Veritas Clustering On Linux

VERITAS Cluster Server 4.
User’s Guide
Linux
N16857H
July 2005
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Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
How This Guide is Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Documentation Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Section I. Basic Clustering Concepts and Terminology
Chapter 1. Getting Acquainted with Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

What is a Cluster? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Can My Application be Clustered? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 2. VCS Technical Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

What is a VCS Cluster? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Understanding Cluster Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Putting the Pieces Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Other VCS Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 3. Defining Cluster Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Basic Failover Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Advanced Failover Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Cluster Topologies and Storage Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
v
Chapter 4. Configuration Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
The VCS Configuration Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
The main.cf File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
The types.cf File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Keywords/Reserved Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Managing the VCS Configuration File: The hacf Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Section II. Administration-Putting VCS to Work
Chapter 5. Introducing the VCS User Privilege Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

VCS User Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
User Privileges for CLI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
User Privileges in Global Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 6. Administering the Cluster

from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
VCS Environment Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
How VCS Identifies the Local System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Installing a VCS License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Starting VCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Stopping VCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Logging On to VCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Adding, Modifying, and Deleting Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Querying VCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Administering Service Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Administering Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Administering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Administering Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Encrypting Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Basic Configuration Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
vi VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Backing Up and Restoring VCS Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Using the -wait Option in Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Using VCS Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Chapter 7. Administering the Cluster from

Cluster Manager (Java Console) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Disability Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Reviewing Components of the Java Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Icons in the Java Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
About Cluster Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
About Cluster Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Accessing Additional Features of the Java Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Administering Cluster Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Administering User Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Administering Service Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Administering Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Importing Resource Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Administering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Administering Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Executing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Editing Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Querying the Cluster Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Setting up VCS Event Notification Using Notifier Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Administering Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Administering VCS Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Chapter 8. Administering the Cluster from

Cluster Manager (Web Console) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Disability Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Before Using the Web Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Contents vii
Web Console Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Navigating the Web Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Reviewing Web Console Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Administering Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Administering Cluster Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Administering Service Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Administering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Editing Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Querying the Cluster Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Customizing the Web Console with myVCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Customizing the Log Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Monitoring Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Integrating the Web Console with VERITAS Traffic Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Chapter 9. Using VCS Configuration Wizards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Configuring Application Service Groups Using the Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Configuring NFS Service Groups Using the Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Configuring Apache Service Groups Using the Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Section III. VCS Operations
Chapter 10. VCS Communications, Membership,

and I/O Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Intra-Node Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Inter-Node Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Cluster Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
VCS I/O Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
VCS Operation Without I/O Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
viii VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Chapter 11. Controlling VCS Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
VCS Behavior on Resource Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Controlling VCS Behavior at the Service Group Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Controlling VCS Behavior at the Resource Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
How VCS Handles Resource Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Disabling Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Clearing Resources in the ADMIN_WAIT State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
VCS Behavior on Loss of Storage Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Service Group Workload Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Additional Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Sample Configurations Depicting Workload Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Chapter 12. The Role of Service Group Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Why Configure a Service Group Dependency? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Categories of Service Group Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Location of Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Type of Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Service Group Dependency Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Linking Service Groups (Online/Offline Dependencies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Automatic Actions for Service Group Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Manual Operations for Service Group Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Dependency Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Dependencies in Failover and Parallel Service Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Section IV. Administration–Beyond the Basics
Chapter 13. Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

How Notification Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Notification Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
VCS Events and Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Contents ix
Monitoring Aggregate Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Configuring Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Chapter 14. VCS Event Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

How Event Triggers Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Using Event Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
List of Event Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Section V. Advanced Cluster Configurations
Chapter 15. Connecting Clusters–Introducing the Global Cluster Option . . . . . . 445

How VCS Global Clusters Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
VCS Global Clusters: The Building Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Before Configuring Global Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Setting Up a Global Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Migrating a Service Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Simulating Global Clusters Using VCS Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Setting Up a Fire Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Chapter 16. Administering Global Clusters

from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Global Querying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Administering Service Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Administering Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Administering Heartbeats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Chapter 17. Administering Global Clusters

from Cluster Manager (Java Console) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Adding a Remote Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
Deleting a Remote Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
x VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Administering Global Service Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Administering Global Heartbeats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
Chapter 18. Administering Global Clusters from

Cluster Manager (Web Console) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Adding a Remote Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Deleting a Remote Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Administering Global Service Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
Administering Global Heartbeats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Chapter 19. Setting Up Replicated Data Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

About Replicated Data Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
How VCS Replicated Data Clusters Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Setting up a Replicated Data Cluster Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Migrating a Service Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
Setting Up a Fire Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Chapter 20. Setting Up Campus Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

How VCS Campus Clusters Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Setting Up a Campus Cluster Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
Section VI. Troubleshooting and Performance
Chapter 21. Predicting VCS Behavior

Using VCS Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Installing VCS Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Administering VCS Simulator From the Java Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
Administering VCS Simulator from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
Chapter 22. VCS Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

How Cluster Components Affect Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Booting a Cluster System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Contents xi
Bringing a Resource Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Taking a Resource Offline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Bringing a Service Group Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Taking a Service Group Offline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Detecting Resource Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Detecting System Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Detecting Network Link Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
When a System Panics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Time Taken for a Service Group Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Time Taken for a Service Group Failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Scheduling Class and Priority Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Monitoring CPU Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
VCS Agent Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
Chapter 23. Troubleshooting and Recovery for VCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Troubleshooting VCS Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
Troubleshooting Service Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
Troubleshooting Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Troubleshooting Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Troubleshooting Cluster Manager (Web Console) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
Troubleshooting VCS Configuration Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Troubleshooting and Recovery for Global Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Troubleshooting Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Section VII. Appendixes
Appendix A. VCS User Privileges—Administration Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

Administration Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
xii VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Appendix B. Cluster and System States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
Remote Cluster States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
System States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610
Appendix C. VCS Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

Resource Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
Resource Type Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
Service Group Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
System Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
Cluster Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Heartbeat Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
Appendix D. Administering VERITAS Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Reviewing the Web Server Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Configuring Ports for VRTSweb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656
Managing VRTSweb SSL Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Configuring SMTP Notification for VRTSweb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Configuring VRTSweb Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
Modifying the Maximum Heap Size for VRTSweb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Appendix E. Accessibility and VCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

Navigation and Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
Support for Accessibility Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
Support for Assistive Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Contents xiii
xiv VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide
Preface
This guide provides information on how to use and configure VERITAS Cluster Server
(VCS) version 4.1 on the Linux operating system
If this document is dated more than six months prior to the date you are installing the
enterprise agent, contact VERITAS Technical Support to confirm you have the latest
supported versions of the application and operating
How This Guide is Organized

Chapter 1. “Getting Acquainted with Clustering” on page 3 introduces you to the basics
of clustering software, including failover detection and storage considerations.
Chapter 2. “VCS Technical Concepts” on page 9 explains the building blocks of VCS and
how they interact with one another in a cluster environment, and introduces the core VCS
processes.
Chapter 3. “Defining Cluster Topologies” on page 23 describes the various configuration
types, or topologies, including replicated data clusters and global clusters.
Chapter 4. “Configuration Concepts” on page 37 describes the VCS configuration
language, including attributes, definitions, clauses, and dependencies. This chapter also
includes a list of key and reserved words, and an overview of basic configuration
concepts, such as the contents of the main.cf and types.cf configuration files.
Chapter 5. “Introducing the VCS User Privilege Model” on page 53 introduces the VCS
user categories and their associated privileges.
Chapter 6. “Administering the Cluster from the Command Line” on page 59 provides
instructions on how to perform administrative tasks from the command line.
Chapter 7. “Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Java Console)” on page
109 describes the VCS Java graphical user interface and provides instructions on how to
perform administrative tasks.
Chapter 8. “Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Web Console)” on page
211 describes the VCS Web-based graphical user interface and provides instructions on
how to perform administrative tasks.
xv
Chapter 9. “Using VCS Configuration Wizards” on page 287 describes the Apache,
Application, and NFS wizards and provide instructions on how to use the wizards to
create and modify the service groups.
,Chapter 10. “VCS Communications, Membership, and I/O Fencing” on page 311
describes how the VCS engine, HAD, communicates with the various components of VCS.
This chapter also explains how VCS behaves during failures in fenced and non-fenced
environments.
Chapter 11. “Controlling VCS Behavior” on page 341 describes the default behavior of
resource and service groups when they fail. This chapter also explains the latest load
balancing mechanism and how VCS employs this functionality at the service group level.
Chapter 12. “The Role of Service Group Dependencies” on page 385 defines the role of
service group dependencies and describes how to link service groups.
Chapter 13. “Notification” on page 415 explains how VCS uses SNMP and SMTP to
notify administrators of important events, such as resource or system faults. This chapter
also describes the notifier component, consisting of the VCS notifier process and the
hanotify utility.
Chapter 14. “VCS Event Triggers” on page 431 describes how event triggers work and
how they enable the administrator to take specific actions in response to particular events.
This chapter also includes a description of each event trigger, including usage and
location.
Chapter 15. “Connecting Clusters–Introducing the Global Cluster Option” on page 445
explains global clustering and presents key terms.
Chapter 16. “Administering Global Clusters from the Command Line” on page 471
provides instructions on how to perform administrative tasks on global clusters from the
command line.
Chapter 17. “Administering Global Clusters from Cluster Manager (Java Console)” on
page 483 provides instructions on how to perform administrative tasks on global clusters
from Cluster Manager (Java Console).
Chapter 18. “Administering Global Clusters from Cluster Manager (Web Console)” on
page 503 provides instructions on how to perform administrative tasks on global clusters
from Cluster Manager (Web Console).
Chapter 19. “Setting Up Replicated Data Clusters” on page 523 describes how to set up a
replicated data cluster configuration.
Chapter 20. “Setting Up Campus Clusters” on page 533 describes how to set up a campus
cluster configuration.
Chapter 21. “Predicting VCS Behavior Using VCS Simulator” on page 539 introduces
VCS Simulator and describes how to simulate cluster configurations.
xvi VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Chapter 22. “VCS Performance Considerations” on page 553 describes the impact of VCS
on system performance.
Chapter 23. “Troubleshooting and Recovery for VCS” on page 569 explains VCS unified
logging and defines the message format. This chapter also describes how to troubleshoot
common problems in VCS.
Appendix A. “VCS User Privileges—Administration Matrices” on page 595 describes
user privileges for VCS operations.
Appendix B. “Cluster and System States” on page 607 describes the various cluster and
system states and the order in which they transition from one state to another.
Appendix C. “VCS Attributes” on page 613 lists the VCS attributes for each cluster
object, including service groups, resources, resource types, systems, and clusters.
Appendix D. “Administering VERITAS Web Server” on page 653 describes the VERITAS
Web Server component VRTSweb and explains how to configure it. Cluster Manager (Web
Console) uses VRTSweb.
Appendix E. “Accessibility and VCS” on page 675 describes VCS accessibility features
and compliance.
Preface xvii
Conventions
Conventions
Convention Usage Example
monospace Used for path names, com- Read tunables from the
mands, output, directory and /etc/vx/tunefstab file.
file names, functions, and pa- See the ls(1) manual page for more in-
rameters. formation.
monospace Indicates user input. # ls pubs

(bold) C:\> dir pubs
italic Identifies book titles, new See the User’s Guide for details.
terms, emphasized text, and The variable system_name indicates the
variables replaced with a system on which to enter the command.
name or value.
bold Depicts GUI objects, such as Enter your password in the Password
fields, list boxes, menu selec- field.
tions, etc. Also depicts GUI Press Return.
commands.
blue text Indicates hypertext links. See “Getting Help” on page xix.
# Unix superuser prompt (all # cp /pubs/4.0/user_book

shells). /release_mgnt/4.0/archive
C:\> Windows user prompt. C:\> copy \pubs\4.0\user_book

c:\release_mgnt\4.0\archive
xviii VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Getting Help
Getting Help
For technical assistance, visit http://support.veritas.com and select phone or email
support. This site also provides access to resources such as TechNotes, product alerts,
software downloads, hardware compatibility lists, and our customer email notification
service. Use the Knowledge Base Search feature to access additional product information,
including current and past releases of VERITAS documentation.
Additional Resources
For license information, software updates and sales contacts, visit
https://my.veritas.com/productcenter/ContactVeritas.jsp. For information on
purchasing product documentation, visit http://webstore.veritas.com.
Documentation Feedback
Your feedback on product documentation is important to us. Send suggestions for
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Preface xix
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xx VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Section I. Basic Clustering Concepts and
Terminology
This section introduces basic clustering concepts and describes the building blocks of
VCS. This information lays the groundwork for an understanding of cluster technology.
The section also describes key configuration concepts required to set up a VCS cluster.
Section I includes the following chapters:
◆ Chapter 1. “Getting Acquainted with Clustering” on page 3
◆ Chapter 2. “VCS Technical Concepts” on page 9
◆ Chapter 3. “Defining Cluster Topologies” on page 23
◆ Chapter 4. “Configuration Concepts” on page 37

Getting Acquainted with Clustering 1
This chapter introduces clustering and describes the basics of application clustering using
VERITAS Cluster Server (VCS).
What is a Cluster?
VERITAS Cluster Server (VCS) connects, or clusters, multiple, independent systems into a
management framework for increased availability. Each system, or node, runs its own
operating system and cooperates at the software level to form a cluster. VCS links
commodity hardware with intelligent software to provide application failover and
control. When a node or a monitored application fails, other nodes can take predefined
actions to take over and bring up services elsewhere in the cluster.
Detecting Failure
VCS can detect application failure and node failure among cluster members.
Detecting Application Failure

VCS is typically deployed to keep business-critical applications online and available to
users. VCS provides a mechanism to detect failure of an application by issuing specific
commands, tests, or scripts that monitor the overall health of an application. VCS also
determines the health of underlying resources supporting the application, such as file
systems and network interfaces.
Detecting Node Failure

One of the most difficult tasks in clustering is correctly discriminating between loss of a
system and loss of communication between systems. VCS uses a redundant network
heartbeat along with SCSI III-based membership coordination and data protection for
detecting failure on a node and on fencing. For more information on detecting node
failure and how VCS protects data, see “Cluster Control, Communications, and
Membership” on page 17.
3
What is a Cluster?
Switchover and Failover

Failover and switchover are the processes of bringing up application services on a
different node in a cluster. In both cases, an application and its network identity are
brought up on a selected node. Client systems access a virtual IP address that moves with
the service. Client systems are unaware of which server they are using.
A virtual IP address is an address brought up in addition to the base address of systems in
the cluster. For example, in a 2-node cluster consisting of db-server1 and db-server2, a
virtual address may be called db-server. Clients then access db-server and are unaware of
which physical server actually hosts the db-server. Virtual IP addresses use a technology
known as IP Aliasing.
IP Address IP Address
Application Application
Storage Storage
Switchover
A switchover is an orderly shutdown of an application and its supporting resources on
one server and a controlled startup on another server. Typically this means unassigning
the virtual IP, stopping the application, and deporting shared storage. On the other
server, the process is reversed. Storage is imported, file systems are mounted, the
application is started, and the virtual IP address is brought up
Failover
A failover is similar to a switchover, except the ordered shutdown of applications on the
original node may not be possible, so the services are started on another node. The process
of starting the application on the node is identical in a failover or switchover.
4 VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Can My Application be Clustered?

Most applications can be placed under cluster control provided the basic guidelines are
met:
◆ Defined start, stop, and monitor procedures.
◆ Ability to restart in a known state.
◆ Ability to store required data on shared disks.
◆ Adherence to license requirements and host name dependencies.
Defined Start, Stop, and Monitor Procedures

The application to be clustered must have defined procedures for starting, stopping, and
monitoring.
Defined Start Procedure

The application must have a command to start it and all resources it may require, such as
mounted file systems, IP addresses, etc. VCS brings up the required resources in a specific
order, then brings up the application using the defined start procedure.
For example, to start an Oracle database, VCS first brings the required storage and file
systems online, then the database instance. To start the instance, VCS must know which
Oracle utility to call, such as sqlplus. To use this utility properly, VCS must also know the
Oracle user, instance ID, Oracle home directory, and the pfile.
Defined Stop Procedure

An individual instance of the application must be capable of being stopped without
affecting other instances. For example, killing all HTTPd processes on a Web server is
unacceptable because it would also stop other Web servers. Instead, the application must
have a defined procedure for stopping a single instance.
In many cases, a method to “clean up” after an application must also be identified. If VCS
cannot stop an application cleanly, it may call for a more forceful method, like a kill
signal. After a forced stop, the clean-up procedure may also be required for various
process- and application-specific items left behind, such as shared memory segments or
semaphores.
Chapter 1, Getting Acquainted with Clustering 5

Defined Monitor Procedure

The application must have a monitor procedure that determines if the specified
application instance is healthy. The application must allow individual monitoring of
unique instances.
For example, the monitor procedure for a Web server connects to the specified server and
verifies that it is serving Web pages. In a database environment, the monitoring
application can connect to the database server and perform SQL commands to verify read
and write to the database. In both cases, end-to-end monitoring is a far more robust check
of application health. The closer a test comes to matching what a user does, the better the
test is in discovering problems. However, there is a tradeoff: end-to-end monitoring
increases system load and may increase system response time. The level of monitoring
should be carefully balanced between ensuring the application is up and minimizing
monitor overhead.
Ability to Restart the Application in a Known State

When the application is taken offline, it must close out all tasks, store data properly on
shared disk, and exit. Stateful servers must not keep that state of clients in memory. States
should be written to shared storage to ensure proper failover.
Commercial databases such as Oracle, Sybase, or SQL Server are perfect examples of
well-written, crash-tolerant applications. On any client SQL request, the client is
responsible for holding the request until it receives acknowledgement from the server.
When the server receives a request, it is placed in a special redo log file. The data is
confirmed as being written to stable disk storage before acknowledging the client. After a
server crashes, the database recovers to the last-known committed state by mounting the
data tables and applying the redo logs. This returns the database to the time of the crash.
The client resubmits any outstanding client requests unacknowledged by the server, and
all others are contained in the redo logs. Note the cooperation between the client
application and the server. This must be factored in when assessing whether the
application is cluster-compatible.
If an application cannot recover gracefully after a server crashes, it cannot run in a cluster
environment. The takeover server cannot start up because of data corruption and other
problems.

External Data Storage

The application must be capable of storing all required data and configuration
information on shared disks. The exception to this rule is a true shared nothing cluster,
described in section “Shared Nothing Cluster” on page 34.
To meet this requirement, you may need specific setup options or soft links. For example,
a product may only install in /usr/local. This would require linking /usr/local to a
file system mounted from the shared storage device or mounting file system from the
shared device on /usr/local.
The application must also store data to disk rather than maintaining it in memory. The
takeover system must be capable of accessing all required information. This precludes the
use of anything inside a single system inaccessible by the peer, such as NVRAM
accelerator boards and other disk-caching mechanisms contained in a local host.
Licensing and Host Name Issues

The application must be capable of running on all servers designated as potential hosts,
which means strict adherence to licensing requirements and host name dependencies.
Changing host names can lead to significant management issues when multiple systems
have the same host name after an outage. Custom scripting to modify a system host name
on failover is not recommended. It is better to configure applications and licensing to run
properly on all hosts.
Chapter 1, Getting Acquainted with Clustering 7


VCS Technical Concepts 2
VERITAS Cluster Server (VCS) provides a framework for application management and
availability. It enables you to monitor systems and application services, and to restart
services on a different system when hardware or software fails. This chapter describes the
various components of VCS and how they interact with one another.
What is a VCS Cluster?

A VCS cluster is composed of a set of systems that provide scalability and high availability
for specified applications. VCS monitors and controls the applications in a cluster, and can
restart or move them in response to a variety of hardware and software faults. A cluster
consists of multiple systems connected with a dedicated communications infrastructure.
This infrastructure enables cluster members to exchange information on the status of
cluster resources.
Each cluster has a unique cluster ID. Systems in a cluster are connected by redundant
cluster communication links. Clusters can have from 1 to 32 member systems, or nodes.
Applications can be configured to run on specific nodes within the cluster. Nodes can be
individual systems, or they can be created with domains or partitions on enterprise-class
systems. Individual cluster nodes each run their own operating system and possess their
own boot device. Each node must run the same operating system within a single VCS
cluster.
Most applications in a cluster require access to shared application data for systems
hosting the application. Nodes sharing storage access are eligible to run an application.
Nodes without common storage cannot fail over an application that stores data to disk.
See “Defining Cluster Topologies” on page 23 for details.
9
Understanding Cluster Components
Resources
Resources are hardware or software entities, such as disk groups and file systems,
network interface cards (NIC), IP addresses, and applications. Controlling a resource
means bringing it online (starting), taking it offline (stopping), and monitoring the
resource.
Resource Dependencies
Resource dependencies determine the order in which resources are brought online or
taken offline when their associated service group is brought online or taken offline. For
example, a disk group must be imported before volumes in the disk group start, and
volumes must start before file systems are mounted. Conversely, file systems must be
unmounted before volumes stop, and volumes must stop before disk groups are
deported.
In VCS terminology, resources are categorized as parents or children. Child resources must
be online before parent resources can be brought online, and parent resources must be
taken offline before child resources can be taken offline.
Application requires database and IP address.

Application
Database IP Address
File Network
Disk Group
In the preceding figure, the disk group and the network card can be brought online
concurrently because they have no interdependencies. When each child resource required
by the parent is brought online, the parent is brought online, and so on up the tree, until
finally the application program is started. Conversely, when deactivating a service, the
VCS engine, HAD, begins at the top. In this example, the application is stopped first,
followed by the file system and the IP address, and so on down the tree until the
application program is stopped.

Resource Categories
Different types of resources require different levels of control. In VCS there are three
categories of resources:
◆ On-Off. VCS starts and stops On-Off resources as required. For example, VCS
imports a disk group when required, and deports it when it is no longer needed.
◆ On-Only. VCS starts On-Only resources, but does not stop them. For example, VCS
requires NFS daemons to be running to export a file system. VCS starts the daemons if
required, but does not stop them if the associated service group is taken offline.
◆ Persistent. These resources cannot be brought online or taken offline. For example, a
network interface card cannot be started or stopped, but it is required to configure an
IP address. A Persistent resource has an operation value of None. VCS monitors
Persistent resources to ensure their status and operation. Failure of a Persistent
resource triggers a service group failover.
Service Groups
A service group is a logical grouping of resources and resource dependencies. It is a
management unit that controls resource sets.
For example, a database service group may be composed of resources that manage logical
network (IP) addresses, the database management software (DBMS), the underlying file
systems, the logical volumes, and a set of physical disks managed by the volume manager
(typically VERITAS Volume Manager in a VCS cluster).
Application
File System IP Address
Disk Group Network
A single node may host any number of service groups, each providing a discrete service to
networked clients. Each service group is monitored and managed independently.
Independent management enables a group to be failed over automatically or manually
Chapter 2, VCS Technical Concepts 11

idled for administration or maintenance without necessarily affecting other service

groups. If the server crashes, all service groups on that node must be failed over
elsewhere.
VCS monitors each resource in a service group and, when a failure is detected, restarts
that service group. This could mean restarting it locally or moving it to another node and
then restarting it. The method is determined by the type of failure incurred. In the case of
local restart, the entire service group may not need to be restarted. It could be that only a
single resource within the group is restarted to restore the application service.
Administrative operations are performed on resources, including starting, stopping,
restarting, and monitoring at the service group level. Service group operations initiate
administrative operations for all resources within the group. For example, when a service
group is brought online, all resources within the group are also brought online. When a
failover occurs in VCS, resources never fail over individually–the entire service group
fails over. If there is more than one group defined on a server, one group may fail over
without affecting the other groups on the server.
Types of Service Groups

VCS service groups fall in three main categories: failover, parallel, and hybrid.
Failover Service Groups

A failover service group runs on one system in the cluster at a time. Failover groups are
used for most applications not designed to maintain data consistency when multiple
copies are started, including most databases and NFS servers. VCS assures that a service
group is online, partially online or in any state other than offline, such as attempting to go
online or attempting to go offline.
Parallel Service Groups

A parallel service group runs simultaneously on more than one system in the cluster. It is
more complex than a failover group, and requires an application that can be started safely
on more than one system at a time, with no threat of data corruption.
Hybrid Service Groups

A hybrid service group is for replicated data clusters and is a combination of the two
groups cited above. It behaves as a failover group within a system zone and a parallel
group across system zones. It cannot fail over across system zones, and a switch operation
on a hybrid group is allowed only if both systems are within the same system zone. If
there are no systems within a zone to which a hybrid group can fail over, the nofailover

trigger is invoked on the lowest numbered node. Hybrid service groups adhere to the
same rules governing group dependencies as do parallel groups. See the “Categories of
Service Group Dependencies” on page 387 for more information.
The ClusterService Group

The ClusterService group is a special purpose service group, which contains resources
required by VCS components. The group contains resources for Cluster Manager (Web
Console), Notification, and the wide-area connector (WAC) process used in global
clusters.
The ClusterService group can fail over to any node despite restrictions such as “frozen.” It
is the first service group to come online and cannot be autodisabled. The group comes
online on the first node that goes in the running state. The VCS engine discourages taking
the group offline manually.

Agents
Agents are VCS processes that manage resources of predefined resource types according
to commands received from the VCS engine, HAD. A system has one agent per resource
type that monitors all resources of that type; for example, a single IP agent manages all IP
resources.
When the agent is started, it obtains the necessary configuration information from VCS. It
then periodically monitors the resources, and updates VCS with the resource status.
The agent provides the type-specific logic to control resources. The action required to
bring a resource online or take it offline differs significantly for each resource type. VCS
employs agents to handle this functional disparity between resource types. For example,
bringing a disk group online requires importing the disk group, but bringing a database
online requires starting the database manager process and issuing the appropriate startup
commands.
VCS agents are multithreaded, meaning a single VCS agent monitors multiple resources
of the same resource type on one host. For example, the IP agent monitors all IP resources.
VCS monitors resources when they are online and offline to ensure they are not started on
systems on which they are not supposed to run. For this reason, VCS starts the agent for
any resource configured to run on a system when the cluster is started. If no resources of a
particular type are configured, the agent is not started. For example, if there are no Oracle
resources in your configuration, the Oracle agent is not started on the system.
The Agent Framework

VCS agents provide the capability to control a wide array of hardware and software
resources. The agent abstraction makes it simple for a developer to support new and
changing applications in the VCS control framework.
The VCS agent framework is a set of common, predefined functions compiled into each
agent. These functions include the ability to connect to the VCS engine (HAD) and to
understand common configuration attributes. The agent framework frees the developer
from developing support functions required by the cluster, and instead focus on
controlling a specific resource type. For more information on developing agents, see the
VERITAS Cluster Server Agent Developer’s Guide.

Agent Operations
Agents carry out specific operations on resources on behalf of the cluster engine. The
functions an agent performs are entry points, code sections that carry out specific
functions, such as online, offline, and monitor. Entry points can be compiled into the
agent itself or can be implemented as individual Perl scripts. For details on any of the
following entry points, see the VERITAS Cluster Server Agent Developer’s Guide.
◆ Online—Brings a specific resource ONLINE from an OFFLINE state.

◆ Offline—Takes a resource from an ONLINE state to an OFFLINE state.
◆ Monitor—Tests the status of a resource to determine if the resource is online or
offline.
During initial node startup, the monitor entry point probes and determines the status
of all resources on the system. The monitor entry point runs after every online and
offline operation to verify the operation was successful.
The monitor entry point is also run periodically to verify that the resource remains in
its correct state. Under normal circumstances, the monitor is run every 60 seconds
when a resource is online, and every 300 seconds when a resource is expected to be
offline.
◆ Clean—Cleans up after a resource fails to come online, fails to go offline, or fails while
in an ONLINE state. The clean entry point is designed to “clean up” after an
application, and ensures the host system is returned to a valid state. For example, the
clean function may remove shared memory segments or IPC resources left behind by
a database.
◆ Action—Performs actions that can be completed in a short time (typically, a few
seconds), and which are outside the scope of traditional activities such as online and
offline.
◆ Info—Retrieves specific information for an online resource.
The retrieved information is stored in the resource attribute ResourceInfo. This entry
point is invoked periodically by the agent framework when the resource type
attribute InfoInterval is set to a non-zero value. The InfoInterval attribute indicates the
period after which the info entry point must be invoked. For example, the Mount
agent may use this entry point to indicate the space available on the file system.

Agent Classifications
Bundled Agents
Bundled agents are packaged with VCS. They include agents for Disk, Mount, IP, and
various other resource types. See the VERITAS Bundled Agents Reference Guide for a
complete list.
Enterprise Agents
Enterprise agents control third-party applications and are licensed separately. These
include agents for Oracle, NetBackup, and Sybase. Each enterprise agent includes
instructions on installing and configuring the agent. Contact your VERITAS sales
representative for more information.
Custom Agents
Custom agents can be developed by you or by VERITAS consultants. Typically, agents are
developed because the user requires control of an application that is not covered by
current bundled or enterprise agents. See the VERITAS Cluster Server Agent Developer’s
Guide for information on developing a custom agent, or contact VERITAS Enterprise
Consulting Services.

Cluster Control, Communications, and Membership

Cluster communications ensure VCS is continuously aware of the status of each system’s
service groups and resources. They also enable VCS to recognize which systems are active
members of the cluster, which are joining or leaving the cluster, and which have failed.
High-Availability Daemon (HAD)

The high-availability daemon, or HAD, is the main VCS daemon running on each system.
It is responsible for building the running cluster configuration from the configuration
files, distributing the information when new nodes join the cluster, responding to
operator input, and taking corrective action when something fails. It is typically known as
the VCS engine. The engine uses agents to monitor and manage resources. Information
about resource states is collected from the agents on the local system and forwarded to all
cluster members. The local engine also receives information from the other cluster
members to update its view of the cluster. HAD operates as a replicated state machine
(RSM). This means HAD running on each node has a completely synchronized view of
the resource status on each node. Each instance of HAD follows the same code path for
corrective action, as required. The RSM is maintained through the use of a purpose-built
communications package consisting of the protocols Low Latency Transport (LLT) and
Group Membership Services/Atomic Broadcast (GAB).
Low Latency Transport (LLT)

VCS uses private network communications between cluster nodes for cluster
maintenance. The Low Latency Transport functions as a high-performance, low-latency
replacement for the IP stack, and is used for all cluster communications. VERITAS
recommends two independent networks between all cluster nodes, which provide the
required redundancy in the communication path and enable VCS to discriminate between
a network failure and a system failure. LLT has two major functions.
◆ Traffic Distribution
LLT distributes (load balances) internode communication across all available private
network links. This distribution means that all cluster communications are evenly
distributed across all private network links (maximum eight) for performance and
fault resilience. If a link fails, traffic is redirected to the remaining links.
◆ Heartbeat
LLT is responsible for sending and receiving heartbeat traffic over network links. This
heartbeat is used by the Group Membership Services function of GAB to determine
cluster membership.

Group Membership Services/Atomic Broadcast (GAB)

The Group Membership Services/Atomic Broadcast protocol (GAB) is responsible for
cluster membership and cluster communications.
◆ Cluster Membership
GAB maintains cluster membership by receiving input on the status of the heartbeat
from each node via LLT. When a system no longer receives heartbeats from a peer, it
marks the peer as DOWN and excludes the peer from the cluster. In most
configurations, the I/O fencing module is used to prevent network partitions. See
“Cluster Membership” on page 314 for more information.
◆ Cluster Communications
GAB’s second function is reliable cluster communications. GAB provides guaranteed
delivery of point-to-point and broadcast messages to all nodes. The VCS engine uses a
private IOCTL (provided by GAB) to tell GAB that it is alive.
I/O Fencing Module

The I/O fencing module implements a quorum-type functionality to ensure only one
cluster survives a split of the private network. I/O fencing also provides the ability to
perform SCSI-III persistent reservations on failover. The shared VERITAS Volume
Manager disk groups offer complete protection against data corruption by nodes
assumed to be excluded from cluster membership. See “VCS I/O Fencing” on page 318
for more information.

Putting the Pieces Together

In the following example, a two-node cluster exports an NFS file system to clients. Both
nodes are connected to shared storage, which enables them to access the directories being
shared. A single service group, “NFS_Group,” fails over between System A and System B,
as necessary.
The VCS engine, HAD, reads the configuration file, determines what agents are required
to control the resources in the service group, and starts the agents. HAD then determines
the order in which to bring the resources online, based on the resource dependencies. VCS
issues online commands to the corresponding agents in the correct order.
The following figure shows the dependency graph for the service group NFS_Group.
nfs_ip
nfs_nic home_share
home_mount NFS_nfs_group_16
shared_dg1
VCS starts the agents for disk group, mount, share, NFS, NIC, and IP on all systems
configured to run NFS_Group. The resource dependencies are configured as:
◆ The /home file system, home_mount, requires the disk group, shared_dg1, to be
online before mounting.
◆ The NFS export of the home file system requires the file system to be mounted and the
NFS daemons be running.
◆ The high-availability IP address, nfs_IP, requires the file system to be shared and the
network interface to be up, represented as nfs_nic.
◆ The NFS daemons and the disk group have no child dependencies, so they can start in
parallel.
◆ The NIC resource is a persistent resource and does not require starting.

The service group NFS_Group can be configured to start automatically on either node in
the preceding example. It can then move or fail over to the second node on command or
automatically if the first node fails. Upon failover or relocation, VCS takes the resources
offline beginning at the top of the graph and starts them on the second node beginning at
the bottom.

Other VCS Processes
Other VCS Processes

In addition to the processes and components previously cited in this chapter, there are
several others that play a key role in VCS operations.
Command-Line Interface (CLI)

The VCS command-line interface provides a comprehensive set of commands for
managing and administering the cluster. For more information, see “Administering the
Cluster from the Command Line” on page 59.
Cluster Manager (Java Console)

A cross-platform Java-based graphical user interface that provides complete
administration capabilities for your cluster. The console runs on any system inside or
outside the cluster, on any operating system that supports Java. For more information, see
“Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Java Console)” on page 109.
Cluster Manager (Web Console)

A Web-based graphical user interface for monitoring and administering the cluster. For
more information, see “Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Web Console)”
on page 211.
The hacf Utility

Verifies a configuration file. Can also be used by HAD to load a configuration file at run
time. See “Managing the VCS Configuration File: The hacf Utility” on page 50 for more
information about the utility.
The hashadow Process

A process that monitors and, when required, restarts HAD.

Other VCS Processes

Defining Cluster Topologies 3
This chapter describes VCS failover configurations, including their advantages and
limitations. It also provides information on potential storage and cluster configurations
according to location of nodes, connections to storage, and connections to other nodes.
Basic Failover Configurations

This section describes basic failover configurations, including asymmetric, symmetric,
and N-to-1.
23
Asymmetric or Active/Passive Configuration

In an asymmetric configuration, an application runs on a primary, or master, server. A
dedicated redundant server is present to take over on any failure. The redundant server is
not configured to perform any other functions. In the following illustration, a database
application is moved, or failed over, from the master to the redundant server.
Before Failover After Failover
Application
✗ Application
Asymmetric Failover
This configuration is the simplest and most reliable. The redundant server is on stand-by
with full performance capability. If other applications are running, they present no
compatibility issues.

Symmetric or Active/Active Configuration

In a symmetric configuration, each server is configured to run a specific application or
service and provide redundancy for its peer. In the example below, each server is running
one application service group. When a failure occurs, the surviving server hosts both
application groups.
Before Failover After Failover
Application1 Application2
✗ Application1
Application2
Symmetric Failover
Symmetric configurations appear more efficient in terms of hardware utilization. In the
asymmetric example, the redundant server requires only as much processor power as its
peer. On failover, performance remains the same. In the symmetric example, the
redundant server requires not only enough processor power to run the existing
application, but also enough to run the new application it takes over.
Further issues can arise in symmetric configurations when multiple applications running
on the same system do not co-exist properly. Some applications work well with multiple
copies started on the same system, but others fail. Issues can also arise when two
applications with different I/O and memory requirements run on the same system.
Chapter 3, Defining Cluster Topologies 25

N-to-1 Configuration
An N-to-1 failover configuration reduces the cost of hardware redundancy and still
provides a potential, dedicated spare. In an asymmetric configuration there is no
performance penalty and there are no issues with multiple applications running on the
same system; however, the drawback is the 100 percent redundancy cost at the server
level.
Redundant Server
Application Application Application Application
N-to-1 Configuration
An N-to-1 configuration is based on the concept that multiple, simultaneous server

failures are unlikely; therefore, a single redundant server can protect multiple active
servers. When a server fails, its applications move to the redundant server. For example,
in a 4-to-1 configuration, one server can protect four servers, which reduces redundancy
cost at the server level from 100 percent to 25 percent. In this configuration, a dedicated,
redundant server is cabled to all storage and acts as a spare when a failure occurs.

The problem with this design is the issue of failback. When the original, failed server is
repaired, all services normally hosted on the server must be failed back to free the spare
server and restore redundancy to the cluster.
✗
Redundant Server
Application Application Application
N-to-1 Failover Requiring Failback

Most shortcomings of early N-to-1 cluster configurations were caused by the limitations
of storage architecture. Typically, it was impossible to connect more than two hosts to a
storage array without complex cabling schemes and their inherent reliability problems, or
resorting to expensive arrays with multiple controller ports.

Advanced Failover Configurations

The advent of SANs, combined with second-generation high-availability (HA) products
such as VCS, has enabled several new and useful failover configurations, described in the
following sections.
N + 1 Configuration
With the capabilities introduced by storage area networks (SANs), you can not only create
larger clusters, but more importantly, can connect multiple servers to the same storage.
Service Group Service Group
Spare
N+1 Configuration
A dedicated, redundant server is no longer required in the configuration. Instead of
N-to-1 configurations, there is N+1. In advanced N+1 configurations, an extra server in
the cluster is spare capacity only.

When a server fails, the application service group restarts on the spare. After the server is
repaired, it becomes the spare. This configuration eliminates the need for a second
application failure to fail back the service group to the primary system. Any server can
provide redundancy to any other server.
Service Group
✗
Service Group
Service Group
Service Group
N+1 Failover

N-to-N Configuration
An N-to-N configuration refers to multiple service groups running on multiple servers,
with each service group capable of being failed over to different servers in the cluster. For
example, consider a four-node cluster with each node supporting three critical database
instances.
SG SG SG SG
SG SG SG SG
SG SG SG SG
SG = Service Group
N-to-N Configuration

If any node fails, each instance is started on a different node, ensuring no single node
becomes overloaded. This configuration is a logical evolution of N + 1: it provides cluster
standby capacity instead of a standby server.
✗
SG SG SG
SG SG SG
SG SG
SG SG SG
SG SG
SG SG SG
SG = Service Group
N-to-N Failover
N-to-N configurations require careful testing to ensure all applications are compatible.
Applications must also have complete control of where service groups fail when an event
occurs.

Cluster Topologies and Storage Configurations

This section describes commonly-used cluster topologies, along with the storage
configuration used to support the topologies.
Basic Shared Storage Cluster

In this configuration, a single cluster shares access to a storage device, typically over a
SAN. An application can only be started on a node with access to the required storage. For
example, in a multi-node cluster, any node designated to run a specific database instance
must have access to the storage where the database’s tablespaces, redo logs, control files,
etc., are stored. Shared disk architecture is also the easiest to implement and maintain.
When a node or application fails, all data required to start on another node is stored on
the shared disk.
Shared Disk Architecture for Basic Cluster

Campus, or “Metropolitan,” Shared Storage Cluster

In a campus environment, VCS and VERITAS Volume Manager are used to create a
cluster that spans multiple data centers or buildings. Instead of a single storage array, data
is mirrored between arrays using VERITAS Volume Manager. This provides
synchronized copies of data at both sites. This procedure is identical to mirroring between
two arrays in a data center, only now it is spread over a distance. The requirements for a
campus cluster are two independent network links for heartbeat, public network
connectivity between buildings on same IP subnet, and two storage arrays, each
providing highly available disks.
Site A Site B
SG SG SG SG SG
SG SG
SG SG SG
SG SG
SG SG SG SG
VERITAS Volume Manager

RAID 1 Mirror of
Reliable Disks
SG = Service Group
Campus Shared Storage Cluster

Shared Nothing Cluster

Systems in shared nothing clusters do not share access to disks; they maintain separate
copies of data. VCS shared nothing clusters typically have read-only data stored locally on
both systems. For example, a pair of systems in a cluster that includes a critical Web server
which provides access to a backend database. The Web server runs on local disks and
does not require data sharing at the Web server level.
Shared Nothing Cluster

Replicated Data Cluster

In a replicated data cluster there is no shared disk. Instead, a data replication product
synchronizes copies of data between nodes. Replication can take place at the application,
host, and storage levels. Application-level replication products, such as Oracle
DataGuard, maintain consistent copies of data between systems at the SQL or database
levels. Host-based replication products, such as VERITAS Volume Replicator, maintain
consistent storage at the logical volume level. Storage- or array-based replication
maintains consistent copies of data at the disk or RAID LUN level.
Regardless of which replication technology is used, the solution must provide data access
that is identical to the shared disks. If the failover management software requires failover
due to a node or storage failure, the takeover node must possess an identical copy of data.
This typically implies synchronous replication. At the same time, when the original server
or storage is repaired, it must return to standby capability quickly to restore redundancy
in the cluster. For example, if the replication solution must perform a full synchronization
of data, redundancy may not be restored for an extended period.
The following illustration shows a hybrid shared storage/replicated data cluster, in which
different failover priorities are assigned to nodes according to particular service groups.
Service Group
Replication
Shared Storage Replicated Data Cluster

Replicated data clusters can also be configured without the ability to fail over locally, but
this configuration is not recommended. See “Setting up a Replicated Data Cluster
Configuration” on page 525 for more information.

Global Cluster
A global cluster links clusters at separate locations and enables wide-area failover and
disaster recovery.
Local clustering provides local failover for each site or building. Campus and replicated
cluster configurations offer protection against disasters affecting limited geographic
regions. Large scale disasters such as major floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes can cause
outages for an entire city or region. In such situations, data availability can be ensured by
migrating applications to sites located considerable distances apart.
Client Client Client Client
Public Clients
Cluster A Network Redirected Cluster B
Application
Failover
Oracle Oracle
Group Group
Replicated
Data
Separate Separate
Storage Storage
Global Cluster
In a global cluster, if an application or a system fails, the application is migrated to
another system within the same cluster. If the entire cluster fails, the application is
migrated to a system in another cluster. Clustering on a global level also requires
replicating shared data to the remote site. See “How VCS Global Clusters Work” on
page 446 for more information.

Configuration Concepts 4
Configuring VCS means conveying to the VCS engine the definitions of the cluster,
service groups, resources, and resource dependencies. VCS uses two configuration files in
a default configuration:
◆ The main.cf file defines the entire cluster.
◆ The types.cf file defines the resource types.
By default, both files reside in the directory /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config. Additional

files similar to types.cf may be present if agents have been added, such as Oracletypes.cf.
In a VCS cluster, the first system to be brought online reads the configuration file and
creates an internal (in-memory) representation of the configuration. Systems brought
online after the first system derive their information from systems running in the cluster.
You must stop the cluster while you are modifying the files from the command line.
Changes made by editing the configuration files take effect when the cluster is restarted.
The node on which the changes were made should be the first node to be brought back
online.
37
The VCS Configuration Language
The VCS Configuration Language

The VCS configuration language specifies the makeup of service groups and their
associated entities, such as resource types, resources, and attributes. These specifications
are expressed in configuration files, whose names contain the suffix .cf.
For example, the body of the configuration is in main.cf. Using an include statement, it
references the file types.cf, which specifies resource types.
There are three ways to generate configuration files:
✔ Use Cluster Manager (Java Console).
✔ Use the command-line interface.
✔ If VCS is not running, use a text editor to create and modify the files.
The main.cf File

The format of the main.cf file comprises include clauses and definitions for the cluster,
systems, service groups, and resources. The main.cf file also includes service group and
resource dependency clauses.
Include Clauses
Include clauses incorporate additional configuration files into main.cf. These additional
files typically contain type definitions, including the types.cf file. Other type definitions
must be included as required. Typically, custom agents add type definitions in their own
files. Most customers and VERITAS consultants do not modify the types.cf file, but
instead create additional type files.
Cluster Definition
This section of main.cf defines the attributes of the cluster, including the cluster name and
the names of the cluster users.

The main.cf File
System Definition
Each system designated as part of the cluster is listed in this section of main.cf. The names
listed as system names must match the name returned by the command uname -a.
System names are preceded with the keyword “system.” For any system to be used in a
service group definition, it must be defined in this section. Each service group can be
configured to run on a subset of systems defined in this section.
Service Group Definition

Service group definitions in main.cf comprise the attributes of a particular service group.
See “Service Group Attributes” on page 625 for a complete list. The following information
describes two common service group attributes: SystemList and AutoStartList.
SystemList Attribute
The SystemList attribute designates all systems on which a service group can come online.
By default, the order of systems in the list defines the priority of systems used in a
failover. For example, the definition SystemList = { SystemA, SystemB, SystemC }
configures SystemA to be the first choice on failover, followed by SystemB and then
SystemC.
System priority may also be assigned explicitly in the SystemList attribute by assigning
numeric values to each system name. For example: SystemList = { SystemA=0,
SystemB=1, SystemC=2 }
If you assign numeric priority values, VCS assigns a priority to the system without a
number by adding 1 to the priority of the preceding system. For example, if the
SystemList is defined as SystemList = { SystemA, SystemB=2, SystemC }, VCS
assigns the values SystemA = 0, SystemB = 2, SystemC = 3.
Note that a duplicate numeric priority value may be assigned when the following occurs:
SystemList = { SystemA, SystemB=0, SystemC }
The numeric values assigned are SystemA = 0, SystemB = 0, SystemC = 1.
To avoid the same priority number being assigned to more than one system, do not assign
any numbers or assign different numbers to each system in SystemList.
AutoStartList Attribute
List of systems on which the service group will be started with VCS (usually at system
boot). For example, if a system is a member of a failover service group’s AutoStartList
attribute, and if the service group is not already running on another system in the cluster,
the group is brought online when the system is started.
Chapter 4, Configuration Concepts 39

The main.cf File
Resource Definition
This section in main.cf defines each resource used in a particular service group. Resources
can be added in any order and the utility hacf arranges the resources alphabetically the
first time the configuration file is run.
Service Group Dependency Clause

To configure a service group dependency, place the keyword “requires” in the service
group declaration of the main.cf file. Position the dependency clause before the resource
dependency specifications and after the resource declarations.
Resource Dependency Clause

A dependency between resources is indicated by the keyword “requires” between two
resource names. This indicates the second resource (the child) must be online before the
first resource (the parent) can be brought online. Conversely, the parent must be offline
before the child can be taken offline. Also, faults of the children are propagated to the
parent.
Example 1: Initial Configuration

When VCS is installed, a basic main.cf configuration file is created with the cluster name,
systems in the cluster, and a Cluster Manager user “admin” with the password
“password.”
The following is an example of the main.cf for cluster “demo” and systems “SystemA”
and “SystemB.”
include "types.cf"
cluster demo (
UserNames = { admin = cDRpdxPmHzpS }
)
system SystemA
system SystemB

The main.cf File
Example 2: The main.cf for a Two-Node Asymmetric NFS

Cluster
The following example is a basic two-node cluster exporting an NFS file system. The
systems are configured as:
◆ servers: Server1 and Server2
◆ storage: One VxVM disk group, shared1
◆ file system: /home
◆ IP address: 192.168.1.3 IP_nfs1
◆ public interface: eth0
◆ Server1 is primary location to start the NFS_group1
In an NFS configuration, the resource dependencies must be configured to bring up the IP
address last. This prevents the client from accessing the server until everything is ready,
and preventing unnecessary “Stale File Handle” errors on the clients.
include "types.cf"
cluster demo (
UserNames = { admin = cDRpdxPmHpzS }
)
system Server1
system Server2
group NFS_group1 (
SystemList = { Server1, Server2 }
AutoStartList = { Server1 }
)
DiskGroup DG_shared1 (
DiskGroup = shared1
)
IP IP_nfs1 (
Device = eth0
Address = "192.168.1.3"
)

The main.cf File
Mount Mount_home (
MountPoint = "/export/home"
BlockDevice = "/dev/vx/dsk/shared1/home_vol"
FsckOpt = -y
MountOpt = rw
)
NFS NFS_group1_16 (
Nproc = 16
)
NIC NIC_group1_eth0 (
Device = eth0
)
Share Share_home (
PathName = "/export/home"
Client = "*"
)
IP_nfs1 requires Share_home

IP_nfs1 requires NIC_group1_en0
Mount_home requires DG_shared1
Share_home requires NFS_group1_16
Share_home requires Mount_home

The types.cf File
The types.cf File

The types.cf file describes standard resource types to the VCS engine; specifically, the data
required to control a specific resource. The following example illustrates a DiskGroup
resource type definition.
type DiskGroup (
static int NumThreads = 1
static int OnlineRetryLimit = 1
static str ArgList[] = { DiskGroup, StartVolumes, StopVolumes,
MonitorOnly, MonitorReservation, tempUseFence}
str DiskGroup
boolean StartVolumes = 0
boolean StopVolumes = 0
boolean MonitorReservation = 0
temp str tempUseFence = INVALID
)
The types definition performs two important functions. First, it defines the type of values
that may be set for each attribute. In the DiskGroup example, the NumThreads and
OnlineRetryLimit attributes are both classified as int, or integer. The DiskGroup,
StartVolumes and StopVolumes attributes are defined as str, or strings. See “Attribute
Data Types” on page 45 for more information.
The second critical piece of information provided by the type definition is the ArgList
attribute. The line static str ArgList[] = { xxx, yyy, zzz } defines the order
in which parameters are passed to the agents for starting, stopping, and monitoring
resources. For example, when VCS wants to bring the disk group shared_dg1 online, it
passes the following arguments to the online command for the DiskGroup agent:
shared_dg1 1 1 <null>
The sequence of arguments indicates the online command, the name of the resource, then
the contents of the ArgList. Since MonitorOnly is not set, it is passed as a null. This is
always the order: command, resource name, ArgList.

The types.cf File
For another example, review the following main.cf and types.cf representing an IP
resource:
main.cf
IP nfs_ip1 (
Device = eth0
Address = "192.168.1.201"
)
types.cf
type IP (
static str ArgList[] = { Device, Address, NetMask, Options}
NameRule = IP_ + resource.Address
str Device
str Address
str NetMask
str Options
)
The high-availability address is configured on the interface defined by the Device

attribute. The IP address is enclosed in double quotes because the string contains periods.
See “Attribute Data Types” on page 45.
The VCS engine passes the identical arguments to the IP agent for online, offline, clean
and monitor. It is up to the agent to use the arguments it requires. All resource names
must be unique in a VCS cluster.

Attributes
Attributes
VCS components are configured using attributes. Attributes contain data about the cluster,
systems, service groups, resources, resource types, agent, and heartbeats if using global
clusters. For example, the value of a service group’s SystemList attribute specifies on
which systems the group is configured and the priority of each system within the group.
Each attribute has a definition and a value. Attributes also have default values assigned
when a value is not specified.
Attribute Data Types
Data Type Description
String A string is a sequence of characters enclosed by double quotes. A string may

also contain double quotes, but the quotes must be immediately preceded by a
backslash. A backslash is represented in a string as \\. Quotes are not required
if a string begins with a letter, and contains only letters, numbers, dashes (-),
and underscores (_). For example, a string defining a network interface such as
hme0 or eth0 does not require quotes as it contains only letters and numbers.
However a string defining an IP address contains periods and requires quotes,
such as: “192.168.100.1”
Integer Signed integer constants are a sequence of digits from 0 to 9. They may be
preceded by a dash, and are interpreted in base 10. Integers cannot exceed the
value of a 32-bit signed integer: 21471183247.
Boolean A boolean is an integer, the possible values of which are 0 (false) and 1 (true).

Attributes
Attribute Dimensions
Dimension Description
Scalar A scalar has only one value. This is the default dimension.
Vector A vector is an ordered list of values. Each value is indexed using a positive
integer beginning with zero. A set of brackets ([]) denotes that the dimension is
a vector. Brackets are specified after the attribute name on the attribute
definition. For example, an agent’s ArgList is defined as:
static str ArgList[] = { RVG, DiskGroup, Primary, SRL,
RLinks }
Keylist A keylist is an unordered list of strings, and each string is unique within the list.
For example, to designate the list of systems on which a service group will be
started with VCS (usually at system boot):
AutoStartList = { SystemA, SystemB, SystemC }
Association An association is an unordered list of name-value pairs. Each pair is separated

by a comma. A set of braces ({}) denotes that an attribute is an association.
Braces are specified after the attribute name on the attribute definition. For
example, to designate the list of systems on which the service group is
configured to run and the system’s priorities:
SystemList = { SystemA=1, SystemB=2, SystemC=3 }
Type-Dependent Attributes
Type-dependent attributes apply to a particular resource type. For example the
MountPath attribute applies only to the Mount resource type. Similarly, the Address
attribute applies only to the IP resource type.
Type-Independent Attributes
Type-independent attributes apply to all resource types. This means there is a set of
attributes that all agents understand, regardless of resource type. These attributes are
coded into the agent framework when the agent is developed. Attributes such as
RestartLimit and MonitorInterval can be set for any resource type.

Attributes
Resource-Specific Attributes
Resource-specific attributes apply to a specific resource. They are discrete values that
define the “personality” of a given resource. For example, the IP agent knows how to use
the Address attribute. Setting an IP address is done only within a specific resource
definition. Resource-specific attributes are set in the main.cf file.
Type-Specific Attributes
Type-specific attributes are set for all resources of a specific type. For example, setting
MonitorInterval for the IP resource affects all IP resources. The value for MonitorInterval
would be placed in the types.cf file. In some cases, attributes can be placed in main.cf or
types.cf. For example, setting StartVolumes = 1 for the DiskGroup types.cf would
default StartVolumes to True for all DiskGroup resources. Setting the value in main.cf
would set StartVolumes on a per-resource basis.
In the example below, StartVolumes and StopVolumes are set in types.cf. This sets the
default for all DiskGroup resources to start all volumes contained in a disk group when
the disk group is brought online. If no value for StartVolumes or StopVolumes is set in
main.cf, they will default to True.
type DiskGroup (
static int NumThreads = 1
static int OnlineRetryLimit = 1
static str ArgList[] = { DiskGroup, StartVolumes, StopVolumes,
MonitorOnly, MonitorReservation, tempUseFence}
str DiskGroup
boolean StartVolumes = 0
boolean StopVolumes = 0
boolean MonitorReservation = 0
temp str tempUseFence = INVALID
)
Adding the required lines in main.cf allows this value to be modified. In the next excerpt,
the main.cf is used to override the default type-specific attribute with a resource-specific
attribute:
DiskGroup shared_dg1 (
DiskGroup = shared_dg1
StartVolumes = 0
StopVolumes = 0
)

Attributes
Static Attributes
Static attributes apply for every resource of a particular type. These attributes are prefixed
with the term static and are not included in the resource’s argument list. You can override
some static attributes and assign them resource-specific values. See “Overriding Resource
Type Static Attributes” on page 92 for more information.
Global and Local Attributes

An attribute whose value applies to all systems is global in scope. An attribute whose
value applies on a per-system basis is local in scope. The “at” operator (@) indicates the
system to which a local value applies. An example of local attributes can be found in the
MultiNICA resource type where IP addresses and routing options are assigned per
machine.
MultiNICA mnic (
Device@vcslx3 = { eth0 = "166.98.16.103", eth1 = "166.98.16.103" }
Device@vcslx4 = { eth0 = "166.98.16.104", eth2 = "166.98.16.104" }
NetMask = "255.255.255.0"
RouteOptions@vcslx3 = "-net 192.100.201.0 192.100.13.7"
RouteOptions@vcslx4 = "-net 192.100.201.1 192.100.13.8"
)
Temporary Attributes
You can define temporary attributes in the types.cf file. The values of temporary attributes
remain in memory as long as the VCS engine (HAD) is running. These attribute values are
not stored in the main.cf file.
The command haattr -add -temp adds the temporary resource into memory. VCS does
not require the configuration to be in read/write mode to add or delete these attributes
using the command line. If temporary attributes are defined and the configuration is
dumped, all temporary attributes and their default values are saved to types.cf. When
HAD is restarted, the temporary attributes are defined and available. If HAD is stopped
completely within the cluster without an intervening dump, values of temporary
attributes are not available when HAD is restarted.
The scope of these attributes is local or global. If the scope is local on any node in the
cluster, the value remains in memory after the node fails. Also, local attributes can be
defined prior to HAD starting on the node. In the case when HAD is restarted and the
node rejoins the cluster, the value remains the same as when the node was running.
You must have the same permissions required to run modification commands from the
command line, or the Cluster Manager Java and Web Consoles, regardless of whether an
attribute is temporary or not. Some modifications require the configuration be opened; for

Keywords/Reserved Words
example, changing an attribute’s default value. See “Adding, Deleting, and Modifying
Resource Attributes” on page 93 for command-line instructions. You can define and
modify these attributes only while the VCS engine is running. Temporary attributes
cannot be converted to permanent, and vice-versa, but they can persist when dumped to
the types.cf file.
Note Duplicate names are not allowed for temporary attributes on a per-type basis. If a
temporary attribute cannot be created, verify that the name does not already exist
for that type in the types.cf file.
Keywords/Reserved Words
The following list includes the current keywords reserved for the VCS configuration
language. Note they are case-sensitive.
action false local requires stop
after firm offline resource str
ArgListValues global online set system
before group MonitorOnly Signaled System
boolean Group Name soft temp
cluster hard NameRule start type
Cluster heartbeat Path Start Type
condition int Probed state
ConfidenceLevel IState remote State
event keylist remotecluster static

Managing the VCS Configuration File: The hacf Utility
Managing the VCS Configuration File: The hacf Utility

The hacf utility translates the VCS configuration language into a syntax that can be read
by the VCS engine. Specifically, hacf translates the contents of the main configuration file,
main.cf, into commands for the VCS server.
Verifying a Configuration
Use hacf to verify (check syntax of) the main.cf and the type definition file, types.cf. VCS
does not execute if hacf detects errors in the configuration. No error message and a return
value of zero indicates that the syntax is legal.
# hacf -verify config_directory
The variable config_directory refers to directories containing a main.cf file and any .cf files
included in main.cf.
Loading a Configuration
The hacf utility verifies the configuration before loading it into VCS. The configuration is
not loaded under the following conditions:
◆ If main.cf or include files are missing.
◆ If syntax errors appear in the .cf files.
◆ If the configuration file is marked “stale.” A .stale file is created in the configuration
directory when you indicate that you intend to change a running configuration. See
“Setting the Configuration to Read/Write” on page 67 for details.
Dumping a Running Configuration

A configuration is dumped (written to disk) when you indicate that you have finished
changing it. The configuration is also dumped on a system when the system joins the VCS
cluster. When VCS dumps a running configuration, it is always pretty-printed. VCS
removes the .stale file following a successful dump. You can dump a configuration from
the command line using the haconf -dump -makero command.
Multiple Versions of .cf Files

When hacf creates a .cf file, it does not overwrite existing .cf files. A copy of the file
remains in the directory, and its name includes a suffix of the date and time it was created,
such as main.cf.03Dec2001.175904. In addition, the previous version of any .cf file is saved
with the suffix .previous; for example, main.cf.previous.

Section II. Administration-Putting VCS to Work
This section introduces the VCS user privilege model and provides information on
monitoring and administering VCS from the graphical-user interfaces and the command
line. The section also describes how to configure Application, Apache, and NFS service
groups using configuration wizards.
Section II includes the following chapters:
◆ Chapter 5. “Introducing the VCS User Privilege Model” on page 53
◆ Chapter 6. “Administering the Cluster from the Command Line” on page 59
◆ Chapter 7. “Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Java Console)” on

page 109
◆ Chapter 8. “Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Web Console)” on

page 211
◆ Chapter 9. “Using VCS Configuration Wizards” on page 287

Introducing the VCS User Privilege Model 5
This chapter provides an overview of the VCS user-privilege model. For information
about privileges required to run specific commands, see “VCS User
Privileges—Administration Matrices” on page 595.
VCS User Privileges

Cluster operations are enabled or restricted depending on the permissions with which
you log on to VCS. There are various privilege levels, or categories, for users
administering VCS. Each category is assigned specific privileges, and some categories
overlap; for example, Cluster Administrator includes privileges for Group Administrator,
which includes privileges for Group Operator. The category Cluster Guest has the fewest
privileges, Cluster Administrator the most. For instructions on how to add a user and
assign privileges, see “Adding a User” on page 146.
The following illustration shows the categories of user privileges and how they overlap
with one another.
Cluster Administrator
includes privileges for
Cluster Operator
includes privileges for
Cluster Guest
Group Administrator
includes privileges for Group Operator
53
VCS User Privileges
The following table lists the VCS user categories, with a summary of their associated
privileges.
User Category Privileges
Cluster Administrator- Users in this category are assigned full privileges, including making
configuration read-write, creating and deleting groups, setting group
dependencies, adding and deleting systems, and adding, modifying,
and deleting users. All group and resource operations are allowed.
Users with Cluster Administrator privileges can also change other
users’ privileges and passwords.
Note Cluster Administrators can change their own and other users’
passwords only after changing the configuration to read/write
mode.
Users in this category can create and delete resource types.
Cluster Operator- In this category, all cluster-, group-, and resource-level operations are
allowed, including modifying the user’s own password and bringing
service groups online.
Note Users in this category can change their own passwords only if
configuration is in read/write mode. Cluster Administrators can
change the configuration to the read/write mode.
Additionally, users in this category can be assigned Group
Administrator privileges for specific service groups.
Group Administrator- Users in this category can perform all service group operations on
specific groups, such as bringing groups and resources online, taking
them offline, and creating or deleting resources. Additionally, users can
establish resource dependencies and freeze or unfreeze service groups.
Note that users in this category cannot create or delete service groups.
Group Operator- Users in this category can bring service groups and resources online
and take them offline. Users can also temporarily freeze or unfreeze
service groups.
Cluster Guest- Users in this category have read-only access, meaning they can view the
configuration, but cannot change it. They can modify their own
passwords only if the configuration is in read/write mode. They cannot
add or update users. Additionally, users in this category can be
assigned Group Administrator or Group Operator privileges for
specific service groups.
Note By default, newly created users are assigned Cluster Guest
permissions.

VCS User Privileges
User categories are set implicitly, as shown in the figure in “VCS User Privileges” on
page 53, but may also be set explicitly for specific service groups. For example, a user in
category Cluster Operator can be assigned the category Group Administrator for one or
more service groups. Likewise, a user in category Cluster Guest can be assigned Group
Administrator and Group Operator.
Review the following sample main.cf:
Cluster vcs
UserNames = { sally = Y2hJtFnqctD76, tom = pJad09NWtXHlk,
betty = kjheewoiueo, lou = T6jhjFYkie, don = gt3tgfdgttU,
intern = EG67egdsak }
Administrators = { tom }
Operators = { sally }
...
)
Group finance_server (
Administrators = { betty }
Operators = { lou, don }
...
)
Group hr_application (
Administrators = { sally }
Operators = { lou, betty }
...
)
Group test_server (
Administrators = { betty }
Operators = { intern, don }
...
)
Chapter 5, Introducing the VCS User Privilege Model 55

VCS User Privileges
◆ User tom is Cluster Administrator.

◆ User sally is Cluster Operator and Group Administrator for service group
hr_application.
◆ User betty does not have Cluster Administrator or Cluster Operator privileges.
However, she is Group Administrator for the service groups finance_server and
test_server. She is also Group Operator for the service group hr_application.
◆ User lou has no privileges at the cluster level. However, he is Group Operator for the
service groups finance_server and hr_application.
◆ User don does not have Cluster Administrator or Cluster Operator privileges.
However, he is Group Operator for the service groups finance_server and test_server.
◆ User intern does not have Cluster Administrator or Cluster Operator privileges.
However he or she is Group Operator for the service group test_server.
Category tom sally betty lou don intern
Cluster Administrator ✔ – – – – –
Cluster Operator ✔ ✔ – – – –
finance_server Admin. ✔ – ✔ – – –
finance_server Operator ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ –
hr_application Admin. ✔ ✔ – – – –
hr_application Operator ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ – –
test_server Admin. ✔ – ✔ – – –
test_server Operator ✔ ✔ ✔ – ✔ ✔

User Privileges for CLI Commands
User Privileges for CLI Commands

The following concepts apply to users executing commands from the command line:
◆ Users logged on as root (or administrator) are granted privileges that exceed those of
Cluster Administrator, such as the ability to start and stop a cluster.
◆ When non-root users execute haxxx commands, they are prompted for their VCS
user name and password to authenticate themselves. Use the halogin command to
save the authentication information so that you do not have to enter your credentials
every time you run a VCS command. You must also set the VCS_HOST environment
variable to the name of the node on which to run commands. You can set the variable
to the virtual IP address configured in the ClusterService group. Users must have
proper cluster- and group-level privileges to execute commands. You cannot remotely
run ha commands that require localhost root privileges. See “Logging On to VCS” on
page 65 for more information about the halogin command.
User Privileges in Global Clusters

VCS enforces user privileges across clusters. A cross-cluster online or offline operation is
permitted only if the user initiating the operation has one of the following privileges:
◆ Group Administrator or Group Operator privileges for the group on the remote
cluster
◆ Cluster Administrator or Cluster Operator privileges on the remote cluster
A cross-cluster switch operation is permitted only if the user initiating the operation has
the following privileges:
◆ Group Administrator or Group Operator privileges for the group on both clusters
◆ Cluster Administrator or Cluster Operator privileges on both clusters
Chapter 5, Introducing the VCS User Privilege Model 57

User Privileges in Global Clusters

Administering the Cluster
from the Command Line 6
This chapter describes commonly used VCS commands. For more information about
specific commands or their options, see their usage information or the man pages
associated with the commands.
Most commands listed in this chapter can be entered from any system in the cluster only
when VCS is running. The command to start VCS is typically invoked at system startup.
For instructions, see “Starting VCS” on page 62.
VCS Environment Variables

VCS environment variables can be defined in the file vcsenv, which is located at the path
/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/. These variables are set for VCS when the hastart command is
invoked.
Variable Definition and Default Value
VCS_CONF Root directory for VCS configuration files.

Default: /etc/VRTSvcs
Note If this variable is added or modified you must reboot the system
to apply the changes.
VCS_ENABLE_LDF- Designates whether or not log data files (LDFs) are generated. If set to
1, LDFs are generated. If set to 0, they are not.
VCS_HOME Root directory for VCS executables.

Default: /opt/VRTSvcs
VCS_HOST VCS node on which ha commands will be run.
VCS_GAB_PORT GAB port to which VCS connects.

Default: h
59
VCS Environment Variables
Variable Definition and Default Value
VCS_GAB_TIMEOUT Timeout in milliseconds for HAD to send heartbeats to GAB.

Default: 15000
Note If the specified timeout is exceeded, GAB kills HAD, and all
active service groups on system are disabled.
VCS_HAD_RESTART_TIMEOUT- Set this variable to designate the amount of time the hashadow
process waits (sleep time) before restarting HAD.
Default: 0
VCS_LOG Root directory for log files and temporary files.

Default: /var/VRTSvcs
Note If this variable is added or modified you must reboot the system
to apply the changes.
VCS_SERVICE Name of configured VCS service.

Default: vcs
Note The specified service should be configured before starting the
VCS engine (HAD). If a service is not specified, the VCS engine
starts with port 14141.
VCS_TEMP_DIR- Directory in which temporary information required by, or generated

by, hacf is stored.
Default: /var/VRTSvcs
Note This directory is created in /tmp under the following

conditions:
◆ The variable is not set.
◆ The variable is set but the directory to which it is set does not
exist.
◆ The utility hacf cannot find the default location.

How VCS Identifies the Local System
How VCS Identifies the Local System

VCS checks $VCS_CONF/conf/sysname. If this file does not exist, the local system is
identified by its node name. To view the system’s node name, type uname -n.
The entries in this file must correspond to those in the files /etc/llthosts and
/etc/llttab.
Installing a VCS License

The utility vxlicinst installs a new permanent license or updates a demo license. You must
have root privileges to use this utility. This utility must be run on each system in the
cluster: it cannot install or update a license on remote nodes.
▼ To install a new license

# cd /opt/VRTS/bin
# ./vxlicinst -k XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXX
Note The utility must be run on each system in the cluster.
▼ To update licensing information in a running cluster

If you have upgraded your VCS installation, use the following procedure to update
licensing information in your running cluster.
You can use this procedure when updating a demo license to a permanent one or when
upgrading VCS to a later version or with additional options.
1. Install the new license on each node in the cluster using the vxlicinst utility.
2. Update system-level licensing information on all nodes in the cluster:

# hasys -updatelic -all
You must update licensing information on all nodes before proceeding to the next step.
3. Update cluster-level licensing information:

# haclus -updatelic
Chapter 6, Administering the Cluster from the Command Line 61

Starting VCS
Starting VCS
The command to start VCS is invoked from the file /etc/rc3.d/S99vcs or
/sbin/rc3.d/S99vcs. When VCS is started, it checks the state of its local configuration
file and registers with GAB for cluster membership. If the local configuration is valid, and
if no other system is running VCS, it builds its state from the local configuration file and
enters the RUNNING state.
▼ To start VCS
# hastart [-stale|-force]
The option -stale instructs the engine to treat the local configuration as stale even if it is
valid. The option -force instructs the engine to treat a stale, but otherwise valid, local
configuration as valid.
▼ To start VCS when all systems are in ADMIN_WAIT

Run the following command from any system in the cluster to force VCS to use the
configuration file from the system specified by the variable system:
# hasys -force system
When VCS is started on a system, and when that system is the only one running,
VCS retrieves the configuration from the local configuration directory
$VCS_CONF/conf/config. If the configuration is valid, VCS performs a LOCAL_BUILD,
and the system transitions to the state of RUNNING, its normal operational state. If the local
configuration is missing, invalid, or designated “stale,” the system transitions to the
STALE_ADMIN_WAIT state, and the VCS engine waits for manual intervention, or for VCS to
be started on a system that has a valid configuration.
If VCS is started on a system when other systems are already running VCS, the engine
processes exchange their operational states according to the following conventions:
◆ If a system running VCS is in the state of RUNNING, the system joining the cluster
performs a REMOTE_BUILD from that system and transitions to the state of RUNNING.
◆ If a system running VCS is in the state of LOCAL_BUILD, the system joining the cluster
waits for that system to transition to RUNNING. It then performs a REMOTE_BUILD from
that system and transitions to the state of RUNNING.
◆ If all systems running VCS are in the state of STALE_ADMIN_WAIT, and if the local
configuration file of the system joining the cluster is valid, the joining system
performs a LOCAL_BUILD and transitions to RUNNING. The other systems then perform
REMOTE_BUILDs from the new system and transition to RUNNING.
◆ If all systems running VCS are in the state of STALE_ADMIN_WAIT, and if the local
configuration file of the system joining the cluster is invalid, then the joining system
also transitions to STALE_ADMIN_WAIT.

Stopping VCS
See the appendix “Cluster and System States” for a complete list of VCS system states.
▼ To start VCS on a single node

Type the following command to start an instance of VCS that does not require the GAB
and LLT packages. Do not use this command on a multisystem cluster.
# hastart -onenode
▼ To start VCS as a time-sharing process

# hastart -ts
Stopping VCS
The hastop command stops HAD and related processes. This command includes the
following options:
hastop -all [-force]
hastop [-help]
hastop -local [-force | -evacuate | -noautodisable]
hastop -local [-force | -evacuate -noautodisable]
hastop -sys system ... [-force | -evacuate | -noautodisable]
hastop -sys system ... [-force | -evacuate -noautodisable]
The option -all stops HAD on all systems in the cluster and takes all service groups
offline.
The option -help displays command usage.
The option -local stops HAD on the system on which you typed the command.
The option -force allows HAD to be stopped without taking service groups offline on
the system.
The option -evacuate, when combined with -local or -sys, migrates the system’s
active service groups to another system in the cluster, before the system is stopped.
The option -noautodisable ensures that service groups that can run on the node where
the hastop command was issued are not autodisabled. This option can be used with
-evacuate but not with -force.
The option -sys stops HAD on the system you specified.

Stopping VCS
Stopping VCS Without -force Option

When VCS is stopped on a system without using the -force option to hastop, it enters
the LEAVING state, and waits for all groups to go offline on the system. Use the output of
the command hasys -display system to verify that the values of the SysState and the
OnGrpCnt attributes are non-zero. VCS continues to wait for the service groups to go
offline before it shuts down. See “Troubleshooting Resources” on page 577 for more
information.
Stopping VCS with Options Other Than -force

When VCS is stopped by options other than -force on a system with online service
groups, the groups running on the system are taken offline and remain offline. This is
indicated by VCS setting the attribute IntentOnline to 0. Using the option -force enables
service groups to continue running while HAD is brought down and restarted
(IntentOnline remains unchanged).
Additional Considerations for Stopping VCS

◆ If using the command reboot, behavior is controlled by the ShutdownTimeOut
parameter. After HAD exits, if GAB exits within the time designated in the
ShutdownTimeout attribute, the remaining systems recognize this as a reboot and fail
over service groups from the departed system. For systems running several
applications, consider increasing the value in the ShutdownTimeout attribute.
◆ Stopping VCS on a system autodisables each service group that include the system in
their SystemList attribute. (This does not apply to systems that are powered off.)
◆ If you use the -evacuate option, evacuation occurs before VCS is brought down.

Logging On to VCS
Logging On to VCS
When non-root users execute haxxx commands, they are prompted for their VCS user
name and password to authenticate themselves. Use the halogin command to save the
authentication information so that you do not have to enter your credentials every time
you run a VCS command.
The command stores authentication information in the user’s home directory.
If you run the command for different hosts, VCS stores authentication information for
each host.
▼ To log on to a cluster
1. Define the node on which the VCS commands will be run. Set the VCS_HOST
environment variable to the name of the node.
2. Log on to VCS:
# halogin vcsusername password

Logging On to VCS
▼ To end a session for a host

# halogin -endsession hostname
▼ To end all sessions

# halogin -endallsessions
VCS will now prompt you for credentials every time you run a VCS command.

Adding, Modifying, and Deleting Users

✔ The VCS configuration must be in read/write mode.
✔ You can add, modify, and delete users on any system in the cluster.
Note You must add users to the VCS configuration to monitor and administer VCS from
the graphical user interface Cluster Manager.
Setting the Configuration to Read/Write

The commands to add, modify, and delete a user must be executed only as root, and only
if the VCS configuration is in read/write mode.
To set the mode to read/write, type the following command from any system in the
cluster:
# haconf -makerw
This command also designates the configuration stale by creating the default file
$VCS_CONF/conf/config/.stale on all systems running VCS.
Setting the Configuration to Read-Only

When you have completed adding, modifying, and deleting users, reset the configuration
to read-only:
# haconf -dump -makero
In addition to setting the configuration to read-only, this command writes, or “dumps,”

the configuration to disk and removes the configuration’s designation of stale.

Adding a User
1. Set the configuration to read/write mode:
# haconf -makerw
2. Add the user:

# hauser -add user [-priv <Administrator|Operator> [-group
service_groups]]
3. Enter a password when prompted.
4. Reset the configuration to read-only:

Note Users in the category Cluster Guest cannot add users.
▼ To add a user with Cluster Administrator access

# hauser -add user -priv Administrator
▼ To add a user with Cluster Operator access

# hauser -add user -priv Operator
▼ To add a user with Group Administrator access

# hauser -add user -priv Administrator -group service_groups
▼ To add a user with Group Operator access

# hauser -add user -priv Operator -group service_groups
Assigning and Removing User Privileges

▼ To assign privileges to an Administrator or Operator
# hauser -addpriv user Adminstrator|Operator
[-group service_groups]
▼ To remove privileges from an Administrator or Operator

# hauser -delpriv user Adminstrator|Operator
[-group service_groups]

Modifying a User
# haconf -makerw
2. Modify the user:

# hauser -update user
3. Enter a new password when prompted.

Note Users in the category Cluster Guest cannot modify users.
Deleting a User
# haconf -makerw
2. For users with Administrator and Operator access, remove their privileges:
# hauser -delpriv user Adminstrator|Operator [-group
service_groups]
3. Delete the user from the list of registered users:

# hauser -delete user


Displaying a User
▼ To display a list of users
# hauser -list
▼ To display the privileges of all users

# hauser -display
▼ To display the privileges of a specific user

# hauser -display user

Querying VCS
Querying VCS
VCS enables you to query various cluster objects, including resources, service groups,
systems, resource types, agents, and clusters. You may enter query commands from any
system in the cluster. Commands to display information on the VCS configuration or
system states can be executed by all users: you do not need root privileges.
Querying Service Groups

▼ To display the state of a service group on a system
# hagrp -state [service_group] [-sys system]
▼ For a list of a service group’s resources

# hagrp -resources service_group
▼ For a list of a service group’s dependencies

# hagrp -dep [service_group]
▼ To display a service group on a system

# hagrp -display [service_group] [-sys system]
If service_group is not specified, information regarding all service groups is displayed.
▼ To display attributes of a system

# hagrp -display [service_group] [-attribute attribute]
[-sys system]
Note System names are case-sensitive.

Querying VCS
Querying Resources
▼ For a list of a resource’s dependencies
# hares -dep [resource]
▼ For information on a resource

# hares -display [resource]
If resource is not specified, information regarding all resources is displayed.
▼ To confirm an attribute’s values are the same on all systems

# hares -global resource attribute value ... | key... |
{key value}...
▼ To display resources of a service group

# hares -display -group service_group
▼ To display resources of a resource type

# hares -display -type resource_type
▼ To display attributes of a system

# hares -display -sys system
Querying Resource Types

▼ For a list of resource types
# hatype -list
▼ For a list of all resources of a particular type

# hatype -resources resource_type
▼ For information about a resource type

# hatype -display resource_type
If resource_type is not specified, information regarding all types is displayed.

Querying VCS
Querying Agents
▼ For an agent’s run-time status
# haagent -display [agent]
If agent is not specified, information regarding all agents is displayed.
Run-Time Status Definition
Faults Indicates the number of agent faults and the time the faults began.
Messages Displays various messages regarding agent status.
Running Indicates the agent is operating.
Started Indicates the file is executed by the VCS engine (HAD).
Querying Systems
▼ For a list of systems in the cluster
# hasys -list
▼ For information about each system

# hasys -display [system]
Querying Clusters
▼ For the value of a specific cluster attribute
# haclus -value attribute
▼ For information about the cluster

# haclus -display

Querying VCS
Querying Status
▼ For the status of all service groups in the cluster, including resources
# hastatus
▼ For the status of a particular service group, including its resources

# hastatus [-sound] -group service_group [-group service_group]...
If you do not specify a service group, the status of all service groups is displayed. The
-sound option enables a bell to ring each time a resource faults.
▼ For the status of cluster faults, including faulted service groups, resources,
systems, links, and agents
# hastatus -summary
Note Unless executed with the -summary option, hastatus continues to produce
output of online state transitions until you interrupt it with the command CTRL+C.
Querying Log Data Files (LDFs)

Log data files (LDFs) contain data regarding messages written to a corresponding English
language file. Typically, for each English file there is a corresponding LDF.
▼ To display the hamsg usage list

# hamsg -help
▼ To display the list of LDFs available on the current system

# hamsg -list
▼ To display general LDF data

# hamsg -info [-path path_name] LDF
The option -path specifies where hamsg looks for the specified LDF. If not specified,
hamsg looks for files in the default directory /var/VRTSvcs/ldf.

