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VOLUME II
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lai/ la'lap
la-

lai (Span: rey) N alien indiv [pl: lalai]: king

lalabis see N la:bis = pencil

lalai see N lai = king
lalamba see N la:mba = lamp, light
lalans see N la:nsa = spear
lalastaku see N la:staku = harrow, drag
lalavos see N la:vos = nail
la'aje see le'eje
la'a see Vtr la'ap = to trap, catch obj with a snare

la'ap Vtr sgo (for plo see la'lap) [Neutr: def la'a; hort la'ap[]; imper sgs la'apa-.
Interr: la'apa-him/ la'ap[]-him]: to trap, catch obj with a snare
ex: La'a 'ant g nahagio. I trapped the mouse. --La'apa g nahagio! Trap the mouse!

la'apaku N indiv [pl: la'lapaku]: trap, snare; clothespin

la'apame Vtr Unit sgs and sgo (for pls and plo see la'lapo) [Neutr: def la'apam;
hort la'apame]: to go and trap, snare obj
ex: Nt o la'apam. I'll go and trap it.

la'apamkam s-cu- N: one who likes trapping

la'apid Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def and hort la'apid; imper sgs la'apida-]: to trap, catch obj
with a snare for somebody
ex: Nt o mla'apid. I'll trap it for you. -- la'apida! Trap it for me!

la'la see Vtr la'lap = to trap, catch obj with a snare

la'lap Vtr Unit (for Repet see la'laap) plo (for sgo see la'ap) [Neutr: def la'la;
indef la'lap; hort la'lap[]. Dur: la'lapa-d. Interr: la'lapa-him]: to trap, catch obj with a
snare; to peg obj (as with clothespins)
ex: Go:k 'ant hala'la g ba:ban. I trapped two coyotes. -- Ha-g-la'lap g nanhagio! Trap
the mice!-- Ha-'o-la'lap g ba:ban hemu. He is trapping coyotes now. --Nt o
ho(<ha)la'lapad. I'll be trapping them continually. -- Nap hala'lapahim g nanhagio?
Have you been trapping mice? --Nap 'am a(<va) hala'lapahim g vapkona? Have you
been pegging the washing? --Nt o ho(<ha)la'lapahid g vapkona. I'll be pegging my
washing (on a clothesline).
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la'lap[a]dam/ la:nju

la'lap[a]dam s-cu- N aggreg: trapper (one whose job is to trap things)

la'lapadam ha- N: a trapper of

ba:ban hala'lapadam NExpr: a trapper of coyotes
ba:ban hala'lapada vu Stat Expr: to be a trapper of coyotes
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) ba:ban hala'lapadam. He is a trapper of coyotes.

la'lapaku see N la'apaku = trap; clothes-pin

la'lapame Vtr Unit sgs and plo (for pls and plo see la'lapo) [Neutr: def la'lapam;
hort la'lapame]: to go and trap, snare object
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)la'lapam g ba:ban. I'll go and trap coyotes.

la'lapo Vtr pls and plo (for sgs and plo see la'lapame; for sgs and sgo see
la'apame): to go and trap, snare obj
ex: Vatt o ho(<ha)la'lapo g ba:ban. We'll go and trap coyotes.

la'laap Vtr Repet (for Unit see la'lap) plo [Neutr: indef la'laap]: to trap, catch obj
repeatedly
ex: Cum 'o hekid hala'laap. He traps something every time.

la:-

la:bis (Span: lapiz) N inalien indiv [pl: lalabis]: pencil

la:mba (Span: lampa) N indiv [pl: lalamba]: lamp, light

ex: Ha-g-cu:c g lalamba. Turn off the lights!
ma:gina-la:mba NComp(?) indiv [pl: ma:gina-lalamba]: car light

la:nji (Span: lante) N alien aggreg [reflex poss: 'e-la:nji=ga]: lentils

la:njiga Stat: to have lentils

la:nju (Span: rancho) N alien/inalien indiv: ranch

la:nju Stat sing: to have a ranch

ex: 'Am 'a ge la:nju. I happen to have a ranch down there.
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la:njug/ le'eje

la:njug Stat impers Unit: there is a ranch (somewhere)

ex: 'Am 'o la:njug. There is a ranch down there.

la:nsa (Span: lanza) N alien indiv [sg (reflex: 'e-la:nsa=ga); pl: lalans]: spear

la:scud (Span: rastrillar) Vdtr [Neutr: def lasc; hort la:scud]: to harrow obj for
somebody (see also lastmadacud)

la:st (Span: rastrillar)Vtr [Neutr: def and hort la:st]: to harrow obj (see also la:stmad)

la:staku N indiv [pl: lalastaku]: harrow, drag (see also la:stmaku)

la:stmad (Span: rastrillar)Vtr [Neutr: def and hort la:stmad]: to go over obj with a
harrow (see also la:st)
ex: Nt o 'i la:stmad g 'oidag. I'll go over my field with a harrow.

la:stmadacud Vdtr [Neutr: def la:stmadac; hort la:stmadacud]: to go over obj with a
harrow for somebody (see also la:scud)
ex: Nt o 'i mla:stmadac. I'll go over it (your field) with a harrow for you.

la:stmaku N indiv [pl: lalastmaku]: harrow, drag (see also la:staku)

la:vos (Span: clavos) N indiv [pl: lalavos]: nail

le-

lepidva Vintr: to slip (same as dapidva)

le'eje/ la'aje in NExpr(?) Ban Le'eje/ La'aje: Expression used to frighten children
ex: Ko:si, t o mmel g Ban Le'eje! Go to sleep (or else) Coyote Le'eje will get you.

le'eje/ la'aje in NExpr(?) nak le'eje/ la'aje used to refer to a child who does not
behave
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lial/ lilial

li-

lial (Span: real) N alien aggreg [(reflex: 'e-lial=ga); distr: lilial]: money
ex: 'Ac hekaj ha'icu hanolot. We buy things with it (money) -- 'An 'o ha'i ve:c g lial mi:sa
da:m, no (< vu) m'ega? There is some money on the table, is it yours? -- ..matp
he'ekia 'i lial 'egid. ..whatever amount of money he owns. --'Idam navko'i hek vua g
'elialga. Drunkards waste their money. -- halilialga= their money (each one of several
persons).
cu:dp-lial NComp alien[1st pers sg n-cu:dp-lial=ga]: 75 cents
gi'ik-lial NComp alien indiv [sg (reflex: 'e-gi'ik-lial=ga); pl: gi'igk-lial]: 50 cents
go:k-lial NComp alien indiv [sg (reflex: 'e-go:k-lial=ga); pl: go'ogok-lial]: 25 cents

lial ba'iham NExpr [1st pers sg -lial=ga ba'iham]: money bag

lialga Stat: to have money

ex: o'ig 'o, pi 'o ho(<ha) lialga. He is poor, he does not have any money. --Pi 'i(<'a)
ha lialga. I don't have any money.

lialga s- Stat Unit (for Distr see s-lilialga): to have a lot of money
ex: Slialga 'a. I have a lot of money. -- Hegam 'o slialga. They have a lot of money
(which they own in common).

lialgakadma s- V subst: to be expected by speaker to have a lot of money

ex: Ge 'o a slialgakadma. I thought he had a lot of money.

lianda (Span: rienda) N inalien indiv [pl: lilianda]: reins, bridle

liat (Span: reata) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg liata-j) pl: liliat]: rawhide rope, lariat
ex: Vapkial hekaj havupa g haiva. Cowboys rope cattle with it (a lariat)

liat Stat sing: to have a lariat

liatcud Vdtr sing [Neutr: def liatc; hort liatcud]: to make a lariat out of obj for
somebody

liatt Vtr sing [Neutr: def and hort liatt]: to make a lariat out of obj
ex: Nt o hema liatt. I'll make a lariat out of it.

lilial see N lial = money

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lilialga/ li:va

lilialga s- Stat Distr (for Unit see s-lialga): to have a lot of money
ex: Hegam 'o slilialga. Each one of them has a lot of money.

lilianda see N lianda = reins, bridle

liliat see N liat = lariat
lilima see N li:ma = whetstone, grindstone
liliva see N li:va = coat, overcoat
lilmmida see N lim:da = glass
lilso see N li:so = prisoner

lilso haki: NExpr: prison (prisoners their house)

lim:da (Span: limeta) N alien indiv [pl: lilmmida]: drinking glass

lim:da (Span: limeta; dial: mil:da, mil:do) N mass: glass (substance)

lim:da-ha'a NComp(?): bottle (glass container for liquids)

ex: Ba:pt dai g lim:da-ha'a? Where did you put the bottle?

li:-

li:ma (Span: lima) N inalien indiv [pl: lilima]: whetstone, grindstone

ex: a: 'o 'e'a'aga hega'i mo 'ob(<ab) 'emu'ukad g vainom? B(<hab) 'o 'o(<'e)'a'aga li:ma.
How is that called that on which a knife is sharpened? It's called a grindstone.

li:mhu N: ceremony with singing and dancing (victory dance with the scalp of an
enemy at the return of Enemy Slayer)
ex: Nap sma:c g li:mhu? Do you know how to dance the li:mhu?

li:mhu Vreflex [Neutr: def, hort and indef 'e-li:mhu. Interr: 'e-li:mhu-him]: to dance the
li:mhu
ex: Gami 'at hu hab haha 'eli:mhu. Then they danced (hearsay) the li:mhu. -- Cum
'eli:mhuhim. They used to dance the li:mhu.

li:so (Span: preso) N indiv [pl: lilso]: prisoner

li:va (Span: levita) N inalien indiv [pl: liliva]: coat, overcoat (same as va:kidalig)
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li:vakam/ lo:ba vi:pi'idag

li:vakam N subst: one with a coat

Judum-Li:vakam NComp(?): a nickname (the-One-with-a-Coat-like-a-Bear)

lo-

lolomaiag see N lomaiag = old type of pack saddle

lolombo see N lombo = top

lomaiag (Span: lomo) N inalien indiv [pl: lolomaidag]: old type of pack saddle (made
of two bundles of grass tied together)

lomaiagt Vtr sing: to make an old type of pack saddle out of obj

lombo (Span: trompo) N inalien indiv [pl: lolombo]: top (a toy)

lo:-

lo:ba (Span: ropa) N mass: material, cloth

ex: Nt o ho(<ha) bei g lo:ba. I'll get some material. --Nt o ho(<ha) bei g lo:ba t o s'o'oik,
vo hema 'ipuc. I'll get some material which has designs to make myself a skirt.
smoik lo:ba NExpr: velvet (soft material)
smoik lo:ba vu Stat Expr: to be velvet
ex: Heg 'o hob(< hab) ha 'ega mo smoik u lo:ba. She has a piece of clothing that
is velvet.
toki-lo:ba NComp mass: cotton cloth

lo:ba (Span: ropa) N alien aggreg [distr: lol[o]ba]: piece(s) of material, cloth
toki-lo:ba NComp inalien aggreg [reflex: 'e-toki-lo:ba; 3rd pers sg: toki-lo:ba-j]: a
piece of cotton cloth
toki-lo:ba Stat Comp: to have a piece of cotton cloth

lo:ba vi:pi'idag: NExpr aggreg: pieces of left-over material of different kinds

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lo:dait/ lu:nas

lo:dait (Span: pleitear) Vtr [Neutr: def lo:dai; hort lo:dait]: to try obj in court
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)lo:dai. l'll fight them in court. -- M 'at o lo:dai. I hear that I am going to
be tried in court (they are going to judge me).

lo:dait[a]dam ha- N: judge (one whose job is to try people in court)

lo:daitaku-ki: NComp: courthouse (place where one goes to court)

lo:go (Span: loco) N sg: crazy one

lo:go vu Stat Expr sgs: to be a crazy one

ex: Pi i(<'a) u lo:go. I am not a crazy one.

lo:gocud Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-lo:goc; hort 'e-lo:gocud]: to become crazy
ex: 'A mapt ab o 'o(<'e)lo:goc? You are just going crazy! -- 'Id 'atk o 'elo:goc. He is
going to become crazy (evidential).

lo:goag Stat sgs: to be crazy (see also lo:gog)

ex: No lo:goag hega'i? Is he crazy?

lo:gog Stat sgs: to be crazy (see also lo:goag)

ex: a 'ap a(<va) lo:gog. You are quite crazy.

lo:na (Span: lona) N mass: canvas

lo:na-vako NComp indiv [sg (loc: lo:na-vako-c-'e); pl: lo:na-vapko)]: canvas water
bag

lu:-

lu:lsi (Span: dulce) N alien aggreg: candy, candies

ex: Lu:lsi 'o ob(<vab) si s'i'ov. Candy is too sweet.

lu:nas/ lu:nis (Span: lunes) loc N: Monday

ex: 'Oidckam g Domig. (Monday is the day) following Sunday -- Pi 'i(<'a) hoho'id
g Lu:nas. I don't like Monday(s). --Lu:nas 'e= on Monday
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lu:ya/ ma

lu:ya (Span ?) N alien: gray horse

ex: Nap eid g lu:ya? Do you see the gray horse?

ma-

maccu N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: maccua-j); pl: mamccud]: grinding stone,
metate; molar tooth
ex: Nt o okp g maccu. I'll chip the metate (to make it properly rough). --hema g
maccu= one of my molars -- ha'i g mamccu= some of my molars

maccu Stat sing [mult: mamccu]: to have a grinding stone, a molar tooth

maccucud Vdtr sing [Neutr: def maccuc]: to make a grinding stone for somebody
out of obj

maccut Vtr sing [Neutr: def maccut]: to make a grinding stone out of obj
ex: Nt o hema maccut. I'll make a grinding stone (out of it).

macpu (dial: macpo) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg macpua-j; instr: macpu-kaj);
pl: mamcpu; 1st pers sg -mamcpu]: toe; finger
ex: mac 'an hekaj ha'icu bebbhe. (fingers are) that with which we grab things.
cem macpu NExpr inalien indiv [1st pers sg cem -macpu]: little toe
ge'e macpu NExpr inalien indiv [1st pers sg ge'e -macpu]: big toe

macvidag see N mamcvidag = long feathers at the extremity of the wing of a bird
macvidaj see N mamcvidaj = long feathers of a specified bird (its long feathers)

ma N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg maa-j); pl: ma:ma]: offspring, child (term used
by the mother to refer to and address any one of her children, also used by the mother's
older brother je'es, and the mother's older sister da:d 'oks/ da:d 'oksi)
ex: heghekaj mo (<vu) cecioj hegam ma:maaj. because they were boys, her children.
cioj ma NExpr inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: cioj -ma) pl: cecioj ma:ma]: boy
cucul-ma NComp alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: n-cucul-ma=ga); pl: cucul-ma:ma]:
chick
gogs ma:ma NExpr: one litter of puppies
ex: gogsga ma:ma= the puppies of my dog
gogs-ma NComp alien indiv [pl: gogogs-ma:ma; 1st pers sg -gogogs-
ma:ma=ga]: puppy
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ma/ magka

kavyu-ma NComp alien indiv [sg(1st pers sg -kavyu-ma=ga) pl: kakavyu-

ma:ma; 1st pers sg -kakavyu-ma:ma=ga ]: colt
'uvi ma NExpr inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: 'uvi -ma); pl: 'u'uvi ma:ma]: girl

ma Stat sing [mult: ma:ma]: to have a child, a little one, a fruit

ex: ku g'ea 'ab ma:ma. in it (the nest) she (the mother eagle) has the little ones
(hearsay). --K he'ekia 'i ma:ma? How many children does she have? --P he'ekia 'i
ma:ma? How many children do you have? -- Nap ge ma? Do you have a child? -- Nap
ge ma:ma? Do you have children? --Ge 'o ma. She happens to have a child
(unexpectedly, as with a very young woman).--Hek 'o hu ge ma:ma. She already has
children. --Hemako 'o(<'a) ma I have one child. --M(<'am) 'a a(<va) 'al 'i hemako
ma. So far I have only one child. --Pi ha ma:ma g hu:. The corn does not have any
ears.

ma vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu ma:ma]: to be a woman's child, the fruit of a plant
ex: g m'o'ogba mo heg u ma:ma. your deceased fathers who were her sons.

maa, ma:a (lengthening for emphasis) N inalien[1st pers sg ma:a!] : diminutive

(used by a mother to address her child)

maba N inalien indiv: deceased child of a woman

macud Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def mac; hort macud]: to deliver the child (boy or girl) of a
woman

mapig Vtr sing (for mult see ma:mapig): to remove one ear of corn, one squash or
cantaloupe, off the plant

mat Vtr sing (for mult see mamat) sgs [Neutr: def mat. Interr: mata-him]: to give
birth to a child
ex: Tk o mat. She is going to have a child (evidential). --Cioj 'atk mat. She got a boy.
--'Uv 'atk mat. She got a girl. --Matahim 'o. She is close to giving birth.

mava Vintr sgs [Neutr: def mava. Interr: mavu-him]: to give birth to a child (same
as mamahog)
ex: Mava 'atk. She gave birth (evidential). --Mavuhim 'o. She is in the process of
giving birth.

magka Vtr: to perforate obj (same as magkan?)

ex: 'oia gm hu ab gahi magka hega'i do'ag. but she just worked her way all the way
through that mountain. -- Nt o hema gahi magka heg'ab huk m'am ke:k. I'll drill a hole
through that board standing there.
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magka / mai

magka Vreflex: to wear out from use in one spot (as of a pot or material)
ex: 'Emagka 'at g hidoaku. The cooking pot is worn out in one spot. -- T o
'o(<'e)magka. It is going to wear out.

magkaa Vtr [Neutr: indef magkaa]: to work one's way through / perforate obj (as
with claws, or teeth, or a tool) (same as magka?)

magkaa V reflex sgs [Neutr: indef 'e-magkaa]: to wear out (as of a cooking pot, or
material) reiteratedly (same as 'e-magka?)
ex: Heg 'o 'om(<'am) 'emagkaa. It wears out again and again (you patch it and it wears
out again).

magkan Vtr sgo (for plo see mamagkan) [Neutr: def magka; hort magkan. Interr:
magkana-him]: to work one's way through obj (as with claws or teeth, or a tool), to
perforate obj
ex: B g magkan! Perforate it! --Magkanahim 'a. I am about to perforate it. --M(<'am) g
ab (<vab) 'i magkanahid! Keep on working your way through it! --Pt o a(<va) magka
'am magkanahimc. You will perforate it as you work your way through it.

magkan Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-magka. Interr: 'e-magkana-him]: to wear out from
use in one spot (said of a pot or material)
ex: 'Emagkanahim. It is in the process of wearing out.

magkan Stat sgs: to be perforated

ex: B(<vab) gahi magkan g do'ag. The mountain is perforated all the way through.

magka Vtr sgo (for plo see mamagka) [Neutr: indef magka]: to perforate obj
(same as magkaa?)

magka Vreflex sgs [Neutr: indef 'e-magka]: to get perforated reiteratedly (same as 'e-
magkaa?)

magvin Vreflex sgs {Neutr: indef 'e-magvin. Dur: 'e-magvina-d]: to wave one's hand
ex: 'Emagvin 'o. He is waving his hand. -- 'E-g-magvinad! Keep on waving your hand!

mai see Vtr ma:c = to learn something, to find out about somebody
mai see Vtr s-ma:c = to find out about obj
mai see Vreflex 'e-ma:c = to learn something involving oneself
mai see Vreflex s-'e-ma:c = to find out something involving oneself
 12

maihog/ maintakam

maihog N indiv [pl: mamaihog[]]: centipede

ex: C heg 'an 'ep memea jevuo; hab a(<va) 'ep cuke'idagc ge mu'i kakhio. And it also
runs around on the ground; it has a stinger as well and it has a surprising number of legs.

maik see Vintr maiko'o = to get indigestion

maiko'icud V impers tr plo (for sgo see maimcud) [Neutr: def maiko'ic. Interr:
maiko'icuda-him]: to give obj indigestion
ex: Tmaiko'icudahim ['o]. We are getting indigestion (it is giving us indigestion).

maiko'o Vintr pls (for sgs see maim) [Neutr: def maik]: to get indigestion
ex: Maik 'att. We've got indigestion. -- Hegam 'at maik. They've got indigestion (I hear).

maim Vintr Unit (for Repet see maimmuk) sgs (for pls see maiko'o) [Neutr: def
maim]: to get indigestion
ex: Napt maim? Do you have indigestion? --Maim 'at. (I hear that) he has indigestion.

maimcud Vimpers tr sgo (for plo see maiko'icud) [Neutr: def maimc. Interr:
maimcuda-him]: to give obj indigestion
ex: Tk o maimc. It'll give me indigestion (evidential).--maimcudahim ['o]. It's giving
me indigestion.

maimmuk Vintr Repet (for Unit see maim) sgs: to get indigestion repeatedly

main N inalien indiv [pl: mamain; distr: ma'main]: sleeping mat

main Stat sing [mult: mamain]: to have a sleeping mat

maincud Vdtr sing [Neutr: def mainc; hort maincud]: to make a sleeping mat out of obj
for somebody

maint Vtr sing (for mult see mamaint) [Neutr: def maint. Interr: mainta-him]: to make
a sleeping mat out of obj

mainta N inalien: mat-making; mat in the process of being made

maint[a]dam N: mat-maker (one whose job is to make mats)

maint[a]ag s- Stat sgs: to be good at matmaking

maintakam s- N subst: one who is good at mat-making

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maipid/ mam[a]hoag

maipid see N mavid = mountain lion

maipidag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-mavidag): to be full of mountain lions
in various locations (same as mamvidag)

makkomig/ makkomag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-mamakkomig): to be

full of caterpillars in one location

Makkomi-Vo'o NComp [loc: Makkomi-Vo'o-t-'am]: a place name (Caterpillar Pond)

makkom N aggreg: caterpillar

Makkom-Ku'adam NComp(?) aggreg: nickname of a group of people (Caterpillar

Eaters)

makoad Vtr sgo (for plo see mamkoad) [Neutr: def and hort makoad]: to tie the
limbs of obj together; to put handcuffs on obj

makoag N indiv [pl: mamkoag]: anything serving to tie limbs (such as legs of a
horse) together; a pair of handcuffs (also called maiaadaku)

makoag Stat sing: to have something to tie with; to have a pair of handcuffs

makoagt Vtr sing [Neutr: def, hort makoagt]: to make a pair of handcuffs out of obj

makopi'ok Vtr sgo [Neutr: def makopi'o; hort makopi'ok]: to remove handcuffs
from obj

Malya (Span: Maria) N indiv [pl: Mamlliya]: Mary

mal:ma (Span: maromero) N indiv [pl: mamlloma]: circus

mal:mac'e pay:sa NExpr(?): a circus clown

mamaho see Vintr mamahog = to give birth to a child

mam[a]ho N mass [distr: mammaho]: water scum (light green algae that forms
on top of still water); mould, mildew (as on food)

mam[a]hoag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-mammahoag): to be full of

scum, mould, in one location
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mam[a]hoag[]/ mamagka

mam[a]hoag[] s- Stat: to be mouldy, mildewed

mamahogi Vintr [Neutr: def mamahogi. Interr: mamahogi-him]: to become

mouldy, mildewed
ex: Ge 'etk(<'atk) 'i mamahogi. It (bread or milk) happened to have become mouldy.

mamahomag s- Adj: scum-like green

mamahomag[] s- Stat: to be scum-like green (like water scum)

mamahog Vintr sgs [Neutr: def mamaho. Interr: mamahog[i]-him]: to give birth to
a child (same as mava)
ex: Mamaho 'otk. She gave birth. --Vo mamaho hega'i Toa-Ku'adam 'Oks. she is going
to give birth, that Toa-Ku'adam 'Oks. -- Mamahoghim 'o. She is close to giving birth.

mamahog N inalien [3rd pers sg mamahoga-j]: secondary limbs of a saguaro cactus

mamahog Stat: to have secondary limbs (a saguaro cactus)

ex:ha:a mo mamahog= saguaro which has secondary limbs -- hegam mo mamahog=
those that have secondary limbs

mamahog s- Stat: to have many secondary limbs (a saguaro cactus)

ex: a 'i smamahog hega'i ha:a. That saguaro has many secondary limbs.

mamahogam N aggreg [distr: mammahogam]: saguaro cactus with secondary limbs

ex: hega'i mamahogam= that saguaro cactus with secondary limbs -- hegam
mamahogam= those saguaros with secondary limbs (in one location) -- hegam
mammahogam= those saguaros with secondary limbs here and there

mamagina see N ma:gina = car; machine

mamaginag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-mammaginag): to be full of cars in
one location

mamagkan Vtr plo (for sgo see magkan) [Neutr: def mamagka; hort mamagkan]: to
perforate obj

mamagka Vtr plo (for sgo see magka) [Neutr: indef mamagka]: to perforate obj
reiteratedly
ex: Cum hekid hamamagka g 'ealiv 'ab 'eto:to 'ab. He always wears out his pants at the
knee (his knees).
 15

mamaihogag/ mamce

mamaihogag s- Stat impers: to be full of centipedes

mamaihog see N maihog = centipede

mamain see N main = sleeping mat
mamain see Stat main = to have a sleeping mat

mamaint Vtr mult (for sing see maint): to make sleeping mats out of obj
ex: Mamaint 'o, atp huhat. They are making mats out of it, or maybe it is baskets.

mamakai see N ma:kai = medicine man

mamakai see Stat Expr vu ma:kai = to be a medicine man

mamakkomig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-makkomig): to be full of

caterpillars in several locations

mamal N indiv [pl: mammal]: a pair of twin leaves or fruits that have grown together;
Siamese twins

mamal vu Stat Expr: to be a joined pair of fruit, plants, people

ex: 'I:bhai u mamal. The prickly pear cactus has two joined trunks (is a joined pair).

mamaiko see N subst ma:iko: a lame one

mamaikog see Stat ma:ikog: to be lame

mamauc semi Stat reflex pls [Neutr: indef 'e-mamauc. Dur: 'e-mamauci-d]: to have
one's fingers locked together, to be holding hands with one's fingers locked together

mamaucug Vreflex pls [Neutr: indef 'e-mamaucug. Dur: 'e-mamaucuga-d]: to be

moving holding hands with one's fingers locked together

mamc see Stat reflex s-'e-ma:c = to be knowledgeable

mamc see Stat Expr s-cu-ma:c = to be learned, knowledgeable
mamccu see N maccu = grinding stone; molar tooth

mamce (redupl of ma:c) Vtr [Neutr: def, hort and indef mamce. Correl: mamce-k;
immed: mamce-ka-'i. Dur: mamce-d. Interr: mamce-him]: to study, to figure out, to find
out, to discover something
ex: Pt o 'i mamce, t o a(<va) 'i vuha. Study it, it will become clear the problem -- kutt
'am hig o a 'i mamce ha'icu. we should figure out what it is. -- k cum mamce mat
has o ju: 'i:da'a 'edaiku t hab pi cum heba'i vab o vi'ickvuhid. and he was trying in
vain to find out what to do about his seat so that (the wind) would not carry it along.--
 16

mamce/ mamka
'I mamce mas heba'i 'e'estois hega'i lial! Figure out where that money is hidden! --Cum 'o
hekid mamce g 'O'odham-i'ok. He studies 'O'odham continually. --Pi g 'am hu cum
hekid mamced! Don't be studying (it) all the time! --Cum 'a mamcehim g e'i. I used to
study the song. -- Pt 'am hig ha'icu o 'i mamcehi! You(sg) should figure out what it is! --
mamt 'am hig ha'icu o 'i mamcehi 'im hab tba'ic. ... that you(pl) should figure out what
is ahead of us. -- mat ab o mai ha'icu 'am 'i mamceka'i. (the medicine man) who
will just figure out what something is by studying it (for a while).

mamcim see s-'e-ma:cim = smart one, expert

mamcim see NExpr s-cu-ma:cim = learned, knowledgeable one
mamcpu see N macpu = toe

mamcvidag N inalien pl [instr: mamcvidag-kaj]: long feathers at the extremity of the

wings of a bird (the array of long feathers is usually referred to as a whole, but the
singular macvidag is possible)
ex:. 'an hahikkumi'o 'in hakukvo 'ana'i 'emamcvidagkaj. he (Buzzard) severed their
necks with his long feathers.
ba'ag-mamcvidag NComp: long feathers of an eagle

mamcvidag N inalien (?): purifier of feathers used in curing rites made with the long
feathers of certain birds (also called mamcviku)

mamcvidagkam N: one with long feathers; one with (having) a purifier of long
feathers (only the long feathers growing at the extremity of the wing should be used in
making a purifier of feathers)
o'oxpolk-Mamcvidagkam NComp(?): a nickname (One-with-a-Short-Purifier-of-
Feathers)

mamcvidaj N: long feathers of a specified bird (its long feathers; the array of long
feathers is usually referred to as a whole, but the sg macvidaj is possible)

mamcvig N: extremity of arm or wing (a Pima word?)

mamcviku N: purifier of feathers used in curing rites (also called mamcvidag)

mamka Vdtr Repet (for Unit see ma:k) [Neutr: indef mamka. Dur: mamkad. Interr:
mamka-him]: to give obj to somebody repeatedly
ex: Pi a 'i hamamka matp 'am cum hanonlot 'idam 'o'odham. They (the boys) keep
refusing to give them (the people) the birds (them) which the people keep trying in vain
to buy from them (the boys). -- T 'am hab cum hema mamka g 'uv mat o ho:nt hega'i
cioj. In vain do they repeatedly offer the boy a girl for him to marry (hearsay). -- hab o
vuadc 'ab o cum mamakad. he keeps acting as if he were going to give it to him.
 17

mamka/ mammagina

mamka Vdtr Distr (for Unit see ma:k) [Neutr: def mamka. Compl: mamka-yok;
immed: mamka-yoka-'i]: to divide obj equally among several people, to give the same
amount of something to each one of several people
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)mamka 'i:da'a. I'll give one of these (cakes, or fruits) to each one of them.
--Hek hu hamamka g 'e'a'alidag g ha'icu 'e'ega. He has already divided his property
among his children.

mamka Vreflex tr [Neutr: def 'e-mamka]: to divide obj equally among oneselves
ex: Mu: g ha'o:g k 'emamka g ha'icu 'egaj. After their father died they divided his
property among themselves. -- Tt o tmamka! Let's divide it among ourselves! -- k 'am 'i
ves 'emamka hega'i cu:kug. and they divided all of the meat among themselves.
ha'icu 'e-mamka VExpr reflex: to exchange presents
ex: Ha'icu 'u(<'e)mamka. They repeatedly exchange presents.

mamkoad Vtr plo (for sgo see makoad) [Neutr: def and hort mamkoad]: to tie
obj together with a cord or strap around its limbs (either legs or arms)

mamkoada N inalien pl: ones tied together by a strap or cord around their limbs
(either legs or arms)
ex: Nt o 'i haga: g mamkoada. I'll look for my (ones which I) tied together.

mamkoag see N makoag = anything serving to tie limbs together (such as a pair
of handcuffs)

mamkoag Stat reflex: to be tied together/ to each other (around the legs or arms)
ex: hegam kakavyu mo 'om(<'am) a 'emamkoag. those horses which are tied
together.

Mamlliya haPiast NExpr: feast day for the girls called Mary

mamlloma see N mal:ma = circus

mammaho see N mamaho = water scum; mould, mildew

mammahoag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-mamahoag): to be full of

scum/ mould in several locations

mammahogam see N mamahogam = saguaro with secondary limbs

Mammagam see N subst Ma:mgam = one(s) from a sib of the Buzzard moiety
mammagina see N ma:gina = car; machine
 18

mammaginag/ mamsid

mammaginag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-mamaginag): to be full of cars in
various locations

mammal see N mamal = a pair of joined twins

mamnayu see N manayu = herd of wild horses

mamiaad Vtr plo (for sgo see maiaad) [Neutr: def and hort mamiaad]:
to hobble obj
ex: Nt o ho(< ha)mamiaad g nooiga. I'll hobble my horses. --Ha'i hamamiaad g
'eooiga. They hobbled some of their horses.

mams see Mod Expr hab/has ma:s = looking a certain way

mams see Stat Expr hab/has ma:s = to look a certain way

mams s- Stat pls= to have good vision, to have good eyes

ex: B(< vab) kia smams g vu:puij. His eyes are still good.

mamssana see N mas:na= five gallon glass container of whiskey

mamsi Vintr pls (for sgs see ma:si) [Neutr: def mamsi. Correl: mamsi-k; immed:
mamsi-ka-'i. Interr: mamsi-him]= to be born, to hatch, to be hatched
ex: Mamsi 'itk(< 'atk) g cucul. The chicks have hatched (evidential). -- 'ea 'al
mamsi hega'i 'u'uvhig. meanwhile a number of birds had hatched (hearsay). --mat
heba'i g 'u'uvhig vo mamsik. after the birds have hatched.

mamsi Vintr pls (for sgs see ma:si)= to become visible, to appear, to show
'e-vepo mamsi VExpr reflex pls: to become alike, to get to look like each other
ex: 'E-'o-'o(<'e)vepo mamsihim. They are getting to look alike.

mamsid Vtr plo (for sgo see ma:sid) [Neutr: def and indef mamsid. Dur: mamsida-d.
Interr: mamsida-him]: to hatch obj
ex: Cucul 'atk hamamsid g 'enonha. The chicken has hatched its eggs. -- 'U'uvhig
hamamsid g 'enonha. Birds hatch their eggs. -- Hamamsidahim 'o g 'enonha. It has been
hatching its eggs (for some time).

mamsid Vtr plo (for sgo see ma:sid) [Neutr: def and hort mamsid]: to dye obj a
certain color
ex: Smumhaagim 'ant o ho(<ha)mamsid. I'll dye them brown. - Nt o scuckam
hamamsid. I'll dye them black.-- nat pi 'ab si 'i hamamsid g 'o'ohogaj. because he
had died a certain color the designs of his outfit (his designs).
 19

mamsid/ manjug

mamsid Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-ma:sid) [Neutr: def 'e-mamsid. Interr: 'e-mamsida-
him]: to appear, to become visible, to make oneself visible
ex: 'Ab 'i 'i(<'e)mamsid. They appeared up there.

mamsit see N masit = sabre

mamskal see Adj maskal = silk
mamskal see N maskal = silk kerchief

mam N aggreg: tick

mam s- Stat: to have lots of ticks

ex: Smam 'o g gogs. The dog is full of ticks.

mamad see N maad = month

mamcamdam see N ha-macamdam = a teacher
mamo see N subst ma:o = a horse that is broken in
mamtai see N matai = ashes

Mamtai 'l'avisk subst NExpr: a place name (Where ashes have been emptied here
and there)

mamtk see N matk = palm of the hand

mamtog Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-matog) [Neutr: indef 'e-mamtog]: to get loose
from something (as thread from a spool) repeatedly
ex:'A cum mamtog. I tried in vain to get loose (from his grasp).

mamvid see N mavid = mountain lion

mamvidag see Stat s-maipadag = to be full of mountain lions

manayu (Span: manada) N alien aggreg [distr: mamnayu]: a herd of wild horses
ex: masma vo:p mat heba'i g manayu vo 'etodsidk. they ran like a herd of wild
horses that have been scared.

manjug (Span: manteca) N alien mass: lard, grease

ex: Ba:bas 'am manjugc'e 'o hido. Potatoes are cooked in lard. --Ba:bas maptk 'am
manjugc'e hido a 'i s'i'ov. Your fried potatoes are real good.

manjug vu Stat Expr: to be lard, grease

ex: D(<vu) 'o ob(<vab) 'i manjug g nno:nhai. My hands are full of grease.
 20

mans:na/ masma

mans:na (Span: manzana; dial: mals:na, mas:na) N alien aggreg: apple

ex: mo vu ha'icu 'i:bdag. (an apple) is a fruit. --M g hu da'icud hega'i mans:na!
Throw away that apple! --M g hu e:ncud hegam mans:na! Throw away those apples
(together)!--M g hu 'iava g mans:na, jeva 'atk. Throw away the apples (in a pile or in a
container), they are rotten. --Hehe'ekia 'amt 'i 'u:'uk g mans:na? How many apples did
each one of you pick?

maiaad (Span: maniare) Vtr sgo (for plo see mamiaad) [Neutr: def and hort
maiaad]: to hobble obj
ex: Nt o maiaad g noiga. I'll hobble my horse.

maiaadaku N: instrument with which to tie the limbs of an animal or a person

together (such as a pair of handcuffs; also called makoag)

maiaag N: a hobble (same as maiaaku)

maiaag Stat: to have a hobble

maiaagt Vtr sing [Neutr: def and hort maiaagt]: to make a hobble out of obj

maiaaku N: a hobble (same as maiaag)

maiapi'ok Vtr sgo [Neutr: def maiapi'o; hort maiapi'ok]: to unhobble obj

mas:na (Span: mansana) N alien indiv [pl: mamssana]: five gallon glass container of
whiskey

masit (Span: masita) N inalien indiv [pl: mamsit]: sabre

maskal Adj sg [pl: mamskal]: silk

ex: maskal monjul= a silk scarf -- maskal 'ipu= a silk dress -- mamskal 'i'ipu= silk
dresses

maskal N inalien indiv [pl: mamskal]: silk kerchief

maskalim N subst sg: one with a silk kerchief around his neck (like a cowboy)

masma hab/has Adv Expr: with hab: in a certain (specified) way, thus, how; with has:
in a certain (unspecified or strange) way, somehow
ex: ...g hu 'i dahaivak 'am hab ha'a:gid hab masma. after they had sat down he tells
them the story (how). -- ...mo hob(<hab) masma 'an 'o'ohonc'e. the way in which it is
 21

masma
written in the book. --Mac hab masma 'am s'amcud. This is how we recognize him. --
B(<hab) 'o 'e'a'aga hab masma. This is how it is called. --B(<hab) 'a masma 'am
nna:tokc 'a:i'i. This is what I prepared myself for. --B(<hab) 'atp hi a(<va) voho cum
cu'ig hab masma mapp 'a:pi'i 'enakogk ha'ui.... Although it seems to be a fact (speaker
does not want to be more specific) that you were able to get them --B(<hab) 'o masma
him mo g haiva. He walks like a cow. -- B(<hab) g masma him mo g haiva! Walk like
a cow! -- Sviakam cui hab masma mo g cu'i. He ground it as finely as flour. -- ...k 'am
hab 'i haje:gidahim hab masma mo hob(<hab) hi a(<va) kaij g tSi'iheg. ...and he
reported to them (at a meeting) what our Elder Brother had said (speaker does not want to
be more specific). --a:p masma hab vua? How do you do it? -- a:p masma huhhag g
pilka? How do you haul wheat? --a:pt masma hab o cei 'O'odhamaj. How do you say
(it) in 'O'odham? -- a:pt masma 'i a(< va) jiva 'ea 'o pi hekid 'i a hu hema jijivha g
'o'odham? How did you (manage to) get here when nobody ever comes here? -- Nap
sma:c mapt has masma o melc g ma:gina? Do you know how to drive a car? --M(<'am)
'ant o mce:g mapt has masma hab o ju:. I'll show you how to do it. --Kutp 'am hig a(<va)
has masma cu'ig 'atp g hu si daha. It would somehow seem that he is sitting deep down
(in the water). -- ...c 'am hu heba'i mat 'im haha has masma 'im 'ep e'iopa. ...and
sometime later, they managed somehow to escape again. -- 'ea 'am a(<va) has masma
'am 'apec mat 'amje 'am o mehi. meanwhile they had fixed a way to set fire to it.
hab a(< va) masma Adv Expr: in the same way
ex: c hab a masma hab 'ep haju: 'idam ge'ege 'a'al. and she treated the older
children in the same way. --B(<hab) 'at a masma vo ge'eda mo hega'i mo 'am u
ge'ecu. He will get to be as big as the one that is the eldest.--Ku hab a masma a 'i
s'e:bid. I too like you am very afraid of her. --ia k 'amje hab a masma 'am 'i 'ep
himhi cuhugamk 'ea. Well, and thereafter in the same way (as before) he wandered
again in the darkness.
hab/has 'i masma Adv Expr: with hab: the best way, the only way; with has: in the
best way one can
ex: c hekaj hab a(< va) 'i masma mapt o hi:. and therefore the best is for you to
leave. -- b(<hab) a 'i masma mapt 'am o a(<va) ce:. the best is for you to leave it
there. --B(<hab) 'ant a 'i masma hab o cei. That's all (the only way) I'll say. -- matp
'am hab haha ju: hega'i matp has 'i masma s'ema:c. then she did it as well as she
could (knew how). --'an si vu: matp has 'i masma s'ema:c. he tied it as firmly as
he could (knew how). -- Gami 'atp hu haje:ig g Ban matp has 'i masma s'e'amcud.
Coyote addressed them at a meeting in his best manner (the best he knew how). -- k
ababa hab masma o cikpanac ma has 'i masma hekaj hega'i nongivul!. but use it
as well as I use my kickball! -- Nt o 'om(<'em)'a:g matt has 'i masma hab o tjuk o
mua. I'll tell you(pl) what is the best way for us to kill her.
na:nko masma Adv Expr: in various ways, in all kinds of ways
ex: 'am hab hi a(<va) cum na:nko masma 'am 'i 'a'aga mat has masma hab o juk o
mua. although they discuss various ways (speaker does not want to be more
specific) in which they could kill her. --Si na:nko masma 'ab 'o'oho 'ab vuhio hega'i
'uv. He painted all kinds of designs on the face of that girl. -- Si na:nko masma 'ab 'i
himhi. He went through all kinds of things (in the course of his life).
 22

masma/ maad
pi has masma Adv Expr: it's impossible to, there is no way to
ex: T pi has masma 'an hu o ha'ui. It's impossible to get them up there.--Pi 'int(<'ant)
has masma gm hu hub(<hab) o 'i ju:. It's impossible for me to move it over there. --
Pi has masma gm hu hab o 'i 'ece:. It's impossible to move it out of the way.
s-'ap masma Adv Expr: handsomely, in a good way
ex: c hekaj s'ap masma 'am 'oiyopo g'ea e'i. and therefore they walk around
at the dance, looking good
vepo masma Adv Expr: in the same way as
ex: Tvepo masma hab 'evua. They behave the same as we do.

masma hab/has Stat Expr [Neutr: indef hab/has masma; def hab/has masma=k. Dur:
hab/has masma= ka-d. Interr: hab/has masma=ka-him]: with hab: to be a certain
(specified) way; with has: to be a certain (unspecified or strange) way
ex: a:p a 'i masma? / P has a 'i masma? How have you been so far? --a: 'o masma?
How is it/he? --Hab masma. That's how he/it is. --M(<'am) 'o 'id hab masma. That's the
way he/it is. --M 'o 'id hab a(<va) 'i masma. That's how he/it has been so far.-- mo
hob(<hab) masma g hahimdag. ... the way their custom is. --Kut ababa hab o
masmakad matt 'id 'an o hadad 'i:da'a. But the way it will be is that we will set these on
(something). -- Hab ha'ap 'o masmakahim. That's what he/it was like.
vepo masma Stat Expr: to be like obj
ex: vepo 'o masma. He is like me. --Vepo masma mo g ha'icu kai. It is like a seed.

masmakaj hab Adv Expr: by a certain (specified) means, for a certain (specified)
reason, because
ex: Hab masmakaj jiva mant 'am has o 'i cum jujjuhi hega'i. The reason why I came is
because I want to try to do something about him.- - Hab masmakaj 'i a(<va) jiva mant 'i
hab o a(<va) smai 'i:ya'a. I came here in order to find out about it.
hab a(<va) 'i masmakaj Adv Expr: the only way/ means to; the best way/ means to
ex: Hab a 'i masmakaj matp 'am hu ab o da: g 'u'uvhig k gn hu haha vo jiva. The only
way is for a bird to get up there by flying.

maad N: moon
ex:mo cuhugc'e 'an 'i vuke mo hekaj stonli. (the moon is) that which comes out at
night, that whereby there is light.
daha g maad: the moon is full (is sitting).
hemu maad: the new moon (same as vecij maad)
hu:m g maad: to be the end of the month
ex: Hu: g maad. It's the end of the month (the moon got empty).
mu:k- g maad: to be the end of the month; to occur (for a moon eclipse)
ex: Mu: g maad. It's the end of the month (the moon has died). --T mu: g maad.
There was an eclipse of the moon (the moon is said to have died).
si'a-/ sisia g maad: to be the beginning of the month
ex: Si'a 'atk g maad. It's the beginning of the month (the moon rose in the morning).
 23

maad/ macam

siko maad: full moon

vo'iva/ vo'o g maad: the moon is in its first quarter
ex: Koi 'at 'am hu vo'iva g maad. The moon is not yet in its first quarter (the crescent
moon did not lie down there yet). -- Vo'iva 'atk g maad. The moon is in its first
quarter (the crescent moon has laid down). -- Vo'o g maad. The moon is in its first
quarter (the crescent moon is lying down). --
'e'ea hu:m g maad: to be the middle of the month
ex: 'E'ea hu: g maad. It's the middle of the month (the moon is half emptied).

maad N indiv [pl: mamad]: month

ce:dag maad NExpr: March or April (green month)
ha:a-bahidag maad NExpr [ha:a-bahidag maad 'e] : July (month of the
saguaro crop)
jukiabig mamad NExpr: rainy season, from July to September (months of the
rainy season)
ko'ok maad NExpr: maybe one of the winter months (painful month)
pipiast maad NExpr [loc: pipiast maad 'e]: October (month of the feasts)
sto maad NExpr: June (hot month)
to:nto maad NExpr: February (crazy month)
opol 'esiabig maad NExpr: August (month of the short planting season, because
things have to be planted before August 15)
'uam maad NExpr: November (yellow month, when everything is dry from frost)

maadga Stat sgs: to have one's menstruation

maad-huhugig NComp/ NExpr [loc: maad-huhug-c-'e/maad huhugig 'e]: last

quarter of the moon (same as maad mu:kig)

maad-mu:kig NComp [loc: maad-mu:kig-c-'e]: last quarter of the moon (same as

maad-huhugig)

maca see Vtr macam = to teach obj something or how to do something

macam Vtr [Neutr: def maca; hort macam. Dur: macama-d]: to teach obj something
or how to do something
ex: Pt o maca! Teach me (how)! -- Nt o a(<va) mmaca mapt has masma vo huatad. I'll
teach you(sg) how to make a basket. --Macama! (You sg) teach him (how)! --
Macamo! (You pl) teach him (how)! -- Pt o macamad! You will be my teacher

macam Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-maca]: to teach each other

ex: Tt o tmaca g e'ei. We'll teach each other songs.
 24

macamaku/ mavag

macamaku N inalien [loc: macamaku-c-'e, macamaku-t-'am]: school

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) 'aliga 'am macamakuc'e. He is my pupil (my child in school).

macamame Vtr Unit sgs [Neutr: def macamam]: to go and teach obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)macamam. I'll go and teach (them/someone).

macamame Vreflex Unit sgs (for pls see 'e-macamo) [Neutr: def 'e-macamam;
hort 'e-macamame]: to go to school
ex: Gm 'at hu 'emacamam. He left for school. --Nt o macamam. I am on my way to
school.

macamdam ha- N inalien indiv [sg( 1st pers sg -macamdam; 1st pers pl t-
macamdam); pl: ha-mamcamdam]: a teacher (someone's teacher)

macamdam 'e- N aggreg: a pupil (one who is being taught)

ex: He'ekiaj 'i g 'emacamdam? How many pupils are there? --Santa Rosa 'am
'emacamdam hagev cum hekid. The Santa Rosa pupils win the game every time.

macamdam vu ha- Stat sgs: to be a teacher (their/someone's teacher)

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) hamacamdam. He is a teacher. --Heg 'o tmacamdam. He is our
teacher.

macamdam vu 'e- Stat Expr: to be (a) pupil(s)

ex: D(<vu) 'o 'emacamdam. He is a pupil.

macamag N inalien: one's learning, learning process

ex: S'e-'o-ma:c 'am 'emacamag 'e. He is a smart learner (he is smart in his learning).
-- Pi 'i(<'a) ma:c 'am macamag 'ed. I am not a smart learner.

macamo/ macayo Vreflex pls (for sgs see macamame) [Neutr: def 'e-
macamo/ macayo]: to go to school
ex: Gm 'at hu 'emacamo. They left for school. -- T o 'o(<'e)macamo. They are on their
way to school.

macayo see Vtr macamo = to go and teach obj

mavag s- Stat impers: there is bright moonlight

ex: Smavag 'o. There is bright moonlight.--T o smavagk. There will be bright
moonlight.
 25

mavagi/ matog

mavagi Vintr impers [Neutr: def mavagi. Interr: mavagi-him]: to shine (moon)
ex: T o mavagi. The moon will shine. --Mavagihim 'o. The moon is shining (off and
on). --T o mavagihid. The moon will be shining (off and on).

matai N alien mass [distr: mamtai]: ashes

ex: Nt o 'i vu:ad g matai. I'll take the ashes out. --Nt o ho(<ha) 'iava g mataiga. I'll
empty some of my ashes.

matai-cekku NComp inalien indiv [pl: matai-ceckku]: ashtray

matai-cemait NComp: large tortilla (made of thin dough without salt, baked by
heating a flat dish with ashes)
ex: Nt o ha'i mma: g matai-cemait. I'll give you a few pieces of matai-cemait.

mataidag N in ha'icu mataidag NExpr: ashes of something

ki:-mataidag NComp indiv [pl: ki:k-mamtaidag]: house reduced to ashes

mataidaj N: ashes of something specified (such as ashes of a house that burnt down or
ashes of a cremated person; its/his ashes)

matai-kods-ta NComp [loc: matai-kods-ta-c-'e]: Ash Wednesday

matai-sipulk NComp: a pile of ashes

matai sipulkda NExpr inalien [1st pers sg matai -sipulkda]: ashes being made into a
pile.

matai-sipulkdaku NComp(?): dumping place for one's ashes (same as matai-

'iaviku)

matai-'iaviku NComp(?) inalien [1st pers sg: matai-'iaviku]: place where one
empties one's ashes regularly (same as matai-sipulkdaku)

matk N inalien indiv [pl: mamtk]: palm of the hand (not commonly used)
ex: matk 'e= in the palm of my hand

matog Vtr [Neutr: def mato]: to get obj loose from something or somebody that is
holding it
ex: Vo mato g hevel g 'ecevagig. The wind will unleash (release) its clouds.
 26

matog/ maup

matog Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-mamtog) [Neutr: def 'e-mato. Interr: 'e-
matog[i]-him]: to get loose from something or someone holding subject in place (as of
thread from a spool, material getting frayed, knitting getting unraveled)
ex: 'Emato g hi:lo. The thread got loose (from the spool). --'Emato g 'ikus. The material
got frayed.

matogig N in ha'icu matogig NExpr: something that has gotten loose from what is
holding it
hi:lo-matogig NComp(?): unraveled thread
'ikus-matogig NComp(?): frayed cloth

maup (assim of *mavp) Vintr Repet (for Unit see mau) sgs [Neutr: indef maup]: to
put one's hand (somewhere) repeatedly
ex: Gi'ikho cum maup 'am voag 'e. Four times he tried to put his hand in my pocket.

mausigid (assim of *mavsigud) Vtr [Neutr: def mausig; hort and indef mausigid.
Correl: mausigid-k; immed: mausigid-ka-'i]: to grope for obj
ex: Pt o mausigidk o ta:tk! Grope for it until you feel it!

mausihim see Vintr mau = to put one's hand somewhere

mau see Vtr maup = to lock one's fingers with obj
mau see Vreflex 'e-maup = to lock one's own fingers together

mau (assim of *mav) Vintr sgs [Neutr: def and hort mau. Interr: maus[i]-him]: to put
one's hand somewhere (see also maup)
ex: voag 'e mau 'at. He put his hand in my pocket. --Pi g 'am hu mau! Don't put
your hand in there! -- voag 'e maushim 'a. I am groping in my pocket.-- Pi g 'am hu
maushid 'evoag 'e! Don't be groping in your pocket!

mauc (assim of *mavc) semi Stat intr sgs and sing: to have one's hand somewhere
ex: Mauc 'am 'evoag 'e. He has his hand in his pocket.

mauc (assim of *mavc) semi Stat tr sgo [Neutr: indef mauc. Dur: mauci-d]: to have
one's fingers locked to those of obj
ex: Pt o maucid! Hold him by the hand with your fingers locked to his!

mauc (assim of *mavc) semi Stat reflex sgs [Neutr: indef 'e-mauc. Dur: 'e-mauci-d]:
to have one's own fingers locked together

maup (assim of *mavp) Vtr Unit sgo [Neutr: def mau; hort maup[]; imper sgs
maupa-/maupi-]: to lock one's fingers with those of obj
ex: Pt o mau hega'i! Lock your fingers with his!
 27

maup/ ma'ihin

maup (assim of *mavp) Vreflex Unit sgs [Neutr: def 'e-mau; hort 'emaup[]]: to lock
one's own fingers together
ex: 'E-g-maup! Lock your fingers together!

mava Vintr Unit (for Repet see mavup) sgs and sing (for pls and mult see ma:mva)
[Neutr: def and hort mava. Correl: mava-k; immed: mava-ka-'i. Interr: mavu-him]: to put,
stick one's hand (somewhere)
ex: 'am haha mava g'ea 'ehuaom. then he put his hand inside his pouch. -- Pi g 'am
hu mava! Don't stick your hand in there! -- pi hei(< heai) 'ab hu o 'ab mava! ... let
no one put his hand on it/him!

mavid N indiv [pl: maipid/ mamvid]: mountain lion, puma, cougar

ex: Smu'ij g maipid 'aba'i. Mountain lions are numerous up there.

mavidag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-maipidag): to be full of mountain lions
in one location

mavup (assim of *mavap) Vintr Repet (for Unit see mava) sgs and sing (for pls and
mult see ma:mvup) [Neutr: indef mavup. Dur: mavupa-d]: to put, stick one's hand
somewhere repeatedly
ex: Pi 'ib(< 'ab) hu ha'icuk'ab mavup. She does not raise a finger (she never puts her
hand on anything).

may:da (Span: mayate) N aggreg: junebug (also called taivig or vainom-kolaa)

ma'i N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg ma'i-j); pl: ma'mai]: older sister's child (the
reciprocal terms are tatal and jisk)

ma'i vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu ma'mai]: to be somebody's one's older sister's child
ex: na pi u ma'maij hegam. because they were his nephews (hearsay).

ma'ickva Vtr [Neutr: def and hort ma'ickva]: to knock obj down by throwing
something at it
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) ma'ickva. I missed it (I didn't knock it down).

ma'ihi see Vtr ma'ihin = to hit obj by throwing something at it

ma'ihi see Vreflex 'e-ma'ihin = to hit against something when being thrown

ma'ihin Vtr [Neutr: def ma'ihi; hort ma'ihin]: to hit obj once (by throwing smth at it)
ex: Ma'ihi 'ant. I hit it. -- Cum 'alo 'opt(<'apt) ma'ihi. You almost hit him. --B(< 'ab) 'ant o
si mma'ihi hodaikaj. I'll hit you hard (with a stone).
 28

ma'ihin/ ma'ip

ma'ihin Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ma'ihi]: to hit, bump once against something (when
being thrown)
ex: B(< 'ab) 'at o 'o(<'e)ma'ihi. It will bump against (it). --t o 'ob(<'ab) hema 'ema'ihi.
one (of the gins tubes) might bump against (it). -- mat 'ab hu o hema 'ema'ihi g'aba'i
hega'i mant 'am o e:nc.one (of the gins tubes) which I will throw will bump against it.

ma'ihi Vtr [Neutr: indef ma'ihi. Dur: ma'ihia-d]: to hit obj reiteratedly (by throwing
something at it)

ma'ik[h]on Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ma'ikho]: to bounce once (when being thrown)
ex: 'Ema'ikho g bo:l. The ball bounced (once).

ma'ikka Vtr [Neutr: def ma'ikka; hort and indef ma'ikka. Dur: ma'ikkaa-d]: to throw
rocks at obj, to stone obj
ex: T o ma'ikka. I hear that they are going to stone him/her. --Pi g 'ab hu ma'ikka. Do
not throw rocks at him! --Ma'ikkaa! Throw rocks at it (a cow, to make it go away)! --
hohodai 'ab ulig 'ab 'ab ma'ikkac. They continually throw rocks at him, stoning him
continually.

ma'ikko Vreflex [Neutr: indef 'ema'ikko. Dur: 'e-ma'ikkoa-d. Interr: 'e-ma'ikkoa-

him]: to bounce several times (when being thrown)
ex: 'i a(<va) 'i eidok 'am 'agp ab 'ema'ikkoahimk g hu jiva. It is said that after he
(Corn) saw it, he just bounced down hill and got there.

ma'i see Vtr ma'ip = to cover obj

ma'i see Vreflex 'e-ma'ip = to cover oneself with a single cover

ma'ic semi Stat tr sing [Neutr: indef ma'ic. Dur: ma'ici-d]: to have a cover on obj
ex: Pt o ma'icid g va'ig! Keep the water container covered!

ma'ic semi Stat reflex sing (for mult see 'e-ma'maic) [Neutr: indef 'e-ma'ic. Dur:
'e-ma'icid]: to use (something) as a cover for oneself
ex: Pilsakaj 'ema'ic. He uses a blanket to cover himself.

ma'ip Vtr Unit (for Repet see ma'iap) sgo (for plo see ma'maip) [Neutr: def
ma'i; hort ma'ip[]]: to cover obj
ex: M g ma'ip g 'ehido! Put the lid on your cooking pot! --N g ma'ip g 'eki:! Put a a
roof (cover) on your house!

ma'ip Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-ma'maip) [Neutr: def 'e-ma'i; hort 'e-ma'ip[]]:
to cover oneself (with a single cover)
 29

ma'ipa/ ma'main

ma'ipa N inalien sing: single act of covering one thing

ex: T nato g 'ema'ipa. They were through covering it (the pit for baking the cholla).

ma'ipaad Vtr sing [Neutr: def and hort ma'ipaad]: to put a permanent cover on obj
ex: Nt o ma'ipaad g ki:. I'll put a roof on the house.

ma'ipaag in ha'icu ma'ipaag NExpr: cover on something

hidoaku-ma'ipaag NComp: cooking pot lid
ki:-ma'i-paag NComp: roof
vo'iku-ma'ipaag NComp: bed spread

ma'ipapi'ok Vtr sing [Neutr: def ma'ipapi'o; hort ma'ipapi'ok]: to remove its
permanent cover from obj

ma'ipid Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def ma'ip; hort ma'ipid]: to cover obj for somebody
ex: Nant 'an o mma'ip g hido? Shall I put the lid on the cooking pot for you? --N(< 'an)
g ma'ipid g hido! Put the lid on the cooking pot for me!

ma'ipi'ok Vtr sgo [Neutr: def ma'ipi'o; hort ma'ipi'ok]: to take cover off obj

ma'ipi'okid Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def ma'ipi'ok; hort ma'ipi'okid]: to uncover, take
cover off obj for somebody

ma'ip[] Stat sgs [pls: ma'maip[]]: to be covered

ex: No 'om(<'am) a ma'ip g hidoaku? Is the lid on the pot (has the pot been covered
all along)?

Ma'ip[] Vavhai NExpr[loc: Ma'ip Vavhai 'ab]: name of a village, Covered Wells
(also called Jevak)

ma'iap Vtr Repet (for Unit see ma'ip) sgo [Neutr: indef ma'iap. Dur: ma'iapa-
d]: to cover obj repeatedly
ex: Nap ma'iap? Do you always cover it?

ma'mai see N ma'i = older sister's child

ma'maim 'e- N: a pair consisting of either a tatal (mother's younger brother) or a jisk`
(mother's younger sister) and their ma'i (older sister's child)

ma'main see N main = sleeping mat

 30

ma'maic/ ma:c

ma'maic semi Stat reflex (mult (for sing see 'e-ma'ic): to use something as a cover
for oneself
ex: Pipilsakaj 'ema'maic. Each one of them uses a blanket to cover himself.

ma'maip Vtr Unit plo (for sgo see ma'ip) [Neutr: def ma'mai; hort ma'maip[]]: to
cover obj

ma'maip Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-ma'ip) [Neutr: def 'e-ma'mai; hort 'e-
ma'maip[]]: to cover oneselves (with several covers)
ex: Ge 'ema'mai 'am 'i sje:jenamk. Each one of them covered himself (unexpectedly)
when they wanted to smoke.

ma'maisp[] see Stat ma'ip[] = to be covered

ma:-

ma: see Vdtr ma:k- = to give obj to somebody

ma: see Vreflex tr 'e-ma:k- = to give obj to each other

ma:c Vtr [Neutr: def mai; hort ma:c; sgs ma:ci-. Correl: ma:c[]-k; immed: ma:c[]-ka-
'i. Compl: ma:c-ok; immed: ma:c-oka-'i]: to learn something, to find out about somebody
ex: Nt o mai. I'll learn it. -- Nt o ho(<ha)mai. I'll learn them. -- T hea'i mu'i vo
ho(<ha)mai 'idam e'ei, vo skeg e'ic g 'e'e'es. He who will learn many of my songs,
will successfully sing for his crops. --Mai 'ant hega'i e'i. I know (learned) that song. --
ia c 'am 'i ma:ck g hu hi: 'u:pam. Well, and having found out about him, he went back
home. -- Nat voho pi ha'icu o ma:cok hab o tjuk 'im hu o hihi. Maybe we'll learn
something and after that we'll go there.

ma:c Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-mai]: to learn (something involving oneself)

ex: Nt o a(<va) mai mant has masma hab o nju:. I'll learn how to do it. -- k ababa vo
'o(<'e)mai 'am 'i hihimk.but they will learn (their way) by going there.

ma:c s-Vtr [Neutr: def s-mai. Correl: s-ma:c[]-k; immed: s-ma:c[]-ka-'i. Compl: s-
ma:c-ok; immed: s-ma:c-oka-'i]: to find out about obj
ex: Tp ababa 'am a(<va) shamai hega'i 'oks. However, she had already found out about
them, that woman. -- Tp 'ea 'am a(<va) shamai g uv. Meanwhile, Buzzard had already
found out about them. -- Nt o shamai 'ab m'amje hegam. I'll find out about them from
you. -- Kutp 'am 'i shamai mat si ko:k. She found out that they were fast asleep. -- Kumt o
smai mantk va mua. You(pl) will find out that I have killed him. --M 'ant o smai mas
 31

ma:c
has 'e'a'aga 'i:da'a. I want to find out what this is called. -- ia kutt heg 'am sma:ck hekaj
heg 'i vo 'em'a:g. Well, that is what we have found out in order to tell you(pl). -- 'Att o
sma:cok haha vo hihi. We'll find out about it and then we'll go.

ma:c s-Vreflex [Neutr: def s-'e-mai. Correl: s-'e-ma:c[]-k; immed: s-'e-ma:c[]-ka-'i]: to

find out something involving oneself
ex: Nt o a(<va) smai mant has masma 'am o jiva. I'll find out how to get there. -- Kut
'im hi a(<va) hihi pi 'i(<'e)ma:ck hegam. They left without knowing (having found out)
their way. -- Pi 'imt(<'amt) voho heba'i s'ema:ck o hihi. You(pl) will go without having
found out your way. --g hevel si s'ema:ck 'i me:. the wind knowing its way blew.
-- c 'ea hab cu'ig maptp pi voho heba'i has s'ema:ck o jiva 'aba'i. and it seems that
you don't really know how to get up there.

ma:c s- Stat tr [Neutr: indef s-ma:c; def s-ma:c=k. Dur: s-ma:c=ka-d. Interr: s-ma:c=ka-
him]: to know, recognize obj
ex: Mac ha'icu neidc g sma:c mo hascu u(<vu). As we see something we know what it
is. --Ptp hu 'i sma:c? Do you(sg) know him by any chance? -- Nap sma:c hega'i? Do
you(sg) know him? --Nam sma:c hega'i? Do you(pl) know him? -- Sma:c 'a hega'i. I
know him. --Sha-'a-ma:c hegam. I know them. --Pi 'i(<'a) ma:c. I don't know about
him/it. -- Pi 'i(<'a) hama:c. I don't know them. --Hek 'a hu sma:c. I knew it
beforehand (that it would happen). -- ia pt 'am ab o sma:ck. Well, you'll recognize
me. --Hema 'at 'am o 'a: mat o si sma:ck. Someone will tell it (the story) who really
knows it --Kut o a(<va) sma:ckad g hemajkam. The people will be recognizing me. --
Kut g hemajkam 'am o eidk o sma:ckad. The people will see me and recognize me. --
Pi 'i(<'a) a 'i hama:c mas koko. I don't know whether they are sick. -- Pi 'o a 'i ma:c
mans mumku. He does not know whether I am sick. -- Hek hu sma:c ma has kaij. He
already knows what I am saying. -- Ku 'i'aji hu 'am a(<va) shama:c mo has 'i kaij.
From here I have known all along what they say. -- Kutp hi a(<va) pi hama:c hega'i
viapo'ogel mas hascu 'a:gc 'am 'ehehemapad 'ama'i hegam 'o'odham. He did not quite
know, that boy, why the men kept gathering there. -- vo sma:ckad ma u 'a:i'i.
you will know that it's me. -- Cum 'a sma:ckahim. I used to know him/it.

ma:c s- Stat reflex: to be knowledgeable

ex: Pi 'i(<'a) a 'i ma:c. I don't know anything. ... matp 'am hab haha ju: hega'i matp
has 'i masma s'ema:c. ... then she did it as well as she knew how. -- 'An si vu: matp has 'i
masma s'ema:c. He tied it as firmly as he could (knew how). -- Nap 'am a(<va) s'ema:c
mapt has masma 'am o jiva 'ama'i? Do you(sg) know how to get there? -- Nam 'am a(<va)
s'ema:c mamt has masma 'am o dada? Do you(pl) know how to get there? -- M(<'am)
a(<va) s'ema:c mat has o 'o(<'e)ju:. He knows what to do. -- c ab 'am 'i pi 'i(<'e)ma:c
mas has o 'o(<'e)ju:, hebi(<heba'i) o himk o jiva 'ama'i. and he does not know what to
do, which way to go in order to get there. --'A:cim pi tma:c mats has masma 'am o 'i
hihimhimk o 'ai g tki:. We do not know how we will manage to reach our house on foot. -
- M 'at hekid g hemajkam o si naumk pi 'i(<'e)ma:c mo has 'i 'i(<'e)vua. When a person is
drunk, he does not know what he is doing.
 32

ma:c/ ma:cimk

ma:c s- Stat reflex sgs [pls: s-'e-mamc]: to be smart, expert (same as s-cu-'am[]cud)
ex: S'e-'o-ma:c. He is smart. -- S'e-'ep(<'ap)-ma:c. You(sg) are smart. --S'e-'o-ma:c ha'icu
cikpant'ab. He is an expert worker --S'e-'o-ma:c 'am 'emacamdag 'e. He is a smart
learner (in his learning process). --S'e-'o-ma:c 'ab da:gt'ab. He is an expert wrestler. --
'I:da'a 'o'odham s'ema:c 'ab da:gt'ab. This fellow is expert at wrestling. -- a 'i s'ema:c g
ma:kai. The medicine man is smart. --a 'i s'emamc g mamakai. Medicine men are smart.

ma:c s-cu- Stat Expr sgs [pls: s-cu-mamc]: to be learned/ knowledgeable

ex: Heg 'o scuma:c/ ha'icu sma:c. He is learned.

ma:cig N inalien [1st pers sg: -ma:cig; 3rd pers sg: ma:ciga-j]: acquaintance, someone
one knows

ma:cig vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's acquaintance, someone one knows

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) ma:cig. I know him (he is my acquaintance).

ma:cig N in ha'icu ma:cig NExpr inalien [3rd pers sg ha'icu ma:ciga-j]: knowledge,
power

ma:cim s-'e- N subst sg [pl: s-'e-mamcim]: one with knowledge, expert

ex: ..ha'akia 'i hemajkam s'emamcim 'i hab cum 'evua. ..lots of expert players (people) try
in vain (to beat me at that game).-- ..no pi u si s'ema:cim ma:kai g 'I'itoi. ..because he is
a very smart medicine man, 'I'itoi.

ma:cim vu s-'e Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-'e-mamcim]: to be an expert

ex:... natp pi hab u a(<va) 'ep si s'ema:cim hega'i viappoi. ... because he might also
be extremely knowledgeable, that boy. -- D(<vu) 'apt o si s'ema:cimk. You will be
extremely knowledgeable.

ma:cim s-cu- NExpr subst sg [pl: s-cu-mamcim]: learned, knowledgeable one

ex: Vu si ha'icu sma:cim/ scuma:cim ma:kai hega'i. He is a very learned medicine man.

ma:cim vu s-cu- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-cu-mamcim]: to be learned, knowledgeable

ma:cim s- V subst tr: to wish to learn, find out, about obj

ex: Cum 'a sma:cim hega'i e'i. I'd like to learn that song. -- Cum 'a sma:cim hega'i
mnavoj. I'd like to know your friend. --Nap sma:cim? Do you wish to learn it? -- T o
sma:cim. He'll wish to learn it. -- a:cu 'upt(<'apt) sma:cimk 'am hi:? What did you wish
to learn by going there?

ma:cimk s- Stat tr [Neutr: indef s-ma:cimk]: to want to learn, find out about obj
ex: Nap sma:cimk 'i:da'a e'i? Do you want to learn this song?
 33

ma:culid/ ma:hagam-

ma:culid Vdtr [Neutr: def ma:cul; hort ma:culid; imper sgs ma:culida-]: to let
somebody know about obj
ex: Nt o a(<va) mma:cul. I'll let you(sg) know about it.

ma:d Part: one (used only when counting)

ma:gina (Span: maquina) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg ma:gina-j; loc: ma:gina-t-'ab,
ma:gina-c'e; instr: ma:gina-kaj); pl: mamagina; distr: mammagina]: car, machine
ex: Mo 'ob(<'ab) 'ab 'ehuhhag g hemajkam. (a car is) that in which people are
hauled. -- Smu'ij g mamagina 'ama'i. There are numerous cars down there. -- Nam ha'u''a
g 'emamagina/ 'emammagina? Does each one of you have his car? --Nt ab g ma:ginakaj
o o:o. I'll just sew the seams (of it) by machine.-- B(<'ab) g 'i ge: ma:ginakaj 'ab vaika
gahi! Cross (coming this way) the ditch with the car --Ma:ginat'ab 'emua. He got killed in
an automobile accident (in a car).
cikpanaku-ma:gina NComp inalien indiv [pl: cikpanaku-mamagina]: work car
iokdam-ma:gina NComp inalien indiv: radio set
pasamaku-ma:gina NComp inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: pasamaku-ma:gina-j;
loc: pasamaku-ma:gina-c-'e; instr: pasamaku-ma:gina-kaj); pl: pasamaku-
mamagina]: passenger car
o:omdam-ma:gina NComp inalien indiv: sewing machine (same as o:omaku)

ma:ginakam N subst sing and sg: car owner (one with a car)

ma:gina-kanjul NComp(?) indiv [pl: ma:gina-kakanjul]: car light

ma:gina-la:mba NComp(?) indiv [ pl: ma:gina-lalamba ]: car light (same as ma:gina-

kanjul)

ma:gina-u:k NComp inalien aggreg: a set of tires (for one car)

ex: Pi g 'ab hu cu'akan g ma:gina-u:k! Don't puncture my tire(s)!

ma:hag N inalien: hand (including palm and fingers)

ta-ma:hag NComp aggreg: blue lupine (the leaves look like hands extended toward
the sun)

ma:hagam N alien aggreg: fan palm tree (also called ma:hagam-'u:s)

ma:hagamag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of fan palm trees in one location

ma:hagam-'u:s NComp alien indiv [sg (loc: ma:hagam-'u:s-t-'ab); pl: ma:hagam-

'u'us]: fan palm tree (also called ma:hagam)
ex: Hegam ma:hagam-'u'us pi 'i hu vuhak 'i:ya'a. Fan palm trees do not grow here.
 34

ma:k/ ma:kai

ma:k Vdtr Unit (for Repet see mamka) [Neutr: def ma:; indef ma:k; imper sgs ma:ka-
/ ma:ki-; pls ma:k-o; hort ma:k. Dur: ma:ka-d. Interr: ma:k[i]-him. Compl: ma:ki-ok;
immed ma:ki-oka-'i]: to give obj to somebody
ex: Mat ha'icu 'ab o tma:, mac hab 'a'aga "ma:". When one gave us something that is what
we mean by "he gave it to him". --Nt o 'ea hiktpank o ho(<ha)ma: hegam. I'll cut it (one
cake) in half and will give them the other half. --Ha'i vo 'i ma:! Give me a few!
--Vo tma: hegam! Give them to us! --Nt o go:k mma: g 'o'ohon. I'll give you(sg) two
books. -- Nt o ha'i hama: g 'o'ohon. I'll give them a few books. --cum 'as he'ekia
snamkig ha'icu vo 'emma: k o sha'u'im hegam 'emooiga. no matter the value of what
they give you(pl) in exchange for (wishing to get) your pets. --'Am o ho(<ha)ma: g
'eje'e, t 'am o 'emhidol. Give them to your mother, she will cook them for you(pl).
-- Pt o ma:, nt o mhidol. Give it to me, I'll cook it for you(sg)! -- 'I ma:k! Give it to
me! --Pi g 'ab hu 'i ma:k! Don't give it to me! -- Pi g 'ab hu 'i tma:k! Don't give it to
us! --Pi g 'am hama:k! Don't give it to them! --Nt o 'i hama:khi g lu:lsi. I'll distribute
candy to them (give with interruptions). -- Nt o 'ip 'am ma:kiok. Let me give it to him
first (and then I'll do whatever you want me to do). -- 'A 'emma:k g tonlig. I give you(pl)
light (says the sun).

ma:k Vreflex tr Unit (for Repet see 'e-mamka) [Neutr: def 'e-ma:; indef 'e-ma:k.
Interr: 'e-ma:k[i]-him]: to share obj among each other, to give each other a piece of obj
ex: Tt o hiktp 'i:da'a k o tma:. We'll cut this (a cake) and share it (give a piece of it to each
of us). -- 'an o 'ema:khimk 'ab o himk himk 'ab o 'a'ahe. as they pass it (the cigarette)
around among themselves, it will come closer and closer to her and finally will reach her.
-- 'an haha 'al 'i 'ema:khi. then they started distributing it (the meat) among
themselves. -- c 'an 'ema:k hega'i cu:kug. and they share that meat among
themselves. --'in ab a (<va) 'ema:kc pi 'ib(<'ab) hu 'o a 'i hahuavag. they just
share pieces of it (the meat) among themselves without paying any attention to them.

ma:k Vreflex tr [Neutr: def 'e-ma:]: to be given obj

ex: Kut g 'ali o 'o(<'e)ma: g ce:gig. The child will be given a name.

ma:kai N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers pl: ha-ma:kai=ga); pl: mamakai]: medicine man
jevu-ma:kai NComp indiv: land surveyor (land doctor)
Siva-Ma:kai NComp(?): name of a mythological character
ta:tam-ma:kai NComp indiv: dentist (tooth doctor)
vu:pui-ma:kai NComp indiv: optometrist (eye doctor)
'uv-ma:kai NComp sg: medicine woman (lady doctor)

ma:kai vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu mamakai]: to be a medicine man

ex: K hascukaj u ma:kai? What is his specialty (what kind of doctor is he)? -- K has
ma:s u ma:kai? What is he like as a doctor? --Begi k ababa 'ea hega'i 'o:gaj u si
s'ema:cim ma:kai. But her father was a very smart medicine man.
 35

ma:kaicud/ ma:m

ma:kaicud Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-ma:kaic; hort 'e-ma:kaicud]: to become a

medicine man, a doctor

ma:kaiga Stat sing: to have a medicine man, a doctor

ma:kais Stat tr sgs: to be given to obj

ex: Ta 'o tma:kais. The sun is given to us.

ma:kait Vtr sgo [Neutr: def and hort ma:kait]: to teach obj the secrets of curing

ma:kiag N inalien[1st pers sg ma:kiag]: present to, for somebody

Jio-ma:kiag NComp: present to God
Juan-ma:kiag NComp present to Juan

ma:kiag vu Stat Expr: to be a present to somebody

ex: D(<vu) 'o b(<vab) ma:kiag. It's just a present to me.
Jio-ma:kiag vu Stat Expr: to be a gift to God
ex: D(<vu) 'o Jio-ma:kiag. It's a gift to God.
Juan-ma:kiag vu Stat Expr: to be a gift to Juan
ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) Juan-ma:kiag. This is a present to Juan.

ma:kigag N inalien[1st perssg ma:kigag]: present from somebody

Jio-ma:kigag NComp: a gift from God

ma:kigag vu Stat Expr: to be a present from somebody

ex: D(<vu) 'o ma:kigag. It's a present from me.
Jio-ma:kigag vu Stat Expr: to be a present from God
ex: 'I:da'a na:nko ma:s 'i'idag 'o (<vu) Jio-ma:kigag. These various types
of drink are a gift from God.
Juan-ma:kigag vu Stat Expr: to be a present from Juan
ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) Juan-ma:kigag. This is a present from Juan.

ma:kim s- V subst dtr: to wish to give obj to somebody

ex: matp hascu 'i cum shama:kim. they were willing to give them anything.

ma:ltis (Span: martes): Tuesday

ex: Vaik ta 'ab 'amje g Domig. (Tuesday is) the third day after Sunday.

ma:m N inalien [1st pers sg: ma:m]: father (term used by a child to address or refer to
his father and his father's older brother when the latter belong to the Ma:mgam sib of the
Buzzard moiety)
 36

ma:ma/ ma:mag

ma:ma see N ma = child (woman speaking)

ma:ma see Stat ma = to have a child
ma:ma see Stat Expr vu ma = to be somebody's child

ma:ma in ha:l-ma:ma NComp alien aggreg: zucchini squash

ma:ma in hu:-ma:ma NComp alien aggreg: ear of corn

ma:m[a]am in 'e-N: a couple consisting of a child and his/her mother

ma:m[a]am vu Stat Expr: to be the mother of several children (same as vu

ma:makam)
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) ma:maam. She is the mother of several children.

ma:makam vu Stat Expr: to be the mother of several children (same as vu

ma:maam)
ex: D(<vu) 'a ma:makam. I am the mother of several children.

ma:mapig Vtr mult (for sing see mapig) [Neutr: def ma:map; hort ma:mapig]:
to remove ears off the the corn stalk, squash or cantaloupe off the plant
ex: Vo ma:map g hu:! Remove the ears off the corn (stalk)!

ma:mat Vintr mult (for sing see mat): to give birth to children, offsprings
ex: Pi ha ma:mat. She/they do not have any children. -- Gogs 'atk ma:mat. The dog
had a litter of puppies.

ma:mat Vintr [Neutr: def ma:mat. Interr: ma:mata-him]: to get ears (corn), to get
fruit (squash and cantaloupe)
ex: Pi ha ma:mat g hu:. The corn did not get any ears. --Tk o ma:mat g hu:. The
corn is going to get ears. --Tk o ma:mat g ha:l. The squash is going to get fruit.

