Republic v. Uy

8/22/2017 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 703
G.R. No. 198010.August 12, 2013.*
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner, vs. DR. NORMA S.

LUGSANAY UY, respondent.
Remedial Law; Special Proceedings; Correction of Entries in the Civil

Registry; Adversarial Proceedings; Even substantial errors in a civil
registry may be corrected and the true facts established provided the parties
aggrieved by the error avail themselves of the appropriate adversary
proceeding.It has been settled in a number of cases starting with Republic
v. Valencia, 141 SCRA 462 (1986), that even substantial errors in a civil
registry may be corrected and the true facts established provided the parties
proceeding. The pronouncement of the Court in that case is illuminating: It
is undoubtedly true that if the subject matter of a petition is not for the
correction of clerical errors of a harmless and innocuous nature, but one
involving nationality or citizenship, which is indisputably substantial as well
as controverted, afrmative relief cannot be granted in a proceeding
summary in nature. However, it is also true that a right in law may be
enforced and a wrong may be remedied as long as the appropriate remedy is
used. This Court adheres to the principle that even substantial errors in a
civil registry may be corrected and the true facts established provided the
parties aggrieved by the error avail themselves of the appropriate adversary
proceeding. x x x What is meant by appropriate adversary proceeding?
Blacks Law Dictionary denes adversary proceeding as follows: One
having opposing parties; contested, as distinguished from an ex parte
application, one of which the party seeking relief has given legal warning to
the other party, and afforded the latter an opportunity to contest it. Excludes
an adoption proceeding.
Same; Civil Procedure; Notice of Hearing; The fact that the notice of
hearing was published in a newspaper of general circulation and notice
thereof was served upon the State will not change the nature of the
proceedings taken.Respondents birth certicate shows that her full name
is Anita Sy, that she is a Chinese citizen
_______________
*THIRD DIVISION.
426
http://www.central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000015e07c49e701bff9dc2003600fb002c009e/t/?o=False 1/13
426 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED
Republic vs. Uy
and a legitimate child of Sy Ton and Sotera Lugsanay. In ling the petition,
however, she seeks the correction of her rst name and surname, her status
from legitimate to illegitimate and her citizenship from Chinese to
Filipino. Thus, respondent should have impleaded and notied not only
the Local Civil Registrar but also her parents and siblings as the persons
who have interest and are affected by the changes or corrections respondent
wanted to make. The fact that the notice of hearing was published in a
newspaper of general circulation and notice thereof was served upon the
State will not change the nature of the proceedings taken. A reading of
Sections 4 and 5, Rule 108 of the Rules of Court shows that the Rules
mandate two sets of notices to different potential oppositors: one given to
the persons named in the petition and another given to other persons who
are not named in the petition but nonetheless may be considered interested
or affected parties. Summons must, therefore, be served not for the purpose
of vesting the courts with jurisdiction but to comply with the requirements
of fair play and due process to afford the person concerned the opportunity
to protect his interest if he so chooses. While there may be cases where the
Court held that the failure to implead and notify the affected or interested
parties may be cured by the publication of the notice of hearing, earnest
efforts were made by petitioners in bringing to court all possible interested
parties. Such failure was likewise excused where the interested parties
themselves initiated the corrections proceedings; when there is no actual or
presumptive awareness of the existence of the interested parties; or when a
party is inadvertently left out.
Same; Special Proceedings; Correction of Entries in the Civil Registry;
When a petition for cancellation or correction of an entry in the civil
register involves substantial and controversial alterations, including those
on citizenship, legitimacy of paternity or liation, or legitimacy of marriage,
a strict compliance with the requirements of Rule 108 of the Rules of Court
is mandated.When a petition for cancellation or correction of an entry in
the civil register involves substantial and controversial alterations, including
those on citizenship, legitimacy of paternity or liation, or legitimacy of
marriage, a strict compliance with the requirements of Rule 108 of the Rules
of Court is mandated. If the entries in the civil register could be corrected or
changed through mere summary proceedings and not through appropriate
action wherein all parties who may be affected
427
VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 427
Republic vs. Uy
by the entries are notied or represented, the door to fraud or other mischief
would be set open, the consequence of which might be detrimental and far
reaching.
PETITION for review on certiorari of the decision and resolution of

