Multiple Choice Questions

BCA

1. If all c(i, j )s and r(i, j)s are calculated, then OBST algorithm in worst case takes
one of the following time.
(a) O(n log n) (b) O(n3) (c) O(n2) (d) O(log n) (e) O(n4).

Ans : O(n3)
2. For a 15-puzzle problem let the initial arrangement be the following one,
then answer the questions 4 7 with the following arrangement.

10 13 15 7
9 1 4 14
12 8 6
11 2 5 3

What is the value of x used to find the reachability of the solution?

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 8 (d) 10 (e) 13.

Ans : 1

3. The upper bound on the time complexity of the nondeterministic

sorting algorithm is
(a) O(n) (b) O(n log n) (c) O(1) (d) O( log n) (e) O(n2).
Ans: O(n)

4. The worst case time complexity of the nondeterministic dynamic knapsack

algorithm is
(a) O(n log n) (b) O( log n) (c) O(n2) (d) O(n) (e) O(1).
Ans :O(n)

5. Recursive algorithms are based on

(a) Divideand conquer approach (b) Top-down approach
(c) Bottom-up approach (d) Hierarchical approach
(e) Heuristic approach.

Ans :Bottom-up approach

6. What do you call the selected keys in the quick sort method?
(a) Outer key (b)Inner Key (c) Partition key(d) Pivot key (e) Recombine key.
Ans :

7. How do you determine the cost of a spanning tree?

(a) By the sum of the costs of the edges of the tree
(b) By the sum of the costs of the edges and vertices of the tree
(c) By the sum of the costs of the vertices of the tree
(d) By the sum of the costs of the edges of the graph
(e) By the sum of thecosts of the edges and vertices of the graph.
Ans :By the sum of the costs of the edges of the tree
8. The time complexity of the normal quick sort, randomized quick sort algorithms in the
worst case is
(a) O(n2), O(n log n) (b) O(n2), O(n2) (c) O(n log n), O(n2) (d)
O(n log n), O(n log n) (e) O(n log n), O(n2 log n).

Ans :O(n2), O(n2)

9. Let there be an array of length N, and the selection sort algorithm is used to sort it,
how many times a swap function is called to complete the execution?
(a) N log N times (b) log N times (c) N2 times
(d) N-1 times (e) N times.

Ans :N-1 times

10. The Sorting methodwhich is used for external sort is

(a) Bubble sort (b) Quick sort (c) Merge sort
(d) Radix sort (e) Selection sort.

Ans :Radix sort

11. In analysis of algorithm, approximate relationship between the size of the job and
the amount of work required to do is expressed by using _________
(a) Central tendency (b) Differential equation (c) Order of execution (d)
Order of magnitude (e) Order of Storage.

Ans :Order of execution

12. Worst case efficiency of binary search is

(a) log2 n + 1
(b) n
(c) N2
(d) 2n
(e) log n.

Ans : log2 n + 1

13. For defining the best time complexity, let f (n) = log n and g (n) = n, _________
(a)f (n) (g(n)), but g(n) (f(n)) (b) f (n) (g(n)), but g(n) (f(n))
(c)f (n) (g(n)), and g(n) (f(n)) (d) f (n) (g(n)), and g(n) (f(n))

Ans :f (n) (g(n)), but g(n) (f(n))

14. For analyzing an algorithm, which is better computing time?

(a)O (100 Log N) (b) O (N) (c)O (2N) (d) O (N logN) (e) O (N2).
Ans :O (100 Log N)

15. Let f, t: NR 0, and t (n) O (f (n)) iff t(n) c.f (n) where cis positive real
constant andn no, then no is ___________
(a) Upper bound (b)Lower bound (c) Duality value
(d) Threshold value (e) Maximum value.

Ans :Lower bound

16. Consider the usual algorithm for determining whether a sequence of parentheses is
balanced. What is the maximum number of parentheses that will appear on the stack
AT ANY ONE TIME when the algorithm analyzes: (()(())(()))
(a) 1 (b)2 (c)3 (d) 4

Ans :3

17. Breadth first search __________

(a) Scans each incident node along with its children.
(b) Scans all incident edges before moving to other node.
(c) Issame as backtracking
(d) Scans all the nodes in random order.

Ans :Scans all incident edges before moving to other node.

18. Which method of traversal does not use stack to hold nodes that are waiting to be
processed?
(a) Dept First (b) D-search (c)Breadth first
(d) Back-tracking

Ans :Breadth first

19. The Knapsack problem where the objective function is to minimize the profit is
______
(a) Greedy (b) Dynamic 0 / 1 (c) Back tracking
(d) Branch & Bound 0/1

Ans :Branch & Bound 0/1

20. Choose the correct answer for the following statements:

I. The theory of NPcompleteness provides a method of obtaining a
polynomial time for NPalgorithms.
II. All NP-complete problem are NP-Hard.
(a) I is FALSE and II is TRUE (b) I is TRUE and II is FALSE
(c) Both are TRUE (d) Both are FALSE

Ans :I is FALSE and II is TRUE

21. The Hamiltonian cycles problem uses the following line of code to generate a
next vertex, provided x[ ] is a global array and kth vertex is under consideration:
(a) x[k] (x[k] + 1) mod n (b) x[k] (x[k]) mod (n)
(c) x[k] (x[k] + 1) mod (n+1) (d) x[k] x[k+1] mod n

Ans :x[k] (x[k] + 1) mod (n+1)

22. The graph colouringalgorithms time can be bounded by _________

(a) O(mnm) (b) O(nm) (c) O(nm. 2n) (d) O(nmn).

