVC?

Chapter 7: SQL SERVER

What is normalization? What are different types of normalization?
What is denormalization?
What are the different types of joins? What is the difference between them?
What is a candidate key?
What are indexes and what is the difference between clustered and nonclustered?
How can you increase SQL performance?
What is DTS?
What is fill factor ?
What is RAID and how does it work?
What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE TABLE?
If locking is not implemented, what issues can occur?
What are different transaction levels in SQL SERVER?
What are the different locks in SQL SERVER?
Can we suggest locking hints to SQL SERVER?
What is LOCK escalation?
What are the different ways of moving data between databases in SQL Server?
What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE?
What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL SQL syntax?
How can you raise custom errors from stored procedure?
What is ACID fundamental?
What is DBCC?
What is the purpose of Replication?
What are the different types of replication supported by SQL SERVER?
What is BCP utility in SQL SERVER?
What are the different types of triggers in SQl SERVER?
If we have multiple AFTER Triggers , can we specify sequence ?
What is SQL injection?
What is the difference between Stored Procedure and User Defined Function?

Chapter 8: Remoting, Web services and WCF

What is the Web services, remoting and WCF?
What is an application domain?
What is .NET Remoting?
Which class does the remote object has to inherit?
What are two different types of remote object creation mode in .NET remoting?
What are the basic steps to implement remoting?
What are drawbacks of remoting and how can we overcome the same?
What is a Web Service?
Whats the difference between web services and remoting?
What is UDDI?
What is DISCO?
What is WSDL?
What are the steps to create a web service and consume it?
How do we secure a web service?
Does web service have state?
What is SOA?
Whats the difference between WCF and Web services?
What are end point, contract, address, and bindings?
What are the main components of WCF?
What is a service contract, operation contract and Data Contract?
What are the various ways of hosting a WCF service?
How do we host a WCF service in IIS?
What are the advantages of hosting WCF Services in IIS as compared to self-hosting?
What are different bindings supported by WCF?
What is the difference between BasicHttpBinding and WsHttpBinding ?
Can we overload WCF service methods and functions?
What is a one-way operation?
In one way contract we do not get call back, how can we solve the same?
How can we host a service on two different protocols on a single server?
How can we integrate with WCF services with MSMQ?
How can we do security in WCF services?
In what scenarios will you use message security and transport security?
Where do we specify security option in WCF services?
What are the different ways of doing WCF concurrency?
What are different ways of doing WCF instancing?
What is REST?
How can we make WCF rest enabled?
Can we call two WCF services in one transaction?
How can we enable debugging and tracing on WCF services?
How are exceptions thrown in WCF? 196
What is the difference between WCF fault exceptions and .NET exceptions?

Chapter 9: WPF and Silverlight

What is WPF?
What is the need of WPF when we had windowsforms?
How does hardware acceleration work with WPF?
Does that mean WPF has replaced DirectX?
So can we define WPF in a precise way?
What is XAML?
So is XAML meant only for WPF ?
Can you explain the overall architecture of WPF?
Which are the different namespaces and classes in WPF ?
What is App.xaml in WPF project?
What are dependency properties?
Are XAML file compiled or built on runtime?
Can you explain how we can separate code and XAML?
How can we access XAML objects in behind code?
What is SilverLight?
Can SilverLight run in other platforms other than window?
Come on, even WPF runs under browser why SilverLight ?
Can SilverLight run in other platforms other than window?
What is the relationship between Silver Light, WPF and XAML?
What is XAP file in Silverlight?
Can you explain Sliver Light architecture?
What are the various basic steps to make a simple Silver Light application?
What are the different kinds of bindings in Silverlight?
How does Silverlight connect with databases?
What are the 2 important points we noted when we call WCF service from Silverlight?
What are the different ways of doing alignment in Silverlight and WPF?
What is expression blend?

Chapter 10:- LINQand Entity framework

Define LINQ?
How does LINQ help us from the perspective of business objects?
Can you explain how a basic LINQ Query looks like?
How do we write a LINQ query to search with criteria?
How can do a join using LINQ query?
How can we do a group by using LINQ query?
What are entity classes in LINQ?
How can we load the LINQ entity class ?
How do we define 1 to many and many to 1 relationship in LINQ?
How can we call a stored procedure using LINQ ?
How can we insert, update and delete using LINQ?
What are DBML files in LINQ?
What is Entity framework?
Whats the difference between LINQ to SQL and Entity framework?
What are CSDL, SSDL and MSL?
What is the work of EDMX file?
How can we browse using entity framework classes?
How can we add using EF?
How can we use stored procedures in entity frame work?
What are POCO classes in Entity framework?

Chapter 11: Design patterns,UML, Estimation and Project management

What are design patterns?
Which design patterns have you used in your project?
Can you explain singleton pattern?
Can you explain Faade pattern?
What is MVC, MVP and MVVM pattern?
What is MVC pattern?
How can we implement MVC in ASP.NET?
What is MVP?
What is MVVM?
What is the difference between MVC, MVP and MVVM and when to use what?
What is three-tier architecture? 235
Have you ever worked with Microsoft Application Blocks, if yes then which?
What is Service Oriented architecture?
What are different ways you can pass data between tiers?
What is UML?
How many types of diagrams are there in UML?
What are advantages of using UML?
How did you implement UML in your project?
What are different phases in a software life cycle?
Can you explain different software development life cycles?
What does Agile mean?
What is SCRUM?
What does product owner, product back log and sprint mean in SCRUM?
Can you explain how SCRUM flows?
Can you explain different roles in SCRUM?
When should we choose Agile and when should we choose waterfall?
What are some of the important metrics in project?
What is effort variance?
What is CAR (Causal Analysis and Resolution)?
What is DAR (Decision Analysis and Resolution)?
What is a fish bone diagram?
What is Pareto principle?
How do you handle change request?
What is internal change request?
What is difference between SITP and UTP in testing?
Which software have you used for project management?
People in your project do not perform, what will you do?
What is black box testing and White box testing?
What is the difference between Unit testing, Assembly testing and Regression testing?
What is V model in testing?
How do you start a project?
How did you do resource allocations?
How will you do code reviews?
What is CMMI?
What are the five levels in CMMI?
What is SIX sigma?
What are DMAIC and DMADV?
What are the various ways of doing software estimation?
What is function point estimation?
How did you estimate by using function points?
What is the FP per day in your current company?
What is SMC approach of estimation?
How do you estimate maintenance project and change requests?