Querying VCS
▼ To display specific LDF data

# hamsg [-any] [-tag A|B|C|D|E] [-otype VCS|RES|GRP|SYS|AGT]
[-oname object_name] [-msgid message_ID] [-path path_name]
[-lang language] LDF
The option -any specifies hamsg return messages matching any of the specified
query options.
The option -tag specifies hamsg return messages matching the specified tag.
The option -otype specifies hamsg return messages matching the specified object
type:
VCS = general VCS messages
RES = resource
GRP = service group
SYS = system
AGT = agent
The option -oname specifies hamsg return messages matching the specified object
name.
The option -msgid specifies hamsg return messages matching the specified
message ID.
The option -path specifies where hamsg looks for the specified LDF. If not specified,
hamsg looks for files in the default directory /var/VRTSvcs/ldf.
The option -lang specifies the language in which to display messages. For example,
the value "en" specifies English and "ja" specifies Japanese.

Querying VCS
Conditional Statements
Some query commands include an option for conditional statements. Conditional
statements take three forms:
Attribute=Value (the attribute equals the value)
Attribute!=Value (the attribute does not equal the value)
Attribute=~Value (the value is the prefix of the attribute, for example a query for
the state of a resource = ~FAULTED returns all resources whose state begins with
FAULTED.)
Multiple conditional statements can be used and imply AND logic.
Note You can only query attribute-value pairs displayed in the output of command
hagrp -display, described in section “Querying Service Groups” on page 71.
▼ For a list of service groups whose values match a conditional statement

# hagrp -list [conditional_statement]
If no conditional statement is specified, all service groups in the cluster are listed.
▼ For a list of resources whose values match a conditional statement

# hares -list [conditional_statement]
If no conditional statement is specified, all resources in the cluster are listed.
▼ For a list of agents whose values match a conditional statement

# haagent -list [conditional_statement]
If no conditional statement is specified, all agents in the cluster are listed.

Administering Service Groups

▼ To start a service group and bring its resources online
# hagrp -online service_group -sys system
▼ To start a service group on a system and bring online only the resources already
online on another system
# hagrp -online service_group -sys system -checkpartial
other_system
If the service group does not have resources online on the other system, the service
group is brought online on the original system and the checkpartial option is
ignored.
Note that the checkpartial option is used by the Preonline trigger during failover.
When a service group configured with Preonline =1 fails over to another system
(system 2), the only resources brought online on system 2 are those that were
previously online on system 1 prior to failover.
▼ To stop a service group and take its resources offline

# hagrp -offline service_group -sys system
▼ To stop a service group only if all resources are probed on the system
# hagrp -offline [-ifprobed] service_group -sys system
▼ To switch a service group from one system to another

# hagrp -switch service_group -to system
A service group can be switched only if it is fully or partially online. The -switch
option is not supported for switching parallel service groups and for switching hybrid
service groups across system zones.
▼ To freeze a service group (disable onlining, offlining, and failover)

# hagrp -freeze service_group [-persistent]
The option -persistent enables the freeze to be “remembered” when the cluster is
rebooted.
▼ To unfreeze a service group (reenable onlining, offlining, and failover)

# hagrp -unfreeze service_group [-persistent]

▼ To enable a service group

# hagrp -enable service_group [-sys system]
A group can be brought online only if it is enabled.
▼ To disable a service group

# hagrp -disable service_group [-sys system]
A group cannot be brought online or switched if it is disabled.
▼ To enable all resources in a service group

# hagrp -enableresources service_group
▼ To disable all resources in a service group

# hagrp -disableresources service_group
Agents do not monitor group resources if resources are disabled.
▼ To clear faulted, non-persistent resources in a service group

# hagrp -clear service_group [-sys system]
Clearing a resource initiates the online process previously blocked while waiting for
the resource to become clear.
◆ If system is specified, all faulted, non-persistent resources are cleared from that
system only.
◆ If system is not specified, the service group is cleared on all systems in the group’s
SystemList in which at least one non-persistent resource has faulted.
▼ To clear resources in ADMIN_WAIT state in a service group

# hagrp -clearadminwait [-fault] service_group -sys system
See “Clearing Resources in the ADMIN_WAIT State” on page 361 for more
information.

Administering Resources
▼ To bring a resource online
# hares -online resource -sys system
▼ To take a resource offline

# hares -offline [-ignoreparent] resource -sys system
The option -ignoreparent enables a resource to be taken offline even if its parent
resources in the service group are online. This option does not work if taking the
resources offline violates the group dependency.
▼ To take a resource offline and propagate the command to its children

# hares -offprop [-ignoreparent] resource -sys system
As in the above command, the option -ignoreparent enables a resource to be taken
offline even if its parent resources in the service group are online. This option does not
work if taking the resources offline violates the group dependency.
▼ To prompt a resource’s agent to immediately monitor the resource on a particular

system
# hares -probe resource -sys system
Though the command may return immediately, the monitoring process may not be
completed by the time the command returns.
▼ To clear a resource
Initiate a state change from RESOURCE_FAULTED to RESOURCE_OFFLINE:
# hares -clear resource [-sys system]
Clearing a resource initiates the online process previously blocked while waiting for
the resource to become clear. If system is not specified, the fault is cleared on each
system in the service group’s SystemList attribute. (For instructions, see “To clear
faulted, non-persistent resources in a service group” on page 78.)
This command also clears the resource’s parents. Persistent resources whose static
attribute Operations is defined as None cannot be cleared with this command and
must be physically attended to, such as replacing a raw disk. The agent then updates
the status automatically.

Administering Systems
▼ To force a system to start while in ADMIN_WAIT
This command overwrites the configuration on systems running in the cluster. Before
using it, verify that the current VCS configuration is valid.
▼ To modify a system’s attributes

# hasys -modify modify_options
Some attributes are internal to VCS and cannot be modified. For details on system
attributes, see “The -modify Option” on page 84.
▼ To display the value of a system’s node ID as defined in the file

/etc/llttab
# hasys -nodeid node_ID
▼ To freeze a system (prevent groups from being brought online or switched on the
system)
# hasys -freeze [-persistent] [-evacuate] system
The option -persistent enables the freeze to be “remembered” when the cluster is
rebooted. Note that the cluster configuration must be in read/write mode and must
be saved to disk (dumped) to enable the freeze to be remembered.
The option -evacuate fails over the system’s active service groups to another
system in the cluster before the freeze is enabled.
▼ To unfreeze a frozen system (reenable onlining and switching of service groups)

# hasys -unfreeze [-persistent] system

Administering Clusters
▼ To add a system to a cluster
This section provides an overview of tasks involved in adding a node to a cluster. For
detailed instructions, see the VERITAS Cluster Server Installation Guide.
1. Make sure the system meets the hardware and software requirements for VCS. See the
VERITAS Cluster Server Installation Guide for details.
2. Set up the private communication links from the new system.
3. Install VCS and require patches on the new system.
4. Add the VCS license key. See “Installing a VCS License” on page 61 for instructions.
5. Configure LLT and GAB to include the new system in the cluster membership.
6. Add the new system using the hasys -add command.
▼ To remove a node from a cluster

This section provides an overview of tasks involved in adding a node to a cluster. For
detailed instructions, see the VERITAS Cluster Server Installation Guide.
1. Make a backup copy of the current configuration file, main.cf.
2. Switch or remove any VCS service groups from the node. The node cannot be
removed as long as it runs service groups on which other service groups depend.
3. Stop VCS on the node.

# hastop -sys systemname
4. Delete the system from the SystemList of all service groups.

# hagrp -modify groupname SystemList -delete systemname
5. Delete the node from the cluster.

# hasys -delete systemname
6. Remove the entries for the node from the following files on each remaining node:
◆ /etc/gabtab
◆ /etc/llthosts

7. Unconfigure GAB and LLT on the node leaving the cluster.
8. Remove VCS and other packages from the node.
9. Remove GAB and LLT configuration files from the node.
▼ To modify a cluster attribute

# haclus [-help [-modify]]

Encrypting Passwords
Encrypting Passwords
Use the vcsencrypt utility to encrypt passwords when editing the VCS configuration file
main.cf to add VCS users or when configuring agents that require user passwords.
Note Do not use the vcsencrypt utility when entering passwords from a configuration
wizard or from the Java and Web consoles.
▼ To encrypt a password
1. Run the utility from the command line.

To encrypt a password for an agent configuration:
# vcsencrypt -agent
To encrypt a VCS user password:
# vcsencrypt -vcs
2. The utility prompts you to enter the password twice. Enter the password and press
Return.
# Enter New Password:
# Enter Again:
3. The utility encrypts the password and displays the encrypted password. Use the
displayed password to edit the VCS configuration file main.cf.

Basic Configuration Operations

Commands listed in the following sections permanently affect the configuration of the
cluster. If the cluster is brought down with the command hastop -all or made
read-only, the main.cf file and other configuration files written to disk reflect the updates.
Specifying Values Preceded by a Dash (-)

When specifying values in a command-line syntax, you must prefix values beginning with
a dash (-) with a percentage sign (%). If a value begins with a percentage sign, you must
prefix it with another percentage sign. (The initial percentage sign is stripped by HAD and
does not appear in the configuration file.)
The -modify Option

Most configuration changes are made using the -modify options of the commands
haclus, hagrp, hares, hasys, and hatype. Specifically, the -modify option of these
commands changes the attribute values stored in the VCS configuration file. By default,
all attributes are global, meaning that the value of the attribute is the same for all systems.
Note VCS must be in read/write mode before you can change the configuration.
For instructions, see “Setting the Configuration to Read/Write” on page 67.

Defining Attributes as Local

Localizing an attribute means that the attribute has a per-system value for each system
listed in the group’s SystemList. These attributes are localized on a per-resource basis. For
example, to localize the attribute attribute_name for resource only, type:
# hares -local resource attribute_name
Note that global attributes cannot be modified with the hares -local command. The
following table lists the commands to be used to localize attributes depending on their
dimension.
Dimension Task and Command
scalar Replace a value:

-modify [object] attribute_name value [-sys system]
vector ◆ Replace list of values:

-modify [object] attribute_name value [-sys system]
◆ Add list of values to existing list:
-modify [object] attribute_name -add value [-sys
system]
◆ Update list with user-supplied values:
-modify [object] attribute_name -update entry_value ...
[-sys system]
◆ Delete all values in list (you cannot delete an individual element of a vector):
-modify [object] attribute_name -delete -keys [-sys
system]
keylist ◆ Replace list of keys (duplicate keys not allowed):

-modify [object] attribute_name value ... [-sys
system]
◆ Add keys to list (duplicate keys not allowed):
-modify [object] attribute_name -add value ... [-sys
system]
◆ Delete user-supplied keys from list:
-modify [object] attribute_name -delete key ...
[-sys system]
◆ Delete all keys from list:
-modify [object] attribute_name -delete -keys [-sys
system]

Dimension Task and Command
association ◆ Replace list of key-value pairs (duplicate keys not allowed):

-modify [object] attribute_name value ... [-sys
system]
◆ Add user-supplied list of key-value pairs to existing list (duplicate keys not
allowed):
-modify [object] attribute_name -add value ...[-sys
system]
◆ Replace value of each key with user-supplied value:
-modify [object] attribute_name -update key value ...
[-sys system]
◆ Delete a key-value pair identified by user-supplied key:
-modify [object] attribute_name -delete key ...
[-sys system]
◆ Delete all key-value pairs from association:
-modify [object] attribute_name -delete -keys
[-sys system]
Note If multiple values are specified and if one is invalid, VCS returns an error
for the invalid value, but continues to process the others. In the following
example, if sysb is part of the attribute SystemList, but sysa is not, sysb is
deleted and an error message is sent to the log regarding sysa.
hagrp -modify group1 SystemList -delete sysa sysb
[-sys system]

Adding Service Groups

▼ To add a service group to your cluster
# hagrp -add service_group
The variable service_group must be unique among all service groups defined in the
cluster.
This command initializes a service group that is ready to contain various resources.
To employ the group properly, you must populate its SystemList attribute to define
the systems on which the group may be brought online and taken offline. (A system
list is an association of names and integers that represent priority values.)
Modifying Service Group Attributes

▼ To modify a service group attribute
# hagrp -modify service_group attribute value [-sys system]
The variable value represents:
system_name1 priority system_name2 priority2
If the attribute being modified has local scope, you must specify the system on which
to modify the attribute, except when modifying the attribute on the system from
which you run the command.
For example, to populate the system list of service group groupx with Systems A and B,
type:
# hagrp -modify groupx SystemList -add SystemA 1 SystemB 2
Similarly, to populate the AutoStartList attribute of a service group, type:

# hagrp -modify groupx AutoStartList SystemA SystemB
You may also define a service group as parallel. To set the Parallel attribute to 1, type the
following command. (Note that the default for this attribute is 0, which designates the
service group as a failover group.):
# hagrp -modify groupx Parallel 1
This attribute cannot be modified if resources have already been added to the service
group.
You can modify the attributes SystemList, AutoStartList, and Parallel only by using the
command hagrp -modify. You cannot modify attributes created by the system, such as
the state of the service group.

Modifying the SystemList Attribute

When using the hagrp -modify command ot change a service group’s existing system
list, you can use the options -modify, -add, -update, -delete, or -delete -keys.
For example, suppose you originally defined the SystemList of service group groupx as
SystemA and SystemB. Then after the cluster was brought up you added a new system to
the list:
# hagrp -modify groupx SystemList -add SystemC 3
You must take the service group offline on the system being modified.
When you add a system to a service group’s system list, the system must have been
previously added to the cluster. When using the command line, you can use the hasys
-add command.
When you delete a system from a service group’s system list, the service group must not
be online on the system to be deleted.
If you attempt to change a service group’s existing system list using hagrp -modify
without other options (such as -add or -update) the command fails.

Adding Resources
▼ To add a resource
# hares -add resource resource_type service_group
This command creates a new resource, resource, which must be a unique name throughout
the cluster, regardless of where it resides physically or in which service group it is placed.
The resource type is resource_type, which must be defined in the configuration language.
The resource belongs to the group service_group.
When new resources are created, all non-static attributes of the resource’s type, plus their
default values, are copied to the new resource. Three attributes are also created by the
system and added to the resource:
◆ Critical (default = 1). If the resource or any of its children faults while online, the
entire service group is marked faulted and failover occurs.
◆ AutoStart (default = 1). If the resource is set to AutoStart, it is brought online in
response to a service group command. All resources designated as AutoStart=1 must
be online for the service group to be considered online. (This attribute is unrelated to
AutoStart attributes for service groups.)
◆ Enabled. If the resource is set to Enabled, the agent for the resource’s type manages
the resource. The default is 1 for resources defined in the configuration file main.cf,
0 for resources added on the command line.
Note Adding resources on the command line requires several steps, and the agent must
be prevented from managing the resource until the steps are completed. For
resources defined in the configuration file, the steps are completed before the agent
is started.

Modifying Resource Attributes

▼ To modify a new resource
# hares -modify resource attribute value
# hares -modify <resource> <attr> <value>
[-sys <system>] [-wait [-time <waittime>]]
The variable value depends on the type of attribute being created.
▼ To set a new resource’s Enabled attribute to 1

# hares -modify resourceA Enabled 1
The agent managing the resource is started on a system when its Enabled attribute is set
to 1 on that system. Specifically, the VCS engine begins to monitor the resource for faults.
Agent monitoring is disabled if the Enabled attribute is reset to 0.
Additional Considerations for Modifying Attributes

Resource names must be unique throughout the cluster and you cannot modify resource
attributes defined by the system, such as the resource state.
Linking Resources
▼ To specify a dependency relationship, or “link,” between two resources
# hares -link parent_resource child_resource
The variable parent_resource depends on child_resource being online before going
online itself. Conversely, parent_resource go offline before child_resource goes offline.
For example, a NIC resource must be available before an IP resource can go online, so
for resources IP1 of type IP and NIC1 of type NIC, specify the dependency as:
# hares -link IP1 NIC1
Additional Considerations for Linking Resources

A resource can have an unlimited number of parents and children. When linking
resources, the parent cannot be a resource whose Operations attribute is equal to None or
OnOnly. Specifically, these are resources that cannot be brought online or taken offline by
an agent (None), or can only be brought online by an agent (OnOnly).
Loop cycles are automatically prohibited by the VCS engine. You cannot specify a
resource link between resources of different service groups.

Deleting and Unlinking Service Groups and Resources

▼ To delete a service group
# hagrp -delete service_group
▼ To unlink service groups

# hagrp -unlink parent_group child_group
▼ To delete a resource
# hares -delete resource
Note that deleting a resource won’t take offline the object being monitored by the
resource. The object remains online, outside the control and monitoring of VCS.
▼ To unlink resources
# hares -unlink parent_resource child_resource
Note You can unlink service groups and resources at any time. You cannot delete a
service group until all of its resources are deleted.

Adding, Deleting, and Modifying Resource Types

After creating a resource type, use the command haattr to add its attributes (see
“Modifying Resource Attributes” on page 90). By default, resource type information is
stored in the types.cf configuration file.
▼ To add a resource type

# hatype -add resource_type
▼ To delete a resource type

# hatype -delete resource_type
You must delete all resources of the type before deleting the resource type.
▼ To add or modify resource types in main.cf without shutting down VCS

# hatype -modify resource_type SourceFile "./resource_type.cf"
The information regarding resource_type is stored in the file config/resource_type.cf, and an
include line for resource_type.cf is added to the main.cf file.
▼ To set the value of static resource type attributes

# hatype -modify ...
Overriding Resource Type Static Attributes

You can override some resource type static attributes and assign them resource-specific
values. When a static attribute is overriden and the configuration is saved, the main.cf file
includes a line in the resource definition for the static attribute and its overriden value.
▼ To override a type’s static attribute

# hares -override resource static_attribute
▼ To restore default settings to a type’s static attribute

# hares -undo_override resource static_attribute

Adding, Deleting, and Modifying Resource Attributes

▼ To add a resource attribute
# haattr -add resource_type attribute [value]
[dimension][default ...]
The variable value is a -string (default), -integer, or -boolean.
The variable dimension is -scalar (default), -keylist, -assoc, or -vector.
The variable default is the default value of the attribute and must be compatible with
the value and dimension. Note that this may include more than one item, as indicated
by ellipses (...).
▼ To delete a resource attribute

# haattr -delete resource_type attribute
▼ To add a static resource attribute

# haattr -add -static resource_type static_attribute [value]
[dimension] [default ...]
▼ To delete a static resource attribute

# haattr -delete -static resource_type static_attribute
▼ To add a temporary resource attribute

# haattr -add -temp resource_type attribute [value]
[dimension] [default ...]
▼ To delete a temporary resource attribute

# haattr -delete -temp resource_type attribute
▼ To modify the default value of a resource attribute

# haattr -default resource_type attribute new_value ...
The variable new_value refers to the attribute’s new default value.

Starting and Stopping VCS Agents Manually

▼ To start and stop agents manually
# haagent -start agent -sys system
# haagent -stop agent -sys system
Note Under normal conditions, VCS agents are started and stopped automatically.
After issuing the commands above, a message is displayed instructing the user to look for
messages in the log file. The agent log is located at $VCS_HOME/log/agent_A.log. See
“Logging” on page 569 for more information on log messages.
Initializing Resource Type Scheduling and Priority Attributes

The following configuration shows how to initialize resource type scheduling and priority
attributes through configuration files. The example shows attributes of a FileOnOff
resource. (See “Resource Attributes” on page 614 for a description of each attribute cited
below and its defaults.)
type FileOnOff (
static str AgentClass = RT
static str AgentPriority = 10
static str ScriptClass = RT
static str ScriptPriority = 40
static str ArgList[] = { PathName }
str PathName
)

Setting Scheduling/Priority Attributes
▼ To update the AgentClass

# hatype -modify resource_type AgentClass value
For example, to set the AgentClass attribute of the FileOnOff resource to RealTime, type:
# hatype -modify FileOnOff AgentClass "RT"
▼ To update the AgentPriority

# hatype -modify resource_type AgentPriority value
For example, to set the AgentPriority attribute of the FileOnOff resource to 10, type:
# hatype -modify FileOnOff AgentPriority "10"
▼ To update the ScriptClass

# hatype -modify resource_type ScriptClass value
For example, to set the ScriptClass of the FileOnOff resource to RealTime, type:
# hatype -modify FileOnOff ScriptClass "RT"
▼ To update the ScriptPriority

# hatype -modify resource_type ScriptPriority value
For example, to set the ScriptClass of the FileOnOff resource to RealTime, type:
# hatype -modify FileOnOff ScriptPriority "40"
Note For attributes AgentClass and AgentPriority, changes are effective immediately. For
ScriptClass and ScriptPriority, changes become effective for scripts fired after the
execution of the hatype command.

Initializing Cluster Attributes in the Configuration File

You may assign values for cluster attributes while configuring the cluster. (See “Cluster
Attributes” on page 645 for a description of each attribute cited below.)
Review the following sample configuration:
cluster vcs-india (
EngineClass = "RT"
EnginePriority = "20"
ProcessClass = "TS"
ProcessPriority = "40"
)
Setting Cluster Attributes from the Command Line
▼ To update the EngineClass

# haclus -modify EngineClass value
For example, to set the EngineClass attribute to RealTime::

# haclus -modify EngineClass "RT"
▼ To update the EnginePriority

# haclus -modify EnginePriority value
For example, to set the EnginePriority to 20::

# haclus -modify EnginePriority "20"
▼ To update the ProcessClass

# haclus -modify ProcessClass value
For example, to set the ProcessClass to TimeSharing:

# haclus -modify ProcessClass "TS"

▼ To update the ProcessPriority

# haclus -modify ProcessPriority value
For example, to set the ProcessPriority to 40:

# haclus -modify ProcessPriority "40"
Note For the attributes EngineClass and EnginePriority, changes are effective
immediately. For ProcessClass and ProcessPriority changes become effective only
for processes fired after the execution of the haclus command.

Backing Up and Restoring VCS Configuration Files

VCS enables you to back up and restore VCS configuration files on each node in the
cluster using the hasnap command.
The command includes the following options; each option is described in detail in the
following sections:
Option Action
hasnap -backup Backs up files in a snapshot format.
hasnap -restore Restores a previously created snapshot.
hasnap -display Displays details of previously created snapshots.
hasnap -sdiff Displays files that were changed on the local system after a specific
snapshot was created.
hasnap -fdiff Displays the differences between a file in the cluster and its copy stored in a
snapshot.
hasnap -export Exports a snapshot from the local, predefined directory to the specified file.
hasnap -include Configures the list of files or directories to be included in new snapshots, in
addition to those included automatically by the -backup command.
hasnap -exclude Configures the list of files or directories to be excluded from new snapshots
when backing up the configuration using the -backup command.
hasnap -delete Deletes snapshots from the predefined local directory on each node.
Note With the exception of the -include, -exclude, and the -delete options, all
options can be combined with the -f option. This option indicates that all files be
backed up to or restored from the specified single file instead of a local, predefined
directory on each node. This option is useful when you want to store the
configuration data to an alternate location that is periodically backed up using
backup software like VERITAS Net Backup.

hasnap -backup
The hasnap -backup command backs up files in a snapshot format. A snapshot is a
collection of VCS configuration files backed up at a particular point in time, typically
before making changes to the existing configuration. A snapshot also contains
information such as the snapshot name, description, creation time, and file permisisons.
The command backs up a predefined list of VCS configuration files as well as a
user-defined list. The predefined list includes all the *.cf files, custom agents, LLT and
GAB configuration files, triggers, custom heartbeats, and action scripts. Please see the
-include and -exclude commands to construct a user-defined list.
Syntax
hasnap -backup [-f filename] [-n] [-m description]
Options
-n: Runs the command in the non-interactive mode
-m: Specifies a description of the snapshot
Examples
The following command creates a backup of the configuration in the non-interactive
mode and adds “Test Backup” as the backup description.
# hasnap -backup -n -m "Test Backup"
The following command creates a backup of the configuration files and saves it as
/tmp/backup-2-2-2003 on the node where the command was run.
# hasnap -backup -f /tmp/backup-2-2-2003

hasnap -restore
The hasnap -restore command restores configuration files from a previously created
snapshot.
Syntax
hasnap -restore [-f filename] [-n] [-s snapid]
Options
-n: Runs command in the non-interactive mode
-s: Specifies the ID of the snapshot to be restored
If no snapshot ID is specified, -restore displays which snapshots are available for
restoration.
Examples
The following command restores the snapshot vcs-20030101-22232 in the non-interactive
mode.
# hasnap -restore -n -s vcs-20030101-22232
The following command restores the snapshot stored in the file /tmp/backup-2-2-2003.
# hasnap -restore -f /tmp/backup-2-2-2003
hasnap -display
The hasnap -display command displays details of previously created snapshots.
Syntax
hasnap -display [-f filename] [-list|-s snapid] [-m] [-l] [-t]
Options
-list: Displays the list of snapshots in the repository
-s: Identifies the snapshot ID
-m: Displays snapshot description
-l: Displays the list of files in the snapshot
-t: Displays the snapshot timestamp
If no options are specified, the command displays all information about the latest
snapshot.

Examples
The following command lists all snapshots.
# hasnap -display -list
The following command displays the description and the time of creation of the specified
snapshot.
# hasnap -display -s vcs-20030101-2232 -m -t
The following command displays the description, the timestamp, and the list of all files in
the snapshot file /tmp/backup-2-2-2003
# hasnap -display -f /tmp/backup-2-2-2003
hasnap -sdiff
The hasnap -sdiff command displays files that were changed on the local system after
a specific snapshot was created.
Syntax
hasnap -sdiff [-f filename] [-s snapid] [-sys hostname]
Options
-s: Identifies the snapshot ID of the comparison snapshot.
-sys: Indicates the host on which the snapshot is to be compared.
If no options are specified, -sdiff uses the latest snapshot to compare the files on each
node in the cluster.
Examples
The following command displays the differences between the current configuration and
the snapshot vcs-20030101-22232.
# hasnap -sdiff -s vcs-20030101-22232
The following command displays the difference between the configuration on system
host1 and the snaphot stored in the file /tmp/backup-2-2-2003.
# hasnap -sdiff -f /tmp/backup-2-2-2003 -sys host1

hasnap -fdiff
The hasnap -fdiff command displays the differences between a file currently on the
cluster and its copy stored in a previously created snapshot.
Syntax
hasnap -fdiff [-f filename] [-s snapid] [-sys hostname] file
Options
-s: Identifies the snaphot ID of the snapshot.
-sys: Indicates the host on which the specified file is to be compared.
file: Identifies the comparison file.
If no options are specified, -fdiff uses the latest snapshot to compare the file on
each node in the cluster.
Examples
The following command displays the differences between the files
/etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config/main.cf on host1 and its version in the last snapshot.
# hasnap -fdiff -sys host1 /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config/main.cf
The following command displays the differences between the files /var/llttab on each
node in the cluster and the version stored in the snapshot contained in the file
/var/backup-2-2-2003.
# hasnap -fdiff -f /tmp/backup-2-2-2003 /etc/llttab

hasnap -export
The hasnap -export command exports a snapshot from the local, predefined directory
on each node in the cluster to the specified file. This option is useful when you want to
store a previously created snapshot to an alternate location that is periodically backed up
using backup software like VERITAS NetBackup.
Syntax
hasnap -export -f filename [-s snapid]
Options
-s: Indicates the snapshot ID to be exported.
If the snapshot ID is not specified, the command exports the latest snapshot to the
specified file.
Example
The following command exports data from snapshot vcs-20030101-22232 from each node
in the cluster to the file /tmp/backup-2-2-2003 on the current node.
# hasnap -export -f /tmp/backup-2-2-2003 -s vcs-20030101-22232
hasnap -include
The hasnap -include command configures the list of files or directories to be included
in new snapshots, in addition to those included automatically by the -backup command.
Please see section on the -backup command for the list of files automatically included for
VCS.
Syntax
hasnap -include -add|-del|-list [-sys hostname] files|directories
Options
-add: Adds the specified files or directories to the include file list.
-del: Deletes the specified files or directories from the include file list.
-list: Displays the files or directories in the include file list.
files/directories: Identifies the file or directory names to be added to or deleted from the
include list. Use this attribute with the -add or -delete options only.

Examples
The following command displays the list of files or directories to be included in new
snapshots on each node of the cluster.
# hasnap -include -list
The following command adds the file /opt/VRTSweb/conf/vrtsweb.xml to the include
list on host1, which results in this file being included in the snapshot the next time the
hasnap -backup command is run.
# hasnap -include -add /opt/VRTSweb/conf/vrtsweb.xml
The following command removes the file /opt/VRTSweb/conf/vrtsweb.xml from the
include list on host1.
# hasnap -include -del -sys host1 /opt/VRTSweb/conf/vrtsweb.xml
hasnap -exclude
The hasnap -exclude command configures the list of files or directories that should
not be included in new snapshots when backing up the configuration using the -backup
command.
Syntax
hasnap -exclude -add|-del|-list [-sys hostname] files|directories
Options
-add: Adds the specified files or directories to the exclude file list.
-del: Deletes the specified files or directories from the exclude file list.
-list: Displays the files or directories in the exclude file list.
files/directories: Identifies the files or directories to be added to or deleted from the
exclude list. Use this attribute with the -add or -delete options only.
Examples
The following command displays the exclude file list on each node in the cluster.
# hasnap -exclude -list

The following command adds the file /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config/temp.cf to the exclude

file list on host1, which results in this file being excluded from the snapshot the next time
the hasnap -backup command is run.
# hasnap -exclude -add -sys host1 /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config/temp.cf
The following command removes the file /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config/temp.cf from the
exclude list on host1.
# hasnap -exclude -del -sys host1 /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config/temp.cf
hasnap -delete
The hasnap -delete command deletes previously created snapshots from the
predefined local directory on each node.
Syntax
hasnap -delete [-s snapid]
Options
-s: Snapshot ID to be deleted.
If the snapshot ID is not specified, the command displays a list of snapshots available
for deletion.
Example
The following command deletes snapshot vcs-20030101-22232 from the cluster.
# hasnap -delete -s vcs-20030101-22232

Using the -wait Option in Scripts
Using the -wait Option in Scripts

The -wait option is for use in scripts using VCS commands to change attribute values.
The option blocks the VCS command until the value of the specified attribute is changed
or until the timeout, if specified, expires. Specify the timeout in seconds.
The option can be used only with changes to scalar attributes.
The -wait option is supported with the following commands:
◆ haclus
haclus -wait attribute value [-clus cluster] [-time timeout]
Use the -clus option in a global cluster environment.
◆ hagrp
hagrp -wait group attribute value [-clus cluster] [-sys system]
[-time timeout]
Use the -sys option when the scope of the attribute is local.
◆ hares
hares -wait resource attribute value [-clus cluster] [-sys system]
[-time timeout]
Use the -sys option when the scope of the attribute is local.
◆ hasys
hasys -wait system attribute value [-clus cluster] [-time timeout]
See the man pages associated with these commands for more information.

Using VCS Simulator
Using VCS Simulator

VCS Simulator is a tool to assist you in building and simulating cluster configurations.
With VCS Simulator you can predict service group behavior during cluster or system
faults, view state transitions, and designate and fine-tune various configuration
parameters. This tool is especially useful when evaluating complex, multi-node
configurations. It is convenient in that you can design a specific configuration without test
clusters or changes to existing configurations.
With VCS Simulator, you can predict how VCS behaves in response to resource and
system failures in configurations with several groups, resources, and dependencies
without affecting your production systems. You can also fine-tune values for attributes
governing the rules of failover, such as Load and Capacity in a simulated environment.
VCS Simulator enables you to simulate various configurations and provides the
information you need to make the right choices. It also enables simulating global clusters.
For instructions, see “Predicting VCS Behavior Using VCS Simulator” on page 539.

Using VCS Simulator

Administering the Cluster from
Cluster Manager (Java Console) 7
Cluster Manager (Java Console) offers complete administration capabilities for your
cluster. Use the different views in the Java Console to monitor clusters and VCS objects,
including service groups, systems, resources, and resource types. Many of the operations
supported by the Java Console are also supported by the command line interface and
Cluster Manager (Web Console). See the VERITAS Cluster Server Installation Guide for
instructions on how to install Cluster Manager (Java Console).
Disability Compliance
Cluster Manager (Java Console) for VCS provides disabled individuals access to and use
of information and data that is comparable to the access and use provided to non-disabled
individuals, including:
◆ Alternate keyboard sequences for specific operations (see matrix in appendix
“Accessibility and VCS” on page 675).
◆ High-contrast display settings.
◆ Support of third-party accessibility tools. Note that VERITAS has not tested screen
readers for languages other than English.
◆ Text-only display of frequently viewed windows.
109
Getting Started
Getting Started
✔ Make sure you have the current version of Cluster Manager (Java Console) installed.
If you have a previous version installed, upgrade to the latest version. Cluster
Manager (Java Console) is compatible with earlier versions of VCS.
✔ Cluster Manager (Java Console) is supported on Windows 2000, Windows XP, and
Windows 2003 systems. If you are using a Solaris system, you must use Solaris 2.7 or
higher to support JRE 1.4.
✔ Verify the configuration has a user account. A user account is established during VCS
installation that provides immediate access to Cluster Manager. If a user account does
not exist, you must create one. For instructions, see “Adding a User” on page 146.
✔ On UNIX systems, you must set the display for Cluster Manager (“Setting the
Display” on page 110).
✔ Start Cluster Manager (“Starting Cluster Manager (Java Console)” on page 112).
✔ Add a cluster panel (“Configuring a New Cluster Panel” on page 142).
✔ Log on to a cluster (“Logging On to and Off of a Cluster” on page 144).
Note Certain cluster operations are enabled or restricted depending on the privileges
with which you log on to VCS. For information on specific privileges associated
with VCS users, see “VCS User Privileges” on page 53.
Setting the Display

Note The UNIX version of the Cluster Manager (Java Console) requires an X-Windows
desktop. Setting the display is not required on Windows workstations.
▼ To set the display
1. Type the following command to grant the system permission to display on the
desktop:
# xhost +
2. Configure the shell environment variable DISPLAY on the system where Cluster
Manager will be launched. For example, if using Korn shell, type the following
command to display on the system myws:
# export DISPLAY=myws:0

Getting Started
Using Java Console with Secure Shell

You can use Java Console with secure shell (SSH) using X11 forwarding, or Port
forwarding. Make sure that SSH is correctly configured on the client and the host systems.
▼ To use X11 forwarding
1. In the ssh configuration file, set ForwardX11 to yes.

ForwardX11 yes
2. Log on to the remote system and start an X clock program that you can use to test the
forward connection.
# xclock &.
Note Do not set the DISPLAY variable on the client. X connections forwarded through a
secure shell use a special local display setting.
▼ To use Port forwarding

In this mode the console connects to a specified port on the client system. This port is
forwarded to port 14141 on the VCS server node.
1. In the ssh configuration file, set GatewayPorts to yes.

GatewayPorts yes
2. From the client system, forward a port (client_port) to port 14141 on the VCS server.
# $ssh -L client_port:server_host:14141 server_host
You may not be able set GatewayPorts in the configuration file if you use openSSH.
In this case use the -g option in the command.
# $ssh -g -L client_port:server_host:14141 server_host
3. Open another window on the client system and start the Java Console.
# $/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/hagui
4. Add a cluster panel in the Cluster Monitor. When prompted, enter the name of client
system as the host and the client_port as the port. Do not enter localhost.
Chapter 7, Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Java Console) 111
Getting Started
Starting Cluster Manager (Java Console)

▼ To start the Java Console on Windows systems
Double-click the VERITAS Cluster Manager (Java Console) icon on the desktop.
▼ To start the Java Console on UNIX systems

After establishing a user account and setting the display, type the following command to
start Cluster Manager:
# /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/hagui
The command hagui will not work across firewalls unless all outgoing server ports are
open.

Reviewing Components of the Java Console
Reviewing Components of the Java Console

Cluster Manager (Java Console) offers two windows, Cluster Monitor and Cluster
Explorer, from which most tasks are performed. Use Cluster Manager to manage,
configure, and administer the cluster while VCS is running (online).
The Java Console also enables you to use VCS Simulator. Use this tool to simulate
operations and generate new configuration files (main.cf and types.cf) while VCS is
offline. VCS Simulator enables you to design configurations that imitate real-life scenarios
without test clusters or changes to existing configurations. See “Administering VCS
Simulator” on page 209 for details.
Icons in the Java Console

Refer to the appendix “Cluster and System States” for details on cluster and system states.
Icon Description
Cluster
System
Service Group
Resource Type
Resource
OFFLINE
Faulted (in UP BUT NOT IN CLUSTER MEMBERSHIP state)
Icons in the Java Console
Icon Description
Faulted (in EXITED state)
PARTIAL
Link Heartbeats (in UP and DOWN states)
Disk Heartbeats (in UP and DOWN states)
UP AND IN JEOPARDY
FROZEN
AUTODISABLED
UNKNOWN
ADMIN_WAIT
Global Service Group (requires the VCS Global Cluster

Option)
Remote Cluster in RUNNING state (requires the VCS Global

Cluster Option)
Remote Cluster in EXITING, EXITED, INIT, INQUIRY,

LOST_CONN, LOST_HB, TRANSITIONING, or UNKNOWN state.

About Cluster Monitor

After starting Cluster Manager, the first window that appears is Cluster Monitor. This
window includes one or more panels displaying general information about actual or
simulated clusters. Use Cluster Monitor to log on to and off of a cluster, view summary
information on various VCS objects, customize the display, use VCS Simulator, and exit
Cluster Manager.
Cluster Monitor Toolbar

The Cluster Monitor toolbar contains the following buttons. Available operations are
described below.
From left to right:
New Cluster. Adds a new cluster panel to Cluster Monitor.
Delete Cluster. Removes a cluster panel from Cluster Monitor.
Expand. Expands the Cluster Monitor view.
Collapse. Collapses the Cluster Monitor view.
Stop. Pauses cluster panel scrolling.
Start. Resumes scrolling.
Login. Log on to the cluster shown in the cluster panel.
Show Explorer. Launches an additional window of Cluster Explorer after logging

on to that cluster.
Move Cluster Panel Up. Moves the selected cluster panel up.
Move Cluster Panel Down. Moves the selected cluster panel down.
Help. Access online help.

Cluster Monitor Panels

To administer a cluster, add a cluster panel or reconfigure an existing cluster panel in
Cluster Monitor. Each panel summarizes the status of the connection and components of a
cluster.
Monitoring the Cluster Connection with Cluster Monitor

The right pane of a panel in Cluster Monitor displays the status of the connection to a
cluster. An inactive panel will appear grey until the user logs on and connects to the
cluster. To alter the connection to a cluster, right-click a panel to access a menu.
◆ The menu on an active panel enables you to log off a cluster.
◆ The menu on an inactive panel enables you to log on to a cluster, configure the cluster,
and delete the cluster from Cluster Monitor.
Menus are enabled when the Cluster Monitor display appears in the default expanded
view. If you activate a menu on a collapsed scrolling view of Cluster Monitor, the
scrolling stops while accessing the menu.
If the system to which the console is connected goes down, a message notifies you that the
connection to the cluster is lost. Cluster Monitor tries to connect to another system in the
cluster according to the number of Failover retries set in the Connectivity Configuration
dialog box. The panels flash until Cluster Monitor is successfully connected to a different
system. If the failover is unsuccessful, a message notifies you of the failure and the panels
turn grey.
Monitoring VCS Objects with Cluster Monitor

Cluster Monitor summarizes the state of various objects in a cluster and provides access to
in-depth information about these objects in Cluster Explorer. The right pane of a Cluster
Monitor panel displays the connection status (online, offline, up, or down) of service
groups, systems, and heartbeats. The left pane of a Cluster Monitor panel displays three
icons representing service groups, systems, and heartbeats. The colors of the icons
indicate the state of the cluster; for example:
◆ A flashing red slash indicates Cluster Manager failed to connect to the cluster and will
attempt to connect to another system in the cluster.
◆ A flashing yellow slash indicates Cluster Manager is experiencing problems with the
connection to the cluster.
Pointing to an icon accesses the icon’s ScreenTip, which provides additional information
on the specific VCS object.
To review detailed information about VCS objects in Cluster Explorer, Logs, and
Command Center, right-click a panel to access a menu. Menus are enabled when the
Cluster Monitor display appears in the default expanded view. If you activate a menu on
a collapsed scrolling view of Cluster Monitor, the scrolling stops while accessing the
menu.

Expanding and Collapsing the Cluster Monitor Display

Cluster Monitor supports two views: expanded (default) and collapsed. The expanded
view shows all cluster panels. The collapsed view shows one cluster panel at a time as the
panels scroll upward.
Operations enabled for the expanded view of cluster panels, such as viewing menus, are
also enabled on the collapsed view after the panels stop scrolling.
▼ To collapse the Cluster Monitor view
On the View menu, click Collapse.

or
Click Collapse on the Cluster Monitor toolbar.
▼ To expand the Cluster Monitor view
On the View menu, click Expand.

or
Click Expand on the Cluster Monitor toolbar.
▼ To pause a scrolling cluster panel
Click the cluster panel.

or
Click Stop on the Cluster Monitor toolbar.
Customizing the Cluster Manager Display

1. From Cluster Monitor, click Preferences on the File menu. If you are using a
Windows system, proceed to step 2. Otherwise, proceed to step 3.
2. In the Look & Feel tab (for Windows systems):
a. Click Native (Windows or Motif) look & feel or Java (Metal) look & feel.
b. Click Apply.
3. In the Appearance tab:
a. Click the color (applies to Java (Metal) look & feel).
b. Click an icon size.
c. Select the Show Tooltips check box to enable ToolTips.

d. Select the Remove Cluster Manager colors check box to alter the standard color
scheme.
e. Click Apply.
4. In the Sound tab:
a. Select the Enable Sound check box to associate sound with specific events.
b. Click an event from the Events configuration tree.
c. Click a sound from the Sounds list box.
d. To test the selected sound, click Play.
e. Click Apply.
f. Repeat step 4a through step 4e to enable sound for other events.
Note This tab requires a properly configured sound card.
5. After you have made your final selection, click OK.
About Cluster Explorer

Cluster Explorer is the main window for cluster administration. From this window, you
can view the status of VCS objects and perform various operations.
The display is divided into three panes. The top pane includes a toolbar that enables you
to perform frequently used operations quickly. The left pane contains a configuration tree
with three tabs: Service Groups, Systems, and Resource Types. The right pane contains a
panel that displays various views relevant to the object selected in the configuration tree.
▼ To access Cluster Explorer
1. Log on to the cluster.
2. Click anywhere in the active Cluster Monitor panel.

or
Right-click the selected Cluster Monitor panel and click Explorer View from the
menu.

Cluster Explorer Toolbar

The Cluster Explorer toolbar contains 18 buttons. Available operations are described
below. Note: Some buttons may be disabled depending on the type of cluster (local or
global) and the privileges with which you logged on to the cluster.
From left to right:
Open Configuration. Modifies a read-only configuration to a read-write file. This

enables you to modify the configuration.
Save Configuration. Writes the configuration to disk.
Save and Close Configuration. Writes the configuration to disk as a read-only file.
Add Service Group. Displays the Add Service Group dialog box.
Add Resource. Displays the Add Resource dialog box.
Add System. Displays the Add System dialog box.
Manage systems for a Service Group. Displays the System Manager dialog box.
Online Service Group. Displays the Online Service Group dialog box.
Offline Service Group. Displays the Offline Service Group dialog box.
Show Command Center. Enables you to perform many of the same VCS
operations available from the command line.
Show Shell Command Window. Enables you to launch a non-interactive shell

command on cluster systems, and to view the results on a per-system basis.
Show the Logs. Displays alerts and messages received from the VCS engine, VCS
agents, and commands issued from the console.
Launch Configuration Wizard. Enables you to create VCS service groups.
Launch Notifier Resource Configuration Wizard. Enables you to set up VCS event
notification.
Add/Delete Remote Clusters. Enables you to add and remove global clusters.
Configure Global Groups. Enables you to convert a local service group to a global
group, and vice versa.
Query. Enables you to search the cluster configuration according to filter criteria.
Show Cluster Explorer Help. Enables you to access online help.

Cluster Explorer Configuration Tree

The Cluster Explorer configuration tree is a tabbed display of VCS objects.
◆ The Service Groups tab lists the service groups in the cluster. Expand each service
group to view the group’s resource types and resources.
◆ The Systems tab lists the systems in the cluster.
◆ The Types tab lists the resource types in the cluster
Cluster Explorer View Panel

The right pane of the Cluster Explorer includes a view panel that provides detailed
information about the object selected in the configuration tree. The information is
presented in tabular or graphical format. Use the tabs in the view panel to access a
particular view. The console enables you to “tear off” each view to appear in a separate
window.
◆ Click any object in the configuration tree to access the Status View and Properties
View.
◆ Click a cluster in the configuration tree to access the Service Group View, System
Connectivity View, and Remote Cluster Status View (for global clusters only).
◆ Click a service group in the configuration tree to access the Resource View.
▼ To create a tear-off view

On the View menu, click Tear Off, and click the appropriate view from the menu.
or
Right-click the object in the configuration tree, click View, and click the appropriate view
from the menu.
Status View
The Status View summarizes the state of the object selected in the configuration tree. Use
this view to monitor the overall status of a cluster, system, service group, resource type,
and resource.
For example, if a service group is selected in the configuration tree, the Status View
displays the state of the service group and its resources on member systems. It also
displays the last five critical or error logs. Point to an icon in the status table to open a
ScreenTip about the relevant VCS object.
For global clusters, this view displays the state of the remote clusters. For global groups,
this view shows the status of the groups on both local and remote clusters.
▼ To access the Status View
1. From Cluster Explorer, click an object in the configuration tree.
2. In the view panel, click the Status tab.

Properties View
The Properties View displays the attributes of VCS objects. These attributes describe the
scope and parameters of a cluster and its components.
To view information on an attribute, click the attribute name or the icon in the Help
column of the table. For a complete list of VCS attributes, including their type, dimension,
and definition, see the appendix “VCS Attributes.”
By default, this view displays key attributes of the object selected in the configuration tree.
The Properties View for a resource displays key attributes of the resource and attributes
specific to the resource types. It also displays attributes whose values have been
overridden. See“Overriding Resource Type Static Attributes” on page 179 for more
information.
To view all attributes associated with the selected VCS object, click Show all attributes.
▼ To access the Properties View
1. From Cluster Explorer, click a VCS object in the configuration tree.
2. In the view panel, click the Properties tab.
Service Group View

The Service Group View displays the service groups and their dependencies in a cluster.
Use the graph and ScreenTips in this view to monitor, create, and disconnect
dependencies. To view the ScreenTips, point to a group icon for information on the type
and state of the group on the cluster systems, and the type of dependency between the
service groups.
The line between two service groups represents a dependency, or parent-child

relationship. In VCS, parent service groups depend on child service groups. A service
group can function as a parent and a child. (See “Categories of Service Group
Dependencies” for more information.)
The color of the link between service groups indicates different types of dependencies.
◆ A blue link indicates a soft dependency.
◆ A red link indicates a firm dependency.
◆ A green link indicates a hard dependency typically used with VVR in disaster
recovery configurations.
▼ To access the Service Group View
1. From Cluster Explorer, click a cluster in the configuration tree.
2. In the view panel, click the Service Groups tab.

Resource View
The Resource View displays the resources in a service group. Use the graph and
ScreenTips in this view to monitor the dependencies between resources and the status of
the service group on all or individual systems in a cluster.
In the graph, the line between two resources represents a dependency, or parent-child
relationship. Resource dependencies specify the order in which resources are brought
online and taken offline. During a failover process, the resources closest to the top of the
graph must be taken offline before the resources linked to them are taken offline.
Similarly, the resources that appear closest to the bottom of the graph must be brought
online before the resources linked to them can come online.
◆ A resource that depends on other resources is a parent resource. The graph links a
parent resource icon to a child resource icon below it. Root resources (resources
without parents) are displayed in the top row.
◆ A resource on which the other resources depend is a child resource. The graph links a
child resource icon to a parent resource icon above it.
◆ A resource can function as a parent and a child.
Point to a resource icon to display ScreenTips about the type, state, and key attributes of
the resource. The state of the resource reflects the state on a specified system (local).
In the bottom pane of the Resource View, point to the system and service group icons to
display ScreenTips about the service group status on all or individual systems in a cluster.
Click a system icon to view the resource graph of the service group on the system. Click
the service group icon to view the resource graph on all systems in the cluster.
▼ To access the Resource View
1. From Cluster Explorer, click the service groups tab in the configuration tree.
2. Click a service group in the configuration tree.
3. In the view panel, click the Resources tab.
Moving and Linking Icons in Group and Resource Views

The Link and Auto Arrange buttons are available in the top right corner of the Service
Group or Resource View:
Click Link to set or disable the link mode for the Service Group and Resource Views.
Note: There are alternative ways to set up dependency links without using the Link
button.
The link mode enables you to create a dependency link by clicking on the parent icon,
dragging the yellow line to the icon that will serve as the child, and then clicking the child
icon. Use the Esc key to delete the yellow dependency line connecting the parent and
child during the process of linking the two icons.
If the Link mode is not activated, click and drag an icon along a horizontal plane to move
the icon. Click Auto Arrange to reset the appearance of the graph. The view resets the
arrangement of icons after the addition or deletion of a resource, service group, or
dependency link. Changes in the Resource and Service Group Views will be maintained
after the user logs off and logs on to the Java Console at a later time.

Zooming In on Service Group and Resource Views

The Resource View and Service Group View include a navigator tool to zoom in or out of
their graphs. Click the magnifying glass icon in the top right corner to open the zoom
panel.
◆ To move the view to the left or right, click a distance (in pixels) from the drop-down
list box between the hand icons. Click the <- or -> hand icon to move the view in the
desired direction.
◆ To shrink or enlarge the view, click a size factor from the drop-down list box between
the magnifying glass icons. Click the - or + magnifying glass icon to modify the size of
the view.
◆ To view a segment of the graph, point to the box to the right of the + magnifying glass
icon. Use the red outline in this box to encompass the appropriate segment of the
graph. Click the newly outlined area to view the segment.
◆ To return to the original view, click the magnifying glass icon labeled 1.
System Connectivity View

The System Connectivity View displays the status of system connections in a cluster. Use
this view to monitor the system links and disk group heartbeats.
VCS monitors systems and their services over a private network. The systems
communicate via heartbeats over an additional private network, which enables them to
recognize which systems are active members of the cluster, which are joining or leaving
the cluster, and which have failed.
VCS protects against network failure by requiring that all systems be connected by two or
more communication channels. When a system is down to a single heartbeat connection,
VCS can no longer discriminate between the loss of a system and the loss of a network
connection. This situation is referred to as jeopardy.
Point to a system icon to display a ScreenTip on the links and disk group heartbeats. If a
system in the cluster is experiencing a problem connecting to other systems, the system
icon changes its appearance to indicate the link or disk heartbeat is down. In this situation,
a jeopardy warning may appear in the ScreenTip for this system.
▼ To access the System Connectivity View
2. In the view panel, click the System Connectivity tab.

Remote Cluster Status View

Note This view requires the VCS Global Cluster Option.
The Remote Cluster Status View provides an overview of the clusters and global groups
in a global cluster environment. Use this view to view the name, address, and status of a
cluster, and the type (Icmp or IcmpS) and state of a heartbeat.
This view enables you to declare a remote cluster fault as a disaster, disconnect, or outage.
Point to a table cell to view information about the VCS object.
▼ To access the Remote Cluster Status View
2. In the view panel, click the Remote Cluster Status tab.
Accessing Additional Features of the Java Console

Use Cluster Manager to access the Template View, System Manager, User Manager,
Command Center, Configuration Wizard, Notifier Resource Configuration Wizard, Query
Module, and Logs.
Template View
The Template View displays the service group templates available in VCS. Templates are
predefined service groups that define the resources, resource attributes, and
dependencies within the service group. Use this view to add service groups to the cluster
configuration, and copy the resources within a service group template to existing service
groups.
In this window, the left pane displays the templates available on the system to which
Cluster Manager is connected. The right pane displays the selected template’s resource
dependency graph.
Template files conform to the VCS configuration language and contain the extension .tf.
These files reside in the VCS configuration directory.
▼ To access the Template View

From Cluster Explorer, click Templates on the Tools menu.

System Manager
Use System Manager to add and remove systems in a service group’s system list.
▼ To access System Manager

From Cluster Explorer, click the service group in the configuration tree, and click System
Manager on the Tools menu.
or
In the Service Groups tab of the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, click a service group,
and click Manage systems for a Service Group on the toolbar.
User Manager
User Manager enables you to add and delete user profiles and to change user privileges.
You must be logged in as Cluster Administrator to access User Manager.
▼ To access User Manager

From Cluster Explorer, click User Manager on the File menu.

Command Center
Command Center enables you to build and execute VCS commands; most commands that
are executed from the command line can also be executed through this window. The left
pane of the window displays a Commands tree of all VCS operations. The right pane
displays a view panel that describes the selected command. The bottom pane displays the
commands being executed.
The commands tree is organized into Configuration and Operations folders. Click the
icon to the left of the Configuration or Operations folder to view its subfolders and
command information in the right pane. Point to an entry in the commands tree to display
information about the selected command.
▼ To access Command Center

From Cluster Explorer, click Command Center on the Tools menu.
or
On the Cluster Explorer toolbar, click Show Command Center.
Configuration Wizard
Use Configuration Wizard to create and assign service groups to systems in a cluster.
▼ To access Configuration Wizard

From Cluster Explorer, click Configuration Wizard on the Tools menu.
or
On the Cluster Explorer toolbar, click Launch Configuration Wizard.
Notifier Resource Configuration Wizard

VCS provides a method for notifying an administrator of important events such as a
resource or system fault. VCS includes a “notifier” component, which consists of the
notifier daemon and the hanotify utility. This wizard enables you to configure the
notifier component as a resource of type NotifierMngr as part of the ClusterService group.
▼ To access Notifier Resource Configuration Wizard

From Cluster Explorer, click Notifier Wizard on the Tools menu.
or
On the Cluster Explorer toolbar, click Launch Notifier Resource Configuration Wizard.

Cluster Query
Use Cluster Query to run SQL-like queries from Cluster Explorer. VCS objects that can be
queried include service groups, systems, resources, and resource types. Some queries can
be customized, including searching for the system’s online group count and specific
resource attributes.
▼ To access the Query dialog box

From Cluster Explorer, click Query on the Tools menu.
or
In the Cluster Explorer toolbar, click Query.
Logs
The Logs dialog box displays the log messages generated by the VCS engine, VCS agents,
and commands issued from Cluster Manager to the cluster. Use this dialog box to monitor
and take actions on alerts on faulted global clusters and failed service group failover
attempts.
Note To ensure the time stamps for engine log messages are accurate, make sure to set the
time zone of the system running the Java Console to the same time zone as the
system running the VCS engine.
✔ Click the VCS Logs tab to view the log type, time, and details of an event. Each
message presents an icon in the first column of the table to indicate the message type.
Use this window to customize the display of messages by setting filter criteria.
✔ Click the Agent Logs tab to display logs according to system, resource type, and
resource filter criteria. Use this tab to view the log type, time, and details of an agent
event.

✔ Click the Command Logs tab to view the status (success or failure), time, command
ID, and details of a command. The Command Log only displays commands issued in
the current session.
✔ Click the Alerts tab to view situations that may require administrative action. Alerts
are generated when a local group cannot fail over to any system in the local cluster, a
global group cannot fail over, or a cluster fault takes place. A current alert will also
appear as a pop-up window when you log on to a cluster through the console.
▼ To access the Logs dialog box

From Cluster Explorer, click Logs on the View menu.
or
On the Cluster Explorer toolbar, click Show the Logs.
Administering Cluster Monitor

Use the Java Console to administer a cluster or simulated cluster by adding or
reconfiguring a cluster panel in Cluster Monitor. To activate the connection of the
procedures, log on to the cluster after completing the final step.
Configuring a New Cluster Panel

1. From Cluster Monitor, click New Cluster on the File menu. For simulated clusters,
click New Simulator on the File menu.
or
Click New Cluster on the Cluster Monitor toolbar.
2. Enter the details to connect to the cluster:
a. Enter the host name or IP address.
b. If necessary, change the default port number of 14141; VCS Simulator uses a
default port number of 14153. Note that you must use a different port to connect
to each Simulator instance, even if these instances are running on the same
system.
c. Enter the number of failover retries. VCS sets the default failover retries number
to 12.
d. Click OK. An inactive panel appears in Cluster Monitor.

Modifying a Cluster Panel Configuration

1. If Cluster Monitor is in the default expanded state, proceed to step 2. If Cluster
Monitor is in the collapsed state:
or
On the View menu, click Stop when an active panel appears as the view panel.
2. Right-click the cluster panel. If the panel is inactive, proceed to step 4.
3. On the menu, click Logout. The cluster panel becomes inactive.
4. Right-click the inactive panel, and click Configure.
5. Edit the details to connect to the cluster:
a. Enter the host name.
b. Enter the port number and the number of failover retries. VCS sets the default
port number to 14141 and failover retries number to 12; VCS Simulator uses a
default port number of 14153.
c. For simulated panels, click the platform for the configuration.
d. Click OK.
Logging On to and Off of a Cluster

After you add or configure a cluster panel in Cluster Monitor, log on to a cluster to access
Cluster Explorer. Use Cluster Monitor to log off a cluster when you have completed
administering the cluster.
Logging on to a Cluster

or
2. Click the panel that represents the cluster you want to log on to and monitor.
or
If the appropriate panel is highlighted, click Login on the File menu.
3. Enter the information for the user:
a. Enter the VCS user name and password.
b. Click OK.
The animated display shows various objects, such as service groups and resources, being
transferred from the server to the console.
Cluster Explorer is launched automatically upon initial logon, and the icons in the cluster
panel change color to indicate an active panel.

Logging off of a Cluster

or
2. Right-click the active panel, and click Logout.

or
If the appropriate panel is highlighted, click Logout on the File menu.
Cluster Explorer closes and the Cluster Monitor panel becomes inactive. You may be
prompted to save the configuration if any commands were executed on the cluster.
▼ To log off from Cluster Explorer

Click Log Out on the File menu.
Administering User Profiles

The Java Console enables a user with Cluster Administrator privileges to add, modify,
and delete user profiles. The icon next to each user name in the User Manager dialog box
indicates privileges for each user. Administrator and Operator privileges are separated
into the cluster and group levels. For more information, see “VCS User Privileges” on
page 53.
Adding a User
1. From Cluster Explorer, click User Manager on the File menu.
2. In the User Manager dialog box, click New User.
3. In the Add User dialog box:
a. Enter the name of the user.
b. Enter a password for the user and confirm it.
c. Select the appropriate check boxes to grant privileges to the user. To grant Group
Administrator or Group Operator privileges, proceed to step 3d. Otherwise,
proceed to step 3f.
d. Click Select Groups.
e. Click the groups for which you want to grant privileges to the user and click the
right arrow to move the groups to the Selected Groups box.
f. Click OK to exit the Add User dialog box, then click OK again to exit the Add
Group dialog box.
4. Click Close.

Deleting a User
2. In the User Manager dialog box, click the user name.
3. Click Remove User.
4. Click Yes.
Changing a User Password

A user with Administrator, Operator, or Guest privileges can change his or her own
password. You must be logged on as Cluster Administrator to access User Manager.
▼ To change a password as an Administrator
2. Click the user name.
3. Click Change Password.
4. In the Change Password dialog box:
a. Enter the new password.
b. Reenter the password in the Confirm Password field.
c. Click OK.
▼ To change a password as an Operator or Guest
1. From Cluster Explorer, click Change Password on the File menu.
2. In the Change Password dialog box:
a. Enter the new password.
b. Reenter the password in the Confirm Password field.
c. Click OK.
Note Before changing the password, make sure the configuration is in the read-write
mode. Cluster administrators can change the configuration to the read-write mode.
Changing a User Privilege

2. Click the user name.
3. Click Change Privileges and enter the details for user privileges:
a. Select the appropriate check boxes to grant privileges to the user. To grant Group
Administrator or Group Operator privileges, proceed to step 4b. Otherwise,
proceed to step 4d.
b. Click Select Groups.
c. Click the groups for which you want to grant privileges to the user, then click the
right arrow to move the groups to the Selected Groups box.
d. Click OK in the Change Privileges dialog box, then click Close in the User
Manager dialog box.


Use the Java Console to administer service groups in the cluster. Use the console to add
and delete, bring online and take offline, freeze and unfreeze, link and unlink, enable and
disable, autoenable, switch, and flush service groups. You can also modify the system list
for a service group.
Adding a Service Group

The Java Console provides several ways to add a service group to the systems in a cluster.
Use Cluster Explorer, Command Center, or the Template View to perform this task.
▼ To add a service group from Cluster Explorer
1. On the Edit menu, click Add, and click Service Group.

or
Click Add Service Group in the Cluster Explorer toolbar.
2. Enter the details of the service group:
a. Enter the name of the service group.
b. In the Available Systems box, click the systems on which the service group will
be added.
c. Click the right arrow to move the selected systems to the Systems for Service
Group box. The priority number (starting with 0) is automatically assigned to
indicate the order of systems on which the service group will start in case of a
failover. If necessary, double-click the entry in the Priority column to enter a new
value.
d. To add a new service group based on a template, click Templates. Otherwise,

proceed to step 2g. (Alternative method to add a new service group based on a
template: From Cluster Explorer, click Templates on the Tools menu. Right-click
the Template View panel, and click Add as Service Group from the menu.)
e. Click the appropriate template name, then click OK.
f. Click the appropriate service group type. A failover service group runs on only
one system at a time; a parallel service group runs concurrently on multiple
systems.
g. Click Show Command in the bottom left corner if you want to view the command
associated with the service group. Click Hide Command to close the view of the
command.
h. Click OK.

▼ To add a service group from Command Center
1. In the Command Center configuration tree, expand

Commands>Configuration>Cluster Objects>Add Service Group.
or
Click Add service group in the Command Center toolbar.
2. Enter the name of the service group.
3. In the Available Systems box, click the systems on which the service group will be
added.
4. Click the right arrow to move the selected systems to the Systems for Service Group
box. The priority number (starting with 0) is automatically assigned to indicate the
order of systems on which the service group will start in case of a failover. If
necessary, double-click the entry in the Priority column to enter a new value.
5. To add a new service group based on a template, click Templates. Otherwise, proceed
to step 8.
6. Click the appropriate template name.
7. Click OK.
8. Click the appropriate service group type. A failover service group runs on only one
system at a time; a parallel service group runs concurrently on multiple systems.
9. Click Apply.
▼ To add a service group from the Template View
1. From Cluster Explorer, click Templates on the Tools menu.
2. Right-click the Template View panel, and click Add as Service Group from the
pop-up menu. This adds the service group template to the cluster configuration file
without associating it to a particular system.
3. Use System Manager to add the service group to systems in the cluster.

Deleting a Service Group

Delete a service group from Cluster Explorer or Command Center.
Note You cannot delete service groups with dependencies. To delete a linked service
group, you must first delete the link.
▼ To delete a service group from Cluster Explorer
1. In the Service Groups tab of the configuration tree, right-click the service group.
or
Click a cluster in the configuration tree, click the Service Groups tab, and right-click
the service group icon in the view panel.
2. Click Delete from the menu.
3. Click Yes.
▼ To delete a service group from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Cluster Objects>Delete Service Group.
2. Click the service group.
3. Click Apply.
Bringing a Service Group Online

▼ To bring a service group online from the Cluster Explorer Configuration Tree
or
2. Click Online, and click the appropriate system from the menu. Click Any System if
you do not need to specify a system.
▼ To bring a service group online from the Cluster Explorer Toolbar
1. Click Online Service Group on the Cluster Explorer toolbar.
2. Specify the details for the service group:
a. Click the service group.
b. For global groups, select the cluster in which to bring the group online.
c. Click the system on which to bring the group online, or select the Any System
check box.
d. Select the No Preonline check box to bring the service group online without
invoking the preonline trigger.
e. Click Show Command in the bottom left corner to view the command associated
with the service group. Click Hide Command to close the view of the command
f. Click OK.

▼ To bring a service group online from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Controls>Online Service Group.
or
Click Bring service group online in the Command Center toolbar.
3. For global groups, select the cluster in which to bring the group online.
4. Click the system on which to bring the group online, or select the Any System check
box.
5. Click Apply.
Taking a Service Group Offline

▼ To take a service group offline from Cluster Explorer Configuration Tree
or
2. Click Offline, and click the appropriate system from the menu. Click All Systems to
take the group offline on all systems.
▼ To take a service group offline from the Cluster Explorer Toolbar
1. Click Offline Service Group in the Cluster Explorer toolbar.
2. Enter the details of the service group:
a. Click the service group.
b. For global groups, select the cluster in which to take the group offline.
c. Click the system on which to take the group offline, or click All Systems.
d. Click Show Command in the bottom left corner if you want to view the command
associated with the service group. Click Hide Command to close the view of the
command.
e. Click OK.

▼ To take a service group offline from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Controls>Offline Service Group.
or
Click Take service group offline in the Command Center toolbar.
3. For global groups, select the cluster in which to take the group offline.
4. Click the system on which to take the group offline, or click the All Systems check
box.
5. Click Apply.
Switching a Service Group

The process of switching a service group involves taking it offline on its current system
and bringing it online on another system.
▼ To switch a service group from Cluster Explorer
or
Click the cluster in the configuration tree, click the Service Groups tab, and right-click
2. Click Switch To, and click the appropriate system from the menu.
▼ To switch a service group from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Controls>Switch Service Group.
3. For global groups, select the cluster in which to switch the service group.
4. Click the system on which to bring the group online, or select the Any System check
box.
5. Click Apply.

Freezing a Service Group

Freeze a service group to prevent it from failing over to another system. This freezing
process stops all online and offline procedures on the service group.
▼ To freeze a service group from Cluster Explorer
or
2. Click Freeze, and click Temporary or Persistent from the menu. The persistent option
maintains the frozen state after a reboot if the user saves this change to the
configuration.
▼ To freeze a service group from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Freeze Service Group.
3. Select the persistent check box if necessary. The persistent option maintains the frozen
state after a reboot if the user saves this change to the configuration.
4. Click Apply.
Unfreezing a Service Group

Unfreeze a frozen service group to perform online or offline operations on the service
group.
▼ To unfreeze a service group from Cluster Explorer
or
2. Click Unfreeze.
▼ To unfreeze a service group from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Unfreeze Service Group.
3. Click Apply.

Enabling a Service Group

Enable a service group before bringing it online. A service group that was manually
disabled during a maintenance procedure on a system may need to be brought online
after the procedure is completed.
▼ To enable a service group from Cluster Explorer
or
2. Click Enable, and click the appropriate system from the menu. Click all to enable the
group on all systems.
▼ To enable a service group from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Enable Service Group.
3. Select the Per System check box to enable the group on a specific system instead of all
systems.
4. Click Apply.
Disabling a Service Group

Disable a service group to prevent it from coming online. This process temporarily stops
VCS from monitoring a service group on a system undergoing maintenance operations.
▼ To disable a service group from Cluster Explorer
or
2. Click Disable, and click the appropriate system in the menu. Click all to disable the
group on all systems.
▼ To disable a service group from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Disable Service Group.
3. Select the Per System check box to disable the group on a specific system instead of all
systems.
4. Click Apply.

Autoenabling a Service Group

A service group is autodisabled until VCS probes all resources and checks that they are
ready to bring online. Autoenable a service group in situations where the VCS engine is
not running on one of the systems in the cluster, and you must override the disabled state
of the service group to enable the group on another system in the cluster.
▼ To autoenable a service group from Cluster Explorer
or
2. Click Autoenable, and click the appropriate system from the menu.
▼ To autoenable a service group from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Autoenable Service Group.
3. Click the system on which to autoenable the group.
4. Click Apply.
Flushing a Service Group

As a service group is brought online or taken offline, the resources within the group are
brought online and taken offline. If the online or offline operation hangs on a particular
resource, flush the service group to halt the operation on the resources waiting to go
online or offline. Flushing a service group typically leaves the cluster in a partial state.
After completing this process, resolve the issue with the particular resource (if necessary)
and proceed with starting or stopping the service group.
▼ To flush a service group from Cluster Explorer
or
2. Click Flush, and click the appropriate system from the menu.
▼ To flush a service group from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Flush Service Group.
3. Click the system on which to flush the service group.
4. Click Apply.

Linking Service Groups

▼ To link a service group from Cluster Explorer
1. Click a cluster in the configuration tree.
2. In the view panel, click the Service Groups tab. This opens the service group
dependency graph. To link a parent group with a child group:
a. Click Link.
b. Click the parent group.
c. Move the mouse toward the child group. The yellow line “snaps” to the child
group. If necessary, press Esc on the keyboard to delete the line between the
parent and the pointer before it snaps to the child.
d. Click the child group.
e. In the Link Service Groups dialog box, click the group relationship and
dependency type. See “Categories of Service Group Dependencies” on page 387
for details on group dependencies.
f. Click OK or perform steps 1 and 2, right-click the parent group, and click Link
from the menu.
g. Click the child group, relationship, and dependency type. See “Categories of
Service Group Dependencies” on page 387 for details on group dependencies.
h. Click OK.
▼ To link a service group from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Dependencies>Link Service Groups.
2. Click the parent resource group in the Service Groups box. After selecting the parent
group, the potential groups that can serve as child groups are displayed in the Child
Service Groups box.
3. Click a child service group.
4. Click the group relationship and dependency type. See Chapter 13 for details on
group dependencies.
5. Click Apply.

Unlinking Service Groups

▼ To delete a service group dependency from Cluster Explorer
1. Click a cluster in the configuration tree.
2. In the view panel, click the Service Groups tab.
3. In the Service Group View, right-click the link between the service groups.
4. Click Unlink from the menu.
5. Click Yes.
▼ To delete a service group dependency from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Dependencies>Unlink Service Groups.
2. Click the parent resource group in the Service Groups box. After selecting the parent
group, the corresponding child groups are displayed in the Child Service Groups
box.
3. Click the child service group.
4. Click Apply.
Managing Systems for a Service Group

From Cluster Explorer, use System Manager to add and remove systems on a service
group’s system list.
▼ To add a system to the service group’s system list
1. In the System Manager dialog box, click the system in the Available Systems box.
2. Click the right arrow to move the available system to the Systems for Service Group
table.
3. The priority number (starting with 0) is assigned to indicate the order of systems on
which the service group will start in case of a failover. If necessary, double-click the
entry in the Priority column to enter a new value.
4. Click OK.
▼ To remove a system from the service group’s system list
1. In the System Manager dialog box, click the system in the Systems for Service Group
table.
2. Click the left arrow to move the system to the Available Systems box.
3. Click OK.

Creating Service Groups with the Configuration Wizard

This section describes how to create service groups using the Configuration Wizard.
▼ To create a service group using the configuration wizard
1. Open the Configuration Wizard. From Cluster Explorer, click Configuration Wizard
on the Tools menu.
2. Read the information on the Welcome screen and click Next.
3. Specify the name and target systems for the service group:
a. Enter the name of the group.
b. Click the target systems in the Available Systems box.
c. Click the right arrow to move the systems to the Systems for Service Group table.
To remove a system from the table, click the system and click the left arrow.
d. The priority number (starting with 0) is automatically assigned to indicate the

order of systems on which the service group will start in case of a failover. If
e. Click the service group type.
4. Click Next.
5. Click Next again to configure the service group with a template and proceed to step 7.
Click Finish to add an empty service group to the selected cluster systems and
configure it at a later time.
6. Click the template on which to base the new service group. The Templates box lists
the templates available on the system to which Cluster Manager is connected. The
resource dependency graph of the templates, the number of resources, and the
resource types are also displayed.
7. Click Next. If a window notifies you that the name of the service group or resource
within the service group is already in use, proceed to step 9. Otherwise, proceed to
step 10.
8. Click Next to apply all of the new names listed in the table to resolve the name clash.
or
Modify the clashing names by entering text in the field next to the Apply button,
clicking the location of the text for each name from the Correction drop-down list box,
clicking Apply, and clicking Next.
9. Click Next to create the service group. A progress indicator displays the status.
10. After the service group is successfully created, click Next to edit attributes using the
wizard and proceed to step 12. Click Finish to edit attributes at a later time using
Cluster Explorer.
11. Review the attributes associated with the resources of the service group. If necessary,
proceed to step 13 to modify the default values of the attributes. Otherwise, proceed
to step 14 to accept the default values and complete the configuration.
12. Modify the values of the attributes (if necessary).
a. Click the resource.
b. Click the attribute to be modified.
c. Click the Edit icon at the end of the table row.
d. In the Edit Attribute dialog box, enter the attribute values.
e. Click OK.
f. Repeat the procedure for each resource and attribute.
13. Click Finish.

Use the Java Console to administer resources in the cluster. Use the console to add and
delete, bring online and take offline, probe, enable and disable, clear, and link and unlink
resources. You can also import resource types to the configuration.
Adding a Resource
The Java Console provides several ways to add a resource to a service group. Use Cluster
Explorer or Command Center to perform this task.
▼ To add a resource from Cluster Explorer
1. On the Edit menu, click Add, and click Resource.

or
Click Add Resource in the Cluster Explorer toolbar.
2. Enter the details of the resource:
a. Enter the name of the resource.
b. Click the resource type.
c. Edit resource attributes according to your configuration. The Java Console also
enables you to edit attributes after adding the resource.
d. Select the Critical and Enabled check boxes, if applicable. The Critical option is
selected by default.
A critical resource indicates the service group is faulted when the resource, or any
resource it depends on, faults. An enabled resource indicates agents monitor the
resource; you must specify the values of mandatory attributes before enabling a
resource. If a resource is created dynamically while VCS is running, you must
enable the resource before VCS monitors it. VCS will not bring a disabled resource
nor its children online, even if the children are enabled.
e. Click Show Command in the bottom left corner to view the command associated
with the resource. Click Hide Command to close the view of the command
f. Click OK.
▼ To add a resource from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Cluster Objects>Add Resource.
or
Click Add resource in the Command Center toolbar.
2. Select the service group to contain the resource.
3. Enter the name of the resource.
4. Click the resource type.
5. Edit resource attributes according to your configuration. The Java Console also
enables you to edit attributes after adding the resource.

6. Select the Critical and Enabled check boxes, if applicable. The Critical option is
selected by default.
resource; you must specify the values of mandatory attributes before enabling a
resource. If a resource is created dynamically while VCS is running, you must enable
the resource before VCS monitors it. VCS will not bring a disabled resource nor its
children online, even if the children are enabled.
7. Click Apply.
▼ To add a resource from the Template View
1. From Cluster Explorer, click Templates on the Tools menu.
2. In the left pane of the Template View, click the template from which to add resources
to your configuration.
3. In the resource graph, right-click the resource to be added to your configuration.
4. Click Copy, and click Self from the menu to copy the resource. Click Copy, and click
Self and Child Nodes from the menu to copy the resource with its dependent
resources.
5. In the Service Groups tab of the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, click the service
group to which to add the resources.
6. In the Cluster Explorer view panel, click the Resources tab.
7. Right-click the Resource View panel and click Paste from the menu. After the
resources are added to the service group, edit the attributes to configure the resources.
Deleting a Resource
▼ To delete a resource from Cluster Explorer
1. In the Service Groups tab of the configuration tree, right-click the resource.
or
Click a service group in the configuration tree, click the Resources tab, and right-click
the resource icon in the view panel.
2. Click Delete from the menu.
3. Click Yes.
▼ To delete a resource from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Cluster Objects>Delete Resource.
2. Click the resource.
3. Click Apply.