Ans :O(nmn).
23. For 0/1 KNAPSACK problem, the algorithm takes ________ amount of time for
 memory table, and ______time to determine the optimal load, for N objects and
W as the capacity of KNAPSACK.
(a) O(N+W), O(NW) (b) (NW),O(N+W) (c)O(N),O(NW) (d) O(NW),O(N)

Ans :(b) (NW),O(N+W)

24. Sorting is not possible by using which of the following methods?

(a) Insertion (b) Selection (c) Deletion (d) Exchange

Ans :Deletion

25. What is the type of the algorithm used in solving the 8 Queens problem?
(a)Backtracking (b) Dynamic (c) Branch and Bound (d) DandC

Ans :Backtracking

26. The following are the statements regarding the NP problems. Chose the right option
from the following options:
I. All NP-complete problems are not NP-hard.
II. SomeNP-hard problems are not known to be NP-complete.
(a) Both (I) and (II) are true
(b) Both (I) and (II) are false
(c) Only (I) is true
(d) Only (II) is true

Ans :Only (II) is true

27. Let G be a graph with n nodes and let m be the chromatic number of the graph.
Then the time taken by the backtracking algorithm to color it is
(a) O(nm)
(b) O(n+m)
(c) O(mnm)
(d) O(nmn).

Ans :O(nmn).
28. The time complexity of the shortest path algorithm can be bounded by
(a) O(n2)
(b) O(n4)
(c) O(n3)
(d) O(n)
(e) O(n log n ).

Ans :O(n3)
29. Read the following statements carefully and pick the correct option:
I. The worst time complexity of the Floyds algorithm is O(n3). II.
The worst time complexity of the Warshalls algorithm is O(n3).
(a) (I) is false but (II) is true
(b) (I) is true but (II) is false
(c) Both (I) and (II) are true
(d) (I) is true and (II) is not true always
 (e) Both (I) and (II) are false.

Ans :Both (I) and (II) are true

30. Theasymptotic notation for defining the average time complexity is

(a) Equivalence
(b) Symmetric
(c) Reflexive
(e) Both (c) and (d) above.

Ans :Equivalence

31. For the bubble sort algorithm, what is the time complexity of the best/worst case?
(assume that the computation stops as soon as no more swaps in one pass)
(a) best case: O(n) worst case: O(n*n)
(b) best case: O(n) worst case: O(n*log(n))
(c) best case: O(n*log(n)) worst case: O(n*log(n))
(d) best case: O(n*log(n)) worst case: O(n*n)

Ans : best case: O(n) worst case: O(n*n)

32. For the quick sort algorithm, what is the time complexity of the best/worst case?
(a) best case: O(n) worst case: O(n*n)
(b) best case: O(n) worst case: O(n*log(n))
(c) best case: O(n*log(n)) worst case: O(n*log(n))
(d) best case: O(n*log(n)) worst case: O(n*n)

Ans :best case: O(n*log(n)) worst case: O(n*n)

33. In an arbitrary tree ( not a search tree) of order M. Its size is N, and its height is K.
The computation time needed to find a data item on T is
(a) O(K*K)
(b) O(M*M)
(c) O(N)
(d) O(K)

Ans : O(N)

34. Which of the following belongs to the algorithm paradigm?

(a) Minimum & Maximum problem
(b) Knapsack problem
(c) Selection problem
(d) Merge sort
(e) Quick sort.

Ans : Knapsack problem

35. If f,t: N R+, then t (n) (f (n)), iff f(n) O (t (n)) is known as
(a) Limit rule
(b) Rule of inference
(c) Duality rule
(d) Rule of consequences
36. The time taken by NP-class sorting algorithm is
(a) O(1)
(b) O(log n)
(c) O(n2)
(d) O(n)

Ans :O(n)

37. Find the odd one out from the following categories of algorithms.
(a) TVSP
(b) N-Queens
(c) 15-Puzzle
(d) Bin-Packing.

Ans : Bin-Packing.

38. The time complexity of binary search in best, worst cases for an array of size N is
(a) N, N2
(b) 1, Log N
(c) Log N, N2
(d) 1, N log N

Ans : 1, Log N

39. Which of following algorithm scans the list by swapping the entries whenever pair
of adjacent keys are out of desired order?
(a) Insertion sort
(b) Quick sort
(c) Shell sort
(d) Bubble sort

Ans : Bubble sort

40. The mathematical definition for Omega can be defined as, provided f,g:NR+ and c is
a positive constant and n > n0,
(a) f(n) c. g(n) n
(b) f(n) = c. g(n) n
(c) f(n) c + g(n) n
(d) f(n) = c + g(n) n

Ans : f(n) c. g(n) n

41. The notation is

(a) Symmetric
(b) Reflexive
(c) Transitive
(d) (a), (b) and (c) above.

Ans : (a), (b) and (c) above.