the Court of Appeals.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.
Ofce of the Solicitor General for petitioner.
Rebolos, Sanchez, Quilisadio Law Ofce for respondent.
PERALTA,J.:
Assailed in this petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 of
the Rules of Court are the Court of Appeals (CA)1 Decision2 dated
February 18, 2011 and Resolution3 dated July 27, 2011 in CA-G.R.
CV No. 00238-MIN. The assailed decision dismissed the appeal
led by petitioner Republic of the Philippines and, consequently,
afrmed in toto the June 28, 2004 Order4 of the Regional Trial Court
(RTC), Branch 27, Gingoog City in Special Proceedings No. 230-
2004 granting the Petition for Correction of Entry of Certicate of
Live Birth led by respondent Dr. Norma S. Lugsanay Uy; while the
assailed resolution denied petitioners motion for reconsideration.
The facts of the case are as follows:
_______________
1Mindanao Station, Cagayan de Oro City.
2 Penned by Associate Justice Rodrigo F. Lim, Jr., with Associate Justices
Angelita A. Gacutan and Nina G. Antonio-Valenzuela, concurring; Rollo, pp. 47-61.
3Penned by Associate Justice Rodrigo F. Lim, Jr., with Associate Justices Pamela
Ann Abella Maxino and Zenaida T. Galapate Laguilles, concurring; Rollo, pp. 62-63.
4Penned by Presiding Judge Rexel N. Pacuribot; records, pp. 27-29.
428

Republic vs. Uy
On March 8, 2004, respondent led a Petition for Correction of

Entry in her Certicate of Live Birth.5 Impleaded as respondent is
the Local Civil Registrar of Gingoog City. She alleged that she was
born on February 8, 1952 and is the illegitimate daughter of Sy Ton
and Sotera Lugsanay.6 Her Certicate of Live Birth7 shows that her
full name is Anita Sy when in fact she is allegedly known to her
family and friends as Norma S. Lugsanay. She further claimed that
her school records, Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
Board of Medicine Certicate,8 and passport9 bear the name Norma
S. Lugsanay. She also alleged that she is an illegitimate child
considering that her parents were never married, so she had to
follow the surname of her mother.10 She also contended that she is a
Filipino citizen and not Chinese, and all her siblings bear the
surname Lugsanay and are all Filipinos.11
Respondent allegedly led earlier a petition for correction of
entries with the Ofce of the Local Civil Registrar of Gingoog City
to effect the corrections on her name and citizenship which was
supposedly granted.12 However, the National Statistics Ofce (NSO)
records did not bear such changes. Hence, the petition before the
RTC.
On May 13, 2004, the RTC issued an Order13 nding the petition
to be sufcient in form and substance and setting the case for
hearing, with the directive that the said Order be published in a
newspaper of general circulation in the City of Gingoog and the
Province of Misamis Oriental at least once a
_______________
5 Records, pp. 2-5.
6 Id., at p. 2.
7 Id., at p. 6.
8 Id., at p. 9.
9 Id., at p. 8.
10Rollo, pp. 48-49.
11Id., at p. 10.
12Id.
13Records, p. 13.
429
VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 429

Republic vs. Uy
week for three (3) consecutive weeks at the expense of respondent,

and that the order and petition be furnished the Ofce of the
Solicitor General (OSG) and the City Prosecutors Ofce for their
information and guidance.14 Pursuant to the RTC Order, respondent
complied with the publication requirement.
On June 28, 2004, the RTC issued an Order in favor of
respondent, the dispositive portion of which reads:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant petition is hereby

GRANTED. THE CITY CIVIL REGISTRAR OF GINGOOG CITY, or any
person acting in his behalf is directed and ordered to effect the correction or
change of the entries in the Certicate of Live Birth of petitioners name and
citizenship so that the entries would be:
a) As to petitioners name:
First Name : NORMA
Middle Name : SY
Last Name : LUGSANAY
b) As to petitioners nationality/citizenship: FILIPINO
SO ORDERED. 15
SO ORDERED.15
The RTC concluded that respondents petition would neither

prejudice the government nor any third party. It also held that the
names Norma Sy Lugsanay and Anita Sy refer to one and the
same person, especially since the Local Civil Registrar of Gingoog
City has effected the correction. Considering that respondent has
continuously used and has been known since childhood as Norma
Sy Lugsanay and as a Filipino citizen, the RTC granted the petition
to avoid confusion.16
_______________
14Id.
15Id., at pp. 28-29.
16Id., at pp. 27-28.
430

Republic vs. Uy
On February 18, 2011, the CA afrmed in toto the RTC Order.