Ma:mgam N subst aggreg [distr: Mammagam]: one belonging to a sib of the Buzzard
moiety (affiliation to the group is carried through the males)

ma:m keli NExpr inalien: paternal uncle (father's older brother; the reciprocal terms are
'al-ge'el, 'alidag or 'ali)

ma:m N aggreg: castor beans (the plant and the fruit)

ma:mag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of castor beans in one location

 37

ma:mva/ ma:s

ma:mva Vintr Unit (for Repet see ma:mvup) pls and mult (for sgs and sing see
mava) [Neutr: def and hort ma:mva]: to put, stick one's hand(s) somewhere
ex: Pi g o 'om(<'am) hu ma:mva! Don't stick your(pl) hands in there!

ma:mvup Vintr Repet (for Unit see ma:mva) pls and mult (for sgs and sing see
mavup) [Neutr: indef ma:mvup. Dur: ma:mvupa-d]: to put, stick one's hands
(somewhere) repeatedly

ma:m 'oks NExpr inalien: paternal aunt (father's older sister; the reciprocal terms are
'al-ge'el, ma or cu:cu)

ma:iko N subst sg [pl: mamaiko]: a lame one (either a person or a horse; also called
cu:lakim)

ma:ikog Stat sgs [pls: mamanikog]: to be lame, to be stiff jointed

ma:ikot Vintr sgs [Neutr: def ma:ikot. Interr: ma:ikota-him]: to become lame, stiff
jointed
ex: Ma:ikot 'ant. I have become lame. --Ma:ikotahim 'a. I am getting lame.

ma:s hab/has Mod Expr sg [pl: hab/has mams]: with hab: looking a certain (specified)
way, a certain (specified) kind of; with has: looking a certain (unspecified or strange)
way, a certain (unspecified or strange) kind of
ex:no pi s'e:bid g jiavul g hab ma:s ki:....because the devil fears such a house (church).
--has ma:s 'u:s on 'ab kupal ka:c. at the foot of some kind of tree he lies prone. -- K
has ma:s u ma:kai? What is he like as a doctor? --K has mams u mamakai? What are
they like as doctors? --K has ma:s u hemajkam? What kind of a person is he? --B(<hab)
'o ma:s u hamajkam. That's the kind of person he is. -- K has ma:s je:j 'i:da'a? What kind
of a tree does this grow on (of a fruit)? --a: 'o ma:s 'ikus? What kind of a poncho does he
have? --a: 'o ma:s u 'o'odham? What kind of a fellow is he? --a: 'o mams u
'o'odham? What kind of fellows are they? -- a: 'o ma:s u 'u:s 'i:da'a? What kind of a tree
is this? --a: 'o ma:s ceposig hega'i haiva? What kind of a brand does that cow have? --
a:p ma:s ceposig? What kind of a brand do you have? --a:p ma:s bidpaku hekaj?
What kind of a paint are you using?
na:nko ma:s Adj Expr: various
ex: Na:nko ma:s mamagina 'am 'egaga. Various vehicles (cars, trucks) are being
sold there. --na:nko ma:s ha'icu 'i 'a'an= various feathers (of different kinds).-- na:nko
ma:s 'i'idag= various drinks
na:nko ma:s 'i Adj Expr: different varieties of
ex: na:nko ma:s 'i 'u'us= different varieties of trees -- nat pi 'an a(<va) hemajkamag,
na:nko ma:s 'i hemajkam. because there are people around of different races
(different kinds of people).
 38

ma:s

na:nko 'i mams. Adj Expr: all kinds of

ex: na:nko 'i mams mamagina: all kinds of vehicles -- na:nko 'i mams 'u'us= all
kinds of trees

ma:s hab/has Stat Expr sgs [pls: hab/has mams]: with hab: to look a certain (specified)
way; with has: to look a certain (unspecified or strange) way
ex: B(<hab) 'o ma:s mat hema u o si mumkudamk. She looks like someone who is a
very sick person. -- hab ma:s mat heba'i 'u'uvhig-nonha hab o ma:sk. it looks like a
bird egg does (like a bird egg somewhere will look). --...c hab cum a ma:s mo g cuku.
and it looks almost like an owl.--B(<hab) ge ma:s mo (<vu) ab hohodai. They look
as if they were just stones. --B(<hab) 'o hi ab cu'ig m'ab hab ma:s. His appearance (of
the horse) is deceptive (he only seems to be the way he looks on him). -- K has ma:s?
What does it/he look like? -- K has mams? What do they look like? --K has ma:s g hu:,
no ge ce'ecevaj? What does corn (the plant) look like, is it tall? -- mo hob(<hab) ma:s
g hahimdag. according to their custom (which is the way their custom looks). -- c
'ida hab masma g hu ab 'i 'amje hab ma:s 'i:da'a. and this is the way this has
looked ever since the very beginning (of time). -- Kus hu g 'ali hab ma:sc o ge:g? How
could a kid (like you) beat me? -- 'I:! Kus voho hebi(<heba'i) o 'i 'u'apak hab ma:s!
Mmm! How could he (the horse) possibly take me anywhere the way he looks! -- Ku si
has ma:s hega'i 'ali. The child looked (hearsay) very strange.
gavul (hab/has) ma:s Stat Expr sgs: to look different (from something else)
ex: Haha'asij a(<va) mo g gogs, baba hi a gavul ma:s. They (coyotes) are the size
of a dog, but look somewhat different.
na:nko mams Stat Expr pls: to be varied in looks
ex: Na:nko mams g mamagina. There are various models of cars (cars are varied
in looks, appearance).
skeg (hab/has) ma:s Stat Expr sgs: to look beautiful, handsome
ex: Skeg 'ap hab ma:s! You(sg) look beautiful! -- heghekaj skeg has ma:s.
with that (feathers on their heads) they look handsome
s-ta-'e:bidam (hab/has) ma:s Stat Expr sgs: to look frightening
ex: Sta-'a(<'o)-'e:bidam has ma:s. He looks frightening (in an unspecified way).
s-vinma (hab/has) ma:s s-Stat Expr sgs: to look sturdy
ex: Pi a 'i vinma ma:s. It does not look sturdy at all.
s-'ap (hab/has) ma:s Stat Expr sgs: to look good
ex: Na 'am a(<va) s'ap hab ma:s? Do I look good this way? --S'ap 'ap hab ma:s.
You look fine this way.
s-'ap s-ta-himma ma:s Stat Expr sgs: to look passable
ex: Pi 'im(< 'am) hu heba'i 'ap a 'i tahimma ma:s. Nowhere does it look passable.
o'ig (hab/has) ma:s Stat Expr sgs: to look sad, miserable
ex: o'ig 'ap ma:s cum hekid. You look sad all the time. --mo hob(< hab) masma si
o'ig ma:sc 'an ka:c g tjevuga. (you know) how very poor our expanse of land
looks (very poorly it looks as it is lying).
 39

ma:s/ ma:si

vepo ma:s Stat Expr sgs: to look alike, similar to obj

ex: vepo 'o ma:s. He looks like me. --Vepo 'o ma:s. He looks like him. --Tvepo 'o
mams. They look like us. -- Vepo ma:s mo g ha'icu kai. It looks like seeds. --Heg
vepo ma:s mo g ha'icu vi:gig. That looks like fluff. -- 'I:da'a sigal 'o vepo ma:s mo
hega'i. This cigarette looks like that one
'e-vepo ma:s Stat Expr sgs: to look the same (as oneself), identical
ex: Pi heba'i 'evepo ma:s 'i:da'a je:gida. This story does not look the same
everywhere.
'e-vepo/ve'epo mams Stat Expr pls: to look alike, like each other
ex: No 'om(<'am) a(<va) 'evepo mams? Do they look alike? --M(<'am) 'u(<'o) a(<
va) 'evepo mams. They look alike. -- Hegam 'eveponkam 'evepo /'eve'epo mams.
Those siblings look alike.

ma:s Stat tr: to show (of footprints)

ex: 'In ab 'i hama:s matk 'in bi:bij. Their tracks show that they went by here. --'An 'o
ma:s mok 'an him 'as hekid 'i. These are his tracks, showing that he has been
walking around here, sometime ago. -- 'Id 'i (<vu) m'i a(<va) ma:s. It's him who has his
footprints right here.--'Id 'o hega'ic 'i a(< va) ma:s. It's him and here are his
footprints. --Hema ma:s g 'o'odham. Those are the footprints of a man. --Ha'i hama:s g
'o'odham. Those are the footprints of some men (walking together). --N(<'an) 'o hema
ma:s g kavyu. Those are the tracks of a horse. ... mo hemu 'ida 'an ma:s hega'i Ho'ok
'aba'i. the footprints of that Ho'ok are to this day visible up there. --matp 'am hi a(<
va) ma:s vo'ot'am. whose tracks are visible at the charco. -- b(<vab) 'am a(<va) 'i
hugk 'am ma:s ki: ve:gaj.her tracks stopped (abruptly) in back of the house.

ma:s s- Stat sgs [Neutr: indef s-ma:s; indef s-ma:s=k. Dur: s-ma:s=ka-d. Interr: s-
ma:s=ka-him]: to be visible
ex: B(<'ab) 'ap ab sma:s. You(sg) are visible.--B(<'ab) 'ap ab ge ma:s. You are visible
(when you should not be there). --To:mog sma:s tohohiabid. The Milky Way is visible
in summer. -- 'am ab 'i sma:s g hana:daku. their fireplace was still visible there. --
k 'i a(<va) 'a:gid g Jevu-Ma:kai mat ha'icu vo nato t o sma:sk 'i:da'a jevu. and
they tell the Earth Doctor to do something so that there will be light on earth.

ma:s see Vintr ma:si = to be born, to hatch, be hatched

ma:si Vintr [Neutr: def ma:si. Correl: ma:si-k; immed: ma:si-ka-'i. Interr: ma:si-him]: to
get to be light
ex: T o si'ak o ma:si. After daybreak it will get light. -- ia ge 'et(<'at) cuhug ju:k ju:k
ma:si. Well, all night long it rained and rained until the next morning (until it got light).--
Kut himk ma:si matp 'i ceajihim g ta. After a while it got light when the sun was rising.
--Ma:si 'it(<'at). It has gotten light. --Koi 'at ma:si. It had not gotten light yet. -- Kutp
hems o ma:si. Maybe it will have gotten light (by that time).--Himk ma:si. After a while
 40

ma:si/ ma:sidag
it got light. --Ma:sihim 'o. It's getting light. --Va:mgi, ma:sihim 'o! Get up, it's getting
light! -- mat hekid o 'i ma:sihi. when it is getting light.
gm hu ba'ic 'i ma:si VExpr intr: to be the day after tomorrow
ex: Nt o mei gm hu ba'ic 'ep o 'i ma:si. I'll see you the day after tomorrow
'ab 'i ma:sihi Interr: at dawn
ex: iac hekaj 'am 'ep ko:kk 'ab 'i ma:sihi. Well, and therefore once more they
slept there until dawn. -- mat 'ab o 'i ma:sihi pt 'am o me:! At dawn, you will run
down there! -- c 'ab o 'i ma:sihi tt o hihi!. and at dawn we will go!
['am] 'i ma:si VExpr intr: right after dawn (but before sunrise)
ex: ia tp 'am 'i ko:kahimc 'am 'i ma:si. Well, and he slept there until right after
dawn.--ia k 'am haha 'i ma:si tp 'am hi:. Well, then right after dawn he left. --
ia k 'i ma:si matp dada gm hu. Well, and it was right after dawn when they got
there. -- 'I ma:si tp 'am 'ep hihi. Right after dawn they left again.

ma:si Vintr sgs (for pls see mamsi) [Neutr: def ma:si. Interr: ma:si-him]: to become
visible, to appear, to show
ex: 'Ab 'i 'ep ma:sihim. It is beginning to show again (such as a spot).
vepo ma:si VExpr sgs: to become/ get to look like obj

ma:si Vintr sgs (for pls see mamsi) [Neutr: def ma:s[i]. Correl: ma:si-k; immed: ma:si-
ka-'i: Interr: ma:si-him]: to be born, to hatch, be hatched
ex: Pt hekid 'i ma:si/ ma:s? When were you(sg) born? --T hekid o 'i ma:si? When is he
due to be born? -- Ba:t ma:si/ ma:s hega'i? Where was he born? --Ma:si 'itk(<'atk) g
cucul. A chick has hatched.

ma:sid Vtr sgo (for plo see mamsid) [Neutr: def and indef ma:sid]: to hatch obj

ma:sid Vtr sgo (for plo see mamsid) [Neutr: def and hort ma:sid]: to dye obj (a certain
color)
ex: Smuhaagim 'ant o ma:sid. I'll dye it brown. --Nt o scukama ma:sid. I'll dye it black.

ma:sid Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-mamsid) [Neutr: def 'e-ma:sid. Interr: 'e-ma:sida-
him]: to appear, to become visible, to make 'oneself visible
ex: Kut haha 'ab 'i 'ema:sid g Ba'ag. Then, the Eagle appeared. -- Ga hu 'i vu: g do'ag
m'am hab 'i 'ema:sid ga hu. Over there rose the mountain where it had become visible. --
Gami(<gamai) hu 'i pi 'ema:sid hega'i Ba'ag. The Eagle disappeared in the distance. --
Gamai hu pi 'i(<'e)ma:sidahim. He is disappearing in the distance.

ma:sidacud Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def ma:sidac; hort ma:sidacud]: to dye obj for somebody

ma:sidag N: dawn, daylight

ex:'ab ab 'i cum ton g ma:sidag. as soon as daylight began to shine.
 41

ma:sidag/ ma:ot

ma:sidag N inalien: one's birth (same as ma:sig)

ma:sidag-tapial NComp alien [3rd pers sg: ma:sidag-tapial=ga-j]: birth certificate

ma:sidag-ta NComp inalien: birthday

ma:sidaku N: a dye (that which is used to dye something with)

ma:sig N: dawn, day

ba'ic 'i ['ep] ma:sig NExpr: two days later/ from now (the morning after next one)
ex: ia k 'am hab 'e'i: g navait ba'ic 'i ma:sig. Well, and the wine was drunk two days
later. --ia tp 'am hab 'ep hihi ba'ic 'i ma:sig. Well, they left again two days later.
heg 'i ma:sig NExpr: the next morning
ex: heg 'i ma:sig o dada 'am 'eki: 'ama'i. the next morning they will get to their home.

ma:sig N inalien [3rd pers sg: ma:siga-j]: birth, birthday (same as ma:sidag)
ex: ma:sig 'at 'e'ai 'id 'i takaj. It's my birthday today.

ma:sig tapial NExpr [3rd pers sg: ma:siga-j tapial]: birth certificat

ma:sig 'o'ohon NExpr [3rd pers sg: ma:siga-j 'o'ohon]: birth certificate

ma:sijid Vintr [Neutr: def ma:sij; hort and indef ma:sijid. Correl: ma:sijid-k; immed:
ma:sijid-ka-'i]: to stay or do something somewhere until daybreak, dawn, daylight
ex: 'I 'att o a(<va) 'i ma:sij. We'll stay here until daybreak. --Gm hu ge cuhug ei k 'am si
ma:sij. All night long they sang until it was bright daylight.--ia k 'ab 'i ma:sijidk 'amje
'i hihi 'u:pam. Well, and after they had stayed there until daylight, they went back (to
where they had come from).

ma:sikam N subst sg: one who is born

ex: g ve:peg ma:sikam: the first born

ma:sk in 'I'itoi Ma:sk NExpr: name of a place (Where 'I'itoi's Footprints Are Visible;
according to the legend, they are tracks left by 'I'itoi and his pet deer)

ma:o (Span: macho) N subst sg [pl: mamo]:a horse that is broken in

ma:ocud Vtr sgo [Neutr: def ma:oc]: to break in (a horse)

ex: Napt ma:oc? Did you tame him (the horse)?

ma:ocud Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-ma:oc]: to get broken in (of a horse)
 42

ma:ot / medam

ma:ot Vintr sgs: to become tame, broken in (of a horse)

me-

me Vintr Unit (for Repet see memea) sgs (for pls see vo:po'o) [Neutr: def me:;
indef me; hort mel; imper meli-. Dur: mea-d. Interr: mel[i]-him. Correl: me-k;
immed: me-ka-'i. Compl: me-ok; immed: me-oka-'i.]: to run, drive, flow, blow, crawl
ex: Tp 'ea 'an me: hega'i Ban. Meanwhile, Coyote was running onward. -- Da'ivunk o
me:! Dash out and run! --a:ko 'ont(<'ant) hab ha'ap o me:? Which way shall I run?
--M(<'am) 'ant hu me: 'u:pam 'an tlo:git'an. I drove back home in a truck. --'An dahivak
gm hu me: 'atk. Having sat down (in the car), he drove away. --Pt o sikol me:! Run
(drive) in a circle! --Sba:g g mel! Drive (run) slowly! -- Ba'ic si me. He drives faster
and faster. --Pi 'ap me g ma:gina. My car does not work well. -- Hema me g ma:gina c
g haha'a 'am hadadcug. There goes a car carrying cases of bottles. --'In 'ok me g
'o'odham ge 'ekeickvadam ceadc. There goes a fellow riding along on his bicycle. -- Nap
heba'i 'an 'i me 'ana'i si sjuhu'ujulk vo:g 'oidc? Have you ever driven along that winding
road? --B(<vab) me g noa. I have a runny nose (my nose phlegm is running). -- No
me g hevel? Is the wind blowing? --Sgevkam me g hevel. There is a strong wind
blowing (the wind is running strongly). --Stoma me g hevel. There is a hot wind
blowing (the wind is running hotly). -- B(<'ab) 'o me g jegos. A dust storm is coming
this way. -- matp 'am me g cikpan 'im hu ha'ap. there is work (work is running) in
that direction. -- mo 'on(<'an) me g u:dag. ... where the river (water) flows. --
Vama 'o me jevu da:m. A snake crawls on the ground. --Nat o mead? Will he be
driving? -- Hemu 'ut(<'at) 'ab o mead. Soon he'l1 be driving this way. -- Nt hia 'am
'o'oc'e 'ab cum meadc. I got stuck in the sand as I was trying to drive this way. --
Gami 'apt hab o hi:, nt o 'a:i 'am hab o meadc! You walk in that direction while I am
running this way! -- 'A ga hu meadc hab cece It is said that as he was running this
way (towards home), he kept saying -- M(<'am) 'an a(<va) cum s'ap meahimc 'ab 'i
noagk 'oia hebhu vua g vo:g. I was driving in the right direction until I made a turn, after
that I lost my way. --Nt o 'ip 'am meka'i! Let me run (drive) down there first! --'i
mek 'i mek hana:m melivk 'ab. she ran, ran and met them where she had arrived
running.
ve:m me VExpr sgs: to race against obj
ex: Napt o ve:m me:? Will you race against me? --Nt o mve:m me: 'ab hugk 'am
'ab 'i cu:lk. I'll race you to the corner.

medam N: something that runs continually without stopping

ex: medam u:dag: flowing water (such as a river)
hejel-medam NComp alien indiv [pl: hehe'ejel-vopodam]: car (same as ma:gina)
 43

mehe/ mehid

mehe Vintr Unit (for Repet see memhe) sing (for mult see me:mhe) [Neutr: def mei;
indef mehe; hort me:-'i; imper mehi-. Correl me:-k; immed: me:-ka-'i. Dur: mehe-d.
Interr: mei-him]: to burn in a single fire
ex: Mo g ku'ag hab 'evua. (Burning) is what firewood does. -- Ki: 'at mei. The
house burned. -- Mu'i ki:k mei. Many houses burned (in a single fire). -- Nt o u:kud g
nsitolta, t o 'om(<'am) mei. I'll watch my syrup, it might burn. --Mei 'at g nna:da. My fire
is lit (started to burn) --Pi mei g vepegi mant 'am 'i cum mehi. The light did not go on
when I tried to turn it on. --Sivo mei. It flared up (a firecracker). --Cum hekid 'an
meihim. It (a light) is on all the time. -- N(<'an) 'at ab o 'i meihid! It will be on (the fire
will just be burning)! -- 'I 'at o a(<va) meihid g vepegi. The light here will be on. -- 'I:da'a
ku'ag 'o sgakc s'ap meihim. This wood is dry and it's burning well. --B(< vab) kia
meihim. It's still burning. -- a 'a(<'o) va 'i stoma meihim. It's burning real hot. -- Hek
hu va 'i meihim. It burned for a long time. -- Hek hu va 'i meihidc 'ida 'am kia meihim.
It has been burning for a long time and it's still burning. --Mat pi 'am hu vo 'i si s'ap
meihid 'at 'am o a 'i siho. If it (the fire) is not burning well, one will stir it.

mehe Vtr impers [Neutr: def mei. Interr: mei-him]: to get obj suntanned, sunburnt
ex: mei g ta. I got suntanned. --Tk o tmei. It will get us sunburnt. -- 'O ob(<vab)
meihim. It's just burning me.

mehedam N subst: something that is burning continually without ever going out
mehedam kanjul N Expr: a burning candle (as in a church)

mehi- see Vintr mehe = to burn

mehi see Vtr mehid = to set fire to obj
mehi see Vreflex 'e-mehid = to burn oneself

mehi N inalien: flames, blaze of one fire

mehid Vtr Unit (for Repet see memhid) sing (for mult see me:mheid) [Neutr: def
mehi; hort and indef mehid. Correl: mehid-k; immed: mehid-ka-'i. Dur: mehida-d]: to
burn, set fire to, light up, obj in a single fire
ex: Nt o mehi g nsigalga. I'll light up my cigarette. -- 'O'odham 'atk o mehi g kanjul. The
man is going to light up the candle. -- matt 'an o 'i to'ahimk 'ab o mehi. after we have
put them (the pieces of firewood) there (on her), we will set fire to them. -- Pi mei g
vepegi mant 'am 'i cum mehi. The light did not go on when I tried to turn it on. --Mehid
'a g tatpial. I am burning papers (a pile of papers in one fire). -- 'am haha hema 'ovick
'ab mehidk 'ab ma:. then after rolling a cigarette and lighting it he gave it to him. --Vo
mehidk 'an o 'i himc! Light it (a cigarette) and pass it around!

mehid Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-mehi; hort 'e-mehid]: to burn oneself
ex: mehi 'ant cum 'i'ok g kavh:. I burned myself as I tried to drink coffee.
 44

mehidag/ meldag

mehidag in NExpr ha'icu mehidag: charred, burnt remains of something

hido-mehidag NComp: charred stew
ki:-mehidag NComp: charred house
'e:'e-mehidag NComp: charred blood
ex: tp 'am hab g 'e:'e-mehidag 'am 'al 'ehahadap hohodai da:m. there, clods of
charred blood were stuck on the stones.

mehidag s- Stat: to be flammable

ex: No smehidag? Is it flammable?

mehidaku N: brazier (instrument in which something is burnt)

mehidkam s- N subst: something that is flammable

mehidkam vu s- Stat Expr: to be something that is flammable

ex: Heg 'o smehidkam u ha'icu. That thing is flammable.

mei see Vintr mehe = to burn

mei see Vimpers tr mehe = to get obj suntanned, sunburnt
meihim see Vintr mehe = to burn

meihim Vimpers tr: to get obj suntanned, sunburnt

meto (contr of *mehito) Vintr Unit (for Distr see memeto) [Neutr: def meito. Interr:
meto-him]: to burn completely in a single fire; to burn out (such as a bulb); to burn
down (such as a house)

mel see Vintr me = to run

mel see Vtr mel[i]d = to invite obj
mel see Vintr meliv = to arrive somewhere

melcudame Vreflex Unit sgs [Neutr: def 'e-melcudam]: to run to the toilet, to have
diarrhea
ex: Nt o melcudam. I'll have diarrhea.

melda (elis of * melida) N inalien: invitation to the wine ceremony; act of calling a
medicine man or a singer to the bedside of a sick person

meldag (elis of *melidag) N inalien [loc: -meldag 'e]: course of somebody who is
either running, driving or on horseback
 45

meldag/ mel[i]jid

meldag (elis of *melidag) s- Stat sgs (for pls see s-vo:po'idag): to be good at running
ex: Heg 'o smeldag. He is a fast runner. -- heghekaj ma hi pi meldagc pi has njuk o
ndo'ibi'o. because, since I am not a fast runner, there is no way for me to escape. -- No
'om(<'am) hu pi meldag g vu:lo/ No 'om(<'am) hu smeldag g vu:lo. The donkey is not a
fast runner. --No pi smeldag. He is a fast runner. --'Atk o smeldagk mat hekid o 'i ge'eda.
He'll be a fast runner when he grows up.

meldame: Vtr Unit sgo (for plo see memeldame) [Neutr: def meldam; hort and
indef meldame. Correl: meldame-k; immed: meldame-ka-'i. Interr: meldamel[i]-him]:
to go and invite obj to the wine ceremony; to go and get obj (either a medicine man or a
singer) to the bedside of a sick person

melda i'ok NExpr(?): Invitation Speech for the wine ceremony

melhidam N subst sg: one who is always on the go, running or driving (see also
himhidam)

melhog N aggreg: ocotillo

ex: Smu'ij g melhog 'ama'i. Ocotillos are numerous down there.

melhogag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-memelhogag): to be full of ocotillos in
one location

meli- see Vintr me = to run

mel[i]d Vtr [Neutr: def mel; hort melid; imper sgs melda-]: to invite obj to the wine
ceremony; to call for obj (a medicine man or a singer) to the bedside of a sick person

melidkam s- N subst sg (for pl see s-vo:po'idkam): one who is good at running

ex: Cum 'a hema seidam g smelidkam viappoi. I'd like to see a fast running boy.

melidkam vu s- Stat Expr sgs: to be one who is good at running

ex: 'I:da'a viappoi 'at u o smelidkamk mat hekid o 'i ge'eda. The boy will be a fast runner
when he is grown up.

melidt Vintr sgs (for pls see vo:po'idt) [Neutr: def melidt. Interr: melidta-him]: to
become able to run
ex: Melidt 'at. He is (has become) able to run. -- T o melidt. He'll be (become) able to run.
-- Melidtahim 'o. He is in the process of becoming able to run.

mel[i]jid Vdtr [Neutr: def melij; hort meljid]: to send somebody to invite obj to the
wine ceremony, to get a medicine man or a singer to the bedside of a sick person
 46

melim/ mel[

melim s- Adv sg (for pl see s-vo:po'im): wishing to run, drive, somewhere

ex: Pi g 'am smelim 'eju:kcid! Don't show that you would like to drive there (be acting
desirous of going there by car )

melim s- V subst intr sgs (for pls see s-vo:po'im): to wish to run, drive somewhere
ex: Nap cum smelim hemu? Do you wish to go (by car) right away? -- Cum 'a smelim
'am 'u:pam. I would like to go back home (by car). -- 'A cum smelim 'am Cuk-on vui. I
would like to drive to Tucson. --Pi 'i(<'a) 'am hu cum smelim. I don't feel like driving
there. --M 'a cum si smelimk 'ea pi o a 'i nnako mans 'am hu o me:. I would very much
like to go (by car) but I won't be able to make it.

melimam N: traveler

melimk s- Adv sg (for pl see svo:poimk): anxious to run, drive somewhere

ex: Smelimk hab 'eju:kc. He acts anxious to go there (by car). -- Smelimk hab cu'ig. He is
anxious to go (by car).

melimk s- Stat sgs (for pls see s-vopo'imk) [Neutr: indef s-melimk]: to be anxious to
run, drive somewhere
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) 'am hu smelimk. I don't want to drive there.

meliv Vintr sgs (for pls see vo'iv) [Neutr: def mel. Correl: meliv-k; immed: meliv-ka-'i.
Compl: meliv-ok; immed: meliv-oka-i. Interr: mel[u]v-him (disson of* meliv-him)]: to
arrive somewhere running or driving (see also jiva)
ex: Nat mel? Has he arrived (by car)? --Pt hekid o g hu 'i mel? At what time will you get
there (by car)? --Tk o mel 'u:pam. He will come back (running or driving). --ga hu o mel
'aba'i k hab o 'a:. after he gets there he will tell him. -- ga hu mel matp 'ab ki: hega'i
ka:kaj. he arrived (running) to where the grandmother of that fellow lived. -- Hemu
'unt(<'ant) 'i hab a(<va) mel gm hu ki:himt'amje. I have just now come back (by car)
from town. -- Hegam a'i-vu:pulim 'an o mo:to'i g tlo:gi mat 'i o mel! The truck that will
drive up here will carry those bales of hay. --Meluvhim 'o. He is about to arrive (running
or by car). -- Nt o a(<va) gegus melivka'i. I'll eat right after I come back. -- Gm hu
melivk 'am ei. Having gotten over there he saw it. -- 'Am 'ep me: 'ep melivk 'am hab
a(<va) 'ep kaij He too ran down there and having come back running he too said.
--Tp 'am hi a(<va) cum melivk ab a(<va) 'e:bidc pi 'in hu hema habei. Although she
arrived there running, being afraid she did not yet get a single one of them. -- elma 'atp
hu 'i melvhim. He might be on the verge of arriving. --Meluvhim 'atp hu 'i. He is arriving
perhaps.

melivku N: place where the runners end a race

mel[] N inalien [1st pers sg: mel[]]: act of running

 47

melc/ melopa

melc see Vtr mel[]cud = to make obj run

melc see Vreflex 'e-mel[]cud = to run, drive, somewhere

melckva Vtr Unit [Neutr: def melckva]: to run over obj

ex: 'Ant melckva g haivagaj. I ran over his cow.

mel[]cud Vtr Unit (for Repet see memelcud) sgo (for plo see vo:po'icud) [Neutr:
def melc; hort and indef melcud. Correl: melcud-k; immed: melcud-ka-'i. Dur: melcuda-
d. Interr: melcuda-him]: to make obj run; to drive obj
ex: Si 'int(<'ant) melc g noiga. I drove my horse hard. --Nap sma:c mapt has masma o
melc g ma:gina? Do you know how to drive a car? --Napt 'a:pi o 'i melc ? Did he ask
you to drive? --'An 'ant o cikpank hekaj 'am o 'i melc g ki:dag. I'll work in order to
support me (run my own life).--Sikol g melcud! Make it (a car or a horse) run in a circle!
--M 'apt ab o 'i melcudadk 'am haha vo 'i mku'inog! Could you go on driving for a while
and then I'll alternate with you! --Napt 'a:pi o melcudahid? Will you be the one to do the
driving (with interruptions)?

mel[]cud Vreflex [Neutr: indef 'e-melcud]: to run, drive, somewhere

ex: M(<'am) 'a cum a melcud. I may drive there.
gm hu si 'e-melcud VExpr sgs (for pls see gmhu si 'e-vo:po'icud): to run away at
full speed
ex: M 'at hu si 'i(<'e)melc 'ab 'i eidok. He ran away at full speed as soon as he saw
me. --To:lo 'ot(<'at) o cum mo'ockva, nt gm hu si melc. The bull was going to
hook me, I ran away at full speed.

melno Vintr sgs (for pls see vo'ino) [Neutr: def and hort melno]: to run, drive,
somewhere and come back
ex: 'Am 'ant melno. I turned back there (either running or driving). -- 'Am g 'i melno!
Go there and run back! --T 'am 'ep melno vab 'etodsidk. He too went there and came
back completely scared. -- k 'ab heba'i melno. and somewhere he turned back.

melomin Vtr [Neutr: def melom; hort melomin]: to clear out, obliterate, obj
ex: Nt o melom g ntokiga. I'll clear out my cotton (the cotton plants after the harvest).

melom see Vtr melomin = to clear out obj

melopa see melopa = to arrive somewhere by car or running

melopa Vintr sgs (for pls see vo'iopa) [Neutr: def melopa; indef melopa. Dur:
melopaa-d]: to arrive somewhere by car or running
ex: Kupt hekid o g hu 'i melopa? At what time will he get there (by car)? --T hekid o 'i
melopa? When will he arrive (by car)? -- P hekid 'i melopa? When do you usually get
here (by car)? --P hekid g hu 'i melopa? When do you usually get there (by car)? --Heg
 48

melopa/ memeldame

'o 'on(<'an) hab a(<va) melopa. He goes there (by car) every so often. --Pt hekid o g hu
'i melopaad. At what time will you be getting there (by car)?

melpig Vtr sgo [Neutr: def melp; hort melpig]: to take away the running powers of obj
ex: Melp 'at. It/he took his running power away.

melp see Vtr melpig = to take away the running power of obj

melto Vintr Unit [Neutr: def melto. Interr: meltohim]: to go away running or driving; to
calm down, abate (the wind) once
ex: Gm hu 'a'ai melto. They all scattered away (running or driving). -- Melto 'ot(<'at) g
hevel. The wind has abated. --Meltohim 'o g hevel. The wind is abating.

melto Vintr [Neutr: indef melto]: to go away (running or by car) reiteratedly; to calm
down repeatedly (of the wind) reiteratedly

melvig N inalien: meeting place

ex: 'am melvigc'e= at the meeting place

meluvhim see Vintr meliv = to arrive somewhere running or driving

memea Vintr Repet (for Unit see me) sgs (for pls see vopo) [Neutr: indef memea.
Dur: memea-d. Interr: memel[i]-him]:to run to, to drive to, repeatedly
ex: Mas hascu u hega'ikc 'in 'al memea? I wonder, what is that thing that scurries
along? -- Kupt a(<va) voho 'ob(<'ab) cum memea g Ban vesko jevu-u:dagim k pi
heba'i a 'i ha'icu ce:. Although Coyote did run (as he was told) all over the entire world,
he did not find anything anywhere. -- Vuihidc memea hasko 'om 'i hihhimadc. He keeps
kicking it as he runs every time he is going somewhere. -- Nt o ha'ap memead. I'll be
running/driving repeatedly in that direction.--Ba:p memeahim? Where have you been?

meme[a]dam N subst sg (for pl see vopodam): runner (one who runs repeatedly);
a loose woman (a woman who does not stay at home; the opposite is da:kam)

meme[a]dam vu Stat Expr sgs (for pls see vu vopodam): to be a runner; to be a

loose woman (a woman who does not stay at home but runs around all the time)

memeto (contr of *memehito) Vintr Distr (for Unit see meto): to burn completely in
several fires; to burn out (such as bulbs), to burn down (such as houses)

memeldame Vtr Unit plo (for sgo see meldame): to go and invite obj to the Wine
Ceremony; to go and get obj (medicine men or singers) to the bedside of a sick person
 49

memelhogag/ memheid

memelhogag s-Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-melhogag): to be full of ocotillos in
various locations

memelihim see Vintr memea = to run to, to drive to repeatedly

memeliku N: racetrack
Ta[ai] Memelku NExpr(?): a place name (roadrunner's racetrack)

memelimkam s- N subst sg: one who likes to run all the time

memelcud Vtr Repet (for Unit see mel[]cud) sgo [Neutr: indef memelcud. Dur:
memelcuda-d]: to make obj run repeatedly; to drive obj repeatedly
ex: Cum hekid 'a si memelcud g noiga. I always drive my horse hard. -- K hea'i
memelcud g ma:gina mam hekid hasko vopo? Who drives the car when you(pl) go
somewhere?

memelcud Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-memelc; hort and indef 'e-memelcud. Dur: ' e-
memelcuda-d. Interr: 'e-memelcuda-him]: to run for exercise
ex: Nt o memelc. I will run for exercise. --Ves sisialmad 'a memelcud. Every
morning I run for exercise. -- Nap 'ememelcudahim? Have you been running?

memelcud Vimpers tr [Neutr: def memelc]: to make obj run to the bathroom many
times, to give diarrhea to obj
ex: memelc 'at. It gave me diarrhea.

memelcuddam N subst: driver of (one who repeatedly drives something)

bus-memelcuddam NComp: bus driver
ma:gina-memelcuddam NComp: driver (of a car)
tlo:gi-memelcuddam NComp: truck driver

memhe Vintr Repet (for Unit see mehe) sing [Neutr: indef memhe. Dur: memhe-d.
Interr: meme-him]: to burn in one fire repeatedly
ex: No s'ap memhe 'i:da'a ku'ag? Does this wood burn well? -- Sivo memhe. It keeps
flaring. -- Hekid ha'icu cum 'e'eak ab memhe. Every time they plant something the
plants just burn. --T ab o memhed. It will keep on burning for a while and going out.

memhedam-vaptopig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of glowworms in one location

memhedam-vatop NComp indiv [pl: memhedam-vaptop]: glowworm, firefly

memheid Vtr Repet (for Unit see mehid) sing [Neutr: indef memheid. Dur:
memheida-d]: to burn, to light up obj repeatedly in a single fire
 50

memheid/ me:kji

ex: Cum 'a hekid memheid g kanjul. I light up a candle every time.--'Am 'a memheid g
tanhaag. I (always) burn the trash down there.

me'emek see Mod me:k = far, distant

me'emekji see Adv me:kji = from far away

me:-

me: see Vintr me = to run to, to drive to

me:k see Vintr mehe = to burn

me:k Mod [distr: me'emek]: far, distant

ex: 'Id 'at o t'u'apa 'ama'i gvui me:k jevu. This one will take us to that distant land.--Me:k
'a ki:. I live far away. --Me:k 'ant o hi:. I'll go far away. -- ttp hekaj 'am a(<va) me:k
'ep o hihi. so that we too will go far away. -- B (<vab) kia me:k 'uli. It is still far in
the future. --me:k 'i scuk. far in the night.-- --Me'emek 'amje 'atp hihhim. They
might come from far away (and from different places).
g hu me:k/ va: hu me:k Adv Expr: a long time ago.

me:k Stat [Neutr: indef me:k. Dur: me:ka-d]: to be far away

ex: Ha'icu gm hu vo me:kad, 'att hab o 'a: "me:k 'o". Of something that is far away, we
say "It is far away". --Me:k 'o gamai hu. It's far over there. --Pi 'o 'am hu 'i si me:k 'am
'amje Ce:dag Vavhai. It's not too far from Pozo Verde. -- Me:k 'o 'ama'i ma 'am ki:. It's
far where I live. -- Me:k 'o 'ama'i mant 'am o hi:. It's far where I am going to go. -- 'Atp
g hu me:k bidc'ea. He might be far down (below the water) in the mud. --... c pi me:k
hasko g jevu. ... and the world did not extend far in any direction.
me:k V subst: to get far away
ex: Gam g o hu me:k! Far away with you(pl)!

me:k-ha'icu-eidaku NComp alien [1st pers sg: -me:k-ha'icu-eidaku=ga]:

telescope (instrument to see something far away)

me:kji Adv [distr: me'emekji]: from far away

ex: Me:kji 'atp him. He might come from far away. --Pi 'i(<'a) me:kji him. I don't
come from far away.
 51

me:ko/ me:'i

me:ko Vintr [Neutr: def me:ko. Correl: me:ko-k; immed: me:ko-ka-'i. Interr: me:ko-
him]: to move far away
ex: Me:ko 'ot(<'at). He moved far away. -- 'Am himk himk gm hu 'i me:ko. Having
walked, walked, he got far away. -- 'Ea gamai hu g'oidam hihim, 'im hu me:ko 'im hu.
Meanwhile all along they are walking, they got further and further away. -- 'Im hu
me:kohimc me:ko. He got further and further away and (now) he is far away. -- Nt
o me:kohid. I'll be moving further and further away (with interruptions).

me:koag s- Stat: to be able to go far

me:koam s- Adv: far away, distantly

ex: Va cum si sme:koam cu'igk ababa g 'u:gk-himdamkaj pi me:k. Although it is very
far, with a plane it is not.

me:ko'olid Vtr: to get out of reach of obj

me:ko'olid in pi me:ko'olid VExpr: to get within reach of obj

ex: Heg 'o pi me:ko'olid g jevu. He is within reach of that place. -- 'A pi me:ko'olid g
jevu. I am within reach of the place.

me:mhe Vintr mult (for sing see mehe) [Neutr: def and indef me:mhe. Dur: me:mhe-d.
Interr: me:mhe-him]: to burn in several fires
ex: Pi 'it(<at) me:mhe. They did not burn. -- No 'om(<'am) a(<va) skeg me:mhe g
kakanjul? Are the candles burning nicely? -- No 'om(<'am) a(<va) s'ap me:mhe g na:nda?
Are the various fires burning well? --Si'isvo me:mhe. They (several lights) keep flaring.-
- Me:mehim 'o g kakanjul. The candles are burning.

me:mheid Vtr mult (for sing see mehid) [Neutr: def me:mhei; hort and indef
me:mheid. Dur: me:mheidad]: to set fire to, light up, obj in several fires.
ex: Me:mhei g 'esisigal. They each lit their cigarettes. -- B(<'ab) g o me:mheid. You each
take a cigarette break (light it)! --Cum 'a hekid hame:mheid g kakanjul. I always burn
(light up) candles. --Me:mheid g 'etatanhaagga. They are burning their trash here and
there. --B(<'ab) g o 'ip me:mheidoka'i! You each take a cigarette break (light it) first.

me:'i see Vintr mehe = to burn

 52

mia/ miabidc ki:kam

mi-

mia Adv [distr: mi'imia]: close, near, close by, near by (see also miak)
ex: M 'a a(<va) 'i mia ki:. I live close by (I have been living close by for some time). -- 'I
'o a(<va) 'i ku:bhim mia. Dust is rising right close to here. -- 'i a(<va) 'i mia hahu'id
hegam vapkial. they are right close after them, those cowboys. -- g hab a(<va) 'i mia=
close by.
mi'imia ki:kam N Expr: people living close by in various locations (here and there)

mia Stat sgs: to be close, close by

ex: Mia 'o. It is close by. --Ha'icu 'am o mia da:kcud, 'att hab o 'a: "mia". Of something
sitting near, we say "it is near".

miabid Vtr [Neutr: def miab; hort and indef miabid. Correl: miabid-k; immed: miabid-
ka-'i]: to approach, get close to, obj.
ex: Pt o 'i miab! Come close to me! -- t hekid ha'icu 'ab o 'i mmiab. whenever
something gets close to you(sg). --Pi g 'ab hu 'i miabid, pt o nciavag! Don't come near
me, you'll contaminate me! -- 'I g o hu 'i miabid! You(pl) come close to me! -Miabida!
You(sg) go near him/it! -- Miabido! You(pl) go near him/it! --Pi hekid hamiabid. He
never gets close to them.--Nt o miabidk 'am o ei. I'll go near it and look (at it).

miabid Vreflex Neutr: def 'e-miab; hort and indef 'e-miabid. Correl: 'e-miabid-k;
immed: 'e-miabid-ka-'i. Interr: 'e-miabid-him]: to approach, to get close
ex: 'Emiabidhim 'o. He is approaching. -- 'E-g-'emiabidk! you(sg) come close! -- 'E-g-o-
'o(<'e)miabidk! You(pl) come close!

miabidc Postp: near/ next to obj (see also miabidk)

ex: miabidc 'o ki:. He lives near me. --miabidc 'o ka:c. It is (lying) next to me. -- 'Ab 'o
mmiabidc ka:c. It is (lying) next to you(sg). -- Cum 'o hekid 'am miabidc davup. He
always sets it near me.

miabidc Stat: to be near/ next to a single location

ex: ki: 'o tmiabidc. My house is nearby (near us). --Ki:j 'o tmiabidc. His house is
nearby (near us).

miabidc ki:kam NExpr aggreg [3rd pers sg miabidc ki:kam]: neighbors (ones living
next to somebody)

miabidc ki:kam vu Stat Expr: to be the neighbor(s) of obj

ex: No (<vu) mmiabidc ki:kam hega'i? Is he your(sg) neighbor? -- No mmiabidc
ki:kam hegam? Are they your(sg) neighbors?
 53

miabidk/ mimiliganag

miabidk Postp: near, next to obj (see also miabidc)

ex: Pt o miabidk dava! Set it next to me!

miab see Vtr miabid = to approach, get close to, obj

miab see Vreflex 'e-miabid = to approach, to get close

miak Adv: close, near, close by, near by (see also mia)
ex: Miak g 'i kekiva! Stand up close (to me)! -- Miak g 'i dahiva! Sit down close (to me)!
--Miak g o 'o(< 'e)gegusid! Come close (to the table) and eat! --Pt miak o ve:mt! Come
close and help me!

miak V subst intr: to get near, close

ex: 'Oi g o miak! Come over here in a hurry!

miaklos (Span: miercoles) N: Wednesday

miak-['a]n-g-'i-vo'iva[-'i:bhai] NComp aggreg [loc: miak-'an-g-'i-vo'iva[-'i:bhai]-

c-'e]: fruit of one variety of prickly pear cactus (close-by-lie-down-[pricklypear])

milign (Span: americano; dial: mligan) N indiv [pl: milig:n (dial: mmiligan)]:
white man, American

milign vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu milig:n]: to be a white man, an American

milignag (dial: s-miliganag) s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-milig:nag): to
be full of whites, Americans, in one location

milignaj (dial: miliganaj) Adv: in English

ex: Milignaj g hab ce:'i! Speak English!

milig:n see N milign = white man; American

milig:nag (dial: s-mimiliganag) s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-milignag): to
be full of Whites,Americans, in various locations

milo (Span: melon; dial: mila, milin) N aggreg: watermelon (same as gep)

miloig s- Stat impers: to be full of watermelons in one location

mimiligan see N indiv milign = White, American

mimiliganag see Stat s-milig:nag = to be full of Whites, of Americans
 54

mimitol/ mi'imia

mimitol see N mi:tol = cat

mimitolig/ mimitolag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-mimmitolig): to

be full of cats in one location

mimmitolig/ mimmitolag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-mimitolig): to

be full of cats in various locations

mimsa see N mi:sa = table

mimscin see N subst miscin = wild one
mim see N mi: = Protestant

mim hapa:lga NExpr indiv: the minister of the Protestants (see also mi:-pa:l)

mim hapa:lga vu Stat Expr sgs: to be the minister of the Protestants (see also
vu mi:-pa:lga)
ex: Nap u mim hapa:lga? Are you the minister of the Protestants? -- 'I:da'a 'o'odham
'atp u mim hapa:lga. This man might be the minister of the Protestants.

mimmad Vreflex Distr (for Unit see 'e-mi:mad): to have Mass, to be preached to,
in various places
ex: Domig 'e 'o 'o(<'e)mimmad. On Sundays they (the people) have Mass here and
there (in the various villages).

mimmada see N mi:mada = act of preaching, serving Mass

miscin N subst sg [pl: mimscin]: wild one (same as s-doajkam)

ex: miscin 'o'odham: a wild man

miscin vu Stat Expr sgs: to be a wild one

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) miscin. He is a wild one.

miscin-ko:ji NComp indiv: peccary (wild pig)

miscin-kokjig s-Stat Comp impers Unit: to be full of wild pigs in one location

mi'imia see Adv mia = close, near

 55

mi:l/ mi:-

mi:-

mi:l (Span: mil) Num: one thousand

mi:l-pi: (Span: mil pesos) NComp alien aggreg [1st pers sg: -mi:l-pi:=ga]: one
thousand dollars
ex: he'ekia 'i mi:l-pi:. countless amount of dollars.

mi:sa (Span: mesa) N inalien indiv [pl: mimsa]: table

mi:sa-da:m-taim NComp alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg mi:sa-da:m-taim=ga-j; 1st

pers sg -mi:sa-da:m-tadim=ga); pl: mi:sa-da:m-ta:tadim]: tablecloth

mi: (Span: mesa) N indiv [pl: mim]: Protestant

mi:mad Vtr [Neutr: def hort and indef mi:mad. Correl: mi:mad-k; immed: mi:mad-
ka-'i]: to preach, to say Mass for obj
ex: T o tmi:mad. He is going to say Mass for us. --Domig 'e 'o tmi:mad. He says
Mass for us on Sundays.--T 'e'ai ma 'ida hami:mad. It's the time when I (usually) say
Mass for them. -- 'Atk 'am 'i ta g Jio-'O'ohon 'atp o ho(<ha)mi:madk. He opened the
Bible in order to preach (to them) for a while.

mi:mad Vreflex Unit (for Distr see 'e-mimmad): to have Mass, to get preached
ex: 'E-'o-mi:mad hemu. They are in church (having mass) now.

mi:mada N inalien [distr: mimmada]: act of preaching, serving Mass

ex: Pi 'i(<'a) ha'icu a 'i ma:c 'ab 'amje g mi:mada. I don't know anything about (the
act of) serving mass.

mi:madame Vreflex Unit sgs (for pls see 'e-mi:mado) [Neutr: def 'e-
mi:madam; hort 'e-mi:madame]: to go to mass, to a religious service
ex: Nt o mi:madam. I am on my way to the service.

mi:mado Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-mi:madame): to go to a religious service

mi:-pa:l NComp alien indiv: a Protestant minister (see also mim hapa:lga)

mi:-pa:lga vu Stat Expr sgs: to be somebody's Protestant minister

ex: No (<vu) 'emmi:-pa:lga? Is he your(pl) Protestant minister?
 56

mi:-/ mohoname

mi:-pa:lga Stat Comp sing: to have a Protestant minister

ex: Nam ge mi:-pa:lga Covered-Wells-t-'ab? Do you(pl) have a Protestant minister at
Covered Wells?

mi:tol (dial: mi:stol; Aztec: miston) N alien indiv [pl: mimitol (dial: mimistol)]: cat
ex: Mo 'am 'al gogs ma:s, mo 'an ge 'al ce'ecev hu:c. (a cat is) that which looks kind-
of like a dog, which has long claws-like nails. -- Nt o ho(<ha)vacko'ic g mimitol. I'll
drown the cats.

mi:ya (Span: milla): mile

mo-

moho N alien aggreg [3rd pers sg moho=ga-j; instr: moho-kaj; instr reflex: 'e-moho=ga-
kaj]: beargrass (used as foundation in basket making)

mohog s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of beargrass in one location

mohogid s- V [Neutr: def s-mohog; indef s-mohogid. Correl: s-mohogid-k; immed: s-

mohogid-ka-'i]: to itch
ex: Mat heba'i 'am o si smohogidk 'am tda:k 'e k o tbiscke. When a place itches very
much in our nose, it makes us sneeze.

mohon Vtr [Neutr: def moho; hort mohon. Correl: mohon-k; immed: mohon-ka-'i. Dur:
mohona-d]: to crumble, thresh, obj (by rubbing it between one's hands)
ex: Nt o moho g pilka. I'll thresh my wheat. Mohon 'a g pilka. I am rubbing wheat
between my hands . Kutt a 'an o ha'i mohonk 'am o 'ovickad. After crumbling a few
(leaves) by rubbing them between our hands we should roll them into cigarettes.

mohonaku N: thresher (for wheat, or beans)

mohoname Vtr sgs (for pls see mohono): to go and thresh obj (by rubbing it
between one's hands)

mohoname g u:'uva VExpr sgs: to go after u:'uva berries (tiny berries which
are harvested by rubbing whole branches between one's hands)
 57

mohono/ moik[a]d

mohono Vtr pls (for sgs see mohoname): to go and thresh obj (by rubbing it
between one's hands)

mohono g u:'uva VExpr pls: to go after u:'uva berries (tiny berries which are
harvested by rubbing whole branches between one's hands)

mohoid Vdtr (Neutr: def moho; hort mohoid]: to crumble, thresh, obj (between
one's hands for somebody)
ex: Pt o moho g pilka! Thresh wheat for me (by rubbing it between your hands)!

moihun Vtr sgo (for plo see momoihun) [Neutr: def moihu; hort moihun]: to soften/
plow obj
ex: Nt o moihu g 'oidag. I'Il plow my field.

moihun Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-momoihun) [Neutr: def 'e-moihu; indef 'e-
moihun]: to get softened, loosened, plowed
ex: ... mo hekaj 'emoihun g jevu. ... (a pick is) that with which the soil gets loosened.

moihuid Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def moihu; hort moihuid]: to soften, plow for somebody

moik s- Adj sg [pl: s-momoik]: soft

ex: Smoik vainom: soft metal Hema 'a tacu g smoik mi:lo. I want a soft melon.
'Ali 'o smoik 'eldag. The child has soft skin.

moik s- Stat sgs [pls: s-momoik]: to be soft

moika Vintr sgs (for pls see momoika) [Neutr: def moika. Interr: moika-him]: to
become soft
ex: Moika 'at. It has gotten soft. Moikahim 'o. It is getting soft.

moika Vimpers tr sgo (for plo see momoika) [Neutr: def moika. Interr: moika-him]: to make obj
become weak
ex: B(<vab) hab 'i moika ['at]. I have no strength left (it made me completely weak).
B(<vab) hab 'i moika g ncu:kug. My body feels weak. moikahim ['o]. I am
getting weak.

moik[a]d Vtr sgo (for plo see momoik[a]d) [Neutr: def, hort and indef moikad]: to
soften obj; to tan obj
ex: Nt o moikad g 'eldagga. I'Il tan my hide. Nt o 'i mdagimu k o 'i mmoikad. I'Il
soften you (your body or muscles) by massaging you. Nt o moikad g hog 'am
mveheji. I'Il tan the hide for you. M g 'i moikad g 'eldaj! (Why don't you) tan the (its)
hide! Moikad 'a g huav-'eldag. I am tanning a deerdeer hide.
 58

moikada/ momoikajid

moikada N inalien indiv [pl: momoikada]: something that is being softened, tanned
ex: ha'icu 'i hohog momoikada= tanned hides of various kinds of animals

moikajid Vdtr sgo (for plo see momoikajid) [Neutr: def moikaj; hort and indef
moikajid]: to soften obj for somebody; to tan obj for somebody
ex: Nt o a(<va) mmoikaj. I'Il tan it for you.

moikam s- Adv: soft

ex: Smoikam hab ju:. He got it (the leather) soft.

moik-'i:bhai NComp aggreg: fruit of a variety of prickly pear cactus (soft 'i:bhai)

moima s- Adv: softly, in a soft manner

ex: Smoima hab ju:. He did it softly. ... mat 'am hebi (<heba'i) o smoima 'akigk ...
wherever there is a soft wash.

moi-'o:g NComp inalien [sg (3rd pers sg moi-'o:ga-j); pl: mo:ms-'o'og]: son-in-law;
mother-in-law (same as mo:ms ha'o:g)

momoihun Vtr plo (for sgo see moihun) [Neutr: def momoihu; hort momoihun]: to
soften obj; to plow obj
ex: Nt o momoihu g 'o'oidag. I'Il plow my fields.

momoihun Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-moihun) [Neutr: indef 'e-momoihun]: to get
softened, plowed
ex: 'Emomoihu g 'o'oidag. The fields got plowed.

momoik see Adj s-moik = soft

momoik see Stat s-moik = to be soft

momoika Vintr pls (for sgs see moika) [Neutr: def momoika. Interr: momoika-him]:
to become soft

momoika Vimpers tr plo (for sgo see moika) [Neutr: def momoika. Interr: momoika-
him]: to make obj become weak

momoik[a]d Vtr plo (for sgo see moik[a]d) [Neutr: def, hort and indef momoikad]:
to soften obj; to tan obj

momoikajid Vdtr plo (for sgo see moikajid) [Neutr: def momoikaj; hort and indef
momoikajid]: to soften obj for somebody; to tan obj (hides) for somebody
 59

momonjul/ mo'o

momonjul see N monjul = bandana, head kerchief

momto'o (assimil of *momto'a) Vtr Repet (for Unit see mo:to'o) [Neutr: indef
momto'o. Dur: momto'o-d]: to put obj on one's head repeatedly in order to carry it; to take
the responsibility of obj repeatedly
ex: Nap ab kia momto'o g 'eha'a? Do you still carry your olla on your head?

momto'o Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-mo:mt): to ride double repeatedly
ex: 'Emomto'o. They always ride double.

monjul (Span: montera ?) N inalien indiv [pl: momonjul]: bandana, head kerchief

mo'mobam see N mo'obam = hunter

mo'mokva see N mo'okva = tadpole

mo'mokvaag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of tadpoles in one location

mo'moc semi Stat intr pls (for sgs see mo'oc): to have one's head on/ against
something

mo'o N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg mo'o-j; loc: mo'o-t-'an; inst: mo'o-kaj); pl: mo:m]:
head
ex: Mo 'on(<'an) da:c 'eda:m. (The head is) that which is (sits) on top of oneself. ...
'an bei g 'e'a:'ac 'emo'o 'ana'i. ... she took a louse off (on) her head. ... 'am himk 'ab a:
mo'oj da:m. ... having gone there, he took a handful of his hair on top of his head.
Napt o a kekiva g 'emo'okaj vaik minuda 'ab? Can you stand on your head for three
minutes?
cucul-mo'o NComp: chicken head
si:l-mo'o NComp alien indiv [sg: 1st pers sg si:l-mo'o=ga; loc: si:i-mo'o-t-'an]:
saddle horn
vipi-mo'o NComp inalien: nipple (breast head)

mo'o N inalien aggreg [mult: mo:m]: hair, scalp

ex: mo 'ob(<'ab) cu:c 'ab tmo'o 'ab. (The hair is) that which is (stands) on our head.
Heg 'an a(<va) 'i vi: mo'oj. Only his scalp stayed on. Ha'i g mo'o sto:ta. Some of my
hair is white. Ha'i g mo'o 'atk to:ta. Some of my hair has gotten white. 'O'odham
hamo:m 'o scuck. 'O'odham have black hair ('O'odham their hair is black). Hegam
hamo:m 'o s'o'onmag. Their hair is salt colored.

mo'o Stat sing [mult: moom[]]: to have a head; to have hair

ex: ... mo ge ce'ecev mo:m. ... who have unusually long hair.
 60

mo'obam/ mo'og

mo'obam N aggreg [distr: mo'mobam]: deer hunter(s), head-bearer(s)

mo'obam vu Stat Expr: to be a deer hunter, hunters from a single location, (a) head-
bearer(s)
ex: Heg 'o(<vu) mo'obam. He is a hunter. Hegam 'o mo'obam. They are hunters
(from the same village).

mo'oc semi Stat sgs [Neutr: indef mo'oc. Dur: mo'oci-d]: to have one's head on obj
(such as a pillow)
ex: 'Id 'apt 'ab o mo'ocid! Use this as a pillow for your head!

mo'ocek Vintr [Neutr: indef mo'ocek. Interr: mo'ocek-him]: to have one's head bobbing
up and down
ex: M(<'am) hi ab a(<va) 'al mo'ocek. Only his head is bobbing up and down over there
(as of a person walking in a corn field). B(<'ab) 'o mo'ocekhim. He is coming this way
with his head bobbing up and down (as of a person in a corn field)

mo'ock Vintr [Neutr: def mo'oc; hort mo'ock]: to put one's head down (somewhere)
ex: Pt 'an o mo'oc! Put your head down there! Heg 'apt 'ab o mo'oc! Put your head
down on that! 'In g mo'ock! Put your head down right here (on my lap)!

mo'ocku N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg mo'ockua-j); pl: mo'omcku]: pillow

mo'ocku vu Stat Expr sgs: to be somebody's pillow

ex: ... heg u mo'ockuaj m'am daha hodai. ... that stone sitting there is his pillow.

mo'ockva Vtr Unit (for Repet see mo'ockvup) [Neutr: def and hort mo'ockva]: to
knock obj down with one's head, to hook obj
ex: S'e:bid 'a mat o mo'ockva. I am afraid that he (the bull) will hook me. 'I 'at
vuak 'am si mo'ockva. He threw me and hooked me real hard.

mo'ockvup Vtr Repet (for Unit see mo'ockva) [Neutr: indef mo'ockvup. Dur:
mo'ockvupa-d]: to knock obj with one's head, to hook obj, repeatedly
ex: Ma hamo'ockvup. (I am told that) it keeps hooking people. 'I:da'a to:lo 'o cum
hekid mo'ockvup. This bull is always trying to hook me.

mo'ocud Vtr sgo [Neutr: def mo'oc]: to make somebody's hair grow

mo'ocug Vtr: to move with one's head resting on obj (such as a pillow)

mo'og s- Stat impers: to be full of hair in one location

 61

mo'ogid/ mo'opi'ok

mo'ogid Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-mo'og; hort 'e-mo'ogid]: to shake one's head
ex: 'Emo'og 'at. He shook his head. Pi g 'am 'emo'ogid! Don't shake your head!

mo'oj N indiv [pl: moomij]: stamp

ex: Pt o ha g mo'oj. Put a stamp (on the envelope)! Mo'oj shaamc ga hu si
'i(<'e)haap. A stamp being sticky can be glued (on to a surface). Moomij 'o
shahaam. Stamps are sticky.

mo'oka Vintr sgs: to pop up one's head (a plant that is sprouting)

ex: Hemu 'utk(<'atk) o mo'oka. Soon it is going to pop up its head. Mo'oka 'atk. It
has popped up its head.

mo'okaa Vintr sgs [Neutr: indef mo'okaa]: to pop up its head reiteratedly (of a
plant that is beginning to sprout)
ex: Heg 'o 'om(<'am) hab a(<va) mo'okaa, ku pi ma:c mas hascu u. It pops up its
head, I do not know what (kind of a plant) it is.

mo'okam N subst sg [pl: mo:mim]: one with a head

ex: ko'okmalk mo:mim= ones with flat heads -- ge'ege mo:mim= ones with big
heads -- sivok mo'okam cucul= a chicken with a tuft of feathers on its head. --si'isvok
mo:mim cucul= chickens with tufts of feathers on their heads
'Aj-Mo'okam NComp(?): a nickname (one-with-a-narrow-head)

mo'okam N subst sg [pl: mo:mim]: one with hair

ex: sto:ta mo'okam= one with white hair - - gevpk mo'okam= one with stiff hair

mo'okan Vintr sgs (for pls see moomo'okan) [Interr: mo'okana-him]: to pop up its head
(a plant that is sprouting)
ex: Mo'okanahim 'ok. It is popping up its head (with interruptions)

mo'okva (dial: mo'ocvig) N indiv [pl: mo'mokva (dial: mo'mocvig)]: tadpole

ex: Smu'ij g mo'mokva. Tadpoles are numerous.

mo'omcku see N mo'ocku = pillow

mo'omvup Vintr Repet sgs mult (for sing see mo'ovup): to bump one's head (against
something) in several places
ex: Kutp 'am hab si 'u:gk dadedc 'ab si mo'omvup. As she keeps jumping very high, she
keeps bumping her head real hard against it (the ceiling of the cave).

mo'opi'ok Vtr sgo [Neutr: def mo'opi'o; hort mo'opi'ok]: to scalp obj (same as
mo'otpig)
 62

mo'o/ mo'ovup

mo'o N inalien indiv [pl: mo:mo'o]: head of one's bed, space between one's head and
wall when one is lying down in bed
ex: 'Ab hacu:cia'a 'emo:mo'o hega'i 'ekukuiku. They each leaned their flute against the
wall at the head of their beds.

mo'oc semi Stat intr sgs (for pls see mo'moc): to have one's head (on, against
something)
ex: ... da:m-ka:cim ba:o mo'oc ke:k. ... (the cloud) stands (like a mountain) pressing its
head against the sky.

mo'op Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see mo:mo'op) [Neutr: def mo'o; hort mo'op[]]: to
press one's head (against something); to come out (of the top of a plant)

mo'ot Vintr sgs [Neutr: def mo'ot. Interr: mo'ota-him]: to grow (of hair)
ex: Mo'otahim 'o. His hair is growing.

mo'otak (dial: mo'ostois) N alien aggreg: wild asparagus (the stems were eaten either
raw or boiled or roasted in ashes)

mo'otakag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of wild asparagus in one location

mo'otpig Vtr sgo [Neutr: def mo'otp; hort mo'otpig]: to scalp obj (same as mo'opi'ok)

mo'ova Vintr Unit (for Repet see mo'ovup) sgs (for pls see mo:miva) [Neutr: def
and hort mo'ova. Correl: mo'ova-k; immed: mo'ova-ka-'i]: to bump one's head (against
something) in one place; to lay one's head down
ex: 'I 'ant gei 'ab mo'ovak 'ab 'u:st'ab. I fell having bumped my head against the tree.

mo'o-vakon Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-mo'o-vako]: to wash one's hair

ex: Nt o mo'o-vako. I'Il wash my hair.

mo'ovha N aggreg: (Engehmann's) hedgehog cactus

mo'ovhaig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of hedgehog cacti in one location

mo'ovup/ mo'ovop Vintr Repet (for Unit see mo'ova) sgs (for pls see mo:mivup)
sing (for mult see mo'omvup) [Neutr: indef mo'ovup. Dur: mo'ovupa-d]: to bump one's
head (against something) in one place, to lay one's head down, repeatedly
ex: Si dadedc ga hu mo'ovop vavt'aba'i. As she keeps jumping she keeps bumping her
head against the rock (the ceiling of the cave). Ku 'ea g hab g hodai daha matp
heg'ab mo'ovupc koka. Meanwhile there was (sat) the stone on which he laid down his
head and slept (every night).
 63

mo:g/ mo:moop

mo:-

mo:g in ha'icu mo:g NExpr sing [mult: ha'icu ha-mo:g]: waste, useless part(s) of
something
kavh:-mo:g NComp alien: coffee grounds
mu:-mo:g NComp alien: bean straw
pilka-mo:g NComp alien: wheat straw

mo:gag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of useless remains of something

ex: Smo:gag 'am 'oidagc'e. It's full of straw (either wheat or beans) in the field.
Smo:gag 'am 'alhait'am. It's full of straw on the threshing floor. Smo:gag 'am ta:sac'e.
It's full of coffee grounds in the cup.

mo:kaj see N moho = beargrass

mo:mim see N subst: mo'okam = with a head, with hair

mo:miva Vintr Unit (for Repet see mo:mivup) pls (for sgs see mo'ova) [Neutr: def
and hort mo:miva]: to bump one's head (against something), to lay one's head down

mo:mivup Vintr Repet (for Unit see mo:miva) pls (for sgs see mo'ovup) [Neutr:
indef mo:mivup]: to bump one's head (against something); to lay one's head down
repeatedly

mo:m see N mo'o = head, hair

mo:m[] see Stat mo'o = to have a head; to have hair

mo:mli (Engl: Mormon) N: a Mormon

ex: Hi vu milign. (A Mormon) is (I think) a White man.

mo:mooka Vintr pls (for sgs see mo'oka) [Neutr: def mo:mooka]: to pop up
their heads (plants that are beginning to sprout)
ex: Hemu 'utk(<atk) o mo:mo'oka. Soon they are going to pop their heads up.

mo:mo'okan Vintr pls (for sgs see mo'okan) [Interr: mo:mo'okana-him]: to pop up
their heads (plants that are beginning to sprout; same as mo:mo'oka?)

mo:mo'o see N mo'o = head of one's bed

mo:moop Vintr pls (for sgs see moop) [Neutr: def mo:mo'o; hort mo:mo'op[]]:
to press one's head (against something); to come out (the top of a plant)
 64

mo:ms/ mo:t

mo:ms see N mo:s = maternal grandchild

mo:ms ha'o:g NExpr inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg mo:msi-j ha'o:g)]: son-in-law;
mother-in-law

mo:msim 'e-N: a couple consisting of a maternal grandmother and a grandchild

mo:msim vu Stat Expr: to be a maternal grandmother, (a woman with grandchildren)

ex: D(<vu) 'a mo:msim. I am a maternal grandmother.

mo:ms-'o'og see NComp moi-'o:g = son-in-law; mother-in-law

mo:ms-'o'ogam 'e-N: a couple being son-in-law and mother-in-law to each other

mo:mt Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-momto'o) [Neutr: def and hort 'e-mo:mt.
Correl: 'e-mo:mt-k; immed: 'e-mo:mt-ka-'i]: to ride double (on horseback, or
donkeyback)
ex: Tt o tmo:mt. The two of us will ride double 'Oia 'an hab haha 'emo:mt. Then, both
of them rode double. N g o 'o(<'e)mo:mt! You both ride double! Tt o tmo:mtka'i!
We'Il ride double (for a short while)! 'E-g-o-'o(<'e)mo:mtka'i! You(pl) ride double (for
a short while)!

mo:mtc semi Stat reflex: to be sitting double on a mount

ex: 'Emo:mtc. They are sitting double (on horseback).

mo:mtcug Vreflex: to be moving riding double

ex: 'Emo:mtcug. They are riding double.

mo:mto'id Vdtr mult (for sing see mo:to'id) [Neutr: def mo:mto'i; hort mo:mto'id]: to
carry several loads of obj for somebody
ex: Ha'i mo:mto'id g 'o'o! Get me several loads of gravel!

mo:s N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg mo:si-j); pl: mo:ms]: maternal grandchild (term
used by the mother's mother to refer to and address her daughter's children; the reciprocal
term is hu'ul. The term is also used by the mother's mother's siblings to refer to and
address their sister's daughter's children; the reciprocal terms are hu'ul keli and hu'ul
['oks])

mo:t see Vtr mo:to'o = to put obj on one's head in order to carry it
 65

mo:tc/ muadag

mo:tc semi Stat tr: to have obj on one's head

ex: Ha'a mo:tc. She has an olla on her head. ... ge ku'ag-gakidag mo:tc. ... it has
something like dry wood on its head (description of a deer by children who had never
seen one before).

mo:tcug Vtr [Neutr: indef mo:tcug]: to be carrying obj on one's head

mo:tk see Vtr mo:to'o = to put obj on one's head in order to carry it

mo:tk Vtr Correl: to give obj a ride behind oneself on a horse

ex: Nt o mmo:tk. I'Il give you(sg) a ride behind me.

mo:to'id Vdtr sing (for mult see mo:mto'id) [Neutr: def mo:to'i; hort mo:to'id]: to
carry one load of obj for somebody; to put the responsibility of obj on somebody
ex: Ha'i mo:to'id g 'o'o! Get me one load (either on truck or wagon) of gravel!
Hegam a'i-vu:pulim 'an o mo:to'i g tlo:gi mat 'i o mel! The truck that will come here will
carry those bales of hay. B(<'ab) 'at o mo:to'i g pi 'apekam. They will put the
responsibility of evil on me. Pi g 'ab hu mo:to'id! Don't put the responsibility on me!

mo:to'o (assimil *mo:to'a) Vtr Unit (for Repet see momto'o) [Neutr: def mo:t; indef
mo:to'o; hort mo:to'-i. Correl: mo:t-k; immed: mo:t-ka-'i]: to put obj on one's head in
order to carry it; to take the responsibility for obj
ex: Nt o 'i mo:t. I'Il put it (a jar) on my head. ... 'an hab o ho(<ha)dad hegam 'a'al k o
'i hamo:t gm hu 'eki: vui. ... she will put those children there (in the carrying basket), and
she will carry them to her house (the carrying basket is held by a strap around the
forehead). Ka:litkaj 'ant o a 'i mo:t. I'Il carry it with the wagon. M g 'i mo:to'i! Put it
on your head (to carry it)! ia k 'im hab 'i mo:tk 'im hab hi:. Well, and after putting it
on her head (the strap holding the carrying basket), she left.

mu-

mua see Vtr mu'a = to kill obj

mua see Vreflex 'e-mu'a = to kill oneself
mua'i see Vtr mu'a = to kill obj

muadag in ha'icu muadag NExpr aggreg: tassel(s)

ka:u-muadag NComp: sugar cane tassel(s)
hu:-muadag NComp: corn tassel(s)
 66

muadag/ mul[i]n

muadag s- Stat: to be full of tassels (of either corn or sugar cane)

muadaj N aggreg: tassels of either corn or sugar cane (its tassels)

muadkam N subst: one with tassels

muadkam in ce'ecev-muadkam-pilka NComp alien aggreg: a variety of

wheat, long headed (tasseled) wheat

muadt Vintr [Neutr: def muadt. Interr: muadta-him]: to grow tassels (corn, sugar
cane)
ex: Cevek 'ab o 'i muadt. After it has grown tall it will grow tassels. Si 'i muadt g
hu:. The corn has grown a lot of tassels. Muadtahim 'o. It is growing tassels.

muguv Vintr: to undulate, ripple (as wheat in the wind)

ex: Muguv 'o g pilka. Wheat undulates (in the wind).

muguvdag in ha'icu muguvdag NExpr: undulation/ rippling of something

pilka-muguvdag NComp: undulation of wheat in the wind

muhaagim s- Adj sg [pl: s-mumhaagim]: brown (greasy colored)

ex: Smuhaagim 'ant o ma:sid. I'll dye it brown. Smumhaagim 'ant o ho(<ha)mamsid.
I'll dye them brown.

muhaag s-Adj sg [pl: s-mumhaag]: brown (greasy colored)

ex: smuhaag lo:ba= brown material

muhaag[] s- Stat sgs [pls: s-mumhaag[]: to be brown (greasy colored)

ex: a 'a(<'o) va smuhaag. It is light brown. Si smuhaag. It is pure brown.
Scukuma smuhaag. It is dark brown.