42 From the following choose the one which belongs to the algorithm paradigm other than
. to which others from the following belongs to.
(a) Minimum & Maximum problem
(b) Knapsack problem
(c) Selection problem
(d) Merge sort

Ans : Knapsack problem

43 Pick the correct statement(s) from the following set of statements.

I. In the Kruskals algorithm, for the construction of minimal spanning tree for a graph,
the selected edges always form a forest.
.
II. In Prims algorithm, for the construction of minimal spanning tree for a graph, the
selected edges always form an orchard.
III. DFS, BFS algorithms always make use of a queue, and stack respectively.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Only (II) above
(c) Only (III) above
(d) Both (I) and (III) above

Ans : Only (I) above

44. Identify the name of the sorting in which time is not proportional to n2.
(a) Selection sort
(b) Bubble sort
(c) Qucik sort
(d) Insertion sort.

Ans : Insertion sort

45. The optimal solution to a problem is a combination of optimal solutions to its sub-
problems. This is known as
(a) Principleof Duality
(b) Principle of Feasibility
(c) Principle of Optimality
(d) Principle of Dynamicity.

Ans : Principle of Optimality

46. Which of the following versions of merge sort algorithm does uses space efficiently?
(a) Contiguous version
(b) Array version
(c) Linked version
(d) Structure version
(e) Heap version.

Ans : Linked version

47. Identify the correct problem for multistage graph from the list given below.
(a) Resource allocation problem
(b) Traveling salesperson problem
(c) Producer consumer problem
(d) Barbers problem
 Ans : Resource allocation problem

48. How many edges are there in a Hamiltonian cycle if the edge cost is c and the
cost of cycle is cn
(a)c (b) cn
(c)n (d) 2c

Ans :n.

49. A problem L is NP-complete iff L is NP-hard and

(a) L NP
(b) L NP
(c) L NP
(d) L = NP

Ans : L NP

50. What would be the cost value for any answering node of a sub tree with root r
using branch-bound algorithm?
(a) Maximum
(b) Minimum
(c) Optimal
(d) Average

Ans: Minimum

51. Name the node which has been generated but none of its children nodes have
been generated in state space tree of backtracking method.
(a) Dead node
(b) Live node
(c) E-Node
(d) State Node

Ans: Livenode

52. How many nodes are there in a full state space tree with n = 6?
(a) 65
(b) 64
(c) 63
(d) 32

Ans : 63

53. This algorithm scans the list by swapping the entries whenever pair of
adjacent keys are out of desired order.
(a) Insertion sort.
(b) Bubble sort.
(c) Shell sort.
(d) Quick sort.

Ans: Bubble sort.

 54. The notation is
(a) Symmetric
(b) Reflexive
(c) Transitive
(d) B & C only

Ans: Transitive

55. From the following chose the one which belongs to the algorithm paradigm
other than to which others from the following belongs to.
(a) Minimum & Maximum problem.
(b) Knapsack problem.
(c) Selection problem.
(d) Merge sort.

Ans: Knapsack problem.

56. To calculatec(i, j )s, w( i, j)s and r(i, j)s; the OBST algorithm in worst case takes
the following time.
(a) O(log n)
(b) O (n4)
(c) O (n3)
(d) O (n log n)

Ans: O (n3)
57. What is the type of the algorithm used in solving the 4 Queens problem?
(a) Greedy
(b) Dynamic
(c) Branch and Bound
(d) Backtracking.

Ans: Backtracking.

58.In Knapsack problem, the best strategy to get the optimal solution, where Pi, Wi is the
Profit, Weight associated with each of the Xith object respectively is to
(a) Arrange the values Pi/Wi in ascending order
(b) Arrange the values Pi/Xi in ascending order
(c) Arrange the values Pi/Wi in descending order
(d) Arrange the values Pi/Xi in descending order

Ans: Arrange the values Pi/Xi in descending order

59.Greedy job scheduling with deadlines algorithms complexity is defined as

(a) O(N)
(b) ( n log n)
(c) O (n2 log n)
(d) O ( n log n)

Ans: O(N)
60.The divide and conquer merge sort algorithms time complexity can be defined as
(a) (long n)
(b) (n)
(c) (n log n)
(d) (n log n)

Ans: (n log n)

61. In analysis of algorithm, approximate relationship between the size of the job and
the amount of work required to do it is expressed by using
(a) Order of magnitude or Big - O
(b) Central tendency
(c) Differential equation
(d) Polynomial equation

Ans: Order of magnitude or Big - O

62.Worst case efficiency of binary search is

(a) log2 n + 1
(b) n
(c) N2
(d) 2n
Ans: log2 n + 1

63.Worst case efficiency of which search is O(n)?

(a) Sequential search
(b) Binary search
(c) Indexed search
(d) Hashing

Ans: Sequential search

64. Breadth first search

(a) Scans all incident edges before moving to other vertex
(b) Scans adjacentunvisited vertex as soon as possible
(c) Is same as backtracking
(d) Computes a path between two vertices of graph or equivalently

Ans: Scans all incident edges before moving to other vertex

65. Which of the following searching methods requires that all keys must reside
in internal memory?
(a) Binary search
(b) Sequential search
(c) Hashing
(d) Depth first search

Ans: Binary search

66. Which of the following formulas in Omega notation best represent the expression
 n+35n+6?
(a) (n) (b) (n) (c) (n) (d) (35)

Ans: (n)

67. What term is used to describe an O(n) algorithm?

(a) Constant (b) Non Polynomial Deterministic
(c) Logarithmic (d) Linear.

