Math 26 Students Course Guide page 1 of 4

Course Guide for

MATH 26
Analytic Geometry and Calculus I

Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics

College of Arts and Sciences
University of the Philippines Los Baos

MIDYEAR 2016

Welcome to MATH 26 (Analytic Geometry and Calculus I). This course is the first in a three-course series in Analytic
Geometry and Calculus offered here at U. P. Los Baos.

Prior to the 17th century, algebra and geometry were studied as separate unconnected fields of mathematics until two
French mathematicians, Rene Descartes (1596 1650) and Pierre de Fermat (1601 1655), developed analytic geometry
that uses algebraic operations and equations to solve geometric problems. This development shed new light on algebra by
exhibiting its equations as geometric curves and conversely giving birth to a new area of mathematics which we now refer
to as analytic geometry.

Calculus is based on the properties of numbers, and by using the Cartesian coordinate system, much of calculus can be
presented in geometric terms. Thus, analytic geometry was an ideal prelude to the invention of calculus.

The names generally associated with the invention of calculus are Sir Isaac Newton (English, 1642 1727) and Gottfried
Wilhelm von Leibniz (German, 1646 1716). Newton developed calculus as a tool for his inventions in physics and
astronomy. Leibniz was a universal genius who, independently of Newton, and almost simultaneously also developed
calculus.

The two basic processes of calculus are differentiation and integration. Differentiation gives the instantaneous rate of
change of a varying quantity, and integration measures the total effect of continuous change. The key to Newtons and
Leibnizs success in developing calculus was their insight into the ultimate relation between differentiation and integration
as inverse processes.

The principal objective of calculus is the analysis of problems of change and motion. These problems are fundamental
because we live in a world of ceaseless and constant change, filled with bodies of motion and with phenomena of ebb and
flow. Consequently, calculus remains a vibrant subject, and today this body of computational technique continues to serve
as the principal quantitative language of science and technology.
Calculus is essential in engineering, physical, biological and social sciences. Without calculus, one could not design radar
systems, cyclotrons, bridges and study the behavior of economic systems. It is also used to determine the orbits of earth
satellites and other cosmic systems and paths for space travel.

Calculus is generally considered to be one of the greatest intellectual achievements of mankind. Many of the scientific
discoveries that have shaped our civilization during the past three centuries would have been impossible without the use
of calculus.

So, we hope you will enjoy your semester with us in studying together the basics of Analytic Geometry and Calculus.
Maria Cristeta N. Cuaresma
Assistant Professor 7 in Mathematics
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Course Description

Equations of lines, second-degree equations; limits and continuity; derivatives of algebraic functions and its
applications; integrals and its applications.

Course Prerequisite

The prerequisite of this course is MATH 17 (Algebra and Trigonometry) or MATH 14 (Plane Trigonometry). It is
expected that you have already passed any of these courses.

Course Goals

Upon completion of the course, you should be able to understand the basic concepts of analytic geometry,
differentiation and integration of algebraic functions and their applications.

Course Objectives

Upon completion of the course, you should be able to:

1.! find the equation of a line

2.! prove geometric theorems analytically
3.! identify and sketch the graphs of second-degree equations
4.! evaluate limits of algebraic functions
5.! determine whether a function is continuous at a given point or interval
6.! interpret geometrically the concept of the derivative of a function
7.! find the derivative of algebraic functions
8.! sketch a curve using calculus and analytic geometry
9.! solve related rates and maxima-minima problems
10.! approximate the change in a function using differentials
11.! evaluate indefinite integrals and definite integrals and
12.! find plane areas using integration

Course Outline

Chapter 1. Analytic Geometry and the Conic Sections

1.1 Coordinates and Lines
1.2 Analytic Proof
1.3 Conic Sections
1.4 The Parabola
1.5 The Ellipse
1.6 The Hyperbola
1.7 General Second Degree Equations

Chapter 2. Limits and Continuity

2.1 The Limit of a Function
2.2 Theorems on limits of Functions
2.3 One-Sided Limits
2.4 Infinite Limits
2.5 Limits of Infinity
2.6 Continuity of a Function at a Number
2.7 Continuity on an Interval
2.8 The intermediate-Value Theorem
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Chapter 3. The Derivative and Differentiation