The CA held that respondents failure to implead other indispensable
parties was cured upon the publication of the Order setting the case
for hearing in a newspaper of general circulation for three (3)
consecutive weeks and by serving a copy of the notice to the Local
Civil Registrar, the OSG and the City Prosecutors Ofce.17 As to
whether the petition is a collateral attack on respondents liation,
the CA ruled in favor of respondent, considering that her parents
were not legally married and that her siblings birth certicates
uniformly state that their surname is Lugsanay and their citizenship
is Filipino.18 Petitioners motion for reconsideration was denied in a
Resolution dated July 27, 2011.
Hence, the present petition on the sole ground that the petition is
dismissible for failure to implead indispensable parties.
Cancellation or correction of entries in the civil registry is
governed by Rule 108 of the Rules of Court, to wit:
SEC.1.Who may le petition.Any person interested in any

act, event, order or decree concerning the civil status of persons
which has been recorded in the civil register, may le a veried
petition for the cancellation or correction of any entry relating
thereto, with the Regional Trial Court of the province where the
corresponding civil registry is located.
SEC.2.Entries subject to cancellation or correction.Upon
good and valid grounds, the following entries in the civil register
may be cancelled or corrected: (a) births; (b) marriages; (c) deaths;
(d) legal separations; (e) judgments of annulments of marriage; (f)
judgments declaring marriages void from the beginning; (g)

legitimations; (h) adoptions; (i) acknowledgments of natural children;
(j) naturalization; (k) election, loss or recovery of citizenship; (l) civil
interdiction; (m) judicial determi-
_______________
17Rollo, p. 15.
18Id., at p. 20.
431
VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 431

Republic vs. Uy
nation of liation; (n) voluntary emancipation of a minor; and (o)

changes of name.
SEC.3.Parties.When cancellation or correction of an
entry in the civil register is sought, the civil registrar and all
persons who have or claim any interest which would be affected
thereby shall be made parties to the proceeding.
SEC. 4.Notice and Publication.Upon the ling of the
petition, the court shall, by an order, x the time and place for
the hearing of the same, and cause reasonable notice thereof to be
given to the persons named in the petition. The court shall also
cause the order to be published once a week for three (3)
consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the
province.
SEC.5. Opposition.The civil registrar and any person
having or claiming any interest under the entry whose
cancellation or correction is sought may, within fteen (15) days
from notice of the petition, or from the last date of publication of
such notice, le his opposition thereto.
SEC. 6.Expediting proceedings.The court in which the
proceeding is brought may make orders expediting the proceedings,
and may also grant preliminary injunction for the preservation of the
rights of the parties pending such proceedings.
SEC.7. Order.After hearing, the court may either dismiss
the petition or issue an order granting the cancellation or correction
prayed for. In either case, a certied copy of the judgment shall be
served upon the civil registrar concerned who shall annotate the same
in his record.19
In this case, respondent sought the correction of entries in her

birth certicate, particularly those pertaining to her rst name,
surname and citizenship. She sought the correction
_______________
19Emphasis supplied.
432

Republic vs. Uy
allegedly to reect the name which she has been known for since
childhood, including her legal documents such as passport and
school and professional records. She likewise relied on the birth
certicates of her full blood siblings who bear the surname
Lugsanay instead of Sy and citizenship of Filipino instead of
Chinese. The changes, however, are obviously not mere clerical as
they touch on respondents liation and citizenship. In changing her
surname from Sy (which is the surname of her father) to
Lugsanay (which is the surname of her mother), she, in effect,
changes her status from legitimate to illegitimate; and in changing
her citizenship from Chinese to Filipino, the same affects her rights
and obligations in this country. Clearly, the changes are substantial.
It has been settled in a number of cases starting with Republic v.
Valencia20 that even substantial errors in a civil registry may be
corrected and the true facts established provided the parties
proceeding.21 The pronouncement of the Court in that case is
illuminating:
It is undoubtedly true that if the subject matter of a petition is not

for the correction of clerical errors of a harmless and innocuous
nature, but one involving nationality or citizenship, which is
indisputably substantial as well as controverted, afrmative relief
cannot be granted in a proceeding summary in nature. However, it is
also true that a right in law may be enforced and a wrong may be
remedied as long as the appropriate remedy is used. This Court
adheres to the principle that even substantial errors in a civil registry
may be corrected and the true facts established provided the parties
proceeding. xxx
_______________
20225 Phil. 408; 141 SCRA 462 (1986).
21Republic v. Valencia, supra, at p. 416; pp. 468-469.
433
VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 433