Ans: Linear.

68. Express the formula (n - 2)*(n - 4) using notation:

(a) (n2) (b) (8) (c) (log n) (d) (n)

Ans: (n2)
69. Read the following statements carefully and pick the right most option.
I. A linear algorithm to solve a problem must perform faster than a
quadratic algorithm to solve the same problem.
II. An algorithm with worst case time behavior of 3n takes at least 30 operations
for every input of size n=10.
(a) Both (I) and (II) are TRUE
(b) Both (I) and (II) are FALSE
(c) (I) is TRUE but (II) is FALSE
(e) (I) is FALSE and (II) is TRUE.

Ans: (I) is TRUE but (II) is FALSE

70. Which of the following are essential statement types for describing algorithms?
(a) Sequence (b) Selection (c) Repetition (d) All the above

Ans: All the above

71. When we say an algorithm has a time complexity of O (n), what does it mean?
(a) The algorithm has n nested loops
(b) The computation time taken by the algorithm is proportional to n
(c) The algorithm is n times slower than a standard algorithm
(d) There are n number of statements in the algorithm

Ans: The computation time taken by the algorithm is proportional to n

72. Can we read a data item at any location of a list within a constant time (i.e.
O(1))?
(a) Yes
(b) Yes, only if the list is implemented by pointers (i.e. linked-list)
(c) Yes, only if the list is implemented by an array
(d) No, we need O(n) computation steps no matter what kind
of implementation is used
 Ans: Yes, only if the list is implemented by an array

73. Sequential search has a time complexity of O(n), and binary search has a time
complexity of O(log(n)). What difference will it make when the size n is 1000?
(a) You would not notice much difference because computers run very fast
anyway
(b) As n is 1000, binary search is twice as fast as sequential search
(c) As n is 1000, binary search is 10 times as fast as sequential search
(d) As n is 1000, binary search is 100 times as fast as sequential search.

Ans: As n is 1000, binary search is 100 times as fast as sequential search.

74. Readthe following statements carefully, and choose the correct answer.
I. The notation is Anti Symmetric.
II. The big Oh notation is Semi Equivalence.
(a) (I) is FALSE but (II) is TRUE (b) Both (I), (II) are TRUE
(c) (I) is TRUE but(II) is FALSE (d) Both (I), (II) are FALSE

Ans: Both (I), (II) are TRUE

75. Find the odd one out.

(a) Merge Sort (b)TVSP Problem (c) KnapSack Problem(d) OBST Problem

Ans:Merge Sort

76. How many minimum number of spanning trees, one can have from a given
connected graph with N nodes is having different weights for the edges.
(a)N-1 (b) One (c) 1/(N+1) 2NCN (d) 2NCN

Ans: one

77. The mathematical definition for Omega can be defined as, provided f,g:NR+ and c
is a positive constant and n > n0,
(a) f(n) c. g(n) n
(b) f(n) c. g(n) n
(c) f(n) c + g(n) n
(d) f(n) c + g(n) n
(e) f(n) g(n) n.

Ans:f(n) c. g(n) n
 78. The OBST algorithm in worst case takes _______ time if all c(i, j )s and r(i, j)s are
calculated.
(a) O(log n) (b) O(n4) (c) O(n3) (d) O(n log n)
Ans: O(n3)

79. The notation is __________

I. Symmetric.
II. Reflexive.
III. Transitive.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Only (II) above
(c) Only (III) above
(d) All (I), (II) and (III) above.

Ans:All (I),(II) and (III) above.

80. Breadth first search uses __________ as an auxiliary structure to hold nodes for
future processing.
(a) Stack (b) Linked list (c) Graph (d) Queue.
Ans : Queue

81. From the following pick the one which does not belongs to the same paradigm to which
others belongs to.
(a) Minimum & Maximum problem
(b) Knapsack problem
(c) Selection problem
(d) Merge sort

Ans:Knapsack problem

82. Primsalgorithm is based on _____________ method

a. Divide and conquer method c. Dynamic programming
b. Greedy method d. Branch and bound

Ans. Greedy Method

83. The amount of memory needs to run to completion is known as_____________
a. Space complexity c. Worst case
b. Time complexity d. Best case

Ans: Space complexity

84. The amount of time needs to run to completion is known as____________

a. Space complexity c. Worst case
b. Time complexity d. Best case
Ans: Time complexity

85. __________ is the minimum number of steps that can executed for the given
parameters
a. Average case c. Worst case
b. Time complexity d. Best case
Ans: Best case
86. __________ is the maximum number of steps that can executed for the given
parameters

a. Average case c. Worst case

b. Time complexity d. Best case

Ans:Worst case

87. __________ is the average number of steps that can executed for the given
parameters
a. Average case c. Worst case
b. Time complexity d. Best case
Ans: Average Case
88. Testing of a program consists of 2 phases which are ______________________
and ____________
a. Average case & Worst case b. Time complexity & Space complexity
c. Validation and checking errors d. Debugging and profiling

Ans: Debugging and profiling

89. Worst case time complexity of binary search is ______________
a. O(n) b. O(logn)
c. (nlogn) d. (logn)

Ans: (logn)

90. Best case time complexity of binary search is ______________

a. O(n) c. (nlogn)
b. O(logn) d. (logn)