Muhaag N: name of a mountain (one of the Estrella mountains)

mul see Vtr mul[i]n = to break obj

mul see Vreflex 'e-mul[i]n = to break

mul[i]n Vtr sgo (for plo see 'o:m[i]n) [Neutr: def mul; hort mulin; imper sgs mulna-.
Correl: mulin-k; immed: mulin-ka-'i]: to break off obj (by bending it in one try)
ex: Matt g 'u:s o bek k 'am o si mul ... (to break something is) as when we take a stick in
order to break it. Nt o mul g 'u:s. I'll break off a stick. Mul 'at g cekvo. He/it broke
my ankle. Mul g 'ekahio. He broke his (own) leg. B(<'ab) g 'i mulin g 'u:s! Break
 67

mul[i]n/ mumk[]cud
off a stick! Pi g 'am mulin g 'ekahio! Don't you(sg) break your leg! ... t 'am hab g
'u:s mulink heghekaj 'am si hovinahim. ... (it is said that) having broken off a stick with it
they kept poking down there (into the hole).

mul[i]n V reflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'o:m[i]n) [Neutr: def 'e-mul]: to break when bent
ex: 'Emul g 'u:s. The stick broke. 'Emul g vainom. The piece of iron broke. N(<'an)
g 'i dagimun 'ana'i mat 'an 'emul g nnovi! Massage me where my arm broke! Pi vo a
'emul. It (a certain kind of wood) will not break.

muli Adj sg (for pl see 'o:mi): broken

ex: muli kahiokam= one with a broken leg

muli Stat sgs (for pls see 'o:mi): to be broken

ex: No muli g mnov? Is your arm broken? Muli 'o. It is broken.

mul[i]id Vdtr sgo (for plo see 'o:m[i]id) [Neutr: def muli; hort mulid]: to break
off obj (by bending it for somebody)
ex: 'I ha mulid! Break me a piece of it (a candy stick)!

muli Vtr sgo (for plo see 'o:mi) [Neutr: indef muli. Dur: muliad]: to break off obj
by bending it reiteratedly
ex: Cum muli. He tried in vain to break it off (a branch).

mulig in ha'icu mulig NExpr sg (for pl see ha'icu 'o:mig): broken piece of
something
kui-mulig NComp: a broken piece of mesquite

muligaj N sg (for pl see 'o:migaj): a broken piece of something specific (its

broken piece)

mumhaagim see Adv s-muhaagim = brown

mumhaag see Adj s-muhaag = brown
mumhaag[] see Stat s-muhaag[]: to be brown

mumkidag N inalien: sickness, illness

ex: Natk o ta hi: g mumkidag? Does it look like the sickness will last long?

mumk[]cud Vtr sgo (for plo see kokoicud) [Neutr: def mumkc; hort mumk[]kud]:
to make obj get sick
ex: Natk o mumkc? Is it going to make him (get) sick? Tk o mumkc. Is it going to
make me (g) sick? Pt o mumkc. You're going to get me sick. mumkc 'at g
ma:gina. The car got me sick. Pi g 'am mumkcud! Don't make me sick!
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mumku/ mummu

mumku (redupl of *mu:ku) Vintr sgs (for pls see koko) [Neutr: indef mumku; concurs
mumku-c. Dur: mumku-d. Interr: mumku-him]: to get sick
ex: M(<'am) 'a ab a(<va) 'i mumku. I am still sick. ... ku 'ea hab mumkuc 'am vo'o.
Meanwhile, he was lying in bed sick. Natk o ta mumkud? Does it look like he will
be sick long? Nap mumkuhim? Have you been sick? ka: 'a map mumkuhim. I
hear that you've been sick.

mumkudam N subst sg (for pl see kokdam): an invalid (a sick one)

mumkudam vu Stat Expr sgs (for pls see vu kokdam): to be an invalid

ex: B(<hab) 'o ma:s mat hema u o si mumkudamk. He looks like one who is very sick.

mumkudma s- Vintr sgs: to appear to be sick

ex: K 'ab hi smumkudma. I thought he was sick.

mumkuimk s- Stat sgs [Neutr: indef and def s-mumkuimk]: to get sick easily

mumkuimkam s- N subst sg: one who gets sick easily

mumla hahu:ga NExpr: a variety of corn (also called ge'ege-hu:)

mummu Vtr Repet (for Unit see mu:) [Neutr: indef mummu]: to hit obj every time
(when shooting with gun or bow and arrow)
ex: Heg 'o 'on(<'an) mummu g hapodkaj. He hits him/it every time with an arrow.

mummu (redupl of mu:) Vreflex [Neutr: def, hort and indef 'e-mummu]: to practice
shooting (with gun or bow and arrow)
ex: Tt o tmummu. We'll practice shooting.

mummu (redupl of mu:) Vtr [Neutr: def and hort mummu]: to wound obj (by shooting
with gun or bow and arrow)
ex: B(<vab) mummu. He just wounded it/him. Pi mu'ak ab mummu g huav. He did
not kill the deer, he only wounded it. Mummu 'unt(<'ant). I wounded him/it . eid
'a g huav maptk mummu. I saw the deer that you wounded. mummu 'umt(<'amt). I
was wounded by someone. Go:k 'ant hamummu g huav. I wounded two deer. Pi g
'am mummu! Don't wound it/him!

mummu (redupl of *mu:) Vtr [Neutr: indef mummu]: to miss obj, to shoot several
times when trying to kill obj, to wound obj
ex: Cum hekid ab hamummu. He only wounds them (he is a bad shot and only wounds
game, never killing anything).
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mummu/ muta

mummu Vreflex: to practice shooting

mummua N inalien: one wounded by somebody's shot (from gun or bow and arrow)
ex: eid 'a g mmummua. I saw the one wounded by you (your wounded one). eid
'a g huav hamummua. I saw a wounded deer (someone's wounded one).

mummuag see N mu:ag = wound (by bullet or arrow)

mummuag see Stat mu:ag = to have a wound (by bullet or arrow)
mummuagam see N subst mu:agam = one with a wound (by bullet or arrow)

mummuas Stat: to be wounded (by bullet or arrow)

ex: Mummuas 'o. He is wounded.

mummukam see N subst mu:kam = one with a wound by bullet or arrow

mummuvalig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-mumuvalig): to be full of flies in
various locations

mumsigo see N musigo = musician

mumta see N muta = a flat dish
mum[u]la see N mu:la = mule
mumu see N mu: = beans

mumu-hido N alien mass: beans and rice stew

mumuval see N mu:val = fly

mumuval hakokdaiku NExpr aggreg: fly swatter

mumuval haa:mudaku NExpr: something (like a a rag) used to chase flies away

mumuval haa:muddam NExpr aggreg: fly chasers (those who stand next to people
having their meals and chase the flies away)

mumuvalig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-mummuvalig): to be full of flies in
one location

musigo (Span: msico) N indiv [pl: mumsigo]: musician

muta N indiv [pl: mumta]: flat dish (used for roasting wheat and making pinole)
 70

mu'a-/ mu'aku

mu'a- Vtr Unit (for Repet see mu'ma) sgo (for plo see kokda) [Neutr: def mua; hort
mua-'i, imper sgs mu'a-, pls mu'a-vo. Correl: mu'a-k; immed: mu'a-ka-'i. Compl: mu'-ok;
immed: mu'-oka'-i. Interr: mu'a-him]: to kill obj
ex: Pi 'imt(<'amt) voho vo mua, sdoajk 'o. You(pl) will not be able to kill it, it's wild.
Hemako 'ont(<'ant) mua g huav. I killed one deer. Bihugig mua. He died of starvation
(starvation killed him). Ma:gina mua. He was killed in a car accident (a car killed him.
... ghekaj mamt o mua. ... because I will get killed (someone will kill me). ...
hegam haka:k mamt gm hu mua. ... their grandmother who had been killed over there
(whom someone had killed). Pi g 'am mua'i! Don't kill it/him! Mu'ahim 'o. He is in
the process of killing it/him. Ha'icu o 'i hamu'ahi. He will kill anything (that he
encounters on his way). Kunt o mmu'ak o mhido. I'll kill you and cook you. 'A
ba:pt g tova mu'ak 'i a 'u'apa? When on earth did you bring here a turkey that you had
killed? ... hema ha'icu o mu'ak 'am o 'u'apa. ... someone will kill something and take it
there. ia k 'am 'i mu'ok gm hu hihi 'u:pam. Well, and after killing him they went back
home. Nt o she:kigk 'am mu'oka'i. I'll be happy after I have killed it/him.

mu'a Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-kokda) [Neutr: def 'e-mua]: to kill oneself
ex: Ma:ginat'ab 'emua. He killed himself in an automobile accident (in a car).

mu'a N inalien sg (for pl see kokdai)[1st pers sg: -mu'a; 3rd pers sg: mu'a-j]: one's
kill

mu'adag s-cu Stat sgs (for pls see s-cu-ko'idag): to be good at hunting, at killing
things
ex: Heg 'o scumu'adag/ha'icu smu'adag. He is good at hunting.

mu'adc N inalien sg (for pl see ko'odc) [distr: mu'madc]: corpse (of a person or an
animal that has been killed); one's first kill
ex: Pi vo hu: g 'emu'adc! You(sg) will not eat your first kill! Pi vo hu: g 'emu'madc!
None of you(pl) will eat your first kill!

mu'adkam s-cu N subst (for pl see s-cu-ko'idkam): one good at hunting, at killing
things

mu'adkam vu s-cu Stat Expr sgs (for pls see vu s-cu-ko'idkam): to be one who
is good at hunting, at killing things

mu'ajid (dial: me'id/ me'ijid) Vdtr sgo (for plo see ko'ijid) [Neutr: def mu'aj; hort
mu'ajid]: to kill obj for somebody

mu'aku N sing (for mult see kokdaiku): place where/ instrument with which one
kills something
 71

mu'aku/ mu'ij

mu'aku in Ho'ok Mu'aku NExpr(?): name of a hill (Where the Ho'ok was killed)

mu'am s- V subst tr sgo (for plo see s-kokdaim): to feel like killing obj
ex: Kavyu cum smu'am hega'i viappoi. The horse is trying to/wishes to kill that boy.

mu'i: Mod subst: much, many, a lot, a lot of

ex: Vo ma: g mu'i lial/ Mu'i vo ma: g lial. Give him a lot of money. Mu'i 'o 'om(<'am)
cu:c g 'u'us. Many trees are (standing) there. 'Am 'atp ve:c g mu'i lial. There lies a lot
of money. ... heghekaj mo mu'i 'i vaidasc ababa pi mu'i vo 'e'ui. ... because many are
called but few are chosen (taken). Mu'i (<'a) lialga. I have a lot of money.

mu'icu N subst: high number(s), the highest number(s), score

ex: ... k 'ea heg hi a(<va) uligahim g mu'icu. ... and meanwhile, he (the boy) kept
scoring the highest points (throwing the highest numbers).

mu'ida Vintr [Neutr: def mu'ida. Interr: mu'ida-him]: to become abundant, numerous, to
increase in number
ex: Mu'ida 'at g 'a'al. The number of children has increased (children have become
numerous). Mu'idahim 'o g kakma. The number of my grandchildren is increasing
(my son's children are becoming many). Mu'idahim 'o g haivaga. My herd is
increasing.

mu'idajid Vtr Unit (for Repet see mu'muidajid) [Neutr: def mu'idaj; hort
mu'idajid]: to increase the number of obj (with mass obj, see ge'edajid)
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)mu'idaj g haivaga. I'll increase my herd (the number of cows). Ha-
g-mu'idajid g 'ehaivaga! Why don't you(sg) increase your herd!

mu'i ha'icu Pron Expr: many things, a lot of things

ex: Mu'i '(<'a) ha'icu 'egid. I own many things. Mu'i 'o ha'icu 'am hab cu'ig 'am
Tucsont'am. There are lots of things (to see) in Tucson.

mu'ij Quant: many of (qualifying the subject of a clause)

ex: Mu'ij 'att 'am hihi. Many of us went there. ... mamt mu'ij 'am o hihi. ... that many
of you will go there. Tako 'ott(<'att) mu'ij town vui. Yesterday many of us went to
town. ... mat mu'ij o dada 'ab ta'iji ... that many of them will come from upstream.

mu'ij Stat: to be abundant, numerous

ex: No mu'ij g bahidaj 'id 'ahid 'ab? Is the saguaro crop abundant this year? Mu'ij 'o. It
is abundant. Nam mu'ij 'am 'evatto 'ama'i? Are you many at your cactus camp?
Mu'ij 'ac. We are many. Pi 'ic(<'ac) mu'ij. We are not many. Vab si mu'ij. It's too
much/ there are too many of them. Pi 'o a 'i mu'ij g 'o'o. There is not enough sand.
Cum 'o mu'ijkahim. It/they used to be abundant.
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mu'ij/ mu'uk

mu'ij s- Stat: to be extremely abundant, numerous

ex: ... 'am smu'ij hega'i 'ihug. ... devilsclaw bushes are extremely abundant down there.

mu'ik[h]o/ mu'ikko Adv: many times, often

ex: Mu'ikho 'ont(<'ant) 'am a(<va) 'i hi:. I have been there many times (already).
Mu'ikho pi 'ap havo:gid hegam 'a'al. Often they are a bad example for the children.
Nam mu'ikho pipiast? Do you(pl) feast often?

mu'ikhon da:m Adv Expr: over and over again, repeatedly (same as mu'in da:m)
ex: Nt o mehi g kanjul mu'ikhon da:m. I'll light up the candle again and again.

mu'ikpa Adv: in many ways

ex: Mu'ikpa hab 'e'a'aga. It has many names (it is called in many ways).

mu'in da:m Adv Expr subst: over and over again (same as mu'ikhon da:m)

mu'ipa Adv subst: in many places

ex: Mu'ipa 'o 'o(<'e)vapccvi. Swimming is done in many places (along the coast).

mu'ma Vtr Repet (for Unit see mu'a-) sgo [Neutr: indef mu'ma. Dur: mu'ma-d]: to kill
obj repeatedly

mu'madc see N mu'adc = one's first kill

mu'muidad Vimpers tr Repet [Neutr: indef mu'muidad]: to increase obj repeatedly

ex: Si mu'muidad g nsisvaag. It increases my saliva each time.

mu'muidajid Vtr Repet (for Unit see mu'idajid) [Neutr: indef mu'muidajid]: to
accumulate obj (with mass nouns obj see gegedajid)

mu'ok, mu'oka'i see Vtr mu'a- = to kill obj

mu'uk s- Adv sg [pl: s-mu'umk]: pointed, sharp

ex: Nap eid g smu'uk do'ag gn hu? Do you see that pointed mountain over there?

mu'uk s- Stat sgs [pls: s-mu'umk]: to be pointed, sharp

ex: Mo g vainom. (to be sharp is) what a knife is. Smu'uk 'o hega'i do'ag. That
mountain is pointed. Smu'umk 'o. They are pointed.
 73

mu'uka/ mu'ukug

mu'uka Vintr sgs (for pls see mu'umka) [Neutr: def mu'uka. Interr: mu'uka-him]: to
become pointed, sharp
ex: Mu'uka 'at g la:bis. The pencil is pointed. M(<'am) 'at a(<va) mu'uka. It's sharp
enough (now). Mu'ukahim 'o g vainomi. The knife is getting sharp.

mu'uka Vimpers tr sing (for mult see mu'umka) [Neutr: def mu'uka. Interr: mu'uka-
him]: to make obj get a pimple
ex: Tk o mu'uka. It will make me get a pimple (it will give me a pimple).

mu'ukad Vtr sgo (for plo see mu'umkad) [Neutr: def and hort mu'ukad]: to sharpen
obj (same a mu'ukaid)
ex: Nt o 'i mu'ukad g la:bis. I'll sharpen my pencil. Nt o mu'ukad g vainomga. I'll
sharpen my knife.

mu'uk[a]daku in ha'icu mu'uk[a]daku NExpr indiv [pl: ha'icu

mu'umk[a]daku]: instrument with which to sharpen something
la:bis-mu'ukadaku NComp: pencil sharpener
vainomi-mu'ukadaku NComp: knife sharpener

mu'ukaid Vtr sgo (for plo see mu'umkaid) [Neutr: def mu'ukai; hort mu'ukaid]: to
sharpen obj (same as mu'ukad)

mu'ukalig N inalien indiv [sg(1rst pers sg: -mu'ukalig) pl: mu'umkalig]: pimple

mu'ukam s- Adv sg [pl: s-mu'umkam]: pointed

ex: 'Al smu'ukam haki:c. He built them a somewhat pointed house (a cage). 'Al
smu'umkam haki:c. He built each one of them a somewhat pointed house.

mu'ukdag in ha'icu mu'ukdag NExpr indiv [pl: ha'icu mu'umkdag]: blade

gi:ki-mu'ukdag NComp: plow share
hava-mu'ukdag NComp: pocketknife blade
vainomi-mu'ukdag NComp: knife blade
'o:sa-mu'ukdag NComp: sickle blade

mu'ukdaj N sg: blade of a specific instrument (its blade)

mu'uk[h]o (dial: mu'uk[h]u) Vintr sgs [Neutr: def mu'ukho. Interr: mu'ukho'him]: to
become dull, blunt
ex: Mu'ukho 'ot(<'at) g la:bis. The pencil has gotten dull.

mu'ukug s- Stat sgs [pls: s-mu'umkug]: to be sharp

ex: Smu'ukug 'o g la:bis. My pencil is sharp.
 74

mu'ukugam/ mu:

mu'ukugam s- Mod sg [pl: s-mu'umkugam]: sharp

ex: Smu'ukugam ma:s. It looks sharp. smu'ukugam vainomgakam= one with a sharp
knife

mu'umk see Adj s-mu'uk = pointed

mu'umk see Stat s-mu'uk = to be pointed

mu'umka Vintr pls (for sgs see mu'uka) [Neutr: def mu'umka. Interr: mu'umka-him]:
to become pointed, sharp

mu'umka Vimpers tr mult (for sing see mu'uka) [Neutr: def mu'umka. Interr:
mu'umka-him]: to make obj get pimples, goose pimples
ex: mu'umka. It gave me goose pimples (made me get goose pimples).

mu'umkad Vtr plo (for (for sgs see mu'ukad) [Neutr: def, hort and indef mu'umkad]:
to sharpen obj (same as mu'umkaid)

mu'umkaid Vtr plo (for sgo see mu'ukaid) [Neutr: def mu'umkai; hort and indef
mu'umkaid]: to sharpen obj (same as mu'umkad)

mu'umkalig see N mu'ukalig = pimple

mu'umkam see Adv s-mu'ukam = pointedly
mu'umkug see Stat s-mu'ukug = to be sharp

mu'umk-'a'atam-ha:l NComp aggreg: a variety of squash (squash-with-pointed-

bottoms)

mu'umuvij see Adv s-mu:vij = wedge-shaped, triangularly

mu'umuvijk see Stat s-mu:vijk = to be wedge-shaped, triangular

mu:-

mu: see Vintr mu:k- = to die

mu: Vtr Unit (for Repet see mu:mmu) [Neutr: def mu:; hort mu:-'i]: to shoot and hit
obj (with bullet or arrow)
 75

mu:/ mu:kig

ex: Pi 'intk(<'antk) o mu: g huav. I won't be able to hit the deer. Nt o mmu:. I'll shoot
you(sg). Pi g 'an hu mu:'i! Don't shoot him/it (in the back or side)! Pi g 'ab hu
mu:'i! Don't shoot me (in front)!

mu:ag N inalien sg [pl: mummuag]: wound (by bullet or arrow)

mu:ag Stat sing [mult: mummuag]: to have a wound (by bullet or arrow)

mu:agam N subst sing [mult: mummuagam]: one with a wound (by bullet or arrow)
(same as mu:kam)

mu:kam N subst sing [mult: mummukam]: one with a wound (by bullet or arrow)
(same as mu:agam)

mu:gi'a Vintr [Neutr: def, hort, and indef mu:gi'a; imper sgs mu:gi'a-]: to sit
motionlessly (old word)
ex: 'Am havui mu:gi'a. He is sitting motionlessly facing them.

mu:k- Vintr sgs (for pls see ko'o) [Neutr: def mu:; hort mu:k; imper mu:ki-. Correl:
mu:-k; immed: mu:-ka-'i. Interr: mu:k[i]-him]: to die
ex: Mat hekid o pi 'i:bhe, k heg hab 'e'a'aga "mu: 'at". Of one who does not breathe one
says "he died". Hemu 'ut(<'at) o mu:. He is going to die soon. Pi 'i(<'a) 'e:bid
mant o mu:. I am not afraid of dying. B(<vab) 'am si mu:. He died suddenly (as of a
heart attack). Mu: bihugimk. He died of starvation (from getting starved). Mu:
tonomk. He died of thirst (from getting thirsty). Pi g 'am mu:k! Don't die!
Mu:khim 'o. He is dying. Hemu 'u(<'o) mu:khim. Right now he is dying. Mu:ka'ik
haha 'ap(<'ep) 'ecegto. He died and immediately after he came back to life.

mu:k- g maad VExpr: there is an eclipse of the moon

ex: T mu: g maad. There was an eclipse of the moon (hearsay).

mu:k- in opol mu:k- VExpr sgs: to faint, pass out (see also s-'e-cuhugid)
ex: opol mu:. He fainted (he died for a short time).

mu:k- in vab mu:k- g 'e-cu:kug VExpr sgs: to become paralyzed

ex: B(<vab) 'i mu: g ncu:kug. I am paralyzed (my body just died).

mu:kig in ha'icu mu:kig NExpr sg (for pls see ha'icu ko'idag): carcass, dead
remnant (of an animal or a plant that has died of natural causes)
ex: ... c heg 'an 'ep 'oimme mat ha'icu mu:kig vo hu:. ... and that one (a buzzard) also
moves around and eats carcasses.
haiva-mu:kig NComp: corpse of a cow, a dead cow
 76

mu:kig/ mu:gakam
maad-mu:kig NComp[loc: maad-mu:kig-c-'e]: last quarter of the moon (same as
maad-huhugig)
'auppa-mu:kig NComp: a dead cottonwood tree

mu:kigaj N: corpse, dead remnant of a specific entity (its corpse)

ex: ... mo 'om(<'am) vo'o hega'i mu:kigaj. ... whose corpse is lying down there.

mu:kigk in 'Auppa Mu:kigk subst NExpr(?): name of a village (where there is a

dead cottonwood tree)

mu:k N inalien sg (for pl see ko'i): corpse, dead body (of a person that has died of
natural causes)
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) 'e:bid g mu:k. I am not afraid of a corpse. -- Hega'i mu:k 'u:pam o
'ecegto. The dead one will come back to life.

mu:k vu Stat Expr sgs (for pls see vu ko'i): to be a corpse, a dead one
ex: ... hega'i matp u mu:k. ... that one who might be a corpse.

mu:k Adv sg: dead

mu:k 'i ge: VExpr Unit intr sgs: to bowl one over with surprise (to fall dead)

mu:la (Span: mula) N alien indiv [sg (1rst pers sg -mu:la=ga); pl: mum[u]la]: mule

mu: N alien aggreg [(1st pers sg -mu:=ga]; distr: mumu]: beans

ex: Pi 'o ha'i vi'is g mu:. There are not any beans left.
ge'ege-mu: NComp alien aggreg: long red beans (a variety of beans, also called
vepeg-mu:)

mu:ame Vintr Unit sgs [Neutr: def mu:am; hort mu:ame]: to go after beans

mu: bi: NExpr inalien[ 1rst pers sg: mu: -bi:; 3rd pers sg: mu: bi:-j]: a plateful of
beans

mu:ga Stat: to have beans

ex: Nap ha'i mu:ga? Do you have some beans?

mu:ga s- Stat: to have a lot of beans

mu:gakam N subst: one having beans

Muadk-Mu:gakam NComp(?): a nickname (the-one-with-the-wrinkled-beans)
 77

mu:-/ mu:vijk

mu:-hido NComp alien mass [(1st pers sg -mu:-hido=ga); distr: mu:-hihido]:

bean stew
ex: Ha bia g mu:-hido! Dish out some of the bean stew! Vo bibbia g 'emu:-
hihidoga! Each one of you will dish out your own bean stew!

mu:ig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of beans in one location

mu:-mo:g NComp alien: bean straw

mu:-vihogdag NComp alien aggreg: bean pod(s); string beans

pi:ndo-mu: NComp alien aggreg: a variety of beans, Pinto beans (also called s'o'oi-
mu:)
to:ta-mu: NComp alien aggreg: a variety of beans, Navy beans
vepeg-mu: NComp alien aggreg: a variety of beans (long red beans; also called
ge'ege-mu:)
s'o'oi-mu: NComp alien aggreg: Pinto beans, a variety of beans (also called pi:ndo-
mu:)

mu:s N inalien: vagina (also called u:d)

ex: 'U'uv hi 'egid hega'i ma u mu:s. Women have that which is called vagina.

mu:val (dial: mu:valum) N indiv [pl: mumuval]: fly, insect of the fly or bee type
ex: Smu'ij g mumuval 'ama'i. Flies are numerous down there. Hegam mo 'in 'oiyopo
ki:c'e mo ha'icu 'iajid. (Flies are) those that go around in the house, that are on things.
Pi ke:gaj 'i:da'a mumuval, 'u'ukc g mumkidag c cum hascu 'iajid. They are no good these
flies, they carry diseases and they are on everything.
ce:dag-mu:val NComp indiv: a dangerous variety of flies (green fly)
ko:mag-mu:val NComp indiv: a dangerous variety of flies (grey fly)

mu:valcud Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-mu:valc; hort 'e-mu:valcud]: to turn into a fly

mu:val-sitol NComp alien mass [1st pers sg: -mu:val-sitol=ga]= honey (also called
pan:l-sitol)
sisto'oltdam-mu:val NComp indiv: honey bee (also called pan:l)

mu:vij s- Adv sg [pl: s-mu'umuvij]= wedge-shaped, in the shape of a triangle

ex: Smu:vij o hikc! Cut it in the shape of a triangle! Smu'umuvij o hikkumi'o! Cut it
(material) in triangles!

mu:vijk s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-mu:vijk); pls: s-mu'umuvijk]= to be wedge-

shaped, triangular
 78

mu:'i/ naipijhu

mu:'i see Vtr mu: = to hit obj (when shooting at it with gun or bow and arrow)

na-

nagia Vtr Unit (for Repet see nangi'a) sgo (for plo see na:ngi'a) [Neutr: def and hort
nagia. Correl: nagia-k; immed: nagia-ka-'i. Compl: nagia-yok; immed: nagia-yoka-'i.
Interr: nagia-him]: to hang up obj
ex: Nt o nagia g liva. I'll hang up my coat. 'ab o nagia silt'aba'i! Hang it on the
saddle! 'An g nagia! Hang it (on it)! 'Am g nagia closet-c'e! Hang it up in the
closet! Ha'icu 'i hahu:c 'in 'i nagiahi 'e'ab. She had hung a row of hooves on herself.

nagia Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-na:ngi'a): to hang on to something

ex: Nt o nnagia vijinat'ab. I'll hang on to the rope. Si 'i(<'e)nagia 'ab vopo 'ab! Hang
on tight to its mane!

nagia Stat intr [sgs (Neutr: indef nagia. Interr: nagia=ka-him); pls: na:ngi'a]: to be
hanging
ex: M 'o nagia. It is hanging there. M 'o na:ngi'a. They are hanging there. Vonomij
'an nagia g'aba'i. His hat is hanging on it. g'ab a(<va) na:ngi'a g 'egaj. His outfit
was hanging on it (hearsay)

nagiacug Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-na:ngi'acug) [Neutr: indef 'e-nagiacug. Dur: 'e-
nagiacuga-d]: to be hanging on to something moving (such as a car, a horse)

nagiak in Si:l Nagiak NExpr: a village (where a saddle is hanging)

nagiakc semi Stat reflex sgs (for pls see 'e-na:ngi'akc) [Neutr: indef nagiakc. Dur:
nagiakci-d]: to be holding on to something that is hanging

nagiaku N inalien indiv [pl: na:ngi'aku]: cradle; clothes hanger

nahagio N indiv [pl: nanhagio]: mouse

ex: Smu'ij g nanhagio 'ama'i. There are lots of mice down there.

nai see Vintr na:d = to make a fire

naipijhu see N navoj = friend; brother or male cousin
naipijhu see Stat navoj = to have a friend
naipijhu see Stat Expr vu navoj = to be somebody's friend
 79

naipijhukim/ nakog

naipijhukim 'e- N [pl: 'e-na'naipijhukim]: a pair of friends, brothers, cousins (same as

'e-veponkam)

naipijhukim vu 'e- Stat Expr [pls: vu 'e-na'naipijhukim]: to be a pair of friends,

brothers, cousins
ex: D(<vu) 'o 'enaipijhukim.They are a pair of friends.

Nakaijigel N: name of a mountain (pierced ear)

nako see Vtr nakog = to stand, resist, endure obj

nako see Vreflex 'e-nakog = to make an effort, to exert oneself
nako see Vreflex 'e-nakog = to be able to do something
nako see Vreflex 'e-nakog = to get ready

nakog V [Neutr: def nako; indef nakog; concurs nakog-c Dur: nakoga-d. Interr:
nakog[i]-him]: to stand, resist, endure, obj
ex: Napt o a(<va) nako? Will you be able to stand it? Pt o si nako! Try as hard as you
can to stand it! Nt o si nako. I'll try as hard as I can to stand it. Heg 'at o si mu'i
ha'icu nako k haha pi vo 'enako. He'Il endure a lot of things before he gives up. 'Atp
'oia ha'i pi 'i nako g navait ... But some had not been able to stand the wine ... Kut 'i
hab 'i pi nako g hemajkam. At this point the people could no longer stand it. Tp 'am 'i
pi hanako hega'i Ha:a. Saguaro could not stand them any longer. Begi 'am 'i pi nako
... Well, she gave in to him ... a:cu 'upt 'ab o 'i nnako? You'Il be powerless against me
(how could you resist me?). Nakoghim 'a. I am suffering through it. Heg 'o mu'i
ha'icu nakoghim. He's going through a lot. M g 'i 'ep nakoghim! Stand it for a while
longer! Mu'i ha'icu nakog 'a. I am going through a lot (of suffering). Heg 'a
nakogc 'i a ki:dag. I live here accepting my fate. Nt o si nakogad. I'll try as hard as I
can to keep on enduring it. Mat hems ha'icu sko'ok pi vo nakogc o oakad. Someone
unable to stand something painful, cries.

nakog s- Stat tr [Neutr: indef snakog; def snakog=k. Dur: snakog=ka-d. Interr:
snakog=ka-him]: to be good at standing, enduring, obj
ex: Nap a(<va) snakog g sko'ok? Are you good at standing pain? Heg 'o snakog g
sko'ok. He is good at standing pain. Pi 'i(<'a) nakog g sko'ok. I am not good at
standing pain. Nap snakog g sto? Are you good at standing the heat? M(<'am) 'apt
o a snakogkad? Will you be able to stand it? Cum 'a snakogkahim g sto. I used to
be able to stand the heat.

nakog s-cu Stat Expr: to have strength of character, will power

ex: Scunakogc pi vo a 'i oa. Havinge strength of character he will not cry. Pi
'i(<'a) ha'icu nakog. I have no strength of character.
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nakog/ nakogdam

nakog Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-nako; indef 'e-nakog; hort 'e-nakog. Correl: 'e-nakog-k;
immed: 'e-nakog-ka-'i. Dur: 'e-nakoga-d. Interr: 'e-nakog[i]-him]: to make an effort, to
exert oneself
ex: M g si 'i 'enakog! Make a real effort! N(<'an) 'o 'o(<'e)nakoghim. He is exerting
himself. Cum 'i 'enakog mat o io. He is exerting himself in vain to talk. M g ab 'i
'i(<'e)nakogad! Keep on making an effort! M g 'i 'i(<'e)nakogk o vam! Make an effort
to get up! ... has 'i masma vo 'enakogk o mua hega'i viappoi. ... he will try all he can to
kill the boy.

nakog Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-nankog) [Neutr: def 'e-nako; indef 'e-nakog.
Correl: 'e-nakog-k; immed: 'e-nakog-ka-'i]: to be able to do something
ex: 'A:pi 'ap 'enakog mapt o ndoaj. You are the one who is able to cure me. Kuptp o
'enakogk 'am hab o ju: hega'i k haha vo bei g 'alidag. If you can do that, then you will
get my child. ... nakogk pi ha'ui. ... because you were not able to get them. 'A:i
vu cum 'alic ababa nnakogk 'a:i 'ab 'i hahuhus. Although I am a child, I was able to
bring them down. Pi o a 'i nnako mat heghekaj 'i a u:kudac 'i:da'a. I can't (go)
because he asked me to look after this. 'Ab 'att 'i pi tnako mats has masma ha'icu vo
cikp. We can't do any work under these conditions. B(<hab) 'a cum vuihimc hemu pi
vo nnako. I used to do it (constantly) but now I can't. 'A:pi 'apt o 'enako mapt o ndoaj.
You will be able to cure me. Napt hig o 'enako? What makes you think that you can
(do it)?

nakog Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-nako; indef 'e-nakog; hort 'e-nakog. Correl: 'e-nakog-k;
immed: 'e-nakog-ka-'i. Compl: 'e-nakogi-ok; immed: 'e-nakogi-oka-'i. Dur: 'e-nakoga-d]:
to get ready
ex: Kutt 'am o 'i tnako 'ab g'amje hega'i mo 'i hab 'e'a:g. Let's get ready with respect to
that which has been said. 'E-g-o-'o(<'e)nakog! You(pl) get ready (take your time)!
'E-g-o-'i-'enakog! You(pl) get ready (right away)! 'E-g-nakogioka'i! You(sg) get
ready first (before doing anything else!)! Nnakog 'a. I am getting ready. Kutsp
'enakog hegam hemajkam ... The people were getting ready ... Nt o nnakogad. I'll be
getting ready. 'I 'ant ab o 'i me:nad 'apt o 'i 'enakogk. Hekid 'am o 'i 'ena:to, tt o
hihi. I'll wait for you here while you are getting ready. When you are ready, we'll go.
Kutt hemu 'am o 'i tnakogk hab a(<va) masma hab 'ep hi o juk o ho(<ha) bei g cu:kug.
Soon we'll be ready to do the same (as he did) in order to get some meat. Ha'icu u
hega'i mant ghekaj 'am o 'i nnakogk 'am o a(<va) hi:. There is something I want to get
myself ready about before I go there.

nakogdam s-cu N subst: one who has strength of character, will power

nakogdam in pi ha'icu nakogdam subst NExpr: one with no strength of character,

no will power
ex: ... hegam mo (<vu) pi ha'icu nakogdam 'o'odham. ... those who are men without
strength of character.
 81

nakosig/ nala-

nakosig s- N: uproar, din

ex: Pi 'i(<'a) hoho'id g snakosig. I don't like noise. 'id'ea snakosig= in this uproar

nakosig s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-nakosig; def s-nakosig=-k. Dur: s-nakosig=ka-d);
pls: s-nankosig]: to be extremely noisy, boisterous
ex: Snakosig 'o g ma:gina. The car makes a din. 'A'al 'o snankosig. Children are
boisterous. Pi 'int(<'ant) o nakosigk. I won't be noisy.

nakpig Vtr sgo (for plo see nankpig) [Neutr: def nakpi; hort nakpig]: to take a piece
off of the ear of obj, to earmark obj
ex: Nt o nakp. I'll earmark it. Nakpiga! Earmark it!

nakel N indiv [pl: nankel]: scorpion

ex: Ge cev bahikc ababa 'am a(<va) ke:c g 'e'u:s 'ebahi 'an hekaj hakeke, hacu'aka. It
has a strange long tail but there is a stinger on its tail with which it bites or stings people.

nakel in u:dagc'e-nakel NComp indiv [pl: u:dagc'e-nankel]: lobster

ex: Smu'ij g u:dagc'e-nankel 'ama'i m'am ge shohodaig. There are many lobsters over
there where there are rocks.

nakelig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-nankelig): to be full of scorpions (in one
location)

nakvaag N inalien mass (3rd pers sg nakva[a]ga-j); distr: nankvaag]: ear wax

nakvaag N: pistil of a flower

nakvaag in vu:lo-nakvaag NComp aggreg: walnuts

nakvaag s- Stat: to have a lot of ear wax (in one's ears)

ex: Snakvaag 'ap. You have a lot of ear wax (in your ears). Pi ha nakvaag. He he
does not do what he is told (does not have any ear wax).

nala (Span: naranja) N alien aggreg [distr: nan[a]la]: orange tree; orange (also called
nala-bahidag)
ex: Hehe'ekia 'amt 'i 'u:'u g nala? How many oranges did each one of you pick?

nala-bahidag NComp alien aggreg: orange (also called simply nala)

nala-ba:kam NComp [loc: nala-ba:kam-c-'e]: orange season

ex: 'E'ai g nala-ba:kam. It's now the orange season.
 82

nala-/ namkid

nala-vaag NComp alien mass [sg(1st pers sg: n-nala-vaag=ga); distr: nanala-
vapag]: orange juice
ex: 'I bek g nnala-vaagga! Bring (me) my orange juice!

nala-vaagga vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's orange juice

ex: 'Id 'o heg u nala-vaaggaj. This is his orange juice.

nala-vaag[]cud VComp tr [Neutr: def nala-vaagc; hort nala-vaagcud]: to

make orange juice for obj
ex: Napt 'am ha nnala-vaagc? Did you make me some orange juice? M(<'am) g ha
nnala-vaagcud! Could you(sg) make me some orange juice!

nam see Vtr namk- = to meet obj

namk, namka'i see Vtr namk- = to meet obj

namk- Vtr Unit (for Repet see nanamek) [Neutr: def nam; imper sgs namka-/
namki-; hort namk. Correl: nam-k; immed: nam-ka-'i. Compl: namki-ok; immed:
namki-oka-'i. Interr: namk[i]-him.]: to meet obj
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) koi a 'i nam hega'i 'o'odham. I never met this fellow before. M 'ant
hanam. I met them. M 'at nnam. They met me. Shoho'id 'a mant o ho(<ha)nam g
hemajkam. I like to meet people. Tp 'ea hab 'eju: k g hevel nam. What he then did
was to meet the wind (he became a wind-meeter). M g nnamk Tucsont'am! Meet me
in Tucson! Nnamkhim 'o. He is about to meet me (coming towards me). Ga hu
namk 'am bei ... Having met him (who was coming this way) she took it (the pole with
the scalp of her enemy) ... 'Am o namk 'at 'ab o 'evui gegokiva. Having met her, they
will stand facing each other.

namkam N subst: one who meets an entity

ba'ag-namkam NComp: eagle-meeter
cuku-namkam NComp: owl-meeter
hevel-namkam NComp: wind-meeter
hevel namkam vu Stat Expr: to be a wind-meeter
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) hevel namkam. He is a wind-meeter.
viag-namkam NComp: hawk-meeter
vuihom-namkam NComp: thunder-meeter

namkid Vtr Unit (for Repet see nanamekid) [Neutr: def namki; hort namkid]: to
splice obj
ex: Nt o namk g vijina. I'll splice my rope. B g namkid! (Why don't you) splice it!
 83

namkid/ namkig

namkid Vtr sgo (for plo see na:nkid) [Neutr: def namk; hort namkid]: to match obj
(in games of chance)
ex: 'Apt 'oi vo namk 'i:da'a! Go ahead and match this! Nt hab a(<va) ves 'ab o namk
hega'i mapt he'ekia 'i ha'icu ge:g. I will match exactly the amount you've won from me.
'Oi g namkid 'i:da'a! Go ahead and match this!

namkid Vtr Unit (for Repet see nanamekid) [Neutr: def, hort and indef namkid. Dur:
namkida-d. Interr: namkida-him]: to pay obj
ex: Hekid 'apt o 'i nnamkid? When are you(sg) going to pay me? Nt o
'om(<'em)namkid si'alim. I'll pay you(pl) tomorrow. Mapp o sbehimk hega'i kavyu k o
nnamkid, nt o mbehi. If you want to get that horse and pay me, I'll get it for you.
Namkida! Pay him! Ha-g-namkid! Pay them! Namkid 'at g haivakaj. He paid
him with a cow. Namkid 'a ves takaj. I pay him every day. M g ab namkidad!
Keep on paying him (regularly)! Cum s'ap nnamkidahim. He used to pay me well.
'Ab 'i cum nnamkidahi. He used to has pay me (off and on).

namkida N inalien[loc: namkida-c-'e]: act of paying somebody, payday

namkida vu Stat Expr: to be payday

ex: D(<vu) 'o namkida 'id 'i takaj. It's payday today.

namkidacud Vdtr [Neutr: def namkidac; hort namkidacud]: to splice obj for somebody
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o namkidac g vijinaj. I'll splice his rope for him. B g nnamkidacud g
vijina! (Could you) splice my rope for me!

namkidaag N inalien [3rd pers sg namkidaa-j]: payment (in return for what one has
done, either punishment or reward)

namkidaag vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's payment (either punishment or reward)

ex: B(<vab) u mnamkidaag. It's just your punishment. Vu o mnamkidaagk. It
will be your reward.

namkig in ha'icu namkig NExpr inalien: price (of something)

haiva ha-namkig NExpr: the price of cattle
ex: 'I ceajid g haiva hanamkig! Raise the price of cattle!

namkig Stat sgs [pls: nanamkig]: to cost a certain amount of money

ex: K he'ekia namkig 'i:da'a? How much does this cost? K he'ekia 'i nanamkig 'idam?
How much do these things cost each?
 84

namkig/ nanamek

namkig s- Stat sgs: to be expensive, costly

ex: M(<'am) 'u(<'o) a(<va) a snamkig. / a 'a(<'o) va snamkig. It is quite expensive.
B(<vab) si snamkig. It's too expensive. Pi 'o namkig. It is not expensive. Hema
'ant behi g 'ipu mo snamkig. I got me a dress that is expensive.

namkigcud Vtr [Neutr: def namkigc; hort namkigcud]: to price, give a price to obj
ex: Nt o a(<va) namkigc. I'll price it. M g namkigcud! (Why don't you) give it a price!

namkig ha'icu s- NExpr: something valuable

ex: Pi g o a 'i hama:k cum 'as he'ekia snamkig ha'icu vo 'emma:! Don't you(pl) give it to
them no matter how valuable a thing they give you(pl) in exchange.

namkig ha'icu vu s- Stat Expr: to be something valuable

ex: ..matp hascu u 'i ha'ega mo (<vu) snamkig ha'icu. ..whatever they owned of
value.

namk see Vtr namk- = to meet obj

namk see Vtr namkid = to splice obj
namk see Vtr namkid = to match obj (in games of chance)

nanakmel N aggreg: bat

ex: Mo g hahagio ma:s c ababa ge 'al 'a'an. (A bat is that) which looks like a mouse but
(unexpectedly) has wings.

nanakmelig (dial: nanakmelag) s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-nannakmelig):
to be full of bats (in one location)

nan[a]la see N nala = orange tree; orange

nanameiku N inalien: meeting place

nanamek Vtr Repet (for Unit see namk-) [Neutr: nanamek; concurs nanamek-c. Dur:
nanameka-d. Interr: nanameka-him]: to meet obj repeatedly
ex: Ves takaj 'a nanamek. I meet him every day. .. hema 'ab nanamekc 'ab 'uli g
'enov. ..every time he meets one of them he stretches out his hands towards him. 'Ab
hihhimc 'am nanamek hega'i. He keeps walking (in and out) and meeting her. Nt o
a(<va) mnanamekad. I'll be meeting you repeatedly. Cum 'a nanamekahim. I used to
meet him repeatedly.

nanamek Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-na:namk-) [Neutr: indef 'e-nanamek]: to
meet each other repeatedly
 85

nanamekid/ nanhapid

nanamekid Vtr Repet (for Unit see namkid) [Neutr: indef nanamekid]: to splice obj
repeatedly
ex: Nanamekid 'a g vijina. I (always) splice my rope.

nanamekid Vtr Repet (for Unit see namkid) [Neutr: indef nanamekid. Dur:
nanamekida-d. Interr: nanamekida-him]: to pay obj repeatedly
ex: Ves takaj 'a nanamekid. I pay him every day. M g ab 'i nanamekidad! Keep on
paying him each time! Cum s'ap nnanamekidahim. He used to pay me well each time.
'Ab 'i cum nnanamekidahi. He used to pay me (off and on).

nanamkig see Stat namkig = to cost a certain amount of money

nan[a]va see N nava = pocket knife
nanavijhu see N navijhu = ceremonial clown

nangi'a Vtr Repet (for Unit see nagia) sgo (for plo see na:ngi'a) [Neutr: indef
nanagi'a]: to hang up obj repeatedly
ex: Pi hekid nangi'a g 'eliva. He never hangs up his coat.

nanhagio N inalien aggreg [distr: nannhagio]: earrings

nanhagio see N nahagio = mouse

nanhagiog s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-nannhagiog): to be full of mice (in a
single location)

nanha see Vtr nanhap = to fold obj

nanhac see VExpr reflex 'e-na:c daha = to be sitting on one heel

nanhap Vtr Unit (for Repet see nanhaap) mult or plo (for sing or sgo see na:p-)
[Neutr: def nanha; impers sgs nanhapa-/ nanhapi-]: to fold obj
ex: Nt o 'i hananha g 'ega. I'll fold my clothes. Nt o 'i nanha g pilsa. I'll fold my
blanket several times over. 'I nanhap! Fold it several times over! 'I hananhap! Fold
them (several times over)!

nanhap Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-nanha]: to become wrinkled

ex: Tk o 'om(<'am) a 'i 'enanha. He has started getting wrinkled.

nanhapid Vdtr mult [Neutr: def nanhap; hort nanhapid]: to fold obj for somebody,
to make several pleats to obj for somebody, to make a hem to several obj for somebody
 86

nanhaap/ nanto

nanhaap Vtr Repet (for Unit see nanhap) mult or plo (for sing or sgo see
naap) [Neutr: indef nanhaap. Dur: nanhaapa-d]: to fold obj repeatedly
ex: Pt o 'i nanhaapad g pilsa c gmhu vab o ceckad. You will fold the blanket each time
and just put it away.

nankog Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-nakog) [Neutr: indef 'e-nankog] to be able to
do something repeatedly
ex: 'A:pi 'ap u a(<va) 'i map 'enankog map ndoddajid. You are the only one who is able
to cure me each time. 'Am hehe'ejel cum bebbhe g 'uv c 'am pi 'i(<'e)nankog. One after
the other they (young men) try in vain to get the girl all by themselves and they fail each
time (they cannot do it).

nankosig see of Stat s-nakosig = to be extremely noisy, boisterous

nankpig Vtr plo (for sgo see nakpig) [Neutr: def nankp]: to take a piece of the ear of
obj, to earmark obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)nankp. I'll earmark them.

nankpo N: hair in the ears

nankel see N nakel = scorpion

nankelig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-nakelig): to be full of scorpions in
various locations

nankvaag see N nakvaag = ear wax

nannakmelig (dial: nannakmelag) s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-

nanakmelig): to be full of bats in various locations

nannhagio see N nanhagio = earrings

nannhagiog s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-nanhagiog): to be full of mice in
various locations

nansidaku see N na:sidaku = rake, harrow

nanto Vreflex Distr (for Unit see 'e-na:to) [Neutr: def 'e-nanto]: to get through with
what one is doing
ex: Namt 'enanto? Is each one of you through?
 87

nanto/ naap

nanto Vtr Repet (for Unit see na:to) [Neutr: indef nanto]: without 'i: to make obj
several times in succession, repeatedly; with 'i: to finish obj several times in succession,
repeatedly
ex: Hekid 'ap 'i nanto g 'ecikpan? When do you finish your chores each time?

nanto Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-na:to) [Neutr: indef 'e-nanto]: to get through
with what one is doing repeatedly
ex: Hekid 'ap 'i i(<'e)nanto? When do you get through? Gi'ik 'e 'a ha'as cikpan ma
nnanto. I stop work at four (I stop working when I am through). 'Am hekid 'i '
i(<'e)nanto? When does each one of you get through?

nantokc semi Stat reflex Distr (for Unit see 'e-na:tokc) [Neutr: def, hort and indef 'e-
nantokc. Dur: 'e-nantokci-d]: to be prepared, ready (in various locations)
ex: ... cum 'enantokc mat o vipiayo. ... each one of them was ready in vain to go hunting.

nanvait Vintr and tr Repet (for Unit see navait) [Neutr: indef nanvait. Dur: nanvaita-
d]: to make saguaro wine; to make wine out of obj repeatedly

nanvait Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-navait) [Neutr: indef 'e-nanvait]: to be made
(of saguaro wine) repeatedly

nanvaitaku see N navaitaku = olla used for fermenting saguaro fruit juice

nanvodt (redupl of navodt) Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-nanvodt]: to make friends with each
other, to become friends
ex: 'I 'enanvodt. They became friends. 'I tnanvodt 'att. We became friends.

napal in VExpr s-napal daha sgs [pls: s-na'anpal daha]: to sit with one's legs folded
on one side

napa Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef napak); pls: na'anpak]: to be limp, crumpled, deflated
ex: B(<'ab) hi a(<va) 'al napak. She is a somewhat crumpled thing (an old woman).

napaka Vintr sgs: to become limp, squishy

napakad Vtr sgo: to make obj limp, to deflate obj

naap Vtr Repet (for Unit see na:p-) sing or sgs mult or pl see nanhaap) [Neutr:
indef naap. Dur: naapa-d]: to fold obj over repeatedly
 88

natto/ naumkam

natto Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-na:to) [Neutr: indef 'e-natto]: to get through
with what one is doing repeatedly
ex: P hekid 'i 'enatto? When do you get through?

naum see Vintr naumk = to get drunk

naumadkam s- Adj: intoxicating, inebriating (same as s-noagigam)

naumam (assim of *navmam) s- V subst [sgs (Neutr: indef s-naumam); pls: s-

navko'ima]: to feel like getting drunk
ex: Snaumam 'o. He is in the mood to get drunk. Nap snaumam? Are you(sg) in the
mood to get drunk? Nam snavko'ima? Are you(pl) in the mood to get drunk?

naumcud Vtr sgo (for plo see navko'icud) [Neutr: def naumc; hort naumcud]: to get
obj drunk
ex: T o mnaumc g navait. The wine will get you drunk. Naumc 'ant. I got him drunk.
Pi g 'am nnaumcud! Don't get me drunk!

naumdag (assim of *navmdag) N inalien: drunkeness, intoxicated condition

naumdag s- Stat: to be intoxicating (same as s-noagig)

ex: No snaumdag? Is it intoxicating? Vi:u 'o snaumdag. Whiskey is intoxicating.

naumk- (assim of *navmk-; dial: navamk-) Vintr Unit (for Repet see naummuk) sgs
(for pls see navko'o) [Neutr: def naum; imper sgs naumka-/ naumki-; hort naumk.
Correl: naum-k; immed: naum-ka-'i. Compl: naumk-ok; immed: naumk-oka-'i. Interr:
naum-him]: to get drunk
ex: 'A:i 'ant naum. I am drunk (now). Pi g 'am a 'i naumk! Don't get drunk! Mat
hekid g hemajkam o si naumk pi 'i ma:c mo has 'i 'i(<'e)vua. When a person has gotten
drunk he does not know what he is doing. Naumk vu bagatam. When he is drunk he
is easily angered. 'Ant o 'op(<'ip) naumkoka'i! I'll get drunk first! Naumhim 'o.
He/she is getting drunk. Mat g 'o'odham o ge'e 'i: g navait k o naum. When a man
drinks a lot of wine, he gets drunk.

naumkam (assim of *navmkam.) N subst indiv [pl: navko'ikam]: drunk, one who is
drunk

naumkam vu Stat Expr [sgs (Neutr: indef vu naumkam); pls: vu navko'ikam]: to be

one who is drunk
ex: 'A:i 'a u naumkam. I am (one who is) drunk. 'A:cim 'ac u navko'ikam. We are
(ones who are) drunk.
 89

naumkamcud/navait

naumkamcud Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-navko'ikamcud) [Neutr: def naumkamc;
hort naumkamcud]: to act like a drunk

naumka'i see Vintr naumk- = to get drunk

naumk (assim of *navumk) N indiv [pl: navko'i]: a drunk (one who has gotten drunk)
ex: 'Idam navko'i hek vua g 'elialga. Drunks waste their money.

naumk vu Stat Expr [sgs (Neutr: indef vu naumk); pls: vu navko'i]: to be a drunk
ex: D(<vu) 'o naumk. He/she is a drunk one. Hegam 'o (<vu) navko'i. They are
drunk ones.

naummuk (assim of *navmmek) Vintr Repet (for Unit see naumk-) sgs [Neutr: indef
naumuk. Dur: naummuka-d. Interr: naummuka-him]: to get drunk repeatedly
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) hekid naummuk. I never get drunk. Cum hekid naummuk ves avai 'e.
He gets drunk every Saturday. Naummukahim 'o. He used to get drunk repeatedly.

nav N inalien: prickly pear cactus, (generic term; the fruits of the various varieties have
the following names: cecioj, gisok, ho'ok-va:'o, hu:-va'ug, jui, kavk-'i:bhai, skeg-
'i:bhai, miak-'an-g-'i-vo'iva, moik-'i:bhai, vopigad, 'oipa, and 'o'ok-'i:bhai)

navag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of prickly pear cacti in a single location

navaicud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-navaid] : to turn into wine

navait N inalien mass [distr: navppait]: saguaro cactus wine, wine

ex: Gahi da'ivu g navait. The wine has lost its strength (it is after the time when it should
have been consumed). Pi 'int(<'ant) haha 'ep o ha 'i: g navait. I will not drink any wine
again. 'An o navppaitk 'an o 'i:'i g 'enavppait! You will each make wine and drink your
own wine!

navait Vintr or tr Unit (for Repet see nanvait; for Distr see navppait) [Neutr: def
navai]: to make saguaro wine; to make wine out of obj
ex: ia hab masma hab ju: k 'am hab navai. Well, this is how he made (what he did and
made) saguaro wine (for the first time). Nt o ho(<ha) navai g 'u:visga. I'll make
some wine out of my grapes.

navait Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-nanvait) [Neutr: def 'e-navai]: to be made (of
saguaro wine)
ex: ... 'ea 'am 'enavai. ... at that time, saguaro wine was made (for the first time).
 90

navaita/ navko['o]

navaita N inalien: wine which is being made

navaitaku N inalien indiv [pl: nanvaitaku; distr: navppaitaku]: olla used for
fermenting saguaro fruit juice for the wine ceremony

navait-vasibku NComp inalien indiv [sg (loc: navait-vasibku-c-'e); pl: navait-

vassibku]: ceremonial basket (used as container for saguaro wine)

Navait-'I'idag NComp inalien [loc: Navait-'I'idag-c-'e; 1st pers pl: t-Navait-'I'idag]:

saguaro wine drinking ceremony (also called 'I'idag)

nava (Span: navaja) N inalien indiv [pl: nan[a]va]: pocket knife

ex: Mo hekaj ha'icu hikcek. (A pocket knife is) that with which one cuts things.

navijhu N indiv [pl: nanavijhu]: ceremonial clown

navk see Vintr navko'o = to get drunk

navko'i see N naumk = a drunk
navko'i see Stat Expr vu naumk = to be a drunk

navko'icud Vtr plo (for sgo see naumcud) [Neutr: def navko'ic; hort navko'icud]: to
get obj drunk
ex: T o 'emnavko'ic g navait. The wine will get you drunk. Pi g 'am tnavko'icud! Don't
get us drunk!

navko'ikam see N subst naumkam = drunk, one who is drunk

navko'ikam see Stat Expr vu naumkam = to be one who is drunk

navko'ikamcud Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-naumkamcud) [Neutr: def 'e-
navko'ikamc; hort 'e-navko'ikamcud]: to act like drunks

navko'ima see V subst s-naumam = to feel like getting drunk

navko['o] semi Stat intr pls (for sgs see naumk-) [Neutr: def and hort navk; imper
navko-yo; indef navko['o]. Correl: nav-k; immed: nav-ka-'i. Compl: navk-ok; immed:
navk-oka-'i. Dur: navko'o-d. Interr: navko-him/ navko'o=ka-him]: to get drunk
ex: 'A:pim 'amt navk. You fellows are drunk! Pi g o 'om(<'am) navk gm hu Tucson-
t'ama'i! Don't get drunk over there in Tucson! Gm hu hihi 'ama'i gm hu matp 'am
'epiast navka'i. They went over there where the feast was, after getting drunk. Hegam
cum hekid navko'o. They get drunk all the time. Pi g o 'om(<'am) navko'od! Don't get
drunk continually! Hek hu mo hegam cum hekid navko'o, c hemu haha va'a pi
 91

navko['o/ na'a
navko['o]. They used to get drunk all the time, but now they don't get drunk any more.
Navkohim 'o. They are getting drunk. Cum hekid navko'okahim c hemu pi 'i:'e. They
used to be drunk all the time, but now they don't drink.

nav-na:nk NComp aggreg: a variety of prickly pear cactus

navodt Vtr [Neutr: def and hort navodt; imper sgs navodta-]: to make friends with obj
ex: Nt o navodt. I'll make friends with him. Nt o ho(<ha)navodt. I'll make friends with
them. Tnavodt 'at. He made friends with us.

navoj N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg navoji-j); pl: naipijhu; distr: na'naipijhu]: friend;
brother; male cousin (of a man)

navoj vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu naipijhu]: to be somebody's friend

ex: ... 'am hema vu navojij g keli 'o'odham. ... down there one fellow was the (his) friend
of the old man.

navoj Stat sing [mult: naipijhu]: to have a friend

ex: Pt pi o ho(<ha) navojk. You will not have a single friend. Nap mu'i naipijhu
'i:ya'a? Do you(sg) have many friends here?

navojim s- V subst tr: to wish to be friend with obj

ex: Cum 'a snavojim hega'i. I would like to be his friend (friends with him).

navojma s- Stat tr [Neutr: indef and def s-navojma. Interr: s-navojma=ka-him]: to be

friendly to obj
ex: No smnavojma? Is he/are they friendly to you? Pt o shanavojma hegam! Be nice to
them! B(<'ab) 'apt o 'i shanavojma hegam. (I am asking you to) be nice to them.
Cum 'o snavojmakahim. He used to be friendly to me.

navppait see N navait = saguaro cactus wine; wine

navppait Vintr/ tr Distr: (for Unit see navait) [Neutr: def navppai; indef navppait.
Correl: navppait-k; immed: navppait-ka-'i]: to make saguaro wine out of obj
ex: 'An o navppaitk 'an o 'i:'i g 'enavppait. You will each (different villages) make
saguaro wine and drink your respective wines.

navppaitaku see N navaitaku = olla used for fermenting saguaro fruit juice

na'a Part used in Pima after all locatives and locative Expressions
ex: 'aba'i na'a: up there 'ama'i na'a: down there
 92

na'anpak/ na:k

na'anpak see Stat napak = to be limp, crumpled

na'anpal see VExpr s-napal daha = to be sitting with one's legs folded on one side
na'naipijhu see N navoj = friend; brother; male cousin
na'naipijhukim see Nreflex 'e-naipijhukim = a pair of friends, brothers, cousins

na:-

na:d Vintr Unit (for Repet and Distr see na:nda) [Neutr: def nai; hort na:d; imper sgs
na:da-. Correl: na:d-k; immed: na:d-ka-'i. Compl: na:d-ok; immed: na:d-oka-'i]: to make
a fire once
ex: Hek 'ant hu 'am nai. I have already made a fire down there. M g na:d! Could
you(sg) make a fire! Na:da! Make a fire! 'Am na:dk 'am da. Having made a fire,
he was sitting there. Gd hu jivak am va hekaj na:dk 'am dai g hidoaku ... Once back
there, he made a fire right away and put (sat) the cooking pot (on it) ... Nt o 'op(<'ip)
na:dok. I'll make a fire first.

na:da N inalien indiv [pl/distr: na:nda]: fire

ex: Mei 'at g nna:da. My fire is burning (got lit). Na:dac'e 'at gei. It fell in the fire.