Republic vs. Uy
What is meant by appropriate adversary proceeding? Blacks

Law Dictionary denes adversary proceeding as follows:
One having opposing parties; contested, as distinguished

from an ex parte application, one of which the party seeking
relief has given legal warning to the other party, and afforded
the latter an opportunity to contest it. Excludes an adoption
proceeding.22
In sustaining the RTC decision, the CA relied on the Courts

conclusion in Republic v. Kho,23 Alba v. Court of Appeals,24 and
Barco v. Court of Appeals,25 that the failure to implead indispensable
parties was cured by the publication of the notice of hearing
pursuant to the provisions of Rule 108 of the Rules of Court. In
Republic v. Kho,26 petitioner therein appealed the RTC decision
granting the petition for correction of entries despite respondents
failure to implead the minors mother as an indispensable party. The
Court, however, did not strictly apply the provisions of Rule 108,
because it opined that it was highly improbable that the mother was
unaware of the proceedings to correct the entries in her childrens
birth certicates especially since the notices, orders and decision of
the trial court were all sent to the residence she shared with them.27
In Alba v. Court of Appeals,28 the Court found nothing wrong
with the trial courts decision granting the petition for correction of
entries led by respondent although the proceedings was not
actually known by petitioner. In that case, peti-
_______________
22Id. (Citation omitted; italics in the original)
23G.R. No. 170340, June 29, 2007, 526 SCRA 177.
24503 Phil. 451; 465 SCRA 495 (2005).
25465 Phil. 39; 420 SCRA 162 (2004).
26Supra note 23.
27Republic v. Kho, supra note 23, at p. 191.
28Supra note 24.
434

Republic vs. Uy
tioners mother and guardian was impleaded in the petition for

correction of entries, and notices were sent to her address appearing
in the subject birth certicate. However, the notice was returned
unserved, because apparently she no longer lived there. Thus, when
she allegedly learned of the granting of the petition, she sought the
annulment of judgment which the Court denied. Considering that the
petition for correction of entries is a proceeding in rem, the Court
held that acquisition of jurisdiction over the person of the petitioner
is, therefore, not required and the absence of personal service was
cured by the trial courts compliance with Rule 108 which requires
notice by publication.29
In Barco v. Court of Appeals,30 the Court addressed the question
of whether the court acquired jurisdiction over petitioner and all
other indispensable parties to the petition for correction of entries
despite the failure to implead them in said case. While recognizing
that petitioner was indeed an indispensable party, the failure to
implead her was cured by compliance with Section 4 of Rule 108
which requires notice by publication. In so ruling, the Court pointed
out that the petitioner in a petition for correction cannot be presumed
to be aware of all the parties whose interests may be affected by the
granting of a petition. It emphasized that the petitioner therein
exerted earnest effort to comply with the provisions of Rule 108.
Thus, the publication of the notice of hearing was considered to have
cured the failure to implead indispensable parties.
In this case, it was only the Local Civil Registrar of Gingoog
City who was impleaded as respondent in the petition below. This,
notwithstanding, the RTC granted her petition and allowed the
correction sought by respondent, which decision was afrmed in
toto by the CA.
We do not agree with the RTC and the CA.
_______________
29Alba v. Court of Appeals, supra note 24, at p. 460; p. 507.
30Supra note 25.
435
VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 435