Bringing a Resource Online

▼ To bring a resource online from Cluster Explorer
or
2. Click Online, and click the appropriate system from the menu.
▼ To bring a resource online from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Controls>Online Resource.
2. Click a resource.
3. Click a system on which to bring the resource online.
4. Click Apply.
Taking a Resource Offline

▼ To take a resource offline from Cluster Explorer
or
2. Click Offline, and click the appropriate system from the menu.
▼ To take a resource offline from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Controls>Offline Resource.
2. Click a resource.
3. Click a system on which to take the resource offline.
4. If necessary, select the ignoreparent check box to take a selected child resource offline,
regardless of the state of the parent resource. This option is only available through
Command Center.
5. Click Apply.

Taking a Resource Offline and Propagating the Command

Use the Offline Propagate (OffProp) feature to propagate the offline state of a parent
resource. This command signals that resources dependent on the parent resource should
also be taken offline.
Use the Offline Propagate (OffProp) “ignoreparent” feature to take a selected resource
offline, regardless of the state of the parent resource. This command propagates the offline
state of the selected resource to the child resources. The “ignoreparent” option is only
available in Command Center.
▼ To take a parent resource and its child resources offline from Cluster Explorer
1. In the Resources tab of the configuration tree, right-click the resource.
2. Click Offline Prop, and click the appropriate system from the menu.
▼ To take a parent resource and its child resources offline from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Controls>OffProp Resource.
3. Click the system on which to offline the resource and its child resources.
4. Click Apply.
▼ To take child resources offline from Command Center while ignoring the state of the
parent resource

Commands>Operations>Controls>OffProp Resource.
3. Click the system on which to offline the resource and its child resources.
4. Select the ignoreparent check box.
5. Click Apply.
Probing a Resource
Probe a resource to check that it is configured and ready to bring online.
▼ To probe a resource from Cluster Explorer
2. Click Probe, and click the appropriate system from the menu.
▼ To probe a resource from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Controls>Probe Resource.
3. Click the system on which to probe the resource.
4. Click Apply.


values. When a static attribute is overridden and the configuration is saved, the main.cf
file includes a line in the resource definition for the static attribute and its overridden
value.
▼ To override a resource type’s static attribute
1. Right-click the resource in the Service Groups tab of the configuration tree or in the
Resources tab of the view panel.
2. Click Override Attributes.
3. Select the attributes to override.
4. Click OK.
The selected attributes appear in the Overridden Attributes table in the Properties
view for the resource.
5. To modify the default value of an overridden attribute, click the icon in the Edit
column of the attribute.
1. Right-click the resource in the Service Groups tab of the configuration tree or in the
Resources tab of the view panel.
2. Click Remove Attribute Overrides.
3. Select the overridden attributes to be restored to their default settings.
4. Click OK.
Enabling Resources in a Service Group

Enable resources in a service group to bring the disabled resources online. A resource may
have been manually disabled to temporarily stop VCS from monitoring the resource. You
must specify the values of mandatory attributes before enabling a resource.
▼ To enable an individual resource in a service group
1. From Cluster Explorer, click the Service Groups tab of the configuration tree.
2. Right-click a disabled resource in the configuration tree, and click Enabled from the
menu.
▼ To enable all resources in a service group from Cluster Explorer
1. From Cluster Explorer, click the Service Groups tab in the configuration tree.
2. Right-click the service group.
3. Click Enable Resources.
▼ To enable all resources in a service group from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Enable Resources for Service Group.
3. Click Apply.

Disabling Resources in a Service Group

Disable resources in a service group to prevent them from coming online. This disabling
process is useful when you want VCS to temporarily “ignore” resources (rather than
delete them) while the service group is still online.
▼ To disable an individual resource in a service group
1. From Cluster Explorer, click the Service Groups tab in the Cluster Explorer
configuration tree.
2. Right-click a resource in the configuration tree. An enabled resource will display a

check mark next to the Enabled option that appears in the menu.
3. Click Enabled from the menu to clear this option.
▼ To disable all resources in a service group from Cluster Explorer
1. From Cluster Explorer, click the Service Groups tab in the configuration tree.
2. Right-click the service group and click Disable Resources.
▼ To disable all resources in a service group from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Disable Resources for Service Group.
3. Click Apply.
Clearing a Resource
Clear a resource to remove a fault and make the resource available to go online. A
resource fault can occur in a variety of situations, such as a power failure or a faulty
configuration.
▼ To clear a resource from Cluster Explorer
2. Click Clear, and click the system from the menu. Click Auto instead of a specific
system to clear the fault on all systems where the fault occurred.
▼ To clear a resource from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Clear Resource.
2. Click the resource. To clear the fault on all systems listed in the Systems box, proceed
to step 5. To clear the fault on a specific system, proceed to step 3.
3. Select the Per System check box.
4. Click the system on which to clear the resource.
5. Click Apply.

Linking Resources
Use Cluster Explorer or Command Center to link resources in a service group.
▼ To link resources from Cluster Explorer
1. In the configuration tree, click the Service Groups tab.
2. Click the service group to which the resources belong.
3. In the view panel, click the Resources tab. This opens the resource dependency graph.
To link a parent resource with a child resource:
a. Click Link.
b. Click the parent resource.
c. Move the mouse towards the child resource. The yellow line “snaps” to the child
resource. If necessary, press Esc to delete the line between the parent and the
pointer before it snaps to the child.
d. Click the child resource.
e. In the Confirmation dialog box, click Yes.

or
Right-click the parent resource, and click Link from the menu. In the Link dialog
box, click the resource that will serve as the child. Click OK.
f. Click OK.
▼ To link resources from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Dependencies>Link Resources.
2. Click the service group to contain the linked resources.
3. Click the parent resource in the Service Group Resources box. After selecting the
parent resource, the potential resources that can serve as child resources are displayed
in the Child Resources box.
4. Click a child resource.
5. Click Apply.

Unlinking Resources
Use Cluster Explorer or Command Center to unlink resources in a service group.
▼ To unlink resources from Cluster Explorer
1. From the configuration tree, click the Service Groups tab.
2. Click the service group to which the resources belong.
3. In the view panel, click the Resources tab.
4. In the Resources View, right-click the link between the resources.
5. Click Unlink from the menu.
6. In the Question dialog box, click Yes to delete the link.
▼ To unlink resources from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Dependencies>Unlink Resources.
2. Click the service group that contains the linked resources.
3. Click the parent resource in the Service Group Resources box. After selecting the
parent resource, the corresponding child resources are displayed in the Child
Resources box.
4. Click the child resource.
5. Click Apply.

Invoking a Resource Action

Cluster Explorer enables you to initiate a predefined action script. Some examples of
predefined resource actions are splitting and joining disk groups.
▼ To invoke a resource action
2. Click Actions.
3. Specify the details of the action:
a. Click the predefined action to execute.
b. Click the system on which to execute the action.
c. To add an argument, click the Add icon (+) and enter the argument. Click the
Delete icon (-) to remove the argument.
d. Click OK.
Refreshing the ResourceInfo Attribute

Refresh the ResourceInfo attribute to view the latest values for that attribute.
▼ To refresh the ResourceInfo attribute
2. Click Refresh ResourceInfo, and click the system on which to refresh the attribute
value.
Clearing the ResourceInfo Attribute

Clear the ResourceInfo attribute to reset all the parameters in this attribute.
▼ To clear the parameters of the ResourceInfo attribute
2. Click Clear ResourceInfo, and click the system on which to reset the attribute value.

Importing Resource Types
Importing Resource Types

The Java Console enables you import resource types to your configuration (main.cf). For
example, use this procedure to import the types.cf for enterprise agents to your
configuration. You cannot import resource types that already exist in your configuration.
▼ To import a resource type from Cluster Explorer
1. On the File menu, click Import Types.
2. In the Import Types dialog box:
a. Click the file from which to import the resource type. The dialog box displays the
files on the system that Cluster Manager is connected to.
b. Click Import.
Use the Java Console to administer systems in the cluster. Use the console to add, delete,
freeze, and unfreeze systems.
Adding a System
Cluster Explorer and Command Center enable you to add a system to the cluster. A
system must have an entry in the LLTTab configuration file before it can be added to the
cluster.
▼ To add a system from Cluster Explorer
1. On the Edit menu, click Add, and click System.

or
Click Add System on the Cluster Explorer toolbar.
2. Enter the name of the system.
3. Click Show Command in the bottom left corner to view the command associated with
the system. Click Hide Command to close the view of the command.
4. Click OK.
▼ To add a system from Command Center
1. Click Add System in the Command Center toolbar.

or
In the Command Center configuration tree, expand
Commands>Configuration>Cluster Objects>Add System.
2. Enter the name of the system.
3. Click Apply.

Deleting a System
▼ To delete a system from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Cluster Objects>Delete System.
2. Click the system.
3. Click Apply.
Freezing a System
Freeze a system to prevent its components from failing over to another system. Use this
procedure during a system upgrade.
▼ To freeze a system from Cluster Explorer
1. Click the Systems tab of the configuration tree.
2. In the configuration tree, right-click the system, click Freeze, and click Temporary or
Persistent from the menu. The persistent option maintains the frozen state after a
reboot if the user saves this change to the configuration.
▼ To freeze a system from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Freeze System.
3. If necessary, select the persistent and evacuate check boxes. The evacuate option
moves all service groups to a different system before the freeze operation takes place.
The persistent option maintains the frozen state after a reboot if the user saves this
change to the configuration.
4. Click Apply.

Unfreezing a System
Unfreeze a frozen system to perform online and offline operations on the system.
▼ To unfreeze a system from Cluster Explorer
1. Click the Systems tab of the configuration tree.
2. In the configuration tree, right-click the system and click Unfreeze.
▼ To unfreeze a system from Command Center

Commands>Operations>Availability>Unfreeze System.
3. Click Apply.
Use the Java Console to specify the clusters you want to view from the console, and to
modify the VCS configuration. The configuration details the parameters of the entire
cluster. Use Cluster Explorer or Command Center to open, save, and “save and close” a
configuration. VCS Simulator enables you to administer the configuration on the local
system while VCS is offline.
Opening a Cluster Configuration

Use Cluster Explorer or Command Center to "open" or make changes to the VCS
configuration.
▼ To open a configuration from Cluster Explorer

On the File menu, click Open Configuration.
or
Click Open Configuration on the Cluster Explorer toolbar.
▼ To open a configuration from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Configuration File>Open Configuration.
2. Click Apply.

Saving a Cluster Configuration

After updating the VCS configuration, use Cluster Explorer or Command Center to save
the latest configuration to disk while maintaining the configuration state in read-write
mode.
▼ To save a configuration from Cluster Explorer

On the File menu, click Save Configuration.
or
Click Save Configuration on the Cluster Explorer toolbar.
▼ To save a configuration from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Configuration File>Save Configuration.
2. Click Apply.
Saving and Closing a Cluster Configuration

After updating the VCS configuration, use Cluster Explorer or Command Center to save
the latest configuration to disk, and "close" or change the configuration state to read-only
mode.
▼ To save and close a configuration from Cluster Explorer

On the File menu, click Close Configuration.
or
Click Save and Close Configuration on the Cluster Explorer toolbar.
▼ To save and close a configuration from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Configuration File>Close Configuration.
2. Click Apply.

Executing Commands
Executing Commands
Use Command Center to execute commands on a cluster. Command Center enables you
to run commands organized as “Configuration” and “Operation.”
▼ To execute a command from Command Center
1. From Command Center, click the command from the command tree. If necessary,
expand the tree to view the command.
2. In the corresponding command interface, click the VCS objects and appropriate
options (if necessary).
3. Click Apply.
Editing Attributes
Editing Attributes
Use the Java Console to edit attributes of VCS objects. By default, the Java Console
displays key attributes and type specific attributes. To view all attributes associated with
an object, click Show all attributes.
▼ To edit an attribute from Cluster Explorer
1. From the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, click the object whose attributes you
want to edit.
2. In the view panel, click the Properties tab. If the attribute does not appear in the
Properties View, click Show all attributes. This opens the Attributes View.
3. In the Properties or Attributes View, click the icon in the Edit column of the Key
Attributes or Type Specific Attributes table. In the Attributes View, click the icon in
the Edit column of the attribute.
4. In the Edit Attribute dialog box, enter the changes to the attributes values.
To edit a scalar value:
Enter or click the value.
To edit a non-scalar value:
Use the + button to add an element. Use the - button to delete an element.
To change the attribute’s scope:
Click the Global or Per System option.
To change the system for a local attribute:
Click the system from the menu.
5. Click OK.

Editing Attributes
▼ To edit an attribute from Command Center

Commands>Configuration>Attributes>Modify vcs_object Attributes.
2. Click the VCS object from the menu.
3. In the attribute table, click the icon in the Edit column of the attribute.
4. In the Edit Attribute dialog box, enter the changes to the attributes values.
To edit a scalar value:
Enter or click the value.
To edit a non-scalar value:
Use the + button to add an element. Use the - button to delete an element.
To change the attribute’s scope:
Click the Global or Per System option.
To change the system for a local attribute:
Click the system from the menu.
5. Click OK.
Querying the Cluster Configuration

1. From Cluster Explorer, click Query on the Tools menu.
or
On the Cluster Explorer toolbar, click Query.
2. Enter the details of the query:
a. Click the VCS object to search.
b. Depending on the selected object, click the specific entity to search.
c. Click the appropriate phrase or symbol between the search item and value.
d. Click the appropriate value for the specified query. Certain queries allow the user
to enter specific filter information:
Click System, click Online Group Count, click <, and type the required value in
the blank field.
or
Click Resource, click [provide attribute name] and type in the name of an
attribute, click = or contains, and type the appropriate value of the attribute in the
blank field. For example, click Resource, click [provide attribute name] and type
in pathname, click contains, and type c:\temp in the blank field.
e. To use additional queries, click + as many times as necessary to select the

appropriate options. Click - to reduce the number of queries.
f. Click AND or OR for each filter selection.
g. Click Search. The results appear in tabular format at the bottom of the dialog box.
To search a new item, click Reset to reset the dialog box to its original blank state.

Setting up VCS Event Notification Using Notifier Wizard

1. From Cluster Explorer, click Notifier Wizard on the Tools menu.
or
On the Cluster Explorer toolbar, click Launch Notifier Resource Configuration
Wizard.
2. Click Next.
3. In the Service Group Configuration for Notifier dialog box:
a. Enter the name of the resource. For example, "ntfr".
b. Click the target systems in the Available Systems box.
c. Click the right arrow to move the systems to the Systems for Service Group table.
To remove a system from the table, click the system and click the left arrow. The
priority number (starting with 0) is assigned to indicate the order of systems on
which the service group will start in case of a failover. If necessary, double-click
the entry in the Priority column to enter a new value.
Note This setp assumes that you need to create both the ClusterService group and the
Notifier resource. If the ClusterService group exists but the Notifier resource is
configured under another group, you can modify the attributes of the existing
Notifier resource and system list for that group. If the ClusterService group is
configured but the Notifier resource is not configured, the Notifier resource will be
created and added to the ClusterService group.
4. Click Next.
5. Choose the mode of notification which needs to be configured. Select the check boxes
to configure SNMP and/or SMTP (if applicable).
6. In the SNMP Configuration dialog box (if applicable):
a. Click + to create the appropriate number of fields for the SNMP consoles and
severity levels. Click - to remove a field.
b. Enter the console and click the severity level from the menu. For example,
"snmpserv" and "Information".
c. Enter the SNMP trap port. For example, "162" is the default value.
7. In the SMTP Configuration dialog box (if applicable):
a. Enter the name of the SMTP server.
b. Click + to create the appropriate number of fields for recipients of the notification
and severity levels. Click - to remove a field.
c. Enter the recipient and click the severity level in the drop-down list box. For
example, "admin@yourcompany.com" and "Warning".

8. Click Next.
9. In the NIC Resource Configuration dialog box:
a. Click Configure NIC Resource (as recommended by VERITAS). Otherwise,

proceed to step 10.
b. If necessary, enter the name of the resource.
c. Click the icon (...) in the Discover column of the table to find the MACAddress for
each system.
d. Click OK on the Discover dialog box.
10. Click Next.
11. Click the Bring the Notifier Resource Online checkbox, if desired.
12. Click Next.
13. Click Finish.
Administering Logs
Administering Logs
The Java Console enables you to customize the log display of messages generated by the
engine. In the Logs dialog box, you can set filter criteria to search and view messages, and
monitor and resolve alert messages.
To browse the logs for detailed views of each log message, double-click the event’s
description. Use the arrows in the VCS Log details pop-up window to navigate backward
and forward through the message list.
Customizing the Log Display

From the Logs dialog box, use the Edit Filters feature to customize the display of log
messages.
▼ To customize the log display for VCS Logs
1. In the VCS Logs tab, click Edit Filters.

Administering Logs
2. Enter the filter criteria:
a. Click the types of logs to appear on the message display.
b. From the Logs of list, select the category of log messages to display.
c. From the Named menu, select the name of the selected object or component. To
view all the messages for the selected category, click All.
d. In the Logs from last field, enter the numerical value and select the time unit.
e. To search log messages, enter the search string. Select the Whole String check
box, if required.
f. Click OK.
Administering Logs
▼ To customize the log display for Agent Logs
1. In the Agent Logs tab, enter the filter criteria:
a. Click the name of the system.
b. Enter the number of logs to view.
c. Click the resource type.
d. Click the name of the resource. To view messages for all resources, click All.
e. Click Get Logs.
Resetting the Log Display

Use the Reset Filters feature to set the default settings for the log view. For example, if
you customized the log view to only show critical and error messages using the Edit
Filters feature, the Reset Filters feature will set the view to show all log messages.
▼ To reset the default settings for the log display

In the VCS Logs tab, click Reset Filters.

Administering Logs
Monitoring Alerts
The Java Console sends automatic alerts that require administrative action and are
displayed on the Alerts tab of the Logs dialog box. Use this tab to take action on the alert
or delete the alert.
▼ To take action on an alert
1. In the Alert tab or dialog box, click the alert to take action on.
2. Click Take Action.
3. Enter the required information to resolve the alert.

If the alert warns that a local group cannot fail over to any system in the local cluster,
the user cannot take action.
If the alert warns that a global group cannot fail over, the action involves bringing the
group online on another system in the global cluster environment.
If the alert warns that a global cluster is faulted, the action involves declaring the
cluster as a disaster, disconnect, or outage, and determining the service groups to fail
over to another cluster.
4. Click OK.
Administering Logs
▼ To delete an alert
1. In the Alert tab or dialog box, click the alert to delete.
2. Click Delete Alert.
3. Provide the details for this operation:
a. Enter the reason for deleting the alert.
b. Click OK.

Administering VCS Simulator

VCS Simulator enables you to view state transitions, experiment with configuration
parameters, and predict how service groups will behave during cluster or system faults.
Use this tool to create and save configurations in an OFFLINE state.
Through the Java Console, VCS Simulator enables you to configure a simulated cluster
panel, bring a system in an unknown state into an online state, simulate power loss for
running systems, simulate resource faults, and save the configuration while VCS is offline.
For global clusters, you can simulate the process of generating and clearing cluster faults.
You can run multiple simulated clusters on a system by using different port numbers for
each cluster. The Java Console provides the same views and features that are available for
online configurations
See “Predicting VCS Behavior Using VCS Simulator” on page 539 for more information.

Administering the Cluster from
Cluster Manager (Web Console) 8
Cluster Manager (Web Console) offers web-based administration capabilities for your
cluster. Use the Web Console to monitor clusters and cluster objects, including service
groups, systems, resources, and resource types. Many of the operations supported by the
Web Console are also supported by the command line interface and Cluster Manager
(Java Console).
The Web Console uses a Web Server component called VRTSweb. See the appendix
“Administering VERITAS Web Server” on page 653 for more information about
VRTSweb.
Disability Compliance
Cluster Manager (Web Console) for VCS provides disabled individuals access to and use
of information and data that is comparable to the access and use provided to non-disabled
individuals, including:
◆ Alternate keyboard sequences for specific operations (see matrix in appendix
“Accessibility and VCS”).
◆ High-contrast display settings.
◆ Support of third-party accessibility tools.
◆ Text-only display of frequently viewed windows.
211
Before Using the Web Console

✔ By default, the Web Console requires three exclusive ports: 8181, 8443 and 14300.
Verify that no other applications are bound to these ports. If this is not possible,
review “Configuring Ports for VRTSweb” on page 656.
✔ You can configure the Web Console in the cluster or outside of the cluster. See “Setting
up the Web Console: Inside or Outside the Cluster” on page 213.
✔ Review the ClusterService service group configuration to verify that the group is
online. For more information, see “Configuring the Web Console Manually” on
page 213.
✔ Install the Internet Explorer (5.0, 5.5, or 6.0) or Netscape (6.2 or 7.0) browser on the
system from which you will monitor and administer the cluster. The console requires
the Java plug-in enabled on the client browser. If the Java plug-in is not already
enabled on Netscape, you must download the plug-in from Netscape and configure it
according to the instructions on the site.
✔ On Solaris systems, verify the Web Console is running on Solaris 2.7 or higher
systems.
✔ To run the Web Console from a .Net client, change the IE security level for the zone to
Medium-Low.
✔ Verify that cookies are enabled for the browser.

Setting up the Web Console: Inside or Outside the Cluster

VCS enables you to set up the Web Console within a clustered environment or on a
standalone server.
◆ If you configure the Web Console while installing VCS, the console is installed on all
systems in the cluster. The console is configured under the ClusterService group; this
group can fail over to another system in the cluster, making the console highly
available. VCS controls the starting and stopping of the Web Console.
◆ If you do not configure the Web Console while installing VCS, you can install it on a
standalone server by manually installing the VRTSweb, VRTSjre, and VRTSvcsw
packages. After installing the packages, use the /opt/VRTSweb/bin/startApp
vcs command to start the console and the /opt/VRTSweb/bin/stopApp vcs
command to stop the console.
This setup outside the cluster does not provide high availability for the console. You
must have administrative privileges on the system to start and stop the Web Console.
Configuring the Web Console Manually

The resources required for Cluster Manager (Web Console) are configured in the
ClusterService group. You must create and configure the ClusterService service group
manually if you did not enable the Cluster Manager (Web Console) option while installing
VCS.
▼ To configure the Web Console
1. Create a service group called ClusterService.
2. Add a resource of type NIC to the service group. Name the resource csgnic. Set the
value of the Device attribute to the name of the NIC. Configure other attributes, if
desired.
3. Add a resource of type IP to the service group. Name the resource webip. Configure
the following attributes for the resource:
◆ Address: A virtual IP address to be assigned to VCS Cluster Manager (Web
Console.) The GUI is accessed using this IP address.
◆ Device: The name the public network card on the system from which the Web
GUI will run. Device is defined as a local attribute for each system in the cluster.
◆ NetMask: The subnet to which the virtual IP address belongs.
◆ Critical: Set this attribute to True to make webip a critical resource.
Chapter 8, Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Web Console) 213
4. Add a resource of type VRTSWebApp to the service group. Name the resource
VCSweb. Configure the following attributes for the resource:
◆ Appname: Set to vcs.
◆ InstallDir: Set to /opt/VRTSweb/VERITAS.
◆ TimeForOnline: Set to 5.
◆ Critical: Set to False.
5. Create the following dependencies in the service group:

◆ Link the VCSweb and webip resources, making VCSweb the parent resource.
◆ Link the webip and csgnic resources, making webip the parent resource.
6. Enable all resources in the service group.
7. Bring the ClusterService service group online. You can now access the GUI from
http://IP_alias:8181/vcs, where IP_alias is the virtual IP address configured in the
service group.
Sample Configuration
group ClusterService (
SystemList = { vcslnx5, vcslnx6 }
AutoStartList = { vcslnx5, vcslnx6 }
OnlineRetryLimit = 3
)
IP webip (
Address = "162.39.9.85"
NetMask = "255.255.255.0"
Device = "eth0"
)
NIC csgnic (
Device = "eth0"
NetworkHosts = {"162.39.1.1", "162.39.144.156"}
)
VRTSWebApp VCSweb (
AppName = "vcs"
InstallDir = "/opt/VRTSweb/VERITAS"
TimeForOnline = 5
Critical = 0
)
VCSweb requires webip

VCSweb requires csgnic
Java Plug-in Requirements for the Console

The console requires the Java Plug-in enabled on the client browser (Internet Explorer or
Netscape).
▼ To confirm the Java Plug-in is enabled on IE
1. From the Tools menu on IE, click Internet Options.
2. In the Advanced tab, verify the JIT compiler for virtual machine enabled check box
is selected under Microsoft VM.
VERITAS recommends using Microsoft VM on IE. If the IE 6.0 browser does not provide a
Microsoft VM option on the Advanced tab, you must download the Java Plug-in from
http://java.sun.com/products/plugin/index-1.4.html. You can install any version prior
to 1.4.2 on the client. VERITAS recommends using version 1.4.1_x.
If the IE 5.5 or 6.0 browser stops responding or “hangs” after logging on to a cluster
through the Web Console, verify the type of Java Plug-in used by the browser on the
Advanced tab described above.
▼ To disable a Java (Sun) Plug-in on IE
1. Clear the Use Java 2 v1.4.2_x for <applet> check box under Java (Sun) on the
Advanced tab.
2. Select the JIT compiler for virtual machine enabled check box under Microsoft VM
and click OK. If Microsoft VM is not an available option, check that the system is
running only one Java Runtime Environment. If multiple JREs are installed on the
client, uninstall the earlier versions and keep the latest version. VERITAS
recommends using JRE 1.4.1.
If the Java Plug-in is not enabled on Netscape 6.2. or 7.0, you must download the
Plug-in from the Netscape Web site (http://wp.netscape.com/plugins/jvm.html) and
configure it according to the instructions on the site. Use any Java Plug-in prior to
version 1.4.2_x.

Connecting to the Web Console

The method of accessing the Web Console depends on the location of the console. You
must use a valid VCS user name and password to log on to a cluster.
◆ If the console is set up inside the cluster, use the following URL to access the console:
http://virtual_IP:8181/vcs/index.html
The variable virtual_IP is the virtual IP address configured for the webip resource in
the ClusterService service group, and the number 8181 is the default VERITAS Web
port.
◆ If the console is set up outside the cluster, use the following URL to access the console:
http://system_alias:8181/vcs/index.html
The variable system_alias is either the name or IP address of the system on which the
console is configured, and the number 8181 is the default VERITAS Web port.
Note Certain cluster operations are enabled or restricted depending on the privileges
with which you log on to VCS. For information about the specific privileges
associated with VCS users, see the appendix “VCS User Privileges—Administration
Matrices” on page 595.
Adding and Removing a Cluster in the Management Host Page

Use the Management Host page to specify the clusters you want to view from console. See
“Management Host Page” on page 224 for more information.
▼ To add a new cluster to the Management Host page
1. Access the console at the appropriate URL.
2. From the Home portal page, click VCS Console.
3. From the Management Host page, click Add Cluster.
4. Enter the information for the host system and port number:
a. Enter the name of the system or the IP address.
b. If necessary, change the default port number of 14141.
c. Click OK.
5. Enter the information for the user:
a. Enter the user name and the password.
b. Click OK.

▼ To remove a cluster from the Management Host page
1. Click Remove next to the cluster name
2. In the Remove Cluster dialog box:
a. Enter the user name and the password.
b. Click OK.
Logging In to and Out of the Web Console

You must have a valid user name and password to use the console.
▼ To log in to the console
1. Click the appropriate cluster name listed on the Management Host page.
2. Enter the VCS user name and password.
3. Click Login.
▼ To log out of a cluster
1. Click Logout in the top right corner of any view if you are viewing a particular cluster.
or
Click Logout next to the cluster name on the Management Host page.
2. Clear the Save Configuration check box if you do not want to save the latest
configuration.
3. Click Yes.
▼ To log out of all clusters
1. Click Logout All in the top right corner of the Management Host page.
2. Clear the Save Configuration check box if you do not want to save the latest
configurations for all clusters you are logged on to through the Web Console.
3. Click Yes.
Using Help
The Web Console provides context-sensitive online help in a separate browser for the
various views in the console. Use the Contents, Index, and Search features in the help
system to locate the information you need.
▼ To access online help

Click Help in the top right corner of any view.
To avoid launching extraneous browser windows, do not close the online help until the
content is fully loaded into the help browser.

Web Console Layout
Web Console Layout

The Web Console provides a tri-pane view of cluster configurations:
◆ Use the links in the left pane to initiate operations, view certain pages in the console,
or connect to the VERITAS Software Technical Services Web Site.
◆ Use the links, buttons, and breadcrumb trail along the top portion of the console to
access specific pages and online help, create a customized view of the console using
myVCS, and search the console using Cluster Query.
◆ Use the information displayed in the content pane to monitor the status of the cluster
configuration. The content pane provides additional icons, links, and buttons to
access specific information.

Navigating the Web Console
Navigating the Web Console

The Web Console provides easy access to a cluster and its components through various
methods of navigation. Use links, trails, or buttons to access a particular page or dialog
box.
Using Information Links

The Web Console links some of its information to additional pages in the console. For
example, the Systems page displays information about online, faulted, and partial service
groups on each system. These group names link to their respective pages. Links are
provided throughout the tri-pane layout of the console.
Using Navigation Trails

The Web Console follows a top down navigation approach. The top left corner of each
content pane page displays a “breadcrumb trail” indicating the page’s position in the
navigation hierarchy. The components of the trail are links to ascendant pages in the
hierarchy. For example, if you are on a Resource page, the navigation trail shows
Home -> Cluster -> Service Groups -> Service Group -> Resource.
◆ Click Home to view the cluster host name and logon status.
◆ Click the cluster name to view general information about the cluster.
◆ Click Service Groups to view information about service groups.
◆ Click the service group name to view information about the particular service group.
Using Navigation Buttons

The top pane of the console provides buttons that link to other pages in the console. For
example, click Systems to view the Systems page.
Reviewing Web Console Views

A Cluster Manager (Web Console) “view” is an HTML page that displays information
about the cluster or its objects. For example, the System page displays detailed
information about a system in the cluster.
Management Host Page

The Web Console Management Host page appears after you access the console at the
appropriate URL. Use this page to configure the list of clusters that you want to log in to
and view through the Web Console. You can view the host name, port number, cluster
platform, and VCS version number for each cluster you are currently logged on to.
Note Review the Java Plug-in requirements for the browser to ensure you can view the
console properly after logging in to a cluster.
▼ To view this page

Log on to the console.
or
After logging on to the cluster, click Home in the top right corner of any page.

Cluster Summary Page

The Cluster Summary page appears after you log on to the Web Console and connect to a
cluster.
View from VCS
View from Global Cluster Option
From the left pane of the console:

◆ Click the Configuration links to modify the VCS configuration using the Open
Configuration and Save Configuration links, and to add and delete service groups.
◆ Click the Related links to manage users, set console preferences, and view resource
types.
◆ For global clusters, click the Global Clusters links to add and delete clusters, create
global service groups, and view heartbeat information.
From the top pane of the console:

◆ Click the links in the top right corner to access the Management Host page, create a
customized view of the console using myVCS, search the console using Query, log off
of the console, and launch online help.
◆ Click the buttons along the top of the content pane to access the Cluster Summary
page, Groups page, Systems page, and Logs page.
From the right content pane:

◆ View the online and offline status of service groups, the running and faulted status of
systems, notification of pending alerts, and recent log messages. Click the icon in the
Service Groups box to display additional information on all service groups. Click the
icon in the Systems box to display additional information on all systems. Click the
icon in the Recent Critical/Error Messages box, to display the ten most recent log
messages.
◆ Click the All Attributes link to display cluster attributes and their current values.
◆ Click the Alert notification that appears when the cluster has pending alert messages
that may require administrative action; some alerts are specific to global clusters.
◆ For global clusters, use the Remote Clusters box to view the name, status, and IP
address of each remote cluster.

Select a cluster on the Management Host page.
or
After logging on to a cluster, click the Cluster Summary button along the top of the
content pane.

VCS Users Page

The Users page displays the configured cluster users and their privileges.
◆ Use the VCS Users table to change passwords and privileges, and delete users.
◆ Use the links in the left pane to add users, change passwords, open and save the
configuration, and access information on resource types.

After logging on to a cluster, click User Management in the left pane of any page.
Preferences Page
The Preferences page enables you to select the appropriate refresh mode to refresh the
data automatically or manually, or to disable the update notification. The refresh mode
icon in the top left corner of most views alters its appearance according to the mode
selected; you can also click the icon to change the modes.
The Web Console supports the following refresh modes:

◆ Notify Only. Informs you of the need to manually refresh the page. When an update
takes place, the Refresh icon appears in place of the Update icon. Click the icon to
refresh the page.
◆ Auto Update. Automatically updates the page when the data displayed is no longer
current.
◆ Disabled. Disables update notification. Click the browser’s Refresh button to refresh
the page and retrieve current information.
The Update icon next to the Refresh Mode icon indicates the need to refresh the page
when the information displayed is no longer current. The color of the Update icon
indicates the state of the information on the page.
◆ A green icon indicates that the information on the page is current.
◆ A blinking orange icon indicates that the information on the page is outdated and
must be refreshed.
◆ A blue icon indicates the Web Console is connecting to the server.
◆ A red icon indicates the Web Console is disconnected from the server.
◆ A gray icon indicates update notification is disabled.

From the Cluster Summary page, click Preferences in the left pane.

myVCS Page
The myVCS page enables you to view consolidated information on specific service
groups, resources, systems, and logs without viewing the entire cluster. This page is
particularly useful in large configurations where searching for specific information can be
difficult and time-consuming. Using the myVCS wizard, you can select the contents and
define the format of the HTML page to create a personalized view of the cluster.

After logging on to a cluster, click myVCS in the top right corner of any page.
Service Groups Page

The Service Groups page summarizes the online, offline, partial, or faulted state of service
groups in the cluster. Use this page to view the disabled, autodisabled, or frozen status of
service groups.
View from VCS
◆ Click a service group name in the left table column for details about the group. Use
the links in the left pane to add and delete service groups, and open and save the
cluster configuration. You can also access information on group dependencies, user
privileges, and resource types.
◆ For global clusters, use the Global Groups Wizard link to configure a global service
group.

After logging on to a cluster, click Groups along the top of the content pane.

Group Dependency Page

The Group Dependency page displays dependencies between service groups in tabular
format. The table outlines the relationship and dependency between parent and child
groups. See “Categories of Service Group Dependencies” on page 387 for more
information about group dependencies.
From the left pane of the page, use the Configuration links to add and delete service
groups. Use the Related links to monitor users and resource types. For global clusters, you
can access the Global Groups Wizard from this pane.

From the Service Groups page, click Group Dependency in the left pane.
Systems Page
The Systems page displays the status of systems in the cluster and lists the online, faulted,
and partial service groups on the systems. The value of the UpDownState attribute is
displayed in brackets when the system is UP BUT NOT IN CLUSTER MEMBERSHIP.
◆ Click a service group or system name link for details about the group or system.
◆ Use the links in the left pane to access information on system heartbeats, user
privileges, and resource types.

After logging on to a cluster, click Systems along the top of the content pane.

Resource Types Page

The Resource Types page displays resource types can be configured in your cluster.
◆ Click the name of a resource type for details about the type.
◆ Use the active link in the left pane to manage user information.

After logging on to a cluster, click Resource Types in the left pane of any view.
All Attributes Page

The All Attributes page lists the attributes associated with the cluster and its components.
Each attribute includes a value; for example, the value of a service group’s SystemList
attribute specifies the systems on which the group is configured, and the priority of each
system within the group.
◆ Click Show Details for information on the scope and dimension of each attribute.
Click Hide Details to return to the default view.
◆ Use the links in the left pane to manage users and resource types.
This page enables you to edit some attributes. Refer to the appendix “VCS Attributes”
on page 613 for descriptions of VCS attributes.

Click All Attributes in the top right corner of the attributes table on a Service Group,
System, Resource Type, or Resource page.
or
Click All Attributes on the Cluster Summary page.

Logs Page
The Logs page displays log messages generated by the VCS engine HAD. An Alert
notification appears when the cluster has pending alert messages that may require
administrative action for faulted global clusters and failed service group failover
attempts.
By default, each log view displays 10 messages that include the log type, ID, time, and
details of an event. The icon in the first column of the table indicates the severity level of
the message.
◆ Click Hide IDs and Show IDs to alter the view of the message ID numbers.
◆ Use the log type and search filters to customize this page.
◆ Use the links in the left pane to monitor alerts, users, and resource types.
Note To ensure the time stamp for an engine log message is accurate, make sure to set the
time zone of the system running the Web Console to the same time zone of the
system running the VCS engine.

After logging on to a cluster, click Logs along the top of the content pane.
Alerts Page
The Web Console sends automatic alerts that require administrative action and are
displayed on the Alerts page. Use this page to monitor alerts, take action on a cluster
fault, or delete the alert.
◆ If the alert warns that a local group cannot fail over to any system in the local cluster,
the user cannot take action.
◆ If the alert warns that a global group cannot fail over, the action involves bringing the
group online on another system in the global cluster environment. (Note: This
requires the Global Cluster Option.)
◆ If the alert warns that a global cluster is faulted, the action involves declaring the
cluster as a disaster, disconnect, or outage, and determining the service groups to fail
over to another cluster. Use the Alerts page to complete this operation. (Note: This
requires the Global Cluster Option.)

From the Logs page, click Alerts in the left pane.
or
From a Cluster Summary page that displays a warning about pending alerts, click the
Alerts link.

Service Group Page

The Service Group page displays information about the status, attributes, member
systems, configured resources, and log messages of a specific group. A service group is a
self-contained set of resources that VCS manages as a single unit. During a failover
process, VCS fails over the entire service group rather than individual resources.
View from VCS

◆ Click a resource name to access details on that resource. Use the Graph and Text links
above the resource list to view the dependencies between the resources in the service
group.
◆ Click a system name to access details on that system. For the entire selection of
attributes associated with the service group, click All Attributes above the Important
Attributes table.
◆ For users running the VERITAS Cluster Server Traffic Director Web Console, click
Traffic Director in the top right corner of the content pane to access that console.
◆ Use the links in the left pane to execute group operations, add and delete resources,
open and save configurations, and manage users, resource types, and group
dependencies.
◆ For global clusters, use the Global Groups Wizard link to configure a global service
group.

Click the name of a service group from the Service Groups page.

System Page
The System page displays the system state and major attributes of a specific system. Use
this page to review the status of service groups configured on the system and relevant log
messages.
◆ Click a service group name to access details on that group. For the entire selection of
attributes associated with the system, click All Attributes.
◆ Use the links in the left pane to freeze and unfreeze systems, and to manage users and
resource types.

Click the name of a system from the Systems page.
System Heartbeats Page

The System Heartbeats page displays the name and state of a system, and status of the
link and disk heartbeats.
Use the links in the left pane to manage users and resource types.

From the Systems page, click System Heartbeats in the left pane.

Resource Type Page

The Resource Type page displays the specified resource type and its major attributes.
◆ For the entire selection of attributes associated with the resource type, click All
Attributes.
◆ Use the Configuration links in the left pane to open and save the cluster
configuration.
◆ Use the Related Links to manage users and resource types.

Click the name of the resource type from the Resource Types page.
Resource Page
The Resource page displays information about the status of a resource on the cluster and
on a specified system. Use this page to view attributes, including overridden attributes,
and log messages for a resource. A resource is a hardware or software component. VCS
controls resources by starting (bringing them online), stopping (taking them offline), and
monitoring the state of the resources.
◆ Click a system name to access details about that system.

◆ For the entire selection of attributes associated with the resource, click All Attributes
above the Important Attributes table.
◆ Use the Operations links in the left pane to execute resource operations.
◆ Use the Configuration links in the left pane to open and save configurations, and link
and disconnect resources.
◆ Use the Related links in the left pane to monitor users, resource types, and resource
dependencies.

Click the name of a resource from the Service Group page.

Resource Dependency Page

The Resource Dependency page displays dependencies between resources within a
service group. These dependencies specify the order in which resources are brought
online and taken offline. The Web Console offers both a graph-based view and a
text-based view of this page.
Resource Dependency Graph

The Resource Dependency graph displays the resource dependencies within a service
group.
◆ To view a resource dependency graph and status for a particular system, click the
system name in the Systems list.
◆ To access a resource page, click the appropriate resource icon in the dependency
graph.
◆ Use the links in the left pane to view the dependencies between resources in tabular
format, and to manage users and resource types.

From the Service Group page, click the Graph dependency link above the Resource List.
or
From the Service Group page, Resource page, or Resource Dependency (Text) view, click
Dependency (Graph) in the left pane.
Resource Dependency Text

The Resource Dependency text displays dependencies between resources in tabular
format. The table outlines the parent and child resources in a specific service group.
◆ To access a resource page, click the appropriate resource name in the dependency
table.
◆ Use the links in the left pane to view the dependencies between resources in graphical
format, and to manage users and resource types.

From the Service Group page, click the Text dependency link above the Resource List.
or
From the Service Group page, Resource page, or Resource Dependency (Graph) page,
click Dependency (Text) in the left pane.

Cluster Heartbeats Page

Note This page requires the VCS Global Cluster Option.
The Web Console enables you to view information on heartbeats for global clusters. You
can view a heartbeat after adding a remote cluster to the heartbeat cluster list.
The heartbeat summary displays the heartbeat type (Icmp and IcmpS), heartbeat state
with respect to the local cluster, and status of the Icmp or IcmpS agents. ICMP heartbeats
send ICMP packets simultaneously to all IP addresses; ICMPS heartbeats send individual
ICMP packets to IP addresses in serial order.
◆ Use the Global Clusters links in the left pane to add, delete, and modify global
heartbeats.
◆ Use the Related Links to manage users and resource types.

From the Cluster Summary page, click Cluster Heartbeats in the left pane.
Administering Users
Administering Users
The Web Console enables a user with Cluster Administrator privileges to add, modify,
and delete user profiles. Administrator and Operator privileges are separated into the
cluster and group levels.
Adding a User
1. From the VCS Users page, click Add User in the left pane.
2. Enter the details for the new user:
a. Enter the user name.
b. Enter the password and confirm it.Select the check box next to the appropriate
privilege.
c. If you select Group Administrator or Group Operator, specify the group

associated with the privilege.
From the active Available Groups box, select the applicable group, and click the
right arrow key to move it to the Selected Groups box. Repeat this for every
group that applies to the specified privilege.
d. Click OK.

Administering Users
Deleting a User
1. From the VCS Users page, select the X check box in the Delete User column.
2. Click Yes.
Changing a Password
▼ To change a password
1. From the VCS Users page, click Change Password in the left pane.
or
From the VCS Users page, select the Edit (...) icon in the Change Password column.
2. Enter the details for the password:
a. Enter the existing password.
b. Enter the new password.
c. Reenter the new password.
d. Click OK.
Administering Users
Modifying a Privilege
1. From the VCS Users page, select the ... check box in the Modify Privileges column.
2. Specify the privilege:
a. Select the check box next to the appropriate privileges. If you select Group
Administrator or Group Operator, proceed to step 2b. Otherwise, proceed to step
2c.
b. From the active Available Groups box, select the applicable group, and click the
right arrow key to move it to the Selected Groups box. Repeat this for every
group that applies to the specified privilege.
c. Click OK.

Administering Cluster Configurations
Administering Cluster Configurations

The Web Console enables you to modify the parameters of the VCS configuration. After
opening the configuration, you can save it to disk.
Opening the Configuration

Modify a read-only configuration file to a read-write file by opening the configuration
from most pages in the Web Console.
▼ To open a configuration
1. On a page (such as the Cluster Summary page) that includes Configuration links in
the left pane, click Open Configuration.
2. Click OK.
Saving the Configuration

After updating the VCS configuration, use the Cluster Summary page to save your latest
configuration to disk.
▼ To save the configuration
1. On a page (such as the Cluster Summary page) that includes Configuration links in
the left pane, click Save Configuration.
2. Select the check box to prevent any write operations to the configuration file.
3. Click OK.

The Web Console enables you to add and configure a service group according to the
requirements of the resources. Use the Service Group page to bring service groups online
and take them offline, as well as delete, switch, freeze, unfreeze, flush, enable, disable, and
autoenable service groups. You can also enable and disable all resources in a service
group, and clear a faulted group.
Adding a Service Group

1. From the Cluster Summary page or the Service Groups page, click Add Service
Group in the left pane.
2. In the Add Service Group dialog box:
a. Enter the group name.
b. Select the Add Membership check box next to the systems that you want to add
to the service group’s system list.
c. Click the Startup check box if you want the service group to start automatically
on the system.
d. Enter the priority number (starting with 0) to indicate the order of systems on
which the service group will start in case of a failover.

e. Click Next to add resources to the service group and proceed to step 3.
or
Click Finish to add the service group but configure resources at a later time.
3. Select the method of configuring the service group:
Click Manually define resources to manually add resources and attributes to the
service group configuration. Proceed to step 4.
or
Click Use templates to load templates for service group configurations. Proceed to
step 5.
4. If you manually define resources and attributes:
a. Enter the resource name.
b. Select the resource type.
c. If necessary, clear the Critical or Enabled check boxes; these options are selected
by default. A critical resource indicates the service group is faulted when the
resource, or any resource it depends on, faults. An enabled resource indicates
agents monitor the resource. If a resource is created dynamically while VCS is
running, you must enable the resource before VCS monitors it. VCS will not bring
a disabled resource nor its children online, even if the children are enabled.
d. Click the edit icon (...) to edit an attribute for the selected resource type. After
editing the attribute, click Save in the Edit Attribute dialog box to return to the
Add Resource dialog box.
e. Click New Resource to save the resource to the resource list in the left pane of the
dialog box. Make changes to the attributes of the other resources in the group by
clicking the resource name in the resource list.
f. Click Finish.

5. If you configure the service group using a template:
a. Select the appropriate service group template.
b. Click Next.
6. Review the attributes for the resources in the group:
a. If necessary, clear the Critical or Enabled check boxes; these options are selected
by default. A critical resource indicates the service group is faulted when the
resource, or any resource it depends on, faults. An enabled resource indicates
agents monitor the resource. If a resource is created dynamically while VCS is
running, you must enable the resource before VCS monitors it. VCS will not bring
a disabled resource nor its children online, even if the children are enabled.
b. Click the edit icon (...) to edit an attribute for the selected resource type. After
Resource List dialog box.
c. If necessary, view and change the attributes for the other resources in the group
by clicking the resource name in the left pane of the dialog box.
d. Click Finish.

Deleting a Service Group

1. From the Cluster Summary page or Service Groups page, click Delete Service Group
in the left pane.
2. In the Delete Service Group dialog box:
a. Select the group to remove it from the cluster.
b. Click OK.

1. From the Service Group page, click Online in the left pane.
2. In the Online Group dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to bring the service group online, or click Anywhere.
b. To run a PreOnline script, select the Run preonline script check box. This
user-defined script checks for external conditions before bringing a group online.
c. Click OK.

1. From the Service Group page, click Offline in the left pane.
2. In the Offline Group dialog box:
a. For parallel groups, select the system on which to take the service group offline,
or click All Systems.
b. Click OK.

▼ To switch a service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Switch in the left pane.
2. In the Switch Group dialog box:
a. Select the system to switch the service group to.
b. Click OK.
Freezing a Service Group

Freeze a service group to prevent it from failing over to another system. This freezing
procedure stops all online and offline operations on the service group.
▼ To freeze a service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Freeze in the left pane.
2. In the Freeze Group dialog box:
a. If necessary, choose Persistent to enable the service group to retain its frozen state
when the cluster is rebooted.
b. Click OK.

Unfreezing a Service Group

Unfreeze a frozen service group to perform online or offline operations on the service
group.
▼ To unfreeze a service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Unfreeze in the left pane.
2. In the Unfreeze Group dialog box, click OK.
Flushing a Service Group

As a service group is brought online or taken offline, the resources within the group are
brought online and taken offline. If the online or offline operation hangs on a particular
resource, flush the service group to halt the operation on the resources waiting to go
online or offline. Flushing a service group resets the internal engine variables to their
default values and typically leaves the cluster in a partial state. After completing this
process, resolve the issue with the particular resource (if necessary) and proceed with
starting or stopping the service group.
▼ To flush a service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Flush in the left pane.
2. In the Flush Group dialog box:
a. Click the system on which to flush the service group.
b. Click OK.
Enabling a Service Group

Enable a service group to bring a disabled service group online. A service group that was
manually disabled during a maintenance procedure on a system may need to be brought
online after the procedure is completed.
▼ To enable a service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Enable in the left pane.
2. In the Enable Group dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to enable the service group. To enable the service
group on all systems, click All Systems.
b. Click OK.
Disabling a Service Group

Disable a service group to prevent it from coming online. This disabling process is useful
to temporarily stop VCS from monitoring a service group on a system undergoing
maintenance operations.
▼ To disable a service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Disable in the left pane.
2. In the Disable Group dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to disable the service group. To disable the service
group on all systems, click All Systems.
b. Click OK.

Autoenabling a Service Group

A service group is autodisabled until VCS probes all resources and checks that they are
ready to bring online. Autoenable a service group in situations where the VCS engine is
not running on one of the systems in the cluster and you need to override the disabled
state of the service group to be able to enable it on another system in the cluster.
▼ To autoenable a service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Autoenable in the left pane.
2. In the Autoenable Group dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to enable the service group.
b. Click OK.
Linking Service Groups

1. From the Service Group page, click Link Service Group in the left pane.
2. Enter the details of the dependency:
a. Select the service group that will serve as the “child” group.
b. Select the dependency category. See “Categories of Service Group Dependencies”

on page 387 for information on service group dependencies.
In a Soft dependency, VCS imposes minimal constraints while bringing the
parent and child groups online and offline. In a Firm dependency, VCS takes the
child offline before taking the parent offline when the child faults. In a Hard
dependency, VCS takes the parent offline before taking the child offline when the
child faults. Hard dependencies are designed for use with VVR in disaster
recovery configurations where the application is in the parent group and the
replication resources are in the child group.
c. Select the relationship type and location. See “Categories of Service Group
Dependencies” on page 387 for information on service group dependencies.
In an Online group dependency, the parent group must wait for the child group
to be brought online before it can start. In an Offline group dependency, the
parent group can be started only if the child group is offline on the system, and
vice versa.

In a Local dependency, an instance of the parent group depends on an instance of

the child group being online or offline on the same system, depending on the
category of group dependency. In a Global dependency, an instance of the parent
group depends on one or more instances of the child group being online on any
system. In a Remote dependency, an instance of the parent group depends on one
or more instances of the child group being online on any system other than the
system on which the parent is online.
d. Click OK.
Unlinking Service Groups

1. From the Service Group page, click Unlink Service Group in the left pane.
2. In the Unlink Service Group dialog box:
a. Select the name of the service group to disconnect from the dependency.
b. Click OK.
Managing Systems for a Service Group

Use the Web console to add and remove systems on a service group’s system list.
▼ To modify the SystemList for a service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Modify SystemList in the left pane.
2. In the Modify SystemList dialog box:
a. Select the systems that will host the service group.
b. Select the Startup check box if you want the service group to automatically start
on the system.
c. Assign a priority number (starting with 0) to indicate the order of systems on

which the service group will start in case of a failover.
d. Click OK.
Clearing a Faulted Service Group

Clear a service group to remove the resource faults within the group. This operation
makes the group available to be brought online. A resource fault in a group may occur in
several situations, such as a power failure or faulty configuration.
▼ To clear a faulted service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Clear Fault in the left pane.
2. In the Clear Faulted Group dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to clear the service group. To clear the group on all
systems, click All Systems.
b. Click OK.

The Web Console enables you to perform several operations through the Resource page.
Use this page to bring resources online and take them offline, take parent and child
resources offline, clear or probe resources, refresh the ResourceInfo attribute, invoke the
action entry point, enable and disable individual resources, and create and remove
resource dependencies.
Links for enabling and disabling all resources in a group, and adding and deleting them,
are available from the Service Group page.

1. From the Resource page, click Online in the left pane.
2. In the Online Resource dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to bring the resource online.
b. Click OK.

1. From the Resource page, click Offline in the left pane.
2. In the Offline Resource dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to take the resource offline.
b. Click OK.
Taking a Resource Offline and Propagating the Command

This command signals that resources dependent on the parent resource should also be
taken offline. Use the Offline Propagate feature to propagate the offline state of a parent
resource. This link is disabled if any of the following conditions exist:
✔ The user does not have administrator or operator privileges.
✔ The resource does not depend on any other resource.
✔ An online resource depends on this resource.
✔ The resource is not online.
▼ To take a parent resource and all of its child resources offline
1. From the Resource page, click Offline Propagate in the left pane.
2. In the Offline Propagate Resource dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to take the resource and all of its child resources
offline.
b. Click OK.


values. When a static attribute is overridden and the configuration is saved, the main.cf
file includes a line in the resource definition for the static attribute and its overridden
value.
▼ To override a resource type’s static attribute
1. From the Resource page, click Override Attribute in the left pane.
2. Select the attribute to override.
3. Click OK.
The selected attributes appear in the Overridden Attributes table.
4. To modify the default value of an overridden attribute, click the icon in the Edit
column of the attribute.
1. From the Resource page, click Remove Attribute Overrides in the left pane.
2. Select the overridden attribute to be restored to their default settings.
3. Click OK.
Clearing a Faulted Resource

Clear a resource to remove a fault and make the resource available to go online. A
resource fault can occur in several situations, such as a power failure or a faulty
configuration.
▼ To clear a faulted resource
1. From the Resource page, click Clear Fault in the left pane.
2. In the Clear Resource dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to clear the resource. To clear the resource on all
systems, click All Systems.
b. Click OK.
Probing a Resource
Probe a resource to check that it is configured and ready to bring online.
1. From the Resource page, click Probe in the left pane.
2. In the Probe Resource dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to probe the resource.
b. Click OK.

Enabling a Resource
Enable a resource in a service group to bring a disabled resource online. A resource may
have been manually disabled to temporarily stop VCS from monitoring the resource.
▼ To enable a resource
1. From the Resource page, click Enable in the left pane.
2. In the Enable Resource dialog box, click OK.
Disabling a Resource
Disable a resource in a service group to prevent it from coming online. This disabling
process is useful when you want VCS to temporarily “ignore” a resource (rather than
delete it) while the service group is still online.
▼ To disable a resource
1. From the Resource page, click Disable in the left pane.
2. In the Disable Resource dialog box, click OK.
Enabling All Resources in a Service Group

Enable resources in a service group to bring disabled resources online. Resources may
have been manually disabled to temporarily stop VCS from monitoring the resource.
The EnableResources feature is not available if any of the following conditions exist:
✔ The user does not have the privileges to perform this operation.
✔ The service group does not have any resources.
✔ All resources in the group are already enabled.
▼ To enable all resources in a service group:
1. From the Service Group page, click Enable Resources in the left pane.
2. In the Enable All Resources dialog box, click OK.

Disabling All Resources in a Service Group

Disable resources in a service group to prevent them from coming online. This disabling
process is useful when you want VCS to temporarily “ignore” resources (rather than
delete them) while the service group is still online.
The DisableResources feature is not available if any of the following conditions exist:
✔ The user does not have the privileges to perform this operation.
✔ The service group does not have any resources.
✔ All resources in the group are already disabled.
▼ To disable all resources in a service group
1. From the Service Group page, click Disable Resources in the left pane.
2. In the Disable All Resources dialog box, click OK.
Adding a Resource to a Service Group

1. From the Service Group page, click Add Resource in the left pane.
2. In the Add Resource dialog box:
a. Enter the resource name.
b. Select the resource type.
c. If necessary, clear the Critical or Enabled check boxes; these options are selected
by default.
resource. If a resource is created dynamically while VCS is running, you must
enable the resource before VCS monitors it. VCS will not bring a disabled resource
nor its children online, even if the children are enabled.
d. Click the edit icon (...) to edit an attribute for the selected resource type. After
Add Resource dialog box.
e. Click OK.

Deleting a Resource in a Service Group

Delete a resource from the Service Group page or the Resource page.
▼ From the Service Group page
1. Click Delete Resource in the left pane.
2. In the Delete Resource dialog box:
a. Select the resource you want to delete from the group.
b. Click OK.
▼ From the Resource page

Click Delete this Resource in the left pane.
Linking Resources
Link resources from the Resource Dependency page or the Resource page.
▼ From the Resource Dependency page
1. Click Link Resource in the left pane.
2. In the Link Resource dialog box:
a. Select the "parent" resource.
b. Select the "child" resource.
c. Click OK.
1. Click Link Resource in the left pane.
2. In the Link Resource dialog box:
a. Select the "child" resource.
b. Click OK.

Unlinking Resources
Unlink resources from the Resource Dependency page or the Resource page.
▼ From the Resource Dependency page
1. Click Unlink Resource in the left pane.
2. In the Unlink Resource dialog box:
a. Select the “parent” resource.
b. Select the “child” resource.
c. Click OK.
1. Click Unlink Resource in the left pane.
2. In the Unlink Resource dialog box:
a. Select the resource to unlink from the “parent” resource.
b. Click OK.
Invoking a Resource Action

Use the Invoke Action link to initiate a predefined “action” script, such as splitting and
joining disk groups.
▼ To invoke a resource action
1. From the Resource page, click Invoke Action.
2. In the Invoke Action dialog box:
a. Select the predefined action to execute. Some examples of preset actions are
displayed on the menu above.
b. Select the system on which to execute the action.
c. Enter an action argument and click Add. Click the Delete icon (x) to delete the
argument.
d. Click OK.

Refreshing the ResourceInfo Attribute

Refresh the ResourceInfo attribute to view the latest values for that attribute. Some
examples of this operation include viewing the current amount of space available on the
file system for a mount resource, or viewing the latest RVG link status for a replication
resource.
▼ To refresh the ResourceInfo attribute
1. From the Resource page, click Refresh ResourceInfo in the left pane.
2. In the Refresh ResourceInfo dialog box:.
a. Select the system on which to refresh the attribute value.
b. Click OK.
3. From the Resource page, click All Attributes above the Important Attributes table to
view the latest information on the ResourceInfo attribute.
Clearing the ResourceInfo Attribute

Clear the ResourceInfo attribute to reset all the parameters in this attribute to their default
value.
▼ To clear the ResourceInfo attribute
1. From the Resource page, click Clear ResourceInfo in the left pane.
2. In the Clear ResourceInfo dialog box:
a. Select the system on which to reset the parameters of the ResourceInfo attribute.
b. Click OK.
3. From the Resource page, click All Attributes above the Important Attributes table to
verify the information on the ResourceInfo attribute.
The Web Console enables you to freeze and unfreeze systems. From the System page,
freeze a system to stop all online and offline operations on the system.
Freezing a System
Freeze a system to prevent its components from failing over to another system. Use this
procedure during a system upgrade.
▼ To freeze a system
1. From the System page, click Freeze in the left pane.
2. In the Freeze System dialog box:
a. If necessary, choose Persistent to enable the system to retain its frozen state when
the cluster is rebooted.
b. Select the Evacuate check box to fail over the system’s active service groups to
another system in the cluster before the freezing operation takes place.
c. Click OK.

Unfreezing a System
Unfreeze a frozen system to perform online or offline operations on the system.
▼ To unfreeze a system
1. From the System page, click Unfreeze in the left pane.
2. In the Unfreeze System dialog box, Click OK.
Editing Attributes
Editing Attributes
The Web Console enables you to edit attributes of certain cluster objects, including service
groups, systems, resources, and resource types. Make sure the configuration is open (in
read/write mode) before editing attributes. By default, the console displays key
attributes. To view the entire list of attributes associated with a cluster object, click All
Attributes.
Changes to certain attributes, such as a webip attribute, may involve taking the service
group offline, modifying the configuration file, and bringing the group online. (VERITAS
recommends using the command line to edit attributes that are specific to the Web
Console.)
Note VERITAS does not recommend editing the value of the UserStrGlobal attribute for
the ClusterService group. The VCS Web Console uses this attribute for
cross-product navigation.
▼ To edit an attribute
1. Navigate to the page containing the attributes you want to edit. For example, to edit
system attributes, go to the System page.
2. In the Important Attributes table, click the edit icon (...) for the attribute.
or
Click All Attributes above the Important Attributes table, and click the edit icon (...)
for the attribute you want to modify.
or
Click All Attributes on the Cluster Summary page, and click the edit icon (...) for the
attribute you want to modify.
3. Enter the new value for the attribute:
a. For a scalar value, enter the value.

For an association value, enter the key and the associated value. Click add after
entering each key-value pair.
For a keylist or a vector, enter value. Click Add after entering each value.
b. Click OK


Use Cluster Query to run SQL-like queries from the Web Console. This feature enables
you to query service groups, systems, resources, and resource types. Some queries can be
customized, including searching for the system’s online group count and specific resource
attributes.
▼ To query a configuration using Cluster Query
1. After logging on to a cluster, click Query in the top right corner of any view.
2. In the Cluster Query dialog box:
a. Select the cluster object to be queried.
b. Click the appropriate filters from the menus to query the object. Certain queries
allow the user to enter specific information.
c. If necessary, click + to add a subquery. Click “and” or “or” for each subquery. To
remove the last subquery, click –.
d. Click Search. Results are displayed in tabular format, including the date and time
the query was run.
e. If necessary, click Reset to clear all entries
Customizing the Web Console with myVCS

Use the myVCS wizard to customize a view of the cluster configuration. After the myVCS
page is created, use the Configure myVCS wizard to modify the page.
Creating myVCS
1. After logging into a cluster, click myVCS in the top right corner of any page.
2. In the Welcome screen, click Next.
3. In the Select layout for myVCS dialog box:
a. Select the appropriate template.
b. Click Next.
4. In the Select groups for myVCS dialog box:
a. Select the appropriate service groups to appear in the view.
b. Click Next.
5. In the Select systems for myVCS dialog box:
a. Select the appropriate systems to appear in the view.
b. Click Next.

6. Before finalizing the myVCS page:
a. Select the check box to make the “myVCS” view the default page in the Web
Console instead of the Cluster Summary page.
b. Click Next.
7. Click Close Window. The customized myVCS view is displayed in the console.
Modifying myVCS
From the myVCS page, click Modify myVCS and follow the instructions in “Creating
myVCS” on page 280.

The Web Console enables you to customize the log display of messages generated by the
VCS engine, HAD. In the Logs page, you can set filter criteria to search and view
messages.
▼ To view logs with a specific string
1. Enter the string in the search field.
2. Click Search.
▼ To reset the default view of all messages

Click Clear Search.
▼ To change the number of logs displayed on a page

Select the appropriate number from the Logs per Page menu.
▼ To view logs of a specific type
1. From the left pane, select the check box next to each log type that you want to view on
the page.
2. Enter the amount of time (hours, days, or months) that you want the logs to span.
3. Click Apply.
▼ To set the default filter settings for the log view

From the left pane, click Reset.
The Reset feature does not reset default settings for user preferences. This applies to the
number of log messages viewed per page.

Monitoring Alerts
Monitoring Alerts
Alerts are generated when a local group cannot fail over to any system in the local cluster,
a global group cannot fail over, or a cluster fault takes place. A current alert will also
appear as a pop-up window when you log on to a cluster through the console.
▼ To declare a cluster as a disaster, disconnect, or outage
1. From the Alerts page, click Declare Cluster.
2. Enter the required information to resolve the alert:
a. Select the cluster to declare.
b. Select or change the cluster declaration as disaster, disconnect, or outage.
c. Click No if you do not want to switch all the global groups from the selected
cluster to the local cluster.
d. Click OK.
Monitoring Alerts
▼ To delete an alert
1. From the Alerts page, click the X icon in the Delete column of the Alerts table.
2. Provide the details for this operation:
a. Enter the reason for deleting the alert.
b. Click OK.

Integrating the Web Console with VERITAS Traffic Director

VCS enables the integration of VERITAS Cluster Server Web Console and VERITAS Traffic
Director™ Web Console using the Service Group page.
The following conditions must exist to enable this integration:

✔ Cluster Manger (Web Console) and Traffic Director Web Console are configured on
the same server.
✔ Both Web Consoles serve on the same port.
✔ When a domain in the Traffic Director environment is configured as a service group in
the VCS configuration, the Tag attribute of the service group is set to “TD.”
If a domain in the Traffic Director environment is configured as a service group in the VCS
configuration, click Traffic Director on the specific Service Group page to navigate to the
corresponding configuration page in the Traffic Director Web Console.

Using VCS Configuration Wizards 9
VCS provides the following configuration wizards to create specific service groups:
◆ Application Configuration Wizard
Creates and modifies Application service groups, which provide high availability for
applications in a VCS cluster. For more information, see “Configuring Application
Service Groups Using the Wizard” on page 288.
◆ NFS Configuration Wizard
Creates and modifies NFS service groups, which provide high availability for
fileshares in a VCS cluster. For more information, see “Configuring NFS Service
Groups Using the Wizard” on page 297.
◆ Apache Configuration Wizard
Creates and modifies Apache service groups, which provide high availability for the
Apache Web server in a VCS cluster. For more information, see “Configuring Apache
Service Groups Using the Wizard” on page 303
This chapter describes these wizards and provides instructions on how to use the wizards
to create and modify service groups.
287
Configuring Application Service Groups Using the Wizard

The Application wizard creates and modifies Application service groups. Before running
the wizard, review the resource types and the attribute descriptions of the Application,
Mount, NIC, and IP agents in the VERITAS Cluster Server Bundled Agents Reference Guide.
Prerequisites
✔ Make sure that the applications are not configured in any other service group.
✔ Verify the directories on which the applications depend reside on shared disks and are
mounted.
✔ Verify the mount points on which the applications depend are not configured in any
other service group.
✔ Verify the virtual IP addresses on which applications depend are up. Verify the IP
addresses are not configured in other service groups.
✔ Make sure the executable files required to start, stop, monitor, and clean (optional) the
application reside on all nodes participating in the service group:
◆ StartProgram: The executable, created locally on each node, that starts the
application.
◆ StopProgram: The executable, created locally on each node, that stops the
application.
◆ CleanProgram: The executable, created locally on each node, that forcibly stops
the application.
◆ You can monitor the application in the following ways:
◆ Specify the program that will monitor the application.
◆ Specify a list of processes to be monitored and cleaned.
◆ Specify a list of pid files that contain the process ID of the processes to be
monitored and cleaned. These files are application-generated files. Each PID
file contains one PID which will be monitored.
◆ All or some of the above.

Running the Application Wizard

1. Start the Application wizard from a node in the cluster:
# hawizard application
2. Read the information on the Welcome screen and click Next.
3. In the Wizard Options dialog box, select to create a new service group or modify an
existing group.
If you chose to modify an existing service group, select the service group.
In the Modify Application Service Group mode, you can add, modify, or delete
applications in the service group. If the service group is offline, you can also modify
the Mount, IP and NIC resources.
Click Next.
4. In the Service Group Configuration dialog box, specify the service group name and
the system list.
a. Enter a name for the service group.
b. In the Available Cluster Systems box, select the systems on which to configure
the service group and click the right-arrow icon to move the systems to the service
group’s system list. Note that the agent must be configured on the local system.
To remove a system from the service group’s system list, select the system in the
Systems in Priority Order box and click the button with the left-arrow icon.
Chapter 9, Using VCS Configuration Wizards 289

c. To change a system’s priority in the service group’s system list, select the system
in the Systems in Priority Order box and click the buttons with the up and down
arrow icons. The system at the top of the list has the highest priority while the
system at the bottom of the list has the lowest priority.
d. Click Next.
5. In the Application Options dialog box, select to create or modify applications.
To create an application:
a. Choose the Create Application option.
b. Enter the name of the application.
c. Click Next.
To modify an application:
a. Choose the Modify Application option.
b. Select the application.
c. To delete the application, click Delete Application. To modify the application,

click Next.
Note Choose the Configure Application Dependency option only after you have
finished with adding, modifying, or deleting applications.

6. In the Application Details dialog box, specify information about the executables used
to start, stop, and clean the application.
a. Specify the locations of the Start, Stop, and Clean (optional) programs along with
their parameters. You must specify values for the Start and Stop programs.
b. Select the user in whose context the programs will run. Click Discover Users if
some users were added after starting the wizard.
c. Click Next.

7. In the Monitor Options dialog box, specify information about how the application will
be monitored.
Specify at least one of the MonitorProgram, Pid Files, or MonitorProcesses attributes. You can
specify some or all of these.
a. Specify the complete path of the monitor program with parameters, if any. You
can browse to locate files.
b. Click the corresponding (+) or (-) buttons to add or remove Pid files or monitor
processes.
c. Click the corresponding button to modify a selected file or process.
d. Click Next.

8. In the Mount Configuration dialog box, configure the Mount resources for the
applications.
a. Select the check boxes next to the mount points to be configured in the
Application service group. Click Discover Mounts to discover mounts created
after the wizard was started
Note that the wizard discovers all Mount points that existed when you started the
wizard. For example, if you delete a Mount point after starting the wizard and
click Discover Mounts, the wizard displays the deleted Mount points on the page.
b. Specify the Mount and Fsck options, if applicable. The agent uses these options
when bringing the resource online.
c. If using the vxfs file system, select the SnapUmount check box to take the
MountPoint snapshot offline when the resource is taken offline.
d. Select the Create mount points on all systems if they do not exist check box, if
desired.
e. Click Next.

9. In the Network Configuration dialog box, configure the IP and NIC resources for the
application.
a. Select the Does application require virtual IP? check box, if required.
b. From the Virtual IP Address list, select the virtual IP for the service group. Click
Discover IP to discover IP addresses configured after wizard was started.
Note that the wizard discovers all IP addresses that existed when you started the
wizard. For example, if you delete an IP address after starting the wizard and
click Discover IP, the wizard displays the deleted IP addresses in the Virtual IP
Address list.
c. For each system, specify the associated ethernet. Click Discover NIC, if required.
d. Click Next.
10. In the Completing the Application Configuration dialog box, select the Configure
more applications check box to configure more applications in the service group.
Click Next.
Note If you choose to configure more applications, the wizard displays the Application
Options dialog box. See step 5 on page 290 for instructions on how to configure
applications. If you do not choose to configure more applications, the wizard
displays the Application Dependency dialog box.

11. The Application Dependency dialog box is displayed if you chose to configure
application dependencies.
a. From the Select Application list, select the application to be the parent.
b. From the Available Applications box, click on the application to be the child.
Note Make sure that there is no circular dependency between the applications.
c. Click the button with the right-arrow icon to move the selected application to the
Child Applications box. To remove an application dependency, select the
application in the Child Applications box and click the button with the left-arrow
icon.
d. Click Next.

12. In the Service Group Summary dialog box, review your configuration and change
resource names, if desired.
The left pane lists the configured resources. Click on a resource to view its attributes
and their configured values in the Attributes box.
To edit a resource name, select the resource name and click on it. Press Enter after
editing each name. Note that when modifying service groups, you can change names
of newly created resources only, which appear in black.
Click Next. The wizard starts running commands to create (or modify) the service
group.
13. In the Completing the Application Configuration Wizard dialog box, select the Bring
the service group online check box to bring the group online on the local system.
Click Close.

Configuring NFS Service Groups Using the Wizard

The NFS Configuration wizard creates an NFS service group, which provides high
availability for fileshares. Before running the wizard, review the resource type and the
attribute descriptions of the NFS, Share, Mount, NIC, and IP agents in the VERITAS
Cluster Server Bundled Agents Reference Guide.
The wizard supports configuring multiple share paths with a single virtual IP address.
Prerequisites
✔ Verify the paths to be shared are exported.
✔ Verify the paths to be shared are mounted and are not configured in any other service
group.
✔ Verify the virtual IP to be configured is up and is not configured in any other service
group.
✔ To configure lock recovery, make sure the path where the NFS server stores lock
information (/var/lib/nfs) is on a shared disk and the path is mounted.
Running the NFS Configuration Wizard

1. Start the wizard from the node on which the NFS server is running and:
# hawizard nfs
2. Read the information on the Welcome page and click Next.
3. In the Wizard Options dialog box, select to create a new NFS service group or modify
an existing group.
The wizard supports only one NFS service group in the configuration. If you have an
NFS service group in your configuration, the wizard disables the Create NFS Service
Group option and enables the Modify NFS Service Group option.
If you choose to modify a service group, you can add and remove shares from the
service group. If the service group is offline, you can also modify the IP and NIC
resources.
Click Next.

the system list.
d. Click Next.

5. Configure lock recovery, if desired.
The shared disk path where the NFS server stores lock information (/var/lib/nfs)
must be mounted. If you configured the NFS server after starting the wizard, click
Discover NFS.
a. To configure lock recovery, select Yes from the Lock Recovery list.
b. Select a value for the Grace Period. The GracePeriod attribute defines number of
seconds the NFS server waits for its clients to reclaim their locks.
c. Click Next.
6. In the Share Paths dialog box, select the shares to be configured in the service group
and click Next.
The wizard displays the shared paths whose mount points do not appear in the file
/etc/fstab. If the path to be configured does not appear in the list, make sure the
path is shared and click Discover Shares.

7. In the Mount Configuration dialog box, configure Mount resources for the shares.
a. Specify the Mount and Fsck options, if applicable. The agent uses these options
b. If using the vxfs file system, select the SnapUmount check box to take the
c. Select the Create mount points on all systems if they do not exist check box, if
desired.
d. Click Next.

shares.
a. From Virtual IP Address list, select the virtual IP for a mount.

If the virtual IP address for a share does not appear in the list, click Discover IP to
discover virtual IPs.
Note that the wizard discovers all IP addresses that existed when you started the
wizard. For example, if you delete an IP address after starting the wizard and
click Discover IP, the wizard displays the deleted IP addresses in the Virtual IP
Address list.
b. For each system, specify the associated ethernet.

If the ethernet card for a system does not appear in the list, click Discover NIC.
c. Click Next.

group.
10. In the Completing the NFS Configuration Wizard dialog box, select the Bring the
service group online check box to bring the service group online on the local system.
Click Close.

Configuring Apache Service Groups Using the Wizard

The Apache Configuration wizard creates an Apache service group, which provides high
availability for web servers running the Apache software. Before running the wizard,
review the resource type and the attribute descriptions of the Apache, Mount, NIC, and IP
agents in the VERITAS Cluster Server Bundled Agents Reference Guide.
The wizard supports multiple Apache servers running on one virtual IP address.
Prerequisites
✔ Make sure the Apache servers to be added to the configuration are running and are
bound to the virtual IP address.
✔ Verify the virtual IP to be configured is up and is not configured in any other service
group.
✔ Make sure the DocumentRoot for the Apache server resides on a shared disk, which is
not configured in another service group.
✔ Change the directory structure for ServerRoot as instructed in the next section.
Changing the httpd Directory Structure

Released versions of httpd are available at http://www.apache.org. A typical installation
of Apache Web Server creates the following directories:
◆ /usr/local/apache
◆ /usr/local/apache/bin (location of the httpd binary)
◆ /usr/local/apache/conf (location of the httpd configuration file)
◆ /usr/local/apache/logs (location of the log files and pid file created when httpd
is started)
The Apache Web Server agent assumes /usr/local/apache as the default value for
ServerRoot. However, you must change the value of ServerRoot because httpd installed
with Red Hat distributions creates a different directory structure:
◆ /usr/sbin/httpd
◆ /etc/httpd/conf
◆ /etc/httpd/logs
In this situation, create a directory structure (similar to the one for typical Apache
installations) where the bin, conf, and logs directories are created under ServerRoot
(/etc/httpd).

▼ To change the directory structure for httpd installed with Red Hat distributions
1. Create a bin directory under /etc:

# mkdir /etc/httpd/bin
2. Copy the httpd binary to the new directory:

# cp /usr/sbin/httpd /etc/httpd/bin
3. Change the configuration files (main.cf and vcsApacheTypes.cf) to reflect the

following value for ServerRoot:
ServerRoot = /etc/httpd
Running the Apache Configuration Wizard

1. Start the wizard from the node on which the Apache server is running:
# hawizard apache
2. Read the information on the Welcome page and click Next.
3. In the Wizard Options dialog box, select to create a new service group or modify an
existing group.
If you choose to modify a service group, you can add and remove Apache servers
from the service group. If the service group is offline, you can also modify the IP and
NIC resources.
Click Next.

the system list.
d. Click Next.