Ans: (logn)

91. Average case time complexity of binary search is ______________

a. O(n) c. (nlogn)
b. O(logn) d. (logn)
Ans: (logn)

92. Merge sort invented by _____________

a. CARHOARE c. HAMILTON
b. JOHN VON NEUMANN d. STRASSEN

Ans : JOHN VON NEUMANN

93. Quick sort invented by _____________

a. CARHOARE c. HAMILTON
b. JOHN VON NEUMANN d. STRASSEN
Ans : CARHOARE
94. Worst case time complexity of Quick sort is ______________

a. O(n2log7) c. O(nlogn)
b. O(n2) d. O(logn)
Ans : O(n2)

95. Best case time complexity of Quick sort is ______________

a. O(n2logn) c. O(nlogn)
b. O(logn) d. O(logn2)

Ans : O(nlogn)

96. Average case time complexity of Quick sort is ______________

a. (nlogn) b. O(logn)
c. O(nlogn) d. (logn) Ans : O(nlogn)

97. Which design strategy stops theexecution when it find the solution otherwise starts
the problem from top
a. Back tracking c. Divide and conquer
b. Branch and Bound d. Dynamic programming

Ans: Back Tracking

98. Graphical representation of algorithm is _____________________

a. Pseudo-code c. Graph Coloring
b. Flow Chart d. Dynamic programming
Ans: Flow Chart

99. In pseudo-code conventions input express as __________

a. input c. Read
b. Write d. Return

Ans : Write
100. In pseudo-code conventions output express as __________
a. input c. Read
b. Write d. Return
Ans : Read

101. Performance based criteria of algorithm , which has to do with its computing time is
_______________
a. Time Complexity c. Input
b. Space Complexity d. Finiteness

Ans : Time Complexity

102. Performance based criteria of algorithm , which has to do with its storage
requirements is _______________
a. Time Complexity c. Input
b. Space Complexity d. Finiteness
Ans :Space Complexity
103. O(1) means computing time is __________________
a. Constant c. Quadratic
b. Linear d. Cubic
Ans : Constant

104. O(n) means computing time is __________________

a. Constant c. Quadratic
b. Linear d. Cubic
Ans: Linear

105. O(n2) means computing time is __________________

a. Constant c. Quadratic
b. Linear d. Cubic

Ans : Quadratic

106. O(n3) means computing time is __________________

a. Exponential c. Quadratic
b. Linear d. Cubic
Ans :Cubic

107. O(2n) means computing time is __________________

a. Constant c. Quadratic
b. Linear d. Exponential
Ans : Exponential

108. Application of quicksort _________

a. Graphic card c. Data Processing
b. Tape sorting d. Card Sorting

Ans : Graphic card

109. Application of mergesort _________

a. Graphic card b. Networking
c. Card Sorting d. Data Processing
Ans : Data Processing

110. The method will choosing when sub problems share sub problems
a. Divideand conquer c. Greedy method
b. Dynamic programming d. Back tracking

Ans : Dynamic programming

111. Time complexity of given algorithm

Algorithm Display (A)
{
For I:=0 to n-1
{
For J:=0 to n-1
{
Write A;
}
}
}

a. 2n2+4n+4 c. 2n2+n
b. 2n2+4n+2 d. 2n2-1
Ans : 2n2+4n+2

112. The sorting , which works very well for small file is ______________
a. Count sort c. Selection sort
b. Merge sort d. Quick sort

Ans: Selection sort

113. Merge sort is _________.

a. Externalsorting c. Insertion sorting
b. Internal sorting d. Exponential sorting
Ans : External sorting

114. __________ is a step-by-step procedure for calculations

a. Program c. Algorithm
b. Greedy Method d. Problem

Ans : Algorithm

115. Advantage of finding maximum and minimum using divide and conquer method
instead of using conditional operators is __________________
a. Reduce Space complexity c. Get accurate value
b. Reduce Time complexity d. Simple calculations

Ans :Reduce Time complexity

116. Given two non-negative functions f(n)= 5n2+6n+1 and g(n)=n2 . Calculate upper
bound value ,C
a. C=5 c. C=12
b. C=6 d. C=11
Ans : C=12

117. Given two non-negative functions f(n)= 6n2+5n+1 and g(n)=n2 . Calculate lower bound
value ,C
a. C=5 c. C=12
b. C=6 d. C=11
Ans : C=6

118. The functions f &g are non-negative functions. The function f(n)=O(g(n)) if and only
if there exist positive constants c& n0 such that __________ for all n, n n0
a. f(n)C*g(n) c. f(n) = C*g(n)
b. f(n) C*g(n) d. f(n) != C*g(n)

Ans : f(n) C*g(n)

119. The functions f & g are non-negative functions. The function f(n)=(g(n)) if and only
if there exist positive constants c& n0 such that ___________ for all n, n n0
a. f(n) C*g(n) c. f(n) = C*g(n)
b. f(n) C*g(n) d. f(n) != C*g(n)

Ans : f(n) C*g(n)

120. The functions f & g are non-negative functions. The function f(n)=(g(n)) if and only
if there exist positive constants c1,c2 & n0 such that ________for all n, n n0
a. C2*g(n) f(n) C1*g(n) c. C2*g(n) f(n) = C1*g(n)
b. C2*g(n)!= f(n) = C1*g(n) d. C2*g(n) f(n) = C1*g(n)