na:daku N inalien indiv [pl/distr: na:ndaku]: place where one makes a fire; stove;
fire implements
ex: ... 'am ab 'i sma:s g hana:daku. ... the place where they made their fire was still
showing.

na:j see Vtr na:jid: to make a fire for obj

na:jid Vtr Unit (for Repet see na:njid; for Distr see na:n[a]jid) [Neutr: def na:j; hort
na:jid]: to make a fire for obj
ex: Nt o mna:j. I'll make a fire for you. M g nna:jid! Could you(sg) make me a fire!

na:k N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg na:ka-j); pl: na:nk]: ear
ex: Mo 'an cu:c tmo'o veco. (Ears are that) which stand below our hair. Mac hekaj
ha'icu ka: mo 'an ha'icu 'an 'e'a:g. (Ears are that) with which we hear when something is
said.

na:k Stat sing [mult: na:nk]: to have an ear

ex: S hascu u c ge 'al ce'ecev na:nk? What could that thing with unusually long ears be?
 93

na:k/ na:nda

na:k s- Vtr [Neutr: indef s-na:k. Interr: s-na:ka-him]: to like the taste of obj
ex: Nap sna:k g s'onk? Do you like salty things? Nap sna:k g kavh:? Do you like
coffee? Nap sna:k g cecemait? Do you like tortillas? Sna:k 'a g s'onk hido. I like
salty food. Pi 'i na:k g siv nala. I don't like bitter oranges. Cum 'a sna:kahim. I
used to like it.

na:kag N: a cactus (possibly a variety of prickly pear)

na:kam N subst sing [mult: na:nkam]: one with an ear

ex: Sbibtag na:nkam: one with dirty ears.
'U'uvhig Na:nkam NComp(?): a nickname (one-with-bird-ears)

na:kam in ha'icu sna:kam NExpr subst: one who likes the taste of something
cu:kug sna:kam NExpr subst: one who likes the taste of meat

Na:kcekla N: name of a mythological monster (similar to Ho'ok)

ex: T o 'emnam g Na:kcekla. Na:kcekla is going to meet you(pl).

na:kit Vtr [Neutr: def na:kit. Interr: na:kita-him]: to develop a taste for, to get to like the
taste of obj
ex: Na:kit 'ant. I developed a taste for it (l like it now). Nt o 'om(<'am) nakit. I may get
to like it. Na:kitahim 'a. I am beginning to develop a taste for it.

na:nad Vintr Distr (for Unit see na:d) [Neutr: def and hort na:nad]: to make a fire in
several locations
ex: Na:nad 'at. Each one of them made a fire.

na:n[a]jid Vtr Distr (for Unit see na:jid) [Neutr: def na:naj; hort na:njid]: to make a
fire for obj in several locations
ex: Hana:naj. Each one of them built a fire for someone.

na:nam see Vreflex 'e-na:namk- = to meet each other

na:namk- Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-nanamek) [Neutr: def 'e-na:nam; hort 'e-
na:namk. Correl: 'e-na:mam-k; immed: 'e-na:nam-ka-'i]: to meet each other
ex: 'Amt 'am o 'u:'u g busses k 'am o tna:nam 'ama'i! You will each take a separate bus
and we will meet down there! 'E-g-o-'o(<'e)na:namk! Meet each other! 'Ena:namk
'im hab hi a(<va) hihi. Having met they left (together) in that direction.

na:nda Vintr Repet (for Unit see na:d) [Neutr: indef na:nda. Dur: na:nda-d]: to make a
fire repeatedly
ex: ... ge cuhig na:ndak na:nda. ... all night long she keeps making fire after fire.
 94

na:nda/ na:nkid

na:nda see N na:da = fire

na:ndaku see N na:daku = place where one makes a fire; stove, fire implements

na:ngi'a Vtr plo (for sgo see nagia) [Neutr: def, hort and indef na:ngi'a. Correl:
na:ngi'a-k; immed: na:ngi'a-ka-'i. Compl: na:ngi'a-yok. Interr: na:ngi'a-him.]: to hang up
obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)na:ngi'a. I'll hang them up. Vo ho(<ha)na:ngi'a g 'eliliva! Each one of
you, hang up your coats! ... vo a 'i hana:ngi'a hega'i hamo:m 'ab 'ab hega'i
hamo'ocku! ... make their heads hang a little over (the edge of) their pillow! Pi hekid
na:ngi'a g 'e'ega. He never hangs up his clothes. ... ha'icu 'i hahu:c 'in 'i na:ngi'ahi
'e'ab. She had hung rows of hooves on herself (on her dress). Nt o ho(<ha)na:ngi'ak o
gakij. I'll hang them up to dry.

na:ngi'a Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-nagia): to hang on (to something)

na:ngi'a see Stat intr nagia = to be hanging

na:ngi'acug Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-nagiacug): to be hanging on to something

that is moving

na:ngi'akc semi Stat reflex pls (for sgs see 'e-nagiakc): to be holding on to
something that is hanging

na:ngi'aku see N nagiaku = cradle; clothes hanger

na:njid Vtr Repet (for Unit see na:jid) [Neutr: indef na:njid. Dur: na:njida-d]: to make
a fire for obj repeatedly

na:nk see N na:k = ear

na:nk see Stat na:k = to have an ear
na:nkam see N subst na:kam = one with an ear

na:nkid Vtr plo (for sgo see namkid) [Neutr: def na:nk; indef and hort na:nkid. Dur:
na:nkida-d. Interr: na:nkida-him]: to match a wager (in games of chance)
ex: Vo na:nk, tt o a tcicvi! Match my wager, let's play against each other! Napt pi 'oi
vo na:nk ma 'am hu hab kaij! Why don't you go ahead and match every one of my
wager (what I say). ia k 'am 'i ves na:nk g ves ha'icu matp hascu 'i cum 'al 'ega
hega'i uv. Well, and he matched all of it with everything whatsoever that he owned,
that Buzzard. M g ab 'i na:nkidad! Keep on matching my wagers! Tp 'am haha 'i
na:nkidahim. Then he kept on matching his wagers. Na:nkidahimc 'am 'i na:to. He
kept on matching the boy's wagers until he was through with it. 'Am 'i na:nkidahi. He
started matching his wagers.
 95

na:nk/ na:sid

na:nk see Vtr na:nkid = to match a wager (in a game of chance)

na:nk-je:jegaaku NComp aggreg: black grama (a weed formerly used to pierce

holes in earlobes for earrings)

na:nko Mod: various

ex: ..matp 'an na:nko 'i ju:. ..which she had put on (her dress) in various ways. .. k hab
ge cuhug 'am na:nko 'i 'evuihim. .. and thus all night long they pursue their various
activities (they behave in their usual various ways). .. 'atp 'am hi a(<va) 'i si na:nko
hab(<hab) 'i vuihim hega'i ginsku c hega'i hodai..he (the boy) was doing all kinds of
things with the gins set and the stone. 'I a daivc 'in he'es 'i tve:m na:nko cu'igkahidc
haha va 'ep hihhim. They usually come here and share our various activities (for a while)
and go again. .. 'an eid matp na:nko ha'icu 'i 'i(<'e)vua. ..he looks at the various things
that are going on (in there). .. k na:nko ha'icu 'am juhim. .. and he does all kinds of
things.-- Si na:nko masma 'ab 'i himhi. He went through various things (in his life).--
na:nko ma:s ha'icu hiosig= various kinds of flowers

na:nkogid Vtr [Neutr: def na:nkog; indef and hort na:nkogid. Dur: na:nkogida-d]: to
tease obj
ex: Nt o na:nkog. I'll tease him. Pi g 'am nna:nkogid! Don't tease me! Heg 'o cum
hekid nna:nkogid. He teases me constantly. (<'a) ab mna:nkogid. I am just teasing
you.

na:nkogid Vreflex [Neutr: indef 'e-na:nkogid]: to tease each other

ex: C(<'ac) ab tna:nkogid. We are just teasing each other.

na:nko kaij VExpr intr: to talk nonsense

na:nko ta:hadag Stat Expr impers tr: to feel despondent

ex: Na:nko nta:hadag. I feel despondent.

na:nko ta:hadkam NExpr: despondency

na:nko 'a:g VExpr tr: to gossip about obj

na:s see Vtr na:sid = to rake up obj

na:sid/ na:sig Vtr [Neutr: def na:s; hort na:sid/ na:sig]: to rake up obj (same as
hugum)
ex: 'I na:sid g ha'icu ha:hag. Rake up the leaves!
 96

na:sidacud/ na:to

na:sidacud Vdtr [Neutr: def na:sidac; hort na:siducud]: to rake up obj for somebody
(same as na:sijid)

na:sidaku/ na:sigaku N indiv [pl: nansidaku]: rake, harrow

na:sig see Vtr na:sid = to rake up obj

na:sijid Vdtr [Neutr: def na:sij; hort na:sijid]: to rake up obj for somebody (same as
na:sidacud)

na: see Vtr na:p = to fold obj over

na:c in 'e-na:c daha VExpr reflex sing [mult: 'e-nanhac daha]: to be sitting on one
heel

na:p- Vtr Unit (for Repet see naap) sing or sgo (for mult or plo see nanhap-)
[Neutr: def na:; imper sgs na:pa-/ na:pi-; hort na:p]: to fold obj over once
ex: Nt o 'i na:. I'll fold it once. 'I g 'i na:p! Fold it once!

na:pid Vdtr sgo (for plo see nanhapid) [Neutr: def na:p; hort na:pid]: to fold obj
over for somebody, to make a pleat, a hem in obj for somebody
ex: 'I nna:pid! Fold it over for me (make a hem, a pleat in it for me)!

na:p Stat sgs: to be folded, to have a row (a necklace)

ex: ... gi'ik 'i na:p. ... it (the necklace) had four rows (hearsay).

na:p Adj sg: folded, wrinkled

Na:p- Kuakam NComp(?): a nickname (one-with-a-wrinkled-forehead)

na:to Vtr [Neutr: def, hort and indef na:to; imper sgs na:to-. Correl: na:to-k; immed:
na:to-ka-'i. Compl: na:to-yok; immed: na:to-yoka-'i. Dur: na:to-d.]: without 'i: to make
obj; with 'i: to finish obj, to be through with what one is doing, to be all set
ex: ... 'am na:to g ginsku hega'i uv k 'am 'i na:to. ... he finished making the gins set,
that Buzzard. ia 'am hab havuihimc 'am 'i hana:to. Well, she finished doing that for
them (the cradle boards). ... na:nkidahimc 'am 'i na:to. ... he finished matching them
(the boy's wagers). ia tp ves 'ab hab juk 'am 'i na:to. Well, he finished puting
everything on it (the horse). ... mat 'am va:pagtk 'am 'i na:to 'ama'i mat 'am o
'o(<'e)cicvi. ... they finished making the holes in the ground where they were going to
play gins against each other. Tp 'ea hek hu na:to 'am 'i ba'ihamk g ku'ag.
Meanwhile, they had already finished putting the wood in there. ia k 'am 'i na:tok
hab juk 'am mehi hega'i ku'ag. Well, and after they were through doing that they set fire
to that wood. 'Atp 'am 'i na:tok 'e'a:g, hab kaij: ...When he thought that he had
 97

na:to/ na:todam

finished it (building the house), he said: ... Nt o 'ip na:tok g vapkona. Wait until I
have finished my washing. ia k hab ju: mat 'ab 'amje na:to g jevu. Well, and what
he did is t make the earth out of it. ... k hegda:m 'am hana:to g hemajkam. ... and on it
(on the earth) he created the people. 'Atp 'am hab haha na:to g ki:. Then he made a
house. ... hekaj hab ha'icu vua mo ob(<vab) 'am na:to ha'icu. ... therefore he does
things which are things which he just creates. Na:to 'o g pa:n. She is making bread.
... hega'i 'u'uvhig-nonha matp 'ab hadada 'am hana:tok hega'i viappoi. ... these bird's eggs
which he had set up there after he made them, that boy. ... 'am haha hidok 'am 'i
na:tok 'am haha na:to g sitol. ... after she finished cooking it she made syrup.

na:to Vreflex: to get completed, finished, ready

ex: Tk 'ena:tok 'am daha. They sit there, finished. Kut 'ab 'ep 'i'ik 'ena:tok u ba'ag.
Having drunk more of it, he was a completed eagle. Hek 'at hu 'u(<'e)na:to. She is
past puberty (she has menstruated twice).

na:to Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-natto; for Distr see 'e-nanto) [Neutr: def 'e-
na:to. Correl: 'e-na:to-k; immed: 'e-na:to-ka-'i. Compl: 'e-na:to-yok. Interr: 'e-na:to-him] :
to get through with what one is doing, to get ready
ex: Napt 'ena:to? Are you ready? 'Ena:to 'otk(<'atk). He is ready. Hemu 'unt(<'ant)
o a(<va) nna:to. I'll be ready soon. Hemu 'utt(<'att) o tna:to. We'll be ready soon. Pi
'it(<'at) koi 'i 'i(<'e)na:to. They were not yet through. 'I him mapt hekid o 'i 'i(<'e)na:to!
Come here when you are through! Kumt 'oi vo 'ena:to! You'd better get ready right
away! 'I 'ant ab o 'i me:nad 'apt o 'i 'enakogk. Hekid 'am o 'i 'ena:to, tt o hihi. I'll
wait for you here while you are getting ready. When you are through (ready), we'll go.
... 'am 'i 'eto'idk 'eto'idk 'am 'i 'ena:to. ... having bet and bet against each other they were
through (ready to play). Nna:tohim 'a. I am about through (ready). elma 'a hi
a(<va) nna:tohim. I am almost ready (I think). Va voho 'an haha 'i 'ena:tohimk hihi.
Indeed (as they say) after they were through, they left. Tp 'am 'ena:tok 'amje hi:. He
got ready and left (from there). Hemu mapt o 'ena:tok o hi:! Get ready and come now!
'Ena:tok 'am hi a(<va) e'e. When she is through (with her work) she sings.

na:to Vreflex tr: to turn into, to become obj

ex: heg 'at a(<va) hejel o 'ena:to g kavyu. ... and that one, he will turn (himself) into a
horse. ... nt heg o nna:to ma u hohogmel. I will turn into what is called a butterfly.
... 'ea 'ab 'i 'ena:tohi. ... meanwhile he had started changing shape (turning into
something). 'O'odham 'ena:to. He is an adult man now (he has become an adult man).
... 'ida hab a 'i 'eju: mapt ha'as hab a 'i 'ena:to g 'o'odham. ... now that what has
happened is that you have become a full grown man.

na:to Vreflex: to appear out of nowhere, to be created

ex: u:dag 'an 'ena:to 'ana'i. Water appeared (suddenly) there.

na:todam ha- N: creator (the one who makes someone; same as na:tokam)
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na:to/ na:tokc

na:to Vtr Unit (for Repet see nanto) [Neutr: indef na:to]: without 'i: to make obj
several times in succession; with 'i: to finish obj several times in succession
ex: Hek hu mo mu'i na:to g lial. Formerly he made a lot of money. Hekid 'ap 'i
na:to g 'ecikpan? When do you finish your chores?

na:to Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-nanto) [Neutr: indef 'e-na:to]: to get through
with what one is doing
ex: Hekid 'ap 'i 'i(<'e)na:to? When do you usually get through?

na:tok in vopnom hana:tok NExpr: hat factory (place where they make hats)

na:toi N inalien: creation, something made by somebody

ex: ... g jevu 'ena:toi. ... the earth created by himself. Nt 'am ba: g u:dag mna:toi. I
drank the liquor (water) made by you. ... 'i:dam 'u'uvhig nna:toi. ... these birds made
by me.

na:tois Stat: to be finished, completed

na:tojid (dial: na:tojulid) Vdtr [Neutr: def na:toj; hort na:tojid]: to prepare obj, to get
obj ready, for somebody

na:tojulid see Vdtr na:tojid = to prepare obj for somebody

na:tokam N inalien [1st pers pl: t-na:tokam]: maker, creator

jevu-na:tokam NComp: the Earth Maker
'ega-na:tokam NComp: clothes maker, clothes factory

na:tokam 'e- N subst: a girl after puberty (a girl who has menstruated twice)

na:tokam vu Stat Expr: to be the maker of (somebody or something)

ex: Jesus 'o (<vu) tna:tokam. Jesus is our maker.

na:tokc semi Stat reflex Unit (for Distr see 'e-nantokc) [Neutr: def, hort and indef 'e-
na:tokc. Dur: 'e-na:tokci-d]: to be ready, prepared
ex: Nap 'ena:tokc, tt o hihi! Are you ready, let's go! Nap 'ena:tokc si'alim o
'o(<'e)cecegaim? Are you prepared to go to your exam (to be examined) tomorrow?
Nam 'ena:tokc? Are you(pl) ready? B(<'ab) 'a masma 'am nna:tokc 'a:i'i. That's what
I am prepared for. ... matp cum 'ena:tokc mat o 'oi hihi. ... (the people) who were ready
in vain to go right away. Mant 'i a jivak nna:tokc. I come here all prepared. Vo
'o(<'e)na:tokc! Be prepared! Vo 'o(<'e)na:tokcid cum hekid! Be prepared at all time!
 99

no/ no[a]gid

no-

no see Vintr no[a]g- = to turn in a certain direction

no N: a plant of the yucca family

no Vtr Unit (for Repet see nona) sgo (for plo see no:no) [Neutr: def no:; hort
no:; imper sgs noa-. Correl: no-k; immed: no-ka-'i]: to bend obj
ex: Nt o 'i no:. I'll bend it. 'I g 'i no:! Bend it! Nt o 'i nok 'ab o bei. I'll bend it (the
branch) and get it (the fruit).

noa see Vintr no[a]g- = to become rabid

no[a]g- Vintr Unit (for Repet see nonag; for Distr see no:nag) sgs (for pls see
no:no[a]g-) [Neutr: def no; hort noag; imper nogi-. Correl: noag-k. Compl:
noagi-ok; immed: noagi-oka-'i]: to turn, make a turn in a certain direction
ex: 'I 'apt hab o 'i no! Turn this way! 'Im 'apt hab o 'i no! Turn that way! T 'am
no hega'i je'ej k ga hu hi: 'u:pam. His mother turned there and walked back home. Nt
o 'i no 'u:pam. I'll go back (I'll make a turn in the direction I come from). Kups voho
'i ab o 'i no! You can't possibly leave (turn) just now! 'I g 'i noag! Make a turn!
Pt 'an o 'i noagk 'ep o 'i hi:. Make a turn there and come back (walking)! 'I
noagioka'i! Make a turn first!

noag- Vintr sgs (for pls see nonag-) [Neutr: def noa. Interr: noag[i]-him] to
become rabid
ex: Noa 'at g gogs. The dog has become rabid. Noaghim 'o g gogsga. My dog is
getting rabid.

noagam N subst sg [pl: nonagam]: one with rabies

noagam vu Stat Expr sgs: to be one with rabies

ex: gogsga 'o (<vu) noagam. My dog has rabies (is one with rabies).

no[a]gid Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-nonagid) sgs (for pls see 'e-no:nogid)
[Neutr: def 'e-noag; hort 'e-no[a]gid. Correl: 'e-noagid-k; immed: noagid-ka-'i]: to
turn oneself in a certain direction
ex: Sho:tam 'apt o 'i 'i(<'e)noag! Come back right away! Nt o 'i nnoag 'u:pam. I'll
go back home (turn myself in the direction I come from). 'I g 'i 'i(<'e)noagid 'am 'eki:
vui! Go back to your home! ia c 'am haha va 'i 'enoagidk gm hu me: 'u:pam. Well,
and then he turned around there and ran back to where he came from. ia k 'ab 'u:pam
 100

no[a]gid/ nolot

'i 'enoagidk 'i a hu 'i ce ... Well, and he turned around and climbed back to where he
came from (the shore) ...

noagig s- Stat sgs: to be intoxicating (same as s-haumdag)

ex: No snoagig? Is it intoxicating?

noagigam s- Adj sg: intoxicating (same as s-haumadkam)

noag see Vreflex 'e-noagid= to turn oneself in a certain direction

noag[]cud Vtr Unit (for Repet see nonagcud) sgo (for plo see no:nag[]cud)
[Neutr: def noagc. Interr: noagcudahim]: to make obj dizzy, intoxicated
ex: T o mnoagc. It will make you dizzy. Nnoagc 'at. I am dizzy.
Nnoagcudahim 'o. It's getting me dizzy.

noags Stat reflex: to make a turn (said of a road)

ex: Nt o 'i hu mo heba'i 'i(<'e)noags g vo:g. I'll get off at the turn off (where the road
makes a turn). S'apkoji 'i 'i(<'e)noags g vo:g, pt heg o 'i 'oi! The road makes a turn
to the right, follow it!

noagk see Vintr no[a]g- = to turn in a certain direction

noagku N inalien: steering wheel (used with 'i unless qualified by a person marker;
also called 'i nonagidaku)
ex: Nat juaka g mnoagku? Is your steering wheel loose?

No Da:k NExpr: a village near Si:l Nagia

Noji Vna (Span: noche buena) NExpr [loc: Noji Vna 'e]: Christmas Eve

nol Stat sing [mult: no:nol]: to branch out, to have a branch (said of a tree)
ex: Jumal 'i nol hega'i 'u:s. That tree has a low branch. 'An hab ce mo 'on(<'an) g 'u:s
ge 'i nol. He climbed on where the tree has a branch (of a certain size).

nolot (dial: nolat, nolavt) Vtr Unit (for Repet see nonlot) [Neutr: def and hort and
indef nolot]: to buy obj
ex: He'ekia 'apt 'i 'o'ohon hanolot? How many books did you buy? Nt o hema nolot g
ci-vegijidaku. I'll buy a lipstick tube. Nt o ha'i hanolot g ci-vepegijidaku. I'll buy
a few lipstick tubes. Pi 'i(<'a) ma:c matp ha'i hanolot g haiva. I don't know whether
he bought any cows. Ha 'ant nolot g cu'i. I bought some flour. Ba:p hanolot g
'e'i'ipu! Where do you buy your dresses? Cum hekid 'a ab hanolot g hacu:dagta
ma hekid 'i sga'im g cu:kug. I always buy coals when I make a roast.
 101

nolot/ nonag[]cud

nolot (dial: nolat, nolavt) Vdtr Unit (for Repet see nonlot): to buy obj from somebody
ex: Nt o mnolot g moiga. I'll buy your horse from you. Nt o ha'i mnolot g mooiga.
I'll buy a few of your horses from you. Nt o hema hanolot g kavyu. I'll buy a horse
from someone. Nt o ha'i mnolot g 'ihug. I'll buy a few devilsclaw pods from you.
B(<'ab) 'at o tnolot hegam tooiga. They say that they want to buy our pets from us.

nolotaku (dial: nolataku, nolavtaku) N: store (also called cianda, tianda, tianna)

nolotakuc'e cikpandam NExpr: store keeper (one who works in a store)

nolotam s- V subst dtr: to wish to buy something for somebody

ex: Cum 'o snnolotam g ma:gina. He would like to buy my car from me. ... cum
shanolotam hegam ha'ega. ... they (the people) were wishing to buy what they (the
boys) owned (their possession) from them. Pi 'imt(<'amt) o a 'i hama: mas o cum
s'emnolotam! Don't give it to those who wish to buy it from you(pl)!

nona Vtr Repet (for Unit see no) sgo (for plo see no:no) [Neutr: indef nona.
Dur: nona-d]: to bend obj repeatedly
ex: M g ab 'i nonad! Be bending it each time!

nonag Vintr Repet (for Unit see no[a]g-) sgs [Neutr: indef nonag; concurs
nonag-c. Correl: nonag-k]: to turn, make a turn (in a certain direction) repeatedly
ex: 'I dadeck 'ep g hu nonagc 'u:pam 'ep jijivha. It (a bird) repeatedly flies and makes a
turn over there and comes back. 'A ko g 'o'odham heba'i nonagc 'i jijivhac gm hu
'e'a:gahim mat has masma 'am hab 'eju:. Indeed (surprise) whenever a man comes back
from a joumey (turns and arrives) he recounts what happened (to him)! M(<'am) 'apt o
hihhimadc gm hu o 'i nonagad! Walk there and come back repeatedly!

nonag- Vintr pls (for sgs see noag-) [Neutr: def nona. Interr: nonag[i]-him]: to
become rabid

nonagam see N subst noagam: one with rabies

non[a]gid Vreflex intr Repet (for Unit see 'e-no[a]gid) sgs [Neutr: indef 'e-
nonagid. Dur: 'e-nonagida-d . Interr: 'e-nonagida-him]: to turn (in a certain direction)

nonagidaku N inalien: steering wheel (used with 'i unless qualified by person
marker; also called 'i noagku)

nonag[]cud Vtr Repet (for Unit see noag[]cud) sgo [Neutr: indef noagcud]: to
make obj dizzy repeatedly
ex: Silvsa 'o nnonagcud. Beer makes me dizzy.
 102

nonag[]cud/ nonoi

nonag[]cud Vtr plo (for sgo see noag[]cud) [Neutr: def nonagc; indef
nonagcud. Interr: nonagcuda-him]: to make obj dizzy, intoxicated
ex: T o 'emnonagc. It will make you(pl) dizzy. Silvsa 'o tnonagcud. Beer makes
us dizzy. Tnonagcudahim 'o. We are getting dizzy.

nonha in ha'icu nonha NExpr aggreg [distr: ha'icu nonnha]: egg(s)

cucul-nonha NComp alien aggreg: chicken egg(s)
ex: M 'o hema daha g cucul-nonha. There is (sits) a chicken egg down there.
'u'uvhig-nonha NComp aggreg: bird egg(s)

nonha Stat sgs [pls: nonnha]: to be pregnant

ex: Ves 'ahid 'ab nonha. She is pregnant every year. ia, tp hab 'eju: hega'i 'alicu 'uv k
'am 'i nonha. Well, the youngest girl had gotten herself pregnant (had acted in a certain
way and was pregnant).

nonhacud Vtr sgo [Neutr: def nonhac; hort nonhacud]: to make/ get obj pregnant

nonham N subst sg [pl: nonnham]: one who is pregnant

nonhat Vintr sgs [Neutr: def and indef nonhat]: to lay an egg
ex: 'Atk hema nonhat g cucul. One hen has laid an egg. 'A kutp 'e'ai mo 'ea nonhat g
'u'uvhig? Could it possibly be the time when birds lay their eggs?

nonhat Vintr sgs [Neutr: def hort and indef nonhat. Interr: nonhata-him]: to become
pregnant
ex: Ves 'ahid 'ab nonhat hega'i. She gets pregnant every year.

nonlot Vtr Repet (for Unit see nolot) [Neutr: indef nonlot]: to buy obj repeatedly

nonlot Vdtr Repet (for Unit see nolot) [Neutr: indef nonlot. Dur: nonlota-d]: to buy obj
from somebody repeatedly
ex: ... pi a 'i hanamka matp 'am cum hanonlot 'idam 'o'odham. ... they (the boys) keep
refusing to give them (the birds) to these people who keep trying to buy them (the birds)
from them (the boys). ... 'am o cum hanonlotad hega'i ha'a'an. ... they will keep on
trying to buy their feathers from them. Ma hekid 'am a hihhim nolotaku vui c hemho
a(<va) ha'icu hanonlot. Every time I go to the store I buy something.

nonnha see no:nha = egg(s)

nonnha see Stat nonha = to be pregnant
nonnham see N subst nonham = one who is pregnant
nonnovyu see N novyu = ox
nonoi see Vtr nonoig = to stir obj
 103

nonoig/ nov-

nonoig (dial: nonaig) Vtr [Neutr: def nonoi; indef and hort nonoig. Dur: nonoiga-d]: to
stir obj (same as 'iolagid)
ex: Nt o nonoi. I'll stir it (for a short while). 'I nonoig! Stir it (for a short while)! M g
nonoigad g 'atol, t o ku:. Keep stirring the gravy (drippings), it will stick to the pan.

nonol N inalien aggreg [3rd pers sg nonola-j]: a sea shell (tiny and snail-like which
was used for bracelets)

nonovyu see N novyu = ox

nonpidva Vintr pls (for sgs see nopidva): to trip

nophai see Vtr nophain = to trip obj

nophain (met *nopahim) Vtr sgo [Neutr: def nophai; hort nophain]: to trip obj once
ex: 'E-g-e'eidk, t o mnophai! Be careful, he is going to trip you(sg)! Pi g 'am hu
nnophain! Don't trip me!

nophai Vtr sgo [Neutr: nophai. Dur: nophaia-d]: to trip obj reiteratedly
ex: Pi g 'am hu nnophaiad! Don't be tripping me again and again!

nopidva Vintr sgs (for pls see nonpidva) [Neutr: def nopidva]: to trip
ex: 'E-g-e'eidk, pt o 'om(<'am) nopidva! Be careful, you(sg) might trip! Nopidva 'ant.
I tripped.

nopckva Vtr sgo [Neutr: def and hort nopckva]: to make obj fall down by tripping
ex: Pi g 'am nnopckva! Don't trip me!

novigid Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-no:nhaigid) [Neutr: def 'e-novig; hort 'e-
novigid]: to motion with one's hand
ex: Pt o 'o(<'e)novig! Make a gesture with your hand!

nov N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg novi-j; loc: nov-t-'an; instr: nov-kaj); pl: no:nhai
(dial: no:nhoi )]: upper limb (including arm and hand)
ex: Novij g be:i ! Shake hands with him (get his hand)! Mac hekaj 'am ha'icu has vua.
(Hands are) that with which we do things.

nov-bebbhe VComp tr: to shake hands with several people one after the other
ex: Hanov-bebbhe g hemajkam. He keeps shaking hands with the people (one after the
other). Ha-g-nov-bebbhe! Shake hands with them! 'Oi g nov-bebbhe! Go ahead
and shake hands with him! T o mnov-bebbhe. (He said) he is going to shake hands
with you(sg). Tt o ho(<ha)nov-bebbhe. We'll shake hands with them.
 104

novkam/ no:no

novkam N subst sing [mult: no:nhaikam (dial: no:nhoikam)]: one with a hand
ex: Sgevpk no:nhaikam: strong handed one -- sbibtag no:nhaikam: dirty handed one

novyu (Span: novillo) N alien indiv [pl: nonovyu; distr: nonnovyu]: ox, castrated bull

no:-

no: see Vtr no = to bend obj

no: see Vtr no = to bend obj

no:nag Vintr Distr (for Unit see no[a]g) [Neutr: indef no:nag]: to make a turn in a
certain direction one after the other
ex: S'o'ogji 'i no:nag g mamagina. One after the other the cars are turning left.

no:nhai see N nov = upper limb (arm and hand)

no:nhai (dial s-no:nho) s- Adv: of hands

no:nhai in s-no:nhai 'u:v Stat V Expr: to smell of hands

ex: ..ku hab hi a(<va) 'ep sno:nhai 'u:v. ..that is how it too smells of hands (hearsay).

no:nhaigid Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-novigid): to motion with one's hands

no:nhaikam see N subst novkam = one with a hand

no:nhai-vakonaku NComp indiv [pl: no:nhai-vapkonaku]: wash basin (instrument

to wash hands)

no:nhai-vapkon VComp reflex [Neutr: def 'e-no:nhai-vapko; hort 'e-no:nhai-vapkon]:

to wash one's hands
ex: Nt o nno:nhai-vapko. I'Il wash my hands. 'E-g-no:nhai-vapkon! Wash your hands!

no:no see Vtr no:no = to bend obj

no:no see Vintr no:no[a]g- =to turn in a certain direction

no:no Vtr Unit plo (for sgo see no-) [Neutr: def no:no; hort and indef no:no.
Correl: no:no-k; immed: no:no-ka'i. Dur: no:noa-d]: to bend obj
 105

no:no/ eid
ex: Nt o 'i hano:no. I'll bend them. 'I hano:no! Bend them! M g ab 'i hano:noad!
Keep on bending them! 'Ab 'al 'i no:nok 'an ha'icukaj 'al vu:p. Having bent them some,
she tied them some with something.

no:no[a]g- Vintr Unit pls (for sgs see no[a]g-) [Neutr: def no:no; hort no:nog;
imper no:nogi-o. Compl: no:nogi-ok; immed: no:nogi-oka-'i]: to turn, make a turn in a
certain direction
ex: Tt o 'i no:no 'am tki: vui. We'll go back (turn toward) to our home. Tt o 'i no:no
'u:pam. We'll go back home (turn to where we came from). 'I g o no:nog 'am 'eki: vui!
Go back to your home!

no:nogid Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-noagid) [Neutr: def 'e-no:nog; indef and hort
'e-no:nogid. Correl: 'e-no:nogid-k; immed: 'e-no:nogid-ka-'i]: to turn oneself in a certain
direction
ex: ... mamt 'am o hihi ki:him da:m k gm hu o 'i 'eno:nog. ... that you(pl) will go above
the village and over there turn around. Mt o 'i 'eno:nog 'am 'eki:k vui! Go back to your
homes! Tt o 'i tno:nog 'am tki: vui. We'll go back to our home. 'I g o 'i 'eno:nogid 'am
'eki: vui! Go back to your home at once! ... ga hu o 'i 'eno:nogidk 'i a hu 'u:pam 'ep o
dada. ... having turned around over there they will come back here.

no:nog see Vreflex 'e-no:nogid = to turn oneself in a certain direction (pls)

no:nol see Stat nol = to have a branch, to branch out

e-

ei see Vintr e'e = to sing and dance

ei see Vtr eid = to see, look at obj

eicug Vintr [Neutr: indef eicug. Dur: eicuga-d]: to be awake while in motion (same
as iacug)
ex: B(<'ab) 'a ab eicug. I am still awake (as when driving a car). B(<vab) o 'i
eicugad! Keep your eyes open!

eid Vtr Unit (for Repet see ee'id) [Neutr: def ei; indef and hort eid. Correl:
eid-k. immed: eid-ka-'i. Compl: eid-ok; immed: eid-oka-'i. Dur: eida-d. Interr:
eidahim.]: to see, look at, watch obj
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eid
ex: ..c 'am haha 'i ia hega'i keli k 'an ei. .. and the old man looked down there and he
saw it. --..k 'an o 'i ei m'an da. ..and (you) will see where it is sitting (the moon in the
sky). -- 'i haha 'ep o ei 'ep! look at it again! -- Si'alim 'ant o ei hega'i. I'll see him
tomorrow.--Tako 'ont(<'ant) 'ab haei. I saw them yesterday. B(<'ab) 'ant haei g
vepegi. I saw the movies. ia tp ga hu 'i ei g hemajkam. Well the people saw her
'am haha ei k 'am 'al daha g 'u'uvhig-nonha 'ama'i. then (I) looked and there were little
birds' eggs sitting there. N g eid! Look at it up there (on something)! Vu:ak 'am
eid! Go out and take a look at it! N(<'an) g si 'i eid! Look for it hard/ some more!
Nap eid? Do you see me? ..mam hemu 'un(<'an) haeid g hahaa. ..(as) you all now
see the saguaro cacti around. a(<va) voho 'am eid ma hab cu'igc 'ab ge sikol 'e:keg.
They indeed (as she had told them) see that there seems to be a large circle of shade up
there. Ku 'an meidc hekaj pi has a 'i nta:tk. I can see you around (I know you are
around) and therefore I don't worry. Pi 'i(<'a) 'am hu a 'i eid. I have never been
there (see it there).-- Pi 'i(<'a) 'ab hu eid. I never see him. -- M 'a haeid g 'a'al. I am
watching the children down there. B(<'ab) 'a haeid g television mapt jiva. I was
watching television when you arrived. 'am eidc hab kaij... Watching it (hearsay) he
said... B(<hab) 'o kaijc 'an eid g ku:bs. He said as he was watching the smoke. 'ab
a eid ma 'ab me. They watched (hearsay) him running (toward them). 'Am 'i
vukec ga hu 'i kekivupc 'am eid. He keeps getting out (of the water), standing up on the
bank, and taking a look. Kutt 'i'aji 'am o a(<va) meidad. From here we will be
watching you down there. Pi 'im(<'am) hu o eidad! Don't be watching it! B(<'ab)
'ant ab o kia a 'i haeidad g television. I'll keep on watching television for a while. M
g eidad, t o 'i da'idc. Could you(sg) keep an eye on it, it boils up (of milk). B(<'ab) g
si elim eidad! Look straight at it! B(<'ab) 'a ab haeidahim. I am just having a
look at them. 'In 'a ab a(<va) himhidc 'an eidahim g jevu. I am just walking
around having a look at the land. -- ..'an 'i haeidahi matp 'an hab cu'ig ju:kamaj. ..he had
a look at what seemed to be (written) in Mexican. 'I haeidahi g 'ehaivaga. He went
to have a look at his cattle. --Pi 'int(<'ant) koi 'an hu 'i haeidahi. I have not checked them
yet. -- eidka'i! Watch it for a short while (you sg)! -- eidka'io! Watch it for a short
while (you pl)! -- M g eidka'i! Why don't you(sg) watch it for a while! --M g o 'i
eidka'i! Why don't you(pl) watch it for a while! -- Kupt heg o eidk o 'i 'oidahi! After
you see it, start following it (his track)! -- 'ab 'i haeidka'ik 'a hab kaij: having seen
them he said: -- Hema 'an o 'i eidk hab o cei:Someone having seen me will say:
-- Tp hab haha kaij g Ban 'an haeidoka'i hegam totova: Then Coyote said after seeing
the turkeys: --M 'ant ab 'emeidok ghekaj 'ab 'i hi:. I just saw you(pl) down there, that
is why I came. -- M 'at hu si 'emelic 'ab 'i eidok. He ran away at full speed as soon as
he saw me.
ha'icu eid VExpr: to be able to see, to have a view
ex: 'amje 'am o ei ha'icu. from there (you) will have a view. Hegam pi
eiadam 'at o ha'icu ei. The blind will see. a:cu 'u(<'a) ge eid. I can't see.

eid Vtr: to shine in obj's eyes

ex: Si eid g ta. The sun is shining in my eyes.
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eid/ eidamcud

eid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ei; indef and hort 'e-eid. Dur: 'e-eida-d]: to see/ look at
oneself
ex: 'I 'i(<'e)ei. He looked at himself. Himk 'ab 'i 'i(<'e)eid! Go look at yourself! ...
t o 'o(<'e)eidad g hemajkam c hab s'ap o 'eve:m ki:k. ... the people will see each other
and thus they will live well with each other.

eid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ei]: to find out for oneself

ex: Kumt 'am o a(<va) 'eei. You(pl) will find out for yourselves. Nantp hi 'am o
a(<va) ei hi a'a(<va'a), ntp hems o a(<va) nako. I'll find out for myself, maybe I can
do it.

eid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ei; indef 'e-eid]: to be seen, to appear

ex: T 'i a vaha(<haha) va 'eei g na:nko ma:s ha'icu. Then the different kinds of things
(that now exist) appeared (here on the earth). ia hab masma 'am 'eeid. Well, this is
how she is usually seen.

eid Vreflex impers: to be highly probable, predictable

ex: B(<hab) 'o masma 'am 'eeid mat o si shoho'i hega'i. It is highly probable that she will
enjoy that very much.

eidacug Vtr [Neutr: indef eidacug. Dur: eidacuga-d]: to be looking at/ watching for
obj while moving
ex: ... 'in himhimc eidacug g u:dag, scuhugam ma gve:m ab hu:l bijim. ... as he goes
around and around he sees water, darkness which are whirling around with him. 'An g
haeidacugad g cu:v! Watch for rabbits (as when hunting rabbits from a car)!

eidaku N indiv [pl: eeidaku]: mirror, glass

eidaku in me:k-ha'icu-eidaku NComp indiv: field glasses, telescope

eidam s- V subst tr: to wish to see obj

ex: a:cu 'up(<'ap) seidam? What would you like to see? ... ma heg seidam hega'i
matp u 'em'u:gcuga. I wish to see whoever is your headman. Nap seidamk 'i hab
jiva? Do you wish to see him (did you come here wishing to see him)? Smeidamk 'i
hab jiva. He came here to see you.

eidam s-ta Adv: interesting to see, worth seeing

eidamcud s- Vimpers dtr [Neutr: def s-eidamc]: to make obj feel like seeing
something/somebody
ex: Seidamc hega'i. I'd like to see him (now).
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eidamk/ eijig

eidamk s- Stat: to want to see obj

ex: a:cu 'up(<'ap) seidamk? What do you want to see?

eidamk s-cu Stat sgs [pls: s-cu-eeidamk]: to be curious to see things

ex: Heg 'o scueidamk/ ha'icu seidamk). He is curious. Scu-'o-eidamk hega'i keli.
He is curious, that old man. Scu-'um(<'am)-eidamk. You(pl) are curious.

eidamkam s-cu N subst sg [pl: s-cu-eeidamkam]: one curious to see things

eidamkam vu s-cu Stat sgs: to be curious to see things

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) scueidamkam/ha'icu seidamkam. He is one who is curious.

eidc semi Stat [Neutr: indef eidc. Dur: eidci-d. Interr: eid-c=ka-him]: to be
observing obj
ex: M g ab 'i eidcid! Keep on observing it/him! G hu jivak 'am ab eidckahim. He
got down there and just observed him.

eidc semi Stat reflex [Neutr: def hort and indef 'e-eidc. Dur: 'e-eidci-d. Interr: 'e-
eidc=ka-him]: to observe, examine oneself
ex: G 'i 'i(<'e)eidc! Examine yoursel

eidma s-ta Stat sgs [Neutr: indef s-ta-eidma; def s-ta-eidmak. Dur: s-ta-
eidma=ka-d. Interr: s-ta-eidma=ka-him]: to be interesting to see, worthwhile seeing
ex: Sta-'a(<'o)-eidma g keihina. The dancing is worthwhile seeing. T o staeidamk.
It'll be worthwhile seeing.

eidmakam s-ta N subst sg: one worthwhile seeing, interesting to see

eidmakam vu s-ta Stat sgs: to be one worthwhile seeing, interesting to see

eijid in hejel 'e-eijid VExpr reflex [Neutr: def and hort hejel 'e-eijid]: to pick out
what one wants
ex: Nant 'am hejel o 'i eijid? Can I pick out what I want? M(<'am) g hejel 'i
'i(<'e)eijid! (Why don't you) pick out what you want!

eijig s- N: a woman dangerous to see for her close relatives (either a girl at her first
menstruation or a woman with her newborn baby)
ex: 'Ekulamadk 'ab 'e'a: g seijig. Having looked for the cause of the disease he
diagnosed a woman-dangerous-to-see.
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eijig/ enaan

eijig vu s- Stat Expr: to be a woman dangerous to see for her close relatives
ex: D(<vu) 'ok seijig. It's a woman-dangerous-to-see (who is the cause of the illness).
'Ekulamadk 'ab 'e'a: ma u ab seijig. Having looked into the cause of the illness he
diagnosed a woman-dangerous-to-see.

em N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg ema-j); pl/distr: e:em]: liver (of a person)

em in ha'icu em NExpr indiv: liver (of an animal)

emaj N inalien: liver of a specified animal (its liver)

emaj-hido NComp inalien mass: liver stew

en Vintr sgs [Neutr: def e:; hort en; imper ena-. Correl: en-k; immed: en-ka-'i.
Interr: en-him]: to wake up (same as ia)
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) o 'oi e: si'alim. I am not going to wake up early tomorrow. Nt o a 'i
si'alimk e: si'alim. I'll wake up real early tomorrow. ena! Wake up! M 'apt o 'i
vai mat o enhid. Call me when he is waking up. Nt o enk o mvuha. I'll wake up
and wake you up.

enamcud s- Vtr impers sgo (for plo see s-ennamcud) [Neutr: def s-enamc; indef
s-enamcud]: to cause obj to feel like waking up
ex: Pi 'o 'ob(<'ab) hu a 'i enamcud. I usually don't feel like waking up (I have
difficulty waking up in the morning).

enaa Vtr: to check obj

ex: ... 'in 'at vesko vo 'i enaa 'i:da'a do'ag. ... he will check every corner of (all over)
this mountain every time.

enaa Vintr: to stay awake

ex: B(<'ab) g si je:jenk hekaj 'ab o 'i enaa. Take a good puff in order to stay awake.

enaaa Vtr: to check obj reiteratedly

enaan Vtr [Neutr: def enaa; indef and hort enaan. Dur: enaana-d. Interr:
enaana-him]: to check obj (same as enaa?)
ex: Napt 'am a(<va) si 'i enaa? Did you check it completely? Napt vesko 'i enaa?
Did you check it all over? Himk 'am 'i enaan mas hascu hab cei! Go and check what
that noise was! N g ab 'i enaanad! Keep on checking it! M 'a enaanahim. I am
checking it (to see whether everything is all right).
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enaan/ enhogid

enaan Vintr [Interr: enaana-him]: to wake up

enaanahim 'o. He is waking up.

enaanamcud s- Vimpers tr sgo (for plo see s-ennaanamcud) [Neutr: indef s-

enaanamcud]: to cause obj to feel awake/ alert continually
ex: Pi 'o 'ob(<'ab) hu a 'i enaanamcud. I usually don't feel like being alert

enaancud Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-ennaancud) [Neutr: def 'e-enaanc; hort
e-enaancud]: to make oneself wake up, to make an effort to wake up
ex: B(<'ab) g si je:jenk hekaj 'ab o 'i eenaanc! Take a good puff in order to wake
(yourself) up! 'I 'i(<'e)enaancud! Wake (yourself) up!

enaa s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-enaa; def s-enaa=k. Dur: s-enaa=ka-d);
pls: s-ennaa]: to be alert, awake
ex: (<'a) ab kia senaa. I am still alert. (<'a) ab si senaa. I am wide awake.
C(<'ac) ab kia sennaa. We are still alert. Senaa 'a, pi 'int(<'ant) o a 'i koi. I
am alert, I won't fall asleep. S'ap ko:ka'ik o senaakad si'alim! Have a good sleep so
that you will be alert tomorrow!

encud in pi encud VExpr tr impers [Neutr: def pi enc. Interr: pi encuda-him]: to

cause obj to get an eye disease
ex: Pi 'it(<'at) enc. I have got an eye disease (temporarily). Pi 'o encudahim. I am
getting an eye disease.

endag in pi endag NExpr: eye disease

ex: Heg 'atk 'ai g pi endag. He caught an eye disease (eye disease caught up with him).

enho see Vintr enhog = to give a sweeping look, to look all around

enhog Vintr [Neutr: def enho; indef and hort enhog; concurs enhog-c. Dur:
enhoga-d]: to give a sweeping look, to look all around (with ve:gaj present or implied)
ex: Pt o 'eve:gaj 'i enho! (You will) look all around you! N g 'i enhog! Look all
around (scan the horizon)! Ku 'an enhogc hab kaij ... While scanning (hearsay) the
horizon he said ... B(<vab) o 'i enhogad! Keep on looking all around (scanning the
horizon)!

enhogid Vtr [Neutr: def enhog; indef and hort enhogid. Dur: enhogida-d]: to look
all around for obj
ex: N 'ant o a(<va) 'i enhog. I'll look all around for it. N g 'i enhogid, 'am hu a(<va)
vo'o. (Why don't you) look all around for it, it was lying there (I saw it, I am sure). Nap
'an a(<va) cum enhogid? Have you really tried your best to look all around for it?
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enhog/ ehol

enhog see Vtr enhogid = to look all around for obj

enna Vintr Repet (for Unit see ia) sgs (for pls see eia) [Neutr: indef enna. Dur:
enna-d. Interr: enna-him]: to look repeatedly in a certain direction
ex: Tp 'ea 'am 'i enna 'e'oidc hega'i 'alicu. Meanwhile he keeps looking behind himself,
the youngest boy. 'Am 'i ennahim 'e'oidc k haha me:. He looked behind himself
several times and then ran off.

enna Vintr Repet (for Unit see ia) sgs (for pls see eia) [Neutr: def enna. Dur:
enna-d. Interr: enna-him]: to wake up repeatedly
ex: Vevkc'e 'a enna. I wake up at seven. Cu:dp 'ola 'ab 'a enna. I wake up at six
o'clock. Pi 'o hejel enna. He does not wake up by himself (he has to be awakened).
Nt o ennad ves si'alig 'ab cu:dp 'ola 'e. I will wake up every morning at six o'clock.
Hek hu ma vevkc'e ennahim. Before, I would (always) wake up at seven.

ennamcud s- Vtr impers plo (for sgo see s-enamcud) [Neutr: def s-ennamc;
indef s-ennancud]: to cause object to feel like waking up
ex: Pi 'o 'ob(<ab) hu a tennamcud. We usually don't feel like waking up (we have
difficulty in the morning).

ennaanamcud s- Vtr impers plo (for sgo see s-enaamcud) [Neutr: indef s-
ennaanamcud]: to cause obj to feel awake, alert

ennaancud Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-enaancud) [Neutr: def 'e-ennaanc; hort
'e-ennaancud]: to make oneself wake up, to make an effort to wake up
ex: B(<'ab) g o 'i 'i(<e)ennaancud! Wake (yourselves) up!

ennaa see Stat s-enaa = to be alert, awake

eebig see N e:big = mythological monster, maybe dinosaur
eeidaku see N eidaku = mirror, glass

eeidaku-vu:pui NComp alien aggreg [1st pers sg -eeidaku-vu:pui=ga]: a

pair of glasses (also called vu:pui)

eeidamk see Stat s-cu-eidamk = to be curious to see things

eeidamkam see subst N s-cu-eidamkam = one curious to see things
eepo see N epo = nighthawk

eepoag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of nighthawks in one location

ehol see N ihol = servant, slave

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eia/ eiok

eia Vintr pls (for sgs see ia) [Neutr: def, indef and hort eia: to look in a certain
direction
ex: Ta:tai g o 'i eia! Look upward! 'I eia 'a(<'e)'o'oidk. They looked behind
themselves. Kumt 'am 'u:gk o 'i eia! Look way up there!

eia Vintr pls (for sgs see ia) [Neutr: def, indef and hort eia; imper eia-yo. Dur:
eia-d. Interr: eia-him]: to wake up
ex: ... mamt si'alimk o eia, vab 'i scuhugamk 'amt o eia! ... that you(pl) will wake up
early in the morning, before dawn wake up! B(<'ab) g o 'i eia! Wake up! eiahim
'o. They are about to wake up. M 'apt o 'i vai mat o eiahid. Call me when they are
(in the process of) waking up.

eia semi Stat intr pls (for sgs see ia): to be looking in a certain direction, to have
one's eyes cast in a certain direction
ex: 'I o hob(<hab) eiac daha. They are sitting with their eyes cast in this direction.

eia semi Stat intr pls (for sgs see ia): to be awake
ex: No eia? Are they awake?

eia s- semi Stat intr pls (for sgs see s-ia): to have good sight, good eyes, to see well
ex: Hegam 'o seia. They have good sight.
pi eia semi Stat Expr intr pls (for sgs see pi ia): to be blind, inobservant
ex: Hegam 'o pi eia. They are blind. -- Hegam o pi eiahim. They are getting blind.

eiadam see N subst s-iadam = one with good sight, good eyes
eiadam see Stat Expr vu s-iadam = to be one with good sight
eiadam see NExpr pi iadam = a blind one
eiadam see Stat Expr vu pi iadam = to be a blind one
eialimam see N subst ialimam = one who goes and begs for food, a sponger
eialimkam see N subst s-cu-ialimkam = beggar, sponger
e[i]avul see N iavul = devil

eiavul vu Stat Expr: to be caused by the devils (madness and delirium tremens)
ex: D(<vu) 'ok eiavul. The devils are responsible (there is evidence).

eio see Vintr eiok = to talk, speak

eiok Vintr pls (for sgs see iok) [Neutr: def eio; indef eiok; imper eiok-o,
hort eiok. Dur: eioka-d. Interr: eiok[i]-him]: to talk, to speak
ex: M 'o hi a(<va) 'eve:m eiok. They are over there talking to each other. Mt ab o
eiokadc pi 'am has o 'e'e:'elidad! You(pl) just talk, don't be shy!
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eiok/ e'ek

eiok in 'e-vui eiok VExpr intr: to argue with each other (two people)
ex: ... mat g haje'e 'am o 'evui eio 'am 'ema:ma haveheji. ... the way (two) mothers
will argue with each other taking the side of their own children. Babgatk 'evui eiok.
Having gotten angry they are arguing with each other.

ee'id Vtr Repet (for Unit see eid) [Neutr: indef ee'id. Dur: ee'ida-d]: to
see/ look at obj repeatedly
ex: 'I 'o daivc 'i ee'id. They come here to see me repeatedly. ... matp 'am
hihhimc 'am ee'id. ... (that) they repeatedly go there and look at it. ab si ha'a
hegam 'u'uv 'ab 'i haee'idc ... They just laugh at them, those girls, every time they
look at them ... Cum 'a hekid 'ab ee'id. I see him each time (each time I go there).
Vat o m'e'ebeidad mat hekid o 'i mee'idad. He will be afraid of you every time he
sees you. ... mat u o 'i gi'ik takad mamt 'am o ho(<ha)ee'idad. ... every four days
(go and) look at them over there!

epi N alien aggreg [1st pers sg -epi=ga]: a variety of squash

epo N indiv [pl: eepo]: nighthawk, whippoorwill

e'e Vintr Unit (for Repet see e'e) [Neutr: def ei; indef e'e; imper sgs e'i-, pls
e'i-vo; hort e:-'i. Correl: e'e-k; immed: e'e-ka-'i. Compl: e'i-ok; immed: e'i-oka-'i.
Interr: e'i-him; concurs e'ihim-c.]: to sing (and dance)
ex: ia gami 'atp hu ge cuhug ei. Well they sang and danced all night long until. T o
ha'i ei. They are going (hearsay) to sing and dance a few (songs). ia b(<hab) 'a
kaidam e'ihim. Well, that is how the singing sounded (hearsay). ia k a(<va) voho
'am o 'i e'ihimc 'atp 'am he'ekia 'i gi'ik e'i vo 'a:, 'am o dahaiva. Well indeed (as he told
them) they will sing and dance for a while and after every four songs they will sit down
e'ihim 'o c 'am him. He is singing as he is walking. 'O 'om(<'am) himadc e'ihim.
There he walks while singing. 'An 'at o himadc o e'ihid. He will be singing as he
walks. G o hu e'e ciopc'e. They are singing in church. G 'ac hu e'e ciopc'e
ves domig. We sing in church every Sunday. M g o ob(<vab) 'i e'ed! Why don't you
keep on singing! ..ha'as o e'ek 'am o dahaiva. ..they will stop singing and sit there.

e'edam N sg: singer

e'edam vu Stat Expr sgs: to be a singer

ex: D(<vu) 'o e'edam. He is a singer.

e'edam in hejel-e'edam NComp alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -hejel-e'edam=ga);

pl: hejel-e'edam]: phonograph

e'ek see Vintr e'e = to sing (and dance)

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e'i-/ e'icud

e'i- see Vintr e'e = to sing (and dance)

e'i N: singing, act of singing

e'i N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg e'i-j); pl/distr: e'ei]: song
ex: Nap hema sma:c g e'i? Do you know a song? Nap ha'i shama:c g e'ei? Do you
know a few songs? He'ekia 'ap 'i e'ei shama:c? How many songs do you know?
Go:k 'a hi shama:c hegam e'ei. I know two songs (I think). T hea'i mu'i vo
ho(<ha)mai 'idam e'ei, vo skeg e'ic g 'e'e'es ... He who will learn many of my songs
will sing successfully (well) for his crops.
Vuaga e'i NExpr(?) indiv [pl: Vuaga e'ei]: Vuaga songs (and dances)
ex: Nap sma:c 'i:da'a Vuaga e'i? Do you know this Vuaga song? Nap ha'i shama:c
g Vuaga e'ei? Do you know a few Vuaga songs?
'a:g g e'i VExpr: to sing (tell) a song
ex: M(<'am) g hema 'a:g g 'ee'i! (Why don't you) sing one song of yours! M g
ha'i ha'a:g g 'ee'ei! (Why don't you) sing a few of your songs! -- ..c 'atp 'am he'ekia
'i gi'ik e'i vo 'a:, 'am o dahaiva. ..and after every four songs they will sit down.
'i noag g e'i VExpr: to sing the refrain of a song (to turn back at a certain point)

e'i Stat sing [mult: e'ei]: to have a song

ex: Nap ha'i e'ei? Do you(sg) have a few songs? He'ekia 'ap 'i e'ei? How many
songs do you(sg) have?

e'ibbim Vintr Repet (for Unit see e'ibi[ji]m) pls (for sgs see da'ibbim) [Neutr:
indef e'ibbim]: to go fast past, around (with locative complement expressed or implied)
repeatedly

e'ibij see e'ibi[ji]m = to go fast past, around

e'ibi[ji]m Vintr Unit (for Repet see e'ibbim) pls (for sgs see da'ibi[ji]m) [Neutr:
def e'ibij; hort e'ibim]: to go fast past, around (with locative complement expressed or
implied)
ex: Gi'ikho 'on(<'an) 'i e'ibij ki: ve:gaj. Four times they ran around the house. N g o
hu 'i e'ibim ki: ve:gaj! Run around the house! hugid 'an e'ibij. They overtook me.

e'icud Vtr [Neutr: def e'ic; indef and hort e'icud. Correl: e'icud-k; immed: e'icud-
ka-'i. Dur: e'icuda-d]: to sing and dance for obj
ex: Na'ans ab o e'ic hega'i Ho'ok. I am planning on singing for that Witch. T hea'i
mu'i vo ho(<ha)mai 'idam e'ei, vo skeg e'ic g 'e'e'es. He who will learn many of my
songs will sing successfully for his crops. M g hema e'icud! Why don't you sing me
one (song)! M g ha'i e'icud! (Why don't you) sing me a few (songs)! e'icud 'o.
They are singing and dancing for it. ... mat o e'icudk o mua. ... (it is said) that having
sung for her he will kill her.
 115

e'icud/ e'idcid

e'icud Vreflex [Neutr: 'e-e'ic]: to be sung for

ex: Begi k hab 'evua mat go:k scuhugamaj 'am o 'ee'ic hega'i navait. Well, and what is
usually done is that for two nights the wine will be sung for.

e'icud Vreflex impers [Neutr: def 'e-ne'ic]: there is singing and dancing for an obj
ex: T o 'o(<'e)e'ic. There is going (hearsay) to be singing and dancing (for
something/somebody). ... 'amje 'atp 'am hi a(<va) 'ep 'ee'ic 'ep. ... after that (from
there) the singing and dancing for her (the Witch) was resumed. ia tp 'am hab
ooiga hegam c heba'i ha'icu 'am o sta:had matp o 'ee'ic matp hascu 'am o 'i has 'eju:.
Well, thus they have them (the birds) as pets whenever there is some rejoicing, whenever
there is singing and dancing (for something/somebody), whenever there is an unusual
event.

e'icuda N: act of singing and dancing for an obj

ex: Sta-'a(<'o)-kakaima g e'icuda. The singing is interesting to listen to. ... no pi 'ea
g e'icuda vu a(<va) 'i hapiast g hemajkam. ... because at the time singing and dancing
was the only feast of the people.

eicudas (dial: e'iculidas) Stat tr: there is a song and dance for obj
ex: ... k 'am hab haha e'icudas ku pi ma:c hega'i e'i. ... and then there is a song for it
but I don't know that song.

e'idag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-e'eidag]: to be good at singing

ex: Heg 'o se'idag. He is good at singing. Hegam se'eidag. They are good at
singing.

e'idame Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see ne'io) [Neutr: def e'idam; hort e'idame]: to
go sing and dance at the singing ground
ex: Nt o e'im. I'll go and sing and dance.

e'idc Vintr pls (for sgs see da'idc) [Neutr: def and hort e'idc]: to get to the top very
fast/ to boil up once
ex: ... 'am o 'i e'idc gda:m kavulk. They will reach the top of the hill at full speed. M
g o 'i e'idc kavulk da:m! Get to the top of the hill at full speed!

e'idce Vintr pls (for sgs see da'idce) [Neutr: indef e'idce. Dur: e'idcea-d]: to
get to the top very fast/ to boil up, reiteratedly

e'idcid Vtr pls (for sgs see da'idcid) [Neutr: def e'idcid. Correl: e'idcid-k; immed:
e'idcid-ka-'i]: to climb to the top of obj once
ex: 'am o 'i e'idcidk ... after climbing to the top of it ...
 116

e'idkam/ e'e

e'idkam s- N subst sg [pl: s-e'eidkam]: one good at singing

e'iku N inalien indiv [pl/distr: e'eiku]: singing and dancing ground

e'io Vintr pls (for sgs see e'ime) [Neutr: def e'io]: to go sing and dance at the
singing ground
ex: Tt o e'io. We'll go sing and dance.

e'iopa Vintr pls (for sgs see da'ivu[a]) [Neutr: def and hort e'iopa; imper
e'iopa-yo. Correl: e'iopa-k; immed: e'iopa-ka-'i]: to rush/ dash out once
ex: e'iopa 'at g sisivlok! The whirlwinds are out! e'iopa 'att. We escaped. ..t ves
e'iopa g 'o:'oj. ..all of his bones fell out (of his skull). e'iopayo! Dash out (all of
you)! Cu:v 'am e'iopak gm hu si 'i(<'e)vo:po'ic. Rabbits having dashed out (of the
bushes) ran away at full speed.

e'iopag Vintr pls or mult (for sgs or sing see da'ivuag) [Neutr: indef e'iopag;
concurs e'iopag-c]: to rush/ dash out in a continuous way
ex: e'iopagc 'ab 'i 'ep va:pkc 'am 'ep e'iopag. They keep dashing out and coming in and
dashing out again. u:dag 'am e'iopag. There are several springs down there.

e'e in 'i e'e Vintr Repet (for Unit see 'i e:e) pls (for sgs see 'i dade) [Neutr:
indef e'e. Dur: e'e-d]: to jump repeatedly
ex: 'I e'ec cu:cudvup. They keep jumping up and down (they jump repeatedly and land
on both feet repeatedly). B(<'ab) 'o 'i e'e vaika da:m. They keep jumping this way
over the ditch. Mt ab o 'i e'ed! Just keep on jumping ! M g o e'ed! Why don't
you(pl) keep on jumping!

e'e Vintr Repet (for Unit see e:e'e) pls (for sgs see dade) [Neutr: indef e'e;
concurs e'e-c]: to fly repeatedly; to take the plane repeatedly
ex: Cucul 'o pi e'e. Chickens do not fly. 'Am hu a(<va) e'ec 'ep daivup. They fly
there repeatedly and come back.

e'e Vintr [Neutr: indef e'e]: to give off sparks (said of a fire)
ex: Si e'e g tai. The fire is giving off lots of sparks.

e'e Vintr pls (for sgs see dade) [Neutr: def and indef e'e. Dur: e'e-d]: to buck
ex: Si 'it(<'at) e'e hegam kakavyu. They sure bucked, those horses.

e'e Vintr Repet (for Unit see e'e) [Neutr: indef e'e. Dur: ee-d]: to sing and
dance repeatedly
ex: G 'ac hu e'e ciopc'e ves domig. We sing in church every Sunday. Hehe'ejel
'amt 'am o e'ed g 'ee'ei! Each one will sing one after the other your respective songs!
 117

e'edam/ e'eim

e'edam see N da'adam and dadedam = airplane

e'edkam s- N indiv [pl: s-e''edkam]: a group of singers, a choir

e'edkam vu s- Stat Expr sing: to be the singers of one group, choir

ex: Hegam 'o (<vu) se'edkam. They are the singers.

e'ei see N e'i = song

e'ei see Stat e'i = to have a song

e'eicud Vtr Repet (for Unit see e:ncud) plo (for sgo see dadaicud) [Neutr: indef
e'eicud. Dur: e'eicuda-d]: to throw obj repeatedly; to dump obj
ex: Ba:p hab e'eicud? Where do you dump things?

e'eid s- Vtr: to be watching obj carefully, diffidently

ex: Heg g hu a 'i se'eid hega'i 'o'odham. They were watching that man diffidently.

e'eid Vreflex [Neutr: hort 'e-e'eid. Correl: 'e-e'eid-k; immed: 'e-e'eid-ka-'i]: to

watch out, to be careful
ex: 'E-g-e'eid! Watch out you(sg)! 'E-g-e'eidka'i vat o m'agckva! Watch out, he is
going to horn you! 'E-g-o-'eeeidka'i! Watch out you(pl)!

e'eid s- Vreflex [Neutr: def and hort s-'e-e'eid. Correl: s-'e-e'eid-k; immed: s-'e-
e'eid-ka-'i]: to watch out, to be extra careful
ex: Vo s'ee'eidc pi 'ab hu o a 'i je:j. Be extra careful not to smoke it at all! S'e-g-
eeid! Be extra careful!

e'e[i]dag s- Stat pls (for sgs see s-dadeidag) [Neutr: indef s-e'eidag]: to have a
propensity to buck, to buck repeatedly

e'eidag see of Stat s-e'idag = to be good at singing

e'eidk, e'eidka'i see Vreflex 'e-e'eid = to watch out, to be careful
e'eidk, e'eidka'i see Vreflex s-'e-e'eid = to watch out, to be extra careful
e'e[i]dkam see N subst s-dadeidkam = one having a propensity to buck
e'eidkam see s-e'idkam = one good at singing
e'eiku see N e'iku = singing and dancing ground

e'eim s- V subst intr pls (for sgs see s-dadeim): to wish to buck
 118

e'eimk/ e:ncud

e'eimk s- Stat pls (for sgs see s-dadeimk) [Neutr: indef s-e'eim=k. Dur: s-
e'eim=ka-d]: to like/ want to buck
ex: No se'eimk? Do they like to buck?

e'eimkam see N subst s-dadeimkam = ones liking, wishing to buck; rodeo horses
e'iokam see N subst s-i'okam = one who is talkative
e'iokam see Stat Expr vu s-i'okam = to be one who is talkative
e'iok see N i'ok = language
e'iok see N aggreg i'ok = words
e'iok[] see Stat s-i'ok[] = to be talkative
e''edkam see N s-e'edkam = a group of singers, a choir

e:-

e: see Vintr en- = to wake up

e:big N indiv [pl: e[e]big]: mythological monster

ex: Mo hi u(<vu) a(<va) vatop. (A e:big is) that which is a fish (I think).

e:ncud (assim of *e:cud; redupl of *e'icud) Vtr Unit (for Repet see e'eicud)
plo (for sgo see da'icud) [Neutr: def e:nc; indef and hort e:ncud. Correl: e:ncud-k;
immed: e:ncud-ka-'i. Dur: e:ncuda-d]: to throw obj
ex: M g hu e:ncud hegam tatpial! (Could you) throw away those pieces of paper! M
'ant hu o e:nc. I'll throw them away. ... 'am hae:nc hegam 'eooiga hegvui do'ag. ...
they threw their pets (birds) towards that mountain. M 'a hu e:ncud g tatpial. I am
throwing pieces of paper away.

e:ncud (assim of *e:cud; redupl of *e'icud) Vtr [Neutr: def e:nc; indef e:ncud.
Dur: e:ncuda-d]: to winnow obj
ex: Napt o e:nc g 'epilkaga? Are you going to winnow your wheat? Nap e:ncud g
'epilkaga? Do you winnow your wheat?

e:ncud (assim of *e:cud; redupl of e'icud) Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-da'icud)
[Neutr: def 'e-e:nc]: to be thrown
ex: ... mat 'am hekaj o 'eohi g ginsku k o 'ee:nc. ... with which the gins tubes are hit
and thrown.
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e:ncudacud/ e:e'e

e:ncudacud (assim of *e:cudacud; redupl of *e'icudacud) Vdtr plo (for sgo see
da'icudacud) [Neutr: def e:ncudac; hort e:ncudacud]: to throw obj to somebody

e:na Vtr [Neutr: def e:na; indef e:na. Dur: e:na-d. Interr: e:na-him]: to wait
for obj (same as iahim)
ex: Nt o me:na. I'll wait for you. e:na 'a. I am waiting for him. 'I 'ant ab o 'i
me:nad jegk 'ea. I'll just wait for you outside. 'I ant ab o 'i me:nad 'apt o 'i
'enako. I'll just wait for you here until you are ready. Pi g 'i hu e:nad. Don't wait for
me here! e:nadka'i! Wait for me a while! ia, tsp 'am hab 'i cum e:nahim g
'o'odham. Well, thus the people waited for him in vain. Nt ab gevko cum e:nahimc.
I am tired of waiting for him in vain.

e: see Vintr 'i e:[e-]= to jump

e: see Vintr e:e'e = to fly (pls)

e: N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg e:ni-j); pl: ee; 3rd pers pl: ha-e:, ha-ee ;
distr: e:e'e]: tongue of a person
ex: Mo ab tci 'ab ke:k. (The tongue is) that which is (stands) in our mouth. Mac hekaj
iok. (The tongue is) that with which we speak.

e: in ha'icu e: NExpr indiv: tongue of an animal

haiva-e: NComp indiv: beef tongue

e:e- in Vintr 'i e:e- Unit (for Repet see 'i e'e) pls (for sgs see 'i da'a-)
[Neutr: def 'i e:; hort 'i e:e[-'i]. Correl: 'i e:-k; immed: 'i e:-ka-'i]: to jump
ex: Mt ab o 'i e:! Go ahead and jump! (you(pl) will just jump) B(<'ab) 'at 'i e:
vaika da:m. They jumped this way over the ditch. M g o 'i e:e['i])! Why don't
you(pl) jump! ... t g 'o:'ogaj 'am 'i e:k 'am hab da:m 'am 'o'o hega'i 'oks ... ... his
tears dropped down there and dripped on the old woman.

e:em see N em = liver

e:e'e Vintr Unit (for Repet see e'e) pls (for sgs see da'a) [Neutr: def e:.; indef
e:e'e; hort e:ne['i]; imper e:e'i-o. Correl: e:-k; immed: e:-ka-'i. Dur: e:e'e-d.
Interr: e:e'e-him.]: to fly (birds); to take a plane
ex: M 'at hu e:. They flew away. T o 'i e:. They are going to fly (hearsay).
e:e'io! Fly away! Gam g o hu e:e['i]! Why don't you(pl) fly away! M 'at hu
e:k 'ep dada. They flew there and came back. k 'an o e:k 'an o hihimk, hihimk.
and they will fly and go, go ..e:k 'an hab m'iava 'ana'i. ..they flew and dropped down
there. Hahava 'o 'on(<'an) ha'i e:e'e. A few crows are flying by. e:e'ehim g
hahava. (A flock of) crows are flying by (one after the other).
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e:e'icug/ ia

e:e'icug Vintr pls (for sgs see da'icug) [Neutr: def e:e'icug. Dur: e:e'icuga-d]:
to fly, travel by plane (to move in a flying object)

e:ij N indiv [pl: eeij]: tongue of an animal (its tongue)

ex: Go:k 'ant o ho(<ha)'ui g e:ij/eeij). I'll get two tongues.