5. In the Apache Configuration dialog box, select the servers to be configured in the
service group and click Next.
a. Select the check box next to the Apache server to be configured in the service
group.
b. To enable detail monitoring, select the virtual IP address and port number to be
used for detailed monitoring and select the Detail Monitor check box for the
Apache server.
Note that all Apache servers must listen to one virtual IP and the virtual IP
address must not be configured in another service group.
c. Click Next.

service group.
a. Verify the virtual IP address and the associated subnet mask.
b. For each system, specify the associated ethernet. If the ethernet card for a system
does not appear in the list, click Discover NIC.
c. Click Next.
7. In the Mount Configuration dialog box, configure Mount resources for the service
group.
a. Specify the Mount and Fsck options, if applicable. The agent uses these options
b. If using the vxfs file system, select the SnapUmount check box to take the

c. Select the Create mount points on all systems if they do not exist check box, if
desired.
d. Click Next.
group.
9. In the Completing the Apache Configuration Wizard dialog box, select the Bring the
service group online check box to bring the service group online on the local system.
Click Finish.

Section III. VCS Operations
This section provides information on inter-node and intra-node VCS communication. It
describes how VCS maintains node memberships and uses I/O fencing to maintain data
integrity. The section also describes resource and system failures and the role of service
group dependencies and workload management.
Section III includes the following chapters:
◆ Chapter 10. “VCS Communications, Membership, and I/O Fencing” on page 311
◆ Chapter 11. “Controlling VCS Behavior” on page 341
◆ Chapter 12. “The Role of Service Group Dependencies” on page 385

VCS Communications, Membership,
and I/O Fencing 10
This chapter describes VCS communications and cluster membership. VCS uses local
communications on a node and node-to-node communications.
In a VCS cluster, each node runs as an independent operating system and shares
information at the cluster level. On each node, the VCS High Availability Daemon (HAD)
maintains a view of the current cluster configuration. The daemon (also called the cluster
engine) operates as a replicated state machine (RSM). The RSM design enables each node
to participate in the cluster without the need of a shared data storage device for cluster
configuration information.
Intra-Node Communication
Within a node, the VCS engine (HAD) uses a VCS-specific communication protocol
known as Inter Process Messaging (IPM) to communicate with the GUI, the command
line, and the agents. The following illustration shows basic communication on a single
VCS node. Note that agents only communicate with HAD and never communicate with
each other.
AGENT COMMAND-LINE
UTILITIES
AGENT GUI
VCS HIGH AVAILABILITY DAEMON (HAD)
311
Intra-Node Communication
The following illustration depicts communication from a single agent to HAD.
AGENT-SPECIFIC CODE
AGENT FRAMEWORK
Status Control
HAD
The agent uses the Agent framework, which is compiled into the agent itself. For each
resource type configured in a cluster, an agent runs on each cluster node. The agent
handles all resources of that type. The engine passes commands to the agent and the agent
returns the status of command execution. For example, an agent is commanded to bring a
resource online. The agent responds back with the success (or failure) of the operation.
Once the resource is online, the agent communicates with the engine only if this status
changes.

Inter-Node Communication
Inter-Node Communication
VCS uses the cluster interconnect for network communications between cluster nodes.
The nodes communicate using the capabilities provided by LLT and GAB.
The LLT module is designed to function as a high performance, low latency replacement
for the IP stack and is used for all cluster communications. LLT provides the
communications backbone for GAB. LLT distributes, or load balances inter-node
communication across up to eight interconnect links. When a link fails, traffic is redirected
to remaining links.
The Group Membership Services /Atomic Broadcast module is responsible for reliable
cluster communications. GAB provides guaranteed delivery of point-to-point and
broadcast messages to all nodes. The Atomic Broadcast functionality is used by HAD to
ensure that all systems within the cluster receive all configuration change messages, or are
rolled back to the previous state, much like a database atomic commit. If a failure occurs
while transmitting a broadcast message, GAB's atomicity ensures that, upon recovery, all
systems have the same information. The VCS engine uses a private IOCTL (provided by
GAB) to tell GAB that it is alive.
The following diagram illustrates the overall communications paths.
AGENT AGENT AGENT AGENT

User User
Space HAD HAD Space
Kernel Kernel
GAB GAB
Space Space
LLT LLT
Chapter 10, VCS Communications, Membership, and I/O Fencing 313

Cluster Membership
Cluster Membership
Cluster membership implies that the cluster must accurately determine which nodes are
active in the cluster at any given time. In order to take corrective action on node failure,
surviving nodes must agree on when a node has departed. This membership needs to be
accurate and must be coordinated among active members. This becomes critical
considering nodes can be added, rebooted, powered off, faulted, and so on. VCS uses its
cluster membership capability to dynamically track the overall cluster topology. Cluster
membership is maintained through the use of heartbeats.
LLT is responsible for sending and receiving heartbeat traffic over network links. Each
node sends heartbeat packets on all configured LLT interfaces. By using an LLT ARP
response, each node sends a single packet that tells all other nodes it is alive, as well as the
communications information necessary for other nodes to send unicast messages back to
the broadcaster.
LLT can be configured to designate specific links as high priority and others as low
priority. High priority links are used for cluster communications (GAB) as well as
heartbeat. Low priority links only carry heartbeat unless there is a failure of all configured
high priority links. At this time, LLT switches cluster communications to the first available
low priority link. Traffic reverts to high priority links as soon as they are available.
AGENT AGENT AGENT AGENT AGENT AGENT AGENT AGENT
HAD HAD HAD HAD
GAB GAB GAB GAB
LLT LLT LLT LLT
Broadcast heartbeat Each LLT module tracks LLT forwards

on every interface heartbeat status from each heartbeat status of
every 0.5 second peer on each public interface each node to GAB
LLT passes the status of the heartbeat to the Group Membership Services function of GAB.
When LLT on a system no longer receives heartbeat messages from a peer on any
configured LLT interface for a predefined time, LLT informs of the heartbeat loss for that
system. GAB receives input on the status of heartbeat from all nodes and makes
membership determination based on this information. When LLT informs GAB of a
heartbeat loss, GAB marks the peer as DOWN and excludes the peer from the cluster. In
most configurations, the I/O fencing module is utilized to ensure there was not a partition

Cluster Membership
or split of the cluster interconnect. Once the new membership is determined, GAB informs
processes on the remaining nodes that the cluster membership has changed. VCS then
carries out failover actions to recover.
Understanding Split-brain and the Need for I/O Fencing

When VCS detects node failure, it attempts to take corrective action, which is determined
by the cluster configuration. If the failing node hosted a service group, and one of the
remaining nodes is designated in the group's SystemList, then VCS fails the service group
over and imports shared storage to another node in the cluster. If the mechanism used to
detect node failure breaks down, the symptoms appear identical to those of a failed node.
For example, in a four-node cluster, if a system fails, it stops sending heartbeat over the
private interconnect. The remaining nodes then take corrective action. If the cluster
interconnect fails, other nodes determine that their peer has departed and attempt to take
corrective action. This may result in data corruption because both nodes attempt to take
control of data storage in an uncoordinated manner.
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4
✗
Node failure and loss of
cluster interconnect result in
no heartbeats being received
from node 4.
✗
This situation can also arise in other scenarios. If a system were so busy as to appear hung,
it would be declared dead. This can also happen if the hardware supports a break and
resume function. Dropping the system to prom (system controller) level with a break and a
subsequent resume means the system could be declared as dead and the cluster reformed.
The system could then return and start writing to the shared storage.

Cluster Membership
Preventing Split-brain
This section describes the strategies that could be used to prevent split-brain.
Coordinated Cluster Membership (Membership Arbitration)

When cluster nodes lose heartbeat from another node, the surviving nodes can:
◆ Assume the departed node is down; this presents data integrity risks.
◆ Take positive steps to ensure that the remaining nodes are the only surviving cluster
members. This is known as membership arbitration.
Membership arbitration ensures that on any change in cluster membership, the surviving
members determine if they are still allowed to remain running. In many designs, this is
implemented with a quorum architecture.
A cluster using the quorum architecture requires at least 51% of available nodes to be
alive. For example, in a 4 node cluster, if one node separates from the cluster due to an
interconnect fault, the separated node is not capable of surviving. When the node receives
notification that the cluster membership has changed, it determines that it is no longer in a
membership with at least 51% of configured systems, and shuts down by calling a kernel
panic.
Quorum is usually implemented with more than just systems in the quorum count. Using
disk devices as members lends greater design flexibility. During a cluster membership
change, remaining nodes attempt to gain exclusive control of any disk devices designated
as quorum disks.
Membership arbitration is designed to ensure departed members must really be down.
However, a membership arbitration scheme by itself is inadequate for complete data
protection.
◆ A node can hang, and on return to processing, perform a write before determining it
should not be a part of a running cluster.
◆ The same situation can exist if a node is dropped to the system controller/prom level
and subsequently resumed. Other systems assume the node has departed, and
perform a membership arbitration to ensure they have an exclusive cluster. When the
node comes back it may write before determining the cluster membership has
changed to exclude it.
In both cases, the concept of membership arbitration/quorum can leave a potential data
corruption hole open. If a node can write before determining it should no longer be in the
cluster, and panic, it would result in silent data corruption.
What is needed to augment any membership arbitration design is a complete data
protection mechanism to block access to disks from any node that is not part of the active
cluster.

Cluster Membership
Data Protection Mechanism

A data protection mechanism in a cluster is a method to block access to the disk for any
node that should not be currently accessing the storage. Typically this is implemented
with a SCSI reserve mechanism. In the past, many vendors implemented data protection
using the SCSI-II Reserve/Release mechanism.
SCSI-II reservations have several limitations in a cluster environment where storage
technology has evolved from SCSI-attached arrays to fiber channel SAN.
◆ SCSI-II reservations are designed to allow one active host to reserve a drive, thereby
blocking access from any other initiator. This design was adequate when simple JBOD
and early arrays had one path to disk, and were shared by two hosts. SCSI-II cannot
support multiple paths to disk from a host (such as VERITAS Dynamic Multi Pathing)
or more than one host being active at a time with a reservation in place.
◆ SCSI-II reservations can be cleared with a SCSI bus reset. Any device can reset the bus
and clear the reservation. It is the responsibility of the reserving host to reclaim the
reservation if it is cleared. Problems arise in more complicated environments, such as
SAN-attached environments where multiple systems could potentially reset a
reservation and open up a significant data corruption hole for a system to write data.

VCS I/O Fencing
VCS I/O Fencing

When communication between cluster nodes fails, ensuring data integrity involves
determining who remains in the cluster (membership) and blocking storage access from
any system that is not an acknowledged member of the cluster (fencing). VCS provides a
new capability called I/O fencing to meet this need.
VCS I/O Fencing Components
Coordinator Disks
VCS uses special-purpose disks, called coordinator disks, for I/O fencing during cluster
membership change. These are three standard disks or LUNs, which together act as a
global lock device during a cluster reconfiguration. VCS uses this lock mechanism to
determine which nodes remain in a cluster and which node gets to fence off data drives
from other nodes.
SAN Connection LLT Links
Coordinator Disks
Coordinator disks cannot be used for any other purpose in the VCS configuration. You
cannot store data on these disks or include the disks in a disk group used by user data.
Any disks that support SCSI-III Persistent Reservation can serve as coordinator disks.
VERITAS recommends the smallest possible LUNs for coordinator use.

VCS I/O Fencing
Fencing Module
Each system in the cluster runs a kernel module called vxfen, or the fencing module. This
module works to maintain tight control on cluster membership. It is responsible for the
following actions:
◆ Registering with the coordinator disks during normal operation.
◆ Racing for control of the coordinator disks during membership changes.
SCSI-III Persistent Reservations

VCS I/O fencing uses SCSI-III Persistent Reservation (SCSI-III PR), which is an
enhancement to the SCSI specification. SCSI-III PR resolves the issues of using SCSI
reservations in a modern clustered SAN environment. It supports multiple nodes
accessing a device and blocking access to other nodes. SCSI-III PR ensures persistent
reservations across SCSI bus resets. It also supports multiple paths from a host to a disk.
SCSI-III PR uses a concept of registration and reservation. Systems wishing to participate
register a key with a SCSI-III device. Multiple systems registering a key form a
membership. Registered systems can then establish a reservation, which is typically set to
Write Exclusive Registrants Only (WERO). This means that only registered systems can
write.
SCSI-III PR technology makes blocking write access as simple as removing a registration
from a device. If node A wishes to block node B, it removes node B’s registration by
issuing a "preempt and abort" command. Only registered members can “eject” the
registration of other members. Once a node is ejected, it cannot eject other nodes. This
makes the process of ejecting final and "atomic."
The SCSI-III PR specification simply describes the method to control access to disks with
the registration and reservation mechanism. The method to determine who can register
with a disk and when a registered member should eject another node is
implementation-specific.
Data Disks
Data disks are standard disk devices used for data storage. These can be physical disks or
RAID Logical Units (LUNs). These disks must support SCSI-III PR. Data disks are
incorporated in standard disk groups managed using VERITAS Volume Manager.
The VCS DiskGroup agent is responsible for fencing failover disk groups and Cluster
Volume Manager (CVM) handles any shared CVM disk groups.

VCS I/O Fencing
I/O Fencing Operational Concepts

I/O fencing performs two important functions in a VCS cluster: membership arbitration
and data protection.
Membership Arbitration
I/O fencing uses the fencing module and coordinator disks for membership control in a
VCS cluster. With fencing, when a membership change occurs, members of any surviving
cluster race for exclusive control of the coordinator disks to lock out any other potential
cluster. This ensures that only one cluster is allowed to survive a membership arbitration
in the event of an interconnect failure.
Let us take the example of a two-node cluster. If node 0 loses heartbeat from node 1, node
1 attempts to gain exclusive control of the coordinator disks. Node 0 makes no
assumptions that node 1 is down, and races to gain control of the coordinator disks. Each
node attempts to eject the opposite cluster from membership on the coordinator disks.
The node that ejects the opposite member and gains control over a majority of the
coordinator disks wins the race. The other node loses and must shut down.
The following illustration depicts the sequence in which these operations take place.
AGENT AGENT
HAD 2. HAD sends IOCTL

1. GAB delivers to fencing module
membership to
clients. I/O FENCE
3. Fencing module
responds when
GAB I/O fence completes
LLT
First, on node 0, LLT times out the heartbeat from node 1 (16 seconds by default), GAB is
informed of a heartbeat failure. GAB then determines that a membership change is
occurring. After the “GAB Stable Timeout” (5 seconds), GAB delivers the membership
change to all registered clients. In this case, HAD and I/O fence.
HAD receives the membership change and requests the fencing module to arbitrate in
case of a split-brain scenario and waits for the race to complete.
The registration function of SCSI-III PR handles races. During normal startup, every
cluster member registers a unique key with the coordinator disks. To win a race for the
coordinator disks, a node has to eject the registration key of the node in question from a
majority of the coordinator disks.

VCS I/O Fencing
If the I/O fencing module gains control of the coordinator disks, it informs HAD of
success. If the fencing module is unsuccessful, the node panics and reboots.
Data Protection
Simple membership arbitration does not guarantee data protection. If a node is hung or
suspended and comes back to life, it could cause data corruption before GAB and the
fencing module determine the node was supposed to be dead. VCS takes care of this
situation by providing full SCSI-III PR based data protection at the data disk level.
Failover Disk Groups

With fencing activated, the VCS DiskGroup agent imports shared storage using SCSI-III
registration, and a WERO reservation. This means only the registered node can write.
When taking over a disk group in a failover, the existing registration is ejected and the
storage is imported.
Cluster Volume Manager Disk Groups

Shared disk groups managed using Cluster Volume Manager (CVM) are fenced by CVM
during the import process. The CVM module on each node registers with data disks as
they are imported. After registering with data disks, the master node sets a reservation
on the disks in the WERO mode.
If a membership change occurs, the fencing module races to gain control over the
coordinator disks. If successful, it informs the CVM module of the membership change.
The CVM module then uses multiple kernel threads to eject departed members from all
shared data drives in parallel. Once this operation complete, the fencing module passes
the cluster reconfiguration information to higher software layers like the Cluster File
System.

VCS I/O Fencing
Membership Arbitration Operating Examples

This section describes membership arbitration scenarios in two-node and multi-node
clusters.
Two-Node Scenario: Node Failure

In this scenario, node 1 fails.
Node 0 races to gain control over a majority of the coordinator disks by ejecting the key
registered by node1 from each disk. The ejection takes place one by one, in the order of the
coordinator disk’s serial number.
✗
Node 0 Node 1
Coordinator Disks
When the I/O fencing module successfully completes the race for the coordinator disks,
HAD can carry out recovery actions with assurance the node is down.

VCS I/O Fencing
Two-Node Scenario: Split-brain Avoidance

In this scenario, the severed cluster interconnect poses a potential split-brain condition.
1. Interconnect failure causes both nodes to race
2A. Node 0 ejects key Node 0 Node 1 2B. Node 1 fails to

for disk 1 and eject key for disk 1.
✗
succeeds Rereads keys
3A. Node 0 ejects key 3B. Node 1 fails to

for disk 2 and eject key for disk 2.
succeeds Rereads keys
4A. Node 0 ejects key 4B. Node 1 fails to

for disk 3 and Coordinator Disks eject key for disk 2
succeeds
5A. Node 0 continues 5B. Node 1 panics

and performs recovery and reboots
Because the fencing module operates identically on each system, both nodes assume the
other is failed, but carry out fencing operations to verify the same.
The GAB module on each node determines the peer has failed due to loss of heartbeat and
passes the membership change to the fencing module.
Each side races to gain control of the coordinator disks. Only a registered node can eject
the registration of another node, so only one side successfully completes the
preempt/abort command on each disk.
The fence driver is designed to delay if it loses a race for any coordinator disk. Since node
0 wins the first race, unless another failure occurs, it also wins the next two races.
The side that successfully ejects the peer from a majority of the coordinator disks wins.
The fencing module on the winning side then passes the membership change up to VCS
and other higher level packages registered with the fencing module. VCS can then take
recovery actions. The losing side calls kernel panic and reboots.

VCS I/O Fencing
Multi-Node Scenario: Fencing with Majority Cluster

In clusters with more than two nodes, the member with the lowest LLT ID races on behalf
of other surviving members in its current membership.
Consider a four-node cluster, in which severed communications have separated node 3
from nodes 0, 1 and 2.
1. Node 3 cut off from the heartbeat network

2A. Node 0 races on 2B. Node 3 must
behalf of other nodes pause before race, as
it is now a minority
✗
cluster
3A. Node 0 wins and
broadcasts success to 3B. Node loses race
peers and panics
Coordinator Disks
1. Node 3 gets cut off from the heartbeat network.
2. Nodes 0 and 3 must race on behalf of members of their respective “sub-clusters.”

The fencing algorithm gives priority to the larger cluster, that is, the cluster
representing at least 51% of members of the previous stable membership. Nodes 0, 1,
and 2 represent the majority in this case. Node 0 is the lowest member (of 0, 1, and 2)
and begins the race before node 3 does.
Node 3 delays its race by reading all keys on the coordinator disks a number of times
before it can start racing for control.
3. Unless node 0 fails mid-race, it wins and gains control over the coordinator disks. The
three-node cluster remains running and node 3 shuts down.

VCS I/O Fencing
Multi-Node Scenario: Fencing with Equal Sub-Clusters

In this scenario, each side has half the nodes, that is, there are two minority clusters.
1. Cluster separates into two sub-clusters
2A. Node 0 pauses 2B. Node 2 pauses

before racing for before racing for
other nodes
✗
other nodes
3A. Node 0 wins and 3B. Node 2 loses

broadcasts success race and panics
to peers
4. Node 3 times out
and panics
Coordinator Disks
1. The interconnect failure leads to nodes 0 and 1 being separated from nodes 2 and 3.
The cluster splits into two sub-clusters of the same size.
2. Both clusters wait for the same amount of time and begin racing. In this situation,
either side can win control of the first coordinator disk. In this example, node 0 wins
the first disk. Node 2 then delays by rereading the coordinator disks after losing the
first race. Consequently, node 0 gains control over all three coordinator disks.
3. After winning the race, node 0 broadcast its success to its peers. On the losing side,
node 2 panics because it has lost the race. The remaining members of the losing side
time out waiting for a success message and panic.

VCS I/O Fencing
Multi-Node Scenario: Complete-Split Cluster

In this scenario, a cluster is split into multiple one-node clusters due to interconnect
failure or improper interconnect design.
1. Cluster separates into four sub-clusters

2. Node 0 pauses
before racing
3A. Node 0 wins first

disk ✗ ✗ ✗ 3B. Other nodes lose
first race and pause
before next race
4A. Node 0 wins all 4B. Other nodes panic

disks on losing race
Coordinator Disks
1. All nodes lose heartbeats to all other nodes. Each LLT declares heartbeat loss to GAB,
and all GAB modules declare a membership change.
2. Each node is the lowest member of its own sub-cluster; each node races to acquire
control over the coordinator disks.
3. Node 0 acquires control over the first disk. Other nodes lose the race for the first disk
and reread the coordinator disks to pause before participating in the next race.
4. Node 0 acquires control over all three coordinator disks. Other nodes lose the race and
panic.
Note In the example, node 0 wins the race, and all other nodes panic. If no node gets a
majority of the coordinator disks, all nodes panic.

VCS I/O Fencing
I/O Fencing Startup

The startup sequence of I/O fencing is designed to prevent pre-existing network
problems from affecting cluster membership. The startup sequence ensures that all
members can access the coordinator disks and determine if a node should be allowed to
join a cluster.
The startup sequence algorithm is as follows:
1. Determine which disks are to be used as coordinator disks.
a. Read the file /etc/vxfendg to determine the name of the VERITAS Volume
Manager disk group containing the coordinator disks. See the VCS Installation
Guide for information on creating the coordinator disk group.
b. Use Volume Manager tools to determine the disks in the disk group and the paths
available to these disks.
c. Populate the file /etc/vxfentab with this information.
2. Start the fencing driver.
a. The fencing driver first reads the serial numbers of the coordinator disks from the
file /etc/vxfentab and builds an in-memory list of these drives.
b. The driver then determines if it is the first node to start fencing. If other members
are up and operating on GAB port B, it asks for a configuration snapshot from a
running member. This is done to verify members in the cluster see the same
coordinator disks. Otherwise, the fencing driver enters an error state.
3. Determine if a network partition exists.
a. Determine if any node has registered keys on the coordinator disks.
b. If any keys are present, verify the corresponding member can be seen in the
current GAB membership. If the member cannot be seen, the fencing driver
assumes the node starting up has been fenced out of the cluster due to a network
partition. The fencing driver prints a warning to the console and the system log
about a pre-existing network partition and does not start.
c. If the owners of the coordinator disks can be seen, or if no keys are seen on disk,
the fencing driver proceeds.
4. Register keys with each coordinator disk in sequence.

VCS I/O Fencing
I/O Fencing Scenario: Preexisting Network Partition

The fencing module prevents a node from starting up after network partition and the
subsequent panic and reboot. Another scenario that could cause similar symptoms would
be a two-node cluster with one node shut down for maintenance. During the outage, the
private interconnect cables are disconnected.
1. Network Node 0 Node 1 2. Node 1 panics and
✗
interconnect severed. reboots
Node 0 wins
coordinator race
3B. Node 1 boots up.
Finds keys registered
3A. Node 0 has key for a non-member.
registered on all Prints error message
coordinator disks. and exits
Coordinator Disks
The following steps describe this scenario:
1. Node 0 wins a coordinator race following a network failure.
2. Node 1 panics and reboots.
3. Node 0 has keys registered on the coordinator disks. When node 1 boots up, it sees the
node 0 keys, but cannot see node 0 in the current GAB membership. It senses a
potential preexisting split brain and causes the vxfen module to print an error
message to the console. The vxfen module prevents fencing from starting, which, in
turn, prevents VCS from coming online.
To recover from this situation, shut down node 1, reconnect the private interconnect,
and restart node 1.

VCS I/O Fencing
I/O Fencing Scenario: Partition In Time

In this scenario, the node that has registered keys on disk fails and is not present in the
GAB membership to allow other members to join.
1. Node 1 fails. Node 0 ejects node 1 from

coordinator disks
✗ ✗
Node 0 Node 1
2. Node 0 fails before node 1 is repaired
3. Node 1 is repaired and boots up before

node 0 starts.
Finds keys registered for a non-member.
Prints error message and exits
Coordinator Disks
4. Operator intervenes and clears node 0 keys

from disks
1. In the first failure, node 1 fails, and is fenced out by ejecting the node from the
coordinator disks.
2. Before node 1 can be restarted, node 0 fails.
3. When node 1 restarts, it sees the keys left behind by node 0, but cannot see node 0 in
the GAB membership. The fencing driver prints an error message.
4. The operator runs the vxfenclearpre utility to clear the keys left by node 0 after
physically verifying that node 0 is down. The operator then reboots node1, which
comes up normally.

VCS Operation Without I/O Fencing

This section describes the operation of VCS in clusters without SCSI-III PR storage.
VCS provides many methods to maintain cluster membership. These methods include
LLT, and low priority links. In all heartbeat configurations, VCS determines that a system
has faulted when all heartbeats fail.
The traditional VCS design assumed that for all heartbeats to fail at the same time, a
system must be dead. To handle situations where two or more heartbeat connections are
not available at time of failure, VCS has a special membership condition known as
jeopardy, which is explained in section “Jeopardy” on page 331.
Non-fencing Cluster Membership

VCS membership operates differently when fencing is disabled with the
“UseFence=None” directive or when I/O fencing is not available for membership
arbitration.
Reliable Vs. Unreliable Communication Notification

LLT informs GAB if communication to a peer is reliable or unreliable. A peer connection is
said to be reliable if more than one network link exists between them. If multiple links fail
simultaneously, there is a higher possibility that the node has failed.
For the reliable designation to have meaning, it is critical that the networks used fail
independently. LLT supports multiple independent links between systems. Using
different interfaces and connecting infrastructure decreases the chance of two links failing
at the same time, thereby increasing overall reliability. Nodes with a single connection to
the cluster are placed in a special membership called a jeopardy membership.

Low Priority Link

LLT can be configured to use a low priority network link as a backup to normal heartbeat
channels. Low priority links are typically configured on the public or administrative
network.
The low priority link is not used for cluster membership traffic until it is the only
remaining link. During normal operation, the low priority link carries only LLT heartbeat
traffic. The frequency of heartbeats is reduced to 50% of normal to reduce network
overhead. When the low priority link is the only remaining network link, LLT switches all
cluster status traffic over as well. When a configured private link is repaired, LLT switches
cluster status traffic back to the high priority link.
Jeopardy
VCS without I/O fencing requires a minimum of two heartbeat-capable channels between
cluster nodes to provide adequate protection against network failure. When a node is
down to a single heartbeat connection, VCS can no longer reliably discriminate between
loss of a system and loss of the last network connection. It must then handle
communication loss on a single network differently than on multiple network. This
handling is called jeopardy.
GAB makes intelligent choices on cluster membership based on information about reliable
and unreliable links provided by LLT. If a system's heartbeats are lost simultaneously
across all channels, VCS determines that the system has failed. The services running on
that system are then restarted on another system. However, if the node had only one
heartbeat (that is, the node was in jeopardy), VCS does not restart the applications on a
new node. This action of disabling failover is a safety mechanism to prevent data
corruption. A system can be placed in a jeopardy membership if the system has only one
functional network heartbeat. In this situation, the node is a member of the regular
membership and the jeopardy membership, known as a regardy membership. VCS
continues to operate as a single cluster except that failover due to system failure is
disabled. Even after the last network connection is lost, VCS continues to operate as
partitioned clusters on each side of the failure.

Examples of Jeopardy and Network Partitions

The following scenarios describe situations that may arise because of heartbeat problems.
Example 1: Cluster with Two Private Heartbeat Connections

Consider a four-node cluster with two private network heartbeat connections. The cluster
does not have any low priority link. Both private links load-balance the cluster status and
both links carry the heartbeat.
Public Network
Regular membership: 0, 1, 2, 3
Jeopardy Scenario: Link Failure

If a link to node 2 fails, the system is rendered in an unreliable communications state
because there is only one heartbeat.
.
Public Network
✗ Regular membership: 0,1, 2, 3

Jeopardy membership: 2
A new cluster membership is issued with nodes 0, 1, 2, and 3 in the regular membership
and node 2 in a jeopardy membership. All normal cluster operations continue, including
normal failover of service groups due to resource faults.

Jeopardy Scenario: Link and Node Failure

If node 2 fails due to loss of power, the other systems in the cluster recognize it has
faulted.
.
Public Network
✗
Regular membership: 0,1, 3
✗ (with known previous jeopardy

membership for node 2)
All other systems recognize that node 2 has faulted. A new membership is issued for
nodes 0, 1 and 3 as regular members. Since node 2 was in a jeopardy membership, service
groups running on node 2 are autodisabled, so no other node can assume ownership of
these service groups. If the node is failed, the system administrator can clear the
AutoDisabled flag on the service groups and bring them online on other nodes in the
cluster.

Jeopardy Scenario: Failure of All Links

In the scenario depicted in the illustration below, node 2 loses both heartbeats.
.
Public Network
Regular membership: 0,1, 3

(Cluster 1)
✗✗ Regular membership: 2
(Cluster 2)
In this situation, a new membership is issued for node 0, 1, and 3 as regular members.
Since node 2 was in a jeopardy membership, service groups running on node 2 are
autodisabled, so no other node can assume ownership of these service groups. Nodes 0, 1,
and 3 form a sub-cluster. Node 2 forms another single-node sub-cluster. All service groups
that were present on nodes 0, 1, and 3 are autodisabled on node 2.
Example 2: Cluster with Public Low-Priority Link

In the scenario depicted below, four nodes are connected with two private networks and
one public low priority network. In this situation, cluster status is load-balanced across
the two private links and the heartbeat is sent on all three links.
.
Public Network
Regular membership: 0,1, 2, 3

Cluster status on private
networks
Heartbeat only on public
network

Jeopardy Scenario: Link Failure

If node 2 loses a network link, other nodes send all cluster status traffic to node 2 over the
remaining private link and use both private links for traffic between themselves.
.
Public Network
✗ Regular membership: 0,1, 3

No jeopardy
The low priority link continues with heartbeat only. No jeopardy condition exists because
there are two links to determine system failure.
Jeopardy Scenario: Failure of Both Private Heartbeat Links

If we lose the second private heartbeat link, cluster status communication is routed over
the public link to node 2.
.
Public Network
✗✗ Regular membership: 0,1, 3

Jeopardy membership: 2
Node 2 is placed in a jeopardy membership. AutoFailOver on node 2 is disabled.
If you reconnect a private network, all cluster status reverts to the private link and the low
priority link returns to heartbeat only. At this point, node 2 is placed back in normal
regular membership.
HAD

Pre-existing Network Partitions

A pre-existing network partition refers to failures in communication channels that occur
while the systems are down. Regardless of whether the cause is scheduled maintenance or
system failure, VCS cannot respond to failures when systems are down. This leaves VCS
without I/O fencing vulnerable to network partitioning when the systems are booted.
VCS seeding is designed to help prevent this situation in clusters without I/O fencing
VCS Seeding
To protect your cluster from a pre-existing network partition, VCS employs the concept of
a seed. Systems can be seeded automatically or manually. Note that only systems that
have been seeded can run VCS.
By default, when a system comes up, it is not seeded. When the last system in a cluster is
booted, the cluster seeds and starts VCS on all systems. Systems can then be brought
down and restarted in any combination. Seeding is automatic as long as at least one
instance of VCS is running in the cluster.
Automatic seeding occurs in one of two ways:
◆ When an unseeded system communicates with a seeded system.
◆ When all systems in the cluster are unseeded and able to communicate with each
other.
VCS requires that you declare the number of systems that will participate in the cluster.
Seeding control is established via the /etc/gabtab file. GAB is started with the
command /sbin/gabconfig -c -n X. The variable X represents number of nodes in
the cluster.
To start a cluster with less than all nodes, first verify the nodes not to be in the cluster are
down, then start GAB using the command /sbin/gabconfig -c -x. This manually
seeds the cluster and allows VCS to start on all connected systems.
During initial startup, VCS autodisables a service group until all resources are probed for
the group on all systems in the SystemList that have GAB running. This protects against a
situation where enough systems are running LLT and GAB to seed the cluster, but not all
systems have HAD running.

Using the Quorum Flag to Prevent Split-brain

If you do not use I/O fencing, you can use the quorum flag to prevent split-brain in
situations where the cluster splits with an unequal number of nodes in each sub-cluster.
In the event of a link failure, when a new cluster membership is created, GAB checks the
number of systems in the new membership. If the number of systems is less than half the
previous membership and if the quorum flag is set, VCS panics all nodes in the
sub-cluster, thereby preventing split-brain.
Behavior Scenarios with the Quorum Flag Enabled

◆ If a 7-node cluster splits into two sub-clusters of 4 and 3 nodes respectively, the 3-node
cluster panics.
◆ If a 4-node cluster splits into two sub-clusters of 2 nodes each, a split-brain condition
occurs even if the quorum flag is set.
◆ If a 4-node cluster splits into four single-node sub-clusters, all sub-clusters panic.
Enabling and Disabling the Quorum Flag

Use the gabconfig command to enable and disable the quorum flag. You can add or
remove the quorum flag from the file /etc/gabtab manually. Your settings take effect
on system reboot.
✔ You must set this flag on all nodes in the cluster.
✔ Do not set this flag if you use I/O fencing (UseFence=SCSI3) in the cluster.
▼ To set (enable) the Quorum flag
1. Run the gabconfig command with the -q option:

gabconfig -q
2. Verify that the -q flag appears in the file /etc/gabtab.
▼ To disable the Quorum flag
1. Run the gabconfig command with the -d option:

gabconfig -d
2. Verify that the -q flag does not appear in the file /etc/gabtab.

▼ To verfiy changes to the GAB configuration

gabconfig -l

Network Partitions and the UNIX Boot Monitor

Most UNIX systems provide a console-abort sequence that enables you to halt and
continue the processor. Continuing operations after the processor has stopped may
corrupt data and is therefore unsupported by VCS.
When a system is halted with the abort sequence, it stops producing heartbeats. The other
systems in the cluster consider the system failed and take over its services. If the system is
later enabled with another console sequence, it continues writing to shared storage as
before, even though its applications have been restarted on other systems.
VERITAS recommends disabling the console-abort sequence or creating an alias to force
the “go” command to perform a reboot on systems not running I/O fencing.
Reconnecting the Private Network

When a final network connection is lost in clusters not running I/O fencing, the systems
on each side of the network partition segregate into sub-clusters.
Reconnecting a private network after a cluster has been segregated causes HAD to stop
and restart. There are several rules that determine which systems will be affected.
◆ On a two-node cluster, the system with the lowest LLT host ID stays running and the
higher stops and restarts HAD.
◆ In a multi-node cluster, the largest running group stays running. The smaller groups
stop and restart HAD.
◆ On a multi-node cluster splitting into two equal size clusters, the cluster with the
lowest node number stays running and the other cluster stops and restarts HAD.


Controlling VCS Behavior 11
VCS provides an enhanced set of options to configure service groups. These options allow
greater flexibility and control when service groups fail over in response to resource faults.
VCS Behavior on Resource Faults

A resource is considered faulted in the following situations:
◆ When the resource state changes unexpectedly. For example, an online resource going
offline.
◆ When a required state change does not occur. For example, a resource failing to go
online or offline when commanded to do so.
In many situations, VCS agents take predefined actions to correct the issue before
reporting resource failure to the engine. For example, the agent may try to bring a
resource online several times before declaring a fault.
Cleaning Resources
When a resource faults, VCS takes automated actions to “clean up” the faulted resource.
The Clean function makes sure the resource is completely shut down before bringing it
online on another node. This prevents concurrency violations.
Fault Propagation
When a resource faults, VCS takes all resources dependent on the faulted resource offline.
The fault is thus propagated in the service group
341
Critical and Non-Critical Resources

The Critical attribute for a resource defines whether a service group fails over when a
resource faults. If a resource is configured as non-critical (by setting the Critical attribute
to 0) and no resources depending on the failed resource are critical, the service group will
not fail over. VCS takes the failed resource offline and updates the group status to
ONLINE|PARTIAL. The attribute also determines whether a service group tries to come
online on another node if, during the group’s online process, a resource fails to come
online.
VCS Behavior Diagrams

This section describes the default functionality of VCS when resources fault. The
following illustration displays the symbols used in this section.
Resource Configuration/Actions Resource Color Code
C Critical Resource Online
Resource Going Offline Offline
Resource Coming Online

✗ Faulted

Scenario: Resource with critical parent faults

The service group in the following example has five resources, of which resource R1 is
configured as a critical resource.
R1 C R1 C R1 C R1 C
R2 R3 R2
✗ R3 R2
✗ R3 R2
✗ R3
R4 R5 R4 R5 R4 R5 R4 R5
When resource R2 faults, the fault is propagated up the dependency tree to resource R1.
When the critical resource R1 goes offline, VCS must fault the service group and fail it
over elsewhere in the cluster. VCS takes other resources in the service group offline in the
order of their dependencies. After taking resources R3, R4, and R5 offline, VCS fails over
the service group to another node.
Scenario: Resource with non-critical parent faults

The service group in the following example does not have any critical resources.
R1 R1 R1
R2 R3 R2
✗ R3 R2
✗ R3
R4 R5 R4 R5 R4 R5
When resource R2 faults, the engine propagates the failure up the dependency tree.
Neither resource R1 nor resource R2 are critical, so the fault does not result in offlining the
tree or in service group failover.
Chapter 11, Controlling VCS Behavior 343

Scenario: Resource with critical parent fails to come online

In the following example, when a command is issued to bring the service group online,
resource R2 fails to come online.
R1 C R1 C R1 C R1 C
R2 R3 R2
✗ R3 R2
✗ R3 R2✗ R3
R4 R5 R4 R5 R4 R5 R4 R5
VCS calls the Clean function for resource R2 and propagates the fault up the dependency
tree. Resource R1 is set to critical, so the service group is taken offline and failed over to
another node in the cluster.

Controlling VCS Behavior at the Service Group Level

This section describes how you can configure service group attributes to modify VCS
behavior in response to resource faults.
Controlling Failover on Service Group or System Faults

The AutoFailOver attribute configures service group behavior in response to service
group and system faults.
◆ If the AutoFailOver attribute is set to 1, the service group fails over when a system or
a service group faults, provided a suitable system exists for failover.
◆ If the AutoFailOver attribute is set to 0, the service group does not fail over when a
system or service group faults. If a fault occurs in a service group, the group is taken
offline, depending on whether any of its resources are configured as critical. If a
system faults, the service group is not failed over to another system.
Freezing Service Groups

Freezing a service group prevents VCS from taking any action when the service group or a
system faults. Freezing a service group prevents dependent resources from going offline
when a resource faults. It also prevents the Clean function from being called on a resource
fault.
You can freeze a service group when performing operations on its resources from outside
VCS control. This prevents VCS from taking actions on resources while your operations
are on. For example, freeze a database group when using database controls to stop and
start a database.

Controlling Clean Behavior on Resource Faults

The ManageFaults attribute specifies whether VCS calls the Clean entry point when a
resource faults. ManageFaults is a service group attribute; you can configure each service
group to operate as desired.
◆ If the ManageFaults attribute is set to ALL, VCS calls the Clean entry point when a
resource faults.
◆ If the ManageFaults attribute is set to NONE, VCS takes no action on a resource fault;
it “hangs” the service group until administrative action can be taken. VCS marks the
resource state as ADMIN_WAIT and does not fail over the service group until the
resource fault is removed and the ADMIN_WAIT state is cleared.
VCS calls the resadminwait trigger when a resource enters the ADMIN_WAIT state due
to a resource fault if the ManageFaults attribute is set to NONE. You can customize
this trigger to provide notification about the fault. See “resadminwait Event Trigger”
on page 437 for more information.
Controlling Fault Propagation

The FaultPropagation attribute defines whether a resource fault is propagated up the
resource dependency tree. It also defines whether a resource fault causes a service group
failover.
◆ If the FaultPropagation attribute is set to 1 (default), a resource fault is propagated up
the dependency tree. If a resource in the path is critical, the service group is taken
offline and failed over, provided the AutoFailOver attribute is set to 1.
◆ If the FaultPropagation is set to 0, resource faults are contained at the resource level.
VCS does not take the dependency tree offline, thus preventing failover. If the
resources in the service group remain online, the service group remains in the
PARTIAL|FAULTED state. If all resources are offline or faulted, the service group
remains in the OFFLINE| FAULTED state.
When a resource faults, VCS fires the resfault trigger and sends an SNMP trap. The trigger
is called on the system where the resource faulted and includes the name of the faulted
resource. See “resfault Event Trigger” on page 437 for more information.

Customized Behavior Diagrams

The illustrations in this section depict how the ManageFaults and FaultPropagation
attributes change VCS behavior when handling resource faults The following illustration
depicts the legends used in the section.
Resource Color Code
Online W Online | Admin_Wait
Offline W Offline | Admin_Wait
✗ Faulted
Scenario: Resource with a critical parent and ManageFaults=NONE

The service group in the following example has five resources. The ManageFaults
attribute is set to NONE for resource R2.
R1 C R1 C
R2 R3 R5
R2
W R3
R4 R5 R4 R5
If resource R2 fails, the resource is marked as ONLINE|ADMIN_WAIT. The Clean entry point
is not called for the resource. VCS does not take any other resource offline.

Scenario: Resource with a critical parent and FaultPropagation=0

In the following example, the FaultPropagation attribute is set to 0.
R1 C R1 C
R2 R3 R2
✗ R3
R4 R5 R4 R5
When resource R2 faults, the Clean entry point is called and the resource is marked as
faulted. The fault is not propagated up the tree, and the group is not taken offline.

Controlling VCS Behavior at the Resource Level

This section describes how you can control VCS behavior at the resource level. Note that a
resource is not considered faulted until the agent framework declares the fault to the VCS
engine.
Resource Type Attributes

The following attributes affect how the VCS agent framework reacts to problems with
individual resources before informing the fault to the VCS engine.
RestartLimit Attribute
The RestartLimit attribute defines whether VCS attempts to restart a failed resource before
informing the engine of the fault.
If the RestartLimit attribute is set to a non-zero value, the agent attempts to restart the
resource before declaring the resource as faulted. When restarting a failed resource, the
agent framework calls the Clean entry point before calling the Online entry point.
However, setting the ManageFaults attribute to NONE prevents the Clean entry point
from being called and prevents the Online entry point from being retried.
OnlineRetryLimit Attribute
The OnlineRetryLimit attribute specifies the number of times the Online entry point is
retried if the initial attempt to bring a resource online is unsuccessful.
When the OnlineRetryLimit set to a non-zero value, the agent framework calls the Clean
entry point before rerunning the Online entry point. Setting the ManageFaults attribute to
NONE prevents the Clean entry point from being called and also prevents the Online
operation from being retried.
ConfInterval Attribute
The ConfInterval attribute defines how long a resource must remain online without
encountering problems before previous problem counters are cleared. The attribute
controls when VCS clears the RestartCount, ToleranceCount and
CurrentMonitorTimeoutCount values.

ToleranceLimit Attribute
The ToleranceLimit attribute defines the number of times the Monitor routine should
return an offline status before declaring a resource offline. This attribute is typically used
when a resource is busy and appears to be offline. Setting the attribute to a non-zero value
instructs VCS to allow multiple failing monitor cycles with the expectation that the
resource will eventually respond. Setting a non-zero ToleranceLimit also extends the time
required to respond to an actual fault.
FaultOnMonitorTimeouts Attribute
The FaultOnMonitorTimeouts attribute defines whether VCS interprets a Monitor entry
point timeout as a resource fault.
If the attribute is set to 0, VCS does not treat Monitor timeouts as a resource faults. If the
attribute is set to 1, VCS interprets the timeout as a resource fault and the agent calls the
Clean entry point to shut the resource down.
By default, the FaultOnMonitorTimeouts attribute is set to 4. This means that the Monitor
entry point must time out four times in a row before the resource is marked faulted.

How VCS Handles Resource Faults

This section describes the process VCS uses to determine the course of action when a
resource faults.
VCS Behavior When an Online Resource Faults

In the following example, a resource in an online state is reported as being offline without
being commanded by the agent to go offline.
◆ VCS first verifies the Monitor routine completes successfully in the required time. If it
does, VCS examines the exit code returned by the Monitor routine. If the Monitor
routine does not complete in the required time, VCS looks at the
FaultOnMonitorTimeouts (FOMT) attribute.
◆ If FOMT=0, the resource will not fault when the Monitor routine times out. VCS
considers the resource online and monitors the resource periodically, depending on
the monitor interval.
If FOMT=1 or more, VCS compares the CurrentMonitorTimeoutCount (CMTC) with
the FOMT value. If the monitor timeout count is not used up, CMTC is incremented
and VCS monitors the resource in the next cycle.
◆ If FOMT= CMTC, this means that the available monitor timeout count is exhausted
and VCS must now take corrective action.
◆ If the ManageFaults attribute is set to NONE, VCS marks the resource as
ONLINE|ADMIN_WAIT and fires the resadminwait trigger. If the ManageFaults
attribute is set to ALL, the resource enters a GOING OFFLINE WAIT state. VCS invokes
the Clean entry point with the reason Monitor Hung.
◆ If the Clean entry point is successful (that is, Clean exit code = 0), VCS examines the
value of the RestartLimit attribute. If Clean fails (exit code = 1), the resource remains
online with the state UNABLE TO OFFLINE. VCS fires the resnotoff trigger and monitors
the resource again.
◆ If the Monitor routine does not time out, it returns the status of the resource as being
online or offline.
◆ If the ToleranceLimit (TL) attribute is set to a non-zero value, the Monitor cycle
returns offline (exit code = 100) for a number of times specified by the ToleranceLimit
and increments the ToleranceCount (TC). When the ToleranceCount equals the
ToleranceLimit (TC = TL), the agent declares the resource as faulted.

◆ If the Monitor routine returns online (exit code = 110) during a monitor cycle, the
agent takes no further action. The ToleranceCount attribute is reset to 0 when the
resource is online for a period of time specified by the ConfInterval attribute.
If the resource is detected as being offline a number of times specified by the
ToleranceLimit before the ToleranceCount is reset (TC = TL), the resource is
considered failed.
◆ After the agent determines the resource is not online, VCS checks the Frozen attribute
for the service group. If the service group is frozen, VCS declares the resource faulted
and calls the resfault trigger. No further action is taken.
◆ If the service group is not frozen, VCS checks the ManageFaults attribute. If
ManageFaults=NONE, VCS marks the resource state as ONLINE|ADMIN_WAIT and
calls the resadminwait trigger. If ManageFaults=ALL, VCS calls the Clean entry point
with the CleanReason set to Unexpected Offline.
◆ If the Clean entry point fails (exit code = 1) the resource remains online with the state
UNABLE TO OFFLINE. VCS fires the resnotoff trigger and monitors the resource again.
The resource enters a cycle of alternating Monitor and Clean entry points until the
Clean entry point succeeds or a user intervenes.
◆ If the Clean entry point is successful, VCS examines the value of the RestartLimit (RL)
attribute. If the attribute is set to a non-zero value, VCS increments the RestartCount
(RC) attribute and invokes the Online entry point. This continues till the value of the
RestartLimit equals that of the RestartCount. At this point, VCS attempts to monitor
the resource.
◆ If the Monitor returns an online status, VCS considers the resource online and
resumes periodic monitoring. If the monitor returns an offline status, the resource is
faulted and VCS takes actions based on the service group configuration.

Flowchart
Resource
Online
CMTC =
Monitor YES CMTC + 1
Timeout?
NO YES
TC =
FOMT>
TC + 1
CMTC
Monitor 110
Exit Code NO
100 Resource
Manage NONE
Online | Admin_Wait.
Faults resadminwait Trigger
YES
TL>TC?
ALL
NO
Resource
online. TC not Resource
cleared Group YES Resource fails. online. CMTC
Frozen? Call Restart Trigger Resource not cleared
Going Offline
NO Wait
Resource Resource
Manage NONE Online | Admin_Wait.
Unable to Faults
Offline. resnotoff resadminwaitTrigger
Clean.
Trigger All “Monitor Hung”
Clean.
Unexpected
Offline
Resource
Clean NO
Unable to Offline.
NO Clean Success? resnotoff Trigger
Success?
YES
YES
NO Monitor 110
RL>RC? Monitor
Exit Code
Resource
YES 100
RC=RC+1 A B

VCS Behavior When a Resource Fails to Come Online

In the following example, the agent framework invokes the Online entry point for an
offline resource. The resource state changes to WAITING TO ONLINE.
◆ If the Online entry point times out, VCS examines the value of the ManageFaults
attribute.
◆ If ManageFaults is set to NONE, the resource state changes to OFFLINE|ADMIN_WAIT.
If ManageFaults is set to ALL, VCS calls the Clean entry point with the CleanReason
set to Online Hung.
◆ If the Online entry point does not time out, VCS invokes the Monitor entry point. The
Monitor routine returns an exit code of 110 if the resource is online. Otherwise, the
Monitor routine returns an exit code of 100.
◆ VCS examines the value of the OnlineWaitLimit (OWL) attribute. This attribute
defines how many monitor cycles can return an offline status before the agent
framework declares the resource faulted. Each successive Monitor cycle increments
the OnlineWaitCount (OWC) attribute. When OWL= OWC (or if OWL= 0), VCS
determines the resource has faulted.
◆ VCS then examines the value of the ManageFaults attribute. If the ManageFaults is set
to NONE, the resource state changes to OFFLINE|ADMIN_WAIT.
If the ManageFaults is set to ALL, VCS calls the Clean entry point with the
CleanReason set to Online Ineffective.
◆ If the Clean entry point is not successful (exit code = 1), the agent monitors the
resource. It determines the resource is offline, and calls the Clean entry point with the
Clean Reason set to Online Ineffective. This cycle continues till the Clean entry point
is successful, after which VCS resets the OnlineWaitCount value.
◆ If the OnlineRetryLimit (ORL) is set to a non-zero value, VCS increments the
OnlineRetryCount (ORC) and invokes the Online entry point. This starts the cycle all
over again. If ORL = ORC, or if ORL = 0, VCS assumes that the Online operation has
failed and declares the resource as faulted.

Flowchart
A Resource
Offline
Online. Resource
Waiting to Online
Online YES
Timeout?
NO
Resource 110 Monitor

Online Exit Code OWC =
OWC+1
100
OWL> YES
OWC? Resource
Offline | Admin_Wait
Manage NONE resadminwait Trigger
NO
Faults
NONE ALL Resource

Manage
Faults Offline | Admin_Wait
NONE
resadminwait Trigger
ALL ORC=
ORC+1
Clean. Clean.
“Online Ineffective” “Online Hung”
NO Clean
Success?
YES
Reset OWC
ORL > NO
ORC? B
YES

VCS Behavior After a Resource is Declared Faulted

After a resource is declared faulted, VCS fires the resfault trigger and examines the value
of the FaultPropagation attribute.
◆ If FaultPropagation is set to 0, VCS does not take other resources offline, and changes
the group state to OFFLINE|FAULTED or PARTIAL|FAULTED. The service group does not
fail over.
If FaultPropagation is set to 1, VCS takes all resources in the dependent path of the
faulted resource offline, up to the top of the tree.
◆ VCS then examines if any resource in the dependent path is critical. If no resources are
critical, the service group is left in its OFFLINE|FAULTED or PARTIAL|FAULTED state. If a
resource in the path is critical, VCS takes the all resources in the service group offline
in preparation of a failover.
◆ If the AutoFailOver attribute is set to 0, the service group is not failed over; it remains
in a faulted state. If AutoFailOver is set to 1, VCS examines if any systems in the
service group’s SystemList are possible candidates for failover. If no suitable systems
exist, the group remains faulted and VCS calls the nofailover trigger. If eligible
systems are available, VCS examines the FailOverPolicy to determine the most
suitable system to which to fail over the service group.
Note If FailOverPolicy is set to Load, a NoFailover situation may occur because of

restrictions placed on service groups and systems by Service Group Workload
Management.

Flowchart
Resource faults.
resfault Trigger
Fault 0 No other resources affected.

Propagation
No group failover.
Offline all
resources in
dependent path
Critical NO No other resources affected.

resources? No group failover.
YES
Offline entire tree
Auto 0 Service group offline in

Failover Faulted state.
System NO Service group offline in

available? Faulted state. nofailover
trigger.
Failover based on
FailOverPolicy

Disabling Resources
Disabling Resources
Disabling a resource means that the resource is no longer monitored by a VCS agent, and
that the resource cannot be brought online or taken offline. The agent starts monitoring
the resource after the resource is enabled. The resource attribute Enabled determines
whether a resource is enabled or disabled. (See “Resource Attributes” on page 614 for
details.) A persistent resource can be disabled when all its parents are offline. A
non-persistent resource can be disabled when the resource is in an OFFLINE state.
When to Disable a Resource

Typically, resources are disabled when one or more resources in the service group
encounter problems and disabling the resource is required to keep the service group
online or to bring it online.
Note Disabling a resource is not an option when the entire service group requires
disabling. In that case, set the service group attribute Enabled to 0.
▼ To disable a resource
To disable the resource when VCS is running:
# hares -modify resource_name Enabled 0
To have the resource disabled initially when VCS is started, set the resource’s Enabled
attribute to 0 in main.cf.
Limitations
When VCS is running, there are certain prerequisites to be met before the resource is
disabled successfully.
✔ An online non-persistent resource cannot be disabled. It must be in a clean OFFLINE
state. (The state must be OFFLINE and IState must be NOT WAITING.)
✔ If it is a persistent resource and the state is ONLINE on some of the systems, all
dependent resources (parents) must be in clean OFFLINE state. (The state must be
OFFLINE and IState must be NOT WAITING)
Therefore, before disabling the resource you may be required to take it offline (if it is
non-persistent) and take other resources offline in the service group.

Disabling Resources
Additional Considerations
◆ When a group containing disabled resources is brought online, the online transaction
is not propagated to the disabled resources. Children of the disabled resource are
brought online by VCS only if they are required by another enabled resource.
◆ You can bring children of disabled resources online if necessary.
◆ When a group containing disabled resources is taken offline, the offline transaction is
propagated to the disabled resources.
The following figures show how a service group containing disabled resources is brought
online.
e
Resource_1
lin
✗
on
ng
oi
G
Resource_2 Resource_3
Resource_3 is disabled.
Resource_4
Resource_4 is offline.
Resource_5
Resource_5 is offline.
In the figure above, Resource_3 is disabled. When the service group is brought online, the
only resources brought online by VCS are Resource_1 and Resource_2 (Resource_2 is
brought online first) because VCS recognizes Resource_3 is disabled. In accordance with
online logic, the transaction is not propagated to the disabled resource.

Disabling Resources
In the figure below, Resource_2 is disabled. When the service group is brought online,
resources 1, 3, 4 are also brought online (Resource_4 is brought online first). Note
Resource_3, the child of the disabled resource, is brought online because Resource_1 is
enabled and is dependent on it.
Resource_1
Resource_3
✗
Resource_2
Resource_2 is disabled.
Going online
Resource_4
How Disabled Resources Affect Group States

When a service group is brought online containing non-persistent, disabled resources
whose AutoStart attributes are set to 1, the group state is PARTIAL, even though enabled
resources with Autostart=1 are online. This is because the disabled resource is considered
for the group state.
To have the group in the ONLINE state when enabled resources with AutoStart set to 1 are
in ONLINE state, set the AutoStart attribute to 0 for the disabled, non-persistent resources.

Clearing Resources in the ADMIN_WAIT State
Clearing Resources in the ADMIN_WAIT State

When VCS sets a resource in the ADMIN_WAIT state, it invokes the resadminwait trigger
according to the reason the resource entered the state. For more information about the
trigger, see “resadminwait Event Trigger” on page 437.
▼ To clear a resource
1. Take the necessary actions outside VCS to bring all resources into the required state.
2. Verify that resources are in the required state by issuing the command:
# hagrp -clearadminwait group -sys system
This command clears the ADMIN_WAIT state for all resources. If VCS continues to
detect resources that are not in the required state, it resets the resources to the
ADMIN_WAIT state.
3. If resources continue in the ADMIN_WAIT state, repeat step 1 and step 2, or issue the
following command to stop VCS from setting the resource to the ADMIN_WAIT state:
# hagrp -clearadminwait -fault group -sys system
This command has the following results:
◆ If the resadminwait trigger was called for reasons 0 or 1, the resource state is set as
ONLINE|UNABLE_TO_OFFLINE.
◆ If the resadminwait trigger was called for reasons 2, 3, or 4, the resource state is
set as FAULTED. Please note that when resources are set as FAULTED for these
reasons, the clean entry point is not called. Verify that resources in ADMIN-WAIT
are in clean, OFFLINE state prior to invoking this command.
Note When a service group has a resource in the ADMIN_WAIT state, the following service
group operations cannot be performed on the resource: online, offline, switch, and
flush. Also, you cannot use the hastop command when resources are in the
ADMIN_WAIT state. When this occurs, you must issue the hastop command with
-force option only.

VCS Behavior on Loss of Storage Connectivity

When a node loses connectivity to shared storage, input-output operations (I/O) to
volumes return errors and the disk group gets disabled. In this situation, VCS must fail
the service groups over to another node. This failover is to ensure that applications have
access to shared storage. The failover involves deporting disk groups from one node and
importing them to another node. However, pending I/Os must complete before the
disabled disk group can be deported.
Pending I/Os cannot complete without storage connectivity. VCS assumes data is being
read from or written to disks and does not declare the DiskGroup resource as offline. This
behavior prevents potential data corruption that may be caused by the disk group being
imported on two hosts. However, this also means that service groups remain online on a
node that does not have storage connectivity and the service groups cannot be failed over
unless an administrator intervenes. This affects application availability.
Some Fibre Channel (FC) drivers have a configurable parameter called failover, which
defines the number of seconds for which the driver retries I/O commands before
returning an error. If you set the failover parameter to 0, the FC driver retries I/O
infinitely and does not return an error even when storage connectivity is lost. This also
causes the Monitor entry point for the DiskGroup to time out and prevents failover of the
service group unless an administrator intervenes.
Disk Group Configuration and VCS Behavior

The following table describes how the disk group state and the failover attribute define
VCS behavior when a node loses connectivity to shared storage.
Case DiskGroup Failover VCS Behavior on Loss of Storage Connectivity

State Attribute
1 Enabled N seconds Fails over service groups to another node.
2 Disabled N seconds DiskGroup resource remains online.

No failover.
3 Enabled 0 DiskGroup resource remains in monitor timed out state.

No failover.
4 Disabled 0 DiskGroup resource remains online.

No failover.

How VCS Attributes Control Behavior on Loss of Storage

Connectivity
If you use I/O fencing, you can configure some VCS attributes to ensure that when a node
loses connectivity to shared storage, the node panics, thereby causing service groups to
fail over to another node.
A system reboot or shutdown could leave the system in a hung state because the
operating system cannot dump the buffer cache to the disk. The panic operation ensures
that VCS does not wait for I/Os to complete before triggering the failover mechanism,
thereby ensuring application availability. However, you might have to perform a file
system check when you restart the node.
The following attributes define VCS behavior on loss of storage connectivity:
◆ PanicSystemOnDGLoss—Applies to the DiskGroup agent and defines whether the
agent panics the system when storage connectivity is lost. The system panics only if
the cluster uses I/O fencing, that is, if you set the UseFence attribute to SCSI3.
◆ FaultOnMonitorTimeouts—Defines the number of consecutive monitor timeouts after
which VCS calls the Clean entry point to mark mark the resource as FAULTED or
restarts the resource.
If you set the attribute to 0, VCS does not treat Monitor timeouts as a resource fault.
By default, the FaultOnMonitorTimeouts attribute is 4. This means that the Monitor
entry point must time out four times in a row before VCS marks the resource faulted.
When the Monitor entry point for the DiskGroup agent times out, (case 3 in the table
above), the FaultOnMonitorTimeouts attribute defines when VCS interprets the
resource as faulted and invokes the Clean entry point. If the CleanReason is "monitor
hung", the system panics.

The following flowchart describes VCS behavior for a disabled diskgroup.
DG
state is
disabled.
I/O
fencing No Log DG error
No failover.
enabled? in engine log.
Yes
PanicSyst No Log message Attempts Trigger

emOnDG and return deport of DG failover.
Loss? onlline.
Yes
Panic system
(dump, crash, Monitor entry point
and halt
processes.)
Clean entry point
Controlling VCS Behavior

VERITAS makes the following recommendations to ensure application availability and
data integrity when a node loses connectivity to shared storage.
◆ Do not set the failover attribute for the FC driver to 0.
However, if you do set the failover attribute to 0, set the FaultOnMonitorTimeouts
value for the DiskGroup resource type to a finite value.
◆ If you use I/O fencing, set the PanicSystemOnDGLoss attribute for the DiskGroup
resource to 1. This ensures that the system panics when it loses connectivity to shared
storage, and causes applications to fail over to another node. The failover ensures
application availability, while I/O fencing ensures data integrity.

Service Group Workload Management

Service Group Workload Management is a load-balancing mechanism that determines
which system hosts an application during startup, or after an application or server fault.
With Service Group Workload Management, you can statically associate system capacity
and service group load within the main configuration file, main.cf. This is particularly
useful when managing multiple service groups and systems. VCS also maintains the
functionality of dynamic system load, which can be used when service groups deviate
heavily from their static load. Dynamic load is specified at the system level, meaning you
can specify the load regardless of which service group is loading the system. This helps
account for system load contributed by an application outside VCS of control.
Deciding Startup and Failover Locations

Service Group Workload Management provides tools for making intelligent decisions
about startup and failover locations, based on system capacity and resource availability.
This feature is enabled when the service group attribute FailOverPolicy is set to Load.
This attribute governs how VCS calculates the target system for failover. There are three
possible values for FailOverPolicy: Priority, RoundRobin, and Load.
◆ Priority
The Priority failover policy is ideal for simple two-node clusters or small clusters with
few service groups. With FailOverPolicy set to Priority, the system with the lowest
priority is selected as the failover target. Priority is set in the SystemList attribute
implicitly via ordering, such as SystemList = {SystemA, SystemB} or explicitly, such as
SystemList = {SystemA=0, SystemB=1}. Priority is the default behavior.
◆ RoundRobin
The RoundRobin failover policy selects the system running the fewest service groups
as the failover target. This is ideal for large clusters running many service groups with
similar server load characteristics (for example, similar databases or applications).
◆ Load
The Load failover policy comprises the following components:
◆ System capacity and service group load, represented by the attributes Capacity
and Load respectively.
◆ System limits and service group prerequisites, represented by the attributes
Limits and Prerequisites, respectively.

System Capacity and Service Group Load

The system attribute Capacity sets a fixed load-handling capacity for servers. Define this
attribute based on system requirements. The service group attribute Load sets a fixed
demand for service groups. Define this attribute based on application requirements.
When a service group is brought online, its load is subtracted from the system’s capacity
to determine available capacity, which is maintained in the attribute AvailableCapacity.
When a failover occurs, HAD determines which system has the highest available capacity
and starts the service group on that system. During a failover involving multiple service
groups, failover decisions are made serially to facilitate a proper load-based choice.
System capacity is a soft restriction; in some situations, value of the Capacity attribute
could be less than zero. During some operations, including cascading failures, the value of
the AvailableCapacity attribute could be negative.
Static Load versus Dynamic Load

Dynamic load is an integral component of the Service Group Workload Management
framework. Typically, HAD sets remaining capacity with the function:
AvailableCapacity = Capacity - (sum of Load values of all online service groups)
If the DynamicLoad attribute is defined, its value overrides the calculated Load values
with the function:
AvailableCapacity = Capacity - DynamicLoad
This enables better control of system loading values than estimated service group loading
(static load). However, this requires setting up and maintaining a load estimation package
outside VCS. It also requires modifying the configuration file main.cf manually.
Note that the DynamicLoad (specified with hasys -load) is subtracted from the
Capacity as an integer and not a percentage value. For example, if a system’s capacity is
200 and the load estimation package determines the server is 80 percent loaded, it must
inform VCS that the DynamicLoad value is 160 (not 80).
Overload Warning
Overload warning provides the notification component of the Load policy. When a server
sustains the preset load level (set by the attribute LoadWarningLevel) for a preset time (set
by the attribute LoadTimeThreshold), the loadwarning trigger is invoked. For a full
description of event management with triggers, see “VCS Event Triggers” on page 431.
For details on the attributes cited above, see “System Attributes” on page 638.

The loadwarning trigger is a user-defined script or application designed to carry out

specific actions. It is invoked once, when system load exceeds the LoadWarningLevel for
the LoadTimeThreshold. It is not invoked again until the LoadTimeCounter, which
determines how many seconds system load has been above LoadWarningLevel, is reset.
Limits and Prerequisites

System limits and service group prerequisites strengthen the Load policy.
Limits is a system attribute and designates which resources are available on a system,
including shared memory segments and semaphores.
Prerequisites is a service group attribute and helps manage application requirements. For
example, a database may require three shared memory segments and 10 semaphores. VCS
Load policy determines which systems meet the application criteria and then selects the
least-loaded system.
If the prerequisites defined for a service group are not met on a system, the service group
cannot be brought online on the system.
When configuring these attributes, define the service group’s prerequisites first, then the
corresponding system limits. Each system can have a different limit and there is no cap on
the number of group prerequisites and system limits. Service group prerequisites and
system limits can appear in any order.
You can also use these attributes to configure the cluster as N-to-1 or N-to-N. For example,
to ensure that only one service group can be online on a system at a time, add the
following entries to the definition of each group and system:
Prerequisites = { GroupWeight = 1 }
Limits = { GroupWeight = 1 }
System limits and group prerequisites work independently of FailOverPolicy.

Prerequisites determine the eligible systems on which a service group can be started.
When a list of systems is created, HAD then follows the configured FailOverPolicy.
Using Capacity and Limits

When selecting a node as a failover target, VCS selects the system that meets the service
group’s prerequisites and has the highest available capacity. If multiple systems meet the
prerequisites and have the same available capacity, VCS selects the system appearing
lexically first in the SystemList.
Systems having an available capacity of less than the percentage set by the
LoadWarningLevel attribute, and those remaining at that load for longer than the time
specified by the LoadTimeThreshold attribute invoke the loadwarning trigger.

VCS provides the option of creating zones for systems in a cluster to further fine-tune
application failover decisions. It also provides options to identify a suitable system to host
a service group when the cluster starts.
System Zones
The SystemZones attribute enables you to create a subset of systems to use in an initial
failover decision. This feature allows fine-tuning of application failover decisions, and yet
retains the flexibility to fail over anywhere in the cluster.
If the attribute is configured, a service group tries to stay within its zone before choosing a
host in another zone. For example, in a three-tier application infrastructure with Web,
application, and database servers, you could create two system zones: one each for the
application and the database. In the event of a failover, a service group in the application
zone will try to fail over to another node within the zone. If no nodes are available in the
application zone, the group will fail over to the database zone, based on the configured
load and limits.
In this configuration, excess capacity and limits on the database backend are kept in
reserve to handle the larger load of a database failover. The application servers handle the
load of service groups in the application zone. During a cascading failure, the excess
capacity in the cluster is available to all service groups.
Load-Based AutoStart
VCS provides a method to determine where a service group comes online when the
cluster starts. Setting the AutoStartPolicy to Load instructs the VCS engine, HAD, to
determine the best system on which to start the groups. VCS places service groups in an
AutoStart queue for load-based startup as soon as the groups probe all running systems.
VCS creates a subset of systems that meet all prerequisites and then chooses the system
with the highest AvailableCapacity.
You can use AutoStartPolicy = Load and SystemZones to establish a list of preferred
systems on which to initially run a group.

Sample Configurations Depicting Workload Management

This section lists some sample configurations that use the concepts described in this
chapter.
System and Service Group Definitions

The main.cf in this example shows various Service Group Workload Management
attributes in a system definition and a service group definition. For more information
regarding the attributes cited below, see the appendix “VCS Attributes.”
include "types.cf"
cluster SGWM-demo (
)
system LargeServer1 (
Capacity = 200
Limits = { ShrMemSeg=20, Semaphores=10, Processors=12 }
LoadWarningLevel = 90
LoadTimeThreshold = 600
)
group G1 (
SystemList = { LargeServer1, LargeServer2, MedServer1,
MedServer2 }
SystemZones = { LargeServer1=0, LargeServer2=0,
MedServer1=1, MedServer2=1 }
AutoStartPolicy = Load
AutoStartList = { MedServer1, MedServer2 }
FailOverPolicy = Load
Load = 100
Prerequisites = { ShrMemSeg=10, Semaphores=5, Processors=6 }
)

Sample Configuration: Basic Four-Node Cluster

include "types.cf"
cluster SGWM-demo
system Server1 (
Capacity = 100
)
system Server2 (
Capacity = 100
)
system Server3 (
Capacity = 100
)
system Server4 (
Capacity = 100
)
group G1 (
SystemList = { Server1, Server2, Server3, Server4 }
AutoStartList = { Server1, Server2, Server3, Server4 }
Load = 20
)
group G2 (
Load = 40
)
group G3 (
Load = 30
)

group G4 (
Load = 10
)
group G5 (
Load = 50
)
group G6 (
Load = 30
)
group G7 (
Load = 20
)
group G8 (
Load = 40
)

AutoStart Operation
In this configuration, assume that groups probe in the same order they are described, G1
through G8. Group G1 chooses the system with the highest AvailableCapacity value. All
systems have the same available capacity, so G1 starts on Server1 because this server is
lexically first. Groups G2 through G4 follow on Server2 through Server4. With the startup
decisions made for the initial four groups, the cluster configuration resembles:
Server AvailableCapacity Online Groups

Server1 80 G1
Server2 60 G2
Server3 70 G3
Server4 90 G4
As the next groups come online, group G5 starts on Server4 because this server has the
highest AvailableCapacity value. Group G6 then starts on Server1 with AvailableCapacity
of 80. Group G7 comes online on Server3 with AvailableCapacity of 70 and G8 comes
online on Server2 with AvailableCapacity of 60.
The cluster configuration now resembles:

Server1 50 G1 and G6
In this configuration, Server2 fires the loadwarning trigger after 600 seconds because it is
at the default LoadWarningLevel of 80 percent.

Failure Scenario
In the first failure scenario, Server4 fails. Group G4 chooses Server1 because Server1 and
Server3 have AvailableCapacity of 50 and Server1 is lexically first. Group G5 then comes
online on Server3. Serializing the failover choice allows complete load-based control and
adds less than one second to the total failover time.
Following the first failure, the configuration now resembles:

Server1 40 G1, G6, and G4
Server3 0 G3, G7, and G5
In this configuration, Server3 fires the loadwarning trigger to notify that the server is
overloaded. An administrator can then switch group G7 to Server1 to balance the load
across groups G1 and G3. When Server4 is repaired, it rejoins the cluster with an
AvailableCapacity value of 100, making it the most eligible target for a failover group.
Cascading Failure Scenario

If Server3 fails before Server4 can be repaired, group G3 chooses Server1, group G5
chooses Server2, and group G7 chooses Server1. This results in the following
configuration:

Server1 -10 G1, G6, G4, G3, and G7
Server2 -30 G2, G8, and G5
Server1 fires the loadwarning trigger to notify that it is overloaded.

Sample Configuration: Complex Four-Node Cluster

The cluster in this example has two large enterprise servers (LargeServer1 and
LargeServer2) and two medium-sized servers (MedServer1 and MedServer2). It has four
service groups, G1 through G4, with various loads and prerequisites. Groups G1 and G2
are database applications with specific shared memory and semaphore requirements.
Groups G3 and G4 are middle-tier applications with no specific memory or semaphore
requirements.
include "types.cf"
cluster SGWM-demo (
)
Capacity = 200
)
Capacity = 200
LoadWarningLevel=70
LoadTimeThreshold=300
)
system MedServer1 (
Capacity = 100
)
system MedServer2 (
Capacity = 100
)

group G1 (
SystemList = { LargeServer1, LargeServer2, MedServer1, MedServer2 }
SystemZones = { LargeServer1=0, LargeServer2=0, MedServer1=1,
MedServer2=1 }
AutoStartList = { LargeServer1, LargeServer2 }
Load = 100
)
group G2 (
MedServer2=1 }
AutoStartList = { LargeServer1, LargeServer2 }
Load = 100
)
group G3 (
MedServer2=1 }
Load = 30
)
group G4 (
MedServer2=1 }
Load = 20
)

AutoStart Operation
In this configuration, the AutoStart sequence resembles:
G1—LargeServer1
G2—LargeServer2
G3—MedServer1
G4—MedServer2
All groups begin a probe sequence when the cluster starts. Groups G1 and G2 have an
AutoStartList of LargeServer1 and LargeServer2. When these groups probe, they are
queued to go online on one of these servers, based on highest AvailableCapacity value. If
G1 probes first, it chooses LargeServer1 because LargeServer1 and LargeServer2 both
have an AvailableCapacity of 200, but LargeServer1 is lexically first. Groups G3 and G4
use the same algorithm to determine their servers.
Normal Operation
The configuration resembles:
Server AvailableCapacity CurrentLimits Online Groups

LargeServer1 100 ShrMemSeg=10 G1
Semaphores=5
Processors=6
LargeServer2 100 ShrMemSeg=10 G2
Semaphores=5
Processors=6
MedServer1 70 ShrMemSeg=10 G3
Semaphores=5
Processors=6
Semaphores=5
Processors=6

Failure Scenario
In this scenario, if LargeServer2 fails, VCS scans all available systems in group G2’s
SystemList that are in the same SystemZone and creates a subset of systems that meet the
group’s prerequisites. In this case, LargeServer1 meets all required Limits. Group G2 is
brought online on LargeServer1. This results in the following configuration:

LargeServer1 0 ShrMemSeg=0 G1, G2
Semaphores=0
Processors=0
Semaphores=5
Processors=6
Semaphores=5
Processors=6
After 10 minutes (LoadTimeThreshold = 600) VCS fires the loadwarning trigger on

LargeServer1 because the LoadWarningLevel exceeds 90 percent.

In this scenario, another system failure can be tolerated because each system has sufficient
Limits to accommodate the service group running on its peer. If MedServer1 fails, its
groups can fail over to MedServer2.
If LargeServer1 fails, the failover of the two groups running on it is serialized. The first
group lexically, G1, chooses MedServer2 because the server meets the required Limits and
has AvailableCapacity value. Group G2 chooses MedServer1 because it is the only
remaining system that meets the required Limits.

Sample Configuration: Server Consolidation

The following configuration has a complex eight-node cluster running multiple
applications and large databases. The database servers, LargeServer1, LargeServer2, and
LargeServer3, are enterprise systems. The middle-tier servers running multiple
applications are MedServer1, MedServer2, MedServer3, MedServer4, and MedServer5.
In this configuration, the database zone (system zone 0) can handle a maximum of two
failures. Each server has Limits to support a maximum of three database service groups.
The application zone has excess capacity built into each server.
The servers running the application groups specify Limits to support one database, even
though the application groups do not run prerequisites. This allows a database to fail over
across system zones and run on the least-loaded server in the application zone.
include "types.cf"
cluster SGWM-demo (
)
Capacity = 200
)
Capacity = 200
LoadWarningLevel=80
)
Capacity = 200
LoadWarningLevel=80
)
system MedServer1 (
Capacity = 100
)

system MedServer2 (
Capacity = 100
)
system MedServer3 (
Capacity = 100
)
system MedServer4 (
Capacity = 100
)
system MedServer5 (
Capacity = 100
)
group Database1 (
SystemList = { LargeServer1, LargeServer2, LargeServer3,
MedServer1, MedServer2, MedServer3, MedServer4, MedServer5 }
SystemZones = { LargeServer1=0, LargeServer2=0, LargeServer3=0,
MedServer1=1, MedServer2=1, MedServer3=1, MedServer4=1,
MedServer5=1 }
AutoStartList = { LargeServer1, LargeServer2, LargeServer3 }
Load = 100
)
group Database2 (
MedServer5=1 }
Load = 100
)

group Database3 (
SystemZones = { LargeServer=0, LargeServer2=0, LargeServer3=0,
MedServer5=1 }
Load = 100
)
group Application1 (
MedServer5=1 }
AutoStartList = { MedServer1, MedServer2, MedServer3, MedServer4,
MedServer5 }
Load = 50
)
MedServer5=1 }
MedServer5 }
Load = 50
)

MedServer5=1 }
MedServer5 }
Load = 50
)
MedServer5=1 }
MedServer5 }
Load = 50
)
MedServer5=1 }
MedServer5 }
Load = 50
)

AutoStart Operation
Based on the preceding main.cf example, the AutoStart sequence resembles:
Database1 LargeServer1
Application1 MedServer1
Normal Operation
The configuration resembles:

LargeServer1 100 ShrMemSeg=10 Database1
Semaphores=20
Processors=12
Semaphores=20
Processors=12
Semaphores=20
Processors=12
MedServer1 50 ShrMemSeg=5 Application1
Semaphores=10
Processors=6
Semaphores=10
Processors=6
Semaphores=10
Processors=6


Semaphores=10
Processors=6
Semaphores=10
Processors=6
Failure Scenario
In the following example, LargeServer3 fails. VCS scans all available systems in the
SystemList for the Database3 group for systems in the same SystemZone and identifies
systems that meet the group’s prerequisites. In this case, LargeServer1 and LargeServer2
meet the required Limits. Database3 is brought online on LargeServer1. This results in the
following configuration:

Semaphores=10 Database3
Processors=6
Semaphores=20
Processors=12
In this scenario, further failure of either system can be tolerated because each has
sufficient Limits available to accommodate the additional service group.