3.1 Definition of the Derivative and its Geometric Representation
3.2 Differentiability and Continuity, Right-hand and Left-hand Derivatives
3.3 Basic Theorems on Differentaition
3.5 Derivative of a Composite Function and the Chain Rule
3.6 Implicit Differentiation
3.7 Higher-Order Derivatives
3.8 Rolle's Theorem and The Mean-Value Theorem

Chapter 4. Application of the Derivatives

4.1 Rectilinear Motion
4.2 Related Rates
4.3 Curve Sketching
4.4 Maxima and Minima Problems
4.5 Differentials

Chapter 5. Antidifferentiation and the Definite Integral

5.1 Antidifferentiation and The Definite Integral
5.2 Basic Theorem on Antidifferentiation
5.3 The Chain Rule for Antidifferentiation
5.4 The Definite Integral and Area of a Plane Region
5.5 Theorems on Definite Integrals
5.6 Area of a Plane Region

Course Materials

1.! This course guide. Also available at the course e-group.

2.! Cuaresma, GA, et. al. (2004). Math 26 Worktext. Each student must have a copy of this worktext.
3. References:
Leithold, L. The Calculus with Analytic Geometry.
Leithold, L. TC7
Thomas Jr., G and Finney, R. Calculus and Analytic Geometry
Protter and Murray, Calculus with Analytic Geometry
Purcell, Calculus with Analytic Geometry
Peterson, Calculus with Analytic Geometry
4.! Lecture slides available at the course e-group.

House Rules for the Lecture and Recitation Sessions

1.! You are required to wear your ID every time you come to class.
2.! During exams, you will not be allowed to take the exam if you do not have a valid ID card.
3.! Any form of cheating (during exams and quizzes) will be dealt with accordingly. The forms of cheating and
the corresponding penalties can be seen in your Student Handbook.
4.! Should you be absent in a lecture or recitation session, you should present a valid excuse slip immediately
upon your return; otherwise, your absence will be considered unexcused.

Policy Statements

1.! The University Policy on Attendance applies. You are allowed to be absent for a maximum of 20% of the total
time. Wherefore, for MATH 26 the lecturer drops a student with a combined number of absences of at least 10 in
the lecture and recitation classes. Depending on whether the majority of incurred combined absences of the
student were excused or unexcused, the lecturer will give the student a grade of DRP or 5.0, appropriately.
Math 26 Students Course Guide page 4 of 4

2.! ABSOLUTELY NO MAKE-UP for missed quizzes or exercises.

3.! On Missed Midterm Exam or Pre-Final Exam: A departmental make-up exam is to be given to the students that
will give a valid excuse slip issued by their respective College Secretary. Schedule of the make-up exam will be
announced during the week of their missed exam.
Nevertheless, it is strongly encouraged that you should not miss the midterm and pre-final exam so that we can
prevent problems that may arise related to your grade in the course.

The Lecture Component

The lecture component shall be used by your lecturer to develop or introduce new topics. Examples shall be given
to reinforce the definition, theorems or other concepts. You are encouraged to ask questions; however, you should
use the microphone so that your lecturer and classmates can hear you. These boxes are located at the back of the
lecture hall during lecture time, otherwise outside my office.

Your lecturer shall assign a permanent seating arrangement. You must occupy your designated seat.

The Recitation Component

The recitation class is used primarily to reinforce the lecture. Some activities that you should expect in this class
are the following: exercises, discussion of assignments and additional examples, board works, group
discussions/activities or recitation.

Grading Scheme:

Midterm Exam 30%

Pre-final Exam 30%
Exercises/Quizzes/Assignments 40%

! If your pre-final standing is at least 65%, you are exempted from taking the final exam. In case you opt to take
the final exam, your final grade shall be computed as follows:

70% from the Pre-final grade

30% from the Final exam rating

! Sample computation of grade

Midterm Pre-final
E/Q/A Pre-final Grade Remarks
Exam Exam
96 97 96 96.30 1.0 Exempted

Pre-final grade = 0.4x96 + 0.3x97 + 0.3x96 = 96.30

! The standard Math Division transmutation table shall be used.

96 100 1.0 75 79 2.25

92 95 1.25 70 74 2.5
88 91 1.5 65 69 2.75
84 87 1.75 60 64 3.0
80 83 2.0 55 59 4.0
BELOW 55 5.0