Ans :C2*g(n) f(n) C1*g(n)

121. Tight bound is denoted as _______

a. c.
b. d. O

Ans :

122. Upper bound is denoted as _______

a. c.
b. d. O

Ans : O

123. lower bound is denoted as _______

a. c.
b. d. O

Ans :

124. The function f(n)=o(g(n)) if and only if Limit f(n)/g(n)=0n->

a. Little oh b. Little omega
b. Big oh d. Omega
Ans : Little oh

125. The functionf(n)=o(g(n)) if and only if Limit g(n)/f(n)=0 n->

a. Little oh b. Little omega
b. Big oh d. Omega
Ans : Little omega
126. Thegeneralcriteriaof algorithm;zero or more quantities are externally supplied is
______
a. Output b. Finiteness
b. Effectiveness d. Input
Ans : Input

127. The general criteria of algorithm; at least one quantity is produced ______
a. Output b. Finiteness
b. Effectiveness d. Input
Ans : Output

128. The general criteria of algorithm; Each instruction is clear and unambiguous ______
a. Output b. Definiteness
b. Effectiveness d. Input
Ans : Definiteness

129. The general criteria of algorithm; algorithm must terminates after a finite number
of steps ______
a. Output b. Finiteness
b. Effectiveness d. Input
Ans : Finiteness

130. Which is not a criteria of algorithm

a. Input b. Output
b. Time complexity d. Best case
Ans : Best case

131. Which is not in general criteria of algorithm

a. Input b. Output
b. Time complexity d. Effectiveness
Ans : Time complexity
132. Time complexity of given algorithm
Algorithm Display(A)
{
S:=0.0;
For i:=0 to n-1
{
S:=S+A[i];
Return S;
}
}

a. 4n+4 c. 4n2+4
b. 2n2+2n+2 d. 4n+4
Ans : 4n+4

133. Time complexity of given algorithm

AlgorithmSum(A,S)
{
for i:=1 to n-1
{
for j:=2 to n-1
{
S:=S+i+j;
return S;
}
}
}

a. 6n2-14n+4 c. 4n2+6n+12
b. 6n2+14n+10 d. 6n2-14n+10
Ans :6n2-14n+10

134. kruskal algorithm is based on ___________method

a. Divide and conquer method b. Greedy method
c. Dynamic programming d. Branch and bound
Ans. Greedy method

135. Prims algorithm is based on _____________ method

a. Divide and conquer method c. Dynamic programming
b. Greedy method d. Branch and bound
Ans. Greedy Method

136. The output of Kruskal and Prims algorithm is ________________

a. Maximum spanning tree c. Spanning tree
b. Minimum spanning tree d. None of these
Ans. Minimum spanning tree

137. Cost of minimum spanning tree , from the following diagram is ____________

a 23 d 12
10 11
20 4 f
c 7 h
6 17
2 e
b
16

a. 40 c. 41
b. 39 d. 47
Ans. 40
138. which is not feasible solution in the case of job sequence problem
item : 1 2 3 4
profit : 100 10 15 27
deadline : 2 1 2 1
a. (1,4) c. (4,3)
b. (2,4) b. (1,2)
Ans. (2,4)
139. which isoptimal value in the case of job sequence problem
item : 1 2 3 4 5
profit : 20 15 10 5 1
deadline : 2 2 3 3 3
a. (1,3,4) c. (4,2,3)
b. (1,2,4) d. (1,5,2)
Ans. (1,2,4)
140. which is optimal value in the case of job sequence problem
item : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
profit : 3 5 20 18 1 6 30
deadline : 1 3 4 3 2 1 2
a. (1,5,6,4) c. (7,6,4,3)
b. (2,3,1,7) b. (1,2,3,4)
Ans. (7,6,4,3)
141. which is optimal value in the case of fractional knapsack problem, capacity of
knapsack is 20
item : 1 2 3
profit : 25 24 15
weight : 18 15 10
a. 498 c. 480
b. 499 d. 485
Ans. 498
142. which is optimal value in the case of fractional knapsack problem, capacity of
knapsack is 10
item : 1 2 3 4 5
profit : 12 32 40 30 50
weight : 4 8 2 6 1
a. 345 c. 384
b. 354 d. 350
Ans. 354

143. 4 -Queen problem what is the space complexity

 a. O(|V|)
b. O(|E|)
c. O(|V|+|E|)
d. O(|V2|)
Ans.O(|V|)

144. In the case of Fibnocci heap the running time of Prim's algorithm is _________
a. O(E log V)
b. O(V log E)
c. O( log V)
d. O(E log E)
Ans. O(E log V)
145. Time complexity of 4-queen problem
a. O(|V|)
b. O(|E|)
c. O(|V|+|E|)
d. O(|V2|)
Ans.O(|V|+|E|)