If the performance of a database is unacceptable with two database groups running on a
single server, the SystemZones policy can help expedite performance. Failing over a
database group into the application zone has the effect of resetting the group’s preferred
zone. For example, in the above scenario Database3 was moved to LargeServer1. The
administrator could reconfigure the application zone to move two application groups to a
single system. The database application can then be switched to the empty application
server (MedServer1–MedServer5), which would put Database3 in Zone1 (application
zone). If a failure occurs in Database3, the group selects the least-loaded server in the
application zone for failover.


The Role of Service Group Dependencies 12
A service group dependency provides a mechanism by which two service groups can be
linked by a dependency rule. In a service group dependency:
◆ A service group that depends on other service groups is a parent group.
◆ A service group on which other service groups depend is a child group.
◆ A service group can function as both parent and child.
Parent and child service groups are linked by a rule. This link defines the behavior of the
groups when one of them faults. A link can be configured according to the following
criteria:
◆ The category of the dependency, such as online or offline (described in “Categories of
Service Group Dependencies” on page 387).
◆ The location of the dependency, such as local, global, or remote (described in
“Location of Dependency” on page 388).
◆ The type of dependency, such as soft, firm, or hard (described in “Type of
Dependency” on page 389).
Each service group dependency can be associated with a category, location, and type. For
example, you could have an online local soft dependency. Note that all combinations of
category, location, and dependency type are not supported.
Based on the type of link, VCS brings the parent/child service group online or takes it
offline when one of the linked service groups faults.The link also controls the location
where VCS brings a group online following events such as a resource fault, automatic
group start, system shutdown, etc.
385
Why Configure a Service Group Dependency?
Why Configure a Service Group Dependency?

While defining a cluster configuration, typically a service group and an application have a
one-to-one relationship. For example, a service group hosts an application, or an
application is contained within a service group. In a distributed computing environment
there may be multiple applications running within a cluster, and one application may
depend on another. For example, a database server may have several database
applications depending on its services. In such situations, it is imperative that a
dependency rule be specified for how groups are brought online and taken offline.
For example, you can define a rule that requires a database server (a child group) to be
online before any or all database applications (parent group) can be brought online. You
can also define a rule that requires database applications to fail over when the database
server faults.
Note Configuring service group dependencies adds complexity to your configuration.

We strongly recommend evaluating various scenarios before implementing group
dependencies in your environment. In general, an application and its resources
should be contained within a single service group. Group dependency helps
leverage failover scenarios when multiple applications are configured in a cluster.

Categories of Service Group Dependencies
Categories of Service Group Dependencies

Dependency categories determine the relationship of the parent group with the state of
the child group.
Online Group Dependency

In an online group dependency, the parent group must wait for the child group to be
brought online before it can start. For example, to configure a database application and a
database service as two separate groups, you would specify the database application as
the parent, and the database service as the child. The following illustration shows an
online local soft dependency (described in “Soft Dependency” on page 389).
Parent Group
Database
Application
local soft
online
Database
Service
Child Group
Offline Group Dependency

In an offline group dependency, the parent group can be started only if the child group is
offline and vice versa. This prevents conflicting applications from running on the same
system. For example, to configure a production application on one system and a test
application on another, the test application must be the parent, and the production
application must be the child. An offline local dependency prevents the test and production
applications from coming online on the same system at a time.
Public Network
Child Group
offline
Production Test
Application local Application
Parent Group
System A System B
Private Networks
Chapter 12, The Role of Service Group Dependencies 387

Location of Dependency
Location of Dependency
The location of the dependency determines the relative location of parent and child
groups. In the following examples, parent and child groups can be failover or parallel, as
described in “Service Groups” on page 11.
Local Dependency
In a local dependency, an instance of the parent group depends on an instance of the child
group being online or offline on the same system. For example, in an online local
dependency, a child group must be online on a system before the parent group can come
online on the same system.
Global Dependency
In a global dependency an instance of the parent group depends on one or more instances
of the child group being online on any system. In an online global dependency, the child
group must be online somewhere in the cluster before the parent group can come online.
Remote Dependency
In a remote dependency an instance of parent group depends on one or more instances of
the child group being online on any system other than the system on which the parent is
online. For example, for the parent to come online on System A, the child must be online
on any system in the cluster except System A.

Type of Dependency
Type of Dependency
The type of dependency defines the rigidity of the link between parent and child groups.
There are three dependency types: soft, firm and hard.
Soft Dependency
In a soft dependency, VCS imposes minimal constraints while onlining parent/child
groups. The only constraint is that child group must be online prior to the parent group
being brought online; the location of the dependency determines where the child group
must be online. For example, in an online local soft dependency, an instance of the child
group must be online on the same system before the parent group can come online.
Soft dependency provides the following enhanced flexibility:
◆ If the child group faults, VCS does not immediately take the parent offline. If the child
group cannot fail over, the parent remains online.
◆ When both groups are online, the child group can be taken offline while the parent is
online and vice versa (the parent group can be taken offline while the child is online).
◆ To link a parent and child group, the child group is not required to be online if the
parent is online. However, if the child group is also online, the parent and child may
not be linked in such a way that their online states conflict with the type of link
between parent and child.
The location of the link (local, global, or remote) designates whether or not a parent group
will fail over after a fault and failover of the child group.
Firm Dependency
Firm dependency means VCS imposes more constraints when onlining parent/child
groups. The child group must be online prior to the parent group being brought online; the
location of the dependency determines where the child group must be online. In addition
to the constraints imposed by soft dependency, firm dependency also includes the
following constraints:
◆ If the child group faults, the parent is taken offline. If the child cannot fail over, the
parent remains offline. However, if the child group faults and the parent group is
frozen, the parent remains in its original state.
◆ The child group cannot be taken offline while the parent group is online. However,
the parent group can be taken offline while the child is online.
◆ To link a parent and child group with firm dependency, the parent group must be
offline or the parent and child group must be online in such a way that their online
states do not conflict with the type of link between parent and child.

Type of Dependency
Both soft and firm dependencies allow that if the parent group faults, the child group does
not. The parent group may or may not fail over, depending on the link constraints and
locations (such as online local versus online global). See “Service Group Dependency
Configurations” on page 391 for more information.
Hard Dependency
A hard dependency imposes maximum constraints on linked service groups and provides
a closer relationship between parent and child groups. In a hard dependency, the child
and the parent groups fail over to the same system together when either the child or the
parent faults.
The following restrictions apply when configuring a hard dependency:

◆ Only online local hard dependencies are supported.
◆ Only a single-level, parent-child relationship can be configured as a hard
dependency.
◆ Bringing the child group online does not automatically bring the parent online.
◆ Taking the parent group offline does not automatically take the child offline.
◆ Bringing the parent online is prohibited if the child is offline.

Service Group Dependency Configurations

This section describes the dependency configurations and the actions performed by
parent and child groups according to dependency type and location. This section also
includes a list of frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding each dependency.
See “Dependencies in Failover and Parallel Service Groups” on page 405 for detailed
information about group dependencies in different types of service groups.
Online Local Dependency

In an online local dependency, a child group must be online on a system before a parent
service group can come online on the same system.
Online Local Failover System for Child Group No Failover System for Child
Group
Child Fails Soft ◆ Child faults. ◆ Child faults.

◆ Child fails over to available ◆ No failover for parent.
system. ◆ Parent continues to run on
◆ Parent fails over to same system original system.
as child.
Firm ◆ Child faults. ◆ Child faults.

◆ Parent taken offline. ◆ Parent taken offline.
◆ Child fails over and starts. ◆ Both groups die.
◆ Parent starts on system with
child.
Hard ◆ Child faults. ◆ Child faults.

◆ Parent is taken offline. ◆ Parent is taken offline.
◆ Child fails over to available
system.
◆ Parent starts on same system as
child.

Online Local Failover System for Parent Group No Failover System for Parent
Group
Parent Fails Soft ◆ Parent faults. ◆ Parent faults.

◆ No failover for parent. ◆ No failover for parent.
◆ Child continues to run on ◆ Child continues to run on original
original system. system.
Firm ◆ Parent faults. ◆ Parent faults.

◆ No failover for parent. ◆ No failover for parent.
Hard ◆ Parent faults. ◆ Parent faults.

◆ Child fails over to available ◆ Child continues to run on original
system. system.
◆ Parent fails over to same system
as child.
FAQ for Online Local Dependency

◆ Can parent group be brought online when child group is offline? Firm=No Soft=No.
◆ Can child group be taken offline when parent group is online? Firm=No Soft=No.
◆ Can parent group be switched while child group is running? Firm=No Soft=No.
◆ Can child group be switched while parent group is running? Firm=No Soft=No.

Online Global Dependency

In an online global dependency, a child group must be online on a system in the cluster
before the parent group can come online.
Online Global Failover System for Child Group No Failover System for Child
Group

◆ Child fails over. ◆ Child dies.
◆ Parent continues to run on ◆ Parent continues to run on
original system. original system.

◆ Child fails over. ◆ Both groups die.
◆ Parent restarts on a system
based on the service group’s
failover policy.
Online Global Failover System for Parent Group No Failover System for Parent
Group

◆ Parent fails over. ◆ Parent dies.
◆ Child continues to run. ◆ Child continues to run on original
system.

◆ Parent fails over. ◆ Parent dies.

FAQ for Online Global Dependency

◆ Can parent group be brought online when child group is offline?
Soft=No Firm=No Hard=No.
◆ Can child group be taken offline when parent group is online?
Soft=Yes Firm=No Hard= No.
◆ Can parent group be switched while child group is running?
Soft=Yes Firm=Yes Hard=Yes.
◆ Can child group be switched while parent group is running?
Soft=Yes Firm=No Hard=No.

Online Remote Dependency

In an online remote dependency, a child service group must be online on a remote system
before the parent can come online on the local system.
Online Remote Failover System for Child Group No Failover System for Child
Group

◆ Child fails over. ◆ Child dies.
◆ If child fails over to the system ◆ Parent continues running.
on which parent was online, the
parent restarts on a system
different from the child.
Otherwise, parent continues to
run on original system.

◆ Child fails over. ◆ Both groups die.
◆ If child fails over to the system
on which the parent was online,
the parent restarts on a system
different from the child.
Otherwise, parent restarts on
original system.

Online Remote Failover System for Parent Group No Failover System for Parent
Group

◆ Parent fails over to system ◆ Parent dies.
without child. If the only system ◆ Child continues running.
available is where child is
running, parent is not brought
online.

without child. If the only system ◆ Child continues running.
available is where child is
running, parent is not brought
online.
FAQ for Online Remote Dependency

◆ Can parent group be brought online when child group is offline? Firm=No Soft=No.
◆ Can child group be taken offline when parent group is online? Firm=No Soft=Yes.
◆ Can parent group be switched while child group is running? Firm=Yes, but not to
system on which child is running. Soft=Yes, but not to system on which child is
running.
◆ Can child group be switched while parent group is running? Firm=No Soft=Yes, but
not to system on which parent is running.

Offline Local Dependency

In an offline local dependency, the parent service group can be started only if the child
service group is offline on the local system. Similarly, the child can be started only if the
parent group is offline on the local system.
Offline Local Failover System for Child Group No Failover System for Child Group
Child Fails ◆ Child faults. ◆ Child faults.

◆ If child fails over to system on ◆ Parent continues running.
which parent is running, parent is (This happens if child group is already
taken offline. faulted on the system where parent was
◆ If parent is taken offline, it starts running. Child has no available
on another system, if available. systems.)
Offline Local Failover System for Parent Group No Failover System for Parent Group
Parent Fails ◆ Parent faults. ◆ Parent faults.

without child. ◆ Child continues running.
FAQ for Offline Local Dependency

◆ Can parent group be brought online when child group is offline? Yes.
◆ Can child group be taken offline when parent group is online? Yes.
◆ Can parent group be switched while the child group is running? Yes, but not to
system on which child is running.
◆ Can child group be switched while the parent group is running? Yes, but not to
system on which parent is running.

Linking Service Groups (Online/Offline Dependencies)
Linking Service Groups (Online/Offline Dependencies)

You can link service groups from the command line or from the Java and Web consoles.
This section describes the hagrp -link command.
Note that a configuration may require that a certain service group be running before
another service group can be brought online. For example, a group containing resources
of a database service must be running before the database application is brought online.
To link service groups:
# hagrp -link parent_group child_group gd_category
gd_location gd_type
The variable parent_group is the name of a service group.

The variable child_group is the name of a service group.
The variable gd_category is the category of group dependency (online/offline).
The variable gd_location is the boundary of parent_group-child_group link
(local/global/remote).
The optional variable gd_type is the type of group dependency (soft/firm/hard).
Note While configuring group dependencies, if dependency type (soft/firm/hard) is

omitted, the group dependency defaults to firm.
Configuring Service Group Dependencies

To configure a service group dependency, place the requires clause in the service group
declaration within the VCS configuration file, before the resource dependency
specifications, and after the resource declarations. For example:
◆ To configure groupx and groupy as an online local firm dependency:
group groupx (...group definition...)...resource declarations...
requires group groupy online local firm...resource dependencies...
◆ To configure groupx and groupy as an online global soft dependency:

group groupx (...group definition...)...resource declarations...
requires group groupy online global soft...resource dependencies...

Automatic Actions for Service Group Dependencies
Automatic Online
If a service group is configured to start automatically on a system, it is brought online only
if the group’s dependency requirements are met. This implies that in an online local
dependency, parent groups are brought online only after all child groups are brought
online.
AutoRestart
If a persistent resource on a service group (GROUP_1 in this example) faults, the service
group is automatically failed over to another system in the cluster under the following
conditions:
◆ The AutoFailOver attribute is set.
◆ There is another system in the cluster to which GROUP_1 can fail over.
If neither of the above conditions is met (the AutoFailOver attribute is not set or other
systems in the cluster are unavailable), GROUP_1 remains offline and faulted, even after
the faulted resource becomes online.
Setting the AutoRestart attribute enables a service group to be brought back online
without manual intervention. In the above example, setting the AutoRestart attribute for
GROUP_1 would enable VCS to bring the group back online, after the resource came
online on the system where the resource faulted.
Or, if GROUP_1 could not fail over to another system because none was available, setting
the AutoRestart attribute would enable VCS to bring the group back online on the first
available system after the group’s faulted resource came online on that system.
For example, NIC is a persistent resource. In some cases, when a system boots and VCS
starts, VCS probes all resources on the system. It is possible that when VCS probes the
NIC resource, the resource may not yet be online because the networking is not up and
fully operational. When this occurs, VCS will mark the NIC resource as faulted, and will
not bring the service group online. However, when the NIC resource becomes online and
if AutoRestart is enabled, the service group is brought online.

Automatic Failover
A failover occurs when a service group faults and is migrated to another system or when
a system crashes. For service groups with dependencies, the following actions occur
during failover
1. The service group is taken offline along with any of its parent service groups that
have an online firm or hard dependency (online local firm, online global firm, online
remote firm, or online local hard).
2. A failover target is chosen from the SystemList of the service group based on the
failover policy and the restrictions brought by the service group dependencies.
If the faulted service group is also the parent service group in a service group
dependency relationship, the service group dependency has an impact on the choice
of a target system. For example, if the faulted service group has an online local (firm
or soft) dependency with a child service group that is online only on that system, no
failover targets are available.
3. If there are no other systems the service group can fail over to, the child service group
and the parents that were taken offline remain offline. Note that for soft
dependencies, when child group faults and cannot fail over, the parent group remains
online.
4. If there is a failover target, then VCS takes any child service group with an online local
hard dependency offline.
5. VCS then checks if there are any conflicting parent service groups that are already
online on the target system. These service groups can be parent service groups that
are linked with an offline local dependency or online remote soft dependency. In
either case, the parent service group is taken offline to enable the child service group
to start on that system.
6. If there is any child service group with an online local hard dependency, first the child
service group and then the service group that initiated the failover are brought online.
7. After the service group is brought online successfully on the target system, VCS takes
any parent service groups offline that have an online local soft dependency to the
failed-over child.
8. Finally, VCS selects a failover target for any parent service groups that may have been
taken offline during steps 1, 5, or 7 and brings the parent service group online on an
available system.

9. If there are no target systems available to fail over the parent service group that has
been taken offline, the parent service group remains offline.

Manual Operations for Service Group Dependencies

You can manually bring a service group online, take it offline, or fail it over using the
hagrp -online, -offline, and -switch commands.
Manual Online
Basic rules governing how to manually bring a service group online also apply to service
groups with dependencies. Additionally, the following rules apply for service groups
configured with dependencies. For example:
◆ For online dependencies, a parent group cannot be brought online manually if the
child is not online.
◆ For online local dependencies, a parent group cannot be brought online manually on
any system other than the system on which the child is online.
◆ For online remote dependencies, a parent group cannot be brought online manually
on the system on which the child is online.
◆ For offline local dependencies, a parent group cannot be brought online manually on
the system on which the child is online.
Typically, bringing a child group online manually is never rejected, except under the
following circumstances:
◆ For online local dependencies, if parent is online, a child group online is rejected for
any system other than the system where parent is online.
◆ For online remote dependencies, if parent is online, a child group online is rejected for
the system where parent is online.
◆ For offline local dependencies, if parent is online, a child group online is rejected for
the system where parent is online.
The following examples describe situations where bringing a parallel child group online
is accepted:
◆ For a parallel child group linked online local with failover/parallel parent, multiple
instances of child group online are acceptable.
◆ For a parallel child group linked online remote with failover parent, multiple
instances of child group online are acceptable, as long as child group does not go
online on the system where parent is online.
◆ For a parallel child group linked offline local with failover/parallel parent, multiple
instances of child group online are acceptable, as long as child group does not go
online on the system where parent is online.

Manual Offline
Basic rules governing how to manually take a service group offline also apply to service
groups with dependencies. Additionally, VCS rejects manual offlining if the procedure
violates existing group dependencies. Typically, firm dependencies are more restrictive to
offlining a child group while parent group is online. Rules for manual offlining include:
◆ Parent group offline is never rejected.
◆ For all soft dependencies, child group can be offlined regardless of the state of parent
group.
◆ For all firm dependencies, if parent group is online, child group offline is rejected.
◆ For the online local hard dependency, if parent group is online, child group offline is
rejected.
Manual Switch
Switching a service group implies manually taking a service group offline on one system,
and manually bringing it back online on another system. Basic rules governing how to
manually switch a service group also apply to service group dependencies. Additionally,
VCS rejects manual switch if the group does not comply with manual offline or manual
online rules described above.

Dependency Limitations
Dependency Limitations
◆ Each parent group can link with only one child group; however, a child group can
have multiple parents.
◆ A service group dependency tree can have three levels, maximum.
groupx groupw groupx

online local
online global firm firm
groupy groupy groupu
online remote firm online global firm

online global firm
groupz groupz
◆ You cannot link two service groups whose current states violate the relationship.
◆ All link requests are accepted if all instances of parent group are offline.
◆ All online local link requests are rejected if for an instance of parent group, an
instance of child group is not online on the same system.
◆ All online remote link requests are rejected when an instance of parent group and an
instance of child group are running on the same system.
◆ All offline local link requests are rejected when an instance of parent group and an
instance of child group are running on the same system.
◆ All link requests are rejected, if parent group is online and child group is offline.
◆ All online global/online remote link requests to link two parallel groups are rejected.
◆ All online local link requests to link a parallel parent group to a failover child group
are rejected.

Dependencies in Failover and Parallel Service Groups

In the following sections the term “instance” applies to parallel groups only. If a parallel
group is online on three systems, an instance of the group is online on each system. For
failover groups, only one instance of a group is online at any time.
The following information describes situations in which a child group faults in all service
group dependencies with failover and parallel groups.
Failover Parent/Failover Child

online local soft Failover parent group soft depends on failover child group being online
on the same system.
Parent can be brought online on a system, for example, System A, only if the child is
online on System A.
✔ If the child faults, the parent is not taken offline. After the child successfully fails over
to another system, for example, System B, VCS migrates the parent to System B. If the
child cannot fail over, the parent remains online on System A.
✔ If parent faults on System A, child remains online on System A. Parent cannot fail
over anywhere.
online local firm Failover parent group firm depends on failover child group being
online on the same system.
online on System A.
✔ If the child faults, the parent is taken offline on System A. When a child successfully
fails over to another system, for example System B, VCS migrates the parent to System
B. If child cannot fail over, parent remains offline.
✔ If parent faults on System A, child remains online on System A. Parent cannot fail
over anywhere.

online local hard Failover parent group firm depends on failover child group being online
on the same system.
online on System A.
✔ If the child faults, the parent is taken offline on System A. When a child successfully
fails over to another system, for example System B, VCS migrates the parent to System
B. If child cannot fail over, parent remains offline.
✔ If parent faults on System A, child is taken offline on System A. When child
successfully fails over to System B, VCS migrates the parent to System B. If child
cannot fail over, child continues to run on System A.
online global soft Failover parent group soft depends on failover child group being
online anywhere in the cluster. Parent can be brought online as long as a child group is
running somewhere in the cluster.
✔ If the child faults, the parent remains online when the child faults and fails over. The
parent also remains online when the child faults and cannot fail over.
✔ If parent faults on System A, child remains online on System A. Parent fails over to
next-available system. If no system is available, the parent remains offline.
online global firm Failover parent group firm depends on failover child group being
online anywhere in the cluster.
Parent can be brought online as long as a child group is running somewhere in the cluster.
For example, the parent group is online on System A, and the child group is online on
System B.
✔ If the child faults on System B, the parent group on System A is taken offline. When
the child successfully fails over to another system, for example, System C, the parent
group is brought online on a suitable system. If child group cannot fail over, parent
group remains offline.
✔ If parent faults on System A, child remains online on System A. Parent fails over to
next-available system. If no system is available, the parent remains offline.

online remote soft Failover parent group soft depends on failover child group being
online on any other system in the cluster.
Parent can be brought online on any system other than the system on which the child is
online. For example if child group is online on System B, the parent group can be online
on System A.
✔ If the child faults on System B, the parent remains online on System A unless VCS
selects System A as the target system on which to bring the child group online. In that
case, the parent is taken offline. After the child successfully fails over to System A,
VCS brings the parent online on another system, for example System B. If the child
faults on System A, the parent remains online on System B unless VCS selects System
B as the target system.
online remote firm Failover parent group firm depends on failover child group being
online on any other system in the cluster.
online. For example if child group is online on System A, the parent group can be online
on System B.
✔ If the child faults on System A, the parent is taken offline on System B. After the child
successfully fails over to another system, VCS brings the parent online on a system
other than B where the child is also offline. If no other system is available and if the
child is offline on System B, the parent is restarted on System B.
✔ If the parent faults on System A, the child remains online on System B. The parent on
System A fails over to a system other than A or B. If no system is available, the parent
remains offline.
offline local Failover parent group depends on failover child group being offline on the
same system and vice versa.
Parent can be brought online on any system as long as the child is not online on the
system, and vice versa. For example, if child group is online on System B, the parent can
be brought online on System A.
✔ If the child faults on System B, and if VCS selects System A as the target on which to
bring the child online, the parent on System A is taken offline and the child is brought
online. However, if child selects System C as the target, parent remains online on
System A.
✔ If parent faults, child remains online. If there is no other system to which parent can
fail over, parent remains offline.

Failover Parent/Parallel Child

online local soft Failover parent group soft depends on an instance of the child group
being online on the same system.
Failover group can be brought online on any system, for example System A, only if an
instance of the child group is online on System A.
✔ If an instance of the child group on System A faults, the parent cannot migrate until
the child has successfully failed over. After the child fails over to another system, for
example, System B, the parent migrates to System B. If the instance of child cannot fail
over, the parent may continue to run on System A.
Consider a configuration in which instances of the child group are online on Systems A
and B and the parent group is online on System A.
✔ If the child faults, the parent group fails over to System B.
✔ If the parent faults, it fails over to System B. The child on System A remains online.
The parent group now depends on the instance of the child group on System B.
online local firm (default) Failover parent group firm depends on an instance of the child
group being online on the same system.
Failoverparent group can be brought online on any system, for example, System A, only if
an instance of the child group is online on System A.
✔ If the instance of the child group on System A faults, the parent is taken offline. After
the child has successfully failed over to another system, for example System B, the
parent then fails over to System B.
Consider a configuration in which multiple instances of the child group are online on
Systems A and B and the parent group is online on System A.
✔ If the parent faults, it fails over to System B. The child on System A remains online.
The parent group now depends on the instance of the child group on System B.
online global soft Failover parent group soft depends on all online instances of the child
remaining online.
Failover group can be brought online anywhere as long as one or more instances of the
child group are online somewhere in the cluster.
✔ If one or more instances of the child group fault, the parent remains online.
Consider that multiple instances of the child group are online on Systems A and B, and
the parent group is online on System A.
✔ If parent faults, it fails over to System B. Both instances of the child group remain
online, and the parent group maintains its dependency on the instances.

online global firm Failover parent group firm depends on all instances of the child group
being online anywhere in the cluster.
Failover group can be brought online anywhere as long as all instances of the child group
are online somewhere in the cluster. For example, if two instances of the child are online
on Systems A and B, and the parent is online on System A, if an instance of the child
group faults, the parent is taken offline on System A. After the child has successfully
failed over to System C, VCS fails over the parent group to another system. If the instance
of the child group cannot fail over, the parent may not be brought online.
Consider that multiple instances of the child group are online on Systems A and B, and
the parent group is online on System A.
✔ If parent faults, it fails over to System B. Both instances of the child group remain
online, and the parent group maintains its dependency on the instances.
online remote soft Failover parent group soft depends on all instances of the child group
being online on another system in the cluster.
online. For example if child group is online on Systems A and C, the parent group can be
online on System B.
✔ If the child faults on System A, the parent remains online on System B unless VCS
selects System B as the target system. After the child successfully fails over to System
B, VCS brings the parent online on another system, for example, System D.
✔ If parent group faults on System B, both instances of the child group remain online.
The parent group fails over to System D and maintains its dependency on both
instances of the child group.
online remote firm Failover parent group firm depends on all instances of the child
group being online on another system in the cluster.
Failover group can be brought online anywhere as long as all instances of the child group
are online on another system. For example, if a child group is online on System A and
System C, the parent group can be online on System B. When the child group on System A
faults, the parent is taken offline. After the child has successfully failed over to System B,
VCS brings the parent online on another system, for example, System D. If the child group
fails over to System D, the parent group is restarted on System B.
Note System D is selected as an example only. The parent may be restarted on Systems A,
B, or D, depending on the value of the FailOverPolicy attribute for the parent group
and the system on which the child group is online.
✔ If parent group faults on System B, both instances of the child group remain online.
The parent group fails over to System D and maintains its dependency on both
instances of the child group.

offline local Failover parent group depends on no instances of the child group being
online on the same system, and vice versa.
Failover group can be brought online anywhere as long as any instances of the child
group are not online on that system, and vice versa. For example, if the child group is
online on Systems B and C, the parent group can be brought online on SystemA. If the
child group faults on System C, and if VCS selects System A as the target on which to
bring the child group online, the parent group on System A is taken offline and the child
is brought online. However, if the child group selects System D as the target, the parent
group remains online on System A.
✔ If the parent group faults, the child group remains online. If there is no other system
to which the parent can fail over, the parent remains offline.
Parallel Parent/Failover Child

online global soft All instances of parent group soft depend on failover group.
All instances of the parent group can be online anywhere as long as the child is online
somewhere in the cluster. An instance of the parent group does not fault if an instance of
the child group faults.
online global firm All instances of parent group firm depend on failover group.
All instances of the parent group can be online anywhere as long as the child is online on
another system. For example, the child group is online on System A, the parent group is
online on Systems A and B.
✔ If the child faults, all instances of the parent group are taken offline on Systems A and
B. After the child has successfully failed over to System B, VCS fails over all instances
of the parent group on Systems A and B to other systems. If there are no available
systems, the parent group instance is restarted on the same system.
✔ If an instance of the parent group on System A faults, the child group remains online,
and the parent group fails over to System C.
online remote soft All instances of parent group soft depend on failover group on any
other system.
An instance of the parent group can be online anywhere as long as the child is online on
another system. For example, the child group is online on System A, the parent group can
be online on System B and System C.
✔ If the child group faults and VCS selects System B as the target on which to bring the
child online, the instance of the parent group running on System B is taken offline.
After the child has successfully failed over to System B, VCS brings online the failed
parent instance to another system, for example, System D.

However, if the child group failed over to System D, the parent remains online. (If
parent group on System B faults, it fails over to System D. The child group remains
online on System A.)
online remote firm (default) All instances of parent group firm depend on failover group
on any other system.
An instance of the parent group can be online anywhere as long as the child is online on
another system. For example, if the child group is online on System A, the parent group
can be online on System B and System C.
✔ If the child faults, all instances of the parent group are taken offline on System B and
System C. After the child has successfully failed over to System C, VCS fails over all
instances of the parent group on Systems A and B to other systems where the child is
also offline. If there are no available systems and if the child is offline on the same
system on which the parent was taken offline, the parent is restarted on the same
system.
offline local All instances of the parent group depend on the child group being offline on
that system and vice versa.
An instance of the parent group can be brought online anywhere as long as the child is not
online on the system, and vice versa. For example, if the child group is online on System
A, the parent group can be online on System B and System C.
✔ If the child faults on System A, and if VCS selects System B as the target on which to
bring the child online, the parent on System B is taken offline first. However, if the
child fails over to System D, the parent group remains online on Systems B and C.
✔ If the parent group faults on System B, the child group remains online on System A
and the parent group fails over to System D.

Parallel Parent/Parallel Child

online local soft An instance of the parent group soft depends on an instance of the child
group on the same system.
An instance of a parent group can be brought online on a system, for example, System A,
only if an instance of a child group is online on System A. For example, two instances of
the parent are online on System A and System B, and each instance depends on an
instance of the child being online on the same system.
✔ If the instance of the child group on System A faults, the child group fails over to
System C. After the child fails over to another system, VCS migrates the instance of
the parent group to System C. If the child cannot fail over, the parent remains online.
Other instances of the parent group are unaffected.
✔ If an instance of the parent group on System B faults, it can fail over to System C only
if an instance of the child group is running on System C and no instance of the parent
group is running on System C.
online local firm An instance of the parent group firm depends on an instance of the child
group on the same system.
An instance of a parent group can be brought online on a system, for example, System A,
only if an instance of a child group is online on System A. For example, two instances of
the parent are online on System A and System B, and each instance depends on an
instance of the child being online on the same system.
✔ If an instance of the child group on System A faults, the instance of the parent group
on System A is taken offline. After the child fails over to another system, for example,
System C, VCS brings an instance of the parent group online on System C. Other
instances of the parent group are unaffected.
✔ If an instance of the parent group on System B faults, it can fail over to System C only
if an instance of the child group is running on System C and no instance of the parent
group is running on System C.
offline local An instance of a parent group depends on an instance of a child group being
offline on the same system and vice versa.
An instance of a parent group can be brought online provided that an instance of the child
is not online on the same system and vice versa. For example, if the child group is online
on System C and System D, the parent can be online on System A and System B.
✔ If the child on System C faults and VCS selects System A as the target on which to
bring the child group online, the instance of the parent on System A is taken offline
first.
✔ When an instance of a child group or parent group faults, it has no effect on the other
running instances.

Section IV. Administration–Beyond the Basics
This section describes the advanced VCS functionality of notification and event triggers.
Section IV includes the following chapters:
◆ Chapter 13. “Notification” on page 415
◆ Chapter 14. “VCS Event Triggers” on page 431

Notification 13
VCS provides a method for notifying important events such as resource or system faults
to administrators or designated recipients. VCS includes a “notifier” component, which
consists of the notifier process and the hanotify utility.
How Notification Works

The notifier process receives notification from HAD, formats the notification, and
generates an SNMP (V2) trap or sends an email to the designated recipient, or does both.
If you have configured owners for resources, groups, or for the cluster, VCS also notifies
owners of events affecting their resources. A resource owner is notified of resource-related
events, a group owner of group-related events, and so on. See the appendix “VCS
Attributes” for descriptions of the attributes that define owners for cluster objects.
There are four severity levels: SevereError, Error, Warning, and Information. SevereError
indicates the highest severity level, Information the lowest. Note that these severity levels
are case-sensitive.
SNMP
SMTP
Warning SNMP
SMTP Error
SevereError
Information
notifier
HAD HAD
System A System B
415
SNMP traps sent by VCS are forwarded to the SNMP console. Typically, traps are
predefined for events such as service group or resource faults. You can use the hanotify
utility to send additional traps.
Event Messages and Severity Levels

When the VCS engine, HAD, starts up, it is initially configured to queue all messages as
Information, the lowest severity level. However, when notifier connects to VCS, the
severity communicated by notifier to HAD is one of the following, depending on which is
the lowest:
◆ lowest severity for SNMP options
◆ lowest severity for SMTP options
If notifier is started from the command line without specifying a severity level for the
SNMP console or SMTP recipients, notifier communicates the default severity level
Warning to HAD. If notifier is configured under VCS control, severity must be specified.
See the description of the NotifierMngr agent in the VERITAS Cluster Server Bundled
Agents Reference Guide.
For example, if the following severities are specified for notifier:
◆ Warning for email recipient 1
◆ Error for email recipient 2
◆ SevereError for SNMP console
Notifier communicates the minimum severity, Warning, to HAD, which then queues all
messages labelled severity level Warning and greater.
Notifier ensures the recipient gets only the messages that he or she has been designated to
receive (according to the specified severity level). However, until notifier communicates
the specifications to HAD, HAD stores all messages, because it does not know the severity
the user has specified. This prevents messages from being lost between the time HAD
stores them and notifier communicates the specifications to HAD.

Persistent and Replicated Message Queue

VCS includes a sophisticated mechanism for maintaining event messages that ensures
messages are not lost. On each node, VCS queues messages to be sent to the notifier
process. This queue is guaranteed persistent as long as VCS is running and the contents of
this queue remain the same on each node. Therefore, if the group with notifier configured
as a resource fails on one of the nodes, notifier is failed over to another node in the cluster.
Because the message queue is guaranteed to be consistent and replicated across nodes,
notifier can resume message delivery from where it left off after it fails over to the new
node.
How HAD Deletes Messages

The VCS engine, HAD, stores messages to be sent to notifier. These messages are deleted
by HAD under the following conditions:
◆ The message has been in the queue for one hour and notifier is unable to deliver the
message to the recipient. (This also means, that until notifier connects to HAD,
messages are stored permanently in the queue until one of the following conditions
are met.)
or
◆ The message queue is full and to make room for the latest message, the earliest
message is deleted.
or
◆ VCS receives a message acknowledgement from notifier when notifier has delivered
the message to at least one designated recipient. For example, if two SNMP consoles
and two email recipients are designated, and notifier can send the message to only
one email recipient because the other three were configured incorrectly, notifier sends
an acknowledgement to VCS, regardless that the message reached only one of the four
recipients. Error messages are also printed to the log files when delivery errors occur.
Chapter 13, Notification 417

Notification Components
This section describes the notifier process and the hanotify utility.
The Notifier Process

The notifier process configures how messages are received from VCS and how they are
delivered to SNMP consoles and SMTP servers. Using notifier, you can specify
notification based on the severity level of the events generating the messages. You can also
specify the size of the VCS message queue, which is 30 by default. You can change this
value by modifying the MessageQueue attribute. See the VCS Bundled Agents Reference
Guide for more information about this attribute.
When started from the command line, notifier is a process that VCS does not control. For
best results, use the NotifierMngr agent bundled with VCS to configure notifier as part of
a highly available service group, which can then be monitored, brought online, and taken
offline. For information on how to configure NotifierMngr, see the VERITAS Cluster Server
Bundled Agents Reference Guide. Note that notifier must be configured in a failover group,
not parallel, because only one instance of notifier runs in the entire cluster. Also note that
notifier does not respond to SNMP get or set requests; notifier is a trap generator only.
Notifier enables you to specify configurations for the SNMP manager and SMTP server,
including machine names, ports, community IDs, and recipients’ email addresses. You can
specify more than one manager or server, and the severity level of messages sent to each.
Example of notifier Command

# notifier -s m=north -s m=south,p=2000,l=Error,c=your_company
-t m=north,e="abc@your_company.com",l=SevereError
In this example, notifier:
◆ Sends all level SNMP traps to north at the default SNMP port and community
value public.
◆ Sends Warning traps to north.
◆ Sends Error and SevereError traps to south at port 2000 and community value
your_company.
◆ Sends SevereError email messages to north as SMTP server at default port and to
email recipient abc@your_company.com.

The hanotify Utility

The hanotify utility enables you to construct user-defined messages. These messages are
then forwarded by hanotify to HAD, which in turn stores them in its internal message
queue. Along with other messages, user-defined messages are also forwarded to the
notifier process for delivery to email recipients, SNMP consoles, or both.
notifier
hanotify
Queue Queue
had had
System A System B
Example of hanotify Command

# hanotify -i 1.3.6.1.4.1.1302.3.8.10.2.8.0.10 -l Warning -n
agentres -T 7 -t "custom agent" -o 4 -S sys1 -L mv -p sys2 -P
mv -c MyAgent -C 7 -O johndoe -m "Custom message"
In this example, the number 1.3.6.1.4.1.1302.3.8.10.2.8.0.10 is the OID for the message
being sent. Because it is a user-defined message, VCS has no way of knowing the OID
associated with the SNMP trap corresponding to this message so the user must provide it.
The other parameters to hanotify specify the message is severity level Warning. The
systems affected are sys1 and sys2. Running this command sends a custom message for
the resource agentres from the agent MyAgent.

VCS Events and Traps

The tables below specify which events generate traps, email notification, or both. Note
that SevereError indicates the highest severity level, Information the lowest. Traps specific
to global clusters are ranked from Critical, the highest severity, to Normal, the lowest.
Clusters
Event Severity Level Description
Remote cluster has faulted. Error The trap for this event includes information
(Global Cluster Option) on how to take over the global service
groups running on the remote cluster before
the cluster faulted.
Heartbeat is down. Error The connector on the local cluster lost its
heartbeat connection to the remote cluster.
Remote cluster is in RUNNING state. Information Local cluster has complete snapshot of the
(Global Cluster Option) remote cluster, indicating the remote cluster
is in the RUNNING state.
Heartbeat is “alive.” Information Self-explanatory.

(Global Cluster Option)
User has logged on to VCS. Information A user log on has been recognized because a
user logged on via Cluster Manager, or
because a haxxx command was invoked.
Agents
Agent is faulted. Warning The agent has faulted on one node in the
cluster.
Agent is restarting Information VCS is restarting the agent.

Resources
Resource state is unknown. Warning VCS cannot identify the state of the
resource.
Resource monitoring has timed Warning Monitoring mechanism for the resource has
out. timed out.
Resource is not going offline. Warning VCS cannot take the resource offline.
Health of cluster resource declined. Warning Used by agents to give additional

information on the state of a resource.
Health of the resource declined while it was
online.
Resource went online by itself. Warning (not for The resource was brought online on its own.
first probe)
Resource has faulted. Error Self-explanatory.
Resource is being restarted by Information The resource is being restarted by its agent.
agent.
The health of cluster resource Information Used by agents to give extra information
improved. about state of resource. Health of the
resource improved while it was online.
Resource monitor time has Warning This trap is generated when statistics
changed. analysis for the time taken by the monitor
entry point of an agent is enabled for the
agent. See “VCS Agent Statistics” on
This trap is generated when the agent
framework detects a sudden or gradual
increase or decrease in the time taken to run
the monitor entry point for a resource. The
trap information contains details of the
change in time required to run the monitor
entry point and the actual times that were
compared to deduce this change.
Resource is in ADMIN_WAIT state. Error The resource is in the admin_wait state. See
“Controlling Clean Behavior on Resource
Faults” on page 346 for more information.

Systems
VCS is being restarted by Warning Self-explanatory.

hashadow.
VCS is in jeopardy. Warning One node running VCS is in jeopardy.
VCS is up on the first node in the Information Self-explanatory.

cluster.
VCS has faulted. SevereError Self-explanatory.
A node running VCS has joined Information Self-explanatory.

cluster.
VCS has exited manually. Information VCS has exited gracefully from one node on
which it was previously running.
CPU usage exceeded threshold on Warning The system’s CPU usage continuously
the system. exceeded the value set in the Notify
threshold for a duration greater than the
Notify time limit. See “Bringing a Resource
Online” on page 557 for more information.

Service Groups
Service group has faulted. Error Self-explanatory.
Service group concurrency SevereError A failover service group has become online
violation. on more than one node in the cluster.
Service group has faulted and SevereError Specified service group has faulted on all
cannot be failed over anywhere. nodes where group could be brought online,
and there are no nodes to which the group
can fail over.
Service group is online Information Self-explanatory.
Service group is offline. Information Self-explanatory.
Service group is autodisabled. Information VCS has autodisabled the specified group
because one node exited the cluster.
Service group is restarting. Information Self-explanatory.
Service group is being switched. Information The service group is being taken offline on
one node and being brought online on
another.
Service group restarting in Information Self-explanatory.

response to persistent resource
going online.
The global service group is SevereError A concurrency violation occurred for the
online/partial on multiple clusters. global service group.
(Global Cluster Option)
Attributes for global service Error The attributes ClusterList, AutoFailOver,

groups are mismatched. and Parallel are mismatched for the same
(Global Cluster Option) global service group on different clusters.

SNMP-Specific Files
VCS includes two SNMP-specific files: vcs.mib and vcs_trapd, which are created in
/etc/VRTSvcs/snmp. The file vcs.mib is the textual MIB for built-in traps supported
by VCS. Load this MIB into your SNMP console to add it to the list of recognized traps.
The file vcs_trapd is specific to the HP OpenView Network Node Manager (NNM)
SNMP console, and includes sample events configured for the built-in SNMP traps
supported by VCS. To merge these events with those configured for SNMP traps:
# xnmevents -merge vcs_trapd
When you merge events, the SNMP traps sent by VCS by way of notifier are displayed in
HP OpenView NNM SNMP console, as shown below.
Note For more information on xnmevents, see the HP OpenView documentation.

Trap Variables in VCS MIB

This section describes trap variables in VCS MIB. Traps sent by VCS are reversible to
SNMPv2 after an SNMPv2 -> SNMPv1 conversion.
For reversible translations between SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 trap PDUs, the second-last ID
of the SNMP trap OID must be zero. This ensures that once you make a forward translation
(SNMPv2 trap -> SNMPv1; RFC 2576 Section 3.2), the reverse translation (SNMPv1 trap -->
SNMPv2 trap; RFC 2576 Section 3.1) is accurate.
In earlier versions of VCS, this ID was not zero. The VCS notifier follows this guideline by
using OIDs with second-last ID as zero, enabling reversible translations.
severityId
This variable indicates the severity of the trap being sent. It can take the following values:
Severity Level and Description Value in Trap PDU
Information 0
Important events exhibiting normal behavior
Warning 1
Deviation from normal behavior
Error 2
A fault
Severe Error 3
Critical error that can lead to data loss or corruption

entityType and entitySubType

These variables specify additional information about the entity.
Entity Type Entity Sub-type
Resource String. For example, disk.
Group The type of the group:

◆ Failover
◆ Parallel
System String. For example, Solaris 2.8.
Heartbeat The type of the heartbeat.
VCS String
GCO String
Agent name Agent name
entityState
This variable describes the state of the entity:
Resources States
◆ Resource state is unknown
◆ Resource monitoring has timed out
◆ Resource is not going offline
◆ Resource is being restarted by agent
◆ Resource went online by itself
◆ Resource has faulted
◆ Resource is in admin wait state
◆ Resource monitor time has changed

Service Group States

◆ Service group is online
◆ Service group is offline
◆ Service group is auto disabled
◆ Service group has faulted
◆ Service group has faulted and cannot be failed over anywhere
◆ Service group is restarting
◆ Service group is being switched
◆ Service group concurrency violation
◆ Service group is restarting in response to persistent resource going online
◆ Service group attribute value does not match corresponding remote group attribute
value
◆ Global group concurrency violation
System States
◆ VCS is up on the first node in the Cluster
◆ VCS is being restarted by hashadow
◆ VCS is in jeopardy
◆ VCS has faulted
◆ A node running VCS has joined cluster
◆ VCS has exited manually
◆ CPU Usage exceeded the threshold on the system
GCO Heartbeat states

◆ Cluster has lost heartbeat with remote cluster
◆ Heartbeat with remote cluster is alive
VCS States
◆ User has logged into VCS
◆ Cluster has faulted
◆ Cluster is in RUNNING state

Monitoring Aggregate Events
Agent States
◆ Agent is restarting
◆ Agent has faulted
Monitoring Aggregate Events

This section describes how you can detect aggregate events by monitoring individual
notifications.
Detecting Service Group Failover

VCS does not send any explicit traps when a failover occurs in response to a service group
fault. When a service group faults, VCS generates the following notifications if the
AutoFailOver attribute for the service group is set to 1:
◆ Service Group Fault for the node on which the service group was online and faulted
◆ Service Group Offline for the node on which the service group faulted
◆ Service Group Online for the node to which the service group failed over.
Detecting Service Group Switch

When a service group is switched, VCS sends notification to indicate the following events:
◆ Service group is being switched
◆ Service Group Offline for the node from which the service group is switched
◆ Service Group Online for the node to which the service group was switched. This
notification is sent after VCS completes the service group switch operation.
Note You must configure appropriate severity for the notifier to receive these
notifications. Specifically, to receive the notifications described above, the minimum
acceptable severity level is Information.

Configuring Notification
Configuring notification involves creating a resource for the Notifier Manager
(NotifierMgr) agent in the ClusterService group. See the VERITAS Cluster Server Bundled
Agents Reference Guide for more information about the agent.
VCS provides several methods for configuring notification:
◆ Manually editing the main.cf file.
◆ Using the Notifier wizard. See “Setting up VCS Event Notification Using Notifier
Wizard” on page 201 for instructions.


VCS Event Triggers 14
This chapter describes how event triggers work and how they enable the administrator to
take specific actions in response to particular events.
How Event Triggers Work

VCS determines if the event is enabled and invokes hatrigger, a high-level Perl script
located at $VCS_HOME/bin/hatrigger.
VCS also passes the name of the event trigger and the parameters specific to the event. For
example, when a service group becomes online on a system, VCS invokes
hatrigger -postonline system service_group. Note that VCS does not wait for
hatrigger or the event trigger to complete execution. After calling the triggers, VCS
continues normal operations.
Event triggers are invoked by event names, for example violation denotes a
concurrency violation.
Event triggers are invoked on the system where the event occurred, with the following
exceptions:
◆ The sysoffline and nofailover event triggers are invoked from the lowest-numbered
system in RUNNING state.
◆ The violation event trigger is invoked from all systems on which the service group
was brought partially or fully online.
Using Event Triggers

VCS provides a sample Perl script in $VCS_HOME/bin/sample_triggers for each
event trigger. These scripts can be customized according to your requirements: you may
write your own Perl scripts.
Note You must move the triggers to $VCS_HOME/bin/triggers to use them.
431
List of Event Triggers

The information in the following sections describes the various event triggers, including
their usage, parameters, and location.
cpuusage Event Trigger
Usage - cpuusage triggertype system cpu_usage
The variable triggertype represents whether trigger is custom (triggertype=0) or

internal (triggertype=1).
If 0, the trigger is invoked from /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/triggers/cpuusage
If 1, the system reboots by invoking the trigger from
/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/internal_triggers/cpuusage
The variable system represents the name of the system.
The variable cpu_usage represents the percentage of CPU utilization on the system.
Description This trigger is invoked on the system where CPU usage has exceeded the usage
configured in the ActionThreshold value of the system’s CPUUsageMonitoring
attribute. For details, see “Bringing a Resource Online” on page 557.
This event trigger is configurable.
To enable this trigger, set following values in the system’s CPUUsageMonitoring
attribute:
Enabled = 1
ActionTimeLimit = Non-zero value representing time in seconds.
ActionThreshold = Non-zero value representing CPU percentage utilization.
Action = CUSTOM, trigger is invoked from /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/triggers/cpuusage.
REBOOT, trigger is invoked from
/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/internal_triggers/cpuusage and system reboots.
The trigger is invoked when the system’s CPU usage exceeds the value in
ActionThreshold for a duration longer than configured in ActionTimeLimit,
provided the trigger was not invoked previously on the system within the last five
minutes.
To disable the trigger set one of the following values in CPUUsageMonitoring
system attribute to 0 for the system:
ActionTimeLimit = 0
ActionThreshold = 0

injeopardy Event Trigger
Usage - injeopardy triggertype system system_state

Note For this trigger, triggertype=0.
The variable system_state represents the value of the State attribute.
Description Invoked when a system is in jeopardy. Specifically, this trigger is invoked when a
system has only one remaining link to the cluster, and that link is a network link
(LLT). This is a considered a critical event because if the system loses the remaining
network link, VCS does not fail over the service groups that were online on the
system. Using this trigger to notify the administrator of the critical event enables the
administrator to take appropriate action to ensure that the system has at least two
links to the cluster.
This event trigger is non-configurable.
Chapter 14, VCS Event Triggers 433

loadwarning Event Trigger
Usage - loadwarning triggertype system available_capacity

The variable available_capacity represents the system’s AvailableCapacity attribute.
(AvailableCapacity=Capacity-sum of Load for system’s online groups.)
Description Invoked when a system becomes overloaded because the load of the system’s online
groups exceeds the system’s LoadWarningLevel attribute for an interval exceeding
the LoadTimeThreshold attribute. For example, say the Capacity is 150, the
LoadWarningLevel is 80, and the LoadTimeThreshold is 300. Also, the sum of the
Load attribute for all online groups on the system is 135. Because the
LoadWarningLevel is 80, safe load is 0.80*150=120. Actual system load is 135. If
system load stays above 120 for more than 300 seconds, the LoadWarningLevel
trigger is invoked.
Using this trigger to notify the administrator of the critical event enables him or her
to switch some service groups to another system, ensuring that no one system is
overloaded.
nofailover Event Trigger
Usage - nofailover triggertype system service_group

The variable system represents the name of the last system on which an attempt was
made to online the service group.
The variable service_group represents the name of the service group.
Description Called from the lowest-numbered system in RUNNING state when a service group
cannot fail over.

postoffline Event Trigger
Usage - postoffline triggertype system service_group

The variable service_group represents the name of the service group that went offline.
Description This event trigger is invoked on the system where the group went offline from a
partial or fully online state. This trigger is invoked when the group faults, or is taken
offline manually.
postonline Event Trigger
Usage - postonline triggertype system service_group

The variable service_group represents the name of the service group that went online.
Description This event trigger is invoked on the system where the group went online from a
partial or fully offline state.

preonline Event Trigger
Usage - preonline triggertype system service_group whyonlining

[system_where_group_faulted]

The variable service_group represents the name of the service group on which the
hagrp command was issued or the fault occurred.
The variable whyonlining represents two values:
FAULT indicates that the group was brought online in response to a group failover or
switch.
MANUAL indicates that group was brought online manually on the system
represented by the variable system.
The variable system_where_group_faulted is optional. This variable is set when the
engine invokes the trigger during a failover or switch. It represents the name of the
system on which the group has faulted or from where it is switching.
Description Indicates that HAD should not online a service group in response to an hagrp
-online command or a fault. It should instead call a user-defined script that checks
for external conditions before bringing the group online.
Note If it is OK to bring the group online, it is then the responsibility of the
PreOnline event trigger to bring the group online using the format: hagrp
-online -nopre service_group -sys system
If the trigger does not exist, VCS continues to bring the group online.
If you do want to bring the group online, define the trigger to take no action.
◆ To enable this trigger, specify PreOnline=1 within the group definition, or use:
hagrp -modify service_group PreOnline 1
◆ To disable the trigger, specify PreOnline=0 within the group definition, or use:
hagrp -modify service_group PreOnline 0

resadminwait Event Trigger
Usage - resadminwait system resource adminwait_reason

The variable resource represents the name of the faulted resource.
The variable adminwait_reason represents the reason the resource entered the
ADMIN_WAIT state. Values range from 0-5:
0 = The offline entry point did not complete within the expected time.
1 = The offline entry point was ineffective.
2 = The online entry point did not complete within the expected time.
3 = The online entry point was ineffective.
4 = The resource was taken offline unexpectedly.
5 = The monitor entry point consistently failed to complete within the expected time.
Description Invoked when a resource enters ADMIN_WAIT state. A resource enters this state when
the ManageFaults attribute for the service group is set to NONE and one of the
reasons cited above has occurred.
Note When VCS sets a resource in the ADMIN_WAIT state, it invokes the
ResAdminWait trigger according to the reason the resource entered the state.
See “Clearing Resources in the ADMIN_WAIT State” on page 361 for
instructions on clearing resources in this state.
resfault Event Trigger
Usage - resfault triggertype system resource previous_state

The variable resource represents the name of the faulted resource.
The variable previous_state represents the resource’s previous state.
Description Invoked on the system where a resource has faulted. Note that when a resource is
faulted, resources within the upward path of the faulted resource are also brought
down.

resnotoff Event Trigger
Usage - resnotoff triggertype system resource

The variable system represents the system on which the resource is not going offline.
The variable resource represents the name of the resource.
Description Invoked on the system if a resource in a service group does not go offline even after
issuing the offline command to the resource.
To configure this trigger, you must define the following:
Resource Name Define resources for which to invoke this trigger by entering their
names in the following line in the script: @resources = ("resource1",
"resource2") ;
If any of these resources do not go offline, the trigger is invoked with that resource
name and system name as arguments to the script.

resstatechange Event Trigger
Usage - resstatechange triggertype system resource previous_state new_state

The variable resource represents the name of the resource.
The variable previous_state represents the resource’s previous state.
The variable new_state represents the resource’s new state.
Description This event trigger is not enabled by default. You must enable resstatechange by
setting the attribute TriggerResStateChange to 1 in the main.cf file, or by issuing the
command:
# hagrp -modify service_group TriggerResStateChange 1
This trigger is invoked under the following conditions:

◆ Resource goes from OFFLINE to ONLINE.
◆ Resource goes from ONLINE to OFFLINE.
◆ Resource goes from ONLINE to FAULTED.
◆ Resource goes from FAULTED to OFFLINE. (When fault is cleared on non-persistent
resource.)
◆ Resource goes from FAULTED to ONLINE. (When faulted persistent resource goes
online or faulted non-persistent resource is brought online outside VCS control.)
◆ Resource is restarted by an agent because resource faulted and RestartLimit was
greater than 0.
Note Use the resstatechange trigger carefully. For example, enabling this trigger for
a service group with 100 resources means 100 hatrigger processes and 100
resstatechange processes are fired each time the group is brought online or
taken offline. Also, this is not a “wait-mode” trigger. Specifically, VCS invokes
the trigger and does not wait for trigger to return to continue operation

sysoffline Event Trigger
Usage - sysoffline system system_state

The variable system_state represents the value of the State attribute. See “System
States” on page 610 for more information.
Description Called from the lowest-numbered system in RUNNING state when a system leaves the
cluster.
unable_to_restart_had Event Trigger
Usage -unable_to_restart_had
This trigger has no arguments.

Description This event trigger is invoked by hashadow when hashadow cannot restart HAD on a
system. If HAD fails to restart after six attempts, hashadow invokes the trigger on
the system.
The default behavior of the trigger is to reboot the system. However, service groups
previously running on
the system are autodisabled when hashadow fails to restart HAD. Before these
service groups can be brought online elsewhere in the cluster, you must autoenable
them on the system. To do so, customize the unable_to_restart_had trigger to
remotely execute the following command from any node in the cluster where VCS is
running:
hagrp -autoenable service_group -sys system
For example, if hashadow fails to restart HAD on system1, and if group1 and group2
were online on that system, a trigger customized in this manner would autoenable
group1 and group2 on system1 before rebooting. Autoenabling group1 and group2 on
system1 enables these two service groups to come online on another system when the
trigger reboots system1.

violation Event Trigger
Usage - violation system service_group

The variable service_group represents the name of the service group that was fully or
partially online.
Description This trigger is invoked only on the system that caused the concurrency violation.
Specifically, it takes the service group offline on the system where the trigger was
invoked. Note that this trigger applies to failover groups only. The default trigger
takes the service group offline on the system that caused the concurrency violation.


Section V. Advanced Cluster Configurations
This section describes the advanced cluster configurations, including the VCS Global
Cluster Option, which can be used to link clusters to provide wide-area failover and
disaster recovery. It also describes how to administer and troubleshoot global clusters. The
section also describes how you can set up replicated data clusters and campus clusters.
Section V includes the following chapters:
◆ Chapter 15. “Connecting Clusters–Introducing the Global Cluster Option” on page

445
◆ Chapter 16. “Administering Global Clusters from the Command Line” on page 471
◆ Chapter 17. “Administering Global Clusters from Cluster Manager (Java

Console)” on page 483
◆ Chapter 18. “Administering Global Clusters from Cluster Manager (Web

Console)” on page 503
◆ Chapter 19. “Setting Up Replicated Data Clusters” on page 523
◆ Chapter 20. “Setting Up Campus Clusters” on page 531

Connecting Clusters–Introducing the Global
Cluster Option 15
VCS provides the option of connecting clusters to provide wide-area failover and disaster
recovery. Previously, the wide-area functionality was included in a separate product,
“Global Cluster Manager.” It has now been incorporated into VCS, enabling global
clustering that moves beyond simple clustering to wide-area failover management.
Local clustering provides local failover for each site or building. Campus and replicated
cluster configurations offer some degree of protection against disasters affecting limited
geographic regions. But, these configurations do not provide protection against
large-scale disasters such as major floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes that cause outages
for an entire city or region. The entire cluster could be affected by such an outage.
Building A Campus Cluster

Building B
VxVM RAID 1 Mirror
Remote Site A
Global Cluster
In such situations, data availability can be ensured by migrating applications to remote

clusters located considerable distances apart.
445
How VCS Global Clusters Work
How VCS Global Clusters Work

Let us take the example of an Oracle database configured in a VCS global cluster. Oracle is
installed and configured in both clusters. Oracle data is located on shared disks within
each cluster and is replicated across clusters to ensure data concurrency. The Oracle
service group is online on a system in cluster A and is configured to fail over globally, on
clusters A and B.
Public Clients
Cluster A Network Redirected Cluster B
Application
Failover
Oracle Oracle
Group Group
Replicated
Data
Separate Separate
Storage Storage
VCS continuously monitors and communicates events between clusters. Inter-cluster

communication ensures that the global cluster is aware of the state of global service group
at all times.
In the event of a system or application failure, VCS fails over the Oracle service group to
another system in the same cluster. If the entire cluster fails, VCS fails over the service
group to the remote cluster, which is part of the global cluster. VCS also redirects clients
once the application is online on the new location.

VCS Global Clusters: The Building Blocks

VCS extends clustering concepts to wide-area high availability and disaster recovery. It is
enabled by the following:
◆ Visualization of Remote Cluster Objects
◆ Global Service Groups
◆ Global Cluster Management
◆ Serialization–The Authority Attribute
◆ Resiliency and “Right of Way”
◆ VCS Framework
◆ The Steward Process: Handling Split-brain in Two-Cluster Global Clusters
Visualization of Remote Cluster Objects

VCS enables you to visualize remote cluster objects using the VCS command-line, the Java
Console, and the Web Console.
You can define remote clusters in your configuration file, main.cf. The Remote Cluster
Configuration wizard provides an easy interface to do so. The wizard updates the main.cf
files of all connected clusters with the required configuration changes. See “Adding a
Remote Cluster” on page 484 for more information.
Global Service Groups

A global service group is a regular VCS group with additional properties to enable
wide-area failover. The global service group attribute ClusterList defines the list of
clusters to which the group can fail over. The service group must be configured on all
participating clusters and must have the same name on each cluster. The Global Group
Configuration wizard provides an easy interface to configure global groups. See
“Administering Global Service Groups” on page 492 for more information.
Replication during cross-cluster failover is managed by VCS agents, as described in “VCS
Framework” on page 450. You can configure a resource of type DNS to perform a
canonical name update, if cross-cluster failover spans subnets. See “DNS Agent” on
Chapter 15, Connecting Clusters–Introducing the Global Cluster Option 447

Global Cluster Management

VCS enables you to perform operations (online, offline, switch) on global service groups
from any system in any cluster using the VCS command-line interface, the Java Console,
or the Web Console. See “User Privileges in Global Clusters” on page 57 for information
about the privileges required for global operations.
You can bring service groups online or switch them to any system in any cluster. If you do
not specify a target system, VCS uses the FailOverPolicy to determine the system.
“Deciding Startup and Failover Locations” on page 365 for more information.
Management of remote cluster objects is aided by inter-cluster communication enabled by
the wide-area connector (wac) process.
Wide-Area Connector Process

The wide-area connector (wac) is a failover Application resource that ensures
communication between clusters.
Application Application Application Application Application Application

Group Group Group Group Group Group
wac wac
Process Process
HAD HAD HAD HAD HAD HAD
Cluster 1 Cluster 2
The wac process runs on one system in each cluster and connects with peers in remote
clusters. It receives and transmits information about the status of the cluster, service
groups, and systems. This communication enables VCS to create a consolidated view of
the status of all the clusters configured as part of the global cluster. The process also
manages wide-area heartbeating to determine the health of remote clusters. The process
also transmits commands between clusters and returns the result to the originating
cluster.

Wide-Area Heartbeats
The wide-area Heartbeat agent manages the inter-cluster heartbeat. Heartbeats are used
to monitor the health of remote clusters. For a list of attributes associated with the agent,
see “Heartbeat Attributes” on page 651. You can change the default values of the
heartbeat agents using the hahb -modify command.
Sample Configuration
Heartbeat Icmp (
ClusterList = {C1, C2}
AYAInterval@C1 = 20
AYAInterval@C1 = 30
Arguments@c1 = "X.X.X.X XX.XX.XX.XX"
Arguments@c2 = "Y.Y.Y.Y YY.YY.YY.YY"
)
Serialization–The Authority Attribute

VCS ensures that multi-cluster service group operations are conducted serially to avoid
timing problems and to ensure smooth performance. The Authority attribute prevents a
service group from coming online in multiple clusters at the same time. Authority is a
persistent service group attribute and it designates which cluster has the right to bring a
global service group online. The attribute cannot be modified at runtime.
A two-phase commit process prevents timing issues. If two administrators
simultaneously try to bring a service group online in a two-cluster global group, one
command is honored, and the other is rejected.
The attribute prevents bringing a service group online in a cluster that does not have the
authority to do so. If the cluster holding authority is down, you can enforce a takeover by
using the command hagrp -online -force service_group. This command enables
you to fail over an application to another cluster when a disaster occurs.
Note A cluster assuming authority for a group does not guarantee the group will be
brought online on the cluster. The attribute merely specifies the right to attempt
bringing the service group online in the cluster. The presence of Authority does not
override group settings like frozen, autodisabled, non-probed, and so on, that
prevent service groups from going online.
You must seed authority if it is not “held” on any cluster.

Offline operations on global groups can originate from any cluster and do not require a
change of authority to do so, because taking a group offline does not necessarily indicate
an intention to perform a cross-cluster failover.

Authority and AutoStart

The attributes Authority and AutoStart work together to avoid potential concurrency
violations in multi-cluster configurations.
If the AutoStartList attribute is set, and if a group’s Authority attribute is set to 1, HAD
waits for the wac process to connect to the peer. If the connection fails, it means the peer is
down and the AutoStart process proceeds. If the connection succeeds, HAD waits for the
remote snapshot. If the peer is holding the authority for the group and the remote group is
online (because of takeover), the local cluster does not bring the group online and
relinquishes authority.
If the Authority attribute is set to 0, AutoStart is not invoked.
Resiliency and “Right of Way”

VCS global clusters maintain resiliency using the wide-area connector process and the
ClusterService group. The wide-area connector process runs as long as there is at least one
surviving node in a cluster.
The wide-area connector, its alias, and notifier are components of the ClusterService
group, described in “The ClusterService Group” on page 13.
VCS Framework
VCS agents now manage external objects that are part of wide-area failover. These objects
include replication, DNS updates, and so on. These agents provide a robust framework
for specifying attributes and restarts, and can be brought online upon fail over.
New Entry Points

New entry points, action and info, allow for detailed management of cluster and
replication-related objects. See the VERITAS Cluster Server Bundled Agents Reference Guide
and the VERITAS Cluster Server Agent Developer’s Guide for more information.
DNS Agent
The DNS agent updates the canonical name-mapping in the domain name server after a
wide-area failover. See the VERITAS Cluster Server Bundled Agents Reference Guide for
more information about the agent.

RVG Agent
The RVG agent manages the Replicated Volume Group (RVG). Specifically, it brings the
RVG online, monitors read-write access to the RVG, and takes the RVG offline. Use this
agent when using VVR for replication.
RVGPrimary agent
The RVGPrimary agent attempts to migrate or take over a Secondary to a Primary
following an application failover. The agent has no actions associated with the offline and
monitor routines.
RVGSnapshot Agent
The RVGSnapshot agent, used in fire drill service groups, takes space-optimized
snapshots so that applications can be mounted at secondary sites during a fire drill
operation.
Note See the VERITAS Cluster Server Agents for VERITAS Volume Replicator Configuration
Guide for more information about the RVG, RVGPrimary, and RVGSnapshot
agents.

The Steward Process: Handling Split-brain in Two-Cluster

Global Clusters
Failure of all heartbeats between any two clusters in a global cluster indicates one of the
following:
◆ The remote cluster is faulted.
◆ All communication links between the two clusters are broken.
In global clusters with more than three clusters, VCS queries the connected clusters to
confirm that the remote cluster is truly down. This mechanism is called inquiry.
In a two-cluster setup, VCS uses the Steward process to minimize chances of a wide-area
split-brain. The process runs as a standalone binary on a system outside of the global
cluster configuration.
Cluster A Cluster B
Steward
When all communication links between any two clusters are lost, each cluster contacts the
Steward with an inquiry message. The Steward sends an ICMP ping to the cluster in
question and responds with a negative inquiry if the cluster is running or with positive
inquiry if the cluster is down. The Steward can also be used configurations with more
than two clusters. See “Configuring the Steward Process (Optional)” on page 462 for more
information.
A Steward is effective only if there are independent paths from each cluster to the host
running the Steward. If there is only one path between the two clusters, you must prevent
split-brain by confirming manually via telephone or some messaging system with
administrators at the remote site if a failure has occurred. By default, VCS global clusters
fail over an application across cluster boundaries with administrator confirmation. You
can configure automatic failover by setting the ClusterFailOverPolicy attribute to Auto.
If you start a service group on a remote cluster while the service group is running on the
primary cluster, data corruption does not occur because the clusters use replicated data.
Instead, divergent data sets result, which must be merged manually once the split-brain is
resolved. VCS does not automatically take a service group offline after an inter-cluster
split-brain is reconnected.

Before Configuring Global Clusters

This section describes the prerequisites for configuring global clusters.
Cluster Setup
You must have at least two clusters to set up a global cluster. Every cluster must have the
VCS Global Cluster Option license installed. A cluster can be part of one global cluster.
VCS supports a maximum of four clusters participating in a global cluster.
Clusters must be running on the same platform; the operating system versions can be
different. Clusters must be using the same VCS version.
Cluster names must be unique within each global cluster; system and resource names
need not be unique across clusters. Service group names need not be unique across
clusters; however, global service groups must have identical names.
Every cluster must have a valid virtual IP address, which is tied to the cluster. Define this
IP address in the cluster’s ClusterAddress attribute. This address is normally configured
as part of the initial VCS installation. The IP address must have a DNS entry.
For remote cluster operations, you must configure a VCS user with the same name and
privileges in each cluster. See “User Privileges in Global Clusters” on page 57 for more
information.
Configured Applications
Applications to be configured as global groups must be configured to represent each other
in their respective clusters. The multiple application groups of a global group must have
the same name in each cluster. The individual resources of the groups can be different. For
example, one group might have a MultiNIC resource or more Mount-type resources.
Clients redirected to the remote cluster in case of a wide-area failover must be presented
with the same application they saw in the primary cluster.
However, the resources that make up a global group must represent the same application
from the point of the client as its peer global group in the other cluster. Clients redirected
to a remote cluster should not be aware that a cross-cluster failover occurred, except for
some downtime while the administrator initiates or confirms the failover.
Wide-Area Heartbeats
There must be at least one wide-area heartbeat going from each cluster to every other
cluster. VCS starts communicating with a cluster only after the heartbeat reports that the
cluster is alive. VCS uses the ICMP ping by default, the infrastructure for which is bundled
with the product. VCS configures the ICMP heartbeat if you use Cluster Manager (Java
Console) to set up your global cluster. Other heartbeats must be configured manually.

ClusterService Group
The ClusterService group must be configured with the wac, NIC, and IP resources. It is
configured automatically when VCS is installed or upgraded, or by the GCO
configuration wizard. The service group may contain additional resources for Cluster
Manager (Web Console) and notification, if these components are configured.
If you entered a Global Cluster Option license during the VCS install or upgrade, the
ClusterService group, including the wide-area connector process, is automatically
configured.
If you add the license after VCS is operational, you must run the GCO Configuration
wizard. For instructions, see “Running the GCO Configuration Wizard” on page 456.
Replication Setup
VCS global clusters are also used in case of disaster recovery, so you must set up real-time
data replication between clusters. You can use VCS agents for supported replication
solutions to manage the replication. If your configuration uses VERITAS Volume
Replicator, you must add the VTRSvcsr package to all systems.

Setting Up a Global Cluster

This section describes the steps for planning, configuring, and testing a global cluster. It
describes an example of converting a single instance Oracle database configured for local
high availability in a VCS cluster to a highly available, disaster-protected infrastructure
using a second cluster. The solution uses VERITAS Volume Replicator to replicate
changed data real-time.
In this example, a single-instance Oracle database is configured as a VCS service group
(appgroup) on a two-node cluster. The service group configuration looks like:
Note Before beginning the process, review the prerequisites listed in the section “Before
Configuring Global Clusters” on page 453 and make sure your configuration is
ready for a global cluster application.
The process involves the following steps:

◆ Preparing the Application for the Global Environment
◆ Running the GCO Configuration Wizard
◆ Configuring Replication
◆ Linking the Application and Replication Service Groups
◆ Configuring the Second Cluster
◆ Linking Clusters
◆ Configuring the Steward Process (Optional)
◆ Creating the Global Service Group

Preparing the Application for the Global Environment

Install the application (Oracle in this example) in the second cluster. Make sure the
installation is identical with the one in the first cluster.
Set up replication between the shared disk groups in both clusters. If your configuration
uses VVR, the process involves grouping the shared data volumes in the first cluster into a
Replicated Volume Group (RVG), and creating the VVR Secondary on hosts in the new
cluster, located in your remote site.
Running the GCO Configuration Wizard

If you are upgrading from a single-cluster setup to a multi-cluster setup, run the GCO
Configuration wizard to create or update the ClusterService group. The wizard verifies
your configuration and validates it for a global cluster setup. You must have the GCO
license installed on all nodes in the cluster. For more information, see “Installing a VCS
License” on page 61.
▼ To run the GCO Configuration wizard
1. Start the GCO Configuration wizard.

# sh /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/gcoconfig
2. The wizard discovers the NIC devices on the local system and prompts you to enter
the device to be used for the global cluster. Specify the name of the device and press
Enter.
3. If you do not have NIC resources in your configuration, the wizard asks you whether
the specified NIC will be the public NIC used by all systems. Enter y if it is the public
NIC; otherwise enter n. If you entered n, the wizard prompts you to enter the names
of NICs on all systems.
4. Enter the virtual IP to be used for the global cluster.
5. If you do not have IP resources in your configuration, the wizard prompts you for the
netmask associated with the virtual IP. The wizard detects the netmask; you can
accept the suggested value or enter another value.
6. The wizard starts running commands to create or update the ClusterService group.
Various messages indicate the status of these commands. After running these
commands, the wizard brings the ClusterService group online.

Configuring Replication
VCS supports several replication solutions for global clustering. Please contact your
VERITAS sales representative for the solutions supported by VCS. This section describes
how to set up replication using VERITAS Volume Replicator (VVR.)
Adding the RVG Resources
1. Create a new service group, say appgroup_rep.
2. Copy the DiskGroup resource from the appgroup to the new group.
3. Configure new resources of type IP and NIC in the appgroup_rep service group. The
IP resource monitors the virtual IP that VVR uses for replication.
4. Configure a new resource of type RVG in the new (appgroup_rep) service group.
The RVG agent ships with the VVR software. If the RVG resource type is not defined
in your configuration, import it, as instructed below.
a. On the File menu, click Import Types.
b. In the Import Types dialog box, click the file from which to import the resource
type. By default, the RVG resource type is located at the path
/etc/VRTSvcs/conf/VVRTypes.cf.
c. Click Import.
5. Configure the following attributes of the RVG resource:

◆ RVG—The name of the RVG.
◆ DiskGroup—The name of the diskgroup containing the RVG.
◆ Primary—Whether this is the Primary.
◆ SRL—The SRL associated with the RVG.
◆ RLinks—Names of Rlinks associated with the RVG. You can retrieve Rlink names
by using the vxprint -l command.
Note The RVG resource starts, stops, and monitors the RVG in its current state and does
not promote or demote VVR when you want to change the direction of replication.
That task is managed by the RVGPrimary agent

6. Set dependencies as per the following information:

◆ RVG resource depends on the IP resource.
◆ RVG resource depends on the DiskGroup resource.
◆ IP resource depends on the NIC resource.
The service group now looks like:
7. Delete the DiskGroup resource from the appgroup service group.
8. In the appgroup service group, add a resource of type RVGPrimary and configure its
attributes:
◆ RVGResourceName—The name of the RVG resource that this agent will promote.
◆ AutoTakeover—A flag that indicates whether the agent should perform a
takeover in promoting a Secondary RVG if the original Primary is down. Default
is 1, meaning a takeover will be performed.
◆ AutoResync—A flag that indicates whether the agent should configure the RVG
to perform an automatic resynchronization after a takeover and once the original
Primary is restored. Default is 0, meaning automatic resynchronization will not
occur.
9. Set resource dependencies such that the Mount resources depends on the
RVGPrimary resource.

The appgroup now looks like:
10. If your setup uses BIND DNS, add a resource of type DNS to the appgroup service
group and configure its attributes:
◆ Domain—Domain name. For example, veritas.com.
◆ Alias—Alias to the canonical name. For example, www.
◆ HostName—Canonical name of a system or its IP address. For example,
mtv.veritas.com.
◆ TTL—Time To Live (in seconds) for the DNS entries in the zone being updated.
Default value: 86400.
◆ StealthMasters—List of primary master name servers in the domain. This
attribute is optional if the primary master name server is listed in the zone's NS
record. If the primary master name server is a stealth server, the attribute must be
defined.
Note that a stealth server is a name server that is authoritative for a zone but is not
listed in the zone's NS records.

Linking the Application and Replication Service Groups

Set an online local hard group dependency from appgroup to appgroup_rep to ensure that
the service groups fail over and switch together.
▼ To link the service groups
1. In the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, click the cluster name.
dependency graph.
3. Click Link.
4. Click the parent group, appgroup, and move the mouse toward the child group,
appgroup_rep.
5. Click the child group appgroup_rep.
6. In the Link Service Groups dialog box, click the online local relationship and the firm
dependency type and click OK.
Configuring the Second Cluster

1. Run the GCO Configuration wizard in the second cluster. For instructions, see
“Running the GCO Configuration Wizard” on page 456.
2. Create a configuration that is similar to the one in the first cluster. You can do this by
either using Cluster Manager (Java Console) to copy and paste resources from the
primary cluster, or by copying the configuration of the appgroup and appgroup_rep
groups from the main.cf file in the primary cluster to the secondary cluster.
3. To assign remote administration privileges to users, configure users with the same
name and privileges on both clusters. See “User Privileges in Global Clusters” on
4. Make appropriate changes to the configuration. For example, you must modify the
SystemList attribute to reflect the systems in the secondary cluster.
Note Make sure that the name of the service group (appgroup) is identical in both
clusters.

It is a VVR best practice to use the same disk group and RVG name on both sites. This
means that just the RLinks attribute needs to be modified to reflect the name of the
secondary’s RLink.
If the volume names are the same on both sides, the Mount resources will mount the
same block devices, and the same Oracle instance will start at the secondary in case of
a failover.
Linking Clusters
Once the VCS and VVR infrastructure has been set up at both sites, you must link the two
clusters. The Remote Cluster Configuration wizard provides an easy interface to link
clusters.
Before linking clusters, verify the virtual IP address for the ClusterAddress attribute for
each cluster is set. Use the same IP address as the one assigned to the IP resource in the
ClusterService group.
If you are adding a stand-alone cluster to an existing global cluster environment, run the
wizard from a cluster in the global cluster environment. Otherwise, run the wizard from
any cluster. From Cluster Explorer, click Edit>Add/Delete Remote Cluster. For
instructions on running the wizard, see “Adding a Remote Cluster” on page 484.
▼ To configure an additional heartbeat between the clusters (optional)
1. On Cluster Explorer’s Edit menu, click Configure Heartbeats.
2. In the Heartbeat configuration dialog box, enter the name of the heartbeat and select
the check box next to the name of the cluster.
3. Click the icon in the Configure column to open the Heartbeat Settings dialog box.
4. Specify the value of the Arguments attribute and various timeout and interval fields.
Click + to add an argument value; click - to delete it.
Note If you specify IP addresses in the Arguments attribute, make sure the IP addresses
have DNS entries.
5. Click OK.
6. Click OK in the Heartbeat configuration dialog box.