e:im N subst: one with a tongue

cev e:im NExpr: a tell-tale (one with a long tongue)
'olas e:im NExpr: one who is tongue-tied (one with a tongue rolled into a ball)

e:k see Vintr 'i e:[e] = to jump (pls)

e:k see Vintr e:e'e = to fly (pls)

e:'e Excl: look! (same as ia'a)

e:'i see Vintr e'e = to sing and dance

i-

ia Conj: well (similar to begi)

ex: ia k hab masma 'am 'i ha'apec. Well, and that is how she solved their problems.
ia c gm hu hab haha haooigat. Well, and after that they make them (the birds) into
their pets.

ia (dial: ea) Vtr [Neutr: def ia; hort ia-'i]: to beg food of obj, to sponge from obj
(same as ia)
ex: Nt ab o 'ol(<'al) haia. I'll just sponge some (food) from them. Pi g 'am haia'i!
Don't beg food of them!

ia (dial: ea) Vintr Unit (for Repet see enna) sgs (for pls see eia) [Neutr: def ia;
hort ia[-'i]]: to look in a certain direction
ex: ... c 'am haha 'i ia hega'i keli k 'an ei ... and then the old man looked down there and
saw it. 'U:pam 'i ia hega'i 'alicu k hab kaij ... The youngest boy looked in the
direction from which he came and said ... B(<'ab) g 'i ia'i! Look this way! M g hu
'i ia'i! Look over there! 'Im g hab ha'ap 'i 'ep ia'i! Look also the other way!
'E'oidc g 'i ia'i! Look behind you! Ku:gam g 'i ia'i! Turn around and look (look in
the back)! M g ta'i ia'i! Look upward! Gahi g 'i ia'i! Look to the side! Ga:ghai
g 'i ia'i! Look out of the corner of your eyes!
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ia/ iacug

ia Vintr Unit (for Repet see enna) sgs (for pls see eia) [Neutr: def ia; hort
ia['i]; imper ia-; concurs: ia-c. Interr: ia-him]: to wake up (same as en)
ex: Vevkc'e 'ant ia. I woke up at seven. k 'am hu heba'i matp 'ab haha hema 'i ia.
and some time later one of them woke up. 'am hu heba'i himdam matp 'am 'i ia. after
a certain amount of time she woke up. Pt ab 'i scuhugamk o ia! Wake up just before
dawn (when it's still dark)! 'I ia'i! Wake up! M 'apt o 'i vai mat o iahid! Call me
when he is in the process of waking up! -'Ab 'i iak hab kaij... Having awakened he said...

ia semi Stat intr sgs (for pls see eia) [Neutr: indef ia. Dur: ia-d. Interr: ia=ka-
him]: to be looking in a certain direction, to have one's eyes cast in a certain direction
ex: 'Im hab huig vui ia. He has his eyes cast in the direction of the west. ia k 'im
hab aha ha'ap 'ep iak dahiva 'im hab vi:im ta:gio. Well, and then she sat down with her
eyes cast in the direction of the north. 'I 'o hob(<hab) iac da. He is sitting with his
eyes cast in this direction. 'Am g ab 'i iad! Keep your eyes cast in that direction!
elim g iad heg'ea m'ab 'o'ohoag! Keep your eyes cast straight ahead on what is
written there (as when having your eyes examined). 'I 'o hob(<hab) cum iakahim. He
had his eyes cast in this direction (and then looked away).

ia semi Stat intr sgs (for pls see eia) [Neutr: indef ia. Dur: ia-d. Interr: ia=ka-
him]: to be awake
ex: No ia? Is he awake? (<'a) ab kia ia. I am still awake. B(<'ab) g ab 'i
iad! Stay awake! B(<'ab) 'o ob(<vab) 'i iakahim. He was awake (but went back to
sleep).

ia s- semi Stat intr [Neutr: indef s-ia. Dur: s-ia-d. Interr: s-ia=ka-him]: to have good
sight, good eyes, to see well
ex: Heg 'o sia. He has good sight. Pt haha 'ep o siad. You will recover your good
vision (you will be good sighted again). Heg 'o cum siakahim. He used to have good
sight.
pi ia semi Stat Expr intr sgs (for pls see pi eia) [Neutr: indef pi ia. Dur: pi ia-d;
concurs pi ia-d-c. Interr: pi ia-him]: to be blind, inobservant
ex: Heg 'o pi ia. He is blind. Pi 'i(<'a) ia. I am blind. Heg 'o pi iahim. He is
becoming blind. Heg 'o pi iadc pi hekid ha'icu cecega 'am cum 'etahaedc. Not
being observant, he does not find anything when he is being asked for something.

iac semi Stat intr [Neutr: iac. Dur: iaci-d]: to have one's eyes in a certain direction
ex: M g ab 'i iacid! Keep your eyes in that direction!

iacug Vintr [Neutr: indef iacug. Dur: iacuga-d. Interr: iacuga-him]: to be looking
in a certain direction while in motion
ex: 'I 'o hob(<hab) iacug. He is looking this way (as he is walking or passing by in a
car). 'I 'o hob(<hab) cum iacugahim. He was looking this way for a while (and then
looked some other way). Gahi iacug. He is looking sideways.
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iacug/ ialimam

iacug Vintr [Neutr: iacug. Dur: iacuga-d]: to be awake while in motion (same as
eicug)
ex: B(<vab) 'i iacugad! Keep your eyes open!

iadam N aggreg: a plant (its flat round seeds are eaten)

iadam s- N subst sg [pl: s-eiadam]: one with good sight, good eyes
pi iadam subst NExpr: [pl: pi eiadam]: one who is blind
ex: Hegam pi eiadam 'at o ha'icu ei. The blind will see (things).

iadam vu s- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-eiadam]: to be one with good sight
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) siadam. He is one with good sight.
pi iadam vu Stat Expr [pls: vu pi eiadam]: to be one who is blind
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) pi iadam. He is one who is blind.

ia (dial: ea) Vtr [Neutr: indef ia. Correl: ia-k; immed: ia-ka-'i. Dur: iaa-
d]: to beg food of obj, to sponge from obj (same as ia)
ex: Cum 'o hekid ia hega'i. That fellow constantly begs food of me. Pi g 'am
haiaad! Don't beg food of people! ... vo 'i haiak o hu: g Ho'ok-cu:kug. ... we will
beg some of the Witch's flesh from someone and eat it. Ha-'a(<'o)-haia. He is
begging food of somebody (speaker can see him). Heg 'o 'i hab a(<va) tia. That
fellow begs food of us (constantly). Himk 'am ha'icu haiad! Go and ask someone for
some food! Pi g 'am haia! Do not beg food of somebody!

iaa N inalien: food that was begged of somebody

iaame see ialime = to go and beg food of obj

iahim Vtr Interr: to wait for obj (same as e:na)

ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) o miahi. I am not going to wait for you(sg). Pi 'itt(<'att) o miahi.
We are not going to wait for you(sg). Pi 'int(<'ant) o ho(<ha)iahi. I am not going to
wait for them. Pt o 'i iahi nt o 'ip s'ap civapa! Wait for me until I have moved
things in properly! 'I iahim! Wait for me! a 'al 'i iahim! Wait for me a
second! 'I 'a cum iahim. So far (here) I have been waiting in vain for him. 'I 'ant
ab o 'i haiahid. I'll just wait for them here.--iahimka'i! Wait for me a short while!

ialimam (dial: ealimam) N subst sg [pl: eialimam]: one who goes and begs
for food, a sponger
ex: B(<'ab) 'o 'ep him g ialimam! Here comes the sponger again!
 123

ialim[e]/ iok

ialim[e]/ iaam[e] (dial: ealim[e]/eaam[e]) Vtr Unit sgs [Neutr: def

ialim/ iaam; hort ialime/iaame]: to go and beg food of obj, sponge from obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)ialim. I'll go and beg food of someone.

ialimkam (dial: ealimkam) s-cu N subst sg [pl: s-cu-eialimkam]: beggar, sponger

iat in pi iat VExpr impers tr sgo [Neutr: def pi iat]: to make obj become blind
ex: Pi 'it(<'at) iat. I became blind (it made me become blind).

iavul N indiv [pl: e[i]avul]: devil (same as jiavul)

ia'a Excl: look! (same as e:'e)

ihol (dial: ehol) N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg ihol=ga-j); pl: ehol]: servant, slave

io see Vintr iok = to talk, speak

iok (dia: eok) Vintr sgs (for pls see eiok) [Neutr: def io; indef iok; concurs
iok-c; imper ioka-/ ioki-; hort iok. Correl: io-k; immed: io-ka-'i. Compl: iok-
ok; immed: iok-oka-'i. Dur: ioka-d. Interr: iok[i]-him]: to talk, to speak
ex: 'Id 'o cum hekid iok. He talks all the time. P hemu 'ida hab kaijc mu'i va 'i iok.
You are now talking too much! M 'at hu si 'emelc ma 'am cum iok vui. He ran
away at full speed when I tried to talk to him. Heba'i ki: hega'i 'o'odham map g'amje
iok? Where does he live, that fellow you are talking about? a 'i s'ap iok
'O'odhamaj. He speaks 'O'odham quite well. Nap a(<va) s'amcud ma has kaij 'am
'O'odhamaj iokc? Do you understand what I say when I speak 'O'odham? Mu'i iokc
ha'icukaj ko'okod. He said many hurtful things to me. P hascu 'a:gc pi iok
'O'odhamaj ve:m? Why don't you speak 'O'odham with me? Nt o 'ip 'a:i vepegk 'am
iokoka'i, pt 'am haha 'ep hi vo io. I'll be the first one to talk then it will be your turn (to
talk). M 'apt o a(<va) a 'i skaidam iokad! Could you speak louder! Skaidam g
iok matt hab o mka:! Speak loudly so that we will hear you! Sba:bag g iok! Speak
in a low voice! Tacu 'u(<'a) mant ha'icukaj o mve:m io. I want to talk to you about
something. ioki 'O'odhamaj ve:m! Talk in 'O'odham with me! B(<'ab) 'o
iokhim. I hear the sound of his voice (he is talking moving this way). B(<'ab) 'at hi:
mo 'ob(<'ab) 'i iokihim? Where did he go, I hear his voice (coming thisway)?
Ju:kam-iok VComp intr: to speak Mexican (see also Ju:kamaj iok)
ex: Nap Ju:kam-iok? Do you speak Mexican? 'A hab haha si Ju:kam-iokc hab
kaij... Then he said speaking in Mexican ...
Milign-iok VComp intr sgs: to speak English (see also Milignaj iok)
Pi:ma-iok VComp intr sgs: to speak Pima
ex: Nap Pi:ma-iok? Do you speak Pima?
'O'odham-iok VComp intr sgs: to speak 'O'odham (see also 'O'odhamaj iok)
ex: Koi s'ap 'O'odham-iok hega'i 'ali. The child does not yet speak good 'O'odham.
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iok/ i'okikam

iok in pi keg iok VExpr intr sgs: to use bad language

ex: Pi g 'am pi keg iokad! Don't be using bad language! 'Am si pi keg io. He used
very bad language.

iok in s-ta:hadam iok VExpr intr sgs: to tell a joke, to make a pun

iok in veheji iok VExpr intr sgs: to speak for somebody

ex: B(<hab) 'a cum 'elid mapt 'am veheji o io heghekaj ma pi 'im(<'am) hu 'i si
s'amicud 'ab siokimakam 'ab. I would like you to speak for me because I am not a
good speaker (I don't know very well about good speaking).

i'okam s- N subst sg [pl: s-e'iokam]: one who is talkative

i'okam vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-e'iokam]: to be one who is talkative

ex: Heg 'o si'okam u 'o'odham. That fellow is a talkative one.

iokdam-ma:gina NComp indiv: radio set

ex: 'Idam 'o'odham 'am dadhakc ka: g iokdam-ma:gina. These fellows are sitting there
listening to the radio.

iokdam in skaidam-iokdam NComp(?) indiv [pl: skaidam-eiokdam]:

loudspeaker

iokim s- V subst intr sgs: to wish to talk, speak

ex: 'Ab o 'i hi: ki: vui hekid o 'O'odhamaj siokim! Come to my house when you wish to
speak 'O'odham! Cum 'o siokim mve:m. He would like to talk to you.

iokimakam s-'e N: art of speaking

ex: No s'e'amcud 'ab s'eiokimakam 'ab? Is he a good speaker (is he good at speaking)?
Pi 'i(<'a) 'am hu 'i si s'amcud 'ab siokimakam 'ab. I am not a good speaker.

iokimcud s- Vimpers tr sgo [Neutr: def s-iokimc]: to make obj feel like speaking

iokimk s- Stat intr sgs: to want to talk, speak

iokimk in pa s-iokimk Stat Expr: to have a venomous tongue (to like to say
nasty things about people)
ex: Heg 'o a 'i pa siokimk. She has a pretty venomous tongue.

iokimkam s- N subst sg: one who likes to talk a lot

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i'ok/ iokku

i'ok (dial: e'ok) N: speech

ex: ... heghekaj mat koi mai g i'ok. ... because he does not know how to talk yet.

i'ok (dial: e'ok) N inalien aggreg [distr: e'iok]: words, language

'O'odham-i'ok NComp: 'O'odham words (see also NExpr 'O'odham ha-i'ok)
ex: Ha'i ha'o''ohon g 'O'odham-i'ok ves takaj. He writes down some 'O'odham
words every day.
'O'odham ha-i'ok NExpr: the 'O'odham language
'O'odham ha-e'iok NExpr: 'O'odham dialects

i'ok vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's words, language

ex: matp heg u si i'okij matp hab o cei: those are the very words she will utter:

i'ok Stat: to have a language, (a) word(s)

ex: Pi 'ic(<'ac) ha i'ok 'am table veheji. We do not have a word for table. Nac ge ha
i'ok 'am g'ea hega'i Fairy God Mothers. We do not have any word for the Expression
Fairy God Mothers.

i'ok[] s- Stat sgs [pls: s-e'iok[]: to be talkative

ex: Heg 'o si'ok. He is talkative. Hegam 'o se'iok. They are talkative.

i'ok[]cud (dial: i'ok[]culid) Vtr [Neutr: def i'ok; hort i'okcud]: to read
ex: Nt o i'okc 'i:da'a 'o'ohon. I'll read this book.

i'ok[]cud (dial: i'ok[]culid) Vtr [Neutr: def i'okc]: to talk to obj (which does not
talk back (such as a baby or a cake in putting it to bake in the oven)

i'ok-gagadam NComp inalien: interpreter (one who continually sells a language)

i'ok-gagadam vu Stat Expr: to be an interpreter

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) i'ok-gagadam. He is an interpreter.

i'okt Vintr sgs [Neutr: def i'okt. Interr: i'okta-him]: to become able to talk
ex: i'okt 'at. He talks (of a baby who is now able to talk). Vat o i'okt hemu. He
will soon be able to talk. i'oktahim 'o g 'ali. The child is at the age when he is
beginning to be able to talk. ... mat g 'ali haha vo 'al 'i i'oktahidc ab has 'am 'o 'al
kaij. ... when a child is (in the process of) learning to talk he just talks baby-talk.

iokku in ve:m-iokku NComp indiv [pl: ve:m-eiokku]: telephone

(instrument to talk with someone)
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i'ovin/ uuvi-

i'ovin Vtr [Neutr: def i'ovi; indef and hort i'ovin. Dur: i'ovina-d. Interr: i'ovina-
him]: to pick a quarrel with obj
ex: T o i'ovi g m'alidag. He is going to pick a quarrel with your child. Cum 'o hekid
hai'ovin. He is constantly picking a quarrel with people. Pi g 'am hai'ovinad! Don't
be picking a quarrel with people! Pi g 'am i'ovinad! Don't be picking a quarrel with
me! 'I 'o i'ovinahim. He has been picking a quarrel with me.

i'ovin Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-i'ovi; indef 'e-i'ovin. Dur: 'e-i'ovina-d. Interr: 'e-
i'ovina-him]: to get into a quarrel with each other
ex: ... 'am hab 'ei'ovi heghekaj. ... they got into a quarrel over it. 'E-'o-i'ovin. They
quarrel (constantly) with each other. mu'i 'ei'ovinahimc 'apec mat hab o ce:gigk
"ta". After a lot of quarreling, they agreed that it would be called "sun".

i'ovinamk s-cu Stat sgs: to be quarrelsome

ex: Heg 'o scui'ovinamk/ha'icu si'ovinamk. He is quarrelsome.

i'ovimkam s-cu N subst: one who is quarrelsome

i:

i:glo (Engl: negro) N indiv [pl: iiglo]: Negro

u-

ukuda see N u:kuda = something in care of somebody

uuvi/ uuvg s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-uuvig): to be full of
buzzards in several locations

uuvig/ uuvg s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-uuvig): to be full of
buzzards in one location

uuvi-je:j NComp aggreg: a bush (buzzards' mothers; its leaves are used to cure
rhumatism)
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uuv/ u:kud

uuv see N uv = turkey buzzard

uv (dial: ui) N indiv [pl: uuv (dial: uui)]: turkey buzzard

ex: Heg 'an 'ep 'oimme mat ha'icu mu:kig o hu:. It too goes around and eats dead
things...
s'u'am-uv NComp indiv: yellow buzzard

u'ickva Vtr Unit (for Repet see u'ickvup) [Neutr: def and hort u'ickva. Compl:
u'ickv-yok; immed: u'ickv-yoka-'i. Interr: u'ickvu-him.]: to give obj a push
ex: Tt o 'i u'ickva g mma:gina. We'll give your car a push. 'E'oidk g 'i u'ickva! Push
him behind you (drag it)! u'ickvuhim 'o. They are pushing it (a car). 'I
u'ickvyoka'i! Give it a push first!

u'ickviku N: thimble (instrument with which to push)

u'ickvup Vtr Repet (for Unit see u'ickva) (Neutr: indef u'ickvup. Dur:
u'ickvupa-d]: to give obj a push repeatedly
ex: ... 'in ab bebbhec gmhu u'ickvup. ... they keep grabbing him and pushing him out of
the way. Pt o 'i u'ickvupad! Keep on pushing at it!

u'ihi see Vtr u'ihin = to give obj a push/ a shove along a surface

u'ihin Vtr [Neutr: def u'ihi; indef and hort u'ihin. Dur: u'ihina-d. Interr: u'ihina-
him]: to give obj a push/ a shove along a surface
ex: N(<'an) g 'i u'ihin! Give it a shove (a stool)! Tt o 'i u'ihi. We'll give it a shove.
u'ihinahim 'o. He is pushing it along. Pt o u'ihinad! Keep on pushing it along!

u'ihindam-kalit NComp indiv [pl: u'ihindam-kaklit]: wheelbarrow (cart that one

pushes along continually; also called hemako-kahiokam-kalit)

u:-

u:kud Vtr [Neutr: def, hort and indef u:kud. Dur: u:kuda-d]: to take care of obj
ex: Himk u:kud g 'ali! Go and take care of the child! M g hau:kud g haivaga!
(Could you sg) look after my cows! Hegam kakavul hau:kuddam hau:kud g
'ekakavulga heg'ea ves scuhugam. The shepherds looked after their sheep all night long.
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u:kud/ pa

u:kud Vreflex: to take care of oneself

ex: 'E-g-u:kud! Take care of yourself!
hejel 'e-u:kud VExpr reflex: to manage by oneself
ex: Hihimko 'ab hejel 'eu:kud 'aba'i! Go there and manage by yourselves.

u:kuda N inalien aggreg [1st pers sg -u:kuda; distr: ukuda]: something in the care
of somebody

u:kudacud Vdtr [Neutr: def u:kudac; hort u:kudacud]: to take care of, look after,
keep obj for somebody
ex: M g u:kudacud 'ehevhogidaku 'e g silvisaga? (Could you) keep my beer in your
refrigerator?

u:kudacud Vdtr [Neutr: def u:kudac; indef u:kudacud]: to ask somebody to take
care of obj
ex: Pi o a 'i nnako mat heghekaj 'i a u:kudac 'i:da'a ki:. I cannot (leave) because he
asked me to take care of this house. Pi o a 'i nnako heghekaj mamt 'i a u:kudac
'i:da'a ki:. I cannot (leave) because I was asked to take care of this house. Kup heba'i
hau:kudacud g 'ema map hekid cikpanamme? Where do you have your child taken
care of (by somebody) when you go to work? 'Am u:kudacud g ki:. I am continually
asked to look after the house.

u:kuddam subst N: one who continually takes care of

gogogs ha-u:kuddam NExpr aggreg: dog watcher(s) (at feasts)
kakavul ha-u:kuddam NExpr aggreg: shepherd(s)
ex: Hegam kakavul hau:kuddam hau:kud g 'ekakavulga heg'ea ves scuhugam.
Those shepherds watch over their sheep all night long.
sisiakam ha-u:kuddam NExpr aggreg: enemy slayer's guardian
'ali-u:kuddam NComp(?): babysitter, nurse (for one child)
'a'al ha-u:kuddam NExpr: babysitter, nurse (for several children)

u:la (Span: durasno) N: peach (also called julaa)

pa-

pa Mod sg [pl: pa:pa]: ugly, bad, in bad condition

ex: pa:pa kekel: ugly old men Heg 'o pa u 'uvi. She is an ugly girl. Pa hab ju:.
He did it badly. Pa:pa hab ju:. They did it badly.
Pa-Keli: a nickname (ugly old man)
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pa/ pacud

pa in ha'icu pa NExpr inalien indiv [pl: ha'icu pa:pa]: girl, daughter (old
expression)
ha'icu pa vu Stat Expr: to be a girl (old expression)

paaj Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef paaj; def paaj=k; Dur: paaj=ka-d. Interr: paaj=ka-
him); pls: pa:paaj]: to be ugly, bad
ex: a 'i paaj. He is ugly/ it's no good). a 'a a(<va) 'i paaj. I am ugly. a 'i
pa:paaj. They are ugly/they are no good. a 'ac a(<va) pa:paaj. We are ugly. Ha'i
'at o pa:paajk[ad] g papala. Some of the shovels will be in a bad state. Paajkahim 'o
c hemu skegaj. It used to be bad but now it is fine.

pac see Vtr pacud = to spoil, ruin, get obj out of order
pac see Vreflex 'e-pacud = to get spoiled, ruined, out of order

pacu Adj sg [pl: papacu]: ugliest, worst

ex: Pacu ma:gina 'o (<vu) 'ega. The ugliest car is mine.

pacu N [sg (loc: pacu-k-'e); pl: papacu]: ugliest one; worst thing
ex: Pacu 'o (<vu) 'ega. The worst one is mine. T ab(<vab) hab ju: g pacu. He
did the worst thing. Pacuk'e 'apt o vua! Put it in with the worst one.

pacu vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu papacu]: to be the ugliest one, the worst thing
ex: Heg 'i (<vu) si pacu. He is the ugliest one/ the worst one. Heg 'o (<vu) si
pacukahim. He used to be the ugliest one.

pacud Vtr Unit (for Distr see papacud) [Neutr: def pac; indef and hort pacud.
Correl: pacud-k; immed: pacud-ka-'i. Dur: pacuda-d. Interr: pacuda-him]: to spoil,
wreck obj, to tear down (a house)
ex: Pt o pac. You are going to wreck it. Si pac 'at k gm hu me:. He wrecked it
completely and ran away. Pi g 'am pacud! Don't spoil it! Cum hekid 'i pacud g
'e'es. He always spoils my plants. T o pac hega'i ki:. They are going (hearsay) to
tear down that house. T o ho(<ha)pac hegam ki:k. They are going (hearsay) to tear
down those houses. Heg 'at pacudk gm hu me:. Having wrecked it, he ran away.
Heg 'at pacudahimk gm hu me:. Having been wrecking it, he ran away. Tt o 'i
pacudahi! Let us start tearing it down (with interruptions)! Pi g 'am pacudad! Don't
be spoiling it! Nap pacudahim? Have you been spoiling it?
vab gam pacud VExpr: to tear obj completely apart
ex: Tp 'ea vab gam pac g ki:taj g Ban. Meanwhile they had completely torn apart
the (his) construction of Coyote.
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pacud/ pamakam

pacud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-pac. Interr: 'e-pacuda-him]: to get spoiled, ruined
ex: Ve:m-ioku 'atk 'epac. The telephone is out of order. 'E-'etk(<'atk)-pac g
ma:gina 'ab kuavak 'ab kuit'ab. The car got wrecked by bumping (having bumped) against
the tree. 'Epacudahim 'o. It is about to get spoiled.
vab gam 'epacud VExpr reflex: to get completely torn apart
ex: B(<vab) gam 'epac hega'i ki:. That house is completely torn apart.

pakog s- Adj sg [pl: s-papakog]: rough going, difficult

ex: Spakog vo:g 'at gevkogc. The rough road tired me.

pakog s- N subst: rough going

ex: gevkogc 'at g spakog. The rough going tired me.

pakog s- Stat sgs [pls: s-papakog]: to be rough going, difficult (same as pi 'apkog)
ex: Spakog 'o g vo:g. The road is rough. Pi 'o pakog. It is not rough going.
Spakog 'ab do'agt'ab. It is a rough climb up the mountain.

pama s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-pama; def s-pama=k; concurs s-pama=k-c; Dur:
s-pama=ka-d. Interr: s-pama=ka-him); pls: s-papama]: to be lazy
ex: 'I:da'a 'o'odham 'o spama. This fellow is lazy. Spamakahimc hemu svagima. He
used to be lazy but now he is industrious. Spamakc hemu svagima. He was lazy but
now he is industrious. Spapama 'o. They are lazy.

pamac see Vtr impers s-pamacud = to make obj get lazy

pamac see semi Stat reflex s-'e-pamacud = to get lazy

pamacud s- Vtr impers Unit (for Distr see s-papamacud) [Neutr: def s-pamac]:
to make obj get lazy
ex: Sto 'at spamac. The heat made me lazy. Sto 'at stpamac. The heat made us
lazy. Sto 'a c shapamac. They say that the heat made them lazy.

pamacud s- semi Stat reflex Unit (for Distr see s-'e-papamacud) [Neutr: def s-
'e-pamac; indef s-'e-pamacud. Interr: s-'e-pama-him/ s-'e-pama=ka-him]: to get lazy
ex: Spamac ['ant]. I got lazy. Heg 'at s'epamac. He got lazy. Spamacud 'a. I
usually get lazy. Stpamacud 'ac. We usually get lazy.

pamakam s- N subst sg [pl: s-papamakam]: lazy one

ex: hega'i spamakam= that lazy one hegam spapamakam= those lazy ones

pamakam vu s- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-papamakam]: to be a lazy one

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) spamakam. He is a lazy one.
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pamakamcu/ pan:l-

pamakamcu s- N sg [pl: s-papamakamcu]: laziest one

pamakamcu vu s- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-papamakamcu]: to be the laziest one

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) cum si spamakamcukc hemu haha va pi 'i(<'e)pamacud. He used to
be the laziest one but now he is not lazy.

pamam s- Adv sg [pl: s-papamam]: lazily

ex: Spamam him. He walks lazily. Spamam hihim. They walk lazily.

pat Vintr sgs (for pls see papat) [Neutr: def pat. Correl : pat-k; immed: pat-ka-'i.
Interr: pata-him]: to get ugly, bad, to spoil
ex: Tk o pat g vi:b. The milk is going to spoil. Pat 'atk g vi:b. The milk is spoiled.
Patahim 'o g vi:b. The milk is getting bad. Patahim 'o g vo:g. The road is getting
bad. T o patahidc o jeva. It is going to be getting bad and rot. T o pak o jeva. After
it has gotten bad it will rot.

patalig N inalien [3rd pers sg pataliga-j]: something spoiled, wrecked, worthless

patalig vu Stat Expr: to be something spoiled, wrecked, worthless

ex: D(<vu) 'o ob(<vab) pataligaj. It is just its worthless remains.

palna (Span: padrino; dial: pallna) N inalien indiv [pl: papllina]: godfather (the
reciprocal term is 'al-ge'el)

palna vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's godfather

ex: No (<vu) mpalna? Is he your godfather? D(<vu) 'ant o mpalnak. I will be your
godfather. D(<vu) 'ant o palnajk. I will be his godfather.

palna Stat: to have a godfather

ex: Nap ge palna? Do you(sg) have a godfather?

palna Vtr [Neutr: def palna. Dur: palna-d. Interr: palna-him]: to godfather somebody
ex: Nt o mpalna. I'll godfather you. Nt o palna hega'i. I'll godfather him.

pal:ma (Span: paloma) N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -pal:ma=ga); pl: paplloma]:
pigeon (same as papalho)

pan:l (Span: panal) N alien aggreg: honey bee(s) (also called mumuval mo sisto'olt)

pan:l-sitol NComp alien mass [1st pers sg -pan:l-sitol=ga]: honey

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pan:lag/ papamacud

pan:lag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-papannalag): to be full of honey bees
in a single location

panal:ya (Span: panadera) N alien aggreg: bread merchant (same as pa:n-gagadam)

pa:do (Span: pauelo) N inalien indiv [pl: papido]: handkerchief

pa:do Stat sing [mult: papido]: to have a handkerchief

ex: Nap ge pa:do? Do you(sg) have a handkerchief?

pa:docud Vtr Unit sing (for mult see papidocud) [Neutr: def pa:doc]: to
make a handkerchief for somebody

pa:dokam N sing [mult: papidokam]: one with a handkerchief

pa:dot V sing (for mult see papidot) [Neutr: def, indef and hort pa:dot]: to
make a handkerchief
ex: Nt o hema pa:dot. I'll make a handkerchief.

papado see N pa:do = duck

papado see Stat Expr vu pa:do = to be a duck

papadog s- Stat Unit (for Distr see s-pappadog): to be full of ducks (in one location)
ex: 'Am 'o spapadog. It is full of ducks down there.

papadoga see Stat pa:doga = to have a duck

papadoga see Stat Expr vu pa:doga = to be somebody's duck
papadogakam see N pa:dogakam = one having a duck
papacu see Adj pacu = ugliest, worst
papacu see N pacu = ugliest one, worst one, worst thing
papacu see Stat Expr vu pacu = to be the ugliest one, the worst thing

papacud Vtr distr (for Unit see pacud) [Neutr: def papac; indef papacud]: to
spoil, wreck obj, to tear down (a house)

papakog see Adj s-pakog = rough going

papakog see Stat s-pakog = to be rough going
papama see Stat s-pama = to be lazy

papamacud s- Vtr impers Distr (for Unit see s-pamacud): to make obj get lazy
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papamacud/ papalhoga

papamacud s- semi Stat reflex Distr (for Unit see s-'e-pamacud) [Neutr: def s-'e-
papamac; indef s-'e-papamacud]: to get lazy

papamakam see N s-pamakam = lazy one

papamakam see Stat Expr vu s-pamakam = to be a lazy one
papamakamcu see N s-pamakamcu = laziest one
papamakamcu see Stat Expr vu s-pamakamcu = to be the laziest one
papamam see Adv s-pamam = lazily

papat Vintr pls (for sgs see pat) [Neutr: def papat. Correl: papat-k; immed:
papat-ka-'i. Interr: papata-him]: to get ugly, bad, to spoil
ex: Tk o papat. They are going to spoil.

papal see N pa:l = priest

papal see Stat Expr vu pa:l = to be a priest
papala see N pa:la= shovel
papala see Stat Expr vu pa:la= to be a shovel
papalag see Stat impers pa:lag= there is a shovel
papalaga see Stat pa:laga= to have a shovel
papalaga see Stat Expr vu pa:laga= to be (somebody's) shovel
papalagakam see N pa:lagakam= one having a shovel

papalcud Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-pa:lcud): to become priests

papalga see Stat Expr vu pa:lga= to be somebody's priest

papalho N alien aggreg [3rd pers sg papalho=ga-j]: pigeon (same as pal:ma)

ex: Sister papalhoga= Sister's pigeon(s) Sisters hapapalhoga= the Sisters' pigeon(s)
Hab a(<va) cum a ma:s mo g 'o'okokoi kc ababa hi ge'egeaj. They look somewhat like
white doves but they are bigger (I think).

papalhog Stat impers Unit: there are pigeons (in a single location)
ex: No 'ob(<'ab) ge papalhog? Are there any pigeons up there?

papalhog s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of pigeons in a single location

ex: No 'ob(<'ab) spapalhog? Are there lots of pigeons up there?

papalhoga Stat: to have pigeons

ex: Nap ge papalhoga? Do you(sg) have pigeons?
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papalhoga/ papyyasa

papalhoga vu Stat Expr: to be (somebody's) pigeon(s)

ex: D(<vu) 'o papalhoga. They are my pigeons.

papalhogakam/papalhokam N: one who has pigeons, pigeon owner

papalhogakam s- N subst: one who has lots of pigeons

papalig see Stat pa:lig= there is a priest

papalig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of priests in a single location

papal:di N indiv: kite

papan see N pa:n= piece, slice of bread, bun

papannalag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-pan:lag): to be full of honeybees
in several locations

papant V Distr (for Unit see pa:nt): to make/ bake bread

ex: 'Am haha vo behi'ad g cu'i k o papant. Then each one will bring flour and make bread.

papantaag see s-pa:ntaag= to be good at making bread

papantaku see N pa:ntaku= bread pan; bread oven
papantaku see Stat pa:ntaku= to have a bread pan, a bread oven
papllina see N pal:na= godfather
paplloma see N pal:ma= pigeon
papido see N pa:do= handkerchief
papido see Stat pa:do= to have a handkerchief

papidocud Vtr mult (for sing see pa:docud): to make handkerchiefs for
somebody

papidot V mult (for sing see pa:dot): to make handkerchiefs

ex:'Nt o ha'i papidot. I'll make some handkerchiefs.

pappadog s- Stat Distr (for Unit see s-papadog): to be full of ducks in several
locations

pappala see N pa:la= shovel

papyyasa see N pay:sa= clown
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papyyasa/ pay:sa

papyyasa see Stat Expr vu pay:sa= to be a clown

papyyasacud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-papyyasac]: to act like a clown, to clown

pasam (Span: pasear) Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-pasa; hort 'e-pasam. Dur: 'e-pasama-d.
Interr: 'e-pasama-him]: to take a leisurely walk, a ride
ex: Nt o pasa. I'll take a walk. Tt o tpasa. We'll take a walk. 'E-g-pasam! Take a
walk! 'E-g-o-'o(<'e)pasam! You(pl) take a- walk! T o mceadk g hemajkam s'ap 'an
o 'o(<'e)pasa m'aba'i. The people, having climbed on you, will take a leisurely ride on
you. Nt o ce g ma:gina k o pasamad. I'll climb in the car and take a ride. Nt o ce g
kavyu k o pasamad. I'll climb on the horse and take a ride. pasamahim 'a. I have
been taking a walk/ ride. T o mceadk g hemajkam s'ap 'an o 'epasa m'aba'i. The people
having climbed on you will take a pleasant ride on your back. Nt o ce g kavyu k o
pasamad. I'll climb on a horse and take a ride.

pasamacud Vtr [Neutr: def pasamac; hort pasamacud. Correl: pasamacud-k; immed:
pasamacud-ka-'i]: to take obj for a walk, a ride, to make obj take a walk, a ride
ex: Nt o mpasamac. I'll take you(sg) for a walk/ a ride. Nt o 'om (<'em)pasamac. I'll
take you(pl) for a walk/a ride. Nt o mpasamacudk o mve:m io. Having taken you(sg)
for a walk I will talk with you.

pasamaku-ma:gina NComp inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg pasamaku-ma:gina-j);

pl: pasamaku-mamagina]: passenger car, any closed car

pasamame Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-pasamamme) sgs (for pls see 'e-
pasamo) [Neutr: def 'e-pasamam; hort 'e-pasamame]: to go and take a walk, a ride/ to
go to town
ex: Napt o 'o(<'e)pasamam? Are you(sg) going to go to town? Kunt o ceadk 'ab 'ab o
hasko pasamam. I'll climb on it (the horse) and go for a ride somewhere.

pasamamme Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-pasamame) sgs and pls: to go and
take a walk, a ride/ to go to town repeatedly
ex: pasamamme 'a avai 'e. I usually go to town on Saturday. Tpasamamme
'ac avai 'e. We usually go to town on Saturday. Ves domig 'a cecaj g kavyu c
pasamamme. Every Sunday I go horseback riding.

pasamo/ pasayo Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-pasamamme) pls (for sgs see 'e-
pasamame) [Neutr: def 'e-pasamo/'e-pasayo]: to go and take a walk, a ride, to go to town
ex: Namt o 'o(<'e)pasamo/'epasayo? Are you(pl) going to go to town?

pay:sa (Span: payaso) N alien indiv [pl: papyyasa]: clown

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pay:sa/ pa:laga

pay:sa vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu papyyasa]: to be a clown

pa:-

pa:do (Span: pato) N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg pa:do=ga-j); pl: papado]: duck
ex: Sister pa:doga= Sister's duck Sister papadoga= Sister's ducks Sisters
hapa:doga= the Sisters' duck Sisters hapapadoga= the Sisters' ducks

pa:do vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu papado]: to be a duck

pa:doga vu Stat Expr sing [mult: vu papadoga]: to be somebody's duck

pa:doga Stat sing [mult: papadoga]: to have a duck

ex: Nap ge pa:doga? Do you have a duck? Nap ge papadoga? Do you have ducks?

pa:dogakam/ pa:dokam N subst sing [mult: papadogakam/ papadokam)]: one who

has a duck

pa:l (Span: padre) N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg pa:l=ga-j); pl: papal]: priest
mim ha-pa:lga NExpr: minister of the Protestants
mi:-pa:l NComp alien indiv: minister (Protestant priest)
sasanto ha-pa:lga NExpr: priest of the Catholics
sa:nto-pa:l NComp alien indiv: priest (Catholic priest)

pa:l vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu papal]: to be a priest

ex: Skeg 'aptk u o pa:lk. You will be a good priest.

pa:la (Span: pala) N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg pa:la=ga-j); pl: papala; distr: pappala]:
shovel
ex: Mo hekaj 'e'i'itta g jevu. (A shovel is) that with which soil is scooped up.

pa:la vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu papala]: to be a shovel

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) skeg pa:la. This is a good shovel.

pa:lag Stat impers sing [mult: papalag]: there is a shovel somewhere

ex: No 'om(<'am) a(<va) pa:lag? Is there a shovel down there?

pa:laga Stat sing [mult: papalaga]: to have a shovel

ex: Nap ge pa:laga? Do you(sg) have a shovel?
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pa:laga/ pa:n

pa:laga vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu papalaga]: to be somebody's shovel

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) pa:laga. This is my shovel. No (<vu) mpa:laga? Is it your(sg)
shovel?

pa:lagakam/ pa:lakam N subst sing [mult: papalagakam/papalakam]: one who has a

shovel
ex: Ba:t hi: g pa:lagakam/pa:lakam? Where did the one with a shovel go?

pa:lc see Vreflex 'e-pa:lcud= to become a priest

pa:lcud Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-papalcud) [Neutr: def 'e-pa:lc; hort and indef 'e-
pa:lcud. Interr: 'e-pa:lcudahim. Dur: 'e-pa:lcuda-d]: to become a priest
ex: T o 'e(<'e)pa:lc. He is going (hearsay) to become a priest. S'ap 'at 'epa:lc. He did
well as a priest. Cum 'epa:lcud. He is acting like a priest (but he is not a priest).
'Epa:lcudahim 'o. He is studying to become a priest (he is about to become a priest).
S'ap 'o 'epa:lcudahim. He is doing well as a priest. Vo 'i 'epa:lcudahi. He will act as the
priest (temporarily). Skeg 'aptk o 'epa:lcudad. You will make a good priest.

pa:lga Stat sing [mult: papalga]: to have a priest

ex: Nam ge pa:lga Covered-Wellst'ab? Do you(pl) have a priest in Covered Wells?
mi:-pa:lga Stat sing: to have a Protestant minister
sa:nto-pa:lga Stat sing: to have a Catholic priest

pa:lga vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu papalga]: to be (somebody's) priest

ex: No (<vu) 'empa:lga? Is he your(pl) priest?
mim ha-pa:lga vu Stat Expr: to be the minister of the Protestants
mi:-pa:lga vu Stat Expr: to be (somebody's) minister
sasanto ha-pa:lga vu Stat Expr: to be the priest of the Catholics
sa:nto-pa:lga vu Stat Expr: to be (somebody's) Catholic priest

pa:lig Stat impers sing [mult: papalig]: there is a priest

ex: No 'ob(<'ab) ge pa:lig Covered-Wellst'ab? Is there a priest in Covered Wells?

pa:n (Span: pan) N mass: bread

ex: Pa:n 'ant o ho(<ha) hu:. I'll eat some bread.

pa:n (Span: pan) N aggreg alien [(3rd pers sg pa:n=ga-j); distr: papan]: piece, slice, loaf
of bread, bun
ex: N(<'an) 'o ka:c g pa:n. There is a piece of bread lying there. N(<'an) ve:c g pa:n.
There are pieces (slices) of bread lying there. M(<'am) g ha'i to'a g pa:n pa:ntakuc'e
k 'an o va:k pa:ntakuc'e/ 'olhainc'e. Put some buns/ (pieces of bread) on the bread pan
and put it (the pan) in the bread oven!
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pa:n/ pa:ntakam

pa:nag s- Stat Unit: to be full of bread in a single location

ex: Spa:nag 'o 'ab ciandat'ab. There is a lot of bread at the store. Si'alim 'at o spa:nagk.
Tomorrow there will be a lot of bread.

pa:ncud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-pa:nc]: to turn into bread

pa:nga Stat: to have bread

ex: Nap ge pa:nga? Do you have bread?

pa:nga vu Stat Expr: to be (somebody's) bread

ex: D(<vu) pa:nga. It is my bread.

pa:n-gagadam NComp alien: [1st pers pl t-pa:ngagadam=ga]: bread man (one

selling bread; same as panal:ya)

pa:ngakam/ pa:nkam N subst: one having bread

ex: Ba:t hi: g pa:ngakam/pa:nkam? Where did the one with the bread go?

pa:nt V Unit (for Distr see papant) [Neutr: def, indef and hort pa:nt; concurs pant-c.
Correl: pa:nt-k; immed: pa:nt-ka-'i. Dur: pa:nta-d. Interr: pa:nta-him]: to bake bread
ex: Nt o pa:nt. I'll make bread. Pa:nt 'a hemho domig 'ab. I make bread once a week.
Pa:ntc e'e. She is making bread and singing (at the same time). Nt o pa:ntk
aha(<haha) vo hi:. I'll go after I have made bread. Nt o pa:ntahimk aha(<haha) vo hi:.
I'll go after I have been making bread. Si'alim 'ant o pa:ntad. Tomorrow I'll be making
bread. Pa:ntahim 'a. I have been baking.

pa:nta N: act of making bread

ex: 'Id 'o sma:c g pa:nta. He knows how to make bread.

pa:nta N inalien aggreg: bread in the process of being baked

ex: pa:nta 'o skeg babbhe. My bread bakes well (always). Ha'i g pa:nta pi 'ap 'i
vuha. Some of my buns did not rise well.

pa:ntaag s- Stat sg (pls: s-papa:ntaag): to be good at baking bread

ex: 'Id 'o spa:ntaag. He is good at baking bread.

pa:ntakam s- N subst: one who is good at baking bread

pa:ntakam vu s- Stat Expr: to be one who is good at baking bread

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) spa:ntakam. He is one who is good at baking bread.
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pa:ntaku/ pehegia

pa:ntaku N inalien mass: baking powder, yeast

ex: Nap 'am ha vu:pa g pa:ntaku? Do you use (put some) baking powder?

pa:ntaku N inalien indiv [pl: papantaku]: bread pan on which dough is put to be
baked in the bread oven; bread oven (same as 'olhain)
ex: M(<'am) g ha'i to'a g pa:n pa:ntakuc'e k 'an o va:k pa:ntakuc'e! Put some buns in
the bread pan and put it (the pan) in the oven! M(<'am) g ha'i va:pkid g pa:n
pa:ntakuc'e! Put some buns in the oven!

pa:ntaku Stat: to have baking powder

pa:ntaku Stat sing [mult: papantaku]: to have a bread pan, a bread oven
ex: Nap ge pa:ntaku? Do you have a bread pan/oven?

pa:ntam s- V subst intr: to feel like making bread

pa:ntdam N: baker

pa:ntdam 'o'odham NExpr(?) baker (man)

pa:ntdam 'uv NExpr(?): baker (woman)

pa:ntdam vu Stat Expr: to be a baker

ex: D(<vu) 'ant o pa:ntdamk. I will be a baker.

pa:n-to'avdam N Comp alien: bread deliverer

pa:n-to'avdamga vu Stat Expr: to be (somebody's) bread deliverer

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) tpa:n-to'avdamga. He is our bread deliverer.

pa:pa see Mod pa= ugly, bad

pa:paaj see Stat paaj= to be ugly, bad

pe-

pehegia Adv: successfully

ex: Pehegia cum have:m e'e. He tried successfully to sing with them (he does not know
the songs) ... ma 'a:i pehegia 'am hab cum vua. I tried successfully to do it.
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pehegia/ pe

pehegia in vu pehegia hema/ha'icu Stat Expr: to play the part of

somebody/something
ex: Pehegia 'a:i 'an hamacamdam. I am playing the part of a schoolteacher. Pehegia
'at 'a:cim u o:ndal. We are playing the part of soldiers. Pehegia 'a:cim 'u o Sellsk,
'a:pim u o Covered-Wellsk. We'll be playing the part of Sells, you'Il be playing the part
of Covered Wells.

pehegig s- Stat [Neutr: indef s-pehegig; def s-pehegig=k. Dur: s-pehegig=ka-d. Interr:
s-pehegig=ka-him]: to be easy (same as s-peheg)
ex: Spehegig 'o veheji. It is easy for me.

pehegim s- Adv: easily (same as s-peheg)

ex:Nt ab spehegim hab ju:. I did it real easily.

peheg s- Adv: easily (same as s-pehegim)

ex: Nt 'a:i'i vab speheg vo bei. I will get her easily. Nt ab speheg hab ju:. I did it
easily.

peheg s- Stat [Neutr: indef s-peheg; def s-peheg=k . Dur: s-peheg=ka-d. Interr: s-
peheg=ka-him]: to be easy (same as s-pehegig)
ex: Speheg 'o. It is easy. Speheg 'o veheji. It is easy for me. 'I:da'a 'o'ohon 'o
speheg mo hega'i. This book is easier than that one. 'I:da'a 'o'ohon 'at o spehegk mo
hega'i. This book will be easier than that one. Spehegkahim 'o. It was easy. Pi 'o
peheg, shasig 'o. It is not easy, it's difficult.

pen Exclam: indicates that the speaker has forgotten something

ex: pen u ab ka:kaj ... I forgot, she is (hearsay) his paternal grandmother (and not his
maternal grandmother) ... 'A pen 'at pi 'im(<'am) hu 'u:pam hi:. Oh, I forgot, she did
not (hearsay) go back home. Pi 'in cegto mas has hu 'i pen 'i kaidam hab 'a'aga g
kekelba. I don't remember how the ancestors called it. ... heu'u, ' pen 'ea hek hu
ha'a:gid ... ... oh yes, I forgot, he has (hearsay) already told them ... ... gi'ik 'at pen
ha'o'olat. ... my mistake, it was (hearsay) four balls that she rolled.

pepekim in si s-pepekim Adv: making farting noises

pe Part: indicates that the speaker does not mean what he is saying
ex: Pe 'a hab kaij. I just said that (I don't mean it).
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piascud/ piast:la

pi-

piascud Vtr [Neutr: def piasc; hort piascud]: to play music for obj
ex: Napt o ho(<ha)piasc? Are you(sg) going to play music for them? M(<'am) g
tpiascud! Play for us!

piast (Span: fiesta) N inalien indiv [pl: pipiast]: feast, fiesta, dance, party
ex: 'At 'am hab ju: g si ge'e piast. They had a big feast there.
Hualub piast NExpr: feast of Guadalupe
Huhan hapiast NExpr: Juans' (their) feast
Huhusi hapiast NExpr: Joses ' (their) feast
Mamllia hapiast NExpr: Marys' (their) feast

piast vu Stat Expr: to be a feast, dance, party

ex: ... no pi 'ea g e'icuda vu a 'i hapiast g hemajkam. ... because at that time singing
and dancing was the only feast of the people.

piast Stat sing [mult: pipiast]: to have a feast, a dance, a party

ex: Nam mu'iko pipiast? Do you(pl) have feasts often? Nam si pipiast? Do you(pl)
have lots of feasts? Cum hekid 'ac piast toabk. We have a feast every summer.

piast Vintr [Neutr: def indef and hort piast; imper pls piasta-yo. Correl: piast-k. Compl:
piast-ok. Dur: piasta-d. Interr: piasta-him.]: to play some music
ex: D(<g) 'o hu piast. He is playing over there. Piastayo! You(pl) play some music!
Piastahim 'a. I have been playing some music.

piast Vreflex [Neutr: def and indef 'e-piast. Interr: 'e-piasta-him]: to be going on (a feast)
ex: T o 'o(<'e)piast si'alim. There is going (hearsay) to be a feast tomorrow. Hekid 'at
o 'i 'i(<'e)piast? When is there going to be a feast? Tako 'o(<'e)piastahim. Yesterday
there was a feast.

piastame Vintr Unit (for Repet see piastamme) sgs (for pls see piastop) [Neutr:
def piastam; hort piastame]: to go to a feast
ex: Nt o piastam. I'll go to the feast (I am on my way to the feast).-- Gam g hu piastame!
Go (you sg) to the feast!

piastamme Vintr Repet (for Unit see piastame) sgs: to go to a feast repeatedly
ex: Heg 'o cum hekid piastamme. He goes to the feast each time.

piast:la (Span: fiestero) N inalien indiv [pl: pipiasttila]: feast master

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piastop/ pilkaga

piastop Vintr pls (for sgs see piastame) [Neutr: def and hort piasto; indef piastop]:
to go to a feast
ex: Tt o piasto. We are on our way to the feast . Gam g o hu piasto! Why don't you(pl)
go to the feast! Hegam 'o'odham cum hekid 'o piastop. Those people go to the feast all
the time.

piast ta NExpr inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg piasta-j ta): pl (3rd pers pl ha-pipiast
ta)]: feast day (same as ce:gig ta)

piast ta vu Stat Expr: to be a feast day

ex: Si'alim 'at u o piast tak. Tomorrow will be a feast day. Si'alim 'at u o piastaj
tak. Tomorrow will be his feast day.

pilg:do (Span: perico) N indiv [pl: pipilggido]: parrot, paroquet

pilin N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: pilina-j); pl: piplin]: bridle, bit
ex: Mo g kavyu 'ab vapkid. (A bridle is) that which they put on a horse.

pilin-gi'aag NComp inalien indiv [sg(1st pers sg pilin-gi'aag); pl: pilin-gigiaag]:

rein

pilka N alien aggreg [(1st pers sg: -pilka=ga; instr: pilka-kaj; instr 1st pers sg: -
pilka=ga-kaj); distr: pipilka]: wheat
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)okp g pilka. I'll pound some wheat. Huan pilkaga 'o skegaj.
Juan's wheat is nice. Nt o ho(<ha)gegus g haivaga g pilkakaj. I'll feed my cows
with wheat. Nt o gegus g pilkakaj. I'll eat wheat.
ce'ecev-muadkam-pilka NComp alien aggreg: long headed (tassled) wheat
civokam-pilka NComp alien aggreg: tassled wheat
vepeg-pilka NComp alien aggreg: Sonora wheat
'o'olas-pilka NComp alien aggreg: Pima wheat (small-headed Sonora wheat)

pilka vu Stat Expr: to be wheat

pilka bahijida NExpr: wheat crop ready to be harvested

pilka ba'iham NExpr: container full of wheat

pilka-civo NComp: wheat tassel

pilkaga vu Stat Expr: to be (somebody's) wheat

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) pilkaga. This is my wheat.
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pilkaga/ pion

pilkaga Stat: to have wheat

ex: 'A ge pilkaga. I have wheat. Skeg 'a pilkaga. I have good wheat.

pilkaga s- Stat: to have a lot of wheat

pilkagakadma s- V subst intr: to appear to have a lot of wheat

ex: Nat o a spilkagakadma. I thought he had a lot of wheat.

pilkagakam/ pilkakam N subst: one who has wheat

pilka-hi:ka NExpr inalien [3rd pers: pilka hi:ka-j]: wheat cuttings

pilkaig Stat impers Unit: there is wheat in a single location

ex: Pilkaig 'am 'oidagc'e. There is wheat in the field.

pilkaig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of wheat in a single location

ex: Spilkaig 'am 'oidagc'e. There is a lot of wheat in the field.

pilka-va'ug NComp alien [1st pers sg: -pilka-va'ug=ga]: wheat straw

pilka-'i:ta NExpr: basketful of wheat

pil:di (Span: pelota) N inalien indiv [pl: pipllodi]: ball

pilsa N inalien indiv [sg (loc: pilsa-t-'ab; instr: pilsa-kaj); pl: pipilsa; distr: pippilsa]:
blanket
ex: B(<'ab) o 'i ha'u:'uk g 'epippilsa! Each one of you, bring your respective blankets!
Nt o ha'i hanolot g pipilsa. I'll buy a few blankets. Nt o ce'ev g pilsakaj. I'll cover him
with a blanket.

pimindo (Span: pimiento) N alien mass: black pepper

ex: Ge'ej g pimindo 'am hidoc'e. There is a lot of pepper in the stew.

pimindomad Vtr [Neutr: def and hort pimindomad]: to put pepper in, to pepper obj

pion (Span: pen) N alien aggreg [(1st pers sg: -pion=ga); distr: pipion; 3rd pers pl: ha-
pipion=ga ]: employee, servant
ex: piongaj g Jio: (his) servant(s) of God

pion vu Stat Expr: to be (an) employee(s)

ex: Pion 'a u c cikpan. I work as an employee (I am an employee and I work).
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pionag/ pipiba

pionag Nsubst: employee(s), servant(s) of

Jio-pionag NComp aggreg: clergy (someone working for God, such as priests, sisters,
altar boys, prophet)
kovnal-pionag NComp aggreg: government employee(s)

pionag vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's employee(s), servant(s)

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) pionag. He is my employee. D(<vu) 'o piongaj hega'i. He is that
fellow's employee.

pionag Stat: to have (an) employee(s), (a) servant(s)

ex: He'ekia 'ap 'i pionag? How many employees do you(sg) have? Go:k 'a pionag. I
have two employees.

pionag s- Stat: to have many employees, servants

ex: Spionag 'a. I have many employees.

pioncud Vtr [Neutr: def pionc; hort pioncud]: to hire obj as an employee, a servant
ex: Pionc 'ant. I hired him. Nt o ho(<ha)pionc. I'll hire them.

pionga vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's employee(s), servant(s)

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) pionga. He is my employee. D(<vu) 'o piongaj hega'i. He is that
fellow's employee.

pionga Stat: to have (an) employee(s), servant(s)

ex: He'ekia 'ap 'i pionga? How many employees do you(sg) have? Go:k 'a pionga. I
have two employees.

pionga s- Stat: to have many employees, servants

ex: Spionga 'a. I have many employees.

piontalig N: employment, employ, servitude

pipbakam see N pi:bakam= one who has a pipe

pipgo see N pi:go= pick
pipiast see N piast= feast
pipiast see Stat piast= to have a feast

pipiast maad NExpr [loc: pipiast maad 'e]: October (the moon of the feasts)

pipiasttila see N piast:la= feast master

pipiba see N pi:ba= pipe
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pipiba/ pisalt

pipiba see Stat pi:ba= to have a pipe

pipibac see Stat pi:bac = to be a pipe smoker
pipilggido see N pilg:do = parrot, paroquet
pipilka see N pilka = wheat
pipilsa see N pilsa = blanket

Pipimag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-Pi:mag): to be full of Pimas in several
locations

pipion see N pion= employee, servant

piplin see N pilin= bridle, bit
pipllodi see N pil:di= ball
piplos see N pi:los= pear, pear tree

piplosig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-pi:losig): to be full of pears, pear trees, in
several locations

pippilsa see N pilsa= blanket

pipsal see Vtr pipsalt= to weigh obj

pipsalt Vtr Distr (for Unit see pisalt) [Neutr: def pipsal]: to weigh obj
ex: T o ho(<ha)pipsal g 'ehahaivaga. They will weigh their respective cows.

pipsalt Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-pisalt) [Neutr: indef 'e-pipsalt Dur: 'e-pipsalta-
d]: to weigh oneself repeatedly
ex: Cum hekid 'apt o 'o(<'e)pipsaltad ves takaj! Be weighing yourself every day!

pipsaltaku see N pisaltaku= scales; bushel

pipsttol see N pistl= pistol
pip see N pi:= dollar, dollar bill
pipga see Stat pi:ga= to have a dollar, a dollar bill
pisal see Vtr pisalt= to weigh obj
pisal see Vreflex 'e-pisalt= to weigh oneself, to weigh, have a certain weight

pisalt (Span: pesar) Vtr Unit (for Distr see pipsalt) [Neutr: def pisal; hort pisalt.
Correl: pisalt-k; immed: pisalt-ka-'i. Compl: pisalt-ok; immed: pisalt-oka-'i. Dur: pisalta-
d. Interr: pisalta-him]: to weigh obj
ex: Nt o pisal g haivaga. I will weigh my cow. Nt o ho(<ha)pisal g haivaga. I will
weigh my cows. Napt o a(<va) hapisaltad g haiva? Are you going to be weighing
cows? Nap hapisaltahim g haiva? Have you been weighing the cows?
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pisalt/ pi:cud

pisalt (Span: pesar) Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-pipsalt) [Neutr: def 'e-pisal]: to
weigh oneself, to weigh (have a certain weight)
ex: Napt 'episal? Did you weigh yourself? He'ekia 'at 'i 'i(<'e)pisal? How much does
he/it weigh?

pisaltaku N inalien indiv [sg (instr: pisaltaku-kaj); pl: pipsaltaku]: scales; bushel

pistl (Span: pistol) N inalien indiv [sg (instr: pistol-kaj); pl: pipsttol]: pistol

pi'a Exclam: no
ex: Nap sma:c hega'i? Pi'a, pi 'i(<'a) a 'i ma:c. Do you know him? No, I don't know
him at all.

pi:-

pi:ba (Span: pipa) N inalien indiv [pl: pipiba]: pipe

ex: Pi:ba 'at o ki'icid. He will have a pipe between his teeth. Mo 'ab 'eje:. (A pipe is)
that which is smoked.

pi:ba Stat sing [mult: pipiba]: to have a pipe

ex: Skeg 'a pi:ba. I have a nice pipe. T o ge pi:bak. He will have a pipe
(unexpectedly)

pi:bac Stat sgs [pls: pipibac]: to be a pipe smoker

ex: Pi:bac 'o. He is a pipe smoker. Hegam 'o pipibac. They are pipe smokers.

pi:bakam N subst sg [pl: pipbakam]: one who has a pipe

ex: hega'i pi:bakam= that (fellow) with a pipe hega'i cev pi:bakam= that (fellow) with
a long pipe hegam pipbakam= those (fellows) with pipes

pi:c see Vreflex 'e-pi:cud= to take a long time, to have a hard time

pi:cud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-pi:c. Correl: 'e-pi:cud-k]: to take a long time, to have a
hard time
ex: Mu'i pi:c 'ab ha'ab hegam 'a'al. I had a hard time with those children. Mu'i
pi:cudk 'emge'ege'el. It took me a long time to raise you(pl). Pt mu'i vo 'o(<'e)pi:cudk
aha(<haha) vo 'i smai matp hascu 'ab 'ab 'uli. It will take you(sg) a long time before
you find out what I am worth.
 147

pi:go/ Pi:ma hemajkam

pi:go (Span: pico) N inalien indiv [sg (instr: pi:go-kaj); pl: pipgo]: pick (a tool)
ex: Mo hekaj 'emoihun g jevu. (A pick is) that with which the soil is loosened.

pi:hu see Vtr pi:hun= to make obj take a break, a rest

pi:hu see Vreflex 'e-pi:hun= to take a break, a rest

pi:hun Vtr [Neutr: def pi:hu]: to make obj take a break, a rest

pi:hun Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-pi:hu; indef and hort 'e-pi:hun. Correl: 'e-pi:hun-k; immed:
'e-pi:hun-ka'i. Compl: 'e-pi:hun-ok; immed: 'e-pi:hun-oka'-i .Dur: 'e-pi:huna-d. Interr: 'e-
pi:huna-him.]: to take a break, a rest
ex: 'E-'at-'ai mant o pi:hu. It is time for me to take a break. Nt o pi:hu gamai go:k 'e
g 'o:la. I'll take a break at 12. Gi'ikc'e 'a pi:hun. At 4, I usually take a break. Tt
hig o tpi:hunk o 'i: g kavh:. Let's take a coffee break (take a break and drink coffee).
pi:hunahim 'a. I am about to take a break. Hemu 'unt(<'ant) o pi:hunahim. Soon
I'll be ready to take a break. Hemu 'unt(<'ant) o pi:hunad. Soon, I'll be taking a break.

pi:los (dial: pi:las; Span: pera) N alien aggreg [(1st pers -pi:los=ga; loc: pi:los-c-'e;
instr: pi:los-kaj; instr reflex: 'e-pi:los=ga-kaj); distr: piplos]: pear, pear tree
ex: Vatopig 'am pi:losc'e. There is a worm in the pear. Nt o gegus g pi:loskaj. I'll eat
a pear (feed myself with a pear).

pi:losga Stat: to have pears, pear trees

ex: Nap ge pi:losga? Do you(sg) have pears/ pear trees?

pi:losig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-piplosig): to be full of pears, pear trees (in
a single location)

Pi:ma N aggreg: Pimas

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g Pi:ma. I see some Pimas. Go:k 'a haeid g Pi:ma. I see two
Pimas. Pi:ma 'o 'i hema ha'icuk Covered-Wellst'ab. There is a Pima in Covered Wells.

Pi:ma vu Stat Expr: to be a Pima

ex: D(<vu) 'o Pi:ma. He is a Pima. Hegam 'o (<vu) Pi:ma. Those are Pimas.

Pi:mag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-Pipimag): to be full of Pimas (in a single
location)

Pi:ma hajevuga NExpr: Pima country (Pima their country)

Pi:ma hemajkam NExpr(?): the Pima people

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Pi:ma-/ popo'olt

Pi:ma-jevu NComp [loc: Pi:ma-jevu-c-'e]: Pima country

ex: M(<'am) 'o ki: Pi:ma-jevu da:m. He lives in Pima country.

Pi:makaj iok V Expr [pls: Pi:makaj eiok]: to speak in Pima

ex: Pi:makaj 'o iok. He speaks Pima. M(<'am) 'a 'ea vu 'alikc Pi:makaj iok.
When I was a child I spoke Pima. Pi:makaj 'o eiok. They speak Pima.

Pi:ma-iok VComp intr Unit sgs: to speak Pima

ex: Nap Pi:ma-iok? Do you speak Pima?

Pi:ma 'o'odham NExpr(?): Pima man

Pi:ma 'uv NExpr(?): Pima woman

pi: (Span: peso) N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: -pi:=ga); pl: pip]: dollar, dollar bill
ex: Pt o ha'i hivg g pip! Lend me a few dollars!
go:k-pi: NComp alien: two dollar bill
hetasp-pi: NComp alien [sg(1st pers sg -hetasp-pi:=ga);pl:1st pers sg -hetasp-
pip=g]: five dollar bill

pi:ga Stat sing [mult: pipga]: to have a dollar, a dollar bill

ex: Nap ge pi:ga? Do you(sg) have a dollar? Nap ha'i pipga? Do you(sg) have a few
dollars? He'ekia 'ap 'i pipga? How many dollars do you have?
go:k-pi:ga Stat Comp sing: to have a two dollar bill
ex: Nap ge go:k-pi:ga? Do you have a two dollar bill?
hetasp-pi:ga Stat Comp sing [mult: hetasp pipga]: to have a five dollar bill
ex: Nap ge hetasp-pi:ga? Do you have a five dollar bill?

po-

poim s- Adv: with a deep, low, thumping, sound

popji see N po:ji: any animal with its tail cut off
popo'ol see N pool= corn gruel

popo'olt Vtr Repet (for Unit see poolt) [Neutr: indef popo'olt]: to boil obj
repeatedly (in water with neither salt nor fat)
ex: Ves sisialmad 'a popo'olt g ncucul-nonhaga. Every morning I have a boiled egg.
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popo'olta/ po:tol

popo'olta see N poolta= corn gruel in the process of being made

poptol see N po:tol= bronco, unbroken horse

poptolig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of broncos, unbroken horses in a single location
ex: Spoptolig 'am jevu da:m. There are lots of broncos in the open country.

pool see Vtr poolt= to boil obj (in water with neither salt nor fat)

pool N inalien/ alien aggreg [(3rd pers sg: pooli-j/ pool=ga-j; instr: pool-kaj); distr:
popo'ol]: corn or wheat (boiled in water with neither salt nor fat)
ex: Nt o ha'i cuhiva g pool. I'll grind some of my pool.
ba:bas-pool NComp inalien aggreg: boiled potatoe(s)

pool/ poolga Stat: to have corn or wheat (boiled in water with neither salt nor fat)
ex: Nap ge pool? Do you have some corn gruel?- Skeg 'a pool. I have good corn gruel.

poolc see Vdtr poolcud= to boil obj (in water with neither salt nor fat) for somebody

poolcud Vdtr [Neutr: def poolc; hort poolcud]: to boil obj (in water with neither salt
nor fat) for somebody
ex: poolcuda g cucul-nonha! Make me a boiled egg!

poolt Vtr Unit (for Repet see popo'olt) [Neutr: def pool; hort and indef poolt. Dur:
poolta-d. Interr: poolta-him]: to boil obj (in water with neither salt nor fat; for cooking
with salt and fat, see hido)
ex: Nt o pool g cucul-nonha. I'll make a boiled egg. Nt o ho(<ha)pool g cucul-nonha.
I'll make boiled eggs. M g poolt g cucul-nonha! Make me a boiled egg! Poolta!
Boil it! (<'a) ab poolt g cucul-nonha. I am just boiling an egg. Pooltahim 'a
g cucul-nonha. I have been making a boiled egg.

poolta N inalien aggreg [distr: popo'olta]: corn or wheat in the process of being boiled
in water with neither salt nor fat.

po:-

po:ji alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -po:ji=ga); pl: popji]: any animal (such as a dog, a
horse, a cow) with its tail cut off

po:tol N alien indiv [sg (loc: po:tol-t-'ab); pl: poptol]: bronco, unbroken horse
 150

pualcud/ pu:st

pu-

pualcud Vtr sing [Neutr: def pualc]: to make a door for somebody
ex: Nt o mpualc. I'll make you(sg) a door.

pualt (Span: puerta) N inalien/ alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: pualta-j/ pualt=ga-j; loc:
pualt-t-'ab); pl: pup[u]alt; distr: puppalt]: door

pualt V sing [Neutr: def and hort pualt]: to make a door

ex: Nt o hema pualt. I'll make a door.

pundi (Span: puente) N: bridge

puvlo (Span: pueblo) N inalien: village (same as ki:him)

puppalt see N pualt= door

pupst see N pu:st= saddle
pup[u]alt see N pualt= door

pu:-

pu:lo (Span: puro) N alien aggreg [1st pers sg: -pu:lo=ga]: cigar
ex: He'ekia 'apt 'i pu:lo ho(<ha)je:j? How many cigars did you smoke?

pu:lo s- Adv: cigar-like, of cigar(s)

ex: Spu:lo 'u:v. It smells of cigar.

pu:luv s- Stat: to smell of cigar smoke

ex: Spu:luv 'o. It smells of cigar smoke.

pu:st N inalien indiv [pl: pupst]: saddle (same as si:l)

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sadi/ sa:vana

sa-

sadi (Span: aceite) N alien /inalien mass: gasoline

ex: Napt o va'i g sadi? Do you want gas? Heu'u, m g ha va'igid g sadi! Yes, put
some gas in for me! Hu:mhim g nsadiga. I am running out of gas.

saltin/ sald:n (Span: sartn) N alien/ inalien: frying pan

sas[a]go see N sa:go= blouse

sasanto see N sa:nto= a Catholic
sas[a]vana see N sa:vana= sheet

sa:-

sa:go (Span: saco) N inalien indiv [pl: sas[a]go]: blouse

ex: Napt 'ab o ge vo:agt 'esa:go 'ab? Are you going to put a pocket on your blouse?

sa:nto (Span: santo) N indiv [pl: sasanto]: a Catholic

ex: sasanto hapa:lga= the priest of the Catholics

sa:nto vu Stat Expr sgs: to be a Catholic

ex: D(<vu) 'a sa:nto. I am a Catholic.

sa:nto-pa:l NComp alien indiv: a Catholic priest

sa:nto-pa:lga vu Stat Expr sgs: to be somebody's Catholic priest

ex: No (<vu) 'emsa:nto-pa:lga? Is he your Catholic priest?

sa:nto-pa:lga StatComp sing: to have a Catholic priest

ex: Nam ge sa:nto-pa:lga Covered-Wellst'ab? Do you(pl) have a Catholic priest at
Covered Wells?

sa:vana (Span: sbana) N inalien indiv [pl: sas[a]vana]: sheet

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sbai-/ Sgogogsigk

sba-

sbai-cu'i (contr of *sbahi-cu'i) NComp alien mass [1st pers sg: n-sbai-cu'i=ga]: pinole
flour (roasted grain ground into flour)

sbai-cu'i-va:ga NComp inalien mass [1st pers sg: n-sbai-cu'i-va:ga]: pinole drink
(roasted grain ground into flour and mixed with water; also called cu'i-va:ga)

sbai-cu'i-va:gaiku NComp alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: n-sbai-cu'iva:gaiku=ga)]:

pinole bowl (container in which roasted grain is ground into flour)

sba:-

Sba:banagk N subst: name of a charco (where-there-are-lots-of-coyotes)

scu-

Scuculigk N subst: name of a village (where-there-are-lots-of-chickens)

Scucupigk N subst: name of Santa Rosa Mountain (where-there-are-lots-of ground-

squirrels)

scukcu (dial: scukcu'u) N indiv [pl: scuckcu]: Black (also called scuk milign)

scuk-milign/ scuk-mligan NComp indiv: Black (also called scukcu)

sg-

sgak-cecemait NComp aggreg: crackers (dried out tortillas)

ex: Nt o ha'i hu: g sgak-cecemait. I'll eat a few crackers.