Chapter 12: Ajax

What problem does Ajax solve?
What is Ajax?
What is the fundamental behind Ajax?
How do we use XMLHttpRequest object in JavaScript?
Can you explain Scriptmanager control in Ajax?
What is the use of update panel inAjax?
How do we consume web service in Ajax?
Can you explain the concept of triggers in UpdatePanel control?
Can you explain the UpdateProgress component?
How can you do validations in Ajax?
How do we do exception handling in Ajax?
What is JSON?
Do all technologies support JSON?
Chapter 13:- Reports
How do we access crystal reports in .NET?
What are the various components in crystal reports?
What basic steps are needed to display a simple report in crystal?
Can crystal reports be published as a web service?
How do we invoke the crystal report web service?
How do we add formulas using crystal reports?
How do we pass parameters to crystal reports?
How do we export from crystal reports?
How do we print to printer using crystal?
How do we generate cross tab reports?
How can we do grouping in crystal?
Can you explain three-pass reporting which crystal report uses?
Can you explain reporting services architecture?
We have two IIS application Reports and Reportserver what do they do?
Can you explain Report definition language (RDL) file in reporting services?
What is the basic process of making a report in reporting services?
How can we consume reports in ASP.NET?
Can you explain the difference between private and shared data sources?
How does reports caching in reporting services work?
What are the major differences between Crystal and SQL reporting services?

Chapter 14: Threading

What is Multi-tasking?
What is Multi-threading?
What is a Thread?
Did VB6 support multi-threading?
Can we have multiple threads in one App domain?
Which namespace has threading?
Can you explain in brief how can we implement threading?
How can we change priority and what the levels of priority are provided by .NET?
What does Address Of operator do in background?
How can you reference current thread of the method?
what is Thread.Sleep () in threading?
How can we make a thread sleep for infinite period?
What is Suspend and Resume in Threading?
What the way to stop a long running thread?
How do I debug thread?
What is Thread.Join () in threading?
What are Daemon threads and how can a thread be created as Daemon?
How is shared data managed in threading?
Can we use events with threading?
How can we know a state of a thread?
What is use of Interlocked class ?
What is a monitor object?
What are wait handles?
What is ManualResetEvent and AutoResetEvent?
What is Reader Writer Locks?
How can you avoid deadlock in threading?
What is TPL ( Task parallel library )?
What is the difference between thread and process?

Chapter 15: XML

What is XML?
What is the version information in XML?
What is ROOT element in XML?
If XML does not have closing tag will it work?
Is XML case sensitive?
What is the difference between XML and HTML?
Is XML meant to replace HTML?
Can you explain why your project needed XML?
What is DTD (Document Type Definition)?
What is well formed XML?
What is a valid XML?
What is CDATA section in XML?
What is XSL?
What is element and attributes in XML?
Which are the namespaces in .NET used for XML?
What are the standard ways of parsing XML document?
In What scenarios will you use a DOM parser and SAX parser?
How was XML handled during COM times?
What is the main difference between MSML and .NET Framework XML classes?
What are the core functionalities in XML .NET framework? Can you explain in detail those
functionalities?
What is XSLT?
Define XPATH?
What is the concept of XPOINTER?
What is an XMLReader Class?
What is XMLTextReader?
How do we access attributes using XmlReader?
Explain simple Walk through of XmlReader.
What does XmlValidatingReader class do?

Chapter 16: NET Interoperability

How can we use COM Components in .NET?
We have developed the COM wrapper do we have to still register the COM?
How can we use .NET components in COM?
How can we make Windows API calls in .NET?
When we use windows API in .NET is it managed or unmanaged code?
What is COM?
What is Reference counting in COM?
Can you describe IUKNOWN interface in short?
Can you explain what DCOM is?
How do we create DCOM object in VB6?
How to implement DTC in .NET?
How many types of Transactions are there in COM + .NET?
How do you do object pooling in .NET?
What are types of compatibility in VB6?
What is equivalent for regsvr32 exe in .NET?

Chapter 17: Windows workflow Foundation

What is Windows Workflow Foundation?
What is a Workflow?
What are different types of Workflow in Windows Workflow foundation?
when should we use a sequential workflow and when should we use state machines?
How do we create workflows using designer?
How do we specify conditions in Work flow?
How do you handle exceptions in workflow?
What is the use of XOML files.
How can we pass parameters to workflow?

Chapter 18: Extras

What is the difference between DEBUG and Release?
What is the use of DEBUG directive?
What does the word scalability, scale-up and scale-out means?
Can you write a simple c# code to display Fibonacci series?

Chapter 19: Learn .NET in 60 days

Chapter 20: Invoicing application end to end

Software Company hierarchy
Resume Preparation Guidelines
Salary Negotiation
Points to remember
Other interview questions Books by Shivprasad Koirala