Now, you can monitor the state of both clusters from the Java Console:

Configuring the Steward Process (Optional)

In case of a two-cluster GCO, you can configure a Steward to prevent potential split-brain
conditions, provided the proper network infrastructure exists. For more information
about the Steward mechanism, see “The Steward Process: Handling Split-brain in
Two-Cluster Global Clusters” on page 452
▼ To configure the Steward process (optional)
1. Identify a system that will host the Steward process. Make sure both clusters can
connect to the system through a ping command.
2. Copy the file steward from a node in the cluster to the Steward system. The file
resides at the path /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/.
3. In both clusters, set the Stewards attribute to the IP address of the system running the
Steward process. For example:
cluster cluster1938 (
UserNames = { admin = gNOgNInKOjOOmWOiNL }
ClusterAddress = "10.182.147.19"
Administrators = { admin }
CredRenewFrequency = 0
CounterInterval = 5
Stewards = "10.212.100.165"
}
4. On the system designated to host the Steward, start the Steward process:
# steward -start
To stop the Steward process, use the following command:
# steward -stop

Creating the Global Service Group

Configure the Oracle service group, appgroup, as a global group by running the Global
Group Configuration wizard.
▼ To create the global service group
1. From Cluster Explorer, click Configure Global Groups on the Edit menu.
2. Review the information required for the Global Group Configuration Wizard and
click Next.
3. Enter the details of the service group to modify (appgroup):
a. Click the name of the service group.
b. From the Available Clusters box, click the clusters on which the group can come
online. The local cluster is not listed as it is implicitly defined to be part of the
ClusterList. Click the right arrow to move the cluster name to the ClusterList box.
c. Select the policy for cluster failover:

◆ Manual prevents a group from automatically failing over to another cluster.
◆ Auto enables a group to automatically fail over to another cluster if it is
unable to fail over within the cluster, or if the entire cluster faults.
◆ Connected enables a group to automatically fail over to another cluster if it is
unable to fail over within the cluster.
d. Click Next.
4. Enter or review the connection details for each cluster:
a. Click the Configure icon to review the remote cluster information for each
cluster.
b. Enter the IP address of the remote cluster, the IP address of a cluster system, or
the host name of a cluster system.
c. Enter the user name and the password for the remote cluster.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Next.

5. Click Finish.
6. Save the configuration.

The appgroup service group is now a global group and can be failed over between
clusters.
Note For remote cluster operations, you must configure a VCS user with the same name
and privileges in each cluster. See “User Privileges in Global Clusters” on page 57

Migrating a Service Group

In the global cluster setup, consider a case where the primary cluster suffers a failure. The
Oracle service group cannot fail over in the local cluster and must fail over globally, to a
node in another cluster.
In this situation, VCS sends an alert indicating that the group cannot fail over anywhere in
the local cluster.
An administrator can take action by bringing the group online in the remote cluster.
The RVGPrimary agent ensures that VVR volumes are made writable and the DNS agent
ensures that name services are resolved to the remote site. The application can be started
at the remote site.
Switching the Service Group

Before switching the application to the primary site, you must resynchronize any changed
data from the active Secondary site since the failover. This can be done manually through
VVR or by running a VCS action from the RVGPrimary resource.
▼ To switch the service group
2. Click Actions.
a. From the Action list, choose fbsync.
c. Click OK.
This begins a fast-failback of the replicated data set. You can monitor the value of the
ResourceInfo attribute for the RVG resource to determine when the resynchronization
has completed.
4. Once the resynchronization completes, switch the service group to the primary
cluster.
a. In the Service Groups tab of the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, right-click
the service group.
b. Click Switch To, and click Remote switch.

Simulating Global Clusters Using VCS Simulator
c. In the Switch global group dialog box, click the cluster to switch the group. Click
the specific system, or click Any System, and click OK.
Declaring the Type of Failure

If a disaster disables all processing power in your primary data center, heartbeats from the
failover site to the primary data center fail. VCS sends an alert signalling cluster failure. If
you choose to take action on this failure, VCS prompts you to declare the type of failure.
You can choose one of the following options to declare the failure:
◆ Disaster, implying permanent loss of the primary data center
◆ Outage, implying the primary may return to its current form in some time
◆ Disconnect, implying a split-brain condition; both clusters are up, but the link between
them is broken
◆ Replica, implying that data on the takeover target has been made consistent from a
backup source and that the RVGPrimary can initiate a takeover when the service
group is brought online. This option applies to VVR environments only.
You can select the groups to be failed over to the local cluster, in which case VCS brings
the selected groups online on a node based on the group’s FailOverPolicy attribute. It also
marks the groups as being OFFLINE in the other cluster. If you do not select any service
groups to fail over, VCS takes no action except implicitly marking the service groups as
offline in the failed cluster.
Simulating Global Clusters Using VCS Simulator

VCS Simulator enables you to simulate a global cluster environment without affecting
your production systems. For more information, see “Predicting VCS Behavior Using VCS
Simulator” on page 539.

Setting Up a Fire Drill

The Disaster Recovery Fire Drill procedure tests the fault-readiness of a configuration by
mimicking a failover from the primary site to the secondary site. This procedure is done
without stopping the application at the primary site and disrupting user access.
The initial steps to create a fire drill service group on the secondary site that closely
follows the configuration of the original application service group and contains a
point-in-time copy of the production data in the Replicated Volume Group (RVG).
Bringing the fire drill service group online on the secondary site demonstrates the ability
of the application service group to fail over and come online at the secondary site, should
the need arise. Fire drill service groups do not interact with outside clients or with other
instances of resources, so they can safely come online even when the application service
group is online. You must conduct a fire drill only at the Secondary site; do not bring the
fire drill service group online on the node hosting the original application.
Note You can conduct fire drills only on regular VxVM volumes; volume sets (vset) are
not supported.
Configuring the Fire Drill Service Group

Use the RVG Secondary Fire Drill Wizard to set up the fire drill configuration.
The wizard performs the following specific tasks:
✔ Prepares all data volumes with FMR 4.0 technology, which enables space-optimized
snapshots.
✔ Creates a Cache object to store changed blocks during the fire drill, which minimizes
disk space and disk spindles required to perform the fire drill.
✔ Configures a VCS service group that resembles the real application group.
✔ Schedules the fire drill and the notification of results.
▼ To run the wizard
1. Start the RVG Secondary Fire Drill wizard on the VVR secondary site, where the
service group is not online:
# /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/fdsetup
2. Read the information on the Welcome screen and press the Enter key.
3. The wizard identifies the global service groups. Enter the name of the service group
for the fire drill.

4. The wizard lists the volumes in disk group that could be used for a space-optimized
snapshot. Enter the volumes to be selected for the snapshot. Typically, all volumes
used by the application, whether replicated or not, should be prepared, otherwise a
snapshot might not succeed.
Press the Enter key when prompted.
5. Enter the cache size to store writes when the snapshot exists. The size of the cache
must be large enough to store the expected number of changed blocks during the fire
drill. However, the cache is configured to grow automatically if it fills up. Enter disks
on which to create the cache.
Press the Enter key when prompted.

6. The wizard starts running commands to create the fire drill setup. Press the Enter key
when prompted.
The wizard creates the application group with its associated resources. It also creates
a fire drill group with resources for the application (Oracle, for example), the Mount,
and the RVGSnapshot types.
The application resources in both service groups define the same application, the
same database in this example. The wizard sets the FireDrill attribute for the
application resource to 1 to prevent the agent from reporting a concurrency violation
when the actual application instance and the fire drill service group are online at the
same time.
Verifying a Successful Fire Drill

Bring the fire drill service group online on a node that does not have the application
running. Verify that the fire drill service group comes online. This action validates that
your disaster recovery solution is configured correctly and the production service group
will fail over to the secondary site in the event of an actual failure (disaster) at the primary
site.
If the fire drill service group does not come online, review the VCS engine log to
troubleshoot the issues so that corrective action can be taken as necessary in the
production service group. You can also view the fire drill log, located at
/tmp/fd-servicegroup.pid
Caution Remember to take the fire drill offline once its functioning has been validated.
Failing to take the fire drill offline could cause failures in your environment. For
example, if the application service group were to fail over to the node hosting
the fire drill service group, there would be resource conflicts, resulting in both
service groups faulting.
Scheduling a Fire Drill

Schedule the fire drill for the service group by adding the file
/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/fdsched to your crontab. You can make fire drills highly available
by adding the file to every node in the cluster.
The scheduler runs the command hagrp -online firedrill_group -any at
periodic intervals.


Administering Global Clusters
from the Command Line 16
This chapter describes the operations you can perform on global clusters from the
command line.
information.
Global Querying
VCS enables you to query global cluster objects, including service groups, resources,
systems, resource types, agents, and clusters. You may enter query commands from any
system in the cluster. Commands to display information on the global cluster
configuration or system states can be executed by all users; you do not need root
privileges.
Note Only global service groups may be queried.
Querying Global Cluster Service Groups

▼ To display service group attribute values across clusters
# hagrp -value service_group attribute [system] [-clus cluster |
-localclus]
The option -clus displays the attribute value on the cluster designated by the
variable cluster; the option -localclus specifies the local cluster.
If the attribute has local scope, you must specify the system name, except when
querying the attribute on the system from which you run the command.
471
Global Querying
▼ To display the state of a service group across clusters

# hagrp -state [service_groups -sys systems] [-clus cluster |
-localclus]
The option -clus displays the state of all service groups on a cluster designated by
the variable cluster; the option -localclus specifies the local cluster.
▼ To display service group information across clusters

# hagrp -display [service_groups] [-attribute attributes]
[-sys systems] [-clus cluster | -localclus]
The option -clus applies to global groups only. If the group is local, the cluster name
must be the local cluster name, otherwise no information is displayed.
▼ To display service groups in a cluster

# hagrp -list [conditionals] [-clus cluster | -localclus]
The option -clus lists all service groups on the cluster designated by the variable
cluster; the option -localclus specifies the local cluster.
▼ To display usage for the service group command

# hagrp [-help [-modify|-link|-list]]

Global Querying
Querying Resources
▼ To display resource attribute values across clusters
# hares -value resource attribute [system] [-clus cluster |
-localclus]
The option -clus displays the attribute value on the cluster designated by the
variable cluster; the option -localclus specifies the local cluster.
If the attribute has local scope, you must specify the system name, except when
querying the attribute on the system from which you run the command.
▼ To display the state of a resource across clusters

# hares -state [resource -sys system] [-clus cluster | -localclus]
The option -clus displays the state of all resources on the specified cluster; the
option -localclus specifies the local cluster. Specifying a system displays resource
state on a particular system.
▼ To display resource information across clusters

# hares -display [resources] [-attribute attributes] [-group
service_groups][-type types] [-sys systems] [-clus cluster |
-localclus]
The option -clus lists all service groups on the cluster designated by the variable
cluster; the option -localclus specifies the local cluster.
▼ For a list of resources across clusters

# hares -list [conditionals] [-clus cluster | -localclus]
The option -clus lists all resources that meet the specified conditions in global
service groups on a cluster as designated by the variable cluster.
▼ To display usage for the resource command

# hares -help [-modify | -list]
Chapter 16, Administering Global Clusters from the Command Line 473
Global Querying
Querying Systems
▼ To display system attribute values across clusters
# hasys -value system attribute [-clus cluster | -localclus]
The option -clus displays the values of a system attribute in the cluster as
designated by the variable cluster; the option -localclus specifies the local cluster.
▼ To display the state of a system across clusters

# hasys -state [system] [-clus cluster | -localclus]
Displays the current state of the specified system. The option -clus displays the state
in a cluster designated by the variable cluster; the option -localclus specifies the
local cluster. If you do not specify a system, the command displays the states of all
systems.
▼ For information about each system across clusters

# hasys -display [systems] [-attribute attributes] [-clus cluster |
-localclus]
The option -clus displays the attribute values on systems (if specified) in a cluster
designated by the variable cluster; the option -localclus specifies the local cluster.
▼ For a list of systems across clusters

# hasys -list [conditionals] [-clus cluster | -localclus]
Displays a list of systems whose values match the given conditional statements. The
option -clus displays the systems in a cluster designated by the variable cluster; the
option -localclus specifies the local cluster.

Global Querying
Querying Clusters
▼ For the value of a specific cluster attribute on a specific cluster
# haclus -value attribute [cluster] [-localclus]
The attribute must be specified in this command. If you do not specify the cluster
name, the command displays the attribute value on the local cluster.
▼ To display the state of a local or remote cluster as seen from the local cluster
# haclus -state [cluster] [-localclus]
The variable cluster represents the cluster. If a cluster is not specified, the state of the
local cluster and the state of all remote cluster objects as seen by the local cluster are
displayed.
▼ For information on the state of a local or remote cluster as seen from the local
cluster
# haclus -display [cluster] [-localclus]
If a cluster is not specified, information on the local cluster is displayed.
▼ For a list of local and remote clusters

# haclus -list [conditionals]
Lists the clusters that meet the specified conditions, beginning with the local cluster.
▼ To display usage for the cluster command

# haclus [-help [-modify]]
▼ To display the status of a faulted cluster

# haclus -status cluster
Displays the status on the specified faulted cluster. If no cluster is specified, the
command displays the status on all faulted clusters. It lists the service groups that
were not in the OFFLINE or the FAULTED state before the fault occurred. It also suggests
corrective action for the listed clusters and service groups.
Global Querying
Querying Status
▼ For the status of local and remote clusters
# hastatus
Querying Heartbeats
The hahb command is used to manage WAN heartbeats that emanate from the local
cluster. Administrators can monitor the “health” of the remote cluster via heartbeat
commands and mechanisms such as Internet, satellites, or storage replication
technologies. Heartbeat commands are applicable only on the cluster from which they are
issued.
Note You must have Cluster Administrator privileges to add, delete, and modify
heartbeats.
The following commands are issued from the command line.
▼ For a list of heartbeats configured on the local cluster

# hahb -list [conditionals]
The variable conditionals represents the conditions that must be met for the heartbeat
to be listed.
▼ To display information on heartbeats configured in the local cluster

# hahb -display [heartbeat ...]
If heartbeat is not specified, information regarding all heartbeats configured on the
local cluster is displayed.
▼ To display the state of the heartbeats in remote clusters

# hahb -state [heartbeat] [-clus cluster]
For example, to get the state of heartbeat ICMP from the local cluster to the remote
cluster phoenix:
# hahb -state ICMP -clus phoenix

▼ To display an attribute value of a configured heartbeat

# hahb -value heartbeat attribute [-clus cluster]
The -value option provides the value of a single attribute for a specific heartbeat.
The cluster name must be specified for cluster-specific attribute values, but not for
global.
For example, to display the value of the ClusterList attribute for heartbeat ICMP:
# hahb -value ICMP ClusterList
Note that ClusterList is a global attribute.
▼ To display usage for the command hahb

# hahb [-help [-modify]]
If the -modify option is specified, the usage for the hahb -modify option is
displayed.

Operations for the VCS global clusters option are enabled or restricted depending on the
permissions with which you log on. The privileges associated with each user category are
enforced for cross-cluster, service group operations. See “User Privileges in Global
Clusters” on page 57 for more information.
▼ To bring a service group online across clusters for the first time
# hagrp -online -force
▼ To bring a service group online across clusters

# hagrp -online service_group -sys system [-clus cluster |
-localclus]
The option -clus brings the service group online on the system designated in the
cluster. If a system is not specified, the service group is brought online on any node
within the cluster. The option -locaclus brings the service group online in the local
cluster.
▼ To bring a service group online “anywhere”

# hagrp -online [-force] service_group -any [-clus cluster |
-localclus]
The option -any specifies that HAD brings a failover group online on the optimal
system, based on the requirements of service group workload management and
existing group dependencies. If bringing a parallel group online, HAD brings the
group online on each system designated in the SystemList attribute.
▼ To take a service group offline across clusters

# hagrp -offline [-force] [-ifprobed] service_group -sys system
[-clus cluster -localclus]
The option -clus takes offline the service group on the system designated in the
cluster.
▼ To take a service group offline “anywhere”

# hagrp -offline [-ifprobed] service_group -any [-clus cluster |
-localclus]
The option -any specifies that HAD takes a failover group offline on the system on
which it is online. For a parallel group, HAD takes the group offline on each system
on which the group is online. HAD adheres to the existing group dependencies when
taking groups offline.
▼ To switch a service group across clusters

# hagrp -switch service_group -to system [-clus cluster
-localclus]
The option -clus identifies the cluster to which the service group will be switched.
The service group is brought online on the system specified by the -to system
argument. If a system is not specified, the service group may be switched to any node
within the specified cluster.
▼ To switch a service group “anywhere”

# hagrp -switch service_group -clus cluster
The option -clus identifies the cluster to which the service group will be switched.
HAD then selects the target system on which to switch the service group.

▼ To take action on a resource across clusters
# hares -action resource token [-actionargs arg1 ...] [-sys system]
[-clus cluster |-localclus]
The option -clus implies resources on the cluster. If the designated system is not part
of the local cluster, an error is displayed. If the -sys option is not used, it implies
resources on the local node.
▼ To invoke the info entry point across clusters

# hares -refreshinfo resource [-sys system] [-clus cluster
-localclus]
Causes the Info entry point to update the value of the ResourceInfo resource level
attribute for the specified resource if the resource is online. If no system or remote
cluster is specified, the Info entry point runs on local system(s) where the resource is
online.
▼ To display usage for the resource command

To display usage for the command hares and its various options:
# hares [-help [-modify |-list]]
▼ To add a remote cluster object
# haclus -add cluster ip
The variable cluster represents the cluster. This command does not apply to the local
cluster.
▼ To delete a remote cluster object

# haclus -delete cluster
The variable cluster represents the cluster.
▼ To modify an attribute of a local or remote cluster object

# haclus -modify attribute value [-clus cluster]...
The variable cluster represents the cluster.
▼ To declare the state of a cluster after a disaster

# haclus -declare disconnet/outage/disaster/replica -clus cluster
[-failover]
The variable cluster represents the remote cluster.
Changing the Cluster Name

This section describes how to change the ClusterName in a global cluster configuration.
The instructions describe how to rename VCSPriCluster to VCSPriCluster2 in a
two-cluster configuration, comprising clusters VCSPriCluster and VCSSecCluster
configured with the global group AppGroup.
Before changing the cluster name, make sure the cluster is not part of any ClusterList, in
the wide-area Heartbeat agent and in global service groups.
▼ To change the name of a cluster
1. Run the following commands from cluster VCSPriCluster:

# hagrp -offline ClusterService -any
# hagrp -modify AppGroup ClusterList -delete VCSPriCluster
# haclus -modify ClusterName VCSPriCluster2
# hagrp -modify AppGroup ClusterList -add VCSPriCluster2 0
2. Run the following commands from cluster VCSSecCluster:

# hagrp -offline ClusterService -any
# hagrp -modify appgrp ClusterList -delete VCSPriCluster
# hahb -modify Icmp ClusterList -delete VCSPriCluster
# haclus -delete VCSPriCluster
# haclus -add VCSPriCluster2 your_ip_address
# hahb -modify Icmp ClusterList -add VCSPriCluster2
# hahb -modify Icmp Arguments your_ip_address -clus
VCSPriCluster2
# hagrp -modify AppGroup ClusterList -add VCSPriCluster2 0
# hagrp -online ClusterService -any
3. Run the following command from the cluster renamed to VCSPriCluster2:

# hagrp -online ClusterService -any

Administering Heartbeats
▼ To create a heartbeat
# hahb -add heartbeat
For example, type the following command to add a new heartbeat called ICMP1. This
represents a heartbeat sent from the local cluster and immediately forks off the
specified agent process on the local cluster.
# hahb -add ICMP1
▼ To modify a heartbeat
# hahb -modify heartbeat attribute value ... [-clus cluster]
If the attribute is local, that is, it has a separate value for each remote cluster in the
ClusterList attribute, the option -clus cluster must be specified. Use -delete -keys
to clear the value of any list attributes.
For example, type the following command to modify the ClusterList attribute and
specify targets “phoenix” and “houston” for the newly created heartbeat:
# hahb -modify ICMP ClusterList phoenix houston
To modify the Arguments attribute for target phoenix:

# hahb -modify ICMP Arguments phoenix.veritas.com
-clus phoenix
▼ To delete a heartbeat
# hahb -delete heartbeat
▼ To change the scope of an attribute to cluster-specific

# hahb -local heartbeat attribute
For example, type the following command to change the scope of the attribute
AYAInterval from global to cluster-specific:
# hahb -local ICMP AYAInterval
▼ To change the scope of an attribute to global

# hahb -global heartbeat attribute value ...
| key ... | key value ...
For example, type the following command to change the scope of the attribute
AYAInterval from cluster-specific to cluster-generic:
# hahb -global ICMP AYAInterval 60

Administering Global Clusters
from Cluster Manager (Java Console) 17
The Global Cluster Option is required to manage global clustering for wide-area disaster
recovery from the Java Console. The process of creating a global cluster environment
involves creating a common service group for specified clusters, making sure all the
service groups are capable of being brought online in the specified clusters, connecting the
standalone clusters, and converting the service group that is common to all the clusters to
a global service group. Use the console to add and delete remote clusters, create global
service groups, and manage cluster heartbeats.
Creating a global cluster environment requires the following conditions:
✔ All service groups are properly configured and able to come online.
✔ The service group that will serve as the global group has the same unique name
across all applicable clusters.
✔ The clusters must use the same version of VCS.
✔ The clusters must use the same operating system.
✔ The clusters are standalone and do not already belong to a global cluster
environment.
Through the Java Console, you can simulate the process of generating and clearing global
cluster faults in an OFFLINE state. Use VCS Simulator to complete these operations; refer to
“Administering VCS Simulator” on page 209 for information on this tool.
information.
Note Cluster Manager (Java Console) provides disabled individuals access to and use of
information and data that is comparable to the access and use provided to
non-disabled individuals. Refer to the appendix “Accessibility and VCS” for more
information.
483
Adding a Remote Cluster

Cluster Explorer provides a wizard to create global clusters by linking standalone
clusters. Command Center only enables you to perform remote cluster operations on the
local cluster.
◆ If you are creating a global cluster environment for the first time with two standalone
clusters, run the wizard from either of the clusters.
◆ If you are adding a standalone cluster to an existing global cluster environment, run
the wizard from a cluster already in the global cluster environment.
The following information is required for the Remote Cluster Configuration Wizard in
Cluster Explorer:
✔ The active host name or IP address of each cluster in the global configuration and of
the cluster being added to the configuration.
✔ The user name and password of the administrator for each cluster in the
configuration.
✔ The user name and password of the administrator for the cluster being added to the
configuration.
Note VERITAS does not support adding a cluster that is already part of a global cluster
environment. To merge the clusters of one global cluster environment (for example,
cluster A and cluster B) with the clusters of another global environment (for
example, cluster C and cluster D), separate cluster C and cluster D into standalone
clusters and add them one by one to the environment containing cluster A and
cluster B.
▼ To add a remote cluster to a global cluster environment in Cluster Explorer
1. From Cluster Explorer, click Add/Delete Remote Cluster on the Edit menu.
or
From the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, right-click the cluster name, and click
Add/Delete Remote Clusters.
2. Review the required information for the Remote Cluster Configuration Wizard and
click Next.
3. In the Wizard Options dialog box:
a. Click Add Cluster.
b. Click Next.

4. Enter the details of the new cluster:
a. Enter the host name of a cluster system, an IP address of a cluster system, or the
IP address of the cluster that will join the global environment.
b. Verify the port number.
c. Enter the user name and the password.
d. Click Next.
5. Enter the details of the existing remote clusters; this information on administrator
rights enables the wizard to connect to all the clusters and make changes to the
configuration:
Chapter 17, Administering Global Clusters from Cluster Manager (Java Console) 485
6. Click the Configure icon. The Remote cluster information dialog box is displayed.
a. Enter the host name of a cluster system, an IP address of a cluster system, or the
IP address of the cluster that will join the global environment.
c. Enter the user name.
d. Enter the password.
e. Click OK.
f. Repeat step 5a through 5e for each cluster in the global environment.
7. Click Next.
8. Click Finish. After running the wizard, the configurations on all the relevant clusters
are opened and changed; the wizard does not close the configurations.

▼ To add a remote cluster to a global cluster environment in Command Center
Note Command Center enables you to perform operations on the local cluster; this does
not affect the overall global cluster configuration.
1. Click Commands>Configuration>Cluster Objects>Add Remote Cluster.
2. Enter the name of the cluster.
3. Enter the IP address of the cluster.
4. Click Apply.
Deleting a Remote Cluster

The Remote Cluster Configuration Wizard enables you to delete a remote cluster. This
operation involves the following tasks:
◆ Taking the wac resource in the ClusterService group offline on the cluster that will be
removed from the global environment. For example, to delete cluster C2 from a global
environment containing C1 and C2, log on to C2 and take the wac resource offline.
◆ Removing the name of the specified cluster (C2) from the cluster lists of the other
global groups using the Global Group Configuration Wizard. Note that the Remote
Cluster Configuration Wizard in Cluster Explorer updates the cluster lists for
heartbeats. Log on to the local cluster (C1) to complete this task before using the
Global Group Configuration Wizard.
◆ Deleting the cluster (C2) from the local cluster (C1) through the Remote Cluster
Configuration Wizard.
Note You cannot delete a remote cluster if the cluster is part of a cluster list for global
service groups or global heartbeats, or if the cluster is in the RUNNING, BUILD,
INQUIRY, EXITING, or TRANSITIONING states.
▼ To take the wac resource offline
1. From Cluster Monitor, log on to the cluster that will be deleted from the global cluster
environment.
2. In the Service Groups tab of the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, right-click the
wac resource under the Application type in the ClusterService group.
or
the wac resource in the view panel.
3. Click Offline, and click the appropriate system from the menu.

▼ To remove a cluster from a cluster list for a global group
2. Click Next.
3. Enter the details of the service group to modify:
a. Click the name of the service group.
b. For global to local cluster conversion, click the left arrow to move the cluster
name from the cluster list back to the Available Clusters box.
c. Click Next.
4. Enter or review the connection details for each cluster. Click the Configure icon to
review the remote cluster information for each cluster.
a. Enter the IP address of the remote cluster, the IP address of a cluster system, or the
host name of a cluster system.
e. Click OK.
5. Click Next.
6. Click Finish.
▼ To delete a remote cluster from the local cluster
1. From Cluster Explorer, click Add/Delete Remote Cluster on the Edit menu.
or
From the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, right-click the cluster name, and click
Add/Delete Remote Clusters.
2. Review the required information for the Remote Cluster Configuration Wizard and
click Next.
3. In the Wizard Options dialog box:
a. Click Delete Cluster.
b. Click Next.
4. In the Delete Cluster dialog box:
a. Click the name of the remote cluster to delete.
b. Click Next.
5. Review the connection details for each cluster. Click the Configure icon to review the
remote cluster information for each cluster.

e. Click OK.
6. Click Finish.
Administering Global Service Groups

After connecting clusters in a global cluster environment, use the Global Group
Configuration Wizard to convert a local service group that is common to the global
clusters to a global group. This wizard also enables you to convert global groups into local
groups.
Administering global groups requires the following conditions:
✔ A group that will serve as the global group must have the same name across all
applicable clusters.
✔ You must know the user name and password for the administrator for each cluster in
the configuration.
Use Cluster Explorer to bring a global group online and take a global group offline on a
remote cluster.
Converting Local and Global Groups

or
From the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, right-click the service group, click
Configure As Global or Make Local, and proceed to step 3b.
2. Review the information required for the Global Group Configuration Wizard and
click Next.

3. Enter the details of the service group to modify:
a. Click the name of the service group that will be converted from a local group to a
global group, or vice versa.
b. From the Available Clusters box, click the clusters on which the group can come
online. Click the right arrow to move the cluster name to the Clusters for Service
Group box; for global to local cluster conversion, click the left arrow to move the
cluster name back to the Available Clusters box. A priority number (starting with
0) indicates the cluster in which the group will attempt to come online. If

d. Click Next.
4. Enter or review the connection details for each cluster:
Click the Configure icon to review the remote cluster information for each cluster.
c. Enter the user name and password.
d. Click OK.
Repeat these steps for each cluster in the global environment.
Repeat these steps for each cluster in the global environment.
5. In the Remote cluster information dialog box, click Next.
6. Click Finish.
Bringing a Remote Service Group Online

1. In the Service Groups tab of the of the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, right-click
the service group.
or
2. Click Online, and click Remote online.

3. In the Online global group dialog box:
a. Click the remote cluster to bring the group online.
b. Click the specific system, or click Any System, to bring the group online.
c. Click OK.
Taking a Remote Service Group Offline

service group.
or
2. Click Offline, and click Remote offline.
3. In the Offline global group dialog box:
a. Click the remote cluster to take the group offline.
b. Click the specific system, or click All Systems, to take the group offline.
c. Click OK.

Switching a Remote Service Group

service group.
or
2. Click Switch To, and click Remote switch.
3. In the Switch global group dialog box:
a. Click the cluster to switch the group.
b. Click the specific system, or click Any System, to take the group offline.
c. Click OK.
Administering Global Heartbeats

Use Cluster Explorer to add, modify, and delete heartbeats in a global cluster
environment. Icmp heartbeats send Icmp packets simultaneously to all IP addresses; IcmpS
heartbeats send individual Icmp packets to IP addresses in serial order. Global clustering
requires a minimum of one heartbeat between clusters; the Icmp heartbeat is added when
the cluster is added to the environment. You can add additional heartbeats as a
precautionary measure.
Adding a Global Heartbeat

▼ To add a cluster heartbeat from Cluster Explorer
1. Click Configure Heartbeats on the Edit menu.
2. In the Heartbeat Configuration dialog box:
a. Enter the name of the heartbeat.
b. Select the check box next to the name of the cluster to add it to the cluster list for
the heartbeat.
c. Click the icon in the Configure column to open the Heartbeat Settings dialog
box.

d. Specify the value of the Arguments attribute and various timeout and interval
fields. Click + to add an argument value; click - to delete it.
e. Click OK.
f. Click OK on the Heartbeat configuration dialog box.
▼ To add a cluster heartbeat from Command Center
1. Click Commands>Configuration>Cluster Objects>Add Heartbeat.
2. Enter the name of the heartbeat.
3. Click Apply.
Modifying a Global Heartbeat

1. From Cluster Explorer, click Configure Heartbeats on the Edit menu.
2. In the Heartbeat Configuration dialog box:
a. Click Existing Heartbeat.
b. Click the name of the existing heartbeat from the menu.
c. Select or clear the check box next to the name of a cluster to add or remove it from
the cluster list for the heartbeat.
d. If necessary, click the icon in the Configure column to open the Heartbeat
Settings dialog box. Otherwise, proceed to step 2g.
e. Change the values of the Arguments attribute and various timeout and interval
fields. Click + to add an argument value; click - to delete it.
f. Click OK.
g. Click OK on the Heartbeat Configuration dialog box.

Deleting a Global Heartbeat

Note You cannot delete the last heartbeat between global clusters.
▼ To delete a cluster heartbeat from Command Center
1. Click Commands>Configuration>Cluster Objects>Delete Heartbeat.
2. Click the heartbeat to delete.
3. Click Apply.

Administering Global Clusters from
Cluster Manager (Web Console) 18
The Global Cluster Option is required to manage global clustering for wide-area disaster
recovery from the Web console. The process of creating a global cluster environment
involves creating a common service group for specified clusters, making sure all the
service groups are capable of being brought online in the specified clusters, connecting the
standalone clusters, and converting the service group that is common to all the clusters to
a global service group. Use the console to add and delete remote clusters, create global
service groups, and manage cluster heartbeats.
Creating a global cluster environment requires the following conditions:
✔ All service groups are properly configured and able to come online.
✔ The service group that will serve as the global group has the same unique name
across all applicable clusters.
✔ The clusters must use the same version of VCS.
✔ The clusters must use the same operating system.
✔ The clusters are standalone and do not already belong to a global cluster environment.
information.
Note Cluster Manager (Web Console) provides disabled individuals access to and use of
information and data that is comparable to the access and use provided to
non-disabled individuals. Refer to the appendix “Accessibility and VCS” for more
information.
503

Use this procedure to create global clusters by linking standalone clusters.
✔ If you are creating a global cluster environment for the first time with two standalone
clusters, run the operation from either of the clusters.
✔ If you are adding a standalone cluster to an existing global cluster environment, run
the operation from a cluster already in the global cluster environment.
The following information is required for this procedure:
✔ The IP address of the cluster, the IP address of a system in the cluster, or the name of a
system in the cluster being added to the configuration.
✔ The user name and password of the administrator for the cluster being added to the
configuration.
VERITAS does not support adding a cluster that is already part of a global cluster
environment. To merge the clusters of one global cluster environment (for example,
cluster A and cluster B) with the clusters of another global environment (for example,
cluster C and cluster D), separate cluster C and cluster D into standalone clusters and add
them one by one to the environment containing cluster A and cluster B.
▼ To add a remote cluster to a global environment
1. From the Cluster Summary page, click Add Remote Cluster in the left pane.

2. Enter the details for the new cluster.
a. Enter the IP address of the cluster, the IP address of a cluster system, or the name
of a cluster system.
d. Click Next.
Chapter 18, Administering Global Clusters from Cluster Manager (Web Console) 505
3. Click Finish.


The Web Console enables you to delete a remote cluster. This operation involves the
following tasks:
✔ Taking the wac resource in the ClusterService group offline in the cluster that will be
removed from the global environment. For example, to delete cluster C2 from a global
environment containing C1 and C2, log on to C2 and take the wac resource offline.
✔ Removing the name of the specified cluster (C2) from the cluster lists of the other
global groups; the Web Console updates the cluster lists for heartbeats. Log on to the
local cluster (C1) to complete this task using the Global Groups Wizard.
✔ Removing the cluster (C2) from the local cluster (C1) using the Cluster Summary page
on the local cluster (C1).
Note You cannot delete a remote cluster if the cluster is part of a cluster list for global
service groups or global heartbeats, or if the cluster is in the RUNNING, BUILD,
INQUIRY, EXITING, or TRANSITIONING states.
Taking the wac Resource Offline

1. From the Resource page for wac, click Offline in the left pane.
2. In the Offline Resource dialog box:
a. Select the system to take the resource offline.
b. Click OK.
Removing a Cluster from a Cluster List for a Global Group

1. From the Cluster Summary, Service Groups, or Service Group page, click Global
Groups Wizard in the left pane.
2. In the Global Group Configuration dialog box:
a. Select the global group.
b. For global to local cluster conversion, select the cluster to delete in the Current
ClusterList box.
c. Click the left arrow to move the cluster name from the current cluster list back to
the Available Clusters box.
d. Select the policy for cluster failover:

e. Click Next.

3. Click the edit icon (...) in the Settings column to specify information about each
cluster.
4. Enter or verify the required information for remote clusters:
a. Enter the IP address of the remote cluster, the IP address of a cluster system, or
the host name of a cluster system.
d. Click Next.
5. Click No if you want the operation to be completed only if the wizard can connect to
all selected clusters.
Click Next.
6. Click Finish.

Removing a Remote Cluster from the Local Cluster

1. From the Cluster Summary page, click Delete Remote Cluster in the left pane.
2. In the Remove Cluster dialog box, select the cluster to delete and click Next.
3. Click the edit icon (...) in the Settings column to specify information about each
cluster.
4. Enter or verify the required information for remote clusters:
d. Click Next.
6. Click Next.
7. Click Finish.


After connecting clusters in a global cluster environment, use the Global Group
Configuration Wizard to convert a local service group that is common to the global
clusters to a global group. This wizard also enables you to convert global groups into local
groups.
Administering global groups requires the following conditions:
✔ A group that will serve as the global group must have the same name across all
applicable clusters.
✔ You must know the user name and password for the administrator for each cluster in
the configuration.
Use the Web Console to bring a global group online and take a global group offline on a
remote cluster.
Converting Local and Global Service Groups

1. From the Cluster Summary, Service Groups, or Service Group page, click Global
Groups Wizard in the left pane.
2. In the Global Group Configuration dialog box:
a. Select the service group that will serve as the global group.
b. From the Available Clusters box, select the clusters on which the global group
can come online. Click the right arrow to move the cluster name to the Current
ClusterList box.

d. Click Next.

3. Click the edit icon (...) in the Settings column to specify information about the remote
cluster.
4. Enter or verify the required information for the remote cluster:
c. Enter the priority number (starting with 0) for the cluster on which the global
group will attempt to come online.
d. Enter the user name and the password.
e. Click Next.
6. Click Next.
7. Click Finish.

Bringing a Remote Service Group Online

1. From the Service Group page, click Online in the left pane.
2. In the Online Group dialog box:
a. Select the cluster in which to bring the service group online, or click Anywhere.
b. Select the system on which to bring the service group online, or click Anywhere.
c. To run a PreOnline script, select the Run preonline script check box. This
user-defined script checks for external conditions before bringing a group online.
d. Click OK.
Taking a Remote Service Group Offline

1. From the Service Group page, click Offline in the left pane.
2. In the Offline Group dialog box:
a. Select the cluster from which to take the service group offline.
a. Select the system from which to take the service group offline
b. Click OK.


1. From the Service Group page, click Switch in the left pane.
2. In the Switch Group dialog box:
a. Select the cluster to switch the service group to, or click Anywhere.
b. Select the system to switch the service group to, or click Anywhere.
c. Click OK.

Use the Cluster Heartbeats page to add, delete, and configure heartbeats in a global
cluster environment. Global clustering requires a minimum of one heartbeat between
clusters; you can add additional heartbeats as a precautionary measure.
Adding a Global Heartbeat

1. From the Cluster Heartbeats page, click Add Heartbeat in the left pane.
2. In the Add Heartbeat dialog box:
a. Enter the name of the heartbeat.
b. Clear the check box next to the cluster name if you do not want that cluster added
to the cluster list for the heartbeat.

c. Click the edit icon (...) in the Settings column to specify the value for the
Arguments attribute and various timeout and interval fields.
d. After entering the necessary values in the Advanced Heartbeat Attributes dialog
box, click Save.
e. Click OK.
Deleting a Global Heartbeat

Note You cannot delete the last heartbeat between global clusters.
1. From the Cluster Heartbeats page, click Delete Heartbeat in the left pane.
2. In the Delete Heartbeat dialog box, select the heartbeat and click OK.
Modifying a Global Heartbeat

1. From the Cluster Heartbeats page, click Modify Heartbeat in the left pane.
2. In the Modify Heartbeat dialog box:
a. Select the name of the heartbeat that you want to modify.
b. If necessary, alter the cluster list for the heartbeat by clearing the appropriate
check boxes.
c. Click the edit icon (...) in the Settings column to alter the values of the Arguments
attribute and various timeout and interval fields.
d. After changing the necessary values in the Advanced Heartbeat Attributes dialog
box, click Save.
e. Click OK.

Setting Up Replicated Data Clusters 19
The Replicated Data Cluster (RDC) configuration provides both local high availability
and disaster recovery functionality in a single VCS cluster.
This chapter describes how to setup RDC in a VCS environment using VERITAS Volume
Replicator (VVR.)
About Replicated Data Clusters

A Replicated Data Cluster (RDC) uses data replication to assure data access to nodes. An
RDC exists within a single VCS cluster. In an RDC configuration, if an application or a
system fails, the application is failed over to another system within the current primary
site. If the entire primary site fails, the application is migrated to a system in the remote
secondary site (which then becomes the new primary).
For VVR replication to occur, the disk groups containing the Replicated Volume Group
(RVG) must be imported at the primary and secondary sites. The replication service group
must be online at both sites simultaneously, and must be configured as a hybrid VCS
service group.
The application service group is configured as a failover service group. The application
service group must be configured with an online local hard dependency on the replication
service group.
Note VVR supports multiple replication secondary targets for any given primary.
However, RDC for VCS supports only one replication secondary for a primary.
An RDC configuration is appropriate in situations where dual dedicated LLT links are
available between the primary site and the disaster recovery secondary site but lacks
shared storage or SAN interconnect between the primary and secondary data centers. In
an RDC, data replication technology is employed to provide node access to data in a
remote site.
Note You must use dual dedicated LLT links between the replicated nodes.
523
How VCS Replicated Data Clusters Work
How VCS Replicated Data Clusters Work

To understand how a replicated data cluster configuration works, let us take the example
of an Oracle database configured in a VCS RDC. The configuration has two system zones:
◆ Primary zone (zone 0) comprising nodes located at the primary site and attached to
the primary storage
◆ Secondary zone (zone 1) comprising nodes located at the secondary site and attached
to the secondary storage
Oracle is installed and configured on all nodes in the cluster. Oracle data is located on
shared disks within each RDC zone and is replicated across RDC zones to ensure data
concurrency. The Oracle service group is online on a system in the current primary zone
and is configured to fail over in the cluster.
Public Clients
Zone 0 Network Redirected Zone 1
Private Network
Oracle Oracle
Group Group
Application
Failover
Replicated
Data
Separate Separate
Storage Storage
In the event of a system or application failure, VCS attempts to fail over the Oracle service
group to another system within the same RDC zone. However, in the event that VCS fails
to find a failover target node within the primary RDC zone, VCS switches the service
group to a node in the current secondary RDC zone (zone 1). VCS also redirects clients
once the application is online on the new location.

Setting up a Replicated Data Cluster Configuration

This section describes the steps for planning, configuring, testing, and using the VCS RDC
configuration to provide a robust and easy-to-manage disaster recovery protection for
your applications. It describes an example of converting a single instance Oracle database
configured for local high availability in a VCS cluster to a disaster-protected RDC
infrastructure. The solution uses VERITAS Volume Replicator to replicate changed data.
The following illustration depicts a typical RDC configuration:
Application Group
Application
MountV Lanman
RVGPrimary IP
NIC
online local hard dependency
Replication Group
RVG
DiskGroup IP
NIC
In this example, a single-instance Oracle database is configured as a VCS service group

(oragroup) on a four-node cluster, with two nodes in the primary RDC system zone and
two in the secondary RDC system zone. In the event of a failure on the primary node, VCS
fails over Oracle to the second node in the primary zone.
The process involves the following steps:
◆ Setting Up Replication
◆ Configuring the Service Groups
◆ Configuring the Service Group Dependencies
Chapter 19, Setting Up Replicated Data Clusters 525

Setting Up Replication
VERITAS Volume Replicator (VVR) technology is a license-enabled feature of VERITAS
Volume Manager (VxVM), so you can convert VxVM-managed volumes into replicated
volumes managed using VVR. In this example, the process involves grouping the Oracle
data volumes into a Replicated Volume Group (RVG), and creating the VVR Secondary on
hosts in another VCS cluster, located in your DR site.
When setting up VVR, it is a best practice to use the same DiskGroup and RVG name on
both sites. This means that just the RLinks attribute needs to be modified to reflect the
name of the secondary RLink. If the volume names are the same on both zones, the Mount
resources will mount the same block devices, and the same Oracle instance will start on
the secondary in case of a failover.
Configuring the Service Groups
▼ To configure the replication group
1. Create a hybrid service group (oragrp_rep) for replication. You can use the
VvrRvgGroup template to create the service group. For more information about
hybrid service groups, see “Types of Service Groups” on page 12.
2. Copy the DiskGroup resource from the application to the new group. Configure the
resource to point to the disk group that contains the RVG.
3. Configure new resources of type IP and NIC.
4. Configure a new resource of type RVG in the service group. The RVG agent ships
with the VVR software. If the RVG resource type is not defined in your configuration,
import it, as instructed below.
a. On the File menu, click Import Types.
b. In the Import Types dialog box, Click the file from which to import the resource
type. By default, the RVG resource type is located at the path
/etc/VRTSvcs/conf/VVRTypes.cf.
c. Click Import.

5. Configure the following attributes of the RVG resource:

◆ RVG—The name of the RVG.
◆ DiskGroup—The name of the diskgroup containing the RVG.
◆ Primary—Whether this is the Primary.
◆ SRL—The name of the SRL volume associated with the RVG.
◆ RLinks—Names of Rlinks associated with the RVG. You can retrieve Rlink names
by using the vxprint -l command.
Note The RVG resource starts, stops, and monitors the RVG in its current state and does
not promote or demote VVR when you want to change the direction of replication.
The RVGPrimary agent manages that task.
6. Set resource dependencies as per the following information:

◆ RVG resource depends on the IP resource
◆ RVG resource depends on the DiskGroup resource
◆ IP resource depends on the NIC resource
7. Set the SystemZones attribute of the child group, oragrp_rep, such that all nodes in
the primary RDC zone are in system zone 0 and all nodes in the secondary RDC zone
are in system zone 1.
▼ To configure the application service group
1. In the original Oracle service group (oragroup), delete the DiskGroup resource.
2. Add an RVGPrimary resource and configure its attributes.

Set the value of the RvgResourceName attribute to the name of the RVG type resource
that will be promoted and demoted by the RVGPrimary agent.
Set the AutoTakeover and AutoResync attributes from their defaults as desired. See
“RVGPrimary agent” on page 451 for more information about the agent.
3. Set resource dependencies such that all Mount resources depend on the RVGPrimary
resource. If there are a lot of Mount resources, you can set the TypeDependencies
attribute for the group to denote that the Mount resource type depends on the
RVGPRimary resource type.

4. Set the SystemZones attribute of the Oracle service group such that all nodes in the
primary RDC zone are in system zone 0 and all nodes in the secondary RDC zone are
in zone 1. The SystemZones attribute of both the parent and the child group must be
identical.
5. If your setup uses BIND DNS, add a resource of type DNS to the oragroup service
group. Set the Hostname attribute to the canonical name of the host or virtual IP
address that the application uses on that cluster. This ensures DNS updates to the site
when the group is brought online. A DNS resource would be necessary only if the
nodes in the primary and the secondary RDC zones are in different IP subnets.
Configuring the Service Group Dependencies

Set an online local hard group dependency from application service group to the replication
service group to ensure that the service groups fail over and switch together.
1. In the Cluster Explorer configuration tree, select the cluster name.
dependency graph.
3. Click Link.
4. Click the parent group oragroup and move the mouse toward the child group,
oragroup_rep.
5. Click the child group oragroup_rep.
6. On the Link Service Groups dialog box, click the online local relationship and the
hard dependency type and click OK.


In the RDC set up for the Oracle database, consider a case where the primary RDC zone
suffers a total failure of the shared storage. In this situation, none of the nodes in the
primary zone see any device.
The Oracle service group cannot fail over locally within the primary RDC zone, because
the shared volumes cannot be mounted on any node. So, the service group must fail over,
to a node in the current secondary RDC zone.
The RVGPrimary agent ensures that VVR volumes are made writable and the DNS agent
ensures that name services are resolved to the DR site. The application can be started at
the DR site and run there until the problem with the local storage is corrected.
If the storage problem is corrected, you can switch the application to the primary site
using VCS.
Switching the Service Group

Before switching the application back to the original primary RDC zone, you must
resynchronize any changed data from the active DR site since the failover. This can be
done manually through VVR or by running a VCS action from the RVGPrimary resource.
2. Click Actions.
a. From the Action list, choose fast-failback.
c. Click OK.

This begins a fast-failback of the replicated data set. You can monitor the value of the
ResourceInfo attribute for the RVG resource to determine when the resynchronization
has completed.
4. Once the resynchronization completes, switch the service group to the primary
cluster.
a. In the Service Groups tab of the of the Cluster Explorer configuration tree,
right-click the service group.
b. Click Switch To and select the system in the primary RDC zone to switch to and
click OK.

You can use fire drills to test the configuration's fault readiness by mimicking a failover
without stopping the application in the primary data center. See “Setting Up a Fire Drill”
on page 467 for instructions.

Setting Up Campus Clusters 20
The Campus Cluster configuration provides local high availability and disaster recovery
functionality in a single VCS cluster. This configuration uses mirroring to duplicate data
at different sites. There is no host or array replication involved
VCS supports campus clusters employing cluster disk groups mirrored with VERITAS
Volume Manager.
531
How VCS Campus Clusters Work

Let us take the example of an Oracle database configured in a VCS campus cluster. Oracle
is installed and configured in the cluster. Oracle data is located on shared disks.
VCS is configured on two nodes: node 1 is located at site A and node 2 at site B. The
shared data is located on mirrored volumes on a cluster disk group configured using
VERITAS Volume Manager.
◆ For each plex at site A, there is a plex at site B
◆ Single VCS cluster spanning multiple locations
◆ One disk group with the same number of disks at each site
◆ Logical volumes managed and mirrored using VM
◆ No host or array replication involved
Campus Cluster
Site A Site B
Node 1 Node 2
VxVM RAID 1 Mirror
The disk group is configured in VCS as a resource of type DiskGroup and is mounted
using the Volume resource type. A resource of type CampusCluster monitors the paths to
the disk group.
VCS continuously monitors and communicates events between cluster nodes. In the event
of a system or application failure, VCS attempts to fail over the Oracle service group to
another system in the cluster. VCS ensures that the disk group is imported by the node
hosting the Oracle service group. If the original system comes up again, the VCS
CampusCluster agent initiates a fast mirror resync (FMR) to synchronize data at both
sites.

Takeover
In case of an outage at site A, VCS imports the disk group at site B and fails the service
group over to the node at site B. The disk group is imported with all devices at the failed
site marked as NODEVICE.
Fast-failback
Fast-failback provides the ability to resynchronize changed regions after a takeover if the
original side returns in its original form, with minimal downtime.
When site A comes up again, the Volume Manager Dual Multi-pathing Daemon (DMP)
detects the disks at site A and adds them to the disk group.
In this scenario, the CampusCluster agent performs a fast resynchronization of the
original disks.
Link Failure
If a link between a node and its shared storage breaks, the node loses access to the remote
disks but no takeover occurs. A power outage at the remote site could cause this situation.
Because the host has its ID stamped on the disks, when the disks return, the
CampusCluster agent initiates a fast mirror resync.
Split-brain
Split-brain occurs when all heartbeat links between the hosts are cut and each side
mistakenly thinks the other side is down. To minimize the effects of split-brain, make sure
the LLT and heartbeat links are robust and do not fail at the same time.
Minimize risks by running heartbeat traffic and I/O traffic over same physical medium
using technologies like DWDM. So if heartbeats are disrupted, the I/O communication is
disrupted too. Each site interprets the situation as a takeover or as link failure.
If you use SCSI III fencing in a two-site campus cluster, you must distribute coordinator
disks such that you have two disks at one site and one disk at the other site. If the site with
the two coordinator disks goes down, the other site panics to protect the data and must be
restarted with the vxfenconfig command. VERITAS recommends having a third site
with a coordinator disk. See “Coordinator Disks” on page 318 for more information.
Chapter 20, Setting Up Campus Clusters 533

Setting Up a Campus Cluster Configuration

This section provides an overview of the steps involved in setting up a campus cluster.
Prerequisites
✔ Verify VERITAS Volume Manager 4.1 is installed with the FMR license.
✔ You must have a single VCS cluster with at least one node in each of two sites, where
the sites are separated by a physical distance of no more than 80 kilometers. they must
share data and have a private heartbeat network.
✔ All volumes that have data required by the application must be evenly mirrored. Each
site must have at least one plex of all volumes hosting application data, including the
FMR Log volume.
✔ VERITAS recommends that you disable the Volume Manager Relocation Daemon to
prevent plex relocation when the remote site suffers an outage.
✔ VERITAS recommends that you distinguish the physical location of each disk either
by controller number or enclosure name. For example, controller 2 manages local
devices and controller 3 manages remote devices. Differentiation by controller
number avoids the need to scan all disks; differentiation by enclosure might help in
disk placement.
Instructions
1. Set up the physical infrastructure. Verify each node is has access to the local storage
arrays and to remote storage arrays.
2. Install Volume Manager and VCS on the cluster nodes.
3. Create a cluster disk group with disks from both sites.
4. Create one or more mirrored volumes in the disk group; do not create a mirror
between two disks at the same physical location, such as in the same array.
5. Verify the disk group can be manually deported and imported on each node in the
cluster.
6. Configure the disk group in VCS.
7. Configure the application and other related resources.

8. Add a resource of type CampusCluster to the service group. Create resource

dependencies such that the DiskGroup resource depends on the CampusCluster
resource.
9. Configure the CampusCluster resource.

Set the DiskGroup attribute to the same name as the DiskGroup attribute of the
resource which depends on it.
If different controllers connect to the different sites, localize the RemoteCtlr attribute
and set the attribute to the name of the controller that manages the remote disks from
the point of view of the host. For instance, if controller c2 is connected to remote disks
from standpoint of host vcs_a, then
# hares -local campus RemoteCtlr
# hares -modify campus RemoteCtlr c2 -sys vcs_a
10. Bring the service group online.
Chapter 20, Setting Up Campus Clusters 535


Section VI. Troubleshooting and Performance
This section provides helpful troubleshooting and recovery tips for VCS. The section
describes VCS Simulator, a tool that can be used to simulate VCS configurations and test
VCS behavior on standalone systems. It also explains VCS performance considerations
and the impact on cluster configurations.
Section VI includes the following chapters:
◆ Chapter 21. “Predicting VCS Behavior Using VCS Simulator” on page 539
◆ Chapter 22. “VCS Performance Considerations” on page 553
◆ Chapter 23. “Troubleshooting and Recovery for VCS” on page 569

Predicting VCS Behavior
Using VCS Simulator 21
VCS Simulator enables you to simulate and test cluster configurations. Use VCS Simulator
to view and modify service group and resource configurations and test failover behavior.
VCS Simulator can be run on a standalone system and does not require any additional
hardware.
VCS Simulator runs an identical version of the VCS High Availability Daemon (HAD) as
in a cluster, ensuring that failover decisions are identical to those in an actual cluster. VCS
Simulator enables testing and tuning of multiple values governing the rules of failover,
such as SystemList, Limits and Prerequisites, and Load and Capacity.
You can test configurations from different operating systems using VCS Simulator. For
example, you can run VCS Simulator on a Windows system and test VCS configurations
for Windows, Linux, and Solaris clusters. VCS Simulator also enables creating and testing
global clusters.
You can administer VCS Simulator from the Java Console or from the command line.
Installing VCS Simulator

Note VERITAS also provides a Simulator Demo, which is available as a download from
http://www.veritas.com. Do not install the Simulator Demo on systems running
Cluster Manager (Java Console) or the Simulator version packaged with VCS.
▼ To install VCS Simulator on UNIX systems
1. Insert the VCS installation disc into a drive.
2. Navigate to the rpms directory and locate the package VRTScssim.
3. Install the VRTScssim package using the rpm command.

To use Cluster Manager with Simulator, you must also install the VRTScscm package.
539
▼ To install VCS Simulator on Windows systems
1. Insert the VCS installation disc into a drive.
2. From Windows Explorer, navigate to the path of the Simulator installer file, located at
windows\WindowsInstallers\WindowsSimulator\EN\.
3. Double-click the installer file.
4. Read the information in the Welcome screen and click Next.
5. In the Destination Folders dialog box, click Next to accepted the suggested
installation path or click Change to choose a different location.
6. In the Ready to Install the Program dialog box, click Back to make changes to your
selections or click Install to proceed with the installation.
7. In the Installshield Wizard Completed dialog box, click Finish.

Reviewing the Installation

VCS Simulator installs Cluster Manager (Java Console) and Simulator binaries on the
system. The Simulator installation creates the following directories:
Directory Contents
attrpool Information about attributes associated with VCS objects.
bin VCS Simulator binaries.
default_clus Files for the default cluster configuration.
sample_clus A sample cluster configuration, which serves as a template for each

new cluster configuration.
templates Various templates used by the Java Console.
types The types.cf files for all supported platforms.
Additionally, VCS Simulator installs directories for various cluster configurations.

VCS Simulator creates a directory for every new simulated cluster and copies the contents
of the sample_clus directory. Simulator also creates a logs directory within each cluster
directory for logs associated with the cluster.
Simulator Ports
VCS Simulator uses the following ports:
◆ Ports 15550 through 15558 to connect to the various cluster configurations.
◆ Ports 15560 through 15563 for the wide area connector (WAC) process.
Set the WAC port to -1 to disable WAC simulation.
Chapter 21, Predicting VCS Behavior Using VCS Simulator 541

Administering VCS Simulator From the Java Console

The Simulator Console enables you to start, stop, and manage simulated clusters.
The console provides two views:

◆ Cluster View—Lists all simulated cluster.
◆ Global View—Lists global clusters.
Through the Java Console, VCS Simulator enables you to configure a simulated cluster
panel, bring a system in an unknown state into an online state, simulate power loss for
running systems, simulate resource faults, and save the configuration while VCS is offline.
For global clusters, you can simulate the process of generating and clearing cluster faults.
You can run multiple simulated clusters on a system by using different port numbers for
each cluster.
The Java Console provides the same views and features that are available for online
configurations. See “Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Java Console)” on

Starting VCS Simulator from the Java Console

▼ To start VCS Simulator from the Java Console (Windows)
Click Start > Programs > VERITAS > VCS Simulator - Java Console.
▼ To start VCS Simulator from the Java Console (UNIX)
1. Type the following command to grant the system permission to display on the
desktop:
# xhost +
2. Configure the shell environment variable DISPLAY on the system where Cluster
Manager will be launched. For example, if using Korn shell, type the following
command to display on the system myws:
# export DISPLAY=myws:0
3. Run the following command:

# /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/hasimgui

Creating a Simulated Cluster

You can start a sample cluster configuration or create a new simulated cluster. See
“Starting a Simulated Cluster” on page 545 to start a simulated cluster.
▼ To create a simulated cluster
1. In the Simulator console, click Add Cluster.
2. In the Add Cluster dialog box:
a. Enter a name for the new cluster.
b. Accept the suggested system name or enter a new name for a system in the
cluster.
c. Enter a unique port number for the simulated cluster.
d. Select the platform for the cluster nodes.
e. If the cluster will be part of a a global cluster configuration, select the Enable
Global Cluster Option check box and enter a unique port number for the
wide-area connector (WAC) process.
f. Click OK.
VCS creates a simulated one-node cluster and creates a new directory for the cluster’s
configuration files. VCS also creates a user called admin with Cluster Administrator
privileges. You can start the simulated cluster and administer it by launching the Java
Console.

Starting a Simulated Cluster

1. In the Simulator console, select the cluster.
2. Click Start Cluster.
3. After the cluster starts, click Launch Console to administer the cluster.
4. Enter a valid user name and password to log on to the cluster.
Note VCS Simulator does not validate passwords; you can log on to a simulated cluster
by just entering a valid VCS user name. If you use the default configuration, enter
admin for the user name.
The animated display shows various objects, such as service groups and resources, being
transferred from the server to the console.
Cluster Explorer is launched upon initial logon, and the icons in the cluster panel change
color to indicate an active panel.
Verifying a Simulated Cluster Configuration

1. In the Simulator console, select the cluster.
2. Click Verify Configuration.
Simulating a Global Cluster Configuration

1. Create the simulated clusters for the global configuration. See “Creating a Simulated
Cluster” on page 544 for instructions.
Note Select the Enable Global Cluster Option check box and enter a unique port number
for the wide-area connector (WAC) process.
2. In the Simulator console, click Make Global.

3. In the Make Global Configuration dialog box:
a. Select an existing global cluster or enter the name for a new global cluster.
b. From the Available Clusters list, select the clusters to add to the global cluster
and click the right arrow. The clusters move to the Configured Clusters list.
c. Click OK.
Bringing a System Online

1. From Cluster Explorer, click the Systems tab of the configuration tree.
2. Right-click the system in an unknown state, and click Up.
Powering Off a System

1. From Cluster Explorer, click the Systems tab of the configuration tree.
2. Right-click the online system, and click Power Off.
Saving the Offline Configuration

1. From Cluster Explorer, click Save Configuration As from the File menu.
2. Enter the path location.
3. Click OK.

Simulating a Resource Fault

1. From Cluster Explorer, click the Service Groups tab of the configuration tree.
2. Right-click an online resource, click Fault Resource, and click the system name.
Simulating Cluster Faults in Global Clusters

Use VCS Simulator to imitate the process of generating and clearing cluster faults. See
“Monitoring Alerts” on page 207 for information on declaring cluster faults.
▼ To generate a cluster fault
1. From Cluster Explorer, click the cluster in the configuration tree.
2. Right-click the cluster, click Fault Cluster, and click the cluster name.
▼ To clear a cluster fault
1. From Cluster Explorer, click the cluster in the configuration tree.
2. Right-click the cluster, click Clear Cluster Fault, and click the cluster name.

Administering VCS Simulator from the Command Line

The functionality of the VCS Simulator command line interface mimics that of standard
ha commands. Start VCS Simulator before creating or administering simulated clusters.
Starting VCS Simulator From the Command Line

▼ To start VCS Simulator from the command line (UNIX)
1. To simulate a cluster running a particular operating system, copy the types.cf. file for
the operating system from the types directory to
/opt/VRTSsim/default_clus/conf/config/.
For example, if the cluster to be simulated runs on the AIX platform, copy the file
types.cf.aix.
2. Add custom type definitions to the file, if required, and rename the file to types.cf.
3. If you have a main.cf file to run in the simulated cluster, copy it to

/opt/VRTSsim/default_clus/conf/config/.
4. Start VCS Simulator:

# sim_dir/hasim -start system_name
The variable system_name represents a system name, as defined in the configuration
file main.cf. This command starts Simulator on port 14153.
For example, to start the default cluster:
# sim_dir/hasim -start sys1
Note that the default configuration includes system sys1.
5. Add systems to the configuration, if desired:

# sim_dir/hasim -sys -add system_name
# sim_dir/hasim -up system_name
6. Verify the states of each node in the cluster:

# sim_dir/hasim -sys -state
Use the command line or the Java Console to manage the simulated cluster.
Note For instructions on simulating a global cluster environment, see “To simulate global
clusters from the command line” on page 550.

▼ To start VCS Simulator from the command line (Windows)

VCS Simulator installs platform-specific types.cf files at the path
%VCS_SIMULATOR_HOME%\types\. The variable %VCS_SIMULATOR_HOME%
represents the Simulator installation directory, typically C:\Program
Files\VERITAS\VCS Simulator\.
1. To simulate a cluster running a particular operating system, copy the types.cf. file for
the operating system from the types directory to
%VCS_SIMULATOR_HOME%\default_clus\conf\config\.
For example, if the cluster to be simulated runs on the AIX platform, copy the file
types.cf.aix.
2. Add custom type definitions to the file, if required, and rename the file to types.cf.
3. If you have a main.cf file to run in the simulated cluster, copy it to

%VCS_SIMULATOR_HOME%\default_clus\conf\config\.
4. Start VCS Simulator:

%VCS_SIMULATOR_HOME%\bin> hasim -start system_name
The variable system_name represents a system name, as defined in the configuration
file main.cf.
This command starts Simulator on port 14153.
5. Add systems to the configuration, if desired:

%VCS_SIMULATOR_HOME%\bin> hasim -sys -add system_name
%VCS_SIMULATOR_HOME%\bin> hasim -up system_name
6. Verify the state of each node in the cluster:

%VCS_SIMULATOR_HOME%\bin> hasim -sys -state
Note For instructions on simulating a global cluster environment, see “To simulate global
clusters from the command line” on page 550.

▼ To simulate global clusters from the command line
1. Install VCS Simulator in a directory (sim_dir) on your system. For instructions, see
“Installing VCS Simulator” on page 539.
2. Set up the clusters on your system. Run the following command to add a cluster:
# sim_dir/hasim -setupclus clustername -simport
port_no -wacport port_no
Note Do not use default_clus as the cluster name when simulating a global cluster.
VCS Simulator copies the sample configurations to the path sim_dir/clustername

and creates a system named clustername_sys1.
For example, to add cluster clus_a using ports 15555 and 15575, run the following
command:
# sim_dir/hasim -setupclus clus_a -simport 15555 -wacport 15575
Similarly, add the second cluster:
# sim_dir/hasim -setupclus clus_b -simport 15556 -wacport 15576
Note To create multiple clusters without simulating a global cluster environment, specify
-1 for the wacport.
3. Start the simulated clusters:

# sim_dir/hasim -start clustername_sys1 -clus clustername
4. Set the following environment variables to access VCS Simulator from the command
line:
◆ VCS_SIM_PORT=port_number
◆ VCS_SIM_WAC_PORT=wacport
Note that you must set these variables for each simulated cluster, otherwise Simulator
always connects default_clus, the default cluster.
You can use the Java Console to link the clusters and to configure global service groups.
See “Administering the Cluster from Cluster Manager (Java Console)” on page 109 for
more information.
You can also edit the configuration file main.cf manually to create the global cluster
configuration.

Administering Simulated Clusters from the Command Line

The functionality of VCS Simulator commands mimic that of standard ha commands.
Command Description
hasim -start system_name Starts VCS Simulator. The variable system_name represents
the system that will transition from the LOCAL_BUILD state to
RUNNING.
hasim -setupclus Creates a simulated cluster and associates the specified ports
clustername -simport with the cluster.
port_no
[-wacport port_no]
[-sys systemname]
hasim -start Starts VCS Simulator on the cluster specified by clustername.

clustername_sys1 If you start VCS Simulator with the -disablel10n option,
[-clus clustername] the simulated cluster does not accept localized values for
[-disablel10n] attributes. Use this option when simulating a UNIX
configuration on a Windows system to prevent potential
corruption when importing the simulated configuration to a
UNIX cluster.
hasim -stop Stops the simulation process.
hasim -poweroff Gracefully shuts down the system.

system_name
hasim -up system_name Brings the system up.
hasim -fault system_name Faults the specified resource on the specified system.
resource_name
hasim -online system_name Brings specified resource online. This command is useful if
resource_name you have simulated a fault of a persistent resource and want
to now simulate the fix.
hasim -faultcluster Simulates a cluster fault.

clustername
hasim -clearcluster Clears a simulated cluster fault.

clustername
hasim -getsimconfig Retrieves information about VCS Simulator ports.

cluster_name

Command Description
hasim -hb [..] Equivalent to standard hahb command.
hasim -disablel10n Disables localized inputs for attribute values. Use this option
when simulating UNIX configurations on Windows systems.
hasim -clus [...] Equivalent to standard haclus command.
hasim -sys [...] Equivalent to standard hasys command.
hasim -grp [...] Equivalent to standard hagrp command.
hasim -res [...] Equivalent to standard hares command.
hasim -type [...] Equivalent to standard hatype command.
hasim -conf [...] Equivalent to standard haconf command.
hasim -attr [...] Equivalent to standard haattr command.

VCS Performance Considerations 22
This chapter describes factors that affect VCS operations, such as bringing a resource or
service group online, taking them offline, and failing service groups over to a different
system.
How Cluster Components Affect Performance

VCS and its agents run on the same systems as the applications. Therefore, VCS attempts
to minimize its impact on overall system performance. The three main components of
clustering that have an impact on performance include the kernel; specifically, GAB and
LLT, the VCS engine (HAD), and the VCS agents. For details on attributes or commands
mentioned in the following sections, see the chapter on administering VCS from the
command line and the appendix on VCS attributes.
Kernel Components (GAB and LLT)

Typically, overhead of VCS kernel components is minimal. Kernel components provide
heartbeat and atomic information exchange among cluster systems. By default, each
system in the cluster sends two small heartbeat packets per second to other systems in the
cluster. Heartbeat packets are sent over all network links configured in the /etc/llttab
configuration file. System-to-system communication is load-balanced across all private
network links. If a link fails, VCS continues to use all remaining links. Typically, network
links are private and do not increase traffic on the public network or LAN. You can
configure a public network (LAN) link as low-priority, which by default generates a small
(approximately 64-byte) broadcast packet per second from each system, and which will
carry data only when all private network links have failed.
553
The VCS Engine “HAD”

The VCS engine, HAD, runs as a daemon process. By default it runs as a high-priority
process, which ensures it sends heartbeats to kernel components and responds quickly to
failures.
VCS “sits” in a loop waiting for messages from agents, ha commands, the graphical user
interfaces, and the other systems. Under normal conditions, the number of messages
processed by HAD is few. They mainly include heartbeat messages from agents and
update messages from the global counter. VCS may exchange additional messages when
an event occurs, but typically overhead is nominal even during events. Note that this
depends on the type of event; for example, a resource fault may invoke offlining a group
on one system and onlining on another system, but a system fault invokes failing over all
online service groups on the faulted system.
To continuously monitor VCS status, use the VCS graphical user interfaces or the
command hastatus. Both methods maintain connection to VCS and register for events,
and are more efficient compared to running commands like hastatus -summary or
hasys in a loop.
The number of clients connected to VCS can affect performance if several events occur
simultaneously. For example, if five GUI processes are connected to VCS, VCS sends state
updates to all five. Maintaining fewer client connections to VCS reduces this overhead.
The Impact of Agents

The VCS agent processes have the most impact on system performance. Each agent
process has two components: the agent framework and the agent entry points. The agent
framework provides common functionality, such as communication with the HAD,
multithreading for multiple resources, scheduling threads, and invoking entry points.
Agent entry points implement agent-specific functionality. Follow the performance
guidelines below when configuring agents.
Monitoring Resource Type and Agent Configuration

By default, VCS monitors each resource every 60 seconds. You can change this by
modifying the MonitorInterval attribute for the resource type. You may consider reducing
monitor frequency for non-critical or resources with expensive monitor operations. Note
that reducing monitor frequency also means that VCS may take longer to detect a resource
fault.
By default, VCS also monitors offline resources. This ensures that if someone brings the
resource online outside of VCS control, VCS detects it and flags a concurrency violation
for failover groups. To reduce the monitoring frequency of offline resources, modify the
OfflineMonitorInterval attribute for the resource type.

The VCS agent framework uses multithreading to allow multiple resource operations to
run in parallel for the same type of resources. For example, a single Mount agent handles
all mount resources. The number of agent threads for most resource types is 10 by default.
To change the default, modify the NumThreads attribute for the resource type. The
maximum value of the NumThreads attribute is 20.
Continuing with this example, the Mount agent schedules the monitor entry point for all
mount resources, based on the MonitorInterval or OfflineMonitorInterval attributes. If the
number of mount resources is more than NumThreads, the monitor operation for some
mount resources may be required to wait to execute the monitor entry point until the
thread becomes free.
Additional considerations for modifying the NumThreads attribute include:
◆ If you have only one or two resources of a given type, you can set NumThreads to a
lower value.
◆ If you have many resources of a given type, evaluate the time it takes for the monitor
entry point to execute and the available CPU power for monitoring. For example, if
you have 50 mount points, you may want to increase NumThreads to get the ideal
performance for the Mount agent without affecting overall system performance.
You can also adjust how often VCS monitors various entry points by modifying their
associated attributes. The attributes MonitorTimeout, OnlineTimeOut, and
OfflineTimeout indicate the maximum time (in seconds) within which the monitor,
online, and offline entry points must complete or else be terminated. The default for the
MonitorTimeout attribute is 60 seconds. The defaults for the OnlineTimeout and
OfflineTimeout attributes is 300 seconds. For best results, VERITAS recommends
measuring the time it takes to bring a resource online, take it offline, and monitor before
modifying the defaults. Issue an online or offline command to measure the time it takes
for each action. To measure how long it takes to monitor a resource, fault the resource and
issue a probe, or bring the resource online outside of VCS control and issue a probe.
Agents typically run with normal priority. When you develop agents, consider the
following:
◆ If you write a custom agent, write the monitor entry point using C or C++. If you
write a script-based monitor, VCS must invoke a new process each time with the
monitor. This can be costly if you have many resources of that type.
◆ If monitoring the resources is proving costly, you can divide it into cursory, or
shallow monitoring, and the more extensive deep (or in-depth) monitoring. Whether
to use shallow or deep monitoring depends on your configuration requirements.
Chapter 22, VCS Performance Considerations 555

Booting a Cluster System
Additional Considerations for Agents

Properly configure the attribute SystemList for your service group. For example, if you
know that a service group can go online on sysa and sysb only, do not include other
systems in the SystemList. This saves additional agent processes and monitoring
overhead.
The VCS Graphical User Interfaces

The VCS graphical user interfaces, Cluster Manager (Java Console) and Cluster Manager
(Web Console) maintain a persistent connection to HAD, from which they receive regular
updates regarding cluster status. For best results, run the Java and Web Consoles on a
system outside the cluster to avoid impact on node performance.
Booting a Cluster System

When a cluster system boots, the kernel drivers and VCS process start in a particular
order. If it is the first system in the cluster, VCS reads the cluster configuration file main.cf
and builds an “in-memory” configuration database. This is the LOCAL_BUILD state. After
building the configuration database, the system transitions into the RUNNING mode. If
another system joins the cluster while the first system is in the LOCAL_BUILD state, it must
wait until the first system transitions into RUNNING mode. The time it takes to build the
configuration depends on the number of service groups in the configuration and their
dependencies, and the number of resources per group and resource dependencies. VCS
creates an object for each system, service group, type, and resource. Typically, the number
of systems, service groups and types are few, so the number of resources and resource
dependencies determine how long it takes to build the configuration database and get
VCS into RUNNING mode. If a system joins a cluster in which at least one system is in
RUNNING mode, it builds the configuration from the lowest-numbered system in that
mode.
Note Onlining service groups as part of AutoStart occurs after VCS transitions to
RUNNING mode.


The online entry point of an agent brings the resource online. This entry point may return
before the resource is fully online. The subsequent monitor determines if the resource is
online, then reports that information to VCS. The time it takes to bring a resource online
equals the time for the resource to go online, plus the time for the subsequent monitor to
execute and report to VCS.
Most resources are online when the online entry point finishes. The agent schedules the
monitor immediately after the entry point finishes, so the first monitor detects the
resource as online. However, for some resources, such as a database server, recovery can
take longer. In this case, the time it takes to bring a resource online depends on the
amount of data to recover. It may take multiple monitor intervals before a database server
is reported online. When this occurs, it is important to have the correct values configured
for the OnlineTimeout and OnlineWaitLimit attributes of the database server resource
type.

Similar to the online entry point, the offline entry point takes the resource offline and may
return before the resource is actually offline. Subsequent monitoring confirms whether the
resource is offline. The time it takes to offline a resource equals the time it takes for the
resource to go offline, plus the duration of subsequent monitoring and reporting to VCS
that the resource is offline. Most resources are typically offline when the offline entry
point finishes. The agent schedules the monitor immediately after the offline entry point
finishes, so the first monitor detects the resource as offline.

The time it takes to bring a service group online depends on the number of resources in
the service group, the service group dependency structure, and the time to bring the
group’s resources online. For example, if service group G1 has three resources, R1, R2,
and R3 (where R1 depends on R2 and R2 depends on R3), VCS first onlines R3. When R3
is online, VCS onlines R2. When R2 is online, VCS onlines R1. The time it takes to online
G1 equals the time it takes to bring all resources online. However, if R1 depends on both
R2 and R3, but there was no dependency between them, the online operation of R2 and R3
is started in parallel. When both are online, R1 is brought online. The time it takes to
online the group is Max (the time to online R2 and R3), plus the time to online R1.
Typically, broader service group trees allow more parallel operations and can be brought
online faster. More complex service group trees do not allow much parallelism and
serializes the group online operation.