Sgogogsigk N subst: name of a village (where there are lots of dogs)

 153

[s-]hauk vainom[/ si

sh-

[s-]hauk vainom[] NExpr(?): aluminum (light metal)

sha'i 'u:v Stat Expr: to smell bad, to stink

ex: Sha'i 'o 'u:v. It stinks.

she:kig ha'icu NExpr(?): celebration, happiness

ex: ..matt 'am a(<va) he'es hab o ju: g she:kig ha'icu. ..that we will have a big celebration.

she:kig ha'icu vu Stat Expr: to be a celebration

ex: ...mo (<vu) she:kig ha'icu 'am ves hemajkam havui. ...that it is a celebration for all
the people.

she:pijig N: cold weather

cem she:pijig maad NExpr: the month of October (moon of the small cold weather)
ge'e she:pijig maad NExpr: the month of December (moon of the big cold weather)

she:p[]c'e Adv: in winter (in the cold)

she:p[]c'ekam N subst: wintertime (one during which it is cold)

ex: Nap shoho'id g she:pc'ekam? Do you like wintertime?

she:p[]c'ekam vu Stat Expr: to be wintertime

ex: ... nat pi 'ea u(<vu) she:pc'ekam 'ea. ... because it was winter at the time.

she:p[]kam N subst: wintertime (one that is cold)

ex: Nap shoho'id g she:p[]kam? Do you like wintertime?

shiosigam-hu:[-sitoi] NComp aggreg: popcorn

Shukagk N subst: name of Prescott (where it's full of boards)

si-

si Part (intensive): very, extremely, exactly

ex: Nt o a 'i si si'alimk e: si'alim. I'll wake up real early tomorrow. Si 'it(<'at) e'e
hegam kakavyu. They sure bucked, those horses! N g si be:i ! Hold it tight! Heg 'o
(<vud) si 'O:b. He is a full-blooded Apache.
 154

siakam/ sij

siakam N alien indiv [pl: sisiakam]: enemy killer, war hero

sisiakam ha-u:kuddam NExpr aggreg: enemy killers' guardian

siakam vu Stat Expr sgs: to be an enemy killer, a war hero

siakamga vu Stat Expr sgs: to be somebody's enemy killer, war hero

ex: D(<vu) 'o tsiakamga. He is our war hero.

siakamga Stat sing: to have an enemy killer, a war hero

ex: Nam ge siakamga? Do you(pl) have a war hero?

siant (Span: ciento) Num: one hundred

sibio (Span?) N indiv [pl: sisbio]: hoe (same as sikonaku)

sigal (Span: cigarro) N alien aggreg [(3rd pers sg sigal=ga-j); distr: sis[i]gal]: cigarette
ex: 'Am 'o 'ulinc g 'esigalga. He is offering (holding out) his cigarette. 'Am 'o ha'i
'u:'ulinc g 'esigalga. He is offering (holding out) some of his cigarettes.

si haju NExpr inalien aggreg [distr: si hahaju]: blood relatives

sihon Vtr [Neutr: def siho; hort sihon]: to stir obj (ashes or coals)
ex: 'I sihon g tai! Stir the fire! Mat pi 'am hu o 'i si s'ap meihid 'at 'am o a 'i siho. When
(the fire) is not burning well, one stirs it some.

sihonaku N: a fire shovel or stick used to stir the coals

sihovi see Vtr sihovin= to rummage, poke into, obj

sihovin Vtr [Neutr: def sihovi; indef and hort sihovin; imper sgs sihovina-. Dur:
sinovina-d. Interr: sihovina-him]: to rummage into, poke at, obj (as with a rat in a hole to
make it come out)
ex: ... heghekaj 'am sihovinahim. ... with it (the stick) they were poking at it there (in its
hole). Nt o 'i sihovinahi. I'll be poking at it (with interruptions).

-sihovinaku in NComp: instrument to rummage, poke with

tai-sihovinaku NComp: poker
ta:tam-sihovinaku NComp aggreg: toothpick

sij Vintr [Neutr: def sij. Correl: sij-k]: to jingle (as of coins)
 155

sijig/ sikolka

sijig N: jingling noise (as of coins)

sij[i]gid Vtr [Neutr: indef sijigid]: to make obj jingle

ex: 'Elialga a sijigid. He is making his money jingle some.

si jisk N Expr inalien (1st pers sg: si n-isk]: real aunt

sijko N inalien indiv [pl: sisijko]: rattle (of a rattlesnake)

ex: ko'ov hasisijko= rattlesnakes' rattles

siko see Vtr sikon= to hoe obj

siko Mod sg [pl: si'isko]: forming a circle

ex: Siko daha. They are sitting in a cirle. Si'isko daha. They are sitting in circles.

siko maad NExpr: full moon

sikol Adv sg [pl: si'iskol]: circular, circularly

ex: Pi 'ap sikol 'o'oho. He did not draw a good circle. Pt o sikol me:! Run in a circle!
Pt o sikol hi:! Walk in a circle! Sikol g bijimid! Make it go in a circle! M 'at ab
o 'i si'iskol bi:bimad. They will keep on circling around and around there.

sikol da[ha] Stat Expr sgs [pls: si'iskol daha]: to be sitting cross-legged
ex: ... ma 'am si'iskol daha. ... who were (hearsay) sitting cross-legged there.

Sikol Himadk/ Sikol Himidk NExpr: a village (where the water goes in a circle)

sikolim Adv: in a round, circular, way

ex: Nt o sikolim 'o'oho. I'll draw a circle.

sikolk/ sikok Adj sg [pl: si'iskolk/ si'iskok]: round, circular

ex: hega'i sikok mi:sa= that round table hegam si'iskolk mimsa= those round tables

sikolk/ sikok Stat sgs [pls: si'iskolk/ si'isko] to be round, circular

ex: Sikolk 'o g mi:sa. The table is round.

sikolka Vintr sgs (for pls see si'iskolka) [Neutr: def sikolka. Interr: sikolka-him]: to
become round, circular
ex: Hemu 'ut(<'at) o sikolka g maad. Soon the moon will be full (round). Sikolkahim
'o g maad. The moon is close to being full.
 156

sikolk[a]d/ siko[i]d

sikolk[a]d Vtr sgo (for plo see si'iskolk[a]d): to make obj get round, circular

sikolkda N inalien: act of making something get round, circular

ex: Nt o 'ip na:to g nsikolka! Let me finish my rounding (it) first!

-sikol[k]ag in kalit-sikolag NComp indiv [pl: kalit-si'iskolag]: wagon wheel

sikol[k]aj N indiv [pl: si'iskol[k]daj]: wheel of a specified entity (wagon)

ex: Sikolaj 'epac. Its wheel is broken.

sikol-medam NComp sg [pl: si'iskol-vo:po'odam]: wheel (one that keeps running

circularly)

sikon Vtr [Neutr: def siko; indef and hort sikon; imper sgs: sikona-. Correl: sikon-k;
immed: sikon-ka-'i. Compl: sikon-ok. Dur: sikona-d. Interr: sikona-him.]: to hoe obj
(same as si:mun)
ex: 'I:da'a 'o'odham 'o sikon g 'ehu:ga. This fellow is hoeing his corn. Sikonahim 'a.
I have been hoeing it. Napt 'ab 'i sikonahi? Have you been hoeing it (with
interruptions)? Nt o 'ip sikonoka'i. I'll hoe it first (before doing something else). Pi
g 'am sikon 'i:da'a hu:! Don't hoe this corn (field)!

sikona N inalien: act of hoeing

ex: Nt o 'ip na:to g nsikona. I'll finish my hoeing first.

sikonadkam s- N sg: one good at hoeing

sikonaku N inalien indiv [pl: siskonaku] hoe, cultivator

sikonas Stat: to be hoed

ex: Hek o hu sikonas. It's already hoed.

sikondad see Vdtr siko[i]d= to hoe obj for somebody

siko see Vdtr siko[i]d= to hoe obj for somebody

siko[i]d Vdtr [Neutr: def siko; indef and hort sikoid; imper sgs sikonda-. Correl:
sikoid-k; immed: sikoid-ka-'i. Compl: sikoid-ok; immed: sikoid-oka-'i. Dur:
sikonda-d. Interr: sikonda-him.]: to hoe obj for somebody
ex: Tt hig o hihimk o siko hega'i 'o'odham! Let's go and hoe (his field) for that fellow!
Nsikoid! Hoe it for me! 'A sikoidahim g hu:gaj hega'i 'o'odham. I have been
hoeing his corn for that fellow. Nt o 'ip na:to sikoidk. I'll finish hoeing it for him first.
 157

sikul/ sipulk

sikul N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: sikuli-j); pl: siskul]: younger sibling or cousin
(same as e:pij)

silv:sa/silv:s (Span: cerveza) N alien mass: beer

Simana-Snto (Span: semana santa) NComp [loc: simana-snto-c-'e]: Easter

siminjel (Span: cementario) N indiv [pl: sisminjel]: cemetery

simito N inalien indiv [pl: sismito]: whole wheat bun

sino (Span: seorita) N: seorita

sigo/ si:nko (Span: cinco) N alien aggreg/ indiv [pl: sisigo]: nickel, five-cent piece

sip see Vintr sip[a]= to break open

sip[a] Vintr sgs (for pls see sispa) [Neutr: def sip. Correl: sipa-k; immed: sipa-ka-
'i. Interr: sipi-him]: to break open
ex: Sip 'at. It broke open. Sip g kostal. The sack broke open. Siphim 'o. It's about
to break open. T o sipak o doa. It (a boil) will break open and will heal. T o
'op(<'ip) sipaka'i. It will break open first.

sipu Adv: upside down, with rear end up

ex: Sipu ke:k. It (the olla) is standing upside down.
si sipu kekiva VExpr sgs: to stand with one's rear end up
si sipu kekivup VExpr sgs: to do somersaults
ex: M 'apt o si sipu kekivupad. Be doing somersaults!

sipuka in si 'e-sipuka VExpr reflex: to stick one's rear end up

ex: Pt o si 'esipuka! Stick your rear end up! Nant o 'i nsipuka? Shall I stick my rear
end up?

sipug N alien indiv [pl: sispug]: a bird, cardinal

sipugag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-sispugag): to be full of cardinals (birds) in
a single location

sipulk Stat sing [mult: si'ispulk]: to form a pile (sand, dirt, ashes)
ex: 'O'o 'am sipulk. There is a pile of sand down there. 'O'o 'am si'ispulk. There are
(here and there) piles of sand down there.
 158

sipulk/ sisiakam

sipulk in ha'icu sipulk NExpr: a pile (of something)

matai-sipulk NComp(?): pile of ashes

sipulk[a]d Vtr sing (for mult see si'ispulk[a]d): to form obj into a pile (sand, ashes)

sipulkas Stat sing: to be piled up (into one pile)

ex: ..mo g hohodai 'im daha, sipulkas. ..where there are (sitting) stones there, piled up.

sipulkda N inalien [distr: si'ispulkda]: pile (of dirt, dust, sand, ashes) in the process of
being made
ex: Pt o 'i'ava g nsi'ispulka! Throw away my piles (for instance, the piles of dust I made
in various places as I was sweeping the floor).
jevu sipulkda NExpr inalien [distr: jevu si'ispulkda]: pile of dust
matai sipulkda NExpr inalien [sg (1st pers sg: matai n-sipulkda); distr: matai
si'ispulkda]: pile of ashes
'o'o sipulkda NExpr inalien [distr: 'o'o si'ispulkda]: pile of sand

sipulkdaku in matai-sipulkdaku NComp(?): dumping place for one's ashes

(same as matai-'iaviku)

sipu see Vtr sipun= to break obj open

sipu Vtr sgo [Neutr: def and hort sipu]: to break obj open (same as sipun?)
ex: T o sipu. He will break it open (a doctor breaking a sore open) Sipua! Break
it open! 'Oi g sipu! Go ahead and break it open!

sipun Vtr sgo (for plo see sispun) [Neutr: def sipu; hort sipun; imper sgs: sipuna-
. Correl: sipun-k. Compl: sipun-ok]: to break obj open (same as sipu?)
ex: Pt o 'om(<'am) sipu. You might break it open (without meaning to). 'Oi g sipun!
Go ahead and break it open (right away)! T o 'ip sipunoka'i. He will break it open
first.

sisbio see N sibio= hoe

sisia Vintr Repet (for Unit see si'a) [Neutr: indef sisia]: to dawn repeatedly; to rise
in the morning repeatedly (the moon)
ex: Stoabk skeg sisia. In summer the dawns are beautiful (it dawns beautifully). ...
b(<vab) kia sisia g maad. ... the moon is still in its first quarter (still rises at
daybreak).

sisiakam see N siakam= enemy killer, war hero

 159

sisialmad/ sismito

sisialmad Adv: early each morning (same as ves si'alig 'ab)

ex: Sisialmad vahammig. He rises early in the morning. Cum hekid 'a vuicud
sisialmad. I practice kicking ball every morning.

sis[i]gal see N sigal= cigarette

sisijko see N sijko= rattle (of a rattle snake)
sisiku see N si'iku= nipple; bottle
sisil see N si:l= saddle
sisipu see N si:pu= buttocks, rump
sisivoda/ sisivodag see N si:vodag= topknot of feathers (of a bird)

sisivulokig/ sisivlokig/ sisvulokig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-sivulokig):
to be full of whirlwinds in various locations

sisivulok/ sisivlok/ sisvulok see N sivulok= whirlwind

sisi see N si:= elbow
sisi see Vtr sisip= to pin, nail, obj (with several pins, nails)

sisic semi Stat reflex mult (for sing see 'e-si:c): to have one's elbows on something
ex: Nsisic 'an mi:sa da:m. I've got my elbows on the table. N(<'an) g ab 'i
'i(<'e)sisicid! Keep your elbows on there!

sisip Vtr Unit (for Repet see sisiap) mult or plo (for sing or sgo see si:p) [Neutr:
def sisi; hort sisip/ sisip]: to nail/ pin obj (with several pins, nails)
ex: N(<'an) g sisip! Pin it (a dress) in several places (hold it together with safety pins).

sisipaku see N si:paku= safety pin

sisipid Vdtr mult (for sing see si:pid) [Neutr: def sisip; hort sisipid]: to nail/ pin
obj with several nails/ pins for somebody

sisip see Stat si:p= to be nailed/ pinned in one place

sisiap Vtr Repet (for Unit see sisip) mult (for sing see siap) and plo [Neutr: indef
sisiap. Dur: sisiapa-d]: to nail/ pin obj with several nails/ pins repeatedly

siskonaku see N sikonaku= hoe, cultivator

siskul see N sikul= younger sibling or cousin
sisminjel see N siminjel= cemetary
sismito see N simito = whole wheat bun
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sispa/ sisto'oltdam-

sispa Vintr pls (for sgs see sipa) [Neutr: def sisp; indef sispa]: to break open
ex: Sisp g hihivdaj. His sores broke open. Sispa g hihivdaj. His sores are breaking
open.

sispug see N sipug= a bird, cardinal

sispugag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-sipugag): to be full of cardinals (birds) in
various locations

sispun Vtr plo (for sgo see sipun) [Neutr: def sispu; hort sispun. Correl: sispun-
k]: to break obj open
ex: Pt o ho(<ha)sispu g kokstal. You are going to break the sacks open. Pi g 'am
hasispun! Don't break them open (sores)! T o ho(<ha)sispunk 'an o ho(<ha)vu:p. He
will break them (sores) open and bandage them.

sistoiku see N sitoiku= instrument to roast coffee, wheat, corn

sisto'ol see N sitol: syrup; jam

sisto'ol[]cud Vdtr mult (for sing see sitol[]cud) [Neutr: def sisto'olc; hort
sisto'olcud]: to make different kinds of syrup/ jam out of obj for somebody
ex: Nt o msisto'olc. I'll make you different kinds of syrup (jam).

sisto'olt Vtr Repet (for Unit see sitolt) [Neutr: indef sisto'olt]: to make syrup/ jam out
of obj repeatedly
ex: Kuc 'an behekc sisto'olt. We gather it (saguaro pulp) and make syrup out of it.

sisto'olt Vtr mult (for sing see sitolt) [Neutr: def hort and indef sisto'olt]: to make
various kinds of syrup/ jam out of obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)sisto'olt I'll make various kinds of syrup/ jam.

sisto'oltaku see N sitoltaku= storage pot for saguaro fruit syrup

sisto'oltdam N subst: one making syrup/ jam repeatedly

sisto'oltdam vu Stat: to be one making syrup/ jam repeatedly

ex: D(<vu) 'o sisto'oltdam. She is the one who repeatedly makes syrup/ jam.

sisto'oltdam-mu:val NComp indiv [pl: sisto'oltdam-mumuval]: honey bee (also

called panal)
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sisva/ sitoi

sisva Vintr Unit (for Repet see sisvup) [Neutr: def, hort and indef sisva; imper sgs
sisva-, pls sisva-yo. Correl: sisva-k; immed: sisva-ka-'i. Compl: sisva-yok; immed:
sisva-yo-ka-'i. Dur: sisva-d]: to spit
ex: Cum hekid 'am ab sisva. He always just spits down (on the floor). 'O ob(<vab)
cum heba'i sisva. He just spits all over the place. 'Id 'apt 'ea 'i o sisvad! Be spitting in
this! -- ..matp 'am vua 'am sisvaka'i. ..which she had put down there right after spitting
on it (there).

sisvadam N subst: one who spits continually

sisvaag N inalien [3rd pers sg sisvaa-j]: spittle, saliva

sisvaag s- Stat: to have a lot of saliva, to salivate a lot (as of a child)

sisvat see N sivat= goat

sisviku N: spittoon (instrument to spit in)

sisvim[a]d Vtr [Neutr: def and hort sisvimad]: to spit on obj

ex: Pi g 'am nsisvimad! Don't you spit on me! B(<'ab) g si sisvimad! Spit right on him!

sisvul see N sivul= onion

sisvup Vintr Repet (for Unit see sisva) [Neutr: indef sisvup]: to spit repeatedly

sito Vtr [Neutr: def hort and indef sito; imper sgs sito-. Correl: sito-k; immed:
sitdo-ka-'i: Interr: sito-him. Dur: sito-d]: to roast obj (such as coffee, wheat, corn, and
squash seeds)
ex: Nt o sito g kavh:. I'll roast the coffee beans. Skeg 'ant sito. I roasted them well.
Sito! Roast it! Nap hejel sito g kavh:? Do you roast your own coffee beans?
(roast coffee beans yourself?) Sitohim 'a g hu:. I have been roasting corn. Nt o
sitod g kavh:. I'll be roasting coffee beans (for a while). Tt o 'i: sitoka'ik cu:tka'i.
We'll drink it (pinole) right after roasting and grinding it (wheat). ... g pilka o sitok
o cu:tk o 'i:. ... he will roast the wheat, grind it, and drink it.

sito Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-sito]: to be roasted (coffee, wheat, corn, and squash seeds)
ex: Skeg 'esito. It's well roasted.

sitoi N inalien: act of roasting (coffee, corn, wheat)

ex: Nap sma:c g sitoi? Do you know how to roast (coffee, corn)? Nt o 'ip na:to g
nsitoi. I'll finish my roasting first.
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sitoi/ sitolt

sitoi in ha'icu sitoi NExpr aggreg: something in the process of being roasted
kavh: sitoi NExpr alien aggreg: roasted coffee beans
hu: sitoi NExpr alien aggreg: roasted corn
shiosigam-hu:-sitoi NComp(?) alien aggreg: popcorn

sitoi see Vdtr sitoid= to roast obj for somebody

sitoid Vtr [Neutr: def sitoi; indef and hort sitoid. Correl: sitoid-k; immed: sitoid-
ka-'i. Dur: sitoida-d. Interr: sitoida-him]: to roast obj (coffee, corn, wheat or squash
seeds) for somebody
ex: Nt o ha'i msitoi. I'll roast you(sg) a few (corncobs). ... hasitoi g hu:. ... she
roasted corn for them. Ha'i nsitoid! Roast me a few (corncobs)! Hasitoidahim g
hu:. She has been roasting corn for them. Hasitoidk 'am 'ep cu'ihim 'ep. After
roasting it (the wheat) for them she also ground it.

sitoiku N inalien aggreg [distr: sistoiku]: instrument to roast with (either sticks for
roasting corn or pot for roasting wheat or coffee)

sitois Stat: to be roasted

ex: Nt o ho(<ha) nolot g kavh: mo pi sitois. I'll buy (from somebody) coffee beans that
are not roasted.

sitol N alien mass [distr: sisto'ol]: syrup; jam

bahidaj-sitol NComp alien mass: saguaro fruit syrup
gohi-sitol NComp alien mass: strawberry jam
julaa-sitol NComp alien mass: peach jam
mu:val-sitol NComp alien mass: honey
nala-sitol NComp alien mass: marmalade

sitol[ga] Stat: to have syrup, jam

ex: Nap ge sitolga? Do you have any syrup?
nala-sitol[ga] Stat Comp: to have marmalade
ex: Nap ge nala-sitolga? Do you have any marmalade?

sitol[]cud Vdtr sing (for mult see sisto'ol[]cud) [Neutr: def sitolc; hort sitolcud]: to
make one kind of syrup/ jam out of obj for somebody
ex: Nt o msitolc. I'll make you syrup (or jam).

sitolt Vtr Unit (for Repet see sisto'olt) sing (for mult see sisto'olt) [Neutr: def sitol;
hort sitolt; imper sgs sitolta-]: to make one kind of syrup/ jam out of obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)sitol g nala. I'll make marmalade (jam out of oranges)
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sitolt/ sivo

sitolt Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-sitol. Interr: 'e-sitolta-him]: to turn into syrup
ex: 'Esitol. The syrup is done (it turned into syrup). 'Esitoltahim 'o. The syrup is
getting ready (it's about to turn into syrup).

sitolta N inalien: syrup,/ jam in the process of being made

ex: Nt o u:kud g nsitolta, t o 'om(<'am) mei. I'll watch my syrup/ jam, it might burn.

sitoltaku N indiv [pl: sisto'oltaku]: storage pot for saguaro fruit syrup

siva Vtr Unit (for Repet see sivup) [Neutr: def and hort siva]: to hit obj with one's
elbow
ex: Si nsiva 'apt. You hit me hard with your elbow.

sivup Vtr Repet (for Unit see siva) [Neutr: indef sivup]: to hit obj with one's elbow
repeatedly

siap Vtr Repet (for Unit see si:p) sing (for mult see sisiap) [Neutr: indef sisap.
Dur: sisapa-d]: to nail/ pin obj with one nail, pin repeatedly
ex: Cum hekid 'ab ab siap. (When she tears her dress) she just holds it together with a
safety pin.

siv see Vintr sivug= to crackle, to hiss

siv Stat [Neutr: indef siv; def siv=k. Dur: siv=ka-d. Interr: siv=ka-him]: to taste bitter
ex: Siv g kavh:. The coffee is bitter. Siv 'o g u:dag. The water is bitter. Siv g
ha'icu hug. The food tastes bitter. Pi 'o siv. It's not bitter.

siv Adj: bitter

ex: Pi 'i(<'a) na:k g siv nala. I don't like (the taste of) a bitter orange.

Siva N: name of a mythological character

Siva-Makai NComp(?): name of a mythological character

Siva Va'aki NExpr(?): name of the Hohogam fort near Casa Grande

sivat N alien indiv [pl: sisvat]: goat

sivo Adv: tuft-shaped (said of anything shooting up and falling outward, such as a
fountain, an exploding piece of fireworks)
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sivo/ si'al[ig]

ex: Hu: sivo vu:. There is a clump of corn (stalks). Sivo mei. There was a burst of
light. Sivo memhe. There were repeated bursts of light.

sivok Adj sg [pl: si'isvok]: tuft-shaped (anything shooting up and falling outward)
ex: sivok mo'okam cucul= a chicken with a tuft (of feathers) on its head si'isvok
mo:mim cucul= chickens with a tuft (of feathers) on their heads

siv-taag NComp: burrowweed (a weed used for covering houses)

sivug Vintr [Neutr: def siv; indef sivug. Dur: sivuga-d. Interr: sivug[i]-him]: to crackle
(as bacon in pan), to hiss (as air escaping from a tire)
ex: Ha'as a(<va) siv. It stopped crackling. Hemu 'ut(<'at) o siv. Soon it's going to start
crackling. Sivughim 'o. It is making a hissing noise. Sivug g hamn-ga'i. The bacon
is crackling.

sivul N alien aggreg [distr: sisvul]: onion

siv[u]lokiag Stat sgs: to be like a whirlwind

ex: a 'a(<'o) va sivulokiag hega'i. He is pretty much like a whirlwind, that one.

siv[u]lokig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-sisivulogig): to be full of whirlwinds
in a single location

siv[u]lok N indiv [pl: sisivulok/ sisvulok/ sisivlok]: whirlwind

ex: e'iopa 'at g sisivlok. The whirlwinds are out. Ha'i vo:po'o g sisivlok. A few
whirlwinds are running.

Siv Vavhai NExpr(?): name of a village (bitter well)

Siv 'Oidag NExpr(?): name of a village (bitter field)

si'a Vintr Unit (for Repet see si'sia) [Neutr: def si'a; indef si'a. Correl: si'a-k;
immed: si'a-ka-'i Interr: si'a-him]: to dawn, to rise in the morning (the moon)
ex: T ga hu 'i si'a mga hu. It had dawned. Si'a 'atk g maad. It's the new moon/ the
moon is in its first crescent (the moon rose in the morning). Si'ahim 'o. It's close to
daybreak. Si'ahim 'o g maad. It's close to new moon. T o si'ak o ma:si. It will
dawn and it will be light.

si'al[ig] N: morning light, morning

ex: ... 'ab haha ab 'i cum ton g si'alig ... ... then as soon as the morning light started to
shine ...
ves si'alig 'ab AdvExpr: every morning
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si'alig/ si'i

si'alig vu Stat Expr: to be the early morning

ex: D(<vu) 'o 'i tsi'alig matt o hihi. It's the (our) morning we decided to leave. D(<vu)
'o tsi'alig matt heg 'am hab o ju:. It's the morning we decided to do that.

si'alig N [loc: si'alig-c-'e, si'alig-t-'amje]: east

ex: si'aligt'amje= from the east si'alig ta:gio= eastward(no motion) si'alig veco=
in the east (under the east).-- 'Im 'atp hab hi a(<va) hihi si'alig vui. They left going
eastward (I think).

si'alim Adv: this morning, in the morning; tomorrow

ex: Si'alim 'at ei. They sang this morning. Nt o mei si'alim. I'll see you tomorrow.
g hema si'alim Adv Expr: the day after tomorrow
ge si'alim Adv Expr: unusually early in the morning
ex: 'A k hebaiji ge si'alim 'in vo:po'o? Where could they possibly come from
(running or driving) so early in the morning?
vab 'i si'alim Adv Expr: right at daybreak, at dawn (same as vab 'i si'alimk)
ex: ia k ab 'i si'alim 'am da'ivu hega'i haje'e. Well, and at daybreak their mother got
out of there. ... b(<vab) 'i si'alim o me:! ... at daybreak start running! ...
mat ab 'i si'alim o 'emnam g 'o:b. .. that at daybreak the enemy will meet you(pl).

si'alim da:m juk Adv Expr: tomorrow noon

si'alim huunk Adv Expr: tomorrow evening

si'alimk Adv: early in the morning, at daybreak, at dawn

ex: Nt o a 'i si si'alimk ia si'alim. I'll wake up early tomorrow. Kut si'alimk ga hu o
'ehemapa ... At dawn they will gather here ... ... mamt si'alimk o eia, b 'i
scuhugamk 'amt o eia ... ... that you(pl) should wake up at dawn, when it's still dark
you(pl) wake up ...
vab 'i si'alimk Adv Expr: right at daybreak, dawn (same as vab 'i si'alim)
ex: ... b 'i si'alimk hi:. ... at dawn he left on foot. ... 'am o me: ab 'i si'alimk! ... run
there, at dawn!

si'al ke:k NExpr(?): daybreak (time when the morning light is standing)
ex: Si'al ke:k, vo hi:! At daybreak, go!

si'al-vui VComp subst intr: to die (to go east; see also vuagame and 'i:bhai ko'ime)
ex: Nt o si'al-vui. I am going to die (soon).

si'i Vtr [Neutr: def si:; indef si'i; hort si:-'i; imper sgs si'i-, pls si'i-vo. Correl: si'i-k;
immed: si'i-ka-'i. Compl: si'-ok; immed si'-oka-'i. Dur: si'i-d. Interr: si'i-him]: to suck obj
(breast or bottle)
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si'i/ si'iskol
ex: Si'i ves gi'ik 'o:la 'ab. He sucks it (the breast or bottle) every four hours. Ta a(<va)
'i si'i. He sucks for a long time. Ta 'at a(<va) si:. He sucked for a long time (long
enough). 'Ali 'at o si:. The child is going to suck (it). M 'at ab o 'i si'id. He will keep
on sucking (the breast or bottle). T o 'i si'ihi. He is going to be sucking (the breast or
bottle) off and on. Si'ik o koi. Having sucked (the breast or bottle), he will go to sleep.
-- Si'oka'ik o koi. He will fall asleep immediately after sucking it.

si'icud Vtr [Neutr: def si'ic; indef and hort si'icud. Dur: si'icuda-d]: to breast feed, to
nurse a child, to give a child the breast, or its bottle
ex: Napt si'ic? Did you feed it? Nt o si'ic g ma. I'll give the breast/ its bottle to my
baby. Si'icuda! Nurse it! No si'icud? Is she nursing it? Si'icud 'a. I am nursing
(my baby).

-si'ida in vipi-si'ida NComp aggreg: name of a flower

si'idag s- Stat: to suck the breast a lot (said of a baby)

ex: 'Ali ssi'idag. The baby sucks a lot.

si'idam N subst: one who sucks the breast continually

si'idkam s- N subst: one who sucks the breast a lot

Si'ihe, Si'iheg, Si'ihi, Si'ihig see N Si:s= Older Brother

si'ihegba, si'ihigba see N si:sba= deceased older sibling

si'iku N [distr: sisiku]: nipple; bottle

si'im s- V subst tr: to wish to suck the breast or a bottle

ex: Cum 'o ssi'im. He wants to suck (the breast or bottle)

si'imk s- Stat tr: to be desirous to suck the breast or a bottle

ex: Ssi'imk 'o. He wants to suck (the breast).

si'imkam s- N subst: one who wants to suck the breast or a bottle

si'isko see Adv siko= forming a circle

si'iskol see Adv sikol= circular, circularly
si'iskol[k]ag see sikol[k]ag= wheel of a specified entity
si'iskolk see Adj sikolk= round circular
si'iskolk see Stat sikolk= to be round, circular
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si'iskolka/ si:bamad

si'iskolka Vintr pls (for sgs see sikolka): to become round, circular

si'iskolk[a]d Vtr plo (for sgo see sikolk[a]d): to make obj get round, circular

si'iskol-vo:po'odam see NComp sikol-medam= wheel

si'ispulk see Stat sipulk= to form a pile

si'ispulk[a]d Vtr mult (for sing see sipulk[a]d): to form obj into piles (for entities
such as sand, dirt, ashes)
ex: Si'ispulkad 'a g jevu. I am making dirt piles.

si'ispulkda see N sipulkda= pile

si'isvok see Adj sivok= tuft-shaped
si'ok see Vtr si'i- = to suck (breast or bottle)

si:-

si: see Vtr si'i- = to suck (breast or bottle)

si:b see Vintr si:ba= to drizzle

si:ba Vintr [Neutr: def si:b; indef si:ba. Correl: si:ba-k; immed: si:ba-ka-'i. Dur:
si:bai-d. Interr: si:ba[i]-him]: to drizzle
ex: Ha'as 'at si:b. It stopped drizzling. T o si:b. It's going to start drizzling. B(<'ab)
'o si:bahim. It's drizzling this way. N(<'an) 'o ob(<vab) 'al si:ba. It's just drizzling
lightly. T ab o 'i si:baid. It will keep on drizzling for a while. T o 'ip si:baka'i. It
will drizzle (for a short while and stop).

si:ba N: drizzle

si:bamad Vtr [Neutr: def si:bamad]: to drizzle on obj

ex: Tk o tsi:bamad. It is going to drizzle on us. 'In ab 'at tsi:bamad. It just drizzled
lightly on us.

si:bamag[] s- Stat: to be spotted, dotted with spots of a certain color (said of a horse,
dog, or cow)
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si:bamag[]/ si:l-
ex: Kavyu ssi:bamag. The horse is dotted (either black or red spots on a white horse).
Scukuma ssi:bamag hega'i kavyu. That horse is dappled (blackly spotted).

si:bamag s- Adj: dotted, freckled

ex: ssi:bamag vuhioa= a freckled face

si:go N: one of the four gins tubes

si:go Adv: a throw of the gins tubes scoring fourteen points (si:go face up and the three
other tubes face down)

si:go Vintr [Neutr: def and indef si:go. Dur: si:go-d]: to throw the gins tubes with si:go
face up and the three other tubes face down.

si:kig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of Sonora white tail deer in a single location

si:k N aggreg indiv [pl: sisk]: Sonora white tail deer

si:l (Span: silla) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg si:li-j; loc: si:l-t-'aba'i); pl: sisil]: saddle
ex: vapkialga hasisil= my cowboys' (their) saddles

si:l Stat sing [mult: sisil]: to have a saddle

ex: Scuk 'a si:l. I have a black saddle.

si:l[a]d Vtr sgo [Neutr: def and hort si:lad; imper sgs: si:lda-]: to saddle obj (same
as hogi[a]d)
ex: Nt o si:lad g noiga. I'll saddle my horse. Si:lda g 'eoiga! Saddle your horse!

si:lag Stat sgs: to be saddled, to have a saddle on (same as hogiag)

ex: Kavyu 'an ge si:lag. The horse has a saddle on.

si:lim/ si:lkam N subst sing: one with a saddle

Cuk Si:lim NComp(?): a nickname (One-with-a-black-saddle)

si:l[]cud Vdtr sing [Neutr: def si:lc; hort si:lcud]: to make a saddle for somebody out
of obj

si:l-mo'o N Comp alien/ inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: n-si:l-mo'o[=ga]; loc: si:l-mo'o-t-
'an); pl: sisil-mo:m]: saddle horn

Si:l Nagiak NExpr: name of a village (where a saddle is hanging)

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Si:lt/ si:skidaku

si:lt Vtr sing: to make a saddle out of obj

si:ltadkam s- N subst: one who is good at making a saddle

si:ltdag s- Stat: to be good at making a saddle

si:ltdam N subst: a saddle maker

si:mun Vtr [Neutr: def si:mu; hort si:mun]: to hoe obj (same as sikon)

si:nju (Span: cincha) N: cinch

si:nko see N sigo: nickel

si:pu N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg si:pua-j); pl: sisipu]: buttocks, rump

si:pu Stat sgs: to have buttocks, a rump, a seat

si:s N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg si:si-j); pl: si:sig/ si:si'a/ si:si'ag]: older sibling, older
cousin; great-great-grandchild (in both cases the reciprocal term is e:pij)

Si:s/ Si'ihe/ Si'iheg/ Si'ihig/ Si'ihi N inalien[1st pers pl t-Si:s]: Older Brother
(terms applied to 'I'itoi, the cultural hero)

si:sba/ si'ihegba/ si'ihigba N inalien sg: deceased older sibling, cousin

si:sig/ si:si'a/ si:si'ag see N si:s= older sibling or cousin; great-great-grandchild

si:sig/ si:si'a/ si:si'ag 'e- N: a pair of siblings or cousins (same as 'e-si:sim)

si:sim 'e- N: a pair of siblings or cousins (same as 'e-si:sig)

si:sk Vintr [Neutr: def and indef si:sk]: to rustle, to make a rustling, swishing noise
ex: Ha'as a(<va) si:sk. It stopped rustling. B(<vab) 'am 'i si:sk hega'i ha'icu hahu:c.
They are just making a rustling noise, those claws.

si:skid Vtr [Neutr: def si:sk; indef and hort si:skid. Dur: si:skida-d]: to sift, screen, obj
ex: Nt o si:sk g 'o'o. I'll sift the sand. Si:skida g 'o'o! Sift the sand! Si:skid 'o g
'o'o. He is sifting sand.

si:skidaku N: sieve, screen for sand

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si:sk/ si:voda

si:sk see Vtr si:skid= to sift, screen obj

si: (dial: si:o) N indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: si:a-j); pl: sisi]: elbow

si: see Vtr si:p= to nail/ pin obj in one place

si:c semi Stat reflex sing (for mult see 'e-sisic): to have one's elbow on something

si:p Vtr Unit (for Repet see sixap) sing (for mult see sisip) [Neutr: def si:; hort
si:p[]; imper sgs: si:pa-/ si:pi-. Compl: si:p-ok; immed si:p-oka-'i]: to nail, pin obj
in one place
ex: Nt o si: g picture 'ab ki:t'ab. I'll pin the picture on the wall. Nt o si: g 'ipu. I'll
hold my skirt together (with a safety pin). N(<'an) g si:p! Hold it to gether (with a
safety pin)! M(<'am) g 'u:pam si:p! Nail it back in place (the way it was before).
B(<'ab) g si:p! Put a nail in (to hold it in place)! Nt o 'ip si:pok g 'ipu! Let me
first finish putting my shirt together (with a safety pin)!

si:paku N indiv [pl: sisipaku]: safety pin

si:pid Vdtr sing (for mult see sisipid) [Neutr: def si:p; hort si:pid]: to nail/ pin obj
in one place for somebody
ex: Nt o si:p g atoaj g 'ali. I'll pin the (his) diapers of the child. B(<'ab) g nsi:pid!
Could you pin it (together) for me!

si:p see Vdtr si:pid= to nail/ pin obj in one place for somebody

si:p[] Stat sing [mult: sisip]: to be nailed, pinned with one pin/ nail
ex: Svinma si:p. It's firmly pinned (to something). B(<'ab) 'o 'e'ab sisip. They are
pinned together (with several pins).

si:voda/ si:vodag N inalien [sg (3rd pers sg: si:voda-j); pl/distr: sis[i]voda/
sis[i]vodag]: something sticking in one's hair (such as a feather); topnot of feathers (such
as that of a quail); rays of the sun
ex: ... 'am hab bei g ogivulij c g 'etonlig, 'esisivodag, ghekaj si daghiunk 'am ma: hega'i
'o'odham. ... (Sun) took his (the man's) kicking ball and having rubbed it with his light,
his rays, he gave it to that fellow.
ha'icu 'a'an si:voda[g] NExpr alien indiv: headdress with feathers
ba'ag-'a'an si:voda[g] NExpr alien indiv: headdress with eagle feathers
ta sisvoda[g] NExpr: sun rays at sunrise or sunset

si:voda/ si:vodag Stat sgs [pls: sis[i]voda/ sis[i]vodag]: to have a topknot of feathers
(such as a quail); to have a headdress with bird feathers
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si:voda/ skegam
ex: Kakaicu 'an ge si:voda. A quail has a topknot of feathers. Kakaicu 'an ge sisvoda.
Quails have top knots of feathers.
ba'ag-'a'an si:vodag Stat Expr: to have a headdress of eagle feathers
ex: Ba'ag-'a'an 'a si:vodag. I have a headdress of eagle feathers (on my head).

si:vodacug Vtr sgs [Neutr: indef si:vodacug]: to be wearing a headdress (with some
kind of bird's feathers)
ex: 'An si:vodacug g ba'ag-'a'an. He is wearing a headdress with eagle feathers.

si:vodat Vtr [Neutr: def si:vodat]: to make a headdress out of obj

ex: Nt o hema si:vodat. I'll make a headdress (out of it). Nt hascu 'un(<'an) o si:vodat?
With what am I going to make a headdress?

si:'i see Vtr si'i= to suck the breast or bottle

sj-

sje:jeg N mass: lace

ex: Nt o ho(<ha) bei g sje:jeg. I'll get some lace.
sje:jeg-pualt NComp indiv [pl: sje:jeg pupualt]: door screen
sje:jeg-vainom NComp indiv: metallic screen
sje:jeg-vinda NComp indiv [pl: sje:jeg-vipinda]: window screen
ex: Msje:jeg-vinda 'o sbi:tag. Your window screen is filthy.

sje:jeg N aggreg: pieces of lace

sjuhu'ujul in 'al cem sjuhu'ujul 'o'ohoag NExpr: name of a basket design

(little zigzag design)

sjuhu'ujul 'o'ohoag NExpr: name of a basket design (zigzag design)

sk-

skaidam-iokdam NComp indiv [pl: skaidam-eiokdam]: loud speaker

skegam in ha'icu skegam NExpr: a boy (old Expression no longer in use)

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skegam/ stoacu

skegam in vu ha'icu skegam Stat Expr: to be a boy

ex: Tp u o ha'icu skegamk ... If it is a boy ...

skegcu N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg n-skegcu=ga); pl: skekegcu]: sweetheart

Skekeligk N subst: name of a village (where-there-are-lots-of-old-men)

Ski:kigk N subst: Phoeni (where-there-are-lots-of-houses)

ex: 'Am 'o ki: Ski:kigk 'am. He lives in Phoenix.

Skok[o]jigk N subst: name of a village (where-there-are-lots-of-pigs)

sko'ok maad NExpr: the month of May (painful moon)

sn-

snamkig ha'icu N Expr: valuable things

snaumadkam-u:dag NComp(?): liquor (same as snoagigam u:dag)

snoagigam-u:dag NComp(?): liquor (same as snaumadkam u:dag)

so:-

so:la (Engl: soda) N alien mass: soda

st-

stoacu (elis of *stohacu) N alien indiv [pl: sto:tacu]: dime, ten cents
go:k-sto:tacu NComp alien [1st pers sg -go:k-sto:tacu=ga]: two dimes
vaik-sto:tacu NComp alien [1st pers sg -vaik-sto:tacu=ga]: three dimes
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stoacuga/ s'ap-

stoacuga Stat sg [pl: sto:tacuga]: to have a dime

go:k-sto:tacuga Stat Comp: to have two dimes
ex: Nap ge go:k-sto:tacuga? Do you have two dimes?

sto maad NExpr [loc: sto maad 'e]: the month of June (hot moon)

s-to'otbid ia VExpr tr: to look at obj out of the corner of one's eyes

sto'otbid 'o'ohoag NExpr: name of a basket design (twisted design)

sto:ta in NComp: (so many) dimes

gi'ik-sto:ta NComp four dimes
go:k-sto:ta NComp two dimes
vaik-sto:ta NComp three dimes
ex: 'I ma:k g vaik-sto:ta! Give me three dimes!

sto:tacu see stoacu= dime

sto:tacuga see stoacuga= to have a dime

Sto:ta-Hiosigam NComp(?): name of a girl (one with white flowers)

su:-

su:na[s] N alien aggreg: fig

s'a-

s'ap[k] 'e [g 'o:la] Adv Expr: on time

s'ap-':vcu NComp mass alien [2nd pers sg m-s'ap-':vcu=ga]: perfume (same as

s'u:vcu)
ex: Shoho'id g ms'ap-'u:vcuga. I like your perfume. N(<'an) g ha 'iava g s'ap-'u:vcu
nnovi 'an. Pour some perfume on my hand.
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s'ap-/ S'u'am-

s'ap-':vcu NComp aggreg: bottle of perfume

ex: Nt o a hema bei g s'ap-':vcu. I'll get a bottle of perfume. Nt o ha'i hanolot g s'ap-
':vcu. I'll buy a few bottles of perfume.

s'i-

s'i'ovi-vihol NComp: sweet peas

s'i'ov-cecemait NComp aggreg: cookies

ex: Nt o ha'i hu: g s'i'ov-cecemait. I'll eat a few cookies.

s'o-

s'o'oi-mu: NComp aggreg: pinto beans

s'u-

s'uamcu N alien indiv [sg( 1st pers sg: n-s'u'amcu=ga); pl: s'u'amcu; distr: s'u'amcu]:
penny
ex: Ha'i ve:c g s'u'amcu 'an mi:sa da:m. There are some pennies on the table.

s'uamma sce:dag Adv Expr [pl: s'uamma scehedag]: yellow-green blue

[s]'uam maad NExpr: the month of April (yellow moon)

[S]'uam-uv NComp(?): a mythological character (Yellow Buzzard)

s'uam 'u:v Stat Expr sgs: to stink, smell of feces

ex: S'uam 'o 'u:v g 'u:pio. A skunk stinks.

s'u'am-cu'igam NComp(?): phlegm, catarrh (yellow substance)

S'u'am-Hiosigam NComp(?): name of a girl (one-with-yellow-flowers)

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s'u:vcu/ akalva

s'u:vcu N alien mass: perfume (same as s'ap-':vcu)

ex: Shoho'id 'a g ms'u:vcuga. I like your perfume. N(<'an) g ha 'iava g s'u:vcu nnov
'an! Pour some perfume on my hand!

s'u:vcu N aggreg alien: bottle of perfume (same as s'ap-u:vcu)

ex: Nt o a hema bei g s'u:vcu. I'll get one bottle of perfume. Nt o hanolot g s'u:vcu. I'll
buy some bottles of perfume.

a-

a Part: without 'i: some, somewhat, rather, kind of; with 'i: really, a lot, pretty much
ex: Haha'asij a(<)va) mo g gogs, baba hi a gavul ma:s. They (coyotes) are the same size
as a dog, but (I think) they look somewhat different.--a 'ap a(<va) lo:gog! You are kind
of crazy!-- Voho 'ont(<'ant) a 'i bihugim. I a really quite hungry.-- Pi 'o a 'i voho. It is
not at all true.

ai see Vtr a:d= to chase obj to where one wants it to go

akaickdag in ha'icu akaickdag NExpr: comb, crest (as that of a chicken)

cucul-akaickdag NComp(?): comb of a chicken

akaickdaj N inalien sg: comb, crest of a specified animal (its comb, crest)

akal Adv [distr: a'akal]: sideways, side by side, in a row

ex: akal hihim. They are walking side by side (in one row). akal ve:c. They are
lying side by side (boxes).-- akal 'apt o 'i 'e'ulink 'am o 'i va:! Squeeze in sideways!
a'akal hihim. They are walking in several rows. a'akal cu:c. They are standing
sideways (cards in a filing box).

akalk Stat [sing (Neutr: indef akalk); mult: a'akalk]: to be side by side in one row

akalva Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see a'akalva) [Neutr: def akalva. Interr: akalvu-
him]: to stagger sideways
ex: akalva 'ant. I staggered sideways. akalvuhim 'o. He is staggering sideways (as a
drunk).
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aliv/ aaig

aliv N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg alvi-j); pl: aaliv; distr: aaliv]: a pair of pants
hog-aliv NComp inalien indiv [pl: hohog-aaliv]: a pair of chaps (leather pants)
veco-aliv NComp inalien indiv: a pair of shorts (underwear for men)

aliv Stat sing [mult: aaliv]: to have a pair of pants

ex: Scuk aliv 'a. I have a pair of black pants. Scuk aaliv 'a. I have several pairs of
black pants.

alivcud Vdtr sing (for mult see aalivcud) [Neutr: def alivc; hort alivcud]: to
make a pair of pants for somebody with obj
ex: Nt o malivc. I'll make you a pair of pants (with it).

aliv vuaku NExpr: something used as a belt for one's pants

aliv vuaku vu Stat Expr: to be something used as a belt for one's pants
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) alvij vuaku. That's what he uses as a belt for his pants.

amk- Vintr unit [Neutr: def am. Interr: amk-him]: to make a rustling noise (as
something moving through dry leaves) once or in a continuous way
ex: Ha'as a(<va) am. The rustling noise stopped (it stopped rustling).

amke Vintr [Neutr: indef amke. Dur: amke-d. Interr: amke-him]: to make reiterated
rustling noises
ex: Ha'icu amke. There is something that makes a reiterated rustling noise (it makes a
rustling noise and stops and makes the noise again).

aaig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-a'ig): to be full of trash in various locations
ex: Saaig 'an haki:k 'o'oidk. It's full of trash outside their houses.

aaliv see N aliv= a pair of pants

aaliv see Stat aliv= to have a pair of pants

aalivcud Vdtr mult (for sing see alivcud) [Neutr: def aalivc; hort aalivcud]: to
make a pair of pants for somebody with obj
ex: Nt o maalivc. I'll make you several pairs of pants (with it).

aa N alien aggreg: blackbird, dwarf cowbird

aaig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-aaig): to be full of blackbirds in a
single location
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aav/ avinog

aav Vintr [Neutr: def aav. Interr: aav-him]: to echo

ex: T o aav. It will echo. aavhim 'o. It is echoing.

aavku see N avku= gourd rattle

aavk Stat: there is an echo somewhere

ex: No aavk 'ama'i? Is there an echo down there?

aavk N subst: name of a village, Sasabe (place where there is an echo)

ada Vtr Repet (for Unit see a:d) [Neutr: indef ada. Dur: ada-d]: to make obj go
where one wants it to go repeatedly, to herd obj repeatedly
ex: Pt o 'i haadad g haiva 'am vavhai vui! You will be taking the cows to the well
repeatedly.

ada N inalien aggreg: that (such as a cow or a herd) which one repeatedly takes where
one wants it to go

ak Vtr Repet (for Unit see a:k) [Neutr: indef ak. Dur: aka-d]: to take a handful of
obj repeatedly

akaidcud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-akaidc; hort 'e-akaidcud]: to turn (oneself) into a
mirage
ex: 'Eakaidc. He turned into a mirage.

akaidt Vintr [Neutr: def akaidt. Interr: akaidta-him]: to become a mirage

ex: akaidt 'atk. There is a mirage. akaidtahim 'o. A mirage is in the process of
forming itself.

akaij N: mirage

akud (redupl of *a:kud) Vreflex tr [Neutr: def and indef 'e-akud]: to pass handfuls
of obj to each other
ex: 'Eakud g lu:lsi. They passed handfuls of candy to each other. 'Eakudahim g
lu:lsi. They are passing handfuls of candy to each other.

aaliv see N aliv= a pair of pants

aaig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-aaig): to be full of blackbirds in
various locations

avinog see Stat s-avinog= to be of roan color

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av/ avku

av Vtr [Neutr: def hort and indef av; imper sgs ava-. Dur: ava-d]: to shake obj (as of
a gourd rattle)
ex: T o avad g avku. He is going to be shaking the gourd rattle. av 'o g avku.
He is shaking the gourd rattle.

avak Adj sg [pl: a'avak]: thick around

ex: Ge avak u 'o'odham. He is an unusually big (thick around) fellow. Nt o 'i
ce:vim g ma:gina g avak vijinakaj. I'll tow the car with a thick rope.

avak Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef avak); pls: a'avak]: to be thick around
ex: Ha'as 'i a'avak g 'u'us c 'an ve:c. The logs are quite thick and they are lying there.

avaka Vintr sgs (for pls see a'avaka) [Neutr: def avaka. Interr: avaka-him]:
to become thick around

avakad Vtr sgo (for plo see a'avakad): to make obj become thick around

avancud (dial: avanculid) Vdtr [Neutr: def avan/ avancul; hort

avancud/avanculid]: to look for obj (such as a horse that one has let loose) for
somebody

avant Vtr [Neutr: def avant. Interr: avanta-him]: to look for obj (such as of a horse
that one has let loose)
ex: avantahim 'a g nooiga. I was looking for my horses. Nt o 'i haavantahi g
nooiga. I'll be looking for my horses (with interruptions).

avantame Vtr Unit sgs (for pls see avantop) [Neutr: def avantam; hort
avantame]: to go and look for obj (such as of a horse that one has let loose)

avantop Vtr pls (for sgs see avantame) [Neutr: def avanto]: to go and look for
obj (such as of a horse that one has let loose)

avino N: a roan horse

avinog s- Stat sgs [pls: s-avinog]: to be of roan color

ex: 'I:da'a kavyu savinog. This horse is a roan.

avku N inalien indiv [pl: aavku]: gourd rattle

avku Stat sing: to have a gourd rattle

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avkucud/ a'akalk

avkucud Vdtr sing [Neutr: def avkuc; hort avkucud]: to make a gourd rattle
for somebody out of obj

avkut Vtr sing: to make a gourd rattle out of obj

avo (Span: sabn) N alien: soap

ex: Stotagig g avo. Soap is full of lather.

a'ak Adj sg: forked, crotched

ex: a'ak vonom= a hat with a crease in the middle of the crown (like a cowboy hat)

a'ak Stat reflex [sing (Neutr: def 'e-a'ak); mult: 'e-a'aa'ak]: to be forked, to form
a fork
ex: 'U:s 'ea'ak. The tree is forked. Vo:g 'i 'i(<'e)a'ak. The road is forked.

a'algi N indiv: brace for carrying basket (a forked stick used to brace the carrying
basket and make it stand)

a'alk N indiv [pl: a'aa'alk]: mountain pass

a'alk Stat sing: to have a pass (said of a mountain)

ex: No 'on(<'an) ge a'alk? Does it have a pass? 'Ab 'al a'alk 'aba'i. It has a kind of a
pass.

a'aagid see Postp a:gid= between/ among obj

a'aagig see N a:gig= ravine, gulch

a'aagig s- Stat impers distr: to be full of gulches here and there

a'aa'ak see Stat reflex 'e-a'ak= to be forked, to form a fork

a'aa'ak s- Stat: to be full of forks, branches

ex: Hascu 'utp(<'atp) u 'u:s c ge sa'aa'ak. It was a tree and it had an unusual amount
of branches.

a'aa'alk see N a'alk= mountain pass

a'akak N alien aggreg: a variety of squash with ribs

a'akal see Adv akal= sideways

a'akalk see Stat akalk= to be side by side in one row
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a'akalva/ a'iga

a'akalva Vintr Unit pls (for sgs see akalva) [Neutr: def a'akalva. Interr:
a'akalvu-him]: to stagger sideways

a'avak see Adj avak= thick around

a'avak see Stat avak= to be thick around

a'avaka Vintr pls (for sgs see avaka) [Neutr: def a'avaka. Interr: a'avaka-
him]: to become thick around

a'avakad Vtr plo (for sgo see avakad): to make obj become thick around

a'i N alien aggreg: hay, bale of hay

ex: Nt o vu: g a'i. I'll tie the hay into a bale. Nt o vu:p g a'i. I'll tie the hay into bales.
G hu ha'o'olap g a'i. He is over there hooking bales of hay.

a'i N alien aggreg: trash

ex: 'Am 'ac 'iava g ta'iga. We empty our trash down there. M(<'am) 'at o ho(<ha)'iav
g a'i. (I hear that) he is going to be a trash collector (empty trash for people).

a'ic see Vtr a'icud= to hang obj on to something

a'icud Vtr sgo (for plo see a:a'icud) [Neutr: def a'ic; hort a'icud]: to hang obj on
to something, to put on obj (a ring or a bracelet)
ex:.. gm hu a'ic gn hu 'u:gk. ..he hung it (the artificial moon) way up there (in the sky).
..'emo'o gam si 'elkonk 'in hu ab a'ic 'ekuo 'ana'i. ..he had scalped his own head and
hung (the scalp) around his own neck. N(<'an) g hu a'icud! Hang it on there!

a'icudacud Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def a'icudac; hort a'icudacud]: to put obj (such as a ring
or bracelet) around somebody's finger or arm
ex: N(<'an) 'ant o ma'icudac. I'll put it on you (a ring around your finger, a bracelet
around your arm). N(<'an) g na'icudacud! Put it on me!

a'icudc semi Stat tr sgo (for plo see a:a'icudc) [Neutr: indef a'icudc. Dur:
a'icudci-d]: to have obj (such as a ring or a bracelet) on
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) hekid g 'ailo 'on(<'an) hu a'icudc. I never wear a ring. 'Ailo
'ont(<'ant) 'an o a'icudcid. I'll be wearing a ring.

a'ig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-aaig): to be full of trash in one location
ex: Sa'ig 'am mki: 'am. It's full of trash in your house.

a'iga Stat: to have trash; to have hay

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a'iga/ a:

a'iga s- Stat: to have a lot of trash, to have a lot of hay

a'i-ki: NComp: grass house (sacred house)

a'i-ki:t VComp tr: to make a grass house (sacred house) out of obj

a'iva Vintr sgs [Neutr: def and hort a'iva]: to get caught, stuck (in/ on something)
ex: Cevag 'an gahi a'iva do'agt'an. The cloud got caught along the mountain ridge.

a'ivcud Vtr sgo [Neutr: def a'ivc; hort a'ivcud]: to get obj stuck (on to something)
ex: Hevel vi'ickva g 'e:kcudaku k gm hu a'ivc. The wind blew the umbrella away and
got it stuck (on to something) over there.

a'i-vulim NComp alien indiv [sg (loc: a'i-vulim-c-'e, a'i-vulim-t-'ab); pl: a'i-
vu:pulim]: bale of hay
ex: Hegam a'i-vu:pulim 'an o mo:to'i g tlo:gi mat 'i o mel! Load those bales of hay on the
truck that will come here!

a:-

a:(-) Pr (interrogative): what, how? (see also has)

ex: a: 'o ce:gig? What is his name? a: 'o cecegig? What are their names? a:p
ce:gig? What is your(sg) name? a: 'o 'e'a'aga 'O'odhamaj? How is it called in
'O'odham? a: 'o ma:s u 'o'odham? What kind of a man is he (what does he look
like)? a: 'o ma:s 'ikus? What kind of a poncho has he? (what does his poncho look
like)? a: 'o ma:s ceposig hega'i ha'iva? What kind of brand does that cow have?
a:p ma:s ceposig? What kind of a brand do you have (what does your brand look like)?
a: 'o (<vu) mju? /K has u mju? How is he related to you? a:p u ju:ij?
How are you related to him? a: 'o kaij? What does he say? a:m 'evua? What do
you(pl) usually do? a:pt 'eju:? What did you(sg) do? a:t 'eju: m(<'am) 'u(<'o)
a(<va) s'ape. It does not matter, it's fine. a:nt hu o 'i nju:? What am I going to do?
a: 'o masma 'eku'a? How is it eaten? a:p masma hab vua? How do you(sg) do it?
Pt 'oi 'am o 'a:g, a:nt masma hab o ju:? You tell me, how am I going to do it? a:pt
masma hab o cei 'O'odhamaj? How will you say that in 'O'odham?

a: see Vtr a:k= to take a handful of obj

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a:cu/ a:ga

a:cu Pr (interrogative) [instr: a:cu-kaj]: what? (see also hascu)

ex: a:cu 'u(<'o) (<vu) cihaig 'i:ya'a? What is the law here? a:cu 'u(<'o) 'ep? What
else (is that all)? a:cu 'u(<'o) (<vu) hega'i? What is that? a:cu 'upt(<'apt) o hu:?
What will you eat? a:cu 'up(<'ap) hab 'a:g? What do you mean? a:cu 'up(<'ap)
seidam? What would you like to see? a:cu 'u(<'a) ge eid hemu 'unt(<'ant) 'i
a(<va) mel? What could I have seen, I have just come back (either running or in a car).
a:cu 'upt(<'apt) 'ab o 'i nnako? What could you do to me? (I don't think you'll be able to
do anything to me) a:cukaj 'o 'om(<'am) ki:dag? What does he live on? a:cukaj
'ap ta:t g moho? With what do you(sg) split beargrass?

a:d Vtr Unit (for Repet see ada) [Neutr: def ai; hort a:d; imper sgs a:da-. Correl:
a:d-k; immed: a:d-ka-'i. Compl: a:d-ok; immed: a:d-oka-'i. Interr: a:da-him.]: to
chase obj to where one wants to go, to herd obj
ex: Nt o 'i haai g haiva k 'ep o jiva. I'll take the cows there and will come back. Gm
'at hu 'i haai g haiva vavhai vui. He took the cows to the well. 'I g haa:d 'am vavhai
vui! Take them to the well! 'I 'a haa:dahimc ga hu o 'i'ic. I am taking them there
(right now) to water them. Pt o a:dahid! Be making it go where you want it to go
(your horse)! Nt o 'ip 'i haa:dok. I'll make them go there first (before doing anything
else). Mat hema 'am o haa:dahid ha'icu, haiva 'o g kakavyu... When one herds
something along, as cattle or horses ...

a:da N inalien aggreg: that (such as a cow or a herd) which one is in the process of
taking where one wants it to go
ex: Na:da pi himk va:n hab a 'i ke:k. That which I am in the process of taking where I
want it to go (a cow) refuses to walk and is standing way up there (on a hillock).
Na:da pi hihimk va:n hab a 'i gegok. These which I am in the process of taking where I
want them to go (cows) refuse to walk and are standing way up there.

a:dacug Vtr [Neutr: indef a:dacug. Dur: a:dacuga-d]: to be chasing obj to where one
wants it to go while moving (as a cowboy chasing a cow on horseback)
ex: Haa:dacug 'o. He is chasing them. Pt o a:dacugad! Be chasing it there!

a: N alien aggreg [3rd pers sg a:=ga-j]: wild onion

ex: Nt o 'u'am g a:. I'll go and pick wild onions.

a:ag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of wild onions in a single location

a:ame Vtr Unit sgs [Neutr: def a:am; hort a:ame]: to go after wild onions
ex: Nt o a:am. I'll go after wild onions.

a:ga Stat: to have wild onions

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a:gam/ a:kimag

a:gam N subst: a place where there are wild onions

a:gid Postp [distr: a'aagid]: between, among, obj

ex: 'Am haa:gid him. He is walking between them. 'An haa:gid ke:k. It is standing
between them (something between books on a shelf). ... 'am pilka haa:gid ... among
the wheat Pi 'o (<vu) a 'i cemcu 'am haa:gid. He is not the smallest among them.
B(<vab) 'i 'ea:gid va:ks g mo'oj. His hair is tangled up (inserted among itself).
Haa'aagid vapkhim. He is making his way through the crowd (in the midst of them).

a:gig N indiv [pl: a:[a]gig; distr: a'aagig]: ravine, gulch made by running water (not
as big as 'ak)

a:gig Stat impers Unit: there is a ravine/ gulch somewhere

ex: ... c 'ab ge sju:kam a:gig. ... and unexpectedly there was a deep gulch there.

a:k- Vtr Unit (for Repet see ak) sgs (for pls see a:k) [Neutr: def a:; hort a:k;
imper sgs a:ki-/a:ka-. Correl: a:-k; immed: a:-ka-'i. Interr: a:k[i]-him]: to take a
handful of obj in one's hand
ex: Napt 'am ha'i a:? Did you take a handful of them?-- Pi 'int(<'ant) 'am hu ha'i a:. I did
not take a handful of them. ... mapt 'am o a: 'i:da'a kaij. ... (I want you to) take a
handful of the (its) seeds of this. ... mat 'am himk 'ab a: mo'oj da:m. ... he went there
and took a handful of hair on top of his head. M g a:k! (Why don't you/sg) take a
handful of it/them! Pi g 'an hu a:k! Don't take a handful of it/them! a:ka'ik him!
Having taken a handful of it/them go!

a:ka'i see Vtr a:k-= to take a handful of obj

a:kc semi Stat tr sgs (for pls see a:kc): to have a handful of obj in one's hand
ex: a:kc g kaij. He is holding a handful of the (its) seeds.

a:kcug Vtr sgs [Neutr: indef a:kcug]: to be carrying a handful of obj in one's hand
ex: 'U'adc 'a a:kcug. I am carrying a handful of it/them.

a:kim N inalien indiv [pl: a:kim]: hackamore (a rope or strap going around the nose
of a horse)

a:kim[a]d Vtr sgo [Neutr: def and hort a:kimad]: to put a hackamore on obj
ex: Pt o a:kimad! Put the hackamore on it!

a:kimag Stat sgs: to have a hackamore on

ex: Kavyu ge a:kimag. The horse has a hackamore on (unexpectedly).
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a:kimt/ a:mtaku

a:kimt Vtr sing [Neutr: def and hort a:kimt]: to make a hackamore with obj
ex: Nt o hema a:kimt. I'll make a hackamore (with it).

a:ko see hasko

a:kud/ a:kod Vdtr [Neutr: def and hort a:kud]: to pass a handful of obj to
somebody
ex: Nt o ha'i ma:kud. I'll pass you a handful of them (sweets, cookies). a:kuda/
a:koda! Pass him a handful of it/them!

a:kum- Vtr sgs (for pls see a:kum-) [Interr: a:kuma-him. Dur: a:kuma-d]: to put
obj in the palm of one's hand
ex: Ce'unc a:kumahim. As he picks them up one by one, he puts them in the palm of his
hand. Ce'unk o a:kumahid! Pick them up one by one and put them in the palm of your
hand! 'an ha'u'ihidc ab haa:kumadc ... As he (the eagle) kept catching them (the
arrows) one by one, and just putting them in the palm of his hand ...

a:kumc semi Stat tr sgs [Neutr: indef a:kumc. Dur: a:kumci-d]: to have obj in the
palm of one's hand.

a:m see Vintr a:mu= to make a rustling noise

a:m see VExpr intr pi a:mu= to become quiet

a:mcud Vdtr [Neutr: def a:m; hort a:mcud]: to make bricks with obj for somebody

a:mt N alien aggreg: bricks/ blocks used in constructing a house

ex: Nt o ha'i hanolot g a:mt. I'll buy some bricks.
hodai-cu'i-a:mt NComp aggreg: cement block(s)
hohodai-a:mt NComp aggreg: undressed stone, rubble
jevu-a:mt NComp aggreg: adobe brick(s)
s-bai-a:mt NComp aggreg: red brick(s)

a:mt Vtr [Neutr: def a:mt. Interr: a:mta-him]: to make bricks out of obj
ex: Nt o ha'i a:mt. I'll make some bricks. a:mtahim 'a. I am in the process of
making bricks.

a:mta N inalien aggreg: bricks in the process of being made

ex: Vamhu 'ut(<'at) g na:mta. My bricks (in the process of being made) got soaked.

a:mtaku N: form used in making adobe bricks

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a:mud/ a:agid

a:mud Vtr [Neutr: def, hort and indef a:mud. Interr: a:muda-him. Dur: a:muda-d]:
to shoo obj away or on; to cast off obj (a wife)
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)a:mud g mumuval. I'll shoo the flies away. 'am hab haha 'i cum
a:mud hega'i vu:lo. ..then they tried in vain to shoo that donkey onward. a:muda!
Shoo it away! Ha-'an-a:mud g mumuval. I am shooing the flies away. Na:mud 'o.
They don't want me anymore. Pt o a:mudahid! Keep shooing it on (with
interruptions)! Na:mud 'at g Jons. Johnny repudiated me (does not want me any more)

a:mud Vtr sgs (for pls see a:mud) [Neutr: def, hort and indef a:mud. Correl:
a:mud-k; immed: a:mud-ka-'i. Compl: a:mud-ok; immed: a:mud-oka-'i. Dur:
a:muda-d]: to shake obj (in order to remove something, such as dust, sand, from it)
ex: 'E'ipu 'an 'i cum a:mud. She tried to shake her skirt. Gam g hu 'i a:mud
jegk 'ea! Shake it (a tablecloth, a sheet) outside! Pt o 'i a:mudad g 'eli:va! Be shaking
your coat (before you come in the house)!

a:mud Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-a:mud) [Neutr: def hort and indef 'e-a:mud]: to
shake oneself (to remove something such as dust/ sand from one's clothes)
ex: 'I 'i(<'e)a:mud, (<vu) 'ap ab 'i jevu! Shake yourself, you are full of dust!

a:mudaku in mumuval haa:mudaku NExpr: rag used to shoo away flies

a:mudam N: a bush

a:mudam Vo'o NExpr(?): a place name (Pond of the a:mudam bush)

a:muddam N subst in NExpr: one(s) that continually shoo(s) something away

gogogs haa:muddam NExpr aggreg: one(s) shooing dogs away (at a feast)
mumuval haa:muddam NExpr aggreg: one(s) shooing flies away (while other
people are eating)

a:mu/ a:ma Vintr [Neutr: indef a:mu. Interr: a:mu-him. Dur: a:mui-d]: to
make a rustling noise
ex: a:mu g 'u'us. Bushes make a rustling noise. a:muhim 'o. It/they are making a
rustling noise (interrupted)
pi a:mu VExpr intr [Neutr: indef pi a:mu. Dur: pi a:mui-d. Interr: pi a:mui-
him]: to be quiet
ex: B(<vab) gm hu 'i pi a:mu. It is completely quiet. Pi g a:muid! Don't
make any noise! M g ab 'i pi a:muid! Be quiet! M g o ob(<vab) 'i pi
a:muid! Be quiet! B(<vab) gm hu 'i pi a:muihim. It was completely quiet.

a: see Vtr a:k= to take a handful of obj

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a:agid/ a:mud

a:agid Vtr [Neutr: indef a:ag; hort a:agid]: to mix obj together

a:agid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-a:ag]: to become mixed together

ex: Si 'itk(<'atk) 'ea:ag g mo'oj (g sto:takaj). His hair got grey (mixed with white
hair).

a:[a]gig see N a:gig= ravine, gulch

a:ag[] Stat reflex: to be mixed together (same as 'e-'iolags)

ex: 'E-'o-a:ag. They are mixed together. 'Ea:ag g s'u'am c sto:ta. The yellow and
white ones are mixed together.

a:a'icud Vtr plo (for sgo see a'icud) [Neutr: def a:a'ic; hort a:a'icud]: to hang
obj on to something, to put on obj (bracelets or rings)
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)a:a'ic g o:oba kc g 'a'ailo 'ep. I'll put on bracelets and rings too. N
g hu a:a'icud! Hang them up (put them on)!

a:a'icudc semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see a'icudc) [Neutr: indef a:a'icudc. Dur:
a:a'icudci-d]: to have obj (such as rings or bracelets) on
ex: Mu'i 'in(<'an) haa:a'icudc. She is wearing lots of them (rings or bracelets).
'A'ailo 'ont(<'ant) 'an o a:a'icudcid. I'll be wearing rings.

a:k Vtr pls (for sgs see a:k-) [Neutr: def a:; hort a:k]: to take a handful of obj in
one's hand
ex: Pi g o 'om(<'am) hu a:k! Don't take a handful of it/them!

a:kc semi Stat tr pls (for sgs see a:kc): to have a handful of obj in one's hand

a:kum- Vtr pls (for sgs see a:kum-) [Interr: a:kum-him. Dur: a:kuma-d]: to put
obj in the palm of one's hand

a:mud Vtr pls (for sgs see a:mud) [Neutr: def hort and indef a:mud. Dur:
a:muda-d]: to shake obj in order to remove something (such as dust, sand) from them
ex: Mt o 'i haa:mudad g 'eliliva! Be shaking your coats (before you come in)!