146. If the graph is represented as an adjacency matrix then the time complexity
of Kruskal's algorithm is ____________
a. O(E log V)
b. O(VlogE)
c. O(V2)
d. O(logE)
Ans. O(E log V)
147. BFS is best compared to DFS in the case of ________________
a. The graphs width is large
b. The graphs depth is large
c. The graph consists of many nodes
d. The graph is complex
Ans. The graphs depth is large
148. The timecomplexity of Strassen's algorithm is ___________
a. O(E log V)
b. O(V2)
c. O(nlog7)
d. O(log n7)
Ans. O(nlog7)
149. By Strassen's equation what is wrong in the following equation
a. p1=(a+d)(e+h) c. c.p3=(a-c)(e+f)
b. b.p2=(-e+g)d d. d.p4=(a+b)h
Ans. p2=(-e+g)d
150. By Strassen's equation what is wrong in the following equation
a. p1=(a+d)(e+h) c. c.p3=(a-c)(e+f)
b. b.p7=(-e+g)d d. d.p4=(a-b)h
Ans. p4=(a-b)h
151. The advantage of selecting maxmin algorithm using divide and conquer
method compared to staightmaxmin algorithm is _____
a. Less time complexity c. High accuracy
b. Less space complexity d. High time complexity

Ans. Less time complexity

152. The number of comparisons of elements for best case is ____________ in the case
of maxmin algorithm based on divide and conquer method
a. 3n/2 c. n/4
b. n/2 d. n-1
ans. 3n/2
153. The number of comparisons of elements for average case is ____________ in the
case of maxmin algorithm based on divide and conquer method
a. 3n/2 c. n/4
b. n/2 d. n-1
ans. 3n/2

154. The number of comparisons of elements for worst case is ____________ in the case
of maxmin algorithm based on divide and conquer method
a. 3n/2 c. n/4
b. n/2 d. n-1
ans. 3n/2

155. The method which stops the execution ,if it find the solution. Otherwise it start from
the top
a. Branch and bound c. Dynamic programming
b. Back tracking d. Divide and conquer
Ans. Back tracking

156. Which is not return optimal solution from the following methods
a. Dynamic programming c. Backtracking
b. Branch and bound d. Greedy method
Ans. Backtracking

157. In the case ofsub problems share sub problems ,which method is suitable
a. greedy method c. branch and bound
b. dynamic programming d. divide and conquer
ans. Dynamic programming

158. The method which return different solutions from a single point ,which is
_________
a. greedy method c. branch and bound
b. dynamic programming d. divide and conquer
ans. Greedy method

159. ByQuicksortalgorithm from where is first partition done in the following array

2 8 7 1 3 5 6 4

a. 5 c. 3
b. 4 d. 1
Ans. 3

160. Binpackingproblem is the application of ____________

a. Knapsack c. Branch and bound
b. Back tracking d. Dynamic programming
Ans. Knapsack

161. job sequencing with deadline is based on ____________method

a. greedy method c. branch and bound
b. dynamic programming d. divide and conquer
ans. Greedy method

162. fractional knapsack is based on ____________method

a. greedy method c. branch and bound
b. dynamic programming d. divide and conquer
ans. Greedy method

163. 0/1 knapsack is based on ____________method

a. greedy method c. branch and bound
b. dynamic programming d. divide and conquer
ans. Dynamic programming

164. The files x1,x2,x3 are 3 files of length 30,20,10 records each. What is the optimal
merge pattern value?
a. 110 c. 60
b. 90 d. 50
Ans. 90

165. The optimal merge pattern is based on _________ method

a. Greedy method b. Dynamic programming
c. Knapsack method d. Branch and bound
Ans. Greedy method

166. Who invented the word Algorithm

a. Abu Jafar Mohammed ibn Musa c. Abu Mohammed Khan
b. Abu Jafar Mohammed Kasim d. Abu Jafar Mohammed Ali Khan

Ans. Abu Jafar Mohammed ibn Musa

167. In Algorithm comments begin with____________

a. /* c. /
b. */ d. //

Ans : //

168. The ___________ of an algorithm is the amount of memory it needs to run to

completion.
a. Space Complexity c. Best Case
b. Time Complexity d. Worst Case

Ans : Space Complexity

169. ___________ is the process of executing a correct program on data sets and
measuring the time and space it takes tocompute the results.
a. Debugging c. Combining
b. Profiling d. Conqure

Ans : Profiling

170. In Algorithm Specification the blockes are indicated with matching _______
a. Braces c. Square Brackets
b. Parenthesis d. Slashes

Ans : Braces

171. Huffmancodes are the applications of _________ with minimal weighted external
path length obtained by an optimal set.
a. BST b. MST
c. Binary tree d. Weighted Graph

Ans : Binary tree

172. From the following which is not return optimal solution

a. Dynamic programming c. Backtracking
b. Branch and bound d. Greedy method
Ans. Backtracking

173. ____________ is an algorithm design method that can be used when the solution
to a problem can be viewed as the result of a sequence of decisions

a. Dynamic programming c. Backtracking

b. Branch and bound d. Greedy method

Ans : Dynamic programming

174. The name backtrack was first coined by _________

a. D.H.Lehmer c. L.Baumert
b. R.J.Walker d. S. Golomb
Ans : D.H.Lehmer

175. The term ________ refers to all state space search methods in which all hildren of
 the nodes are generated before any other live node can becomethe E-node.
a. Backtacking c. Depth First Search
b. Branch and Bound d. Breadth First Search

Ans ; Branch and Bound

176. A __________ is a round trip path along n edges of G that visits every vertex once
and returns to its starting position.
a. MST c. TSP
b. Multistage Graph d. Hamiltonian Cycle

Ans :Hamiltonian Cycle

177. Graph Coloring is which type of algorithm design strategy

a. Backtacking c. Greedy
b. Branch and Bound d. Dynamic programming

Ans : Backtracking

178. Which of the following is not a limitation of binary search algorithm?

a. must use a sorted array
b. requirement of sorted array is expensive when a lot of insertion and deletions
are needed
c. there must be a mechanism to access middle element directly
d. binary search algorithm is not efficient when the data elements are more than 1000.