Republic vs. Uy
This is not the rst time that the Court is confronted with the
issue involved in this case. Aside from Kho, Alba and Barco, the
Court has addressed the same in Republic v. Coseteng-Magpayo,31
Ceruila v. Delantar,32 and Labayo-Rowe v. Republic.33
In Republic v. Coseteng-Magpayo,34 claiming that his parents
were never legally married, respondent therein led a petition to
change his name from Julian Edward Emerson Coseteng
Magpayo, the name appearing in his birth certicate to Julian
Edward Emerson Marquez Lim Coseteng. The notice setting the
petition for hearing was published and there being no opposition
thereto, the trial court issued an order of general default and
eventually granted respondents petition deleting the entry on the
date and place of marriage of parties; correcting his surname from
Magpayo to Coseteng; deleting the entry Coseteng for middle
name; and deleting the entry Fulvio Miranda Magpayo, Jr. in the
space for his father. The Republic of the Philippines, through the
OSG, assailed the RTC decision on the grounds that the corrections
made on respondents birth certicate had the effect of changing the

civil status from legitimate to illegitimate and must only be effected
through an appropriate adversary proceeding. The Court nullied the
RTC decision for respondents failure to comply strictly with the
procedure laid down in Rule 108 of the Rules of Court. Aside from
the wrong remedy availed of by respondent as he led a petition for
Change of Name under Rule 103 of the Rules of Court, assuming
that he led a petition under Rule 108 which is the appropriate
remedy, the petition still failed because of improper venue and
failure to implead the Civil Registrar of Makati City and all affected
parties as respondents in the case.
_______________
31G.R. No. 189476, February 2, 2011, 641 SCRA 533.
32513 Phil. 237; 477 SCRA 134 (2005).
33250 Phil. 300; 168 SCRA 294 (1988).
34Supra note 31.
436

Republic vs. Uy
In Ceruila v. Delantar,35 the Ceruilas led a petition for the

cancellation and annulment of the birth certicate of respondent on
the ground that the same was made as an instrument of the crime of
simulation of birth and, therefore, invalid and spurious, and it
falsied all material entries therein. The RTC issued an order setting
the case for hearing with a directive that the same be published and
that any person who is interested in the petition may interpose his
comment or opposition on or before the scheduled hearing.
Summons was likewise sent to the Civil Register of Manila. After
which, the trial court granted the petition and nullied respondents
birth certicate. Few months after, respondent led a petition for the
annulment of judgment claiming that she and her guardian were not
notied of the petition and the trial courts decision, hence, the latter
was issued without jurisdiction and in violation of her right to due
process. The Court annulled the trial courts decision for failure to
comply with the requirements of Rule 108, especially the non-
impleading of respondent herself whose birth certicate was
nullied.
In Labayo-Rowe v. Republic,36 petitioner led a petition for the
correction of entries in the birth certicates of her children,
specically to change her name from Beatriz V. Labayu/Beatriz
Labayo to Emperatriz Labayo, her civil status from married to
single, and the date and place of marriage from 1953-Bulan to
No marriage. The Court modied the trial courts decision by
nullifying the portion thereof which directs the change of
petitioners civil status as well as the liation of her child, because it

was the OSG only that was made respondent and the proceedings
taken was summary in nature which is short of what is required in
cases where substantial alterations are sought.
Respondents birth certicate shows that her full name is Anita
Sy, that she is a Chinese citizen and a legitimate child
_______________
35Supra note 32.
36Supra note 33.
437
VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 437

Republic vs. Uy
of Sy Ton and Sotera Lugsanay. In ling the petition, however, she

seeks the correction of her rst name and surname, her status from
legitimate to illegitimate and her citizenship from Chinese to
Filipino. Thus, respondent should have impleaded and notied not
only the Local Civil Registrar but also her parents and siblings as the
persons who have interest and are affected by the changes or
corrections respondent wanted to make.
The fact that the notice of hearing was published in a newspaper
of general circulation and notice thereof was served upon the State
will not change the nature of the proceedings taken.37 A reading of
Sections 4 and 5, Rule 108 of the Rules of Court shows that the
Rules mandate two sets of notices to different potential oppositors:
one given to the persons named in the petition and another given to
other persons who are not named in the petition but nonetheless may
be considered interested or affected parties.38 Summons must,
therefore, be served not for the purpose of vesting the courts with
jurisdiction but to comply with the requirements of fair play and due
process to afford the person concerned the opportunity to protect his
interest if he so chooses.39
While there may be cases where the Court held that the failure to
implead and notify the affected or interested parties may be cured by
the publication of the notice of hearing, earnest efforts were made by
petitioners in bringing to court all possible interested parties.40 Such
failure was likewise excused where the interested parties themselves
initiated the corrections proceedings;41 when there is no actual or
presump-
_______________
37Labayo-Rowe v. Republic, supra note 33, at p. 301.
38Republic v. Coseteng-Magpayo, supra note 31, at p. 543.
39Ceruila v. Delantar, supra note 32, at p. 252; p. 148.
40Id.
41Republic v. Kho, supra note 23, at p. 193.
438