a:mud Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-a:mud) [Neutr: def hort and indef 'e-a:mud]: to
shake oneselves to remove something such as dust or sand from one's clothes
ex: Mt o 'i 'i(<'e)a:mud, (<vu) 'am ab 'i jevu! Shake yourselves, you are full of
dust!
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a:vai/ el

a:vai (Span: sabado) N: Saturday

ex: Cum hekid tje:gid avai 'e. We have a meeting every Saturday. 'I 'o tcicvi ves
a:vai. They play against us here every Saturday.
ba'ic a:vai si'alim NExpr: next Saturday morning

a:vaidag in ha'icu a:vaidag NComp: stem of the flower of certain plants

hoi-a:vaidag NComp: stem of the flower of the Spanish bayonet plant
takvui-a:vaidag NComp: stem of the flower of the yucca plant

a:vaidaj N inalien: stem of the flower of a specified plant (its stem)

a:vai-vijina NComp(?): fiber rope

e-

egai (dial: egoi/ egio) N alien aggreg or indiv [pl/distr: eegai]: creosote bush,
greasewood
ex: Smu'ij g egai. The greasewood bushes are numerous (there).

egaic'ea N: name of a part of Santa Rosa (in-the-greasewood)

egaig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-eegaig): to be full of greasewood, creosote
bushes in one location

el see Vtr el[i]n= to straighten, press, obj

el N inalien: permit, license

ex: 'U'ukc 'a g nel. I have (hold) my permit. Nam 'u:'ukc g 'eel? Do you(pl) have a
permit? Pi 'egid g 'eel mas o vipia 'an 'O'odham-Jevu da:m. He does not have a
permit to hunt on the 'O'odham Reservation. Milign pi 'egid g 'eel mas o bei g
jevu 'an 'O'odham-Jevu da:m. A White man does not have a permit to get land on the
'O'odham Reservation.

el Adv [pl/distr: e'eel]: straight, vertically

ex: B(<vab) o si el hi:! Just walk straight ahead! 'Am cum el 'i hadad. He tried in
vain to make them sit straight. --el ka:yag. There is a straight street. eleel cu:c. They
are standing up (of cards in a filing box, as opposed to being standing sideways).
e'eel 'o'ohoag. It has vertical stripes, lines (far apart). e'eel kakayag. There are
straight streets.
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elid/ el[i]id

elid Vtr [Neutr: def, hort and indef elid]: to put obj in the right direction, to give
pointers to obj, to advise obj as to what to do to get what one wants
ex: Tp 'am hema hek hu 'i melid mapt has masma hab o 'o(<'e)ju:? Did someone advise
you already as to how to do it? ..tp o a elid g 'oks. ..if the old woman tells him how
to do it. T ab pi elid g 'oks. The old woman refused to (just did not) tell him how to
do it. Cum hekid 'o nelid. He is my advisor (he always puts me in the right direction).

elig N alien indiv [pl: eelig]: prairie dog, roundtail ground squirrel

elijid Vdtr [Neutr: def elij; indef elijid]: to straighten things out for obj
ex: Nt o a 'i melij. I'll straighten things out for you. Heg 'o 'om(<'am) haelijid. He is
the one who straightens things out for people.

el[i]n Vtr sgo (for plo see e:el[i]n) [Neutr: def el; hort and indef elin; imper sgs
elna-, pls eln-o. Correl: elin-k; immed: elin-ka-'i. Compl: eln-ok; immed: eln-oka-
'i. Dur: elna-d. Interr: elna-him]: to straighten, press, iron, obj once; to rehearse (a song)
once
ex: Nt o 'i el g huk. I'll straighten the board. Nt o 'i el g 'ipu. I'll press my dress.
B(<vab) 'i elnad! Keep on ironing it!

el[i]n Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-e:el[i]n) [Neutr: def 'e-el]: to straighten oneself,
to become straightened
ex: T o 'i 'i(<'e)el g novij. His arm will straighten itself. T o a(<va) hejel 'i 'i(<'e)el. It
will become straight by itself (without help).

el[i]n Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-el]: to be straightened out, put in the right direction
ex: 'I 'ipt(<'apt) 'i(<'e)el. Now (here) you are straightened out (you've been put in the
right direction). Nt o 'om(<'am) a 'i nel. I am straightened out (have been put in the
right direction).
'e-elinc daha VExpr reflex sgs: to sit with one leg straightened out (and one leg
folded)

eli s- Adj sg [pl: s-e:eli; distr: s-e:k]: straight

ex: seli 'u:s= a straight stick se:eli 'u'us= straight sticks Se:k o kakkiok.
They each will have straight legs.

eli s- Stat Unit (for Distr see s-e:k) [sgs (Neutr: indef s-eli; def s-eli=k. Dur:
s-eli=ka-d. Interr s-eli=ka-him); pls: s-e:eli]: to be straight
ex: a 'i seli g vo:g. The road is pretty straight.

el[i]id Vdtr sgo (for plo see e:eid) [Neutr: def eli; hort elid]: to straighten/
iron obj for somebody
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el[i]id/ eegaig
ex: Nt o 'i meli. I'll straighten /iron it for you(sg). Nt o 'i 'emeli. I'll straighten/ iron
it for you(pl). 'I nelid! Straighten/ iron it for me!

eli Vtr sgo (for plo see e:) [Neutr: indef eli]: to straighten, press, iron, obj
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) hekid 'i eli. I never iron it.

eli g e'i VExpr sgo (for plo see e: g e'ei): to rehearse a song

elma Adv: almost

ex: elma 'o 'i ceajhim g ta. The sun is almost up. elma 'o jivhim. He has almost
arrived.

elna (elis of *elina) N inalien [sg(3rd pers sg elna-j); pl: e:elna]: unfletched arrow

elnaku (elis of *elinaku) N inalien indiv [pl: e:elnaku]: instrument with which
to straighten, level, something

elnas (elis of *elinas) Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef elnas); pls: e:enas (elis of
*e:elinas)]: to be straightened, ironed
ex: Hek 'o hu elnas. It is already ironed. e:enas 'o. They are ironed.

elnat (elis of *elinat) Vtr: to make an unfletched arrow out of obj

elim (elis of *eliim) Adv [pl: e:elim; distr: e'eelim]: straight, vertically (same
as el)
ex: B(<'ab) g si elim eidad! Be looking straight at it! elim g iad heg'ea m'ab
'o'ohoag! You(sg) keep your eyes straight ahead on what is written over there!
e:elim g o eiad heg'ea m'ab 'o'ohoag! You(pl) keep your eyes straight ahead on
what is written over there (two people looking at the same sign)! e'eelim g o
eiad heg'e'ea m'ab 'o''ohoag! You each keep your eyes on what is written over there
(two people looking each one at a different sign)! Scuckam sto:tam e:elim
'o'ohoag. It has vertical black and white stripes (close together).

elim s- Adv [pl: s-e:elim; distr: s-e'eelim]: very straight, vertically

ex: Selim g him! Walk (holding yourself) straight! Se:elim g o hihim! Walk
(holding yourselves) straight!

eegai see N egai= greasewood, creosote bush

eegaig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-egaig): to be full of creosote bushes/
greasewood in various locations
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eelig/ e:pijba

eelig see N elig= prairie dog, roundtail ground squirrel

eeligag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-eeligag): to be full of prairie dogs in
one location

eepij see N e:pij= younger sibling / cousin; great-great-grandparent

eepij see Stat Expr vu e:pij=to be younger sibling/cousin; great-great-grandparent

eepijim 'e- N: a pair of siblings / cousins; a pair including a great-great-grandparent

with his great-great-grandchild

ee'e see N e:'e= wolf

ee'eg s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-e:'eg): to be full of wolves in various
locations
ex: See'eg 'o 'ama`'i. There are lots of wolves (not together) down there.

eeligag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-eeligag): to be full of prairie dogs in
various locations

e'eel see Adv el= straight

e'eelim see Adv elim= straight, vertically

e:-

e:pij N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg e:piji-j); pl: eepij]: younger sibling/ cousin;
great-great-grandparent (the reciprocal term is si:s)

e:pij vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu eepij]: to be somebody's younger sibling / cousin;
great-great-grand-parent
ex: D(<vu) 'a e:pijij. I am his younger sibling (or cousin). 'A:cim u ab 'a'alc
hekaj u eepijij.We are just children and therefore are his younger siblings ('I'itoi's).

e:pijba N inalien indiv [pl: eepijba]: deceased younger sibling or cousin; deceased
great-great-grandparent
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e:pijkam/ e:'e

e:pijkam/ e:pijim N subst sing [mult: eepijkam/ eepijim]: one with a younger
sibling/ cousin; one with a great-great-grandparent

e: see Vtr e:el[i]n= to straighten obj

e:c in 'e-e:c daha VExpr Unit sgs: to sit with both legs straightened out

e:el[i]n Vtr plo (for sgo see el[i]n) [Neutr: def e:; hort and indef e:elin. Dur:
e:elna-d]: to straighten, to iron, obj once each; to rehearse (songs) once each
ex: B(<'ab) o 'i hae: g hakakio. It will make their leg grow straight. Nt o 'i hae:. I'll
straighten them. 'I hae:elin! Straighten them! Hae:elin g hakakio g 'a'al. It (a
cradle board) straightens the legs of the babies.--Tt o ho(<ha)e: g e'ei. We'll rehearse
the songs.

e:el[i]n Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-el[i]n) [Neutr: def 'e-e:]: to straighten oneself,
to become straightened
ex: T o 'i 'i(<'e)e: g no:nhaij. His arms will straighten themselves.

e:eli see Adj s-eli= straight

e:eli see Stat s-eli= to be straight
e:elna see N elna= unfletched arrow
e:elnaku see N elnaku= instrument with which to straighten, level something
e:elim see Adv elim= straight, vertically
e:enas see Stat elnas= to be straightened, ironed

e:eid (elis of *e:eliid) Vdtr plo (for sgo see el[i]id) [Neutr: def e:e; hort
e:eid]: to straighten, iron obj for somebody
ex: Nt o 'i me:e. I'll iron them for you(sg).

e:k see Adj s-eli= straight

e:k s- Stat Distr (for Unit see s-eli): to be straight

e: (elis of *e:eli) Vtr plo (for sgo see eli) [Neutr: indef e:. Dur: e:a-d]: to
straighten, press, iron obj several times each; to rehearse sons several times each
ex: Pi 'in(<'a) hekid 'i hae:. I never iron them.-- Pi 'o hekid hae: g 'ee'ei. They
never rehearse their songs.

e:'e N alien indiv aggreg [pl/distr: ee'e]: wolf

ex: Smu'ij g e:'e 'ama'i. The wolves are numerous down there.
 192

e:'eg/ oi

e:'eg s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-ee'eg): to be full of wolves in a single
location
ex: Se:'eg 'o 'ama'i. There are lots of wolves (together) down there.

o-

oak (dial: uak) Vintr Unit (for Repet see oak) sgs (for pls see oa) [Neutr: def
oa; hort oak; imper oaki-; indef oak. Correl: oa-k; immed: oa-ka-'i. Dur:
oaka-d. Interr: oak[i]-him]: to cry; to rattle; to moo; to bleat
ex: 'am ab oak cuhug. It is said that he was crying in the night. Cum 'o hekid oak.
He cries all the times. Haiva 'o 'om(<'am) oak. A cow is mooing down there. Pi g
'am oakad, t o totsko g mvu:pui! Don't be crying, your eyes are going to swell! Nap
oakihim? Have you been crying? oakihim 'ok ck 'o:'og. She has been crying and she
has tears (in her eyes). T 'ep o 'i oakhi. He is going to start crying (cry and stop) again!
T o oa g 'ali. The child is going to cry. oa 'at g 'ali. The child cried. Pi g 'am
oak! Don't cry! ... 'am si oak 'am a(<va) 'u:pam 'ep me:. ... having cried hard, he ran
back (to where he came from).

oa (dial: ui) Vintr pls (for sgs see oak) [Neutr: def oa; indef oa. Correl: oa-
k; immed: oa-ka-'i. Dur: oai-d. Interr: oa[i]-him]: to cry; to rattle, to moo; to bleat;
to rumble (of intestines)
ex: Ha'i ab kia doda c 'am hi a(<va) 'i oa. A few are still alive and they cry. oa 'o.
They cry all the time. Hihij 'o oa. His intestines are rumbling. Haiva 'o 'om(<'am)
oa. Cows are mooing down there. Nam oaihim? Have you(pl) been crying? Pi g o
'om(<'am) oaid! Don't be crying! 'A'al 'at o oa. The children are going to cry.
oaio! Go ahead and cry! oak 'i vo:p. Having cried, they ran away.

obbi (dial: obbia/ obba) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg obbia-j); pl:
oobbi]: doll
ex: Dahivup 'o g nobbi. My doll sits down.

obbi vu Stat sgs: to be a doll, somebody's doll

obbi Stat sing [mult: oobbi]: to have a doll

ex: No ge obbi? Does she have a doll?

oi (elis of *oai) Vintr sgs (for pls see ooi) [Neutr: def oi. Interr: oi-
him]: to become soft, flabby
ex: 'I:da'a milo 'atk oi. This melon has become soft.
 193

oid/ omai

oid (elis of *oaid) Vtr sgo (for plo see ooid) [Neutr: def and hort oid]:
to make obj get soft, flabby

oo (assim of *oa) s- Adj sg [pl: s-oa]: soft, flabby (as of a tire, a fruit)

oo (assim of *oa) s- Stat sgs [pls: s-o[o]a]: to be soft, flabby

oiga N inalien indiv [pl: ooiga; distr: ooiga]: pet; horse; domesticated animal
gogs oiga N Expr [sg(1st pers sg gogs n-oiga); pl (1st pers sg gogogs n-ooiga):
pet dog
ko:ji oiga NExpr [sg(1st pers sg ko:ji n-oiga): domesticated pig

oiga Stat sing [mult: ooiga; distr: ooiga]: to have a pet, a horse, a domesticated
animal
ex: ia tp 'am hab ooiga hegam. Well, thus, they have them as pets (the birds). Vesij
pi ha ooigakc vab 'eta:tadaj hihim. None of them having horses they just go on foot.
He'ekia 'ap 'i ooiga? How many horses do you(sg) have? Hehe'ekia 'am 'i ooiga?
How many horses does each of you have?

oigakam N subst sing [mult: ooigakam]: one having an animal as a pet, a

domesticated animal
ex: vu:lo oigakam= one having a pet donkey

oigakc Adv: on horseback (same as kavyu ceadc)

ex: 'An 'o hema him ge oigakc. There is someone (unexpectedly) going by on
horseback Napt 'am o hi: oigakc? Will you go there on horseback? ... 'am 'i me: ba'ic
ge oigakc. ... he ran ahead of him on horseback.

oigakc V subst: to go (somewhere) on horseback

ex: Napt o ge oigakc 'o napt ab o hi:? Will you go on horseback or will you just walk?

oigakc Postp [distr: ooigakc]: on the back of obj

ex: vu:lo oigakc= on donkey back mu:la oigakc= on a mule vuplo ooigakc= each
one on donkey back

oigat Vtr sgo (for plo see ooigat) [Neutr: def oigat]: to make obj into a pet, a
domesticated animal
ex: Nt o oigat hega'i mi:tol. I'll make that cat into my pet.

omai see Vintr omaig= to get a cold

 194

omaig/ on

omaig (dial: omig) Vintr sgs (for pls see oomaig) [Neutr: def omai; hort omaig.
Interr: omaig-him]: to get cold; to get a cold
ex: Napt omai? Do you feel cold /do you have a cold? omai 'ant. I feel cold /I have a
cold. Pi g 'am omaig! Don't get cold/don't catch a cold! omaighim 'a. I am getting
to feel cold /I am catching a cold.

omaigam N subst sg [pl: oomaigam]: one with a cold

omaigam vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu oomaigam]: to be one with a cold

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) omaigam. He is one with a cold. Hegam 'o (<vu) oomaigam.
They are ones with colds.

omaigcud (dial: omigcud) Vimpers tr sgo (for plo see oomaigcud) [Neutr: def
omaigc; indef omaigcud. Correl: omaigcud-k; immed: omaigcud-ka-'i]: to make obj
catch cold
ex: Nomaigc 'atk. I've got a cold. Nat momaigc? Do you(sg) have a cold /did you
catch a cold Tk o nomaigc. I am going to catch a cold. Nomaigcud 'o. I catch a cold
(easily, usually). Nomaigcudahim 'o. I am in the process of catching a cold.
Nomaigcudk 'i'ihogcud. Having caught a cold I am coughing. Tk o nomaigcudk ab
'i ge bisckcud. I must have caught a cold that I sneeze so much.

omaigig N inalien: a cold

on N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg ona-j, ona-); pl: o:on]: beginning of something;
lower end, base, foot; spring of water
ex: Tp g hu hikc ona 'ama'i, g hu u:dagc'ea. He cut it (the reed) at its lower end
below the water.
Cuk-on NComp [loc: Cuk-on-t-'amje]: Tucson (Black Base)
ki: on NExpr indiv: foundation of a house
kui on NExpr indiv [sg (loc: kui on 'ab); pl: kukui hao:on]: lower part of a tree,
tree stump
ex: Gogs 'atk 'evul 'ab kui on 'ab. The dog got himself tied around the tree stump.
'ak on NExpr indiv [sg (loc: 'ak on 'an); pl: 'ak o:on; loc: 'ak o:on 'an]: bank
of a wash
'ak on NExpr indiv [pl: 'a'ak ha-o:on]: beginning of a wash
'u:s on NExpr indiv [sg( loc: 'u:s on 'ab); pl: 'u'us hao:on]: lower part of a tree,
bush, stump

on Stat sgs [pls: o:on]: to have a beginning, lower part, starting point, base
ex: 'Ea 'an a(<va) 'i mia on g do'ag. Meanwhile, the foot of the mountain was quite
close. Tp 'ab he'esko 'i on hega'i vav. Some distance away was the foot of that cliff.
/ onag/ oncud
 195

onag Stat impers Unit: there is a spring (somewhere)

ex: No 'ob(<'ab) onag? Is there a spring up there?

onc see Vtr onck= to cut obj by striking it a blow

onc see Vtr oncud= to start obj

oncek Vtr [Neutr: indef oncek]: to cut obj by striking it several blows
ex: G 'o hu oncek g kui. He is over there chopping down the tree. Pi 'i(<'a) hekid
oncek g cucul kusvo. I never chop off the head /neck of a chicken.

onck Vtr [Neutr: def onc; hort onck; imper sgs oncka-]: to cut obj by striking it
one blow
ex: Pt o onc! Chop it off (the head of a chicken)! Pt o onc hega'i kui m'am ke:k! Chop
down that tree that is standing there! ... 'in haha 'ep onc 'in vo:ka 'an. ... then he also
chopped him through the middle (on his stomach). B(<'ab) 'ant o ho(<ha) onc. I'll chop
a piece off it! N(<'an) g ha onck! Chop a piece off it!

oncka N inalien[1st pers sg: 'u:s n-oncka] : something in the process of being cut by
striking it a blow

onckid Vdtr [Neutr: def onck; hort onckid]: to cut obj for somebody (by striking it)
ex: B(<'ab) g 'i ha nonckid! Chop off a piece of it for me!

onck see Vtr onck= to cut obj by striking it a blow

onck see vdtr onckid= to cut obj for somebody by striking it a blow

onck N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg onck-j); pl/distr: oonck]: war club

onckva Vtr Unit (for Repet see onckvup) [Neutr: def and hort onckva]: to knock
obj down by striking it a blow
ex: Nt o si monckva. I'll knock you down. 'I 'amtk onckva g 'o'odham. The man got
knocked down (evidential). ... gm hu onckva. ... she flipped it off (hearsay). Pi g
'am nonckva! Don't knock me down!

onckvup Vtr Repet (for Unit see onckva) [Neutr: indef onckvup Dur: onckvupa-
d]: to knock obj down by striking it a blow repeatedly
ex: Cum 'o hekid nonckvup. He knocks me down every time.

oncud Vtr sgs (for pls see o:oncud) [Neutr: def onc; hort onkud]: to begin/start
obj (same as onvcud)
ex: 'Am 'i onc g 'eki:ta. He has started building his house. ... 'am hab onc g e'i. ...
she started the song that way.
 196

ondal/ ont[a]d

ondal (Span: soldado) N alien indiv [pl: oondal]: soldier

ondal vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu oondal]: to be a soldier

ex: Naptp hebi(<heba'i) u 'i ondal? Were you ever a soldier?

ongam N indiv [pl: o:ongam]: spring of water

onjig N in ki:-onjig NComp(?): reinforcement of dirt at the base of the walls of a

house.

onju see Vtr onjun= to pound obj (a stake, a peg) in the ground

onjun Vtr sgo (for plo see oonjun) [Neutr: def onju; hort onjun]: to pound obj (a
stake, a peg) in the ground
ex: M 'ant o a(<va) onju g 'u:s. I'll pound the stake in there. M g onjun g 'u:s! Pound
the stake in there!

-onjun N in 'u:s-onjun NComp indiv [sg (loc: 'u:s-onjun-t-'ab); pl: 'u'us-oonjun]:

post, stake, peg pounded in the ground
ex: Gogs 'atk 'evul 'ab 'u:s-onjunt'ab. The dog got himself (his leash) tied around the
post.

onju see Vdtr onjuid= to pound obj (a stake, a peg) in the ground for somebody

onjuid Vdtr sgo (for plo see oonjuid) [Neutr: def onju; hort onjuid]: to
pound obj (a stake, a peg) in the ground for somebody (as when putting markers for a
fence or pegs to stretch a hide)
ex: B(<hab) 'o 'a:g mat 'i hema o onju g 'u:s 'i:ya'a. He told me to pound a stake (for
him) here.

onk in g hu 'i onk 'amje Adv Expr: since, from the very beginning
ex: G hu 'i onk 'amje c 'am ' i hugk 'ama'i= from beginning to end

ont Vintr sgs: to start (same as onva)

ont[a]d Vtr [Neutr: def and hort ontad. Interr: ontda-him]: to accumulate obj at the
foot/ base of something
ex: ontdahim g tanhaidag 'u'us o:on 'ab. It (the wind) is accumulating twigs at the foot
of the trees.
 197

ontpag/ onvcud

ontpag Vtr [Neutr: def ontpa; hort and indef ontpag; concurs ontpag-c. Dur:
ontpaga-d]: to pound obj with something (such as a stone held in the hand or with the
hand); to knock at the door
ex: Nt o ontpa g hua. I'll pound on my basket (when making a new basket, to flatten the
weave). B(<'ab) g 'ep ontpag! Knock again (at the door)! G ha'i 'i ontpag g
ku'ag! Chop some firewood (in very small pieces as kindling wood)! B(<'ab) 'o
ob(<vab) si 'i vapke pi 'ab hu ontpagc g pualt. He keeps coming right in without
knocking at the door. B(<'ab) 'apt ab o 'i vapkedc pi 'ab hu o ge ontpagad g pualt!
Just come in without knocking at the door (every time you come).
a ontpag VExpr tr [Neutr: indef a ontpag. Dur: a ontpaga-d]: to pat obj
ex: Pt o a ontpagad! Be patting him!

onts see Vdtr ontsid= to chop obj (firewood) into small pieces for somebody

ontsid Vdtr [Neutr: def onts/ ontsid; hort and indef ontsid]: to chop obj (firewood)
into small and regular pieces for somebody
ex: Heg 'o 'om(<'am) a(<va) 'al ha'i nontsid g ku'ag. He is the one who chops me some
firewood (without my having to ask him). Nt o ha'i monts/montsid g ku'ag. I'll chop
you some firewood. G ha'i nonsid g ku'ag! Chop me some firewood!

ont Vtr [Neutr: def hort and indef ont. Dur: onta-d]: to chop obj (firewood) into
small and regular pieces
ex: Nt o ont g ku'ag. I'll chop the firewood into small pieces. G ha'i ont g ku'ag!
Chop some firewood! 'I:da'a 'o'odham 'ok ont g ku'ag. This man is (evidential)
chopping the firewood into small pieces. M g ab 'i ontad! Keep on chopping it (the
firewood) into small pieces!

ont[a]dam in ku'ag-ontdam NComp(?) a wood chopper (one whose job is to

chop firewood into small and regular pieces)

ont[a]ag s- Stat tr: to be good at chopping firewood

ex: a 'ap a(<va) ' i sontag g ku'ag. You're quite good at chopping firewood

ontas Stat: to be chopped into small and equal pieces (said of firewood)
ex: Nt o ha'i hanolot g ku'ag mo hek hu ontas. I'll buy firewood already chopped.

onva Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see o:onva) [Neutr: def and hort onva]: to start
ex: T hekid o 'i onva g vepegi? When does the movie start?

onvcud Vtr sgs (for pls see o:onvcud) [Neutr: def onvc; hort onvcud]: to
begin, to start obj (same as oncud)
ex: Nt o 'i onvc g je:gida. I'll start the story. B(<hab) 'at ce'iok 'am onvc g 'ee'ei.
Having said that, he started one of his songs. M g 'i onvcud! Start it!
 198

ogivul/ oiak

ogivul N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: ogivuli-j); pl/distr: oogivul]: kickball
ex: Tp 'amje vo:p vuihimk g 'eoogivul. From there they ran each one kicking his
kickball.

ogivul Stat sing [mult: oogivul]: to have a kick-ball

ogivulcud Vdtr sing [Neutr: def ogivulc; hort ogivulcud]: to make a kickball out
of obj for somebody

ogivult Vtr sing: to make a kickball out of obj

ohi see Vtr ohin= to hit obj

ohi seeVreflex 'e-ohin= to get hit

ohin Vtr [Neutr: def ohi; hort and indef ohin. Interr: ohina-him] to hit obj once
(either with the hand, fist, or an object held in the hand, such as a hammer)
ex: Si nohi g 'enovkaj. He hit me hard with his fist. N(<'an) g si ohin! Give it a
hard blow (to a nail with a hammer)! Pi g 'ab hu nohin! Don't hit me (with your
fist)!-- Heg 'at o 'i haohinahi. He is the one who hit people one after the other.
a ohin VExpr tr [Neutr: def a ohi]: to hit obj playfully once (as of a playful slap
on the back or dig in the ribs)
ex: a nohi. He hit me playfully (he gave me a dig in the ribs).

ohin Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ohi]: to get hit once (either with hand, fist or an object
held in the hand)
ex: ... hega'i mat 'am hekaj o 'eohi g ginsku. ... that (the stone) with which the gins
tubes is (will be) hit.

ohinaku N inalien indiv [pl: oohinaku]: hammer

ohi Vtr [Neutr: indef ohi]: to hit obj several times (either with hand, fist, or object
held in hand), to pummel obj
ex: Nohi. He gives me several blows.
a ohi VExpr tr [Neutr: indef a ohi]: to hit obj playfully several times (as of a
playful slap on the back or a dig in the ribs)
ex: Na:nkogidc 'ab a ohi. He (always) teases him and hits him playfully (gives
him a dig in the ribs).

oia see Vtr oiak= to cut obj by striking it a blow, to chop obj into long pieces

oiak Vtr [Neutr: def oia; hort oiak; indef oiak; imper sgs oiaka-]: to cut obj
by striking it a blow, to chop obj into long pieces
 199

oiak/ o[]kka
ex: 'Ehu:ga 'o oiak. He is cutting down his corn (stalks). Ka:u oiak. He is cutting
down the sugar cane (stalks). Kui 'o oiak. He is cutting the mesquite into posts. Pt o
ho(<ha)oia hegam kukui m'am cu:c! Chop down those trees that are standing there!
Nt o oia g 'u'us. I'll cut posts. Himk ha'i oiak g 'u'us. Go and cut a few posts!

oiaka N inalien aggreg: something in the process of being chopped into long pieces
'u'us oiaka [1rst pers sg: 'u'us n-oiak]: posts in the process of being chopped (for
a fence or a ramada)

oiakame Vtr Unit sgs [Neutr: def oiakam; hort oiakame]: to go and chop obj
into long pieces (such as posts for a fence or a ramada)
ex: M(<'am) 'at hu oiakam. He went to cut posts.

oiakdam N subst: one whose job is to chop something into long pieces (such as
posts for a fence or ramada)
'u'us oiakdam: one whose job is to chop posts

oiakag s- Stat sgs: to be good at chopping something into long pieces (such as posts
for a fence or a ramada)
ex: Soiakag 'o. He is good at chopping posts.

oiakid Vdtr [Neutr: def oiak; hort oiakid]: to chop obj into long pieces for
somebody
ex: Nt o ha'i moiak g 'u'us. I'll chop you a few posts. G ha'i noiakid g 'u'us! Chop
me a few posts!

oiak see Vtr oiak= to cut obj by striking it a blow, to chop obj into long pieces
oiak see Vdtr oiakid= to chop obj into long pieces for somebody

o[]kka Vtr [Neutr: def okka; hort and indef okka. Dur: okkaa-d. Interr:
okkaa-him]: to pummel, box,obj
ex: Si nokka. He pummeled me. T o noikka. He'll box me. T o nokkaad. He
is going to pummel me continually. Pi g 'am okkaad! Don't pummel him
continually!
ha-o[]kka V: to box, have a box match
T o ho(<ha)okka si'alim. He is going to box (have a boxing match) tomorrow.
'Id 'o pi 'ap haokka. He does not box well.

o[]kka Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-okka]: to pummel each other, to box against each
other
ex: T o 'o(<'e)okka. I hear they are going to box against each other (have a boxing
match).
 200

o[]kkaa/ oua

o[]kkaa N inalien: boxing

ex: 'Id 'o pi ma:c g okkaa. He does not know how to box.

o[]kkadam s-cu N subst aggreg: boxer (same as ha-okkadam)

o[]kkadam ha- N subst aggreg: boxer (same as s-cu-okkadam)

o[]kpig Vtr [Neutr: def okp; hort okpig]: to remove a piece of obj by hitting it
with a stone (as when chipping a metate to make it rough or threshing wheat )
ex: Nt o okp g pilka k o 'elp. I'll remove the chaff of the wheat and then I'll remove
the peeling (on the grains).

okp see Vtr okpig= to remove a piece of obj by hitting it with a stone

o[]kumi'ok Vtr [Neutr: def okumi'o; hort okumi'ok; imper sgs okumi'oka-
]: to chop obj into small and equal pieces with a knife or sickle
ex: Nt o okumi'o g 'u:s. I'll cut the stick into small equal pieces.

o[]kumi'oka N inalien aggreg: something in the process of being chopped into

small and equal pieces
'u'us okumi'oka [1rst pers sg: 'u'us n-okumi'oka]: NExpr: sticks being cut into
small and equal pieces

omu see Vtr omun= to crush obj

omun Vtr [Neutr: def omun; hort onum; imper sgs omuna-]: to crush obj into
rough pieces (like corn for small chickens or stones for road building)

omuna N inalien aggreg: something in the process of being crushed

hohodai omuna NExpr inalien aggreg: stones in the process of being crushed
hu: omuna NExpr inalien aggreg: corn in the process of being crushed

ou see Vtr oun= to crack obj with one blow

ou Vtr [Neutr: def and hort ou]: to crack obj (such as a hard nut or a stone)
with a single blow
ex: Nt o ou g hodai. I'll break the stone.

oua Vtr [Neutr: indef oua): to crack obj (such as a hard nut or stone) with
reiterated blows
ex: Cum 'o oua. He keeps trying in vain to crack it (a nut).
 201

oun/ opo

oun Vtr [Neutr: def ou; hort oun]: to crack obj (such as a nut) with one blow
ex: Pt o ou! (you will) crack it (a nut)! ouna! Crack it (a nut)!

ou Vtr [Neutr: def ou; hort and indef ou. Dur: oua-d]: to crack obj
with several blows
ex: Pt o ho(<ha) ou! (you will) crack them (the nuts)! 'I 'a hi a(<va) da, c g
walnuts haou. I am sitting here cracking walnuts.

ova Vtr Unit [Neutr: def, hort and indef ova. Dur: ova-d]: to pound obj into
powder (same as ovi and ovin)
ex: Hek 'ant hu ova g vihog. I have already pounded the mesquite beans into powder.
ova 'a g vihog. I am pounding mesquite beans into powder.

ovadam N subst: one whose job it is to pound something into powder

ovadam vu Stat Expr: to be one whose job it is to pound something into powder
ex: Hek 'ant hu vu cum ovadam g vihog. It used to be my job to pound the mesquite
beans into powder.

ovi Vtr [Neutr: def hort and indef ovi]: to pound obj into powder (same as ova
and ovin)

ovi see Vtr ovin= to pound obj into powder

ovi see Vdtr ovid= to pound obj into powder for somebody

ovid Vtr [Neutr: def ovi; hort ovid]: to pound obj into powder for somebody
ex: M 'ant o a (<va) ha'i movi g vihog. I'll pound you some mesquite beans. G ha'i
novid g vihog! Pound me some mesquite beans!

oviku N indiv [pl: ooviku]: instrument (such as a stone) used for pounding into
powder
hodai-oviku NComp(?): stone pulverizer

ovin Vtr [Neutr: def ovi; hort and indef ovin; imper sgs ovina-. Correl:
ovin-k; immed: ovin-ka-'i]: to pound obj into powder (same as ovi and ova)

ovina N inalien mass: something in the process of being pounded into powder
vihog ovina NExpr [1st pers sg vihog n-ovina]: mesquite beans in the process of
being pounding into powder

opo Adv sg [pl: o'opo]: short in height

ex: Nt o opo hab ju:. I'll shorten it (make it short).
 202

opok/ oa

opok Adj sg [pl: o'opok]: short in height

ex: opok 'u:s= a short tree

opok Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef opok); pls: o'opok]: to be short (in height)
ex: 'I:da'a 'o'odham 'al opok. This fellow is kind of short.

opol Adv sg [pl: o'opol]: short in length

ex: opol hab o ju:! Shorten it (make it short)!

opolk Adj sg [pl: o'opolk]: short in length

opolk Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef opolk); pls: o'opolk]: to be short in length

opolka Vintr sgs (for pls see o'opolka) [Neutr: def opolka. Interr: opolka-him]:
to become short in length
ex: opolka g ta. The day is has gotten shorter. Hemu 'ut(<'at) o opolka g ta. Soon
the day will be shorter. 'I 'o 'i opolkahim. It's getting shorter.

opolkad Vtr sgo (for plo see o'opolkad) [Neutr: def and hort opolkad]: to shorten
obj (same as opolkaid)
ex: Nt o 'i opolkad 'i:da'a vigina. I'll shorten this rope. M g 'i opolkad 'i:da'a vijina!
(Why don't you) shorten this rope!

opolkaid Vtr sgo (for plo see o'opolkaid) [Neutr: def opolkai; hort opolkaid]: to
shorten obj (same as opolkad)
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant 'i opolkai. I shortened it. M g 'i opolkaid! (Why don't you) shorten it!

opolkajid Vdtr sgo (for plo see o'opolkajid) [Neutr: def opolkaj; hort
opolkajid]: to shorten obj for somebody

oa see Vintr oak= to cry

oa see Vintr oa = to cry

oa N inalien mass: nasal mucus, nose phlegm

ex: B(<vab) me g noa. I have a runny nose (my nasal mucus is just running).
cuku-oa NComp aggreg: date palm tree; date (owl snot)
ex: Cuku-oat'ab 'o da. He is sitting on a date palm tree (a bird). Nap sna:k g
cuku-oa. Do you like dates?
sgak oa NExpr inalien aggreg (?): dry nasal mucus, snot
svaag oa NExpr inalien mass: wet nasal mucus
 203

oa/ ooigakc

oa Stat: to have nasal mucus, a runny nose

ex: Nap sma:c g 'o'odham mo oa? Do you know the fellow who has a runny nose?

oa s- Stat: to have a lot of nasal mucus

ex: a 'i soa. He has quite a lot of nasal mucus.

oakam N subst: one with nasal mucus

sgak oakam N Expr: one with dry nasal mucus (snot)
svaag oakam NExpr: one with wet nasal mucus

oakam s- N subst: one with a lot of nasal mucus

oaka'i see Vintr oak= to cry

oa see Adj s-oo= soft
oa see Stat s-oo= to be soft, flabby

okodag N inalien [3rd pers sg: okoda-j]: sinus (place producing nasal mucus)
ex: Sko'ok g nokodag. My sinus hurts.

oobbi see N obbi= doll

oobbi see Stat obbi= to have a doll

ooi (elis of *ooai) Vintr pls (for sgs see oi) [Neutr: def ooi. Interr:
ooi-him]: to become soft, flabby
ex: ooi 'atk g ma:gina-u:k. The tires are flat (have become soft).

ooid (elis of *ooaid) Vtr plo (for sgo see oid): to make obj become soft,
flabby

ooiga see N oiga= pet; horse

ooiga see Stat oiga= to have a pet, a horse

ooiga s- Stat: to have lots of pets, horses, domesticated animals

ooigakam see N subst oigakam= one having an animal as a pet

ooigakam s- N subst: one having lots of animals as pets

ooigakc see Postp oigakc= on the back of obj

 204

ooigat/ oo'ovag

ooigat Vtr plo (for sgo see oigat): to make obj into a pet, a domesticated animal
ex: ia c gm hu hub(<hab) haha haooigat. Well, and from there on, they made them
(the birds) into their pets.

oomaig (dial oomig) Vintr pls (for sgs see omaig) [Neutr: oomai; hort
oomaig. Interr: oomaig-him]: to get cold, to get a cold
ex: oomai 'at. They've caught a cold. oomaighim 'o. They are catching a cold.

oomaigam see N subst omaigam= one with a cold

oomaigcud (dial oomigcud) Vimpers tr plo (for sgo see omaigcud) [Neutr: def
oomaigc]: to make obj catch cold
ex: Toomaigc ['atk]. We've got a cold (it made us catch cold).

oonck see N onck= war club

oondal see N ondal= soldier
oondal see Stat Expr vu ondal= to be a soldier
oonjun see NComp 'u:s-onjun= post, stake, peg

oonjun Vtr plo (for sgo see onjun) [Neutr: def oonju; hort oonjun]: to pound
obj (stakes, pegs) in the ground

oonjuid Vdtr plo (for sgo see onjuid) [Neutr: def oojun; hort: oonjuid]: to
pound obj in the ground for somebody (as when putting markers for a fence or pegs to
stretch a hide)
ex: He'ekia 'i 'u'us 'apt 'am o ho(<ha)oonju? How many stakes did he tell you to
pound in (for him)? M g noonjuid hegam 'u'us! (Could you) pound in those stakes
for me!

oogivul see N ogivul= kickball

oogivul see Stat ogivul= to have a kickball
oohinaku see N ohinaku= hammer
ooviku see N oviku= instrument used for pounding
oo'o see N o:'o= grasshopper

oo'og s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-o:'og): to be full of grasshoppers in
various locations

oo'ovag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-o'ovag): to be full of gophers, or bull
snakes in various locations
 205

oak/ o'igkam

oak Vintr Repet (for Unit see oak) sgs [Neutr: indef oak]: to cry repeatedly

ooiga see N oiga= pet; horse

ooiga see Stat oiga= to have a pet, horse

ovick N indiv [pl: o'oovick]: gorge, canyon

ovick Adj sg [pl: o'oovick]: narrowly cut

ex: o'oovick vu:puikam= one with slanted (narrowly cut) eyes

ovick Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef ovick); pls: o'oovick]: to be narrowly cut (as of a wash,
also of a piece of land)

ovickag Stat impers sing: there is a gorge, a canyon (somewhere)

o'ig Adv: miserable, sad, poor

ex: o'ig 'ap ma:s cum hekid. You look sad all the time. o'ig 'an nta:tk. I feel sad.
o'ig ta:hadam hab nju:kc. I am experiencing sad feelings.

o'ig Stat: to be sad, miserable, poor, to have sorrow

ex: o'ig 'o, pi 'o ho(<ha) lialga. He is poor, he does not have any money. o'ig 'o
hegam. They are poor (miserable, sad).

o'igcud Vtr sgo: to make obj suffer, to torment obj, to give sorrow to obj
ex: ... k hab kaij mo g 'a'al cum hekid o'igcud. ... and he said that the children torment
him constantly.

o'igcud Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-o'igc; hort and indef 'e-o'igcud. Dur: 'e-o'igcuda-
d. Interr: 'e-o'igcudahim]: to get poor, to torment oneself
ex: Ns hab mu'i vo no'igcudad? Why should I torment myself as much as that?
No'igcudahim 'a. I am getting poor.

o'igdag N inalien [1st pers sg n-o'igdag; 3rd pers sg o'igda-j]: sadness, sorrow,
poverty

o'igdag-ta NComp indiv [sg (loc: o'igdag-ta-c-'e); pl: o'igdag-tat]: Lent

ex: o'igdag-tat 'oidam= during (the days of) Lent

o'igkam N subst aggreg: one with sorrow, a poor one

ex: Hegam o'igkam g Jio-cihaig 'at o ho(<ha)taog. To the poor, God's law will be
explained.
 206

o'igkam/ o'opolkaid

o'igkam vu Stat Expr: to be a poor one

ex: D(<vu) 'o o'igkam, hega'i. He is a poor one, that fellow.

o'igkamcud Vreflex [Neutr: indef 'e-o'igkamcud. Dur: 'e o'igkamcuda-d]: to act like
a poor one, one with sorrow
ex: Pt o 'o(<'e)o'igkamcudad! Be acting as if you were poor (one with sorrow)!

o'ig 'e-vua VExpr reflex: to be taken advantage of

ex: Map 'a:pi'i o'ig 'evua. You are being taken advantage of o'ig 'evuadc mu'i
cikpan. He is being taken advantage of at work.

o'og N inalien aggreg: egg(s) of louse, mites

o'og Stat: to have mites

o'og s- Stat: to have a lot of mites

ex: No so'og? Does he have a lot of mites?

o'opig Vtr [Neutr: def o'ogp; hort o'ogpig]: to remove the mites off obj's hair
ex: Nt o mo'ogp. I will remove the mites (off your hair).

o'oovick see N ovick= gorge, canyon

o'oovick see Adj ovick= narrowly cut
o'oovick see Stat ovick= to be narrowly cut

o'oovickag s- Stat: to be full of gorges, canyons

o'opo see Adv opo= short in height

o'opok see Adj opok= short in height
o'opok see Stat opok= to be short in height
o'opol see Adv opol= short in length
o'opolk see Adj opolk= short in length
o'opolk see Stat opolk= to be short in length

o'opolka Vintr pls (for sgs see opolka): to become short in length

o'opolkad Vtr plo (for sgs see opolkad): to shorten obj (same as o'opolkaid)

o'opolkaid Vtr plo (for sgo see opolkaid) [Neutr: def o'opolkai; hort
o'opolkaid): to shorten obj (same as o'opolkad)
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant 'i hao'opolkai. I shortened them.
 207

o'opolkajid/ o:ma

o'opolkajid Vdtr plo (for sgo see opolkajid) [Neutr: def o'opolkaj]: to shorten
obj for somebody

o'ova N aggreg: gopher snake, bull snake

ex: Smu'ij g o'ova 'ama'i. The gopher snakes are numerous down there.

o'ovag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-oo'ovag): to be full of gopher snakes in
a single location

o:-

o: see Vtr o:m= to sew a seam on obj

o:bid Vtr [Neutr: def o:b; hort and indef o:bid. Dur: o:bida-d. Interr: o:bida-him]:
to stop, prevent obj from doing something
ex: Tp hems heg 'an o a(<va) a hao:b. Maybe that will stop them (from following
them) for a while. M g o:bid! Stop it! (a cow from getting into a garden)
o:bidahim 'a. I have been trying to stop him (from doing it).

o:bid in ha'icu o:bid VExpr: to admonish obj, to advise obj to avoid doing certain
things
ex: 'Am a(<va) pi kaiha 'i:da'a ha'icu mac hascu 'i cum mo:bid. You did not pay attention
to what we tried in vain to advise you against.

o:b see Vtr o:bid= to stop' prevent obj from doing something

o:m Vtr sing (for mult see o:om) [Neutr: def o:; hort and indef o:m. Dur: o:ma-d.
Interr: o:ma-him]: to sew a seam on obj
ex: Nt ab g nnovkaj o o:. I'll sew the seam by hand. 'I 'at no: 'in nnov. He put
stitches (one seam) on my arm. N g o:m hemu k o na:to! Finish sewing the seam right
now and it will be finished (you will finish it)! B(<vab) 'i o:mad! Keep on sewing
the seam! N(<'an) 'a haha 'i o:mahim. I am still sewing the seam.

o:ma N inalien sing [mult: o:oma]: seam in the process of being sewn
ex: Nt o na:to g no:ma. I'll finish my seam (my sewing one seam). Nt o na:to g
no:oma. I'll finish my seams (my sewing several scams).
 208

o:mas/ o:om

o:mas Stat sing [mult: o:omas]: to be stitched, sewn

ex: No 'on(<'an) ge o:mas? Is it stitched (with one seam rather than glued)? No
svinma o:mas? Is it sewn firmly (one seam)? No svinma o:omas? Is it sewn firmly
(several seams)?

o:mid Vdtr sing (for mult see o:omid) [Neutr: def o:m; hort o:mid. Dur:
o:mida-d]: to sew a seam on obj for somebody
ex: Nt o a(<va) mo:m. I'll be glad to sew a seam on it for you(sg).

o:mid Vreflex tr sing (for mult see 'e-o:omid) [Neutr: indef 'e-o:mid]: to sew a
seam on obj for oneself
ex: Nap hema 'eo:mid g 'ipu? Are you sewing a skirt for yourself?

o:mi'ok Vtr sing (for mult see o:omi'ok) [Neutr: def o:mi'o; hort o:mi'ok; imper
sgs o:mi'oka-]: to undo a seam, to rip a seam open on obj
ex: Nt o o:mi'o. I'll undo the seam on it.

o:mi'ok Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-o:omi'ok) [Neutr: def 'e-o:mi'o]: to rip open
at one seam
ex: 'Eo:mi'o g naliv. My pants ripped open at the seam.

o:m[] Stat impers sing [mult: o:om]: there is a stitch/ a seam somewhere
ex: No 'on(<'an) ge o:m? Is there a seam? Ma:ginakaj o:m. There is a seam made
with a sewing machine. o:om 'o. There are several seams.

o:m see Vdtr o:mid= to sew a seam on obj for somebody

o:o see Vtr o:om= to sew several seams on obj
o:o see Vreflex 'e-o:om= to do one's sewing

o:oba N inalien aggreg: bracelet; bow guard, wrist guard

ex: Nt o ho(<ha)a:a'ic g o:oba kc g 'a'ailo. I'll wear bracelets and rings.

o:oba Stat: to have (a) bracelet(s)

o:oba s- Stat: to have lots of bracelets

ex: So:oba 'o. She has lots of bracelets.

o:om Vtr mult (for sing see o:m) [Neutr: def o:o; hort o:om]: to sew several
seams on obj
ex: Nt ab g nnovkaj o o:o. I'll sew the seams by hand. Nt ab g ma:ginakaj o o:o.
I'll sew the seams by machine.
 209

o:om/ o:on

o:om Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-o:o; hort and indef 'e-o:om. Dur: 'e-o:oma-d. Interr:
'e-o:omahim]: to do one's sewing
ex: Nt o a(<va) no:o si'alim. I'll do my sewing tomorrow. Si 'o cikpan, 'e-'o-o:om.
She is very busy (working hard), she is doing her sewing. Si'alim nt o si cikpanad, nt o
no:omad. Tomorrow I'll be very busy, I'll do my sewing. Tako 'a si cikpanahim,
no:omahim 'a. Yesterday I was very busy, I did my sewing.

o:oma N: act of sewing

ex: Nap sma:c g o:oma? Do you know how to sew?

o:oma see N o:ma= seam in the process of being sewn

o:omaku N inalien aggreg: sewing machine (same as o:omdam-ma:gina)

o:omas see Stat o:mas= to be stitched, sewn

o:omdam-ma:gina NComp inalien indiv [pl: o:omdam-mamagina]: sewing

machine (same as o:omaku)

o:omid Vdtr mult (for sing see o:mid) [Neutr: def o:om; hort and indef
o:omid]: to sew several seams on obj for somebody
ex: Hega'i 'a 'am o:omid g Father. I am sewing seams on that for Father. Nt o
a(<va) mo:om. I'll be glad to sew it (the seams on it) for you(sg).

o:omid Vreflex tr mult (for sing see 'e-o:mid) [Neutr: def 'e-o:om]: to sew
several seams on obj for oneself

o:omiddam ha- N inalien aggreg: seamstress, tailor (one whose job is to sew seams
for people)

o:omi'ok Vtr mult (for sing see o:mi'ok) [Neutr: def o:omi'o; hort o:omi'ok]:
to undo several seams on obj

o:omi'ok Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-o:mi'ok) [Neutr: def 'e-o:omi'o]: to rip
open at the seams

o:om[] see Stat o:m[]= there is a stitch, a seam somewhere

o:om see Vdtr o:omid= to sew several seams on obj for somebody
o:on see N on= beginning of something, lower end, base, foot
o:on see Stat on= to have a beginning, lower part, starting point, base
 210

o:oncud/ uhullig

o:oncud Vtr pls (for sgs see oncud) [Neutr: def o:onc; hort o:oncud]: to start
obj
ex: 'Att 'ep o o:onc g te'i. We'll resume our singing.

o:onva Vintr Unit pls (for sgs see onva): to start

ex: T hekid o 'i o:onva g vepegi? At what time will each of the movies start?

o:onvcud Vtr pls (for sgs see onvcud) [Neutr: o:onvc]: to begin, start, obj
ex: ...matt 'i o o:onvc g e'i. ...that we will start the singing.

o:'o N aggreg [pl: oo'o]: grasshopper

ex: Smu'ij g oo'o 'ama'i. Grasshoppers are numerous down there.

o:'ocud Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-o:'oc; hort 'e-o:'ocud]: to turn into a grasshopper,
to act like a grasshopper

o:'og s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-oo'og): to be full of grasshoppers in a
single location

u-

uhullig Vtr Repet plo (for sgo see vu:pa) [Neutr: indef uhullig. Dur: uhulliga-d.
Interr: uhulliga-him]: to put, throw, obj repeatedly somewhere
ex: 'Amje eid g Hu: mo 'om(<'am) ha'icu uhullig ciolim da:m k pi has kaij. From
there she sees Corn who keeps throwing something on top of the cholla, but she does not
say anything. ... 'ama'i matp 'am hauhullig g 'eko'odc. ... down there where he throws
what he has killed (his kills).

uhullig Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-ul-[i]g) [Neutr: indef 'e-uhullig]: to make
each other fall repeatedly(with 'i)
ex: 'I 'i(<'e)uhullig. They keep making each other fall.

uhullig Vintr Repet (for Unit see ul[i]g) pls (for sgs see gega) [Neutr: indef
uhullig]: to fall down repeatedly (with 'i)
ex: 'I uhullig. They fall down repeatedly.
 211

uhulligadma/ ul[i]g

uhulligadma s- V subst tr Repet (for Unit see s-uligama) plo (for sgo see s-
vu:padma): to appear to throw obj somewhere repeatedly
ex: ... c gm hu hub(<hab) 'i o shauhulligadma. ... and they expected that it (the mountain)
would keep trying to shake them off.

uhullighim in hejel uhullighim VExpr Interr pls (for sgs see hejel gegs[i]-
him): to live alone (to go to bed alone)
ex: 'A:cim 'ac hejel 'an uhullighim. We live alone.

ulgaku in 'o'ovick-[vi:pi'idag]-ulgaku NComp(?): ashtray

ulgiddam in tatpial ha-ulgiddam NExpr: newspaper boy (the one whose job is
to throw the paper to people)

ul[i]g Vtr Unit (for Repet see uhullig) plo (for sgo see vua) [Neutr: def ul; hort and
indef ulig. Correl: ulig-k; immed: ulig-ka-'i. Compl: ul[i]g-ok; immed ul[i]g-oka-'i.
Dur: uliga-d. Interr: ul[i]ga-him]: to put/ throw obj somewhere (a common action; for
the first time an action is performed, see ju)
ex: Hu: hab a 'ep gi'ikho 'om(<'am) ul g 'ecivo ciolim da:m. Corn thus four times put
some hairs from his beard on the cholla. M g ha'i ulig g cu:cpul-'asugal vasib 'e!
Could you(sg) put a few sugar cubes in my cup (beverage)! M g ha'i ulig g ha:l-kai!
Why don't you(sg) plant some squash seeds! Ba:pt haul? Where did you put (throw)
them? B(<'ab) 'ant o ha'i haul g si:nko. I'll put (throw) a few nickels in (a slot
machine). ..c 'ab o ho(<ha)ul heg'aba'i. .. and throw them (the birds) towards it (the
mountain)! uligoka'i! Leave them alone! 'Ab haulig g sigo. He (continually)
puts nickels in (the slot machine). M g ab 'i ulgad! Keep on throwing them there!
'Am 'i hauligahi g ha:l-kai. He scattered the squash seeds there.
gm hu ulig VExpr tr plo (for sgo see gm hu vua): to throw obj away (same as gm
hu e:ncud)
ex: M 'ant hu o ul. I'll throw them away. Gam g hu ulig! Throw them away!
ha'as 'i ulig VExpr tr plo (for sgo see ha'as vua): to deposit a layer of obj
ex: Ha'as 'i ul g hohodai. It (the water) has deposited a layer of stones.
hebhu/heb hu ulig VComp/Expr tr plo (for sgo see hebhu/heb hu vua): to lose obj
ex: Hebhu 'ant hu ul. I lost them. Pt o hebhu ul. You're going to lose them.
Cum hekid ha'icu hebhu ulig. He is always losing something.
hek ulig VExpr tr plo (for sgo see hek vua): to waste obj
ex: T ab hek ul. He just wasted them. B(< vab) o hek ul. He will just
waste them. T ab o hek ulgad. She'll just keep wasting them. Nap hab 'e'elid
map hek ulig g 'elialga? Do you think that you are wasting your money? Pi g
'am hek ulgad! Don't be wasting them!
ta'i ulig VExpr tr plo: to throw obj upward
ex: ... 'ab hab si ta:tai ul g 'e'i'ipu. They pulled their skirts way up.
 212

ul[i]g/ ul[i]gid

'ab 'ab ulig VExpr tr plo: to throw obj at someone/ something

ex: Hohodai 'ab ulig 'ab 'ab. They (continually) throw stones at him. 'ab hi a(<
va) cum ulig 'a'aiji. In vain did they shoot at him (their arrows) from every
direction.
'i ulig VExpr tr plo (for sgo see 'i vua): to throw obj down
ex: Tk o 'i tul g kavyu. The horse is going to throw us. 'I 'it(<'at) 'i tul. He (the
horse) threw us just now. 'I 'ant o a(<va) 'i 'emulgoka'i. I'll drop you(pl) here.

ulig V mult (for sing see vua): to make several baskets while playing basketball (throw
the ball in the basket)
ex: He'ekia 'apt 'ab 'i haul? How many baskets did you(sg) make?

ulig V: to throw the gins tubes (when playing gins)

ex: T o a ve:pegk uligk 'aigo mmua. If he throws them (the gins tubes) first, he is the
one who will kill you instead. ... k 'ea heg hi hauligahim g mu'icu. ... and meanwhile
(I think) he kept throwing the highest combinations (throwing the gins tubes and getting
the highest scores).

ul[i]g Vintr Unit (for Repet see uhullig) pls (for sgs see ge:) [Neutr: def ul; indef
ulig]: to fall somewhere
ex: M 'at ha'i ul g 'o'o bi: 'e. A few pieces of gravel fell in my food. 'I 'it(<'at) 'i
ul. They fell down. Ves 'atk ul g nala. All the oranges fell down. 'Ab si 'e'ab ul
g mamagina. The cars bumped against each other. 'Ab ulig g ju:k. Raindrops are
falling (down the window pane).-- 'I ulig. They fall continually.

ul[i]g Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-uhullig) [Neutr: def 'e-ul; hort 'e-ulig]: to
make each other fall
ex: Mt 'am o 'o(<'e)ul. You might make each other fall. Pi g o 'om(<'am) hu 'i
'i(<'e)ulig! Don't make each other fall!

ulig[a]ma s- V subst tr Unit (for Repet see s-uhulligadma) plo (for sgo see s-
vuima): to appear to throw obj somewhere
ex: Hab hi o 'i shauligama. I expect that he (the horse) will throw them. Kavyu
hub(<hab) hi o stuligma. We expect that the horse will throw us.

ul[i]gid Vdtr plo (for sgo see vuijid) [Neutr: def ulig; hort and indef ulgid. Dur:
ulgida-d]: to throw obj to/ for somebody
ex: Nt o mulig. I'll plant them (seeds) for you. Haulgid g cu:kug g gogogs. He/ they
throw pieces of meat to the dogs. Haulgid g hu: g cucul. He/they throw corn to the
chickens.
 213

ul[i]gid/ u:d

ul[i]gid Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-ge:sid) [Neutr: def 'e-ulig]: to get tired out,
exhausted
ex: Namt 'eulig? Are you(pl) exhausted ? Tulig 'att. We are exhausted.

ulij N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg ulij=ga-j); pl: ulij]: baby boy

ulijga Stat: to have a baby boy

udag Vintr Repet (for Unit see u:d) sgs (for pls see u:ug) [Neutr: indef udag]:
to become full repeatedly
ex: Huhummec 'am 'ep udagc 'ep huhumme. It (a well, a pond) gets empty and again it
gets full and again it gets empty.

udagid Vtr Repet (for Unit see u:d[a]d) sgo (for plo see u:ugid) [Neutr: indef
udagid. Dur: udagida-d. Interr: udagida-him]: to fill obj repeatedly
ex: M(<'am) 'a 'i udagid. I keep it full (I keep filling it without waiting until it is
empty). Cum hekid 'apt o udagidad hega'i va:li! Fill that tank every time (it needs to
be filled)!

ulij see N ulij = baby boy

uug see N u:g = mockingbird

uugag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-u:gag): to be full of mockingbirds in
several locations

uuk see N u:k= a pair of shoes

uuvijul see N uvijul= saddle pad

uvijul N inalien indiv [pl: uuvijul]: saddle pad

u:-

u:c N aggreg: a cactus

u:c-gasviku NComp(?): comb (made out of cactus fiber)

u:d N indiv [pl/distr: u:ud]: puddle

 214

u:d/ u:dagim

u:d N inalien indiv: vagina (same as mu:s)

u:d Vintr Unit (for Repet see udag) sgs (for pls see u:ud) [Neutr: def u:d,
Interr: u:d-him]: to become full
ex: u:d 'at. It is (got) full. Hek 'at hu u:d. It's already full. B(<vab) 'ab 'i si
u:dk u:d g vo'o. The pond is full to the brim. T hab pi hekid o u:d g jevu. Thus the
earth will never become full (of people). u:dhim 'o. It's getting full. u:dhim 'o g
kostal. My sack is getting full (of cotton, wheat, fruit). u:dhim g jevu c
sta'e:bidam 'eju: vesko. The earth was getting full (of water) and everywhere it had
become dangerous (hearsay).

u:d Vimpers tr sgo (for plo see u:ud) [Neutr: def u:d]: to get obj to feel full
ex: B(<'ab) 'at ab si nu:d. I am just completely full (of food).

u:d[a]d Vtr Unit (for Repet see udagid) sgo (for plo see u:ud) (Neutr: def and
hort u:dad; imper sgs u:d[a]da-. Interr: u:d[a]da-him]: to fill obj
ex: Napt u:dad g 'ekostal? Did you fill your sack (with cotton, fruit)? Pt o u:dad! Fill
it! M g 'i u:dad! Could you(sg) fill it! Va:ldi 'apt o u:dad g pilkakaj! Fill
the basket with wheat! Tacu 'u(<'a) mapt o u:dad g va:lin. I want you to fill my
tank (with gas). 'Ant 'i u:dad. I just filled it. B(<vab) o 'i 'iavuhimk o u:dad g
va:lin! Keep on pouring (water, gas) until you've filled the tank! Koi 'ant u:dadk
ababa hi a(<va) elma u:dadahim. I have not filled it yet but I am about to.

u:dagga Stat: to have water

ex: Nap ge u:dagga? Do you have any water?

u:dagig Stat impers: there is a liquid, there is water somewhere

ex: Hascu 'um(<'am) u:dagig heg'ea ha'a? What kind of liquid is there in that bottle?
No 'in ha u:dagig 'i:na'a? Is there some water around here? Pi 'am hu ha u:dagig.
There is no water down there. a 'ak(<'ok) va 'i u:dagig 'i:na'a. There is a fair
amount of water around here.

u:dagig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-u:ugig): to be full of water in a single
location
ex: Su:dagig 'o 'ama'i. There is a lot of water down there.

u:dagim in Adverbial Compounds [distr: u:ugim]: in/ by containerful

hua-u:dagim Adv Comp: by the basketful
ex: Ciolim gi'ik hua-u:dagim 'am 'iavup 'ecuamaiku 'e. Four times she emptied a
basketful of cholla (she uses only one basket) in her baking pit. Ciolim gi'ik huha-
u:ugim 'am 'i'ava. She emptied in there four basketfuls of cholla (there are four
baskets filled with cholla).
 215

u:dagim/ u:dag[]c'e-

jevu-u:dagim Adv Comp: the entire world

ex: Kupt a(<va) voho 'ob(<'ab) cum memea g Ban vesko jevu-u:dagim k pi heba'i
a 'i ha'icu ce:. Although Coyote did indeed run all over the entire world he did not
find a trace of him (a thing) anywhere. ... mo 'id hab a(<va) masma cum heba'i jevu-
u:dagim himhim, 'i:da'a Hava. ... (he asked) that Crow to go everywhere in the
entire world in the same way (as Coyote did).
ko:ba-u:dagim Adv Comp: by the glassful
va:ldi-u:dagim NExpr: by the bucketful
ex: Va:ldi-u:dagim 'apt o gaga g vi:b! Sell the milk by the bucketful!

u:dag N alien mass [3rd pers sg u:dag=ga-j; loc: u:dag-c-'e; instr: u:dag-kaj]:
water, liquid
ex: Nap ge va'ig g u:dag? Do you have any drinking water? u:dag 'am e'iopag.
There are several springs (the water is coming out in several places). Va:ldi 'apt o
u:dad g u:dagkaj! Fill the bucket with water!
ge-u:dag NComp: ocean (same as ge-ka:ck)
ka:ck-u:dag NComp[loc: ka:ck-u:dag[]-c-'e]: ocean

u:dag[] Stat tr [sgs (Neutr: indef u:dag; u:dag=k. Dur: u:dag=ka-d. Interr:
u:dag=ka-him); pls: u:ug[]: to be full of obj
ex: Si u:dag g va:ldi. The bucket is completely full (of it). - u:ug 'o hegam huha.
Those buckets are full (of it).
vab 'i si u:dc udag Stat Expr tr: to be full to the brim of obj
ex: Va:ldi vab 'ab 'i si u:dc u:dag g vi:b. The bucket is full of milk up to the
brim. Kostal 'ab daha c g lial ab 'ab 'i si u:dag. A bag sits there and it's
completely full of money.
vab 'i si u:dc udag Stat Expr tr impers: to be full to the brim with obj somewhere
ex: B(<vab) 'ab 'i si u:dc u:dag g vi:b 'ab va:ldit'ab. It's full to the brim with
milk in the bucket.

u:dag[] Stat impers Unit: there is water somewhere

ex: Pi 'im(<'am) hu ha u:dag. There is no water down there. .. 'am u:dag matsp 'in
havi'in g 'o'odham hek hu. ..there is water down there which (maybe the one that)
flooded the people long ago. ..gm hu heba'i ge u:dag. .. somewhere way over there
there happens to be some water. .. c heg'ea 'am hab u:dag; pi 'am hu ab u:dag;
na'as g hu 'o'o veco 'am u:dag. ..and in it there was water; there was not exactly
water there; (it was likely that) underneath the sand there was water. Pi 'it(<'at) 'am hu
o ho(<ha) u:dagk. There won't be any water down there.

u:dag[]c'e-nakel VComp indiv [pl: u:dag[]c'e-nankel]: lobster (water

scorpion)
ex: Smu'ij g u:dagc'e-nankel 'ama'i m'am ge shohodaig. There are lots of lobsters
down there where there is an unusual amount of rocks.
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u:dag-/ u:g

u:dag-hugidag NComp(?): seashore

u:dags Stat tr sgs: to be filled with obj

ex: Si u:dags g ha'icu ma:cig. He is filled with knowledge. Si u:dags g s'apekam.
He is filled with goodness. 'Ab daha g kostal c g lial u:dags. There sits a bag and it is
filled with money. Kostal 'ab daha c g lial ab 'ab si u:dags. A bag sits there and it is
completely filled with money.

u:dags Stat intr sgs: to be filled up

ex: Hek 'o hu u:dags g va:ldi. The bucket is already filled up. Va:ldi 'o u:dags g
pilkakaj. The bucket is filled up with wheat.

u:dag-to'aku NComp inalien indiv [pl: u:dag-to:taku]: water container (either

jar or bottle)

u:dagk in Cuk[uma] u:dagk NExpr: a place name, Black Water (where the water
is black)

u:dc Postp concurs: full of obj (see also u:dk)

ex: 'Ab daha g kostal ge lial u:dc. There sits a sack full of money (unexpectedly). Hua
u:dc 'i:s g pilka. The wheat fills the basket to the brim.
vab 'i si u:dc u:dag Stat Expr tr: to be full to the brim with obj
ex: Vi:b ab 'ab 'i si u:dc u:dag g va:ldi. The bucket is full of milk up to the brim.
vab 'i si u:dc Postp Expr tr: full to the brim of obj
ex: B(<vab) 'ab 'i si u:dc ba'ihamas. It is packed full to the brim (with it).

u:dk Postp Correl [pl/distr: u:udk]: filled with obj (see also u:dc)
ex: 'Ab dai g kostal ge lial u:dk. He set down the sack filled with money (unexpectedly).
'I vasbid g navait ko:ba u:dk! Pour me a glassful of wine! u:dk 'apt o 'i vasib g
vi:b! Pour me a containerful of milk! - Kokoba u:udk o ho(< ha)vassib! Pour each one
of them a glassful of it! u:dk g ba'iham! Pack it full! u:dk 'ant toa g 'o'ohon 'ab
kavhont'ab. I filled the box with books. Pt o 'i:t g pilka 'ab hua u:dk! Fill the basket
to the brim with wheat! Ciolim hua u:dk 'am 'iava 'ecuamaiku 'e. She emptied a
basketful of cholla in her baking pit.
vab 'i si u:dk Adv Expr tr: filled to the brim with obj
ex: B 'ab 'i si u:dk u:d g vo'o. The pond is (got) full to the brim (with it). B 'i si
u:dk u:d g navait. It got filled to the brim with wine. B 'i si u:dk u:dad. He
filled it to the brim (with it). B 'i si u:dk ba'iha. He packed it to the brim (with it).

u:g N alien indiv/ aggreg [pl: uug]: mockingbird; a talkative person

ex: Mu'ij g uug/ u:g. The mockingbirds are numerous.
sto:ta-'a'anam-u:g NComp: white feathered mocking bird
 217

u:gag/ u:k-vakck

u:gag Stat impers Unit: there is/are (a) mockingbird(s) in one location

u:gag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-uugag): to be full of mockingbirds in one
location

u:gaj Adv sg: like a mockingbird

u:gaj i'ok NExpr(?): mockingbird-like speeches (speeches delivered only during

the wine ceremony)

u:g-Keli NComp(?): a nickname for a talkative old man (mockingbird-old-man)

u:k N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg u:ka-j); pl/distr: uuk]: a pair of shoes
ex: Ceka g 'eu:k! Put on your shoes! To:tajid 'a g nu:k. I am putting white polish
on my shoes. Tohajid 'a g nu:k. I am putting white polish on one of my shoes. Nt
o vadadkad g nu:k. I'll shine my shoes (one pair). Nt o ho(<ha)va'apdadkad g
uuk. I'll shine my shoes (several pairs). Nu:k 'o svaag. My shoes (one pair) are
wet. Nuuk 'o svapag. My shoes (several pairs) are wet. Svapag 'o g hauuk.
Their shoes are wet.
kaigia-u:k/ kakaiga'am-u:k/ kakiaga'am-u:k NComp inalien: a pair of
rawhide sandals
ma:gina-u:k NComp: a set of tires (for one car)
va'apdak-u:k NComp: a pair of patent leather shoes

u:k-cuckujidaku NComp: black shoe polish (instrument to blacken shoes)

u:k[a]d Vtr sgo [Neutr: def and hort u:kad]: to shoe obj (such as a horse; same as
u:kcud)
ex: Hekid 'apt 'an o 'i u:kad g kavyu? When are you going to shoe the horse?

u:kada N: act of shoeing (a horse)

u:k-gigiaag NComp inalien [3rd pers sg u:k-gigiaa-j]: shoe strings

u:kcud Vtr sgo [Neutr: def u:kc; hort u:kcud]: to shoe obj (a horse; same as
u:kad)
ex: Nt o u:kc. I'll shoe him (the horse). M g u:kcud! Why don't you(sg) shoe him!

u:kcudaku N: shoeing instrument(s)

u:k-vakck N Comp aggreg: a bush, broomweed

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u:ud/ u:'uva ju:k

u:ud see N u:d= puddle

u:ud Vintr Unit (for Repet see u:ug) pls (for sgs see u:d) [Neutr: def u:ud.
Interr: u:ud-him]: to become full
ex: ... 'ab 'i si u:ud hegam huha. ... they were (hearsay) filled up, those baskets.
u:udhim 'o. They are getting full.

u:ud Vimprs tr plo (for sgo see u:d) [Neutr: def u:ud]: to get obj to feel full
ex: B(<'ab) 'at ab si tu:ud. We are just completely full (of food).

u:ud Vtr Unit (for Repet see u:ugid) plo (for sgo see u:d[a]d) [Neutr: def and
hort u:ud. Interr: u:uda-him]: to fill obj
ex: Napt a(<va) hau:ud? Did you fill them? elma hau:udahim 'a. I am almost
through filling them.

u:udk see Adv u:dk= filled with

u:ug Vintr Repet (for Unit see u:ud) pls (for sgs see udag) [Neutr: indef
u:ug]: to get full repeatedly
ex: Huhhumc 'am 'ep u:ugc 'ep huhhum. They (wells, ponds, arroyos) get empty and
full again and empty again.