Ans : binary search algorithm is not efficient when the data elements are more than 1000.

179. Binary Search Algorithm cannot be applied to

a. Sorted linked list c. Sorted linear array
b. Sorted binary tree d. Pointer array

Ans :Sorted linked list

180. Two main measures for the efficiency of an algorithm are

a. Processor and memory c. Time and space
b. Complexity and capacity d. Data and space
Ans : Time and Space
181.The time factor when determining the efficiency of algorithm is measured by
a. Counting microseconds c. Counting the number of statements
b. Counting the number of key d. Counting the kilobytes of algorithm
operations
Ans : Counting the number of key operations

182. The space factor when determining the efficiency of algorithm is measured by
a. Counting the maximum memory needed by the algorithm
b. Counting the minimum memory needed by the algorithm
c. Counting the average memory needed by the algorithm
d. Counting the maximum disk space needed by the
algorithm Ans: Counting the maximum memory needed by
the algorithm

183. Which of the following case does not exist in complexity theory
a. Best case c. Average case
b. Worst case d. Null case
Ans : Null Case

184. The Worst case occur in linear search algorithm when

a. Item is somewhere in the middle of c. Item is the last element in the array
the array d. Item is the last element in the array
b. Item is not in the array at all or is not there at all
Ans : Item is the last element in the array or is not there at all

185. The Average case occur in linear search algorithm

a. When Item is somewhere in the c. When Item is the last element in the
middle of the array array
b. WhenItem is not in the array at all d. When Item is the last element in the
array or is not there at all
Ans:When Item is somewhere in the middle of the array

186. The complexity of the average case of an algorithm is

a. Much more complicated to analyze c. Sometimes more complicated and
 than that of worst case some other times simpler than that of
b. Much more simpler to analyze than worst case
that of worst case d. None or above
Ans: Much more complicated to analyze than that of worst case

187. The complexity of linear search algorithm is

a. O(n) c. O(n2)
b. O(log n) d. O(n log n)
Ans : O(n)

188. The complexity of Binary search algorithm is

a. O(n) c. O(n2)
b. O(logn) d. O(n log n)
Ans: O(log n)

189. The complexity of Bubble sort algorithm is

a. O(n) c. O(n2)
b. O(log n) d. O(n log n)

Ans : O(n2)

190. The complexity of merge sort algorithm is

a. O(n) c. O(n2)
b. O(log n) d. O(n log n)
Ans : O(n log n)

191. Which of thefollowing sorting algorithm is of divide-and-conquer type?

a. Bubble sort c. Quick sort
b. Insertion sort d. All of above
Ans : Quick Sort

192. An algorithm that calls itself directly or indirectly is known as

a. Sub algorithm c. Polish notation
b. Recursion d. Traversal algorithm

Ans : Recursion
193. The running time of quick sort depends heavily on the selection of
a. No of inputs c. Size o elements
b. Arrangement of elements in array d. Pivot element

Ans : Pivot Element

194. In stable sorting algorithm
a. One array is used c. More then one arrays are required.
b. In which duplicating elements are d. Duplicating elements remain in
not handled. same relative position after sorting.

Ans:Duplicating elements remain in same relative position after sorting.

195. Which sorting algorithn is faster :

a. O(n^2) c. O(n+k)
b. O(nlogn) d. O(n^3)

Ans :O(n+k)

196. In Quick sort algorithm,constants hidden in T(n lg n) are

a. Large c. Not known
b. Medium d. Small

Ans : Small

197. Quick sort is based on divide and conquer paradigm; we divide the problem on base
of pivotelementand:
a. There is explicit combine process as well to conquer the solution.
b. No work is needed to combine the sub-arrays, the array is already sorted
c. Merging the subarrays
d. None of above.

Ans:There is explicit combine process as well to conquer the solution.

198. Dijkstras algorithm :

a. Has greedy approach to find all shortest paths
b. Has both greedy and Dynamic approach to find all shortest paths
c. Has greedy approach to compute single source shortest paths to all other vertices
d. Has both greedy and dynamic approach to compute single source shortest paths to all
other vertices.
Ans:Has greedy approach to compute single source shortest paths to all other vertices

199. What algorithm technique is used in the implementation of Kruskalssolution for

theMST?
a. Greedy Technique
b. Divide-and-ConquerTechnique
c. Dynamic Programming Technique
d. The algorithm combines more than one of the above techniques

Ans:Greedy Technique

200. Which is true statement in the following?

a. Kruskalsalgorithm is multiple source technique for finding MST.
b. Kruskals algorithm is used to find minimum spanning tree of a graph,
time complexity of this algorithm is O(EV)
c. Both of above
d. Kruskal's algorithm (choose best non-cycle edge) is better than Prim's (choose best
Tree edge) when the graph has relatively few edges )

Ans:Kruskal's algorithm (choose best non-cycle edge) is better than Prim's (choose best
Tree edge) when the graph hasrelatively few edges )