Republic vs. Uy
tive awareness of the existence of the interested parties;42 or when a

party is inadvertently left out.43
It is clear from the foregoing discussion that when a petition for
cancellation or correction of an entry in the civil register involves
substantial and controversial alterations, including those on
citizenship, legitimacy of paternity or liation, or legitimacy of
marriage, a strict compliance with the requirements of Rule 108 of
the Rules of Court is mandated.44 If the entries in the civil register
could be corrected or changed through mere summary proceedings
and not through appropriate action wherein all parties who may be
affected by the entries are notied or represented, the door to fraud
or other mischief would be set open, the consequence of which
might be detrimental and far reaching.45
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the petition is hereby
GRANTED. The Court of Appeals Decision dated February 18,
2011 and Resolution dated July 27, 20011 in CA-G.R. CV No.
00238-MIN, are SET ASIDE. Consequently, the June 28, 2004
Order of the Regional Trial Court, Branch 27, Gingoog City, in Spl.
Proc. No. 230-2004 granting the Petition for Correction of Entry of
Certicate of Live Birth led by respondent Dr. Norma S. Lugsanay
Uy, is NULLIFIED.
SO ORDERED.
Velasco, Jr. (Chairperson), Abad, Mendoza and Leonen, JJ.,

concur.
Petition granted, judgment and resolution set aside.
_______________
42Barco v. Court of Appeals, supra note 25, at p. 172; p. 178.
43Republic v. Coseteng-Magpayo, supra note 31, at p. 545.
44Id., at p. 546.
45Labayo-Rowe v. Republic, supra note 33, at p. 307; p. 300.
439
VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 439

Republic vs. Uy
Notes.In a special proceeding for correction of entry under

Rule 108 (Cancellation or Correction of Entries in the Original
Registry), the trial court has no jurisdiction to nullify marriages and
rule on legitimacy and liation. (Braza vs. City Civil Registrar of
Himamaylan City, Negros Occidental, 607 SCRA 638 [2009])
In petitions for change of name, a person avails of a remedy to
alter the designation by which he is known and called in the
community in which he lives and is best known; Judicial
permission for a change of name aims to prevent fraud and to ensure
a record of the change by virtue of a court decree. (Republic vs.
Mercadera, 637 SCRA 654 [2010])
o0o
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Republic v. Uy

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Republic v. Uy

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8/22/2017 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 703

G.R. No. 198010.August 12, 2013.*

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner, vs. DR. NORMA S.

Remedial Law; Special Proceedings; Correction of Entries in the Civil

VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 427

PETITION for review on certiorari of the decision and resolution of

428 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

On March 8, 2004, respondent led a Petition for Correction of

VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 429

week for three (3) consecutive weeks at the expense of respondent,

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant petition is hereby

The RTC concluded that respondents petition would neither

430 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

On February 18, 2011, the CA afrmed in toto the RTC Order.

SEC.1.Who may le petition.Any person interested in any

judgments declaring marriages void from the beginning; (g)

VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 431

nation of liation; (n) voluntary emancipation of a minor; and (o)

In this case, respondent sought the correction of entries in her

432 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

It is undoubtedly true that if the subject matter of a petition is not

VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 433

What is meant by appropriate adversary proceeding? Blacks

One having opposing parties; contested, as distinguished

In sustaining the RTC decision, the CA relied on the Courts

434 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

tioners mother and guardian was impleaded in the petition for

VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 435

made on respondents birth certicate had the effect of changing the

436 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

In Ceruila v. Delantar,35 the Ceruilas led a petition for the

petitioners civil status as well as the liation of her child, because it

VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 437

of Sy Ton and Sotera Lugsanay. In ling the petition, however, she

438 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

tive awareness of the existence of the interested parties;42 or when a

Velasco, Jr. (Chairperson), Abad, Mendoza and Leonen, JJ.,

Petition granted, judgment and resolution set aside.

VOL. 703, AUGUST 12, 2013 439

Notes.In a special proceeding for correction of entry under

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