Service group offlining works from the top down, as opposed to onlining, which works
from the bottom up. The time it takes to offline a service group depends on the number of
resources in the service group and the time to offline the group’s resources. For example,
if service group G1 has three resources, R1, R2, and R3, VCS first offlines R1. When R1 is
offline, VCS offlines R2. When R2 is offline, VCS offlines R3. The time it takes to offline G1
equals the time it takes for all resources to go offline.
Detecting Resource Failure

The time it takes to detect a resource fault or failure depends on the MonitorInterval
attribute for the resource type. When a resource faults, the next monitor detects it. The
agent may not declare the resource as faulted if the ToleranceLimit attribute is set to
non-zero. If the monitor entry point reports offline more often than the number set in
ToleranceLimit, the resource is declared faulted. However, if the resource remains online
for the interval designated in the ConfInterval attribute, previous reports of offline are not
counted against ToleranceLimit.
When the agent determines that the resource is faulted, it calls the clean entry point (if
implemented) to verify that the resource is completely offline. The monitor following
clean verifies the offline. The agent then tries to restart the resource according to the
number set in the RestartLimit attribute (if the value of the attribute is non-zero) before it
gives up and informs HAD that the resource is faulted. However, if the resource remains
online for the interval designated in ConfInterval, earlier attempts to restart are not
counted against RestartLimit.
In most cases, ToleranceLimit is 0. The time it takes to detect a resource failure is the time
it takes the agent monitor to detect failure, plus the time to clean up the resource if the
clean entry point is implemented. Therefore, the time it takes to detect failure depends on
the MonitorInterval, the efficiency of the monitor and clean (if implemented) entry points,
and the ToleranceLimit (if set).
In some cases, the failed resource may hang and may also cause the monitor to hang.
For example, if the database server is hung and the monitor tries to query, the monitor
will also hang. If the monitor entry point is hung, the agent eventually kills the thread
running the entry point. By default, the agent times out the monitor entry point after 60
seconds. This can be adjusted by changing the MonitorTimeout attribute. The agent
retries monitor after the MonitorInterval. If the monitor entry point times out
consecutively for the number of times designated in the attribute
FaultOnMonitorTimeouts, the agent treats the resource as faulted. The agent calls clean, if
implemented. The default value of FaultOnMonitorTimeouts is 4, and can be changed
according to the type. A high value of this parameter delays detection of a fault if the

Detecting System Failure
resource is hung. If the resource is hung and causes the monitor entry point to hang, the
time to detect it depends on MonitorTimeout, FaultOnMonitorTimeouts, and the
efficiency of monitor and clean (if implemented).
Detecting System Failure

When a system crashes or is powered off, it stops sending heartbeats to other systems in
the cluster. By default, other systems in the cluster wait 21 seconds before declaring it
dead. The time of 21 seconds derives from 16 seconds default timeout value for LLT peer
inactive timeout, plus 5 seconds default value for GAB stable timeout. The default peer
inactive timeout is 16 seconds, and can be modified in the /etc/llttab file. For
example, to specify 12 seconds:
set-timer peerinact:1200
Note After modifying the peer inactive timeout, you must unconfigure, then restart LLT
before the change is implemented. To unconfigure LLT, type lltconfig -u. To
restart LLT, type lltconfig -c.
GAB stable timeout can be changed by specifying:

gabconfig -t timeout_value_milliseconds
Though this can be done, we do not recommend changing the values of the LLT peer
inactive timeout and GAB stable timeout.
If a system reboots, it becomes unavailable until the reboot is complete. The reboot
process kills all processes, including HAD. When the VCS process is killed, other systems
in the cluster mark all service groups that can go online on the rebooted system as
autodisabled. The AutoDisabled flag is cleared when the system goes offline. As long as
the system goes offline within the interval specified in the ShutdownTimeout value, VCS
treats this as a system reboot. The ShutdownTimeout default value of 120 can be changed
by modifying the attribute. See “System Attributes” on page 638 for details.
Detecting Network Link Failure

If a system loses a network link to the cluster, other systems stop receiving heartbeats over
the links from that system. As mentioned above, LLT detects this and waits for 16 seconds
before declaring the system lost a link.

When a System Panics
When a System Panics

There are several instances in which GAB will intentionally panic a system, including if it
detects an internal protocol error or discovers an LLT node-ID conflict. Three other
instances are described below.
Client Process Failure

If a client process fails to heartbeat to GAB, the process is killed. If the process hangs in the
kernel and cannot be killed, GAB halts the system. If the -k option is used in the
gabconfig command, GAB tries to kill the client process until successful, which may
have an impact on the entire cluster. If the -b option is used in gabconfig, GAB does not
try to kill the client process. Instead, it panics the system when the client process fails to
heartbeat. This option cannot be turned off once set.
HAD heartbeats with GAB at regular intervals. The heartbeat timeout is specified by
HAD when it registers with GAB; the default is 15 seconds. If HAD gets stuck within the
kernel and cannot heartbeat with GAB within the specified timeout, GAB tries to kill
HAD by sending a SIGABRT signal. If it does not succeed, GAB sends a SIGKILL and
closes the port. This is an indication to other nodes that HAD on this node has been killed.
Should HAD recover from its stuck state, it first processes pending signals. Here it will
receive the SIGKILL first and get killed.
After sending a SIGKILL, GAB waits for a specific amount of time for HAD to get killed. If
HAD survives beyond this time limit, GAB panics the system. This time limit is a kernel
tunable parameter, gab_isolate_time and is configurable. The minimum value for this timer
is 16 seconds and maximum is 4 minutes.
Network Failure
If a network partition occurs, a cluster can “split” into two or more separate sub-clusters.
When two clusters join as one, VCS designates that one system be ejected. GAB prints
diagnostic messages and sends iofence messages to the system being ejected. The system
receiving the iofence messages tries to kill the client process. The -k option applied here.
If the -j option is used in gabconfig, the system is halted when the iofence message is
received.
Quick Reopen
If a system leaves cluster and tries to join the cluster before the new cluster is configured
(default is five seconds), the system is sent an iofence message with reason set to “quick
reopen.” When the system receives the message, it tries to kill the client process.

Time Taken for a Service Group Switch
Time Taken for a Service Group Switch

The time it takes to switch a service group equals the time to offline a service group on the
source system, plus the time to bring the service group online on the target system.
Time Taken for a Service Group Failover

The time it takes to fail over a service group when a resource faults equals
◆ the time it takes to detect the resource fault
◆ the time it takes to offline the service group on source system
◆ the time it takes for the VCS policy module to select target system
◆ the time it takes to bring the service group online on target system
The time it takes to fail over a service group when a system faults equals
◆ the time it takes to detect system fault
◆ the time it takes to offline the service group on source system
◆ the time it takes for the VCS policy module to select target system
◆ the time it takes to bring the service group online on target system
The time it takes the VCS policy module to determine the target system is negligible in
comparison to the other factors.
If you have a firm group dependency and the child group faults, VCS offlines all
immediate and non-immediate parent groups before bringing the child group online on
the target system. Therefore, the time it takes a parent group to be brought online also
depends on the time it takes the child group to be brought online.

Scheduling Class and Priority Configuration

VCS allows you to specify priorities and scheduling classes for VCS processes.
VCS supports the following scheduling classes:
◆ RealTime (specified as “RT” in the configuration file)
◆ TimeSharing (specified as “TS” in the configuration file)
On Solaris 9, the following classes are supported:
◆ FairShare (specified as “FSS” in the configuration file)
◆ FairPriority (specified as “FX” in the configuration file)
Priority Ranges
The following table displays the platform-specific priority range for RealTime,
TimeSharing, and SRM scheduling (SHR) processes.
Platform Scheduling Default Priority Range Using #ps Commands

Class Priority Range
Weak / Strong
AIX RT 126 / 50 126 / 50

TS 60 Priority varies with CPU consumption.
Note On AIX, use #ps -ael
HP-UX RT 127 / 0 127 / 0

TS N/A N/A
Note On HP-UX, use #ps -ael
Linux RT 1/ 99 L-high priority task

TS N-high priority task
Note On Linux, use #ps -ael
Solaris RT 0 / 59 100 /159

TS -60 / 60 N/A
SHR -60 / 60 N/A
Note On Solaris, use #ps -ae -o pri, args

Default Scheduling Classes and Priorities

The following table lists the default class and priority values used by VCS. The class and
priority of trigger processes are determined by the attributes ProcessClass (default = TS)
and ProcessPriority (default = ""). Both attributes can be modified according to the class
and priority at which the trigger processes run. The following table lists the default class
and priority values used by VCS. When priority is set to "" (empty string), VCS converts
the priority to a default value. For RT, the default priority equals two less than the
strongest priority supported by the RealTime class. So, if the strongest priority supported
by the RealTime class is 59, the default priority for the RT class is 57.
Process Default Default Default Default Default

Scheduling Priority (AIX) Priority Priority Priority
Class (HP-UX) (Linux) (Solaris)
Engine RT 52 2 Min: 0 57
(Strongest + 2) (Strongest + 2) Max: 99 (Strongest - 2)
Process TS 0 N/A 0 60 (Strongest)

created by
engine
Agent TS 0 N/A 0 0
Script TS 0 N/A 0 0
Process Default Scheduling Class Default Priority
Engine RT Minimum: 0
Maximum: 99
Process created by Engine TS
Agent TS
Script TS
Note For standard configurations, VERITAS recommends using the default values for
scheduling unless specific configuration requirements dictate otherwise.

Note that the default priority value is platform-specific. When priority is set to ""
(empty string), VCS converts the priority to a value specific to the platform on which the
system is running. For TS, the default priority equals the strongest priority supported by
the TimeSharing class. For RT, the default priority equals two less than the strongest
priority supported by the RealTime class. So, if the strongest priority supported by the
RealTime class is 59, the default priority for the RT class is 57. For SHR (on Solaris only),
the default priority is the strongest priority support by the SHR class.

Monitoring CPU Usage
Monitoring CPU Usage

VCS includes a system attribute, CPUUsageMonitoring, which monitors CPU usage on a
specific system and notifies the administrator when usage has been exceeded.
The default values for this attribute are: Enabled = 0, NotifyThreshold = 0,
NotifyTimeLimit = 0, ActionThreshold = 0, ActionTimeLimit = 0, Action = NONE.
The values for ActionTimeLimit and NotifyTimeLimit represent the time in seconds. The
values for ActionThreshold and NotifyThreshold represent the threshold in terms of CPU
percentage utilization.
If Enabled is set to 1, HAD monitors the usage and updates CPUUsage attribute. If
Enabled is set to 0 (default), HAD does not monitor the usage.
If the system’s CPU usage continuously exceeds the value set in NotifyThreshold for a
duration greater than the value set in NotifyTimeLimit, HAD sends notification via an
SNMP trap or SMTP message.
If the CPU usage continuously exceeds the value set in NotifyThreshold for a duration
greater than the value set in NotifyTimeLimit, subsequent notifications are sent after five
minutes to avoid sending notifications too frequently (if the NotifyTimeLimit value is set
to a value less than five minutes). In this case, notification is sent after the first interval of
NotifyTimeLimit. As CPU usage continues to exceed the threshold value, notifications are
sent after five minutes. If the values of NotifyThreshold or NotifyTimeLimit are set to 0,
no notification is sent.
If system’s CPU usage exceeds the value set in ActionThreshold continuously for a
duration greater than the value set in ActionTimeLimit, the specified action is taken. If the
CPU usage continuously exceeds the ActionThreshold for a duration greater than the
value set in ActionTimeLimit, subsequent action is taken after five minutes to avoid
taking action too frequently (if the ActionTimeLimit value is set to less than five minutes).
In this case action is taken after the first interval of ActionTimeLimit. As CPU usage
continues to exceed the threshold value, action is taken after five minutes. If the values of
ActionThreshold or ActionTimeLimit are set to 0, no action is taken. Actions can have one
of the following values:
NONE: No action will be taken and the message is logged in the VCS engine log.
REBOOT: System is rebooted.
CUSTOM: The cpuusage trigger is invoked.

VCS Agent Statistics

You can configure VCS to track the time taken for monitoring resources. You can use these
statistics to configure the MonitorTimeout attribute. You can also detect potential
problems with resources and systems on which resources are online by analyzing the
trends in the time taken by the resource's monitor cycle. Note that VCS keeps track of
monitor cycle times for online resources only.
VCS calculates the time taken for a monitor cycle to complete and computes an average of
monitor times after a specific number of monitor cycles and stores the average in a
resource-level attribute.
VCS also tracks increasing trends in the monitor cycle times and sends notifications about
sudden and gradual increases in monitor times.
VCS uses the following parameters to compute the average monitor time and to detect
increasing trends in monitor cycle times:
◆ Frequency: The number of monitor cycles after which the monitor time average is
computed and sent to the VCS engine.
For example, if Frequency is set to 10, VCS computes the average monitor time after
every 10 monitor cycles.
◆ ExpectedValue: The expected monitor time (in milliseconds) for a resource.
VCS sends a notification if the actual monitor time exceeds the expected monitor time
by the ValueThreshold. So, if you set this attribute to 5000 for a FileOnOff resource,
and if ValueThreshold is set to 40%, VCS will send a notification only when the
monitor cycle for the FileOnOff resource exceeds the expected time by over 40%, that
is 7000 milliseconds.
◆ ValueThreshold: The maximum permissible deviation (in percent) from the expected
monitor time. When the time for a monitor cycle exceeds this limit, VCS sends a
notification about the sudden increase or decrease in monitor time.
For example, a value of 100 means that VCS sends a notification if the actual monitor
time deviates from the expected time by over 100%.
VCS sends these notifications conservatively. If 12 consecutive monitor cycles exceed
the threshold limit, VCS sends a notification for the first spike, and then a collective
notification for the next 10 consecutive spikes.
◆ AvgThreshold: The threshold value (in percent) for increase in the average monitor
cycle time for a resource.
VCS maintains a running average of the time taken by the monitor cycles of a
resource. The first such computed running average is used as a benchmark average. If
the current running average for a resource differs from the benchmark average by
more than this threshold value, VCS regards this as a sign of gradual increase or
decrease in monitor cycle times and sends a notification about it for the resource.

Whenever such an event occurs, VCS resets the internally maintained benchmark
average to this new average. VCS sends notifications regardless of whether the
deviation is an increase or decrease in the monitor cycle time.
For example, a value of 25 means that if the actual average monitor time is 25% more
than the benchmark monitor time average, VCS sends a notification.
Tracking Monitor Cycle Times

VCS marks sudden changes in monitor times by comparing the time taken for each
monitor cycle with the ExpectedValue. If this difference exceeds the ValueThreshold, VCS
sends a notification about the sudden change in monitor time. Note that VCS sends this
notification only if monitor time increases.
VCS marks gradual changes in monitor times by comparing the benchmark average and
the moving average of monitor cycle times. VCS computes the benchmark average after a
certain number of monitor cycles and computes the moving average after every monitor
cycle. If the current moving average exceeds the benchmark average by more than the
AvgThreshold, VCS sends a notification about this gradual change in the monitor cycle
time.
VCS Attributes Enabling Agent Statistics

This section describes the attributes that enable VCS agent statistics.
MonitorStatsParam
MonitorStatsParam is a resource type-level attribute, which stores the required parameter
values for calculating monitor time statistics.
static str MonitorStatsParam = { Frequency = 10, ExpectedValue
= 3000, ValueThreshold = 100, AvgThreshold = 40 }
◆ Frequency: Defines the number of monitor cycles after which the average monitor
cycle time should be computed and sent to the engine. If configured, the value for this
attribute must be between 1 and 30. It is set to 0 by default.
◆ ExpectedValue: The expected monitor time in milliseconds for all resources of this type.
Default=3000.
◆ ValueThreshold: The acceptable percentage difference between the expected monitor
cycle time (ExpectedValue) and the actual monitor cycle time. Default=100.
◆ AvgThreshold: The acceptable percentage difference between the benchmark average
and the moving average of monitor cycle times. Default=40.

MonitorTimeStats
Stores the average time taken by a number of monitor cycles specified by the Frequency
attribute along with a timestamp value of when the average was computed.
str MonitorTimeStats{} = { Avg = "0", TS = "" }
This attribute is updated periodically after a number of monitor cycles specified by the
Frequency attribute. If Frequency is set to 10, the attribute stores the average of 10 monitor
cycle times and is updated after every 10 monitor cycles.
The default value for this attribute is 0.
ComputeStats
A flag that specifies whether VCS keeps track of the monitor times for the resource.
bool ComputeStats = 0
The value 0 indicates that VCS will not keep track of the time taken by the monitor routine
for the resource. The value 1 indicates that VCS keeps track of the monitor time for the
resource.
The default value for this attribute is 0.

Troubleshooting and Recovery for VCS 23
This chapter explains VCS unified logging and defines the message format. This chapter
also describes how to troubleshoot common problems in Cluster Manager and bundled
agents.
Logging
VCS generates two error message logs: the engine log and the agent log. Log file names
are appended by letters. Letter A indicates the first log file, B the second, C the third, and
so on.
The engine log is located at /var/VRTSvcs/log/engine_A.log. The format of engine
log messages is:
Timestamp (Year/MM/DD) | Mnemonic | Severity | UMI| Message Text
◆ Timestamp: the date and time the message was generated.

◆ Mnemonic: the string ID that represents the product (for example, VCS).
◆ Severity: levels include CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING, NOTICE, and INFO (most to least
severe, respectively).
◆ UMI: a unique message ID.
◆ Message Text: the actual message generated by VCS.
A typical engine log resembles:

2003/02/10 16:08:09 VCS INFO V-16-1-10077 received new
cluster membership.
569
Logging
The agent log is located at /var/VRTSvcs/log/agent_A.log. The format of agent log

messages resembles:
Timestamp (Year/MM/DD) | Mnemonic | Severity | UMI | Agent Type | Resource
Name | Entry Point | Message Text
A typical agent log resembles:

2003/02/23 10:38:23 VCS WARNING V-16-2-23331
Oracle:VRT:monitor:Open for ora_lgwr failed, setting cookie to
null.
Message Catalogs
VCS includes multilingual support for message catalogs. These binary message catalogs
(BMCs), are stored in the following default locations. The variable language represents a
two-letter abbreviation.
/opt/VRTSvcs/messages/language/module_name
/opt/VRTSgab/messages/language/module_name
/opt/VRTSllt/messages/language/module_name
The VCS command-line interface displays error/success messages in any language

supported by VCS. The hamsg command displays the VCS engine logs in VCS-supported
languages.
The following table shows the list of BMCs.
Module Name Description
VRTSvcsHad.bmc VCS engine (HAD) messages
VRTSvcsAgentplatform.bmc VCS bundled agent messages
VRTSvcsplatformagent_name.bmc VCS enterprise agent messages
gab.bmc GAB command-line interface messages
llt.bmc LLt command-line interface messages

Logging
Preonline IP Check
You can enable a preonline check of a failover IP address to protect against network
partitioning. The check pings a service group’s configured IP address to verify it is not
already in use. If it is, the service group is not brought online. A second check verifies the
system is connected to its public and private networks. If the system receives no response
from a broadcast ping to the public network and a check of the private networks, it
determines the system is isolated and does not bring the service group online.
▼ To enable the preonline IP check
1. Move the preonline trigger script from the sample triggers directory into the triggers
directory:
# cp /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/sample_triggers/preonline_ipc
/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/triggers/preonline
2. Change the file permissions to make it executable.
Network Partitions and the UNIX Boot Monitor

Most UNIX systems provide a sequence that enables you to halt and continue the
processor. Continuing operations after the processor has stopped may corrupt data and is therefore
not supported by VCS. Specifically, when a system is halted with the abort sequence it stops
producing heartbeats. The other systems in the cluster then consider the system failed and
take over its services. If the system is later enabled with another console sequence, it
continues writing to shared storage as before, even though its applications have been
restarted on other systems where available.
If a write operation was pending when the console-abort sequence was processed, the
write occurs when the processing sequence resumes. Halting a system by this method
appears to all other nodes as a complete system fault because all heartbeats disappear
simultaneously. Another node takes over services for the missing node. When the resume
occurs, it takes several seconds before the return of a formerly missing heartbeat causes a
system panic. During this time, the write waiting on the stopped node occurs, leading to
data corruption.
VERITAS recommends rebooting the system if it was halted using the console-abort
sequence.
Chapter 23, Troubleshooting and Recovery for VCS 571

Logging
HAD Diagnostics
When the VCS engine HAD core dumps, the core is written to the directory
/var/VRTSvcs/diag/had. When HAD starts, it renames this directory to
had.timestamp, where timestamp represents the time at which the directory was
renamed.
When HAD core dumps, review the contents of the /var/VRTSvcs/diag/had
directory. See the following logs for more information:
◆ Operating system console log
◆ Engine log
◆ hashadow log
VCS runs the script /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/vcs_diag to collect diagnostic information
when HAD and GAB encounter heartbeat problems. The diagnostic information is stored
in the /var/VRTSvcs/diag/had directory.

Troubleshooting VCS Startup
Troubleshooting VCS Startup

This section includes error messages associated with starting VCS (shown in bold text),
and provides descriptions of each error and the recommended action.
“VCS:10622 local configuration missing”

“VCS:10623 local configuration invalid”
“VCS:10624 local configuration stale”
The local configuration is invalid.
Recommended Action: Start the VCS engine, HAD, on another system that has a valid
configuration file. The system with the configuration error “pulls” the valid
configuration from the other system.
Another method is to correct the configuration file on the local system and force VCS
to reread the configuration file. If the file appears valid, verify that is not an earlier
version. It is possible that VCS marked the configuration stale by creating a .stale file
because the last VCS shutdown was not graceful. The .stale file is created in the
directory /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config.
Type the following commands to verify the configuration and force VCS to reread the
configuration file:
# cd /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config
# hacf -verify .
“VCS:11032 registration failed. Exiting”

GAB was not registered or has become unregistered.
Recommended Action: GAB is registered by the gabconfig command in the file
/etc/gabtab. Verify that the file exists and that it contains the command
gabconfig -c.
GAB can become unregistered if LLT is set up incorrectly. Verify that the file is correct
in /etc/llttab. If the LLT configuration is incorrect, make the appropriate changes
and reboot.
“Waiting for cluster membership.”

This indicates that GAB may not be seeded. If this is the case, the command
gabconfig -a does not show any members, and the following messages may appear
on the console or in the event log.
GAB: Port a registration waiting for seed port membership
GAB: Port h registration waiting for seed port membership

Troubleshooting Service Groups

This section cites the most common problems associated with bringing service groups
online and taking them offline. Bold text provides a description of the problem.
Recommended action is also included, where applicable.
System is not in RUNNING state.

Recommended Action: Type hasys -display system to verify the system is running.
See “System States” on page 610 for more information on system states.
Service group not configured to run on the system.

The SystemList attribute of the group may not contain the name of the system.
Recommended Action: Use the output of the command hagrp -display
service_group to verify the system name.
Service group not configured to autostart.

If the service group is not starting automatically on the system, the group may not be
configured to AutoStart, or may not be configured to AutoStart on that particular
system.
service_group to verify the values of the AutoStart and AutoStartList attributes.
Service group is frozen.

service_group to verify the value of the Frozen and TFrozen attributes. Use the
command hagrp -unfreeze to thaw the group. Note that VCS will not take a frozen
service group offline.
Failover service group is online on another system.

The group is a failover group and is online or partially online on another system.
service_group to verify the value of the State attribute. Use the command
hagrp -offline to offline the group on another system.
A critical resource faulted.

Output of the command hagrp -display service_group indicates that the service
group has faulted.
Recommended Action: Use the command hares -clear to clear the fault.

Service group autodisabled.

When VCS does not know the status of a service group on a particular system, it
autodisables the service group on that system. Autodisabling occurs under the
following conditions:
◆ When the VCS engine, HAD, is not running on the system.
◆ When all resources within the service group are not probed on the system.
◆ When a particular system is visible through disk heartbeat only.
Under these conditions, all service groups that include the system in their SystemList
attribute are autodisabled. This does not apply to systems that are powered off.
service_group to verify the value of the AutoDisabled attribute.
Caution: To bring a group online manually after VCS has autodisabled the group,
make sure that the group is not fully or partially active on any system that has the
AutoDisabled attribute set to 1 by VCS. Specifically, verify that all resources that may
be corrupted by being active on multiple systems are brought down on the designated
systems. Then, clear the AutoDisabled attribute for each system:
# hagrp -autoenable service_group -sys system
Service group is waiting for the resource to be brought online/taken offline.

Recommended Action: Review the IState attribute of all resources in the service group
to locate which resource is waiting to go online (or which is waiting to be taken
offline). Use the hastatus command to help identify the resource. See the engine
and agent logs in /var/VRTSvcs/log for information on why the resource is unable
to be brought online or be taken offline.
To clear this state, make sure all resources waiting to go online/offline do not bring
themselves online/offline. Use the command hagrp -flush to clear the internal
state of VCS. You can now bring the service group online or take it offline on another
system.
Service group is waiting for a dependency to be met.

Recommended Action: To see which dependencies have not been met, type
hagrp -dep service_group to view service group dependencies, or hares -dep
resource to view resource dependencies.

Service group not fully probed.

This occurs if the agent processes have not monitored each resource in the service
group. When the VCS engine, HAD, starts, it immediately “probes” to find the initial
state of all of resources. (It cannot probe if the agent is not returning a value.) A
service group must be probed on all systems included in the SystemList attribute
before VCS attempts to bring the group online as part of AutoStart. This ensures that
even if the service group was online prior to VCS being brought up, VCS will not
inadvertently bring the service group online on another system.
Recommended Action: Use the output of hagrp -display service_group to see the
value of the ProbesPending attribute for the system’s service group. (It should be
zero.) To determine which resources are not probed, verify the local Probed attribute
for each resource on the specified system. Zero means waiting for probe result, 1
means probed, and 2 means VCS not booted. See the engine and agent logs for
information.

Troubleshooting Resources
This section cites the most common problems associated with bringing resources online
and taking them offline. Bold text provides a description of the problem. Recommended
action is also included, where applicable.
Service group brought online due to failover.

VCS attempts to bring resources online that were already online on the failed system,
or were in the process of going online. Each parent resource must wait for its child
resources to be brought online before starting.
Recommended Action: Verify that the child resources are online.
Waiting for service group states.

The state of the service group prevents VCS from bringing the resource online.
Recommended Action: See the appendix “Cluster and System States” for more
information on states.
Waiting for child resources.

One or more child resources of parent resource are offline.
Recommended Action: Bring the child resources online first.
Waiting for parent resources.

One or more parent resources are online.
Recommended Action: Take the parent resources offline first.
Waiting for resource to respond.

The resource is waiting to come online or go offline, as indicated. VCS directed the
agent to run an online entry point for the resource.
Recommended Action: Verify the resource’s IState attribute. See the engine and agent
logs in /var/VRTSvcs/engine_A.log and /var/VRTSvcs/agent_A.log for
information on why the resource cannot be brought online.
Agent not running.

The resource’s agent process is not running.
Recommended Action: Use hastatus -summary to see if the agent is listed as
faulted. Restart the agent:
# haagent -start resource_type -sys system

Invalid agent argument list.

The scripts are receiving incorrect arguments.
Recommended Action: Verify that the arguments to the scripts are correct. Use the
output of hares -display resource to see the value of the ArgListValues attribute. If
the ArgList attribute was dynamically changed, stop the agent and restart it.
To stop the agent:
# haagent -stop resource_type -sys system
To restart the agent:

# haagent -start resource_type -sys system
The Monitor entry point of the disk group agent returns ONLINE even if the disk group is
disabled.
This is expected agent behavior. VCS assumes that data is being read from or written
to the volumes and does not declare the resource as offline. This prevents potential
data corruption that could be caused by the disk group being imported on two hosts.
You can deport a disabled disk group when all I/O operations are completed or when
all volumes are closed. You can then reimport the disk group to the same system.
Note A disk group is disabled if data including the kernel log, configuration copies, or
headers in the private region of a significant number of disks is invalid. Volumes
can perform read-write operations if no changes are required to the private regions
of the disks.

Troubleshooting Notification
Troubleshooting Notification
Occasionally you may encounter problems when using VCS notification. This section cites
the most common problems and the recommended actions. Bold text provides a
description of the problem.
Notifier is configured but traps are not seen on SNMP console.

Recommended Action: Verify the version of SNMP traps supported by the console:
VCS notifier sends SNMP v2.0 traps. If you are using HP OpenView Network Node
Manager as the SNMP, verify events for VCS are configured using xnmevents. You
may also try restarting the OpenView daemon (ovw) if, after merging VCS events in
vcs_trapd, the events are not listed in the OpenView Network Node Manager Event
configuration.
By default, notifier assumes the community string is public. If your SNMP console
was configured with a different community, reconfigure it according to the notifier
configuration. See the VERITAS Cluster Server Bundled Agents Reference Guide for more
information on NotifierMngr.

Troubleshooting Cluster Manager (Web Console)

Occasionally you may encounter problems when using Cluster Manager (Web Console).
This section cites the most common problems and the recommended actions. Bold text
provides a description of the problem, and in some cases actual error messages.
Unable to log on.

Recommended Action: Verify the user name exists and that the password is correct for
the user name. Then verify your browser is Java, Javascript, and cookies enabled.
Unable to view Cluster Manager on a browser using the Virtual IP/port number in URL
(http://[virtual_ip:port_number]/vcs).
Recommended Action: Verify that the ClusterService service group, which has the IP
and VRTSWebApp resources configured on it, is not offline or faulted on any node. If
it is, use the command line to bring the group back online on at least one node.
Unable to view Cluster Manager on a browser using the HostName/port_number in URL

(http://[host_name:port_number]/vcs.
Recommended Action: Verify that the host is running and that the ClusterService
group is online on the host. If the host is down, access Cluster Manager (Web Console)
using the URL http://virtual_IP:port_number/vcs. The cause of the failover should be
apparent on Cluster Manager. Use Cluster Manager to administer nodes that are up
and running in cluster.
Unable to bring the VCSweb resource online in the ClusterService group.

You cannot access the Web Console unless the VCSweb resource in the ClusterService
group is online. The Web Console runs inside the VERITAS Web server (VRTSweb).
VCSweb may fail to come online if the Web server cannot start because of one of the
following reasons:

✔ Web server port unavailable: By default, the Web server binds itself to ports 8181,
8443, and 14300. If these ports are being used by another application, the Web server
will fail to start.
To determine if this is the reason, review the last few lines of the log file
/var/VRTSweb/log/_start0.0.log. If the output resembles the example below,
the Web server port is already taken by another application:
5/28/03 8:13:35 PM PDT VRTSWEB INFO V-12-1-1041 Exception
encountered
LifecycleException: Protocol handler initialization failed:
java.net.BindException: Address already in use: JVM_Bind:8181
at org.apache.coyote.tomcat4.CoyoteConnector.initialize
(CoyoteConnector.java:1119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Embedded.start(Embedded.java:999)
at vrts.tomcat.server.VRTSweb.initServer(VRTSweb.java:2567)
at vrts.tomcat.server.VRTSweb.commandStartServer
(VRTSweb.java:385)
at vrts.tomcat.server.command.start.StartCommand.execute
(StartCommand.java:59)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke
(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke
(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:324)
at vrts.tomcat.bootstrap.Main.main(Main.java:243)
Recommended Action: If you cannot make this port available for VRTSweb, see
“Configuring Ports for VRTSweb” on page 656 for instructions on how to change the
value of the Web server port.

✔ Web server IP address unavailable: By default, the Web server binds itself to all IP
addresses on the machine for the default ports 8181 and 8443. If you configure a
specific IP address for the port, verify this IP address is available on the machine
before the Web server starts. The Web server will fail to start if this IP address is not
present on the machine.
To determine if this is the reason, review the last few lines of the two log files
/var/VRTSweb/log/_start0.0.log and
/var/VRTSweb/log/_command0.0.log. If the output resembles the example
below, the IP address is not available:
5/28/03 8:20:16 PM PDT VRTSWEB INFO V-12-1-1041 Exception
encountered
java.net.BindException: Cannot assign requested address:
JVM_Bind:8181
(VRTSweb.java:385)
java.net.BindException: Cannot assign requested address:
JVM_Bind:8181
(VRTSweb.java:385)

Recommended Action: Make this IP address available on the machine and try to bring
the VCSweb resource online again.
After reconfiguring virtual IP address, cannot access the Web Console using the new IP
address.
Recommended Action: If ClusterService service group is online, changes in resource
attributes do not take effect until you take the service group offline and bring it online.
Therefore, you cannot access the Web Console using the new IP address, but you can
from the previous address. To reconfigure the virtual IP address:
1. Take offline the VCSweb and webip resources.
2. Change the address attribute of the webip resource.
3. Bring online the VCSweb and webip resources.
Flashing colors appear on Netscape while switching between Cluster Manager and other
open windows.
Recommended Action: If there are flashes of color while viewing Cluster Manager on
Netscape Navigator 4.7 or later, it is mostly likely a color-mapping issue. Set the
display to 256 colors or a higher on the host machine where the GUI is being viewed
to ensure best color and clarity.
“Error 500 - NullPointerException” appears in the browser.

This error may occur when logging on to the Web Console or configuring myVCS on
the console.
Recommended Action: Verify that the CmdServer process is running on the cluster
systems using the ps -ef | grep CmdServer command. If CmdServer is not
running, start it by typing /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/CmdServer from the command
line. You can then proceed with logging on to Cluster Manager or configuring
myVCS.
“The object type specified is invalid. It should be one of cluster, group, type, resource, or
system.”
Recommended Action: This error (#W10002) occurs if the page URL points to a VCS
object that does not exist or was deleted. If you typed the URL, verify the URL is
correct. Names of VCS objects are case-sensitive: the object name in the URL must be
entered in the correct case. If you clicked a link and got this error, refresh the page and
retry. If you are still unsuccessful, contact VERITAS Technical Support.

“The specified group does not exist or has been deleted.”

Recommended Action: This error (#W10003) indicates the service group whose
information you tried to access does not exist, or was deleted. If you typed the URL,
verify the URL is correct. If you clicked a link to get information about the service
group, verify the service group exists. Refresh the display to get current information.
“The specified system does not exist or has been deleted.”

Recommended Action: This error (#W10004) indicates the system whose information
you tried to access does not exist, or was deleted. If you typed the URL, verify the
URL is correct. If you clicked a link to get information about the system, verify the
system exists. Refresh the display to get current information.
“The specified resource type does not exist or has been deleted.”
Recommended Action: This error (#W10005) indicates the resource type whose
information you tried to access does not exist, or was deleted. If you typed the URL,
verify the URL is correct. If you clicked a link to get information about the resource
type, verify the resource type exists. Refresh the display to get current information.
“The specified resource does not exist or has been deleted.”

Recommended Action: This error (#W10007) indicates the resource whose information
you tried to access does not exist, or was deleted. If you typed the URL, verify the
URL is correct. If you clicked a link to get information about the resource type, verify
the resource exists. Refresh the display to get current information.
“Retrieving data from the VCS engine. Please try after some time.”
Recommended Action: This error (#R10001) indicates a “snapshot” of the VCS engine,
HAD, is being taken. Wait a few moments then retry the operation.
“Could not log on to the VCS engine.”

Recommended Action: This error (#R10002) indicates Cluster Manger (Web Console)
could not connect to the VCS engine. Wait a few moments then retry the operation.
“Cannot monitor VCS QuickStart.”

Recommended Action: This error ( R10005) indicates you tried to connect to a cluster
configured by VCS QuickStart. Cluster Manager (Web Console) cannot connect to
VCS QuickStart. Use the VCS QuickStart Web graphical user interface instead.
“The user could not be authenticated at this time. This could be because a snapshot of the
VCS Server is being taken currently.”
Recommended Action: This error (#H10001) indicates a snapshot of the VCS engine is
being taken. Wait a few moments then retry the operation.

Troubleshooting VCS Configuration Backup and Restore
“The URL you specified can be accessed only if you are logged on.”
Recommended Action: This error (#G10001) indicates you tried to access a page that
requires authentication. Log on to VCS and retry the operation.
Troubleshooting VCS Configuration Backup and Restore

This section cites the problem you may encounter when using the hasnap command to
backup and restore VCS configuration files.
Error connecting to remote nodes in the cluster.

The hasnap command is a distributed command in the sense that it tries to backup
and restore files from all cluster nodes in a single session. It needs to establish
connection with all cluster nodes from the node where the command is executed. The
connection may fail for one of the following reasons:
◆ The hasnap command retrieves the list of cluster nodes from the llthosts
configuration file. However, the node names in this file may not always be DNS
resolvable, in which case the command cannot establish connection with the
remote nodes.
Recommended Action:. For each node in the cluster, map the VCS node names to the
actual DNS-resolvable names using the hasnap configuration file
/opt/VRTSvcs/cutil/conf/vcsmappings.properties.
◆ The hasnap command uses the VCS Command Server Daemon running on the
remote nodes to establish connection. The connection fails if the Daemon is not
running on the remote node.
Recommended Action: Verify the VCS Command Server Daemon is running on all
cluster nodes. Start it by running the following command:
# /opt/VRTSvcs/bin/CmdServer
◆ The remote node might be currently down or unreachable.
Recommended Action: Run the hasnap command again after the bringing the
remote node online.

Troubleshooting and Recovery for Global Clusters

This section describes the concept of disaster declaration and provides troubleshooting
tips for configurations using global clusters.
Disaster Declaration
When a cluster in a global cluster transitions to the FAULTED state because it can no longer
be contacted, failover executions depend on whether the cause was due to a split-brain,
temporary outage, or a permanent disaster at the remote cluster.
If you choose to take action on the failure of a cluster in a global cluster, VCS prompts you
to declare the type of failure.
◆ Disaster, implying permanent loss of the primary data center
◆ Outage, implying the primary may return to its current form in some time
◆ Disconnect, implying a split-brain condition; both clusters are up, but the link between
them is broken
◆ Replica, implying that data on the takeover target has been made consistent from a
backup source and that the RVGPrimary can initiate a takeover when the service
group is brought online. This option applies to VVR environments only.
You can select the groups to be failed over to the local cluster, in which case VCS brings
the selected groups online on a node based on the group’s FailOverPolicy attribute. It also
marks the groups as being offline in the other cluster. If you do not select any service
groups to fail over, VCS takes no action except implicitly marking the service groups as
offline on the downed cluster.
Lost Heartbeats and the Inquiry Mechanism

The loss of internal and all external heartbeats between any two clusters indicates that the
remote cluster is faulted, or that all communication links between the two clusters are
broken (a wide-area split-brain).
VCS queries clusters to confirm the remote cluster to which heartbeats have been lost is
truly down. This mechanism is referred to as inquiry. If in a two-cluster configuration a
connector loses all heartbeats to the other connector, it must consider the remote cluster
faulted. If there are more than two clusters and a connector loses all heartbeats to a second
cluster, it queries the remaining connectors before declaring the cluster faulted. If the
other connectors view the cluster as running, the querying connector transitions the
cluster to the UNKNOWN state, a process that minimizes false cluster faults. If all
connectors report that the cluster is faulted, the querying connector also considers it
faulted and transitions the remote cluster state to FAULTED.

VCS Alerts
VCS alerts are identified by the alert ID, which is comprised of the following elements:
◆ alert_type—The type of the alert, described in “Types of Alerts.”
◆ cluster—The cluster on which the alert was generated
◆ system—The system on which this alert was generated
◆ object—The name of the VCS object for which this alert was generated. This could
be a cluster or a service group.
Alerts are generated in the following format:
alert_type-cluster-system-object
For example:
GNOFAILA-Cluster1-oracle_grp
This is an alert of type GNOFAILA generated on cluster Cluster1 for the service group
oracle_grp.
Types of Alerts
VCS generates the following types of alerts.
◆ CFAULT—Indicates that a cluster has faulted
◆ GNOFAILA—Indicates that a global group is unable to fail over within the cluster
where it was online. This alert is displayed if the ClusterFailOverPolicy attribute is set
to Manual and the wide-area connector (wac) is properly configured and running at
the time of the fault.
◆ GNOFAIL—Indicates that a global group is unable to fail over to any system within
the cluster or in a remote cluster.
Some reasons why a global group may not be able to fail over to a remote cluster:
◆ The ClusterFailOverPolicy is set to either Auto or Connected and VCS is unable to
determine a valid remote cluster to which to automatically fail the group over.
◆ The ClusterFailOverPolicy attribute is set to Connected and the cluster in which
the group has faulted cannot communicate with one ore more remote clusters in
the group's ClusterList.
◆ The wide-area connector (wac) is not online or is incorrectly configured in the
cluster in which the group has faulted

Managing Alerts
Alerts require user intervention. You can respond to an alert in the following ways:
◆ If the reason for the alert can be ignored, use the Alerts dialog box in the Java or Web
consoles or the haalert command to delete the alert. You must provide a comment
as to why you are deleting the alert; VCS logs the comment to engine log.
◆ Take an action on administrative alerts that have actions associated with them.You
can do so using the Java or Web consoles. See “Actions Associated with Alerts” for
more information.
◆ VCS deletes or negates some alerts when a negating event for the alert occurs. See
“Negating Events” for more information.
An administrative alert will continue to live if none of the above actions are performed
and the VCS engine (HAD) is running on at least one node in the cluster. If HAD is not
running on any node in the cluster, the administrative alert is lost.
Actions Associated with Alerts

This section describes the actions you can perform from the Java and the Web consoles on
the following types of alerts:
◆ CFAULT—When the alert is presented, clicking Take Action guides you through the
process of failing over the global groups that were online in the cluster before the
cluster faulted.
◆ GNOFAILA—When the alert is presented, clicking Take Action guides you through
the process of failing over the global group to a remote cluster on which the group is
configured to run.
◆ GNOFAIL—There are no associated actions provided by the consoles for this alert
Negating Events
VCS deletes a CFAULT alert when the faulted cluster goes back to the running state
VCS deletes the GNOFAILA and GNOFAIL alerts in response to the following events:
◆ The faulted group's state changes from FAULTED to ONLINE.
◆ The group's fault is cleared.
◆ The group is deleted from the cluster where alert was generated.

Troubleshooting Licensing
This section cites problems you may encounter with VCS licensing. It provides
instructions on how to validate license keys and lists the error messages associated with
licensing.
Validating License Keys

The installvcs script handles most license key validations. However, if you install a
VCS key outside of installvcs (using vxlicinst, for example), you can validate the
key using the procedure described below.
1. The vxlicinst command handles some of the basic validations:

node lock: Ensures that you are installing a node-locked key on the correct system
demo hard end date: Ensures that you are not installing an expired demo key
2. Run the vxlicrep command to make sure a VCS key is installed on the system. The
output of the command resembles:
VERITAS License Manager vxlicrep utility version 3.02.003
Copyright (C) VERITAS Software Corp 2002. All Rights reserved.
Creating a report on all VERITAS products installed on this system
License Key = XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX

Product Name = VERITAS Cluster Server
License Type = PERMANENT
OEM ID = 4095
Features :=
Platform = Linux
Version = 4.1
Tier = Unused
Reserved = 0
Mode = VCS
Global Cluster Option= Enabled
3. Look for the following in the command output:

Make sure the Product Name lists the name of your purchased component, for
example, VERITAS Cluster Server. If the command output does not return the product
name, you do not have a VCS key installed.

If the output shows the License Type for a VCS key as DEMO, ensure that the Demo
End Date does not display a past date.
Make sure the Mode attribute displays the correct value.
If you have purchased a license key for the Global Cluster Option, make sure its status
is Enabled.
4. Start VCS. If HAD rejects a license key, see the licensing error message at the end of
the engine_A log file.
Licensing Error Messages

This section lists the error messages associated with licensing. These messages are logged
to the file /var/VRTSvcs/log/engine_A.log.
[Licensing] Insufficient memory to perform operation

The system does not have adequate resources to perform licensing operations.
[Licensing] No valid VCS license keys were found

No valid VCS keys were found on the system.
[Licensing] Unable to find a valid base VCS license key

No valid base VCS key was found on the system.
[Licensing] License key can not be used on this OS platform

This message indicates that the license key was meant for a different platform. For
example, a license key meant for Windows is used on a Solaris platform.
[Licensing] VCS evaluation period has expired

The VCS base demo key has expired
[Licensing] License key can not be used on this system

Indicates that you have installed a key that was meant for a different system (i.e.
node-locked keys)
[Licensing] Unable to initialize the licensing framework

This is a VCS internal message. Call VERITAS Technical Support.
[Licensing] QuickStart is not supported in this release

VCS QuickStart is not supported in this version of VCS .

[Licensing] Your evaluation period for the %s feature has expired. This feature will not be
enabled the next time VCS starts
The evaluation period for the specified VCS feature has expired.


Section VII. Appendixes
This section provides various appendixes containing useful, supplemental information.
Section VIII includes the following appendixes:
◆ Appendix A. “VCS User Privileges—Administration Matrices” on page 595
◆ Appendix B. “Cluster and System States” on page 607
◆ Appendix C. “VCS Attributes” on page 613
◆ Appendix D. “Administering VERITAS Web Server” on page 653
◆ Appendix E. “Accessibility and VCS” on page 675

VCS User Privileges—Administration
Matrices A
This appendix lists the privileges required to run VCS commands. In general, users with
Cluster Guest privileges can execute the command options -display, -state, and -value.
Users with privileges for Group Operator and Cluster Operator can execute the options
-online, -offline, and -switch. Users with Group Administrator and Cluster Administrator
privileges can execute the options -add, -delete, and -modify. For more information about
the VCS user privilege model, see “VCS User Privileges” on page 53.
Administration Matrices
Review the matrices in the following section to determine which command options can be
executed within a specific user category. Checkmarks denote the command and option
can be executed. A dash indicates they cannot.
haagent
haagent Guest Group Group Cluster Cluster

Options Operator Admin. Operator Admin.
-start – – – ✔ ✔
-stop – – – ✔ ✔
-display ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-list ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-value ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
595
haattr
haattr Guest Group Group Cluster Cluster

-add – – – – ✔
-add -static – – – – ✔
-add -temp – – – – ✔
-default – – – – ✔
-delete -static – – – – ✔
-display ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
hacli
Do not use hacli to invoke a command on a remote system that requires user input. The
process can hang and consume resources.
hacli Options Guest Group Group Cluster Cluster

Operator Admin. Operator Admin.
-cmd – – – – –
-help ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

haclus
haclus Options Cluster Group Group Cluster Cluster

Guest Operator Admin. Operator Admin.
-display ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-value ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-modify – – – – ✔
Note Only users with root
privileges can execute
the command
haclus -modify
HacliUserLevel.
-add – – – – ✔
delete – – – – ✔
-declare – – – ✔ ✔
-state ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-list ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-status ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-updatelic ✔
haconf
haconf Options Guest Group Group Cluster Cluster

-makerw – – ✔ – ✔
-dump – – ✔ – ✔
-dump -makero – – ✔ – ✔
Appendix A, VCS User Privileges—Administration Matrices 597

hadebug
hadebug Guest Group Group Cluster Cluster

-handle – – – – –
-hash – – – – –
-memory – – – – –
-ping ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-startmatch – – – – –
-stopmatch – – – – –
-time – – – – –
-timeout ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
hagrp
hagrp Options Cluster Group Group Cluster Cluster

-add – – – – ✔
-delete – – – – ✔
-link – – – – ✔
-unlink – – – – ✔
-clear – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-online – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-offline – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-state ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-switch – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

hagrp Options Cluster Group Group Cluster Cluster

-freeze – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-freeze -persistent – – ✔ – ✔
-unfreeze – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-unfreeze -persistent – – ✔ – ✔
-enable – – ✔ – ✔
-disable – – ✔ – ✔
-modify – – ✔ – ✔
-display ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-dep ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-resources ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-list ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-value ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-enableresources – – ✔ – ✔
-disableresources – – ✔ – ✔
-flush – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-autoenable – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-ignore – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

hahb
hahb Options Guest Group Group Cluster Cluster

-add – – – – ✔
-delete – – – – ✔
-local – – – – ✔
-global – – – – ✔
-display ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-state ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-list ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-value ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-help ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
halog
halog Options Guest Group Group Cluster Cluster

-addtags – – – – ✔
-deltags – – – – ✔
-add – – – – ✔
-cache ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
info ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

hareg
hareg Options Guest Group Group Cluster Cluster

-clus ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-sys ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-group ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-type ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-attr ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-event ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-resource ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-groupresources ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-typeresources ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-cache ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-rclus ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-rsys ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-rgroup ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-rresource ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-hb ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-alerts ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

hares
hares Options Cluster Group Group Cluster Cluster

-add – – ✔ – ✔
-delete – – ✔ – ✔
-local – – ✔ – ✔
-global – – ✔ – ✔
-link – – ✔ – ✔
-unlink – – ✔ – ✔
-clear – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-online – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-offline – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-offprop – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-modify – – ✔ – ✔
-state ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-display ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-dep ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-list ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-value ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-probe – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-override – – ✔ – ✔
-undo_override – – ✔ – ✔
-action – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

hares Options Cluster Group Group Cluster Cluster

-refreshinfo – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-flushinfo – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
hastatus
hastatus Cluster Group Group Cluster Cluster

Options Guest Operator Admin. Operator Admin.
-sound ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-summary ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-sound -group ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

hasys
hasys Options Cluster Group Group Cluster Cluster

-add – – – – ✔
-delete – – – – ✔
-freeze – – – ✔ ✔
-freeze -persistent – – – – ✔
-freeze -evacuate – – – – ✔
-freeze -persistent – – – – ✔
-evacuate
-unfreeze – – – ✔ ✔
-unfreeze -persistent – – – – ✔
-display ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-force – – – – ✔
-load – – – – ✔
-modify – – – – ✔
-state ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-list ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-value ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-nodeid ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-updatelic -sys – – – – ✔
-updatelic -all – – – – ✔

hatype
hatype Options Guest Group Group Cluster Cluster

-add – – – – ✔
-delete – – – – ✔
-display ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-resources ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-modify – – – – ✔
-modify -add – – – – ✔
-modify -delete – – – – ✔
-modify -delete – – – – ✔
-keys
-modify -update – – – – ✔
-list ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-value ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-help ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

hauser
hauser Options Cluster Group Group Cluster Cluster

-add – – – – ✔
-delete – – – – ✔
-update – ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-display ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-list ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
-addpriv – – ✔ – ✔
-delpriv – – ✔ – ✔

Cluster and System States B
This appendix describes the various cluster and system states and the order in which they
transition from one state to another.
Remote Cluster States

In global clusters, the “health” of the remote clusters is monitored and maintained by the
wide-area connector process. The connector process uses heartbeats, such as ICMP, to
monitor the state of remote clusters. The state is then communicated to HAD, which then
uses the information to take appropriate action when required. For example, when a
cluster is shut down gracefully, the connector transitions its local cluster state to EXITING
and notifies the remote clusters of the new state. When the cluster exits and the remote
connectors lose their TCP/IP connection to it, each remote connector transitions their
view of the cluster to EXITED.
To enable wide-area network heartbeats, the wide-area connector process must be up and
running. For wide-area connectors to connect to remote clusters, at least one heartbeat to
the specified cluster must report the state as ALIVE.
There are three hearbeat states for remote clusters: HBUNKNOWN, HBALIVE, and HBDEAD.
607
The following table provides a list of VCS remote cluster states and their descriptions. See
“Examples of System State Transitions” on page 612 for more information.
State Definition
INIT The initial state of the cluster. This is the default state.
BUILD The local cluster is receiving the initial snapshot from the remote cluster.
RUNNING Indicates the remote cluster is running and connected to the local cluster.
LOST_HB The connector process on the local cluster is not receiving heartbeats from
the remote cluster
LOST_CONN The connector process on the local cluster has lost the TCP/IP connection to
the remote cluster.
UNKNOWN The connector process on the local cluster determines the remote cluster is
down, but another remote cluster sends a response indicating otherwise.
FAULTED The remote cluster is down.
EXITING The remote cluster is exiting gracefully.
EXITED The remote cluster exited gracefully.
INQUIRY The connector process on the local cluster is querying other clusters on
which heartbeats were lost.
TRANSITIONING The connector process on the remote cluster is failing over to another node
in the cluster.

Examples of Cluster State Transitions

◆ If a remote cluster joins the global cluster configuration, the other clusters in the
configuration transition their “view” of the remote cluster to the RUNNING state:
INIT -> BUILD -> RUNNING
◆ If a cluster loses all heartbeats to a remote cluster in the RUNNING state, inquiries are
sent. If all inquiry responses indicate the remote cluster is actually down, the cluster
transitions the remote cluster state to FAULTED:
RUNNING -> LOST_HB -> INQUIRY -> FAULTED
◆ If at least one response does not indicate the cluster is down, the cluster transitions the
remote cluster state to UNKNOWN:
RUNNING -> LOST_HB -> INQUIRY -> UNKNOWN
◆ When the ClusterService service group, which maintains the connector process as
highly available, fails over to another system in the cluster, the remote clusters
transition their view of that cluster to TRANSITIONING, then back to RUNNING after the
failover is successful:
RUNNING -> TRANSITIONING -> BUILD -> RUNNING
◆ When a remote cluster in a RUNNING state is stopped (by taking the ClusterService
service group offline), the remote cluster transitions to EXITED:
RUNNING -> EXITING -> EXITED
Appendix B, Cluster and System States 609

System States
System States
Whenever the VCS engine is running on a system, it is in one of the states described in the
table below. States indicate a system’s current mode of operation. When the engine is
started on a new system, it identifies the other systems available in the cluster and their
states of operation. If a cluster system is in the state of RUNNING, the new system retrieves
the configuration information from that system. Changes made to the configuration while
it is being retrieved are applied to the new system before it enters the RUNNING state.
If no other systems are up and in the state of RUNNING or ADMIN_WAIT, and the new
system has a configuration that is not marked “stale,” the engine transitions to the state
LOCAL_BUILD, and builds the configuration from disk. If the configuration is marked
“stale,” the system transitions to the state of STALE_ADMIN_WAIT.
The following table provides a list of VCS system states and their descriptions. See
“Examples of System State Transitions” on page 612 for more information.
State Definition
ADMIN_WAIT The running configuration was lost. A system transitions into

this state for the following reasons:
◆ The last system in the RUNNING configuration leaves the
cluster before another system takes a snapshot of its
configuration and transitions to the RUNNING state.
◆ A system in LOCAL_BUILD state tries to build the
configuration from disk and receives an unexpected error
from hacf indicating the configuration is invalid.
CURRENT_DISCOVER_WAIT The system has joined the cluster and its configuration file is
valid. The system is waiting for information from other
systems before it determines how to transition to another
state.
CURRENT_PEER_WAIT The system has a valid configuration file and another system
is doing a build from disk (LOCAL_BUILD). When its peer
finishes the build, this system transitions to the state
REMOTE_BUILD.
EXITING The system is leaving the cluster.
EXITED The system has left the cluster.
EXITING_FORCIBLY An hastop -force command has forced the system to leave

the cluster.

System States
State Definition
FAULTED The system has left the cluster unexpectedly.
INITING The system has joined the cluster. This is the initial state for
all systems.
LEAVING The system is leaving the cluster gracefully. When the agents
have been stopped, and when the current configuration is
written to disk, the system transitions to EXITING.
LOCAL_BUILD The system is building the running configuration from the

disk configuration.
REMOTE_BUILD The system is building a running configuration that it

obtained from a peer in a RUNNING state.
RUNNING The system is an active member of the cluster.
STALE_ADMIN_WAIT The system has a stale configuration and there is no other

system in the state of RUNNING from which to retrieve a
configuration. If a system with a valid configuration is
started, that system enters the LOCAL_BUILD state.
Systems in STALE_ADMIN_WAIT transition to
STALE_PEER_WAIT.
STALE_DISCOVER_WAIT The system has joined the cluster with a stale configuration
file. It is waiting for information from any of its peers before
determining how to transition to another state.
STALE_PEER_WAIT The system has a stale configuration file and another system
is doing a build from disk (LOCAL_BUILD). When its peer
finishes the build, this system transitions to the state
REMOTE_BUILD.
UNKNOWN The system has not joined the cluster because it does not have
a system entry in the configuration.
Appendix B, Cluster and System States 611

System States
Examples of System State Transitions

◆ If VCS is started on a system, and if that system is the only one in the cluster with a
valid configuration, the system transitions to the RUNNING state:
INITING -> CURRENT_DISCOVER_WAIT -> LOCAL_BUILD -> RUNNING
◆ If VCS is started on a system with a valid configuration file, and if at least one other
system is already in the RUNNING state, the new system transitions to the RUNNING
state:
INITING -> CURRENT_DISCOVER_WAIT -> REMOTE_BUILD -> RUNNING
◆ If VCS is started on a system with a stale configuration file, and if at least one other
system is already in the RUNNING state, the new system transitions to the RUNNING
state:
INITING -> STALE_DISCOVER_WAIT -> REMOTE_BUILD -> RUNNING
◆ If VCS is started on a system with a stale configuration file, and if all other systems are
in STALE_ADMIN_WAIT state, the system transitions to the STALE_ADMIN_WAIT state as
shown below. A system stays in this state until another system with a valid
configuration file is started, or when the command hasys -force is issued.
INITING -> STALE_DISCOVER_WAIT -> STALE_ADMIN_WAIT
◆ If VCS is started on a system with a valid configuration file, and if other systems are in
the ADMIN_WAIT state, the new system transitions to the ADMIN_WAIT state.
INITING -> CURRENT_DISCOVER_WAIT -> ADMIN_WAIT
◆ If VCS is started on a system with a stale configuration file, and if other systems are in
the ADMIN_WAIT state, the new system transitions to the ADMIN_WAIT state.
INITING -> STALE_DISCOVER_WAIT -> ADMIN_WAIT
◆ When a system in RUNNING state is stopped with the hastop command, it transitions
to the EXITED state as shown below. During the LEAVING state, any online system
resources are taken offline. When all of the system’s resources are taken offline and
the agents are stopped, the system transitions to the EXITING state, then EXITED.
RUNNING -> LEAVING -> EXITING -> EXITED

VCS Attributes C
This chapter contains a comprehensive list of VCS attributes. Attributes are categorized by
cluster object, as indicated below:
◆ Resource Attributes
◆ Resource Type Attributes
◆ Service Group Attributes
◆ System Attributes
◆ Cluster Attributes
◆ Heartbeat Attributes (for global clusters)
You can modify the values of attributes labeled “user-defined” from the command line or
graphical user interface, or by manually modifying the main.cf configuration file. The
default values of VCS attributes are suitable for most environments; however, you can
change the attribute values to better suit your environment and enhance performance.
Caution When changing the values of attributes, be aware that VCS attributes interact
with each other. After changing the value of an attribute, observe the cluster
systems to confirm that unexpected behavior does not impair performance.
The values of attributes labeled “system use only” are set by VCS and are read-only. They
contain important information about the state of the cluster.
The values labeled “agent-defined” are set by the corresponding agent and are also
read-only.
In addition to the attributes listed in this appendix, see the VERITAS Cluster Server Agent
Developer’s Guide.
613
Resource Attributes
Resource Attributes
Resource Attributes Type-Dimension Definition
ArgListValues string-vector List of arguments passed to the resource’s agent

(agent-defined) on each system.This attribute is resource- and
system-specific, meaning that the list of values
passed to the agent depend on which system
and resource they are intended.
Default is non-applicable.
AutoStart boolean-scalar Indicates the resource is brought online when

(user-defined) the service group is brought online.
Default = 1
ComputeStats boolean-scalar Indicates to agent framework whether or not to

(user-defined) calculate the resource’s monitor statistics.
Default = 0
ConfidenceLevel integer-scalar Indicates the level of confidence in an online

(agent-defined) resource. Values range from 0–100. Note that
some VCS agents may not take advantage of
this attribute and may always set it to 0. Set the
level to 100 if the attribute is not used.
Default = 0
Critical boolean-scalar Indicates the service group is faulted when the

(user-defined) resource, or any resource it depends on, faults.
Default = 1

Resource Attributes
Enabled boolean-scalar Indicates agents monitor the resource.

(user-defined) If a resource is created dynamically while VCS
is running, you must enable the resource before
VCS monitors it. For more information on how
to add or enable resources, see the chapters on
administering VCS from the command line and
graphical user interfaces.
When Enabled is set to 0, it implies a disabled
resource. VCS will not bring a disabled
resource, nor its children online, even if the
children are enabled. See “Troubleshooting VCS
Startup” on page 573 for details.
If you specify the resource in main.cf prior to
starting VCS, the default value for this attribute
is 1, otherwise it is 0.
Flags integer scalar Provides additional information for the state of

(system use only) a resource. Primarily this attribute raises flags
pertaining to the resource.
Values:
NORMAL indicates standard working order.
RESTARTING indicates the resource faulted and
that the agent is attempting to restart the
resource on the same system.
STATE UNKNOWN indicates the latest monitor
call by the agent could not determine if the
resource was online or offline.
MONITOR TIMEDOUT indicates the latest monitor
call by the agent was terminated because it
exceeded the maximum time specified by the
static attribute MonitorTimeout.
UNABLE TO OFFLINE indicates the agent
attempted to offline the resource but the
resource did not go offline. This flag is also set
when a resource faults and the clean entry point
completes successfully, but the subsequent
monitor hangs or is unable to determine
resource status.
Appendix C, VCS Attributes 615

Resource Attributes
Group string-scalar String name of the service group to which the

(system use only) resource belongs.
IState integer-scalar Indicates internal state of a resource. In addition

(system use only) to the State attribute, this attribute shows to
which state the resource is transitioning.
Values:
NOT WAITING Resource is not in transition.
WAITING TO GO ONLINE Agent notified to bring
the resource online but procedure not yet
complete.
WAITING FOR CHILDREN ONLINE Resource to be
brought online, but resource depends on at least
one offline resource. Resource transitions to
WAITING TO GO ONLINE when all children are
online.
WAITING TO GO OFFLINE Agent notified to take
the resource offline but procedure not yet
complete.
WAITING TO GO OFFLINE (propagate) Same as
above, but when completed the resource’s
children will also be offline.
WAITING TO GO ONLINE (reverse) Resource
waiting to be brought online, but when it is
online it attempts to go offline. Typically this is
the result of issuing an offline command while
resource was waiting to go online.
WAITING TO GO OFFLINE (reverse/propagate)
Same as above, but resource propagates
offlining.
Default = NOT WAITING
LastOnline string-scalar Indicates the system name on which the

(system use only) resource was last online. This attribute is set by
VCS.

Resource Attributes
MonitorOnly boolean-scalar Indicates if the resource can be brought online

(system use only) or taken offline. If set to 0, resource can be
brought online or taken offline. If set to 1,
resource can be monitored only.
Note This attribute can only be modified by the
command hagrp -freeze.
Default = 0
MonitorTimeStats string-association Valid keys are Average and TS. Average is the
(system use only) average time taken by the monitor entry point
over the last Frequency number of monitor
cycles. TS is the timestamp indicating when the
engine updated the resource’s Average value.
Defaults:
Average = 0
TS = ""
Name string-scalar Contains actual name of resource.

(system use only) Default is non-applicable.
Path boolean-scalar Set to 1 to identify a resource as a member of a

(system use only) path in the dependency tree to be taken offline
on a specific system after a resource faults.
Default = 0
Probed boolean-scalar Indicates whether the resource has been

(system use only) detected by the agent.
Default = 0
ResourceInfo string-association This attribute has three predefined keys:

(system use only) State: values are Valid, Invalid, or Stale
Msg: output of the info entry point captured on
stdout by the agent framework
TS: timestamp indicating when the
ResourceInfo attribute was updated by the
agent framework
Defaults:
State = Valid
Msg = ""
TS = ""

Resource Attributes
ResourceOwner string-scalar Used for VCS email notification and logging.

(user-defined) VCS sends email notification to the person
designated in this attribute when an event
occurs related to the resource. VCS also logs the
owner name when an event occurs.
If ResourceOwner is not specified in main.cf,
the default value is “unknown”.
Signaled integer-association Indicates whether a resource has been

(system use only) traversed. Used when bringing a service group
online or taking it offline.
Start integer-scalar Indicates whether a resource was started (the

(system use only) process of bringing it online was initiated) on a
system.
Default = 0
State integer-scalar Resource state displays the state of the resource

(system use only) and the flags associated with the resource.
(Flags are also captured by the Flags attribute.)
This attribute and Flags present a
comprehensive view of the resource’s current
state.
Values:
ONLINE
OFFLINE
FAULTED
ONLINE|STATE UNKNOWN
ONLINE|MONITOR TIMEDOUT
ONLINE|UNABLE TO OFFLINE
OFFLINE|STATE UNKNOWN
FAULTED|RESTARTING
A FAULTED resource is physically offline,
though unintentionally.
Default = OFFLINE
TriggerEvent boolean-scalar A flag that turns Events on or off.

(system use only) Default = 0


As indicated in the following table, some predefined, static attributes for resource types
can be overridden. Additionally, all static attributes that are not predefined can be
overridden. See “Overriding Resource Type Static Attributes” on page 92 for details.
For more information on any attribute listed below, see the chapter on setting agent
parameters in the VERITAS Cluster Server Agent Developer’s Guide.
Resource Type Type-Dimension Definition

Attributes
ActionTimeout integer-scalar Timeout value for the Action entry point.

(user-defined) Default = 40 seconds
AgentClass string-scalar Indicates the scheduling class for the VCS agent
(user-defined) process.
Default = TS
AgentFailedOn string-keylist A list of systems on which the agent for the

(system use only) resource type has failed.
AgentPriority string-scalar Indicates the priority in which the agent process

(user-defined) runs.
Default = 0
AgentReplyTimeout integer-scalar The number of seconds the engine waits to

(user-defined) receive a heartbeat from the agent before
restarting the agent.
Default = 130 seconds
AgentStartTimeout integer-scalar The number of seconds after starting the agent

(user-defined) that the engine waits for the initial agent
“handshake” before restarting the agent.
ArgList string-vector An ordered list of attributes whose values are

(user-defined) passed to the open, close, online, offline,
monitor, and clean entry points.


Attributes
AttrChangedTimeout integer-scalar Maximum time (in seconds) within which the

(user-defined) attr_changed entry point must complete or be
terminated.
Note This attribute can be
overridden. Default = 60 seconds
CleanTimeout integer-scalar Maximum time (in seconds) within which the

(user-defined) clean entry point must complete or else be
terminated.
CloseTimeout integer-scalar Maximum time (in seconds) within which the

(user-defined) close entry point must complete or else be
terminated.
ConfInterval integer-scalar When a resource has remained online for the

(user-defined) specified time (in seconds), previous faults and
restart attempts are ignored by the agent. (See
ToleranceLimit and RestartLimit attributes for
overridden.
details.)
FaultononitorTimeouts integer-scalar When a monitor times out as many times as the

(user-defined) value specified, the corresponding resource is
brought down by calling the clean entry point.
The resource is then marked FAULTED, or it is
overridden.
restarted, depending on the value set in the
RestartLimit attribute.
When FaultOnMonitorTimeouts is set to 0,
monitor failures are not considered indicative of
a resource fault. A low value may lead to
spurious resource faults, especially on heavily
loaded systems.
Default = 4
FireDrill boolean-scalar Specifies whether or not fire drill is enabled for

(user-defined) resource type. If set to 1, fire drill is enabled. If
set to 0, it is disabled.
Default = 0


Attributes
InfoInterval integer-scalar Duration (in seconds) after which the info entry
(user-defined) point is invoked by the agent framework for
ONLINE resources of the particular resource type.
If set to 0, the agent framework does not
periodically invoke the info entry point. To
manually invoke the info entry point, use the
command hares -refreshinfo. If the value
you designate is 30, for example, the entry point
is invoked every 30 seconds for all ONLINE
resources of the particular resource type.
Default = 0
InfoTimeout integer-scalar Timeout value forinfo entry point. If entry point

(user-defined) does not complete by the designated time, the
agent framework cancels the entry point’s
thread.
LogDbg string-keylist Indicates the debug severities enabled for the

(user-defined) resource type or agent framework. Debug
severities used by the agent entry points are in
the range of DBG_1–DBG_21. The debug
messages from the agent framework are logged
with the severities DBG_AGINFO, DBG_AGDEBUG
and DBG_AGTRACE, representing the least to
most verbose.
Default = {} (none)
This attribute replaces the attributes LogLevel
and LogTags. The following chart compares the
previous functionality with the latest.
LogLevel -> LogDbg
info (DBG_AGINFO)
debug (DBG_AGINFO, DBG_AGDEBUG)
all (DBG_AGINFO, DBG_AGDEBUG
and DBG_AGTRACE)
LogTags -> LogDbg
F (DBG_1)
G (DBG_2)
: (DBG_21)


Attributes
LogFileSize integer-scalar Specifies the size (in bytes) of the agent log file.
(user-defined) Minimum value is 65536 bytes. Maximum value
is 134217728 bytes (128MB).
Default = 33554432 (32MB)
MonitorInterval integer-scalar Duration (in seconds) between two consecutive

(user-defined) monitor calls for an ONLINE or transitioning
resource.
A lower value may impact performance if many
resources of the same type exist. A higher value
may delay detection of a faulted resource.
MonitorStatsParam integer-association Stores the required parameter values for

(user-defined) calculating monitor time statistics.
static str MonitorStatsParam = {
Frequency = 10, ExpectedValue =
3000, ValueThreshold = 100,
AvgThreshold = 40 }
Frequency: Defines the number of monitor cycles
after which the average monitor cycle time
should be computed and sent to the engine. If
configured, the value for this attribute must be
between 1 and 30. It is set to 0 by default.
ExpectedValue: The expected monitor time in
milliseconds for all resources of this type.
Default=3000.
ValueThreshold: The acceptable percentage
difference between the expected monitor cycle
time (ExpectedValue) and the actual monitor
cycle time. Default=100.
AvgThreshold: The acceptable percentage
difference between the benchmark average and
the moving average of monitor cycle times.
Default=40.
MonitorTimeout integer-scalar Maximum time (in seconds) within which the

(user-defined) monitor entry point must complete or else be
terminated.


Attributes
NameRule string-scalar This attribute is no longer used by VCS.
NumThreads integer-scalar Number of threads used within the agent

(user-defined) process for managing resources. This number
does not include threads used for other internal
purposes.
Default = 10
Increasing to a significantly large value can
degrade system performance. Decreasing to 1
prevents multiple threads. The agent framework
limits the maximum value of this attribute to 20.
OfflineMonitorInterval integer-scalar Duration (in seconds) between two consecutive

(user-defined) monitor calls for an OFFLINE resource. If set to 0,
OFFLINE resources are not monitored.
OfflineTimeout integer-scalar Maximum time (in seconds) within which the

(user-defined) offline entry point must complete or else be
terminated.
OnlineRetryLimit integer-scalar Number of times to retry online, if the attempt

(user-defined) to online a resource is unsuccessful. This
parameter is meaningful only if clean is
implemented.
overridden.
Default = 0
OnlineTimeout integer-scalar Maximum time (in seconds) within which the

(user-defined) online entry point must complete or else be
terminated.
Increase only if resource is likely to take a longer
time to come online.
OnlineWaitLimit integer-scalar Number of monitor intervals to wait after

(user-defined) completing the online procedure, and before the
resource becomes online.
overridden. Default = 2


Attributes
OpenTimeout integer-scalar Maximum time (in seconds) within which the

(user-defined) open entry point must complete or else be
terminated.
Operations string-scalar Indicates valid operations of resources of the

(user-defined) resource type. Values are OnOnly (can online
only), OnOff (can online and offline), None
(cannot online or offline).
Default = OnOff
RestartLimit integer-scalar Number of times to retry bringing a resource

(user-defined) online when it is taken offline unexpectedly and
before VCS declares it FAULTED.
ScriptClass string-scalar Indicates the scheduling class of the script

(user-defined) processes (for example, online) created by the
agent.
Default = TS
ScriptPriority string-scalar Indicates the priority of the script processes

(user-defined) created by the agent.
Default = 0
SourceFile string-scalar File from which the configuration was read.

(user-defined) Always set to .\types.cf.
SupportedActions string-vector Valid action tokens for resource.

(user-defined) Default = {}
ToleranceLimit integer-scalar Number of times the monitor entry point should

(user-defined) return OFFLINE before declaring the resource
FAULTED.
A large value could delay detection of a
genuinely faulted resource.

Service Group Attributes
Service Group Type-Dimension Definition

Attributes
ActiveCount integer-scalar Number of resources in a service group that are

(system use only) active (online or waiting to go online). When the
number drops to zero, the service group is
considered offline.
Administrators string-keylist List of VCS users with privileges to administer

(user-defined) the group.
Note A Group Administrator can perform all
operations related to a specific service
group, but cannot perform generic cluster
operations. See “VCS User Privileges” on
page 53 for details.
Default = ""
Authority integer-scalar Indicates whether or not the local cluster is

(user-defined) allowed to bring the service group online. If set to
0, it is not, if set to 1, it is. Only one cluster can
have this attribute set to 1 for a specific global
group. See “Administering Service Groups” on
page 477 for details.
Default = 0
AutoDisabled boolean-scalar Indicates that VCS does not know the status of a
(system use only) service group (or specified system for parallel
service groups). This is due to:
◆ Group not probed (on specified system for
parallel groups) in the SystemList attribute.
◆ VCS engine is not running on a node
designated in the SystemList attribute, but the
node is visible.
AutoFailOver boolean-scalar Indicates whether VCS initiates an automatic

(user-defined) failover if the service group faults.
Default = 1 (enabled)


Attributes
AutoRestart boolean-scalar Restarts a service group after a faulted persistent

(user-defined) resource becomes online. See “Categories of
Service Group Dependencies” on page 387 for
details.
Note This attribute applies to persistent
resources only.
AutoStart boolean-scalar Designates whether a service group is

(user-defined) automatically started when VCS is started.
AutoStartIfPartial boolean-scalar Indicates whether to initiate bringing a service

(user-defined) group online if the group is probed and
discovered to be in a PARTIAL state when VCS is
started.
AutoStartList string-keylist List of systems on which, under specific

(user-defined) conditions, the service group will be started with
VCS (usually at system boot). For example, if a
system is a member of a failover service group’s
AutoStartList attribute, and if it is not already
running on another system in the cluster, the
group is brought online when the system is
started.
VCS uses the AutoStartPolicy attribute (described
below) to determine the system onwhich to bring
the service group online.
Note For the service group to start, AutoStart
must be enabled and Frozen must be 0.
Also, beginning with 1.3.0, you must define
the SystemList attribute prior to setting this
attribute.
Default = "" (none)


Attributes
AutoStartPolicy string-scalar Sets the policy VCS uses to determine on which

(user-defined) system to bring a service group online if multiple
systems are available.
This attribute has three options:
Order (default): Systems are chosen in the order
in which they are defined in the AutoStartList
attribute.
Load: Systems are chosen in the order of their
capacity, as designated in the AvailableCapacity
system attribute. System with the highest
capacity is chosen first.
Priority: Systems are chosen in the order of their
priority in the SystemList attribute. Systems with
the lowest priority is chosen first.
Default = Order
ClusterFailOverPolicy string-scalar Determines how a global service group behaves

(user-defined) when a cluster faults.
◆ If set to Manual, the group does not fail over
to another cluster automatically.
◆ If set to Auto, the group fails over to another
cluster automatically if it is unable to fail over
within the local cluster, or if the entire cluster
faults.
◆ If set to Connected, the group fails over
automatically to another cluster only if it is
unable to fail over within the local cluster.
Default = Manual
ClusterList integer-association Specifies the list of clusters on which the service

(user-defined) group is configured to run.
CurrentCount integer-scalar Number of systems on which the service group is

(system use only) active.
DeferAutoStart boolean-scalar Indicates whether HAD defers the auto-start of a

(system use only) local group in case the global cluster is not fully
connected.


Attributes
Enabled boolean-scalar Indicates if a group can be failed over or brought

(user-defined) online. If any of the local values are disabled, the
group is disabled.
Evacuate boolean-scalar Indicates if VCS initiates an automatic failover

(user-defined) when user issues hastop -local -evacuate.
Default = 1
Evacuating integer-scalar Indicates the node ID from which the service

(system use only) group is being evacuated.
Failover boolean-scalar Indicates service group is in the process of failing

(system use only) over.
FailOverPolicy string-scalar Sets the policy VCS uses to determine which

(user-defined) system a group fails over to if multiple systems
exist.
Values:
Priority (default): The system defined as the
lowest priority in the SystemList attribute is
chosen.
Load: The system defined with the least value in
the system’s Load attribute is chosen.
RoundRobin: Systems are chosen according to
how many active service groups they are hosting.
The system with the least number of active
service groups is chosen first.


Attributes
FaultPropagation boolean-scalar Specifies if VCS should propagate the fault up to

(user-defined) parent resources and take the entire service group
offline when a resource faults, or if VCS should
not take the group offline, but fail the group over
only when the system faults. This attribute value
can be set to 0 or 1.
Default = 1
If FaultPropagation is set to 1, when a resource in
the service group faults, the group is failed over if
the group’s AutoFailOver attribute is set to 1. If
FaultPropagation is set to 0, when a resource in
the service group faults, no other resources are
taken offline nor the parent group, regardless of
the value set for the attribute Critical.
Note If this attribute is set to 0, the service group
does not fail over.
FromQ string-association Indicates the system name from which the service
(system use only) group is failing over. This attribute is specified
when service group failover is a direct
consequence of the group event, such as a
resource fault within the group or a group switch.
Frozen boolean-scalar Disables all actions, including autostart, online

(user-defined) and offline, and failover, except for monitor
actions performed by agents. (This convention is
observed by all agents supplied with VCS.)
Default = 0 (not frozen)
GroupOwner string-scalar This attribute is used for VCS email notification

(user-defined) and logging. VCS sends email notification to the
person designated in this attribute when an event
occurs related to the service group. VCS also logs
the owner name when an event occurs.
If GroupOwner is not specified in main.cf, the
default value is “unknown”.


Attributes
IntentOnline integer-scalar Indicates whether to keep service groups online

(system use only) or offline. It is set to 1 by VCS if an attempt has
been made, successful or not, to online theservice
group. For failover groups, this attribute is set to
0 by VCS when the group is taken offline. For
parallel groups, it is set to 0 for the system when
the group is taken offline or when the group
faults and can fail over to another system.
This attribute is set to 2 by VCS for failover
groups if VCS attempts to autostart a service
group; for example, attempting to bring a service
group online on a system from AutoStartList.
LastSuccess integer-scalar Indicates the time when service group was last
(system use only) brought online.
Load integer-scalar Integer value expressing total system load this

(user-defined) group will put on a system.
For example, the administrator may assign a
value of 100 to a large production SQL and 15 to a
Web server.
Default = 0


Attributes
ManageFaults string-scalar Specifies if VCS manages resource failures within

(user-defined) the service group by calling clean entry point for
the resources. This attribute value can be set to
ALL or NONE.
Default = ALL
If set to NONE, VCS does not call clean entry point
for any resource in the group. User intervention is
required to handle resource faults/failures. When
ManageFaults is set to NONE and one of the
following events occur, the resource enters the
ADMIN_WAIT state:
1 - The offline entry point did not complete
within the expected time. Resource state is
ONLINE|ADMIN_WAIT
2 - The offline entry point was ineffective.
Resource state is ONLINE|ADMIN_WAIT
3 - The online entry point did not complete within
the expected time. Resource state is
OFFLINE|ADMIN_WAIT
4 - The online entry point was ineffective.
Resource state is OFFLINE|ADMIN_WAIT
5 - The resource was taken offline unexpectedly.
Resource state is OFFLINE|ADMIN_WAIT
6 - For the online resource the monitor entry point
consistently failed to complete within the
expected time. Resource state is ONLINE|
MONITOR_ TIMEDOUT|ADMIN_WAIT
See “Clearing Resources in the ADMIN_WAIT
State” on page 361 for more information.
ManualOps string-scalar Indicates if manual operations are allowed on the

(user-defined) service group.
MigrateQ string-association Indicates the system from which the service

(system use only) group is migrating. This attribute is specified
when group failover is an indirect consequence
(in situations such as a system shutdown or
another group faults and is linked to this group).


Attributes
NumRetries integer-scalar Indicates the number of attempts made to bring a

(system use only) service group online. This attribute is used only if
the attribute OnlineRetryLimit is set for the
service group.
OnlineRetryInterval integer-scalar Indicates the interval, in seconds, during which a

(user-defined) service group that has successfully restarted on
the same system and faults again should be failed
over, even if the attribute OnlineRetryLimit is
non-zero. This prevents a group from
continuously faulting and restarting on the same
system.
Default = 0
OnlineRetryLimit integer-scalar If non-zero, specifies the number of times the

(user-defined) VCS engine tries to restart a faulted service group
on the same system on which the group faulted,
before it gives up and tries to fail over the group
to another system.
Default = 0
Operators string-keylist List of VCS users with privileges to operate the

(user-defined) group. A Group Operator can only perform
online/offline, and temporary freeze/unfreeze
operations pertaining to a specific group. See
“VCS User Privileges” on page 53 for details.
Default = ""
Parallel integer-scalar Indicates if service group is failover (0), parallel

(user-defined) (1), or hybrid(2).
Default = 0
PathCount integer-scalar Number of resources in path not yet taken offline.

(system use only) When this number drops to zero, the engine may
take the entire service group offline if critical fault
has occurred.


Attributes
PreOnline boolean-scalar Indicates that the VCS engine should not online a
(user-defined) service group in response to a manual group
online, group autostart, or group failover. The
engine should instead call a user-defined script
that checks for external conditions before
bringing the group online.
Default = 0
PreOnlining integer-scalar Indicates that VCS engine invoked the preonline

(system use only) script; however, the script has not yet returned
with group online.
PreonlineTimeout integer-scalar Defines the maximum amount of time the

(user-defined) preonline script takes to run the command
hagrp -online -nopre for thegroup. Note that
HAD uses this timeout during evacuation only.
For example, when a user runs the command
hastop -local -evacuate and the Preonline
trigger is invoked on the system on which the
service groups are being evacuated.
Prerequisites integer-association An unordered set of name=value pairs denoting

(user-defined) specific resources required by a service group. If
prerequisites are not met, the group cannot go
online. The format for Prerequisites is:
Prerequisites() = { Name=Value, name2=value2}.
Names used in setting Prerequisites are arbitrary
and not obtained from the system. Coordinate
name=value pairs listed in Prerequisites with the
same name=value pairs in Limits(). See “Limits
and Prerequisites” on page 367 for details.
PrintTree boolean-scalar Indicates whether or not the resource

(user-defined) dependency tree is written to the configuration
file.
Default = 1


Attributes
Priority integer-scalar Enables users to designate and prioritize the

(user-defined) service group. VCS does not interpret the value;
rather, this attribute enables the user to configure
the priority of a service group and the sequence
of actions required in response to a particular
event.
Default = 0
Probed boolean-scalar Indicates whether all enabled resources in the

(system use only) group have been detected by their respective
agents.
ProbesPending integer-scalar The number of resources that remain to be

(system use only) detected by the agent on each system.
Responding integer-scalar Indicates VCS engine is responding to a failover

(system use only) event and is in the process of bringing the service
group online or failing over the node.
Restart integer-scalar For internal use only.

(system use only)

(system use only) Always set to ./main.cf.


Attributes
State integer-scalar Group state on each system:

(system use only) OFFLINE All non-persistent resources are offline.
ONLINE All resources whose AutoStart attribute
is equal to 1 are online.
FAULTED At least one critical resource in the
group is faulted or is affected by a fault.
PARTIAL At least one, but not all, resources with
Operations=OnOff is online, and not all
AutoStart resources are online.
STARTING Group is attempting to go online.
STOPPING Group is attempting to go offline.
It ispossible that a group state isa combination of
the multiple states described above. For example,
OFFLINE | FAULTED
OFFLINE | STARTED
PARTIAL | FAULTED
PARTIAL | STARTING
PARTIAL | STOPPING
ONLINE | STOPPING
SystemList string-association List of systems on which the service group is

(user-defined) configured to run and their priorities. Lower
numbers indicate a preference for the system as a
failover target.
Note Beginning with 1.3.0, you must define this
attribute prior to setting the AutoStartList
attribute.
Default = "" (none)
SystemZones integer-association Indicates the virtual sublists within the

(user-defined) SystemList attribute that grant priority in failing
over. Values are string/integer pairs. The string
key is the name of a system in the SystemList
attribute, and the integer is the number of the
zone. Systems with the same zone number are
members of the same zone. If a service group
faults on one system in a zone, it is granted
priority to fail over to another system within the
same zone, despite the policy granted by the
FailOverPolicy attribute.


Attributes
Tag string-scalar Identifies special-purpose service groups created

(user-defined) for specific VCS products.
TargetCount integer-scalar Indicates the number of target systems on which

(system use only) the service group should be brought online.
TFrozen boolean-scalar Indicates if service groups can be brought online

(user-defined) on the system. Groups cannot be brought online if
the attribute value is 1.
Default = 0 (not frozen)
ToQ string-association Indicates the node name to which the service is

(system use only) failing over. This attribute is specified when
service group failover is a direct consequence of
the group event, such as a resource fault within
the group or a group switch.
TriggerEvent boolean-scalar For internal use only.

(system use only)
TriggerResStateChange boolean-scalar Determines whether or not to invoke the

(user-defined) resstatechange trigger if resource state changes.
Default = 0 (disabled)
TypeDependencies string-keylist Creates a dependency (via an ordered list)

(user-defined) between resource types specified in the service
group list, and all instances of the respective
resource type.
Default = ""


Attributes
UserIntGlobal integer-scalar Use this attribute for any purpose.

(user-defined) It is not used by VCS.
Default = 0
UserStrGlobal string-scalar VCS uses this attribute in the ClusterService

(user-defined) group. Do not modify this attribute in the
ClusterService group.
Use the attribute for any purpose in other service
groups.
Default = 0
UserIntLocal integer-scalar Use this attribute for any purpose.

Default = 0
UserStrLocal string-scalar Use this attribute for any purpose.

Default = ""

System Attributes
System Attributes
System Attributes Type-Dimension Definition
AgentsStopped integer-scalar This attribute is set to 1 on a system when all

(system use only) agents running on the system are stopped.
AvailableCapacity integer-scalar Indicates system’s available capacity when

(system use only) trigger is fired. If this value is negative, the
argument contains the prefix % (percentage
sign); for example, %-4.
Capacity integer-scalar Value expressing total system load capacity.

(user-defined) This value is relative to other systems in the
cluster and does not reflect any real value
associated with a particular system.
For example, the administrator may assign a
value of 200 to a 16-processor machine and
100 to an 8-processor machine.
Default = 100
ConfigBlockCount integer-scalar Number of 512-byte blocks in configuration

(system use only) when the system joined the cluster.
ConfigCheckSum integer-scalar Sixteen-bit checksum of configuration

(system use only) identifying when the system joined the
cluster.
ConfigDiskState integer-scalar State of configuration on the disk when the

(system use only) system joined the cluster.
ConfigFile string-scalar Directory containing the configuration files.

(user-defined)
ConfigInfoCnt integer-scalar The count of outstanding CONFIG_INFO

(system use only) messages the local node expects from a new
membership message. This attribute is
non-zero for the brief period during which
new membership is processed. When the
value returns to 0, the state of all nodes in the
cluster is determined.

System Attributes
ConfigModDate integer-scalar Last modification date of configuration when

(system use only) the system joined the cluster.
CPUUsage integer-scalar Indicates the system’s CPU usage by CPU

(system use only) percentage utilization. Thisattribute’s value is
valid if the Enabled value in the
CPUUsageMonitoring attribute (below)
equals 1. The value of this attribute is updated
when there is a change of five percent since
the last indicated value.
CPUUsageMonitoring string-association Monitors the system’s CPU usage using

various factors.
Defaults for this attribute are:
Enabled = 0, NotifyThreshold = 0,
NotifyTimeLimit = 0, ActionThreshold = 0,
ActionTimeLimit = 0, Action = NONE.
The values for ActionTimeLimit and
NotifiyTimeLimt represent the time in
seconds. The values for ActionThreshold and
NotifyThreshold represent the threshold in
terms of CPU percentage utilization.
See “Monitoring CPU Usage” on page 565 for
more information regarding this attribute and
its role in VCS performance.
CurrentLimits integer-association System-maintained calculation of current

(system use only) value of Limits.
CurrentLimits = Limits - (additive value of all
service group Prerequisites).
DynamicLoad integer-scalar System-maintained value of current dynamic

(user-defined) load. The value is set external to VCS with the
hasys -load command.
EngineRestarted boolean-scalar Indicates whether the VCS engine (HAD) was

(system use only) restarted by the hashadow process on a node
in the cluster. The value 1 indicates that the
engine was restarted; 0 indicates it was not
restarted.

System Attributes
Frozen boolean-scalar Indicates if service groups can be brought

(user-defined) online on the system. Groups cannot be
brought online if the attribute value is 1.
GUIIPAddr string-scalar Determines the local IP address that VCS uses

(user-defined) to accept connections. Incoming connections
over other IP addresses are dropped. If
GUIIPAddr is not set, the default behavior is
to accept external connections over all
configured local IP addresses.
For additional information, see “User
Privileges for CLI Commands” on page 57.
LicenseType integer-scalar Indicates the license type of the base VCS key
(system use only) used by the system. Possible values are:
◆ 0—DEMO
◆ 1—PERMANENT
◆ 2—PERMANENT_NODE_LOCK
◆ 3—DEMO_NODE_LOCK
◆ 4—NFR
◆ 5—DEMO_EXTENSION
◆ 6—NFR_NODE_LOCK
◆ 7—DEMO_EXTENSION_NODE_LOCK
Limits integer-association An unordered set of name=value pairs

(user-defined) denoting specific resources available on a
system. Names are arbitrary and are set by the
administrator for any value. Names are not
obtained from the system.
The format for Limits is:
Limits = { Name=Value, Name2=Value2 }.
Default = ""
LinkHbStatus string-association Indicates status of private network links on

(system use only) any system.
LLTNodeId integer-scalar Displays the node ID defined in the file

(system use only) /etc/llttab.

System Attributes
LoadTimeCounter integer-scalar System-maintained internal counter of how

(system use only) many seconds the system load has been above
LoadWarningLevel. This value resets to zero
anytime system load drops below the value in
LoadWarningLevel.
LoadTimeThreshold integer-scalar How long the system load must remain at or

(user-defined) above LoadWarningLevel before the
LoadWarning trigger is fired. If set to 0
overload calculations are disabled.
LoadWarningLevel integer-scalar A value expressed as a percentage of total

(user-defined) capacity where load has reached a critical
limit. If set to 0 overload calculations are
disabled.
For example, setting LoadWarningLevel = 80
sets the warning level to 80 percent.
The value of this attribute can be set from 1 to
100. If set to 1, system load must equal 1
percent of system capacity to begin
incrementing the LoadTimeCounter. If set to
100, system load must equal system capacity
to increment the LoadTimeCounter.
Default = 80 percent
MajorVersion integer-scalar Major version of system’s join protocol.

(system use only)
MinorVersion integer-scalar Minor version of system’s join protocol.

(system use only)
NoAutoDisable boolean-scalar When set to 0, this attribute autodisables

(system use only) service groups when the VCS engine is taken
down. Groups remain autodisabled until the
engine is brought up (regular membership).
Setting this attribute to 1 bypasses the
autodisable feature.
Default = 0
NodeId integer-scalar System (node) identification specified in

(system use only) /etc/llttab.

System Attributes
OnGrpCnt integer-scalar Number of groups that are online, or about to

(system use only) go online, on a system.
ShutdownTimeout integer-scalar Determines whether to treat system reboot as

(user-defined) a fault for service groups running on the
system.
On many systems, when a reboot occurs the
processes are stopped first, then the system
goes down. When the VCS engine is stopped,
service groups that include the failed system
in their SystemList attributes are
autodisabled. However, if the system goes
down within the number of seconds
designated in ShutdownTimeout, service
groups previously online on the failed system
are treated as faulted and failed over.
If you do not want to treat the system reboot
as a fault, set the value for this attribute to 0.

(user-defined) Always set to ./main.cf.
SysInfo string-scalar Provides platform-specific information,

(system use only) including the name, version, and release of the
operating system, the name of the system on
which it is running, and the hardware type.
SysName string-scalar Indicates the system name.

(system use only)
SysState integer-scalar Indicates system states, such as RUNNING,

(system use only) FAULTED, EXITED, etc.
SystemLocation string-scalar Indicates the location of the system.

(user-defined)

System Attributes
SystemOwner string-scalar This attribute is used for VCS email

(user-defined) notification and logging. VCS sends email
notification to the person designated in this
attribute when an event occurs related to the
system. VCS also logs the owner name when
an event occurs.
If SystemOwner is not specified in main.cf, the
default value is “unknown”.
TFrozen boolean-scalar Indicates if a group can be brought online or

(user-defined) taken offline.
Default = 0
TRSE integer-scalar Indicates in seconds the time to Regular State

(system use only) Exit. Time is calculated as the duration
between the events of VCS losing port h
membership and of VCS losing port a
membership of GAB.
UpDownState integer-scalar This attribute has four values:

(system use only) 0 (DOWN):
System is powered off, or GAB and LLT are
not running on the system.
1 (P BUT NOT IN CLUSTER MEMBERSHIP):
◆ GAB and LLT are running but the VCS
engine is not.
2 (UP AND IN JEOPARDY):
The system is up and part of cluster
membership, but only one network link (LLT)
remains.
3 (UP):
The system is up and part of cluster
membership, and has at least two links to the
cluster.
UserInt integer-scalar Stores a system’s integer value.

(user-defined) Default = 0

System Attributes
VCSFeatures integer-scalar Indicates which VCS features are enabled.

(system use only) Possible values are:
◆ 0—No features enabled (VCS Simulator)
◆ 1—L3+ is enabled
◆ 2—Global Cluster Option is enabled

Cluster Attributes
Cluster Attributes
Cluster Attributes Type-Dimension Definition
Administrators string-keylist Contains list of users with Administrator

(user-defined) privileges.
Default = ""
AutoStartTimeout integer-scalar If the local cluster cannot communicate with

(user-defined) one or more remote clusters, this attribute
specifies the number of seconds the VCS
engine waits before initiating the AutoStart
process for an AutoStart global service group.
ClusState string-scalar Indicates the current state of the cluster.

ClusterAddress string-scalar Specifies the cluster’s virtual IP address (used

(system use only) by a remote cluster when connecting to the
local cluster).
ClusterLocation string-scalar Specifies the location of the cluster.

(user-defined) Default = ""
ClusterName string-scalar Arbitrary string containing the name of

(user-defined) cluster.
Default = ""
ClusterOwner string-scalar This attribute is used for VCS notification;

(user-defined) specifically, VCS sends notifications to
persons designated in this attribute when
when an event occurs related to the cluster.
See “How Notification Works” on page 415
If ClusterOwner is not specified in main.cf,
the default value is “unknown”.
ClusterTime string-scalar The number of seconds since January 1, 1970.

(system use only) This is defined by the lowest node in running
state.

Cluster Attributes
ClusterUUID string-scalar Unique UUIID assigned to the cluster by

(system use only) Availability Manager.
CompareRSM integer-scalar Indicates if VCS engine is to verify that

(user-defined) replicated state machine is consistent. This
can be set by running the hadebug
command.
Default = 0
ConnectorState integer-scalar Indicates the state of the wide-area connector

(system use only) (wac). If 0, wac is not running. If 1, wac is
running and communicating with the VCS
engine.
CounterInterval integer-scalar Intervals counted by the attribute

(user-defined) GlobalCounter indicating approximately
how often a broadcast occurs that will cause
the GlobalCounter attribute to increase.
The default value of the GlobalCounter
increment can be modified by changing
CounterInterval. If you increase this attribute
to exceed five seconds, consider increasing
the default value of the ShutdownTimeout
attribute.
Default = 5
DumpingMembership integer-scalar Indicates that the engine is writing to disk.

EngineClass string-scalar Indicates the scheduling class for the VCS

(user-defined) engine (HAD).
Default = RT
EnginePriority string-scalar Indicates the priority in which HAD runs.

(user-defined) Default is non-applicable.

Cluster Attributes
GlobalCounter integer-scalar This counter increases incrementally by one

(system use only) for each counter interval. It increases when
the broadcast is received.
VCS uses the GlobalCounter attribute to
measure the time it takes to shut down a
system. By default, the GlobalCounter
attribute is updated every five seconds. This
default value, combined with the 120-second
default value of ShutdownTimeout, means if
system goes down within twelve increments
of GlobalCounter, it is treated as a fault. The
default value of GlobalCounter increment can
be modified by changing the CounterInterval
attribute.
GroupLimit integer-scalar Maximum number of service groups.

HacliUserLevel string-scalar This attribute has two, case-sensitive values:

(user-defined) NONE–hacli is disabled for all users regardless
of category.
COMMANDROOT–hacli is enabled for root only.
Default = NONE
Note The command haclus -modify
HacliUserLevel can be executed by
root only.
LinkMonitoring integer-scalar Enables link monitoring.

(user-defined)
LockMemory string-scalar Controls the locking of VCS engine pages in

(user-defined) memory. This attribute has three values.
Values are case-sensitive:
ALL: Locks all current and future pages.
CURRENT: Locks current pages.
NONE: Does not lock any pages.
Default = ALL

Cluster Attributes
LogSize integer-scalar Size of engine log file.

(user-defined) Minimum value = 64KB
Maximum value = 128MB
Default value = 32MB
MajorVersion integer-scalar Major version of system’s join protocol.

MinorVersion integer-scalar Minor version of system’s join protocol.

Notifier string-association Indicates the status of the notifier in the

(system use only) cluster; specifically:
State, which describes current state of
notifier, such as whether or not it is connected
to VCS.
Host, which denotes the host on which
notifier is currently running or was last
running. Default = None
Severity, which denotes the severity level of
messages queued by VCS for notifier.
Messages as severe or more severe as
assigned value are queued by VCS. Values
include Information, Warning, Error, and
SevereError. Default = Warning
Queue, which shows the current size of
message queue for messages queued by VCS
for notifier.
Operators string-keylist Contains list of users with Cluster Operator

(user-defined) privileges.
Default = ""
PanicOnNoMem boolean-scalar For internal use only.

(system use only)
PrintMsg boolean-scalar Enables logging TagM messages in engine log

(user-defined) if set to 1.
Default = 0

Cluster Attributes
ProcessClass string-scalar Indicates the scheduling class for HAD

(user-defined) processes (for example, triggers).
Default = TS
ProcessPriority string-scalar Indicates the priority of HAD processes (for

(user-defined) example, triggers).
Default = 0
ReadOnly integer-scalar Indicates that cluster is in read-only mode.

ResourceLimit integer-scalar Maximum number of resources.

SecureClus boolean-scalar Indicates whether the cluster runs in secure

mode. The value 1 indicated the cluster runs
in secure mode. This attribute cannot be
modified when VCS is running.
Default=0

(user-defined) Always set to ./main.cf.
Stewards string-keylist Specifies the IP address and hostname of

(user-defined) systems running the steward process.
TypeLimit integer-scalar Maximum number of resource types.

UseFence string-scalar Indicates whether the cluster uses SCSI III

(user-defined) I/O fencing.
The value SCSI3 indicates that the cluster
uses I/O fencing; the value NONE indicates
it does not.
Default = NONE
UserNames string-association List of VCS user names.

Note Default user name is “admin”.

Cluster Attributes
VCSi3Info string-association Enables VCS service groups to be mapped to

(system use only) VERITAS i3 applications. This attribute is
managed by the i3 product and should not be
set or modified by the user.
Contact your local VERITAS Sales
Representative for more information on the
benefits of integrating VCS availability
management with i3 performance
management.
VCSFeatures integer-scalar Indicates which VCS features are enabled.

(system use only) Possible values are:
◆ 0—No features are enabled (VCS
Simulator)
◆ 1—L3+ is enabled
◆ 2—Global Cluster Option is enabled
VCSMode integer-scalar Denotes the mode for which VCS is licensed,

(system use only) including VCS, Traffic Director, and
VCS_OPS.
WACPort integer-scalar The TCP port on which the wac (Wide-Area

(user-defined) Connector) process on the local cluster listens
for connection from remote clusters. The
attribute can take a value from 0 to 65535.
Default = 14155

Heartbeat Attributes
Heartbeat Attributes Type-Dimension Definition
AgentState integer-scalar The state of the heartbeat agent.

(system use only) Default = INIT
Arguments string-vector List of arguments to be passed to the agententry

(user-defined) points. For the Icmp agent, this attribute can be
the IP address of the remote cluster.
Default = ""
AYAInterval integer-scalar The interval in seconds between two heartbeats.

(user-defined) Default = 60 seconds
AYARetryLimit integer-scalar The maximum number of lost heartbeats before

(user-defined) the agent reports that heartbeat to the cluster is
down.
Default = 3
AYATimeout integer-scalar The maximum time (in seconds) that the agent
(user-defined) will wait for a heartbeat AYA entry point to
return ALIVE or DOWN before being cancelled.
CleanTimeOut integer-scalar Number of seconds within which the Clean

(user-defined) entry point must complete or be canceled
ClusterList string-keylist Displays the list of remote clusters.

InitTimeout integer-scalar Number of seconds within which the Initialize

(user-defined) entry point must complete or be canceled.
Default is 300 seconds.
LogDbg integer-scalar The log level for the heartbeat.

(user-defined)
State integer-scalar The state of the heartbeat.

Default = UNKNOWN

Heartbeat Attributes Type-Dimension Definition
StartTimeout integer-scalar Number of seconds within which the Start entry

(user-defined) point must complete or be canceled
StopTimeout integer-scalar Number of seconds within which the Stop entry

(user-defined) point must complete or be canceled without
stopping the heartbeat

Administering VERITAS Web Server D
VERITAS Web Server (VRTSweb) is a Web Server component shared by various VERITAS
Web consoles, including VERITAS Cluster Server, VERITAS Volume Replicator, and
VERITAS Traffic Director.
This document describes how to administer VRTSweb and provides instructions for
common configuration tasks. Note that changes to the VRTSweb configuration apply to
all Web consoles sharing the Web server.
Note The Web server is installed at the path /opt/VRTSweb/ on UNIX systems. On
Windows systems, the default installation path is C:\Program
Files\VERITAS\VRTSweb.
653
Getting Started
1. Access the Web server using an existing port number, for example,
http://hostname:8181/.
2. Accept the self-signed certificate (issued by VERITAS) to proceed.

You can prevent this certificate from appearing every time you connect to the console
by installing a CA-signed certificate. See “Configuring a CA-Signed SSL Certificate”
on page 662 for instructions.
3. The browser displays the Home and Configuration tabs.
To view and select the available VERITAS Web consoles, click the Home tab in the top
left corner of the page.
To view and configure ports, SMTP recipients, SMTP servers, and logging, click
Configuration in the top left corner of the page.
654 VERITAS Cluster Server System Administrator’s Guide

Reviewing the Web Server Configuration
Reviewing the Web Server Configuration

1. Access the Web server using an existing port number; for example,
2. Click the Configuration tab.
The Configured Ports table lists information about the configured ports.
The SMTP Recipients table displays information about configured SMTP recipients
and the SMTP server.
The Logging table lists the log levels for various Web server components.
Appendix D, Administering VERITAS Web Server 655

Configuring Ports for VRTSweb

By default, VRTSweb is configured to serve HTML content on two ports: 8181 (HTTP) and
8443 (HTTPS). Additionally, VRTSweb uses port 14300 as an administrative port.
If you use any of these ports for another application on the system, you must configure
VRTSweb to use different ports.
Port 8181 is the non-secure port, used for backward compatibility; 8443 is the secure SSL
port. Users accessing the Web server on the non-secure port are redirected to the secure
port.
When accessing content over the secure port, VRTSweb presents a self-signed SSL
certificate (issued by VERITAS) to the browser. You must accept the certificate before
accessing the secure Web consoles. The SSL protocol prevents malicious users from
sniffing Web console data from the network.
Retrieving the List of Ports

▼ From the command line
Run the following command on the system where VRTSweb is installed:
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui listports
The output displays the list of configured ports and their protocols.
▼ From the Web Console

The Configured Ports table on the right side of the Configuration page lists the ports.

Adding Ports
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui addport portno protocol bind_ip_address
The variable portno represents the port number to be added. The variable protocol
represents the protocol for the port. HTTP specifies a normal HTTP port, HTTPS
specifies a secure SSL port.
Web servers using the HTTP port can be accessed at http://hostname:portno/.
Web servers using the HTTPS port can be accessed at https://hostname:portno/.
The optional variable bind_ip_address specifies that the new port be bound to a
particular IP address instead of each IP address on the system. Use this option to
restrict Web server access to specific administrative subnets. If specified, the IP
address must be available on the system before the Web server is started. Otherwise,
the Web server fails to start.
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui addport 443 HTTPS 101.1.1.2
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui addport 80 HTTP.
▼ From the Web console
3. Click Add Port on the left side of the Configuration page.

4. In the Add Port dialog box:
a. Enter the port number to be added.
b. Choose the HTTP option to add a normal port; choose the HTTPS option to add a
secure SSL port.
Web servers using the HTTP port can be accessed at http://hostname:portno/.
Web servers using the HTTPS port can be accessed at https://hostname:portno/.
c. Enter an IP address to bind the new port to a specific IP address instead of each IP
address on the system. Ensure the IP address is available on the system before
starting the Web server. Use this attribute to restrict Web server access to specific
administrative subnets.
d. Enter the name and password for a user having superuser (administrative)
privileges on the Web server system.
e. Click OK.

Deleting Ports
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui delport <portno> [bind_ip_address]
The variable portno represents the port number to be deleted. If the port was bound to
a particular IP address, use the bind_ip_address option.
You must ensure that at least one port remains configured for the Web server.
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui delport 443 101.1.1.2
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui delport 80
3. Click Delete Port on the left side of the Configuration page.

4. In the Delete Port dialog box:
a. Enter the port number to be deleted. You cannot delete the port being used to
access the Web page.
b. If the port was bound to a particular IP address, enter the IP address.
c. Enter the name and password for a user having superuser (administrative)
privileges on Web server system.
d. Click OK.
Changing the Administrative Port

You can change the administrative port for VRTSweb only from the command line.
1. Stop the Web server:

# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui stop force
2. Set the administrative port to a new value:

# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui adminport new_port_no
3. Restart the Web server:

# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui restart

Managing VRTSweb SSL Certificates

When serving content over the secure port, VRTSweb presents a self-signed SSL certificate
(issued by VERITAS) to the browser. This section describes how you can manage the
certificate.
Note Certificate management commands are available only via the command line
interface. Commands that modify the certificate require a server restart. You can use
the webgui restart command to restart the Web server.
Viewing SSL Certificate Information

To view information about the configured SSL certificate, run the following command on
the system where VRTSweb is installed:
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui cert display
Creating a Self-Signed SSL Certificate

To create a custom self-signed SSL certificate for VRTSweb, run the following interactive
command on the system where VRTSweb is installed:
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui cert create
The command guides you through the process of creating a new certificate.
Please answer the following questions to create a self-signed SSL
certificate. This is required to enable the HTTPS protocol for the
web server.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
With what hostname/IP will you access this web server?
[thor106]:thor106
What is the name of your organizational unit? [Unknown]:Engineering
What is the name of your organization? [Unknown]:Your Company
What is the name of your City or Locality? [Unknown]: Mountain View
What is the name of your State or Province? [Unknown]:California
What is the two-letter country code for this unit? [Unknown]:US
Is CN=thor106, OU=Engineering, O=Your Company, L=Mountain View,
ST=California, C=US correct? [no]:yes
Certificate created successfully
Note You must restart the server for the new certificate to take effect.

Exporting SSL Certificate to a File

You can export the public key associated with an SSL certificate to a file. This key can then
be imported into other applications that will trust the VRTSweb instance.
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui cert export cert_file [rfc]
If the VRTSweb SSL certificate does not exist, the command prompts you to create one. If
you specify the RFC option, the key output is encoded in a printable format, defined by
the Internet RFC 1421 standard.
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui cert export /myapp/vrtsweb.cer rfc
Configuring a CA-Signed SSL Certificate

By default, VRTSweb presents a self-signed SSL certificate every time you access
VRTSweb over the SSL port. You can install a certificate signed by a Certificate Authority
(CA) like Verisign.com or Thawte.com.
1. If you do not have a self-signed certificate with information that can be verified by the
CA, create one.
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui cert create
See “Creating a Self-Signed SSL Certificate” on page 661 for more information.
2. Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) for the certificate. Run the following
command on the system where VRTSweb is installed:
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui cert certreq certreq_file
The variable certreq_file specifies the file to which the CSR will be written. The file is
written using the Public-Key Cryptography Standard PKCS#10.
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui cert certreq /myapp/vrtsweb.csr
3. Submit the CSR to a certification authority, who will issue a CA-signed certificate.

4. Import the CA-issued certificate to VRTSweb. Run the following command on the
system where VRTSweb is installed:
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui import ca_cert_file
The variable cert_file represents the certificate issued to you by the certification
authority.
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui cert import /myapp/vrtsweb.cer
Note that the import command fails if the CA root certificate is not a part of the trust
store associated with VRTSweb. If the command fails, add the CA root certificate to
the VRTSweb trust store:
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui cert trust ca_root_cert_file
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui cert trust /myapp/caroot.cer
Once the certificate used to sign the CSR is added to VRTSweb trust store, you can
import the CA-assigned certificate into VRTSweb.
5. Restart VRTSweb:
Cloning the VRTSweb SSL Certificate

You can clone the VRTSweb SSL keypair into a keystore and use the cloned VRTSweb
certificate for another application or Web server. Visit http://java.sun.com for more
information about keystores.
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui cert clone keystore storepass alias
keypass
If a clone keystore exists, the command renames it to keystore.old. If the VRTSweb
SSL certificate does not exist, the command prompts you to create one.
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui webgui cert clone
/myapp/myserv.keystore mystorepass myalias mykeypass

Configuring SMTP Notification for VRTSweb

You can configure VRTSweb to send out email notifications about events associated with
the Web server. For example:
◆ The Web server is starting/stopping [severity: INFORMATION]
◆ The Web console is starting/stopping [severity: INFORMATION]
◆ The Web server's allocated heap size very close to the maximum allowed [severity:
SEVERE]
To send an email notification, VRTSweb needs to know the IP address or hostname of a
configured SMTP server. The SMTP server address is also made available to all the Web
consoles running on the Web server, thereby avoiding the need to configure the SMTP
server at multiple places.
Retrieving the Name of the Configured SMTP Server

# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui smtp getserver
The command displays the SMTP server address or hostname, if it is configured.
1. Access the Web server using an existing port number. For example,
http://hostname:8181/
3. The SMTP Recipients table on the right side of the page displays the configured
SMTP server.

Setting the SMTP Server

Run any of the following commands on the system where VRTSweb is installed:
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui smtp setserver server_ip/hostname
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui smtp delserver
The setserver command sets the SMTP server to the specified hostname/IP address.
The delserver command deletes the SMTP server setting and disables SMTP
notification.
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui smtp setserver smtphost.company.com
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui smtp setserver 101.1.2.3
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui smtp delserver
▼ From the Web Console
3. Click Configure SMTP Server on the left side of the Configuration page.

4. In the Configure SMTP Server dialog box:
a. Enter the IP address or hostname of the SMTP server to be used for notification.
An empty string will disable notification.
b. Enter the name and password for a user having superuser (administrative)
c. Click OK.
Retrieving Configured SMTP Recipients

# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui smtp listrcpt
This command retrieves the email addresses of the configured recipients, the
notification severity level, and the notification locale.
3. The SMTP Recipients table on the right side of the Configuration page lists the
configured SMTP recipients.

Adding an SMTP Recipient

# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui smtp addrcpt email\
[severity=<INFO|WARN|ERROR|SEVERE>] \
[locale=<en|any_other_installed_locale>]
The variable email represents the email address of the new recipient.
The optional attribute severity represents the threshold for receiving Web server events. It
can assume one of the following values: INFO|WARN|ERROR|SEVERE. If no value is
specified for this attribute, it takes the default ERROR level.
The optional attribute locale specifies the locale in which the notification is to be sent. If no
value is specified for this attribute, it takes the default locale of the system.
To retrieve the list of installed locales, run the following command:
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui smtp listlocales
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui smtp addrcpt admin@company.com
severity=INFO locale=ja_JP
severity=ERROR
3. Click Add SMTP Recipient on the left side of the Configuration page.

4. In the Add SMTP Recipient dialog box:
a. Enter the email address of the new recipient.
b. From the Severity list, select the threshold for receiving Web server events. You
can select one of the following values: INFO|WARN|ERROR|SEVERE.
c. From the Locale list, select the locale in which notification is to be sent.
d. Enter the name and password for a user having superuser (administrative)
e. Click OK.

Deleting an SMTP Recipient

# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui smtp delrcpt email
The variable email represents the email address of the recipient to be deleted.
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui smtp delrcpt admin@company.com
3. Click Delete SMTP Recipient on the left side of the Configuration page.
4. In the Delete SMTP Recipient dialog box:
a. Enter the email address of the recipient to be deleted.
b. Enter the name and password for a user having superuser (administrative)
c. Click OK.

Configuring VRTSweb Logging

You can configure the amount of logs generated by individual VRTSWeb components.
VRTSweb comprises the following components:
◆ Web server
◆ Web applications
◆ Other components
You can set the logging threshold for each component separately. The lower the threshold,
the more are the logs generated. VERITAS recommends setting log levels to lower values
only for debugging.
Most of the logs are located at:
◆ /var/VRTSweb/log (for UNIX)
◆ %VRTSWEB_HOME%\log (for Windows),
Individual VERITAS Web consoles choose their own locations for their logs. See the
documentation of the specific Web console for more information.
Retrieving Log Levels

# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui log
This returns the logging thresholds for various components and the limit and rollover
count of various log files for VRTSweb.
3. The Logging table on the right side of the Configuration page lists the log levels for
various components of the Web server. Note that the table does not display the limit
and rollover count of various log files; you must use the command line to retrieve this
information.

Modifying Log Levels

# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui log [server=level] [webapps=level]
[other=level]
You can specify any of the following values for the variable level for each Web server
component: FINE|FINER|FINEST|CONFIG|INFO|WARNING|SEVERE.
Set the level to a lower value to generate more logs. FINEST is the lowest level while
SEVERE is the highest level.
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui log server=FINEST webapps=INFO
other=ERROR
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui log server=INFO
3. Click Configure Logging on the left side of the Configuration page.

4. In the Configure Logging dialog box:
a. Select the logging levels for the Web server, Web applications, and for other
components.
b. Enter the name and password for a user having superuser privileges on the Web
server system.
c. Click OK.
Modifying Maximum Size Limit and Rollover Count for Logs

You can modify the maximum size limit and rollover count for logs maintained by
VRTSweb only from the command line. Run the following command on the system where
VRTSweb is installed:
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui log
[vrtsweb_size=size] [vrtsweb_count=count]
[command_size=size] [command_count=count]
[binary_size=size] [binary_count=count]
[jvm_size=size] [jvm_count=count]
[protocol_client_size=size] [protocol_client_count=count]
[protocol_server_size=size] [protocol_server_count=count]
[out_size=size] [out_count=count]
[err_size=size] [err_count=count]
[webapps_size=size] [webapps_count=count]
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui log vrtsweb_size=100000 vrtsweb_count=4
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui log err_size=200000
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui log webapps_count=4

The following table describes the command parameters:
Parameter Description
vrtsweb_size- The size of the file _vrtsweb.log, which contains the Web server logs
and the tomcat container related logs.
vrtsweb_count The count for the file _vrtsweb.log.
command_size- The size of the file _command.log, which contains the logs related to
administrative commands.
command_count The count for the file _command.log.
binary_size- The size of the file _binary.log, which contains the binary representation
of other log files.
binary_count The count for the file _binary.log.
jvm_size- The size of the file _jvm.log, which contains JVM-related
measurements. The file records memory consumed by the JVM at
various times.
jvm_count The count for the file _jvm.log.
protocol_client_size- The size of the file _protocol_client.log, which contains the
communication sent (and received) by various utilities to the server.
protocol_client_count The count for the file _protocol_client.log.
protocol_server_size- The size of the file _protocol_server.log, which contains the
communication sent (and received) by the running server to various
utilities.
protocol_server_count The count for the file _protocol_server.log.
out_size- The size of the file _out.log, which contains messages logged to the
standard output stream of the JVM.
out_count The count for the file _out.log.
err_size- The size of the file _err.log, which contains messages logged to the
standard error stream of the JVM, including any stack traces.
err_count The count for the file _err.log.
webapps_size- The default size for log files of all Web applications running VRTSweb.
Individual Web applications can override this default value.
webapps_count- The count for log files of all Web applications running VRTSweb.
Individual Web applications can override this default value.

Modifying the Maximum Heap Size for VRTSweb
Modifying the Maximum Heap Size for VRTSweb

The default maximum allowed heap size for the VRTSWeb Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is
256MB. This prevents the Web server from increasing its memory footprint over the
specified limit. However, for environments with a large number of VERITAS Web
consoles sharing the same VRTSweb instance or with Web consoles managing large
configurations, it may be necessary to modify this maximum limit.
You can modify the maximum heap size only from the command line.
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui maxheap new_size_in_MB
For example:
# /opt/VRTSweb/bin/webgui maxheap 512
You must restart the Web server after specifying a new limit.
To display the current limit, run the command without specifying a new limit.
# $VRTSWEB_HOME/bin/webgui maxheap

Accessibility and VCS E
VERITAS products meet federal accessibility requirements for software as defined in
Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act:
◆ http://www.access-board.gov/508.htm
Keyboard shortcuts are available for all major graphical user interface (GUI) operations
and menu items. VERITAS products are compatible with operating system accessibility
settings as well as a variety of assistive technologies. All manuals also are provided as
accessible PDF files, and the online help is provided as HTML displayed in a compliant
viewer.
Navigation and Keyboard Shortcuts

VCS uses standard operating system navigation keys and keyboard shortcuts. For its
unique functions, VCS uses its own navigation keys and keyboard shortcuts which are
documented below.
Navigation in the Java Console

The following table lists keyboard navigation rules and shortcuts used in Cluster Manager
(Java Console), in addition to those provided by the operating system:
VCS Keyboard Input Result
[Shift F10] Opens a context-sensitive pop-up menu
[Spacebar] Selects an item
[Ctrl Tab] Navigates outside a table
[F2] Enables editing a cell
675
Support for Accessibility Settings
Navigation in the Web Console

Cluster Manager (Web Console) supports standard browser-based navigation and
shortcut keys for the following browsers:
◆ Internet Explorer 5.5 and 6.0
◆ Netscape Navigator 6.2 and 7.0
All VERITAS GUIs use the following keyboard navigation standards:
◆ Tab moves the focus to the next active area, field, or control, following a preset
sequence. Shift+Tab moves the focus in the reverse direction through the sequence.
◆ Ctrl+Tab exits any Console area that you internally navigate with Tab.
◆ Up and Down arrow keys move focus up and down the items of a list.
◆ Alt in combination with the underlined mnemonic letter for a field or command
button shifts the focus to that field or button.
◆ Either Enter or the Spacebar activates your selection. For example, after pressing Tab
to select Next in a wizard panel, press the Spacebar to display the next screen.
Support for Accessibility Settings

VERITAS software responds to operating system accessibility settings. On UNIX systems,
you can change the accessibility settings using desktop preferences or desktop controls
Support for Assistive Technologies

◆ Cluster Manager (Java Console) is compatible with JAWS 4.5.
◆ Cluster Manager (Web Console) is compatible with IBM Home Page Reader version
3.0. It has been tested with Internet Explorer version 5.5 and IBM HPR version 3.0.
The Web Console offers the option of viewing the Resource Dependency graph as a
text-only page to make it easier to read using assistive technologies. You can access
the text-only Resource Dependency page from the Groups page.
◆ VERITAS recommends that you do not use the AutoUpdate mode in the Refresh
Mode applet when using assistive technologies. You can change this mode from the
Preferences page, available by clicking the Preferences link on the Cluster Summary
page.
◆ Though graphics in VERITAS documentation can be read by screen readers, setting
your screen reader to ignore graphics may improve performance.
◆ VERITAS has not tested screen readers for languages other than English.

Glossary
Agent
A process that starts, stops, and monitors all configured resources of a type, and reports
their status to VCS.
Active/Active Configuration
A failover configuration where each systems runs a service group. If either fails, the other
one takes over and runs both service groups. Also known as a symmetric configuration.
Active/Passive Configuration
A failover configuration consisting of one service group on a primary system, and one
dedicated backup system. Also known as an asymmetric configuration.
Cluster
One or more computers linked together for the purpose of multiprocessing and high
availability. The term is used synonymously with VCS cluster, meaning one or more
computers that are part of the same GAB membership.
Disaster Recovery
A solution that supports fail over to a cluster in a remote location in the event that the
local cluster becomes unavailable. Disaster recovery global clustering, heartbeating, and
replication.
Failover
A failover occurs when a service group faults and is migrated to another system.
GAB
Group Atomic Broadcast (GAB) is a communication mechanism of the VCS engine that
manages cluster membership, monitors heartbeat communication, and distributes
information throughout the cluster.
677
Global Service Group
A VCS service group that spans across two or more clusters. The ClusterList attribute
for the group contains the list of clusters over which the group spans.
hashadow Process
A process that monitors and, when required, restarts HAD.
High Availability Daemon (HAD)

The core VCS process that runs on each system. The HAD process maintains and
communicates information about the resources running on the local system and receives
information about resources running on other systems in the cluster.
Jeopardy
A node is in jeopardy when it is missing one of the two required heartbeat connections.
When a node is running with one heartbeat only (in jeopardy), VCS does not restart the
applications on a new node. This action of disabling failover is a safety mechanism that
prevents data corruption.
LLT
Low Latency Transport (LLT) is a communication mechanism of the VCS engine that
provides kernel-to-kernel communications and monitors network communications.
main.cf
The file in which the cluster configuration is stored.
Network Partition
If all network connections between any two groups of systems fail simultaneously, a
network partition occurs. When this happens, systems on both sides of the partition can
restart applications from the other side resulting in duplicate services, or “split-brain.” A
split brain occurs when two independent systems configured in a cluster assume they
have exclusive access to a given resource (usually a file system or volume). The most
serious problem caused by a network partition is that it affects the data on shared disks.
See “Jeopardy” and “Seeding”.
Node
The physical host or system on which applications and service groups reside. When
systems are linked by VCS, they becomes nodes in a cluster.

N-to-1
An N-to-1 configuration is based on the concept that multiple, simultaneous server
failures are unlikely; therefore, a single backup server can protect multiple active servers.
When a server fails, its applications move to the backup server. For example, in a 4-to-1
configuration, one server can protect four servers, which reduces redundancy cost at the
server level from 100 percent to 25 percent.
N-to-N
N-to-N refers to multiple service groups running on multiple servers, with each service
group capable of being failed over to different servers in the cluster. For example, consider
a four-node cluster with each node supporting three critical database instances. If any
node fails, each instance is started on a different node, ensuring no single node becomes
overloaded.
N-to-M
N-to-M (or Any-to-Any) refers to multiple service groups running on multiple servers,
with each service group capable of being failed over to different servers in the same
cluster, and also to different servers in a linked cluster. For example, consider a four-node
cluster with each node supporting three critical database instances and a linked two-node
back-up cluster. If all nodes in the four-node cluster fail, each instance is started on a node
in the linked back-up cluster.
Replication
Replication is the synchronization of data between systems where shared storage is not
feasible. The systems that are copied may be in local backup clusters or remote failover
sites. The major advantage of replication, when compared to traditional backup methods,
is that current data is continuously available.
Resources
Individual components that work together to provide application services to the public
network. A resource may be a physical component such as a disk or network interface
card, a software component such as Oracle8i or a Web server, or a configuration
component such as an IP address or mounted file system.
Resource Dependency
A dependency between resources is indicated by the keyword “requires” between two
resource names. This indicates the second resource (the child) must be online before the
first resource (the parent) can be brought online. Conversely, the parent must be offline
before the child can be taken offline. Also, faults of the children are propagated to the
parent.
Glossary 679
Resource Types
Each resource in a cluster is identified by a unique name and classified according to its
type. VCS includes a set of predefined resource types for storage, networking, and
application services.
Seeding
Seeding is used to protect a cluster from a pre-existing network partition. By default,
when a system comes up, it is not seeded. Systems can be seeded automatically or
manually. Only systems that have been seeded can run VCS. Systems are seeded
automatically only when: an unseeded system communicates with a seeded system or all
systems in the cluster are unseeded and able to communicate with each other. See
“Network Partition”.
Service Group
A service group is a collection of resources working together to provide application
services to clients. It typically includes multiple resources, hardware- and software-based,
working together to provide a single service.
Service Group Dependency

A mechanism by which two service groups can be linked by a dependency rule.
Shared Storage
Storage devices that are connected to and used by two or more systems.
SNMP Notification
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) developed to manage nodes on an IP
network.
State
The current activity status of a resource, group or system.
types.cf
The types.cf file describes standard resource types to the VCS engine; specifically, the data
required to control a specific resource.
Virtual IP Address
A unique IP address that associated with the cluster. It may be brought up on any system
in the cluster, along with the other resources of the service group. This address, also
known as the IP alias should not be confused with the base IP address, which is the IP
address that corresponds to the host name of a system.

Index
A Apache wizard 303
accessibility Application service groups, configuring 288
assistive technology support 676 Application wizard 288
overview 675 arbitration for cluster membership 320
ActionTimeout attribute 619 ArgList attribute 619
ActiveCount attribute 625 ArgListValues attribute 614
Administrators attribute assistive technology support 676
for clusters 645 association attribute dimension 46
for service groups 625 asymmetric configuration 24
agent log AttrChangedTimeout attribute 620
format 569 attribute dimensions
location 569 association 46
AgentClass attribute 619 keylist 46
AgentFailedOn attribute 619 scalar 46
AgentPriority attribute 619 vector 46
AgentReplyTimeout attribute 619 attribute types
agents boolean 45
classifications of 16 integer 45
DNS 450 string 45
entry points 15 attributes
framework 14 editing from command line 90
Heartbeat 449 editing from Java Console 198
impact on performance 554 editing from Web Console 278
RVG 451 for clusters 645
RVGPrimary 451 for heartbeats 651
RVGSnapshot 451 for resource types 619
starting from command line 94 for resources 614
stopping from command line 94 for service groups 625
Wide-Area Heartbeat 449 for systems 638
AgentStartTimeout attribute 619 local and global 48
AgentState attribute 651 overriding from command line 92
AgentStopped attribute 638 overriding from Java Console 179
aggregate notifications, monitoring 428 overriding from Web Console 265
alerts resource-specific 47
deleting from Java Console 208 service group 238
deleting from Web Console 284 static 48
monitoring from Java Console 207 type-dependent 46
monitoring from Web Console 283 type-independent 46
681
type-specific 47 changing user privileges 148
Authority attribute clearing resource faults 182
about 449 clearing ResourceInfo attribute 188
definition 625 closing configuration files 196
AutoDisabled attribute 625 Cluster Query 139
AutoFailover attribute Command Center 137
about 345 configuration tree 125
definition 625 deleting resources 174
AutoRestart attribute 626 deleting service groups 153
AutoStart attribute deleting users 147
for resources 614 disabling resources 181
for service groups 626 disabling service groups 162
AutoStartIfPartial attribute 626 editing attributes 198
AutoStartList attribute 626 enabling resources 180
AutoStartPolicy attribute 627 enabling service groups 161
AutoStartTimeout attribute 645 flushing service groups 164
AvailableCapacity attribute 638 freezing service groups 159
freezing systems 192
B
importing resource types 189
binary message catalogs
linking resources 183
about 570
linking service groups 165
location of 570
logs 204
boolean attribute type 45
modifying system lists for service
bundled agents 16
groups 135
C monitoring group dependencies 128
campus clusters monitoring resource dependencies 129
about 33 Notifier Wizard 138
setting up 534 opening configuration files 194
campus configuration 33 probing resources 178
Capacity attribute 638 Properties view 127
CleanTimeout attribute 620 refreshing ResourceInfo attribute 188
client process, detecting failure 560 Remote Cluster Status View 133
CloseTimeout attribute 620 Resource View 129
ClusState attribute 645 saving configuration files 195
Cluster Administrator service group configuration wizard 169
about 54 Service Group View 128
adding user as 68 Status View 126
cluster attributes 645 switching service groups 158
Cluster Explorer System Connectivity View 132
about 122 System Manager 135
accessing 122 taking resources offline 176
adding resources 171 taking resources offline and
adding service groups 149 propagating 177
adding systems 190 taking service groups offline 156
adding users 146 tear-off view 125
autoenabling service groups 163 Template View 134
bringing resources online 175 toolbar 123
bringing service groups online 154 unfreezing service groups 160
changing user passwords 147 unfreezing systems 193

unlinking resources 185 restarting application to known state 6
unlinking service groups 167 ClusterList attribute 627
User Manager 136 ClusterLocation attribute 645
view panel 125 ClusterName attribute 645
Cluster Guest ClusterOwner attribute 645
about 54 clusters
adding user as 68 adding to Web Console 218
Cluster Manager (Java Console). See Java administering from Java Console 194
Console connecting to Cluster Monitor 142
Cluster Manager (Web Console). See Web membership 314
Console removing from Web Console 219
cluster membership ClusterTime attribute 645
about 314 ClusterUUID attribute 646
with I/O fencing 314 Command Center
without I/O fencing 330 accessing 137
Cluster Monitor adding resources 172
about 115 adding service groups 151
adding clusters 142 adding systems 190
administering 142 autoenabling service groups 163
behavior during failover 117 bringing resources online 175
collapsing displays 119 bringing service groups online 155
configuring existing panels 143 clearing resource faults 182
configuring new panels 142 closing configuration files 196
expanding displays 119 deleting resources 174
icon colors 118 deleting service groups 153
logging off of a cluster 145 deleting systems 191
logging on to a cluster 144 disabling resources 181
menus 116 disabling service groups 162
monitoring cluster connection 117 editing attributes 199
monitoring cluster objects 118 enabling resources 180
panels 117 enabling service groups 161
pausing scrolling panels 119 executing commands 197
toolbar 116 flushing service groups 164
cluster name, changing in global freezing service groups 159
configuration 480 freezing systems 192
Cluster Operator ignoreparent option 177
about 54 linking resources 184
adding user as 68 linking service groups 166
Cluster Query opening configuration files 194
in Java Console 139 probing resources 178
in Web Console 279 saving configuration files 195
ClusterAddress attribute 645 switching service groups 158
ClusterFailOverPolicy attribute 627 taking resources offline 176
clustering taking resources offline and
criteria for data storage 7 propagating 177
criteria for monitor procedure 6 taking service groups offline 157
criteria for start procedure 5 unfreezing service groups 160
criteria for stop procedure 5 unfreezing systems 193
license and host name issues 7 unlinking resources 186
Index 683
unlinking service groups 167 ConnectorState attribute 646
commands, scripting 106 coordinator disks 318
CompareRSM attribute 646 CounterInterval attribute 646
ComputeStats attribute 614 CPU usage, how VCS monitors 565
conditional statements 76 CPUUsage attribute 639
ConfidenceLevel attribute 614 cpuusage event trigger 432
ConfigBlockCount attribute 638 CPUUsageMonitoring attribute 639
ConfigCheckSum attribute 638 Critical attribute 614
ConfigDiskState attribute 638 CurrentCount attribute 627
ConfigFile attribute 638 CurrentLimits attribute 639
ConfigInfoCnt attribute 638 custom agents, about 16
ConfigModDate attribute 639
D
configuration
DeferAutoStart attribute 627
backing up 98
dependencies
closing from Java Console 196
between resources 273
closing from Web Console 249
for resources 10
opening from Java Console 194
for service groups
opening from Web Console 249
disability compliance
saving from Java Console 195
in Java Console 109
saving from Web Console 249
in Web Console 211
saving in VCS Simulator 546
DNS agent 450
setting to read/write 67
DumpingMembership attribute 646
setting to read-only 67
DynamicLoad attribute 639
verifying 50
configuration files E
backing up 98 Enabled attribute
generating 38 for resources 615
main.cf 38 for service groups 628
read/write to read-only 67 Encrypting Passwords 83
removing stale designation 67 engine log
restoring 98 format 569
types.cf 38 location 569
configuration language EngineClass attribute 646
local and global attributes 48 EnginePriority attribute 646
type-specific attributes 47 enterprise agents, about 16
configurations entry points
asymmetric 24 about 15
campus 33 modifying for performance 555
global cluster 36 environment variables 59
N+1 28 error messages
N-to-1 26 agent log 569
N-to-N 30 at startup 573
replicated data 35 engine log 569
shared nothing 34 message catalogs 570
shared storage/replicated data 35 Evacuate attribute 628
symmetric 25 Evacuating attribute 628
ConfInterval attribute event triggers
about 349 about 431
definition 620 cpuusage 432

injeopardy 433 bringing remote groups online 494
loadwarning 434 deleting from Java Console 488
location of 431 deleting from Web Console 507
nofailover 434 operation 446
postoffline 435 prerequisites for 453
postonline 435 setting up 455
preonline 436 switching remote groups 497
resadminwait 437 upgrading to 456
resfault 437 user privileges 57
resnotoff 438 Global Group Configuration wizard
resstatechange 439 463
sysoffline 440 global heartbeats
unable_to_restart_had 440 administering from command line 481
using 431 administering from Java Console 498
violation 441 administering from Web Console 520
deleting from Java Console 501
F
deleting from Web Console 521
failback, about 27
modifying from Java Console 500
Failover attribute 628
modifying from Web Console 522
FailOverPolicy attribute 628
global service groups
FaultOnMonitorTimeouts attribute 620
administering from command line 477
fire drills
administering from Java Console 492
about 467
administering from Web Console 513
for global clusters 467
converting to local groups 492
for replicated data clusters 530
creating from Java Console 492
FireDrill attribute 620
creating from local groups 492
Flags attribute 615
querying from command line 471
FromQ attribute 629
GlobalCounter attribute 647
Frozen attribute
Group Administrator
for service groups 629
about 54
for systems 640
adding user as 68
G Group attribute 616
GAB group dependencies. See service group
about 18 dependencies
impact on performance 553 Group Operator
when a system panics 560 about 54
gab_isolate_time timer 560 adding user as 68
gabconfig -d command 337 GroupLimit attribute 647
gabconfig -l command 338 GroupOwner attribute 629
gabconfig -q command 337 GUI. See Java Console or Web Console
GCO Configuration wizard 456 GUIIPAddr attribute 640
global attributes 48
H
global cluster configuration 36
haagent -display command 73
global clusters
haagent -list command 76
adding from Java Console 484
haagent -start command 94
adding from Web Console 504
haagent -stop command 94
haattr -add command 93
haattr -default command 93
Index 685
haattr -delete command 93 hagrp -offline command
hacf utility for global clusters 478
about 50 for local clusters 77
creating multiple .cf files 50 hagrp -online command
dumping a configuration 50 for global clusters 477
loading a configuration 50 for local clusters 77
pretty-printing 50 hagrp -resources command 71
hacf -verify command 50 hagrp -state command
HacliUserLevel attribute for global clusters 472
about 54 for local clusters 71
definition 647 hagrp -switch command
haclus -add command 479 for global clusters 478
haclus command, permission matrix 597 for local clusters 77
haclus -declare command 480 hagrp -unfreeze command 77
haclus -delete command 479 hagrp -unlink command 91
haclus -display command hagrp -value command 471
for global clusters 475 hagrp -wait command 106
for local clusters 73 hahb -add command 481
haclus -list command 475 hahb -display command 476
haclus -modify command 480 hahb -list command 476
haclus -state command 475 halogin command 65, 66
haclus -status command 475 hamsg -info command 74
haclus -value command hamsg -list command 74
for global clusters 475 hanotify utility 419
for local clusters 73 hares -action command 479
haclus -wait command 106 hares -add command 89
haconf -dump -makero command 67 hares -clear command 79
haconf -makerw command 67 hares command, permission matrix 602
HAD hares -delete command 91
about 17 hares -dep command 72
impact on performance 554 hares -display command
HAD diagnostics 572 for global clusters 473
hagrp -add command 87 for local clusters 72
hagrp -clear command 78 hares -global command 72
hagrp command, permission matrix 598 hares -info command 479
hagrp -delete command 91 hares -link command 90
hagrp -dep command 71 hares -list command
hagrp -disable command 78 for global clusters 473
hagrp -disableresources command 78 for local clusters 76
hagrp -display command hares -local command 85
for global clusters 472 hares -modify command 90
for local clusters 71 hares -offline command 79
hagrp -enable command 78 hares -offprop command 79
hagrp -enableresources command 78 hares -online command 79
hagrp -freeze command 77 hares -override command 92
hagrp -list command hares -probe command 79
for global clusters 472 hares -state command 473
for local clusters 76 hares -undo_override command 92
hagrp -modify command 87 hares -unlink command 91

hares -value command 473 hauser -display command 70
hares -wait command 106 hauser -list command 70
hashadow process 21 heap size for VRTSweb 674
hasnap -backup command 99 Heartbeat agent 449
hasnap -delete command 105 heartbeat attributes 651
hasnap -display command 100 heartbeats
hasnap -exclude command 104 modifying for global clusters 481
hasnap -export command 103 host name issues 7
hasnap -fdiff command 102
I
hasnap -include command 103
I/O fencing
hasnap -restore command 100
about 18
hasnap -sdiff command 101
components of 318
hastart command 62
need for 315
hastart -onenode command 63
startup sequence 327
hastart -ts command 63
icons
hastatus command
colors of 118
in Java Console 113
for local clusters 74
include clauses, about 38
hastatus command, permission matrix 603
InfoInterval attribute 621
hastatus -group command 74
InfoTimeout attribute 621
hastatus -summary command 74
injeopardy event trigger 433
hastop command 63
integer attribute type 45
hasys command, permission matrix 604
IntentOnline attribute 630
hasys -display command
Intra-Node Communication 311
IP aliasing 4
for local clusters 73
Istate attribute 616
hasys -force command 80
hasys -freeze command 80 J
hasys -list command Java Console
for global clusters 474 about 21
for local clusters 73 administering clusters 109
hasys -modify command 80 administering global clusters 483
hasys -nodeid command 80 administering logs 204
hasys -state command 474 administering resources 171
hasys -unfreeze command 80 administering service groups 149
hasys -value command administering systems 190
for global clusters 474 administering user profiles 146
hasys -wait command 106 administering VCS Simulator 542
hatype -add command 92 arranging icons 130
hatype -delete command 92 Cluster Explorer 122
hatype -display command 72 Cluster Manager 113
hatype -list command 72 Cluster Monitor 115
hatype -modify command 92 Cluster Query 139
hatype -resources command 72 components of 113
hauser -add command 68 customizing display 120
hauser -addpriv command 68 disability compliance 109
hauser command, permission matrix 606 icons 113
hauser -delete command 69 impact on performance 556
hauser -delpriv command 68, 69 logging off of a cluster 145
Index 687
logging on to a cluster 144 agent log 569
overview 109 engine log 569
running commands from 197 message tags 569
setting initial display 110 VRTSweb 670
starting 112 logs
user profiles 146 customizing display in Java Console 204
using with ssh 111 customizing display in Web Console 282
Java Console views for VRTSweb 670
Properties 127 searching from Java Console 204
Remote Cluster Status 133 viewing from Java Console 140
Resource 129 LogSize attribute 648
Service Group 128 low priority links 331
Status 126
M
System Connectivity 132
main.cf
tear-off option 125
about 38
jeopardy
cluster definition 38
about 331
group dependency clause 40
membership 330
include clauses 38
K resource definition 40
keylist attribute dimension 46 resource dependency clause 40
keywords, list of 49 sample configuration 40
service group definition 39
L
system definition 39
LastOnline attribute 616
MajorVersion attribute
LastSuccess attribute 630
for clusters 648
license keys
for systems 641
about 61
ManageFaults attribute
installing 61
about 346
troubleshooting 589
definition 631
upgrading 61
ManualOps attribute 631
LicenseType attribute 640
membership arbitration 320
licensing issues 7
message tags, about 569
Limits attribute 640
MigrateQ attribute 631
LinkHbStatus attribute 640
MinorVersion attribute
LinkMonitoring attribute 647
for clusters 648
links, low priority 331
for systems 641
LLT, about 17
MonitorInterval attribute 622
LLTNodeId attribute 640
MonitorOnly attribute 617
Load attribute 630
MonitorStartParam attribute 622
Load policy for SGWM 365
MonitorTimeout attribute 622
LoadTimeCounter attribute 641
MonitorTimeStats attribute 617
LoadTimeThreshold attribute 641
myVCS page 229
loadwarning event trigger 434
about 229
LoadWarningLevel attribute 641
creating 280
local attributes 48
LockMemory attribute 647 N
LogDbg attribute 621 N+1 configuration 28
LogFileSize attribute 622 Name attribute 617
logging network failure 132

network links, detecting failure 559 overload warning for SGWM 366
networks, detecting failure 560
P
NFS service groups, configuring 297, 303
PanicOnNoMem attribute 648
NFS wizard 297
Parallel attribute 632
NoAutoDisable attribute 641
passwords
NodeId attribute 641
authenticating 57, 65
nofailover event trigger 434
changing from Java Console 147
notification
changing from Web Console 247
about 415
Path attribute 617
deleting messages 417
PathCount attribute 632
error messages 416
performance
error severity levels 416
agents 554
event and trap list 420
GAB 553
event triggers 431
HAD 554
hanotify utility 419
impact of VCS 553
message queue 417
Java Console 556
notifier process 418
modifying entry points 555
setting using wizard 201
modifying NumThreads attribute 555
SNMP files 424
monitoring CPU usage 565
troubleshooting 579
when a cluster is booted 556
Notifier attribute 648
when a resource fails 558
notifier process 418
when a resource is brought online 557
Notifier Resource Configuration wizard 201
when a resource is taken offline 557
N-to-1 configuration 26
when a service group fails over 561
N-to-N configuration 30
when a service group is brought
NumRetries attribute 632
online 557
NumThreads attribute
when a service group is taken offline 558
definition 623
when a system fails 559
modifying for performance 555
Persistent resource 11
O postoffline event trigger 435
offline group dependency 387 postonline event trigger 435
OfflineMonitorInterval attribute 623 PreOnline attribute 633
OfflineTimeout attribute 623 preonline event trigger 436
OnGrpCnt attribute 642 PreOnlineTimeout attribute 633
online group dependency 387 PreOnlining attribute 633
OnlineRetryInterval attribute 632 Prerequisites attribute 633
OnlineRetryLimit attribute pretty-printing 50
for resource types 623 PrintMsg attribute 648
for service groups 632 PrintTree attribute 633
OnlineTimeout attribute 623 priorities
OnlineWaitLimit attribute 623 defaults 563
On-Off resource 11 ranges 563
On-Only resource 11 scheduling 562
OpenTimeout attribute 624 specifying 563
Operations attribute 624 Priority attribute 634
Operators attribute Priority policy for SGWM 365
for clusters 648 priority ranges for sched. classes 562
for service groups 632 privileges. See user privileges
Index 689
Probed attribute refreshing from Web Console 275
for resources 617 ResourceLimit attribute 649
for service groups 634 ResourceOwner attribute 618
ProbesPending attribute 634 resources
ProcessClass attribute 649 about 10
ProcessPriority attribute 649 adding from command line 89
Q
quick reopen 560
R administering from Web Console 263
ReadOnly attribute 649 bringing online from command line 79
Recovering After a Disaster 529 bringing online from Java Console 175
refresh modes, in Web console 228 bringing online from Web Console 263
regardy membership 331 categories of 11
Remote Cluster Configuration wizard 484 clearing faults from Java Console 182
Remote Cluster States 607 clearing faults from Web Console 266
remote clusters conditional statements 76
monitoring from Java Console 133 creating faults in VCS Simulator 547
monitoring from Web Console 126 deleting from command line 91
states of 608 deleting from Java Console 174
replicated data clusters deleting from Web Console 271
about 35 dependencies 243
setting up 525 disabling from command line 358
replicated data configuration 35 disabling from Java Console 181
resadminwait event trigger 437 disabling from Web Console 267
reserved words, list of 49 enabling from command line 78
resfault event trigger 437 enabling from Java Console 180
resnotoff event trigger 438 enabling from Web Console 268
resource attributes 614 how disabling affects states 360
resource dependencies invoking action script 274
creating from command line 90 invoking actions 187
creating from Java Console 183 limitations of disabling 358
creating from Web Console 272 linking from command line 90
displaying from command line 72 linking from Java Console 183
removing from command line 91 On-Off 11
removing from Java Console 185 On-Only 11
removing from Web Console 273 Persistent 11
resource faults probing from Java Console 178
clearing from Java Console 182 probing from Web Console 266
simulating 547 querying from command line 72
resource type attributes 619 taking offline from command line 79
resource types taking offline from Java Console 176
importing 189 taking offline from Web Console 263
querying from command line 72 troubleshooting 577
ResourceInfo attribute unlinking 273
clearing from Java Console 188 unlinking from command line 91
clearing from Web Console 275 unlinking from Java Console 185
definition 617 unlinking from Web Console 273
refreshing from Java Console 188 resource-specific attributes 47

Responding attribute 634 online 387
resstatechange event trigger 439 parallel parent/failover child 410
Restart attribute 634 parallel parent/parallel child 412
RestartLimit attribute remote 388
about 349 removing from Java Console 167
definition 624 removing from Web Console 261
Round Robin policy for SGWM 365 soft 389
RVG agent 451 types of 389
RVGPrimary agent 451 service group workload management
RVGSnapshot agent 451 Capacity and Load attributes 366
Limits and Prerequisites attributes 367
S
load policy 365
scalar attribute dimension 46
load-based autostart 368
scheduling classes 562
overload warning 366
defaults 563
priority policy 365
priority ranges 563
Round Robin policy 365
ScriptClass attribute 624
sample configurations 369
scripting VCS commands 106
SystemZones attribute 368
ScriptPriority attribute 624
service groups
SCSI reservations
adding from command line 87
about 317
limitations of 317
SCSI-III Persistent Reservations 319
seeding 336
service group attributes 625
service group dependencies
autoenabling from Java Console 163
about 385
autoenabling from Web Console 259
automatic failover 400
bringing online from command line 77
automatic online 399
bringing online from Java Console 154
autorestart 399
bringing online from Web Console 255
benefits of 386
clearing from Web Console 262
categories of 387
creating using configuration wizard 169
configurations 391
deleting from command line 91
configuring 398
deleting from Java Console 153
creating 398
deleting from Web Console 255
creating from Java Console 165
disabling from Java Console 162
creating from Web Console 260
disabling from Web Console 258
failover parent/failover child 405
displaying dependencies from
failover parent/parallel child 408
command line 71
firm 389
enabling from Java Console 161
global 388
enabling from Web Console 258
hard 390
flushing from Java Console 164
limitations of 404
flushing from Web Console 257
local 388
freezing from command line 77
locations of 388
freezing from Java Console 159
manual offline 403
freezing from Web Console 256
manual online 402
impact on performance 558
manual switch 403
linking from Java Console 165
offline 387
linking from Web Console 260
Index 691
querying from command line 71 SysName attribute 642
switching from Java Console 158 sysoffline event trigger 440
switching from Web Console 256 SysState attribute 642
taking offline from Java Console 156 System Attributes 638
taking offline from Web Console 255 system attributes 638
taking remote groups offline 496 system states 610
troubleshooting 574 SystemList attribute
unfreezing from command line 77 about 88
unfreezing from Java Console 160 definition 635
unfreezing from Web Console 257 modifying 88
unlinking from Java Console 167 SystemLocation attribute 642
unlinking from Web Console 261 SystemOwner attribute 643
shared nothing configuration 34 systems
shared storage/replicated data adding from command line 81
configuration 35 adding from Java Console 190
ShutdownTimeout attribute 642 administering from command line 80
Signaled attribute 618 administering from Java Console 190
Simulator. See VCS Simulator administering from Web Console 276
SMTP notification bringing online in VCS Simulator 546
configuring for VRTSweb 664 client process failure 560
SMTP server, retrieving name of 664 deleting from Java Console 191
SNMP 415 detecting failure 559
files for notification 424 displaying node ID from command
HP OpenView 424 line 80
merging events with HP OpenView freezing from Java Console 192
NNM 424 freezing from Web Console 276
SourceFile attribute panic 560
for clusters 649 quick reopen 560
for resource types 624 starting from command line 62
for service groups 634 states 610
for systems 642 unfreezing from Java Console 193
split-brain unfreezing from Web Console 277
about 315 systems and nodes 9
in global clusters 452 SystemZones attribute 635
preventing 316
T
ssh configuration for Java Console 111
Tag attribute 636
Start attribute 618
TargetCount attribute 636
State attribute
templates
for resources 618
accessing Template View 134
adding resources from 173
static attributes 48
adding service groups from 152
steward process
TFrozen attribute
about 452
configuring 462
for systems 643
Stewards attribute 649
ToleranceLimit attribute 624
string attribute type 45
ToQ attribute 636
SupportedActions attribute 624
TriggerEvent attribute
symmetric configuration 25
for resources 618
SysInfo attribute 642

for service groups 636 displaying from command line 70
TriggerResStateChange attribute 636 UserStrGlobal attribute 637
triggers. See event triggers UserStrLocal attribute 637
troubleshooting utilities
back up and restore files 585 hacf 50
license keys 589 hanotify 419
logging 569 vxlicinst 61
notification 579
V
resources 577
VCS
service groups 574
accessibility 675
VCS startup 573
additional considerations for
Web Console 580
stopping 64
TRSE attribute 643
assistive technology support 676
TypeDependencies attribute 636
event triggers 431
type-dependent attributes 46
logging 569
type-independent attributes 46
logging off of 65, 66
TypeLimit attribute 649
logging on to 65, 66
types.cf 38
notification 415
type-specific attributes 47
querying from command line 71
U seeding 336
unable_to_restart_had trigger 440 SNMP and SMTP 415
UpDownState attribute 643 starting as time-sharing process 63
UseFence attribute 649 starting from command line 62
user privileges starting on single node 63
about 53 stopping from command line 63
assigning from command line 68 stopping with other options 64
changing from Java Console 148 stopping without -force 64
changing from Web Console 248 troubleshooting resources 577
Cluster Administrator 54 troubleshooting service groups 574
Cluster Guest 54 VCS Agent Statistics 566
Cluster Operator 54 VCS agent statistics 566
for specific commands 595 VCS seeding 336
Group Administrator 54 VCS Simulator
Group Operator 54 administering from Java Console 542
in global clusters 57 bringing systems online 546
removing from command line 68, 69 clearing cluster faults from Java
setting explicitly 55 Console 547
UserInt attribute 643 creating power outages 546
UserIntGlobal attribute 637 description of 107
UserIntLocal attribute 637 faulting resources 547
UserNames attribute 649 installing 539
users saving offline configurations 546
adding from command line 67 simulating cluster faults from command
adding from Java Console 146 line 551
adding from Web Console 246 simulating cluster faults from Java
deleting from command line 69 Console 547
deleting from Java Console 147 starting from command line 542
deleting from Web Console 247 VCSFeatures attribute
Index 693
for clusters 650 navigation buttons 223
for systems 644 navigation in 223
VCSi3Info attribute 650 navigation links 223
VCSMode attribute 650 navigation trails 223
vector attribute dimension 46 online help 220
VERITAS Traffic Director querying configuration 279
integrating with Web Console 285 refresh modes 228
violation event trigger 441 refreshing 228
virtual IP address 4 removing cluster from console 219
VRTSweb Systems page 232
adding ports 657 troubleshooting 580
adding SMTP recipients 667 Update icon 228
deleting ports 659 viewing 224
deleting SMTP recipients 669 Web Console pages
logging 670 Alerts 236
modifying log levels 671 All Attributes 234
notification for 664 Cluster Heartbeats 245
ports for 656 Cluster Summary 225
retrieving log levels 670 Group Dependency 231
retrieving ports 656 Logs 235
setting heap size 674 Management Host 224
setting SMTP server 665 myVCS 227
vxfen. See fencing module Preferences 228
vxlicinst utility 61 Resource 242
Resource Dependency 243
W
Resource Dependency graph 243
wac 448
Resource Dependency text 244
WACPort attribute 650
Resource Type 241
Web Console
Resource Types 233
See Also Web Console pages
Service Group 237
about 211
Service Groups 229
adding cluster to console 218
System 239
administering global clusters 503
System Heartbeats 240
administering resources 263
Systems 232
administering service groups 250
VCS Users 227
administering systems 276
WERO 319
Alerts page 236
wide-area connector 448
connecting from URL 217
wide-area failover 36
customizing log display 282
Wide-Area Heartbeat agent 449
customizing view 280
wizards
disability compliance 211
Apache 303
integrating with Traffic Director 285
Application 288
Java plug-in for 216
GCO Configuration 456
Java Plug-in requirements 216
Global Group Configuration 463
logging in 220
NFS 297
logging out 220
Notifier Resource Configuration 201
Logs page 235
Remote Cluster Configuration 484
managing cluster configuration 249
managing users 246

Veritas Clustering On Linux

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Veritas Clustering On Linux

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VERITAS Cluster Server 4.

VERITAS Legal Notice

Section I. Basic Clustering Concepts and Terminology

Chapter 1. Getting Acquainted with Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 2. VCS Technical Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Chapter 3. Defining Cluster Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Section II. Administration-Putting VCS to Work

Chapter 5. Introducing the VCS User Privilege Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Chapter 6. Administering the Cluster

vi VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Chapter 7. Administering the Cluster from

Chapter 8. Administering the Cluster from

Chapter 9. Using VCS Configuration Wizards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Section III. VCS Operations

Chapter 10. VCS Communications, Membership,

viii VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Chapter 12. The Role of Service Group Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Section IV. Administration–Beyond the Basics

Chapter 13. Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Chapter 14. VCS Event Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Section V. Advanced Cluster Configurations

Chapter 15. Connecting Clusters–Introducing the Global Cluster Option . . . . . . 445

Chapter 16. Administering Global Clusters

Chapter 17. Administering Global Clusters

x VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Chapter 18. Administering Global Clusters from

Chapter 19. Setting Up Replicated Data Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Chapter 20. Setting Up Campus Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Section VI. Troubleshooting and Performance

Chapter 21. Predicting VCS Behavior

Chapter 22. VCS Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

Chapter 23. Troubleshooting and Recovery for VCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

Section VII. Appendixes

Appendix A. VCS User Privileges—Administration Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

xii VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Appendix C. VCS Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

Appendix D. Administering VERITAS Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Appendix E. Accessibility and VCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

How This Guide is Organized

xvi VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Convention Usage Example

monospace Indicates user input. # ls pubs

# Unix superuser prompt (all # cp /pubs/4.0/user_book

C:\> Windows user prompt. C:\> copy \pubs\4.0\user_book

xviii VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

xx VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

◆ Chapter 1. “Getting Acquainted with Clustering” on page 3

◆ Chapter 2. “VCS Technical Concepts” on page 9

◆ Chapter 3. “Defining Cluster Topologies” on page 23

◆ Chapter 4. “Configuration Concepts” on page 37

Detecting Application Failure

Detecting Node Failure

Switchover and Failover

4 VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

Can My Application be Clustered?

Defined Start, Stop, and Monitor Procedures

Defined Start Procedure

Defined Stop Procedure

Chapter 1, Getting Acquainted with Clustering 5

Defined Monitor Procedure

Ability to Restart the Application in a Known State

6 VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

External Data Storage

Licensing and Host Name Issues

Chapter 1, Getting Acquainted with Clustering 7

8 VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

What is a VCS Cluster?

Understanding Cluster Components

Application requires database and IP address.

10 VERITAS Cluster Server User’s Guide

File System IP Address

Disk Group Network

Chapter 2, VCS Technical Concepts 11

idled for administration or maintenance without necessarily affecting other service

Types of Service Groups

Failover Service Groups