u:ugid Vtr Repet (for Unit see u:ud) plo (for sgo see udagid) [Neutr: indef
u:ugid]: to fill obj repeatedly

u:ugig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-u:dagig): to be full of water in various
locations
ex: Su:ugig 'o. There is a lot of water here and there.

u:ugim see u:dagim= in, by containerfuls

u:ug[] see Stat u:dag[]= to be full

u:'uva N aggreg: a bush with very small berries

u:'uva ju:k NExpr(?): rain with very tiny drops (like the berries of the u:'uva
bush)
 219

tacu/ ta

ta-

tacu (dial: tacua/ tacuva) Vtr [Neutr: indef tacu. Dur: tacu-d. Interr: tacu-him]: to want/
need obj; to love obj
ex: Tacu 'u(<'a) mant o cikp. I want to work. Nap tacu mapt o a(<va) cikp tve:m? Do
you(sg) want to work with us? He'es o 'i ge'ejkad map heg tacu? How big do you want
it? Nap si tacu? Do you need it very much? Si 'i(<'a) tacu. I need it very much. Pi
hoho'id pi tacu mas ab o bei g 'ali pi ha kunc. She doesn't want to have a child without
being married. Skeg 'a ha'icu tacu. I have nice plans (I want something nice). Nap
ntacu? Do you love me?

tacui N inalien: beloved one

Tacuij: a nickname (his/her beloved)

tacui vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's beloved one

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) ntacui. He/she is my beloved one.

tacui in ha'icu tacui NExpr inalien aggreg [1st pers sg: ha'icu n-tacui; 3rd pers sg:
ha'icu tacui-j]: wish(es), desire(s)
ex: Hemu hub(<hab) 'eju: g ha'icu ntacui. Now my wishes have been fulfilled (have
happened). Ha'icu 'i 'emtacui 'am o 'i 'ulik! Be mature in your(pl) various wishes!

tacuidag Stat: to have wishes, desires, plans

ex: Skeg 'a tacuidag. I have nice plans. Heg 'o s'ap tacuidag. He has good plans.

tacuidag in ha'icu tacuidag NExpr inalien aggreg [3rd pers sg ha'icu tacuida-j]:
ingredients/ material for realizing a desire (such as making a basket, an olla)

tacuidkam/ tacuikam N subst: one(s) with wishes, desires, plans

ex: s'ap tacuidkam hemajkam= people with good plans vepo tacuikam= one(s) with
wishes similar to mine
navait tacuikam NExpr (?) aggreg: one(s) with wishes/plans for the wine feast
ex: ... si s'ap 'eta:t g navait tacuikam. ... those desiring the wine feast rejoiced.

ta see Vtr ta[a]n= to spread obj open

ta N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: taa-j; instr: 1st pers sg: n-ta-kaj); pl: ta:ta]: foot
ex: Mac 'am hekaj keiapac 'oimme. (Feet are) that with which we step as we walk
around. Nt o a(<va) 'u'ukcid g ntakaj. I'll hold it with my foot. Nt o a(<va) 'u'ukcid g
nta:takaj. I'll hold it down with my feet.
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ta/ taa

ta Adv : on foot
ex: Nt ab o nta 'ab hi:. I'll just go on foot (on my foot).

ta Stat sing [mult: ta:ta]: to have a foot

ex: Ge'ege ta:ta 'o. He has big feet.

ta s- Adv: like a foot, of foot

ex: Sta 'u:v. It smells like a foot (of feet).

ta[a]gid Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-ta:ta[a]gid) [Neutr: def 'e-taag; hort 'e-
tagid]: to move/ shake one's foot
ex: Si 'i(<'e)taag. He moved his foot (once) violently. Pi g 'am 'etagid! Don't move
your foot!

taag see Vreflex 'e-ta[a]gid= to move/ shake one's foot

taai N aggreg alien [distr: tataai]: road runner

ex: Smu'ij g taai 'ama'i. There are lots of road runners down there.

taaig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-tataaig): to be full of road runners in a
single location.

taaj/ takaj Adv sg [pl: ta:taaj/ ta:takaj]: on foot

ex: B(<'ab) g gahi 'i ge: 'etaaj! Cross (coming this way) on foot! Nt ab o ntaaj/
ntakaj. I'll just go on foot. Tt ab o tta:taaj/ tta:takaj hihi. We'll just go on foot. 'Ea
hab masma mat ab 'etakaj 'am hi:. At that time the only way to travel was on foot.

ta[a]n Vtr sgo (for plo see ta:taan) [Neutr: def ta; hort taan; imper sgs tana-.
Correl: taan-k; immed: taan-ka-'i. Compl: tan-ok; immed: tan-oka-'i. Interr: taana-
him]: to spread open obj
ex: Nt o 'i ta g Jio-'O'ohon. I'll open (spread) the Bible. Nt o ta g pilsa. I'll spread the
blanket. N(<'an) g taan g pilsa! Spread the blanket! Taanahim 'a. I am spreading
it. 'I g taanoka'i! Spread it first (before you do anything else)!

taanc semi Stat tr sgo (for plo see ta:taanc) [Neutr: indef taanc. Dur: taanci-d]:
to have obj spread open

taa see Vtr ta[a]id= to widen obj

taa see Vdtr ta[a]id= to spread obj for somebody
 221

taa/ taim

taa Stat sgs [pls: ta:taa]: to be spread, spread open

ex: Taa 'o. It is spread. Ta:taa 'o. They are spread.

taa s- Adj sg [pl: s-ta:taa]: wide

ex: Staa vainomga. He has a wide knife. staa 'ipuam= the one with the wide
skirt sta:taa 'i'ipuam= the ones with the wide skirts.

taa s- Stat sgs [pls: s-ta:taa]: to be wide

ex: No staa g vo:g? Is the road wide? 'Idam vopog 'o sta:taa. These roads are
wide. Cum 'o staakahim. It used to be wide.

ta[a]id Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def taa; hort taid]: to spread obj open for somebody
ex: Nt o 'i taa g 'o'ohon. I'll spread the book open for him. 'I taid g Jio-'o'ohon!
Spread the Bible open for him!

ta[a]id Vtr sgo (for plo see ta:ta[a]id) [Neutr: def taa; indef and hort taid.
Interr: taida-him]: to widen obj
ex: Nt o 'i taa. I'll widen it. T o 'i taa g vo:g. They are going (hearsay) to widen
the road. 'I taid g 'ipu! (Could you) widen my skirt! Taidahim 'a. I am
widening it.

ta-bo:l NComp inalien: football

ta-bo:l VComp reflex: to play football with each other

ex: Tt o tta-bo:l. We'll play football together.

takaj see Adv taaj= on foot

takam N subst sing [mult: ta:taam]: one with a foot

ex: tosko takam= one with a swollen foot totsko ta:taam= one with swollen feet

taim N subst [pl: ta:taim]: one that is spread

mi:sa-da:m-taim NComp alien indiv [sg (3rd pers mi:sa-da:m-taim=ga-j); pl:
mi:sa-da:m-ta:taim]: table cloth
vo'iku da:m taim NExpr inalien [sg (3rd pers vo'ikua-j da:m tadim); pl:
vo'iku da:m ta:taim]: bed spread, sheet

taim s- Adv: widely spread

ex: Staim 'o pilkaig. There is a wide (field) of wheat (there is wheat widely spread).
Staim hab cu'ig. It seems widely spread.
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tapo/ tai

tapo N aggreg: hair on the foot

cu:v-tapo NComp aggreg: a flower (hair on the foot of a jackrabbit, also called
cu:v-ta:ta)

taagig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of Burr-sage in one location

taag N aggreg alien: a bush, Burr-sage (Franseria deltoidea)

tava Vintr Unit sing: to bump one's foot

ex: B(<'ab) 'ant si tava 'ab ki:t'ab. I bumped my foot real hard against the wall.

tahae Vdtr Repet (for Unit see ta:) [Neutr: indef tahae]: to ask somebody for
something repeatedly
ex: Ves maad 'o 'i a ntahae g lial. Every month he asks me for money.

tahae Vreflex tr Repet (for Unit see 'e-ta:) [Neutr indef 'e-tahae. Dur: 'e-
tahae-d; concurs 'e-tahaed-c]: to be asked for obj repeatedly
ex: Heg 'o pi iadc pi hekid ha'icu cecega 'am cum 'etahaedc. Not being observant he
never finds anything when he is asked for it.

tahi see Vtr taik= to split obj

tahumdag in ha'icu tahumdag NExpr: fibers

'a'u-tahumdag NComp: agave fibers

tahumdag Stat: to have fibers

ex: 'A'u ge tahumdag. The agave cactus has fibers (unexpectedly).

tahumdaj N: fibers of a previously mentioned plant (its fibers)

ex: Nt o hekaj g tahumdaj. I'll use its fibers.

tahum-kostal NComp indiv [pl: tahum-kokstal]: gunny sack, burlap bag

tai see Vdtr ta:= to ask somebody for obj

tai N: fire
ex: Taic'e 'at gei. It fell in the fire. Scuhugam o dahak tai vui g hu ki:c'ea. At
night they sit facing the fire inside the house.
 223

tai/ taivig

tai N alien aggreg [instr: tai-kaj; instr reflex: 'e-tai=ga-kaj]: match(es)

ex: Nt o hema hatai g tai. I'll ask somebody for matches. Taikaj 'ant o nai. I'll light the
fire with a match.

tai N: name of the center in the gins game

tai-cucadam NComp aggreg: firemen (ones-who-continually-put-out-a-fire)

taiga Stat: to have (a) match(es)

ex: Nap ge taiga? Do you have (a) match(es). Pi 'i(<'a) ha taiga. I don't have any
matches.

taiga s- Stat: to have lots of matches

ex: Heg 'o staiga. He has lots of matches.

taigakam N subst: one(s) with matches

ex: hega'i taigakam= the one with matches hegam taigakam= those with matches.

taik Vtr [Neutr: def tahi; indef and hort taik; imper sgs taika-. Dur: taika-d. Interr:
taika-him]: to split obj (used only about devilsclaw pods)
ex: Nt o tahi g 'ihug. I'll split devilsclaw. 'Oi g taik g 'ihug! Hurry and split devilsclaw
pods! Taik g 'ihug. She is splitting devilsclaw pods. Taikahim 'a. I have been
splitting it (devilsclaw pods).

taika N: act of splitting devilsclaw pods

taika N inalien aggreg: bunch of devilsclaw pods in the process of being split

taikid Vdtr [Neutr: def taik; indef and hort taikid. Dur: taikida-d]: to split obj
(devilsclaw pods) for somebody
ex: Pt o ntaik g 'ihug. You will split devilsclaw pods for me. Ntaikida g 'ihug! Split
devilsclaw pods for me! Heg 'o 'i a ntaikid g 'ihug. She is splitting devilsclaw (pods)
for me here.

taik see Vdtr taikid= to split (devilsclaw pods) for somebody

taivigig (dial: taivigag) s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-tataivigig): to be full of
fireflies, scarabens in a single location

taivig (dial: taivig) N aggreg [distr: tataivig]: firefly; scarabens (a green beetle)
 224

tako/ tamal-

tako Part: yesterday

g hema tako Adv Expr: the day before yesterday
g hu 'i hema tako Adv Expr: three days ago

tako da:m juk Adv Expr: yesterday afternoon

tako gm hu 'i juk Adv Expr: yesterday afternoon

tako huunk Adv Expr: yesterday evening

tako si'alim Adv Expr: yesterday morning

takva Vtr [Neutr: def and hort takva. Interr: takva-him]: to uproot obj
ex: Nt o takva g kui. I'll uproot the tree. T o ho(<ha)takva. They are going (hearsay)
to uproot them.

takvui (dial: takvei/ takvai) N alien aggreg: yucca

takvuig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-tatkvuig): to be full of yucca in a single
location

takvuiga Stat: to have yucca

talvi see Vtr talvin= to twist obj, to crank (a car)

talvin N indiv [pl: tatalvin]: spindle for making rope (same as talvinaku)

talvin Vtr [Neutr: def talvi; indef and hort talvin. Dur: talvina-d]: to twist obj, to crank
(a car)
ex: Nt o talvi g vijina. I'll twist a rope (make a rope). B(<'ab) g 'i talvin g ma:gina!
Crank the car! Talvina! Twist it/crank it! 'I talvin g ma:gina. He is cranking the
car.

talvinaku N indiv [pl: tatalvinaku]: spindle for making rope (same as talvin); crank

talvint Vtr sing: to make a spindle for making rope out of obj

tamal N alien aggreg [distr: tatamal]: tamales

ex: Ha'i bia g tamal! Dish out a few tamales!

tamal-cemait NComp inalien indiv [pl: tamal-cecemait]: cornflour tortilla

 225

tamalt/ tamhogid

tamalt Vtr Unit (for Repet see tatamalt) [Neutr: def tamal; hort tamalt]: to make
tamales out of obj
ex: Nt o ha'i tamal. I'll make some tamales (out of it). Tt hig o ha'i tamal. Let's make
some tamales (out of it). Ha'i g tamalt! You(sg) make some tamales (out of it)!

tamalta N inalien aggreg [1st pers sg: ntamalta]: tamales in the process of being made

tambal, tamblo see N tamval= drum

tamcu (dial: tamcua) Vtr [Neutr: def and hort tamcu]: to injure obj accidentally
ex: Pt o ntamcu, sko'ok 'o kahio. You are going to injure me, my leg hurts.

tamcu Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-tamcu]: to injure oneself accidentally

ex: Ntamcu 'unt(<'ant). I injured myself.

tamcua Vtr [Neutr: indef tamcua]: to injure obj accidentally reiteratedly

tamcua Vreflex: to injure oneself accidentally reiteratedly

ex: Ntamcua 'a. I injure myself again and again.

tamhaincud Vimpers tr [Neutr: def tamhainc; indef tamhaincud]: to make somebody's

teeth hurt (as when biting into a sour fruit)
ex: Ntamhainc. It made my teeth hurt. Ntamhaincud ['o]. It usually makes my teeth
hurt.

tamho see Vtr s-tamhog= to get annoyed at obj

tamhog s- Vtr Unit (for Repet see s-tatamhog) [Neutr: def s-tamho; indef s-tamhog.
Dur: s-tamhoga-d. Interr: s-tamhoga-him, s-tamhogi-him]: to get annoyed at obj
ex: Nt o stamho. I'll get annoyed at him. Nt o smtamho. I'll get annoyed at you(sg).
Sha-'an-tamhog. I get annoyed at them. Stamhog 'a 'o hega'i 'o'odham. I get annoyed
at that man. Sntamhog 'o. He gets annoyed at me. Nt o stamhogad. I'll be getting
annoyed at him (constantly). Cum stamhogahim 'a. I used to get annoyed at him.

tamhogcud s- Vreflex: to get annoyed easily (same as s-'e-tamhogid)

ex: Sntamhogcud 'a. I get annoyed easily.

tamhogid s- Vreflex: to get annoyed easily (same as s-'e-tamhogcud)

ex: Sntamhogid 'a. I get annoyed easily.
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tamval/ ta

tamval/ tambal/ tamblo (Span: tambor) N inalien indiv [pl: tatamval/ tatambal/
tatamblo]: drum

tanhaag (dial: tanhaiag) N alien aggreg [1st pers sg n-tanhaag=ga; instr:

tanhaag-kaj; pl: tatanhaag]: rubbish

tapial (Span: papel) N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg tapial=ga-j); pl: tatpial]: piece of
paper; newspaper; official document
ex: Nt o ha'i tacu g tatpial k 'ab o ha'o'oho. I'll need some pieces of paper to write a few
letters (to some people). M g hu da'icud hega'i tapial! Throw away this piece of paper!
M g hu e:ncud hegam tatpial! Throw away those pieces of paper! M g hu 'iava g
tatpial! Throw away the papers (in a pile or in a container)! M g hu ha'i'ava g tatpial!
Throw away the papers (in several piles or containers)!
ma:sidag-tapial NComp alien: birth certificate

tasa (Span: tasa) N: cup

tasa-cekku NComp indiv: saucer

ta N: sun
ex: Si eid g ta. The sun is shining on me (looking at me). Hega'i mo 'an himadc
hekaj ttonolid. The sun is that which goes (in the sky) and thereby gives us light.

ta N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg n-ta=ga); pl: tat]: clock, watch

ta N aggreg: day
ex: He'ekia 'i ta ve:gaj? In how many days? Gi'ik ta ve:gaj. In four days.
ce:gig ta NExpr inalien: feast day (same as piast ta)
ha'icu ta NExpr: holiday, day of festivity
ex: ... matp heba'i 'am ha'icu 'i 'i(<'e)'ai g ta. ... whenever there was a day of festivity
Hualub taga NExpr: Guadalupe's Feastday
ma:sidag-ta NComp inalien: birthday
piast ta NExpr inalien: feast day (same as ce:gig ta)

ta in Adv Expressions:
ge ta Adv Expr: all day long
ex: Ge ta vo'o. He stays in bed all day. Kutp ge ta 'am ab 'i 'apcudahim ha'icu.
They spent the whole day getting things ready
hemako ta 'ab Adv Expr: per day
ex: P he'es 'i ta cikpan hemako ta 'ab? How long do you work per day?
ves ta Adv Expr: every day
 227

ta/ taogid

ta Adv: a long time

ex: Natk o ta mumkud? Is he going to be sick a long time? He'es 'apt 'i ta ku:? How
long did you lock him up? P he'es 'i ta 'i a 'i 'oimme? How long have you been here?

ta vu Stat Expr [Neutr: indef vu ta; def vu ta=k. Dur: vu ta=ka-d. Interr: vu
ta=ka-him]: to be a day, to elapse
ex: He'ekia 'o (<vu) a(<va) 'i ta? How many days ago? ia k a(<va) voho 'am himk
'am u 'i gi'ik ta ... Well, and indeed after some time had gone by, after four days had
elapsed ... M(<'am) 'ant o hi: mat u o 'i gi'ik tak. I'll go there in four days. Mat
'i'aji u o 'i gi'ik tak 'apt 'am o hi:. Four days from now, you will go there.

taga vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's holiday, festivity

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) ntaga. This is my holiday. ... no pi 'ea g e'icuda vu a(<va) 'i
hataga g hemajkam. ... because at that time singing and dancing was the only festivity of
the people.

taga Stat sing [mult: tatga]: to have a clock, a watch

ex: Nap ge taga? Do you have a watch?

ta-himdag NComp: daytime (same as tatav-himdag)

ex: Sto g ta-himdag. The daytime is hot.

takaj Adv: day

g hu hema 'i takaj Adv Expr: two days ago
ves takaj Adv Expr: every day
'id 'i takaj Adv Expr: today

takta N inalien aggreg [1st pers sg: n-takta]: pieces of meat drying in the sun

ta-ma:hag NComp aggreg: a flower, blue lupine

ta-ma:hagag s- Stat Comp impers Unit: to be full of blue lupines in one location

tao Adv: clearly, plainly

tao Stat: to be clear, plain

ex: ... mat heghekaj o taokad. ... so that it will be clear.

taogid Vdtr [Neutr: def taog]: to explain something to somebody

ex: M(<'am) 'ant o mtaog. I will explain it to you(sg). M(<'am) g ntaogid! Explain it
to me! Hegam o'igkam g Jio-cihaig 'at o ho(<ha)taog. They explain God's law to
the poor.
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taog/ tataikam

taog see Vdtr taogid= to explain something to somebody

ta sisvoda[g] N Expr: sunrays at sunset or sunrise

ta 'e Adv Expr: during the day

ex: ..k 'ep pi a 'i ha ko: 'ep ta 'e. ..and she does not sleep at all during the day either.

ta 'oidam Adv Expr: all through the day

tataba see tatalba= mother's deceased younger brother

tatabko Adj: on a hillside

ex: tatabko vo:g= a road on a hillside

tatabkog s- Stat: to be on a hillside

ex: Vo:g 'o statabkog. The road is on a hillside.

tatablo see N ta:blo: cloak, shawl

tataai see N taai: roadrunner

tataaig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-taaig): to be full of roadrunners in
various locations

tatahadag see Stat s-ta:hadag= to be funny, amusing

tatai N inalien aggreg[1st pers sg: n-tatai]: sinews of a person

ex: Ntatai sma:s. My sinews show.

tatai N alien aggreg [1st pers sg n-tatai=ga]: sinews of an animal (used to make
bowstrings)

tataiga vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's sinews (used to make bow strings)

ex: D(<vu) 'o ntataiga. They are my sinews.

tataiga Stat: to have sinews (used to make bowstrings)

tataiga s- Stat: to have a lot of sinews (to make bowstrings)

ex: Stataiga 'a. I have a lot of sinews.

tataikam in Cuck-Tataikam-Siva-Ma:kai NComp(?): name of a mythological

character (Black-Sinewed-Siva-Medicine-man)
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tataikoag/ tatamko

tataikoag see Stat s-ta'ikoag= to be steep going uphill

tataivigig (dial: tataivigag) s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-taivigig): to be full of
fireflies, scarabens in various locations

tataivig see N taivig= firefly; scarabens

tatal N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg tatali-j); pl: ta:tal]: mother's younger brother (the
reciprocal term is ma'i)

tatalba N inalien indiv [pl: ta:talba]: deceased mother's younger brother

tatalvin see N talvin= spindle for making rope

tatalvinaku see N talvinaku= spindle for making rope; crank

tatam Vtr Repet (for Unit see ta:tam) sgo [Neutr: indef tatam. Dur: tatama-d. Interr:
tatama-him]: to touch obj repeatedly
ex: Ma hekid 'am 'i tatam 'i hoike. When I touch it, it wriggles. B(<'ab) 'o tatam g
gogs. He is touching the dog. Pi g 'ab hu tatamad. Don't be touching it all the time!

tatam in a tatam VExpr tr: to feel obj

ex: Tp 'am aha(<haha) a tatam g 'I'itoi c hab 'a:g ... Then 'I'itoi felt her (to discover
whether she was asleep) and told her ...

tatam in a 'e-tatam VExpr reflex: to feel oneself

ex: ia (<ku) 'am aha(<haha) a 'a(<'e)tatam (<ma) 'am hab a(<va) hema svi'isma.
Well, then she discovered (by feeling herself) that there was one more (baby) to come.

tatamal see N tamal= tamales

tatamalt Vtr Repet (for Unit see tamalt) [Neutr: indef tatamalt]: to make tamales out
of obj repeatedly
ex: Tatamalt 'a. I make tamales (out of it).

tatamhog s- Vtr Repet (for Unit see s-tamhog) [Neutr: indef s-tatamhog]: to get
annoyed at obj repeatedly

tatamko N inalien [distr: tattamko]: jaw(s), jawbone

tatamko Stat: to have (a) jaw(s)

ex: Sgevk tatamko. He has a strong jaw.
 230

tatamval/ tatkaj

tatamval/ tatambal/ tatamblo see N tamval= drum

tatanhag see tahanhag= rubbish

tataig N: thunder
ex: Nap ka: g tataig? Do you hear the thunder?

tatae Vimpers [Neutr: def tatae. Correl: tatae-k; immed: tae-ka-'i]: to thunder
ex: Tk o tataek ju:. It is going to thunder and then rain (evidential).

tatatam Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-ta:tam) [Neutr: def 'e-tatat; hort 'e tatatam. Interr:
'e-tatatam-him]: to recover one's self control
ex: T o a(<va) 'etatat. They are going to recover their self control. 'Etatatamhim. They
are recovering their self control.

tatatk see Stat Expr hab 'e-ta:tk= to feel a certain (specified) way.
tatatk see Stat reflex s-'e-ta:tk= to have command over one's senses
tatatk see Stat Expr s-cu-ta:tk= to have premonition
tatatkam see NExpr s-cu-ta:tkam= one with premonition

tatatpan Vtr Distr (for Unit sgo see ta:pan; for plo see ta:tpan)
ex: Gi'ikpa 'amt o ho(<ha)tatatp g ku'ag. Each one of you will split logs in four places.

tatav Vintr [Neutr: def tatav. Interr: tatav[i]-him]: to shine (said of the sun)
ex: Pi 'ib(<'ab) hu 'i ha tatav g ta. The sun did not shine at all Tp hems si'alim
aha(<haha) vo tatav g ta. Perhaps tomorrow the sun will shine. Tatavhim 'o. It (the
sun) is about to shine.

tatav-himdag NComp [loc: tatav-himdag-c-'e]: daytime (same as ta-himdag)

tatk in ha'icu tatk NExpr aggreg: roots

kui-tatk NComp alien [1st pers sg -kui-tatk=ga]: mesquite roots (used as firewood)
ko'ov-tatk NComp aggreg: a plant, desert-senna, rattle weed

tatk Stat [Neutr: indef tatk; concurs tatk-c]: to have roots, to be rooted
ex: Ge tatkc svink. It is firmly rooted (it has roots and it is firm).

tatk s- Stat: to have lots of roots

ex: Kui 'o statk. The mesquite has lots of roots.

tatkaj N inalien aggreg: roots (of a specified plant)

ex: hega'i tatkaj hega'i 'usaga: the (its) roots of that play stick
 231

tatkam/ ta'i

tatkam N subst: one(s) with roots

tatkam vu Stat Expr: to be one with roots

ex: D(<vu) 'o ge tatkam 'usaga c 'ab ke:k. My playing stick stands rooted there (is one
with roots and it stands there). --D(<vu) 'o ge tatkam vasib hega'i kc 'am ka:c. My
water container lies rooted there (is one with roots and lies there).

tatkt Vintr [Neutr: def tatkt. Interr: tatkta-him]: to become rooted, to shoot, grow roots
ex: T o tatkt. It will grow roots. Tatkt 'atk. It has grown roots. Tatktahim 'o. It is
growing roots.

tatkvuig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see takvuig): to be full of yucca in various
locations

tatpan Vtr Repet (for Unit see ta:pan) sgo [Neutr: indef tatpan]: to split obj
ex: P hascukaj tatpan? With what did you split it?

tatpial see N tapial= piece of paper; newspaper; official document

tatpial haulgiddam NExpr: newspaper boy (one who keeps throwing the papers for
somebody)

tatsa see N tatsa= cup

tat see N ta= clock, watch
tatga see Stat taga= to have a clock, a watch

tattam Vtr plo (for sgo see ta:tam) [Neutr: def hort and indef tattam. Dur: tattama-d.
Interr: tattama-him]: to touch obj
ex: 'Ali hatattam g gogogs. A child usually touches dogs. Pi g 'an hu hatattamad! Don't
be touching them!

tattamko see N tatamko= jaw(s)

tavogid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-tavog]: to shade one's eyes

tavogidaku N: visor on a cap or in a car

tavogs-vonom NComp: hat with a visor

ta'atagio see Postp ta:gio

ta'i see Vintr ta'ig= to back up
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ta'i/ ta:gio

ta'i Adv [distr: ta:tai]: uphill, upstream, upward, face up

ex: Nt o ta'i 'i melc g ma:gina. I'll back up my car. Ta'i g ke: g 'ema:gina! Park your
car upward! Ta'i g 'i kekiva! Stand back! ... c g 'evonom 'ab a ta'i da:k ... ... and
having pushed his hat a little further back ... Ta'i 'o'odhamag. There are people
upstream. Ta'i ia. He is looking upward. ... 'ab hab si ta:tai ul g 'e'i'ipu. ... they
threw their skirts way up. Ta:tai eia. They are looking upward.

ta'ig Vintr [Neutr: def ta'i; hort ta'ig]: to back up

ex: Nt o ta'i. I'll back up. Ta'iga! Back up!

ta'iji Adv: from upstream, uphill

ex: Ta'iji hihim. They came from upstream.

ta'ikoag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-tataikoag]: to be steep (going uphill)

ex: a 'i sta'ikoag. It is quite steep (going uphill).

ta:-

ta:blo (Span: tpalo) N inalien indiv [pl: tatablo]: cloak, shawl

ta:gio Postp. [distr: ta'atagio]: toward (no motion), in the way of/ in front of obj
ex: N(<'an) 'ap nta:gio ke:k. You are standing in front of me. Hega'i m'usaga
'om(<'am) nta:gio ke:k. Your playing stick stands in my way. Kutp heba'i ha'icu
sta'e:bidam o 'o(<'e)ju: 'am 'emta:gio. Maybe sometime something frightening might
happen in front of you. Heu'u, na 'a:i pi hib(<hab) cu'ig 'am nta:gio. Well, the same
thing occurred to me. 'Im hab ha'i cu:c g ki:k huig ta:gio. There are some houses in
the west.

ta:gio Stat tr [Neutr: indef ta:gio; def ta:gio=k. Dur: ta:gio=ka-d. Interr: ta:gio=ka-him]:
to be in somebody's way
ex: Na 'an mta:gio? Am I in your way? N(<'an) 'ap nta:gio. You are in my way.
Gam g hu him, 'in 'ap hu nta:gio! Get out of the way, you(sg) are in my way! N(<'an)
'ap ta:gio. You are in his way. N(<'an) 'ap hata:gio. You are in their way. N(<'an)
nta:giokahim. It used to be in my way.

ta:gio Vtr [Neutr: def and hort ta:gio. Interr: ta:gio-him]: to get in somebody's way
ex: ... k pi ha'icu 'an hu o tta:gio. ... and nothing will get in our way. Pi g 'an hu
nta:gio! Don't get in my way! Himk 'an ta:gio! Go and get in front of him!
Hata:giohim 'o. He is getting in their way.
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ta:gioji/ ta:hadag

ta:gioji Postp: from the direction of obj

ex: 'I 'a hu 'amje him si'alig ta:gioji. I came from the direction of the east.

ta:had s- Vintr [Neutr: def s-ta:had]: to have fun, to rejoice

ex: Pt o tve:m sta:had! You(sg) have fun with us! 'Am 'at o ge ha'icukaj sta:had g
hemajkam. The people are going (hearsay) to have a big to-do there (to rejoice with an
unusually big thing). ... c heba'i ha'icu 'am o sta:had ... ... and whenever there is a
festivity ... Tt o sta:had. We'll rejoice.

ta:hadag s- Stat: to be joyful

ex: Nap sta:hadag? Are you(sg) joyful? Nam sta:hadag? Are you(pl) joyful? ... c
hekaj 'am hab o sta:hadagk g te'i. ... so that our singing is joyful. Gami hu ge sta:hadag
g hemajkam. Over there the people are joyful (unexpectedly).

ta:hadag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-tatahadag]: to be funny, amusing (same as s-ta-'a'askima)

ex: Heg 'o sta:hadag. He is funny. No sta:hadag? Is he/it funny? Papyyaso 'o
statahadag. Clowns are funny.

ta:hadag hab Stat Expr impers intr: to feel a certain way

ex: B(<hab) ta:hadag mat 'ep o 'e'eopagad g nda:k. It feels like my nose is going to be
bleeding again. 'A kut hascu has nju:? Pi hib(<hab) ta:hadag ma has nta:tk. What
could possibly (surprise) have happened to me? I don't feel my usual self. B(<hab) 'o si
ta:hadag mant o mmua. I feel very much like killing you (it feels very much that I will
kill you). B(<hab) 'o a ta:hadag mat mu:. He feels as if he had died.

ta:hadag hab Stat Expr impers tr: to feel a certain way

ex: Pi hib(<hab) nta:hadag ma has nta:tk. I don't feel my usual self (it does not feel to
me like what I usually feel). Pi hab tta:hadag mac has ttatatk. We don't feel our usual
selves. Pi hib ta:hadag mo has tta:hadag. We don't feel our usual selves.
na:nko ta:hadag Stat Expr impers tr: to feel despondent (a mixture of hunger,
sadness, and lassitude)
ex: Na:nko nta:hadag. I feel despondent.
o'ig ta:hadag Stat Expr impers tr: to feel miserable
ex: o'ig nta:hadag. I feel miserable.
s'ap ta:hadag Stat Expr impers tr: to feel good, glad, happy
ex: S'ap nta:hadag. I feel glad. No 'om(<'am) a(<va) s'ap mta:hadag? Do you(sg)
feel glad? Pi 'am hu 'i si s'ap nta:hadag. I do not feel very good. Va voho si s'ap
ta:hadag matp 'ab je:j. Indeed, it feels good when they smoke it.
pi 'ap ta:hadag Stat Expr impers tr: to feel bad, sad
ex: Pi 'ap nta:hadag. I feel sad. Pi 'o 'ap ta:hadag. He feels sad.
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ta:hadam/ ta:

ta:hadam s- Adv: amusingly, in a funny way

ex: Sta:hadam 'o iok. He talks in a funny way. Pi g 'am sta:hadam 'a:gad! Don't be
making fun of me!

ta:hadam in Adv Expr: with a feeling of

pi 'ap ta:hadam Adv Expr: unhappily
ex: Pi 'ap ta:hadam hab 'eju:. It was an unhappy event (it happened unhappily).
s'ap ta:hadam Adv Expr: happily
ex: S'ap ta:hadam hab 'eju:. It was a happy event (it happened happily). ... hekaj si
s'ap ta:hadam o jiva 'am 'eki: 'am. ... so that he will return home happily.
o'ig ta:hadam Adv Expr: miserably
ex: o'ig ta:hadam hab 'eju:. It was a miserable event (it happened miserably).

ta:hadkam s- N subst: amusement, joy, fun

ex: B (<vab) 'i 'ai g sta:hadkam. I was overcome with amusement.

ta:hadkam vu s- Stat Expr: to be an amusing thing

ex: Vailla u sta:hadkam. Dancing is fun.

ta:hadkam subst N: feeling of

na:nko ta:hadkam NExpr: despondency (mixture of hunger, thirst, lassitude, sadness)
ex: 'ab heba'i cum a 'ai g na:nko ta:hadkam. Somewhere (on his way back)
despondency almost overcame him (hearsay).
pi 'ap ta:hadkam NExpr: unhappiness, sadness, sorrow
ex: ... hekaj gm hu hab 'i ju: g pi 'ap ta:hadkam. ... it (tobacco) removed sadness.
s'ap ta:hadkam NExpr: happiness, well being
o'ig ta:hadkam NExpr: feeling of misery

ta: Vdtr Unit (for Repet see tahae) [Neutr: def tai; indef and hort ta:; imper sgs
ta:i-; pls ta:-o. Correl: ta:-k; immed: ta:-ka-'i. Compl: ta:-ok; immed ta:-oka-'i.
Dur: ta:i-d. Interr: ta:i-him]: to ask someone for obj
ex: Napt 'am tai? Did you ask for it? M(<'am) 'at ntai. He asked me for it. B(<'ab) 'ant
tai g kavyu-bayokaj. I'll ask him for his horse collar. M(<'am) 'apt 'ep o cum tai. You
will try again to ask him for it. Nt o hema hatai g tai. I'll ask somebody for matches
Ta:i, t(<kut) o mma:. Ask him for it, he will give it to you. M(<'am) g ta: g lial! Ask
him for the money! Cum hekid 'o ha'icu nta:. He is always asking me for something.
Hek 'a hu 'am ta:ihim. I have already been asking him for it. 'Ep o 'i nta:ihi g lial.
He is going to ask me for money again (with interuptions). Ta:ida! Be asking him for
it (every time)! B(<'ab) g ab 'i 'ta:id! Keep on asking him for it!
kia ta: VExpr dtr: to borrow obj from somebody
ex: Nt o kia tai g vakoj. I'll borrow his water container from him.
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ta:/ ta:ta

ta: Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-tahae) [Neutr: def 'e-tai; indef 'e-ta:]: to be
asked for obj

ta:im see Vdtr ta:ime= to go and ask somebody for obj

ta:ime Vdtr Unit sgs (for pls see ta:o) [Neutr: def ta:im; hort ta:ime]: to go and
ask somebody for obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)ta:im. I'll go and ask them (someone) for it.

ta:o Vdtr pls (for sgs see ta:ime) [Neutr: def and hort ta:o]: to go and ask
somebody for it
ex: Tt o ta:o. We'll go and ask him for it.

ta:p see Vtr ta:pan= to split obj

ta:p see Vreflex 'e-ta:pan= to split (oneself)

ta:pan Vtr Unit (for Repet see tatpan; for Distr see tatatpan) sgo (for plo see
ta:tpan) [Neutr: def ta:p; hort ta:pan; imper sgs ta:pana-. Correl: ta:pan-k; immed:
ta:pan-ka-'i. Compl: ta:pan-ok; immed: ta:pan-oka-'i. Interr: ta:pana-him]: to split obj
ex: Nt o ta:p 'i:da'a ku'ag. I'll split this log. a:cukaj 'ap ta:panahim? With what are
you(sg) splitting it (a long log)? M g ab 'i ta:panahid. Keep on splitting it (with
interruptions)!

ta:pan Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-ta:tpan) [Neutr: def 'e-ta:p. Interr: 'e-ta:pana-him]:
to split, to crack
ex: 'Eta:p 'at. It is split, cracked (it split itself). T o 'o(<'e)ta:p. It's going to split, crack.
Kui 'eta:panahim. The tree is splitting (with interruptions).

ta:pa N indiv [sg (loc: ta:pa-c-'e); pl: ta:tpa]: split, crack, crevice

ta:pa Stat sing [mult: ta:tpa]: to be split, to have a split, a crack, a crevice
ex: ... mo 'ob(<'ab) ta:pa hega'i vav. ... up where there is a crevice in the rock (where the
rock has a crevice).

ta:sa (Span: tasa) N inalien indiv [pl: tatsa]: cup

ta:t see Vtr ta:tam= to touch obj

ta:t see Vreflex 'e-ta:tam= to experience a feeling
ta:t see Vreflex 'e-ta:tam= to recover one's self control
ta:ta see N ta= foot
ta:ta see Stat ta= to have a foot
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ta:ta/ ta:tam

ta:ta in cu:v-ta:ta NComp aggreg: a flower (jack rabbit feet; also called cu:v-
tapo)

ta:ta[a]gid Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-ta[a]gid) [Neutr: def 'e-ta:taag; indef
and hort 'e-ta:tagid. Dur: 'e-ta:tagida-d]: to move/ shake one's feet
ex: Pi g o 'om(<'am) 'eta:tagidad! Don't you(pl) be moving your feet! Pi g 'am
'eta:tagid. Don't move your feet!

ta:taaj/ ta:takaj see Adv taaj= on foot

ta:taam see N takam= one with a foot

ta:ta[a]n Vtr plo (for sgo see ta[a]n) [Neutr: def ta:ta; indef and hort ta:taan.
Dur: ta:taana-d]: to spread obj open
ex: Nt o 'i hata:ta g pipilsa. I'll spread the blankets. 'I ta:taan g pipilsa! Spread the
blankets! 'A hata:taa g pipilsa. I (usually) spread the blankets.

ta:taanc semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see taanc): to have obj spread open

ta:taa see Stat taa= to be spread, spread open

ta:taa see Adj s-taa= wide
ta:taa see Stat s-taa= to be wide
ta:taa see Vtr ta:ta[a]id= to widen obj

ta:ta[a]id Vtr plo (for sgo see ta[a]id) [Neutr: def ta:taa; hort ta:taid]: to
widen obj

ta:taim see N taim= spread

ta:tai see Adv ta'i= up hill, upstream, upward, face up
ta:tal see N tatal= mother's younger brother
ta:talba see N tatalba= mother's deceased younger brother

ta:talim 'e-N: a pair of mother's younger brother and nephew/niece

ta:talim vu 'e- Stat Expr: to be mother's younger brother and nephew/niece to one
another

ta:tam (dial: ta:tam) N inalien aggreg [(3rd pers sg ta:tama-j; instr reflex 'e-ta:tam-
kaj); distr ta:ttam]: tooth, teeth
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ta:tam/ ta:tamcud
ex: ha'i g nta:tam= some of my teeth ves g nta:tam= all of my teeth -- Hema 'at vahava
g nta:tam. He pulled out one of my teeth.-- Pi g 'an hu ki'ip g 'eta:tamkaj! Don't hold it
with your teeth!

ta:tam Stat: to have a tooth, teeth

ex: Skeg ta:tam 'a. I have good teeth. Pi 'o ha ta:tam. He has no teeth.

ta:tam Vtr Unit (for Repet see tatam) sgo (for plo see tattam) [Neutr: def ta:t; hort
ta:tam. Correl: ta:tam-k; immed: ta:tam-ka-'i. Compl: ta:tam-ok; immed: ta:tam-oka-'i.
Interr: tatama-him]: to touch obj
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) o ta:t. I won't touch it/him. Jesus 'ab 'at ta:t. Jesus touched him. Pi
g 'ab hu nta:tam! Don't touch me!

ta:tam hab/has Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ta:t. Correl: 'e-ta:tam-k; immed: 'e-ta:tam-ka-'i.
Interr: 'e-ta:tama-him]: with hab: to get, experience a certain (specified) feeling; with
has: to get, experience a certain (unspecified or strange) feeling
ex: Begi, 'am cum 'eta:t matp pi hib(<hab) ta:hadag g cu:kugaj. Well, he got the strange
feeling that his body did not feel as usual. ... hegam 'o'odham mat 'ab 'al 'i: g navait k
hab 'eta:t g 'enaumdag. ... those fellows who after drinking a certain amount of wine
experience (their) drunkenness.
pi 'ap 'e-ta:tam VExpr reflex [Neutr: def pi 'ap 'e-ta:t]: to feel bad, sad
ex: ia c ghekaj 'am hab 'i pi 'ap 'eta:t hega'i viappoi. Well, because of that the boy felt
sad. ... c 'am hi a(<va) pi 'ap nta:t mant 'ida hi a(<va) cum mce: kupt ababa pi hi:.
... and I feel sad that although I did find you, you did not come.
si has 'e-ta:tam V Expr reflex: to experience happiness
ex: ... hegam ves, mat hekid ka: 'i:da'a, si has 'eta:t. ... all of them, when they heard
this, experienced happiness.
s'ap 'e-ta:tam VExpr reflex [Neutr: def s-'ap 'e-ta:t]: to feel good, glad, to rejoice
ex: ... hegam ves mat hekid ka: 'i:da'a si s'ap 'eta:t. ... all of them when they heard this
rejoiced. Tt o s'ap tta:t. We will rejoice. S'ap nta:tamahim. I am beginning to
feel glad (get over my sadness). Mac cum hekid s'ap tta:tamk heg hab u
"sdoakam". When we always feel good that is what it is to be "in good health".

ta:tam Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-tatatam) [Neutr: def 'e-ta:t; hort 'e-ta:tam. Interr: 'e-
ta:tama-him]: to recover one's self control
ex: Napt 'eta:t? Have you recovered your self control? Nta:t 'ant. I have recovered my
self control. Hemu 'ut(<'at) o a(<va) 'eta:t. Soon he will recover his self control.
'Eta:tama him. He is recovering his self control.

ta:tamcud Vtr [Neutr: def ta:tamc]: to make teeth for obj

ex: ... k 'an ta:tamc g ko'ov. ... and he made venom bags (teeth) for the rattlesnake.
 238

ta:tam-/ ta:tk

ta:tam-kegcunaku NComp inalien indiv [pl: ta:tam-kekegcunaku): toothbrush,

toothpaste tube

ta:tam-ma:kai NComp: dentist

ta:tam-ma:kai-ki: NComp(?): dentist's office

ta:tam-sihovinaku NComp inalien aggreg: toothpick

ta:tk hab/has Stat Expr reflex [sgs (Neutr: indef and def 'e-ta:tk; concurs 'e-ta:tk-c); pls:
'e-tatatk]: with hab: to feel a certain (specified) way; with has: to feel a certain
(unspecified or strange) way
ex: 'A ku a(<va) hemu 'am 'i 'emve:m sta:hadkahimc pi hab a 'i nta:tk mams hab o nju:.
But (surprise) I have just now had so much fun with you, I don't understand (feel) how
you can do that to me. ... k hab 'eta:tk mat o 'ip kia 'i'icudok aha(<haha) vo 'i ha'oi. ...
and he feels that he should water him (his horse) first before he follows them. B(<hab)
'a a(<va) masma hab nta:tk. I feel the same way. ia kupt 'am o eidc hab
ab o 'o(<'e)ta:tkadc 'am 'o (<vu) nsi:s ... Well, as you watch me there you will feel it is
my older brother over there ... 'A kut hascu has nju:? pi hib(<hab) nta:hadag ma has
nta:tk. What could possibly (surprise) have happened to me? I don't feel my usual self
(the way in which I feel). Pi hib(<hab) tta:hadag mac has ttatatk. We don't feel our
usual selves. a:p 'i 'i(<'e)ta:tkc hab 'eju:kc? How do you(sg) feel about your present
situation (how do you feel as you are behaving)?
pi has 'e-ta:tk Stat Expr: sgs: not to feel worried
ex: Ku 'an meidc hekaj pi has a 'i nta:tk. I watch you, therefore I am not worried.
pi 'ap 'e-ta:tk Stat Expr sgs: to feel bad, unhappy, sad
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) 'ap nta:tk. I feel unhappy. Pi 'ap 'eta:tk. He feels unhappy. Pi 'ap
'etatatk heghekaj mat mua g haka:k. They are sad because they (people) killed their
grandmother.
s'ap 'e-ta:tk Stat Expr sgs [pls: s'ap 'e-tatak]: to feel good, glad, pleased
ex: Nap 'am a(<va) s'ap 'eta:tk? Do you feel good? M(<'am) 'u(<'o) a(<va) s'ap
'eta:tk. He feels good. S'ap nta:tk. I feel good. t hab s'ap 'eta:tkc hebi(<heba'i) o
ki:k. thus feeling good he will live somewhere. Si 'int(<'ant) s'ap ta:tk 'i a 'i mei.
I am very glad to have seen you(sg). S'ap nta:tk mnam. I am glad to have met you.
o'ig 'e-ta:tk Stat Expr sgs: to feel miserable
ex: o'ig 'a nta:tk. I feel miserable.

ta:tk s- Stat reflex sgs [pls: s'e-tatatk]: to have command over one's senses, to be in full
control of oneself
ex: Nap s'eta:tk? Do you(sg) have command over your senses? M(<'am) 'a a(<va)
snta:tk. I do have command over my senses. Nam s'etatatk? Do you(pl) have
command over your senses?
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ta:tk/ ta:t

ta:tk Stat tr: to have a premonition about obj

ex: (<'a) ab mta:tk mapt 'i o jiva. I had the feeling that you(sg) would come.
(<'a) ab 'emta:tk mamt 'i o dada. I had the feeling that you(pl) would come.
C(<'ac) ab mta:tk mapt 'i o jiva. We had the feeling that you would come.

ta:tk s-cu Stat sgs [pls: s-cu-tatatk]: to have a premonition

ex: Heg 'o scuta:tk. He has a premonition.

ta:tk in pi ha'icu ta:k Stat Expr sgs: to be immune to sickness or tiredness

ex: Heg 'o pi ha'icu ta:tk. He is immune to sickness (or tiredness).

ta:tkam in s'ap 'e-ta:tkam NExpr subst aggreg: one who feels good, glad, who has
never had any reason to be sad.
ex: S'ap ta:hadkam 'an jevu da:m 'am havui g s'ap 'eta:tkam hemajkam! Peace on earth
to the people who are happy!
s'ap 'e-ta:tkam vu Stat Expr: to be one who feels good, glad
ex: 'A:i 'a u s'ap nta:tkam. I am one who is happy.

ta:tkam s-cu N subst sg [pl: s-cu-tatatkam]: one with premonition

ta:tkam vu s-cu- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-cu-tatakam]: to be one with premonition
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) scuta:tkam. He is one with premonition.

ta:tp see Vtr ta:tpan= to split obj

ta:tp see Vreflex 'e-ta:pan= to split, crack (oneself)

ta:tpan Vtr plo (for sgo see ta:pan) [Neutr: def ta:tp; hort ta:tpan]: to split obj
ex: Pt o ho(<ha)ta:tp. You(sg) will split them. Gi'ik 'apt o ho(<ha)ta:tp g ku'ag. You
will split the logs in four pieces.

ta:tpan Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-ta:pan) [Neutr: def 'e-ta:tp; indef 'e-ta:tpan. Dur: 'e-
ta:tpana-d. Interr: 'e-ta:tpana-him]: to split, crack
ex: T o 'o(<'e)ta:tp. They are going to crack.-- 'Eta:tpanahim 'o. They are about to split.
Vo 'o(<'e)ta:tpanad. They are going to be splitting (saguaro fruits, when they are ripe).

ta:tpa see N ta:pa= split, crack, crevice

ta:tpa see Stat ta:pa= to be split, to have a split, a crack, a crevice

ta:t Vtr [Neutr: def, hort and indef ta:t. Correl: ta:t-k; immed: ta:t-ka-'i. Compl: ta:t-
ok; immed: ta:t-oka-'i. Dur: ta:ta-d. Interr: ta:ta-him]: to split obj in several strands
(beargrass or yucca which are used as foundation in basket-making)
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ta:t/ titina

ex: Nt o ha'i ta:t g takvui. I'll split some yucca (leaves). a:cukaj 'ap ta:t g moho?
With what do you split beargrass? M g ab 'i ta:tad! Keep on splitting it! Ta:tahim
'a g moho. I have been splitting beargrass.

ta:t Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ta:t. Interr: 'e-ta:ta-him]: to split open (saguaro fruits when
they get ripe)
ex: Ha'i 'ab 'i 'i(<'e)ta:t. Some up there had split open. 'Eta:tahim 'o. They are about to
split open.

ta:ta N: act of splitting beargrass or yucca leaves (used for basket-making)

ta:ta N inalien aggreg: material such as beargrass or yucca leaves in the process of
being split for basket-making

ta:ttam see N ta:tam= tooth, teeth

ta:vlo V: to tie the score (in a game)

ex: Ta:vlo 'ott(<'att). We tied the score. Ta:vlo 'ot(<'at). They tied the score.

ta:vlo Vreflex impers: to get to be a tie (in a game)

ex: 'E-'et(<'at)-ta:vlo. It's a tie.

ti-

tianda see tianna= shop

tianna, tianda, cianda (Span: tienda) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg tianna-j); pl:
titianna]: shop
hekkam-tianna NComp [loc: hekkam-tianna-t-'an]: second hand store

tiannac'e-cikpandam NComp(?) aggreg: shop keeper

titianda, titianna see N tianna= shop

titina see N ti:na= tub, big basin
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ti:na/ toa

ti:-

ti:na (Engl: tin) N inalien indiv [pl: titina]: tub, big basin

tla-

tlalamba see N tla:mba= tramp

tlalambag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of tramps in one location

tla:-

tla:mba (Engl: tramp) N indiv [pl: tlalamba]: tramp

tlo-

tlologi see N tlo:gi= truck

tlo:-

tlo:gi (Eng: truck) N inalien indiv [pl: tlologi]: truck

to-

toa see Vtr to'av= to put obj somewhere

toa see Adj s-to[h]a= white
toa see Stat s-to[h]a= to be white
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toacu/ tobvi

toacu (elis of *s-tohacu) N indiv [sg (loc: s-toacu-k-'e); pl: s-to:tacu ]: white one
ex: Stoacuk 'e 'ant o hi:. I'll bet on the white (in a game).

toa-cu:v[] NComp indiv [pl: to:ta-cu:v[]]: white jackrabbit

toahim see Vintr toha= to become white

toahim (elis of *tohahim) Vintr Interr impers: to be lightening and thundering

ex: Toahim 'o. It's lightning and thundering in the distance (with interruptions).

toak (elis of *s-tohak) s- Stat: there in a white spot

ex: B(<'ab) g ha 'iava g alcohol mo 'ob(<'ab) stoak 'aba'i. Pour some alcohol where there
is a white spot (on me/him)!

toak s- subst: white place, spot

toakadma (elis of *s-tohakadma) s- V subst intr sgs [pls: s-to:takadma ]: to appear to

be white (same as s-tohama)
ex: Kus hab hi stoakadma. I thought it was white.

toakaj (elis of *s-tohakaj) s- Adv [pl: s-to:takaj]: white

ex: Stoakaj 'ant bidhu. I painted it white. Sto:takaj 'ant habibdhu. I painted them white.
Scukuma sce:dag sto:takaj sce:pamag. It is dark blue with white dots.

Toa-Kuadam 'Oks N Expr(?): name of a mythological character

toaya (Span; toalla; dial: tuaya) N inalien indiv [sg (instr: toaya-kaj); pl: totaya]: towel

tobav N alien indiv [pl: totbav]: hawk

tobdam N alien [1st pers pl: t-tobdam=ga]: hunt leader ( he calls the hunters and racers)

tobid s- Adv [pl/distr: s-to'otbid]: unevenly, crookedly, twistedly

tobid s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef and def s-tobidk); pls: s-to'otbidk]: to be uneven,
crooked, twisted
ex: Stobid hega'i 'o'odham. That man is distorted.

tobid in s-tobid hikkumi'ok VExpr tr: to cut obj unevenly

tobvi see Vtr tobvig= to twirl obj

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tobvig/ to[h]a

tobvig Vtr [Neutr: def tobvi; hort tobvig]: to twirl obj

ex: Pt o 'i tobvi! You(sg) twirl it! M(<'am) g 'i tobvig! Could you(sg) twirl it!

tods see Vtr todsid= to startle obj

tods see Vreflex 'e-todsid= to get startled

todsid Vtr sgo (for plo see totodsid) [Neutr: def tods; indef and hort todsid. Correl:
todsid-k; immed: todsid-ka-'i. Compl: todsid-ok; immed: todsid-oka-'i]: to startle obj
ex: Tods 'ant g noiga 'am gatvidk. I startled my horse by shooting off (my gun). Ntods
'apt. You(sg) startled me. Cum hekid ntodsid 'o. He startles me all the time.

todsid Vreflex sgs [Neutr def 'e-tods; indef 'e-todsid. Correl: 'e-todsid-k; immed: 'e-
todsid-ka-'i]: to get startled
ex: a 'ant a(<va) 'i ntods 'am 'i ge:ok. I got startled when I fell down there. a 'ant
a(<va) 'i ntods 'ab 'i eidok. I got startled when I saw him. ... masma vo:p mat heba'i g
manayu vo 'o(<'e)todsidk. ... they ran like a herd of wild horses which have been startled.
... tp 'am ab 'i eidok gm hu a 'i si me: 'u:pam ab 'etodsidk. ... as soon as he saw it, he
ran back there completely startled.

todsidame Vtr Unit sgs (for pls see todsido) [Neutr: def todsidam; hort
todsidame]: to go and startle obj

todsido Vtr pls (for sgs see todsidame) [Neutr: def and hort todsido]: to go and
startle obj

to see Vintr tok= to snore, groan, growl

tok Vintr sgs (for pls see totok) [Neutr: def to; indef and hort tok. Dur: toka-d]:
to snore, groan, growl
ex: Gogs 'at o to. The dog will growl. Nap tok kokac? Do you snore when you are
asleep? Pi 'i(<'a) hekid tok. I never snore. Pi 'i(<a) ha tok. I don't snore at all.
Tok 'o kokac. He snores when he is asleep. Pi g 'am tokad! Don't be snoring
(growling)!

to[h]a (dial: s-tu[h]a) s- Adj [pl: s-to:ta]: white

ex: stoha ma:gina= a white car sto:ta mamagina= white cars stoa ki:= a white house
sto:ta ki:k: white houses sto:ta mo'o: white hair sto:ta u:k= a pair of white shoes
sto:ta 'ega= white clothes

to[h]a (dial: tu[h]a) s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-to[h]a; def s-toa=k. Dur: s-toa=ka-d.
Interr: s-toa=ka-him); pls: s-to:ta]: to be white
ex: ... 'am ge 'al stoha 'e'at 'ama'i. He has something whitish on his bottom (about a rabbit)
 244

to[h]a/ tohavsig

toha (dial: tuha) Vintr sgs (for pls see to:ta) [Neutr: def toha. Interr: to[h]a-him]: to
become white
ex: Tk o toha. It will get white. Tohahim 'o. It is getting white.

toha-bid NComp alien/ inalien mass: white clay

toha-bidag s- StatComp impers Unit: to be full of white clay in a single location

toha-bidga s- StatComp: to have a lot of white clay

toha-bid-va:ga NComp inalien mass: white clay mixed with water

toha-bid-va:ga s- StatComp: to have a lot of white clay mixed with water

tohaj see Vtr tohajid= to whiten obj

tohaj see Vreflex 'e-tohajid= to paint oneself white

tohajid Vtr sgo (for plo see to:tajid) [Neutr: def tohaj; hort tohajid]: to whiten obj
ex: Tohajid 'a g nu:k. I put white polish on my shoe. --Tohaj 'ant. I whitened it.

tohajid Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-to:tajid): to paint one white design on oneself

tohama s- Adv [pl: s-to:tam]: white, white-like

ex: Stohama 'ant vako. I bleached it (I washed it white). Sto:tam 'ant havapko. I
bleached them. Stohama 'ant bidhu. I painted it white. Sto:tam 'ant habibdhu. I
painted them white.

tohama s- V subst intr sgs [pls: s-to:tama]: to appear to be white (same as s-toakadma)
ex: K hab hi stohama. I thought it was white.

tohavs N alien aggreg: brittlebush (Encelia farinosa)

tohavs N alien mass(?): brittlebush gum

ex: Tohavs 'a ki'iva. I am chewing brittlebush gum (made from the pitch of the
brittlebush)

tohavsga Stat: to have brittlebush gum (used for chewing)

ex: Nap ge tahavsga? Do you have any brittlebush gum?

tohavsig (dial: tohavsag) s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of brittlebush in a single

location
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tohog[h]iogi/ Tohono-

tohog[h]iogi (met of *tohogihogi) Vintr: to become moldy (a liquid), cottony (a

fruit)

tohonno (assim of *tohonna) Vintr Repet (for Unit see ton[o]) [Neutr indef
tohonno. Dur: tohonnoa-d Interr: tohonnol[i]-him]: to flash, to shine off and on
ex: B(<'ab) 'o tohonno. A light is flashing (an airplane, or a car on a highway with dips
or curves, or lightning). Tohonnolhim. Lightning is striking coming this way. T o
tohonnoad. It will be flashing (for a while). Hegam mo 'an 'i vuhhak mat o scuk mo
'ab 'al tohonno. (Stars are) those which come out when it's dark and twinkle.

tohonnolhim see Vintr tohonno= to flash/ shine off and on

tohonnolid (assim of *tohonnalid) Vtr Repet (for Unit see ton[o]lid): to light/ give
light to obj repeatedly

tohonnolidaku see N tonlidaku= flashlight, lamp (instrument to give light)

tohono Adv: on one's knees

tohono Adv: in the desert

ex: Tohono 'o(<'a) ki:. I live in the desert. Gm 'a hu ki: tohono. I live over there, in
the desert.

tohono-jevu NComp alien [1st pers pl: t-tohono-jevu=ga]: desert land

ex: Skegaj g tohono-jevu. The desert is beautiful.

tohono-jevu vu Stat Expr: to be a desert

ex: No (<vu) tohono-jevu? Is it a desert?

tohonoji Adv: from the desert

ex: Heg 'o gm hu 'amje him tohonoji. He comes from the desert.

Tohono-'O'odham NComp aggreg: the Desert People

Tohono-'O'odham vu Stat Expr: to be the Desert People

ex: D(<vu) 'ac Tohono-'O'odham. We are the Desert People.

Tohono-'O'odhamag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of Desert People in one location

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tohoabid/ tokakam

tohoabid/ tohoabad (redupl of *toabid) Adv: every summer, in summer

ex: Cum hekid 'ac piast tohoabid. Every summer we always have a feast.
Tohoabid 'o sma:s g to:mog. Every summer the Milky Way is visible.

tohoid Vintr impers Repet (for Unit see toi) [Neutr: indef tohoid. Dur:
tohoida-d]: to get hot repeatedly (of the weather)
ex: Da:m juhidk 'o tohoid. At noon it always gets hot.

tohoid/tohoad s- Vintr imper Repet (for Unit see s-toi): to get very hot
repeatedly (of the weather)
ex: Toabk hi a(<va) stohoid. In summer it gets real hot repeatedly. Hemu 'ut(<'at)
o stohoidad. Soon it will be getting real hot repeatedly.

tohoij s- Vtr impers Repet (for Unit see s-toij) [Neutr: indef s-tohoij]: to give
obj a fever repeatedly
ex: Sntohoij 'o. I get a fever every time.

tohoijid Vtr Repet (for Unit see to[i]jid) [Neutr: indef tohoijid]: to heat up obj
repeatedly

toka see Vtr toka= to play doubleball against somebody

toka see Vreflex 'e-toka= to play doubleball with each other

toka N: doubleball (a game played only by women; also called tokaa and tokal)
ex: Nap sma:c g toka? Do you know (how to play) doubleball?

toka Vtr [Neutr: def toka; indef toka. Dur: tokaa-d. Interr: tokaa-him]: to play
doubleball against obj
ex: Tt o ho(<ha)toka! Let's play doubleball against them! Hatokaahim 'ac. We have
been playing doubleball against them.

toka Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-toka; indef 'e-toka. Dur: 'e-tokaa-d. Interr: 'e-tokaa-
him]: to play doubleball against each other
ex: Tt o ttoka! Let's play doubleball against each other! 'E-'o-'etoka. They play
doubleball against each other. Ttokaahim 'ac. We have been playing doubleball
against each other. ... 'am vuak 'am a 'i 'i(<'e)tokaahim. ... having put it down (the
ball) they played doubleball against each other for a while.

tokaa N: doubleball (a game played only by women; also called toka and tokal)
ex: Nap sma:c g tokaa? Do you know (how to play) doubleball?

tokakam s- N subst sg [pl: s-totkakam]: doubleball player

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tokao/ toki habehiddam

tokao Vtr pls [Neutr: def and hort tokao]: to go and play doubleball against obj
ex: Tt o ho(<ha)tokao. We'll go and play doubleball against them.

tokal N: doubleball, a game played only by women (also called toka and tokaa)
ex: Nap sma:c g tokal? Do you know (how to play) doubleball?

tokalidkam s- N subst sg [pl: s-totkalidkam]: one good at playing doubleball

tokalidkam vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-totkalidkam]: to be one good at playing

doubleball
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) stokalidkam. She is a good doubleball player.

tokalig s- Stat sgs [pls: s-totkalig]: to be good at playing doubleball

tokdho N indiv [pl: totkdho]: spider

ex: Tokdho ki:t 'aba'i. The spider made its web up there.

tokdho vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu totkdho]: to be a spider

tokdho-ki: NComp indiv [pl: totkdho-ki:k]: cobweb

tokdho-vijina NComp: spider silk

toki N alien mass [distr: totki]: cotton

ex: Hehe'es 'amt 'i be:bhe g toki? How much cotton did each one of you pick? B(<'ab)
o 'i ha be:bhe g 'etotkiga! Each one of you will bring some of your cotton!

toki N aggreg: cotton (plant)

ex: Ha'i hio g toki. Some cotton bushes are in bloom.

toki-behedam NComp alien aggreg: cotton pickers (also called toki habehiddam)

toki-beiku[-ma:gina] NComp indiv [pl: toki-beiku(-mamagina)]: cotton picker

(machine)

tokig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-totkig): to be full of cotton plants in a single
location

toki habehiddam NExpr aggreg: cotton picker(s) (one(s) picking cotton for
somebody)
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toki-/ tonko'icud

toki-kostal NComp inalien [loc: toki-kostal-c-'e]: cotton sack (used in picking cotton)

toki-lo:ba NComp inalien mass [3rd pers sg: toki-lo:ba-j]: cotton cloth

toki-lo:ba StatComp: to have cotton cloth

ex: Nap ge toki-lo:ba? Do you(sg) have some cotton cloth?

toki-vijina NComp inalien: cotton rope

toki-vijinat VComp tr: to make a cotton rope out of obj

ton see Vintr ton[o]l= to shine

tonck Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef tonck. Dur: toncka-d. Interr: toncka-him); pls: to:tonck]: to
be kneeling down
ex: Tonck 'o. He is kneeling down. To:tonck 'o. They are kneeling down. Pt ab o
tonckad! Stay on your knees! Mt ab to:tonckad! Stay on your(pl) knees!

tonckva Vtr Unit sing (for mult see totonckva) [Neutr: def and hort tonckva]: to
knock obj down with one's knee
ex: Pt o 'i tonckva! Knock it down with your knee! Pt o tonckva. You(sg) are going to
knock it down with your knee.

tonam s- Adj sg [pl: s-totondam]: shiny, bright

ex: stonam ta= the bright sun stonam cevag= a shiny cloud stotonam cevag=
shiny clouds

tonam-hodai/ hodai-tonam NComp alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -tonam-

hodai=ga); pl: totonam-hohodai]: ceremonial crystal (shiny stone)

tonhai see Vtr tonhain= to hit obj with one's knee

tonhain Vtr sing (for mult see totonhain) [Neutr: def tonhai; hort tonhain]: to hit obj
with one's knee
ex: Ntonhai. He hit me with his knee. Tonhaina! Hit him/it with your knee! Pi g 'an
hu ntonhain! Don't hit me with your knee!

tonk see Vintr tonko'o= to get thirsty

tonko'icud Vimpers tr plo (for sgo see tonomcud) [Neutr: def tonko'ic]: to make obj
get thirsty
ex: Ttonko'ic ['at]. It made us get thirsty.
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tonko'o/ tonolhim

tonko'o [s-] Vintr pls (for sgs see [s]-tonom) [Neutr: def tonk; indef tonko'o. Correl:
ton-k; immed: ton-ka-'i. Interr: tonko-him]: to become thirsty
ex: Tonk 'att. We are thirsty. Tonkohim 'ac. We are getting thirsty. Koi 'at tonka'i.
They have just died of thirst.

tonlidaku N inalien indiv [pl: tohonnolidaku]: flashlight, lamp (instrument to give

light)

tonlidc semi Stat tr [Neutr: indef tonlidc Dur: tonlidci-d]: to have obj lit
ex: ... t hekaj o ttonlidcid. ... so that it (the lamp) will keep us lit.

tonlidc semi Stat: to have the light on

ex: No 'om(<'am) 'etonlidc? Does he have the light on? ... kumt 'am o a(<va) 'eei
mams hascukaj o 'o(<'e)tonlidc o 'oiyopod. ... and you will see for yourselves with what
you will light yourselves as you go around.

tonlig N inalien [3rd pers sg tonolga-j]: light

ex: ... kut g tonolgaj 'an si ton have:gaj. ... and his light shone brightly around them.

tonlig s- Stat impers: to be light

ex: Mo cuhugc'e 'an 'i vuke mo hekaj stonlig. (The moon is) that which comes out at
night and thereby it is light.

ton[o] (assim of *ton[a]) Vintr Unit (for Repet see tohonno) [Neutr: def ton; indef
tono. Correl: tono-k; immed: tono-ka-'i. Compl: ton-ok; immed: ton-oka-'i. Dur:
tona-d. Interr: tonol[i]-him]: to shine
ex: ... 'ab ab 'i cum ton g ma:sidag. ... as soon as dawn had shone. ... 'ab aha(<haha) ab
'i cum ton g si'alig. ... as soon as morning had shone. ... kut g tonolgaj 'an si ton
have:gaj. ... and its (the sun) light shone brightly all around them. Ga hu 'o tono g
mu:la. Over there shines a mule (a white or light mule). No 'om(<'am) tono? Is the
light on? 'O ob(<vab) si tono. It shines very brightly. 'I 'at o a(<va) tonad g
vepegi. The light will be on. Tonoka'ik cu:. It shone and went out. T 'ab 'i tonolhi
k hab kaij g Jevu-Ma:kai ... After it had started being light the Earth Maker said ...
Ma:sidag 'i tonolhi. It was getting to be dawn (dawn started to shine). Hi: 'at k 'am 'i
tonolhi. He walked away and his light (or his white shirt) was shining off and on. Me:
'at k 'am 'i tonolhi. He drove away and his lights were shining off and on.

tonol see Vtr ton[o]lid= to light, give light to obj

tonolgaj see N tonlig= light
tonolhim see Vintr ton[o]= to shine
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ton[o]lid/ to

ton[o]lid (assim of *ton[a]lid) Vtr Unit (for Repet see tohonnolid) [Neutr: def tonol;
indef and hort tonlid; concurs tonlid-c]: to light, give light to, obj
ex: M(<'am) 'ant o 'i mtonol. I'll give you (some) light. 'I ntonlid! Give me (some) light!
Hega'i mo 'an himadc hekaj ttonlid. (The sun is) that which goes in the sky and thereby
gives us light.

tonom [s-] Vintr Unit (for Repet see tonommuk) sgs (for pls see tonko'o) [Neutr:
def [s-]tonom. Correl: [s-]tonom-k; immed: [s-]tonom-ka-'i. Interr: [s-]tonom[i]-him]: to
become thirsty
ex: a 'ant a(<va) 'i tonom. I am quite thirsty. ... cum 'as hebi(<heba'i) o tonom. ... no
matter how thirsty he gets. Tonomhim 'a. I am getting thirsty. Mu: 'at tonomk. He
died of thirst (having gotten thirsty).

tonomcud Vimpers tr sgo (for plo see tonko'icud) [Neutr: tonomc]: to make obj get
thirsty
ex: Ntonomc ['at]. It made me get thirsty.

tonomdag N [instr: tonomdag-kaj]: thirst

ex: Tonomdag 'at hakokda. Thirst killed them. Tonomdagkaj 'at koi. They died of thirst.

tonomma s-ta Stat: to be thirst-producing

ex: 'On 'o statonomma. Salt is thirst producing. Statonommakahim 'in tohono-jevu
da:m. There used to be thirstiness (it used to be thirst-producing) in the desert.

tonommuk Vintr Repet (for Unit see [s-]tonom) sgs: to become thirsty repeatedly

tonva Vintr sgs (for pls see to:tonva) [Neutr: def and hort tonva. Correl: tonva-k;
immed: tonva-ka-'i. Compl: tonv-yok; immed: tonv-yoka-'i. Interr: tonvu-him]: to kneel
down
ex: Pt ab o tonva! Just kneel down! Pt o tonva g hemako 'o(<'e)to:nkaj! Kneel down on
one of your knees! Tonvuhim 'o. He is about to kneel down. Tonvyoka'i! Kneel down
first!

to s- N: heat
ex: Sto 'at o hiosc. The heat will make it bloom.

to s- Adj: hot

to s- Stat [Neutr: indef s-to; def s-to=k. Dur: s-to=ka-d. Interr: s-to=ka-him]: to be
hot
ex: Sto g hohodai. The stones are hot. Sto 'o g ta-himdag. The daytime is hot. Sto
'a c shapamac. They say that they are lazy because of the heat. Hemu 'ut(<'at) o
a(<va) stok. Soon it will be hot.
 251

toabig/ toij

toabig N: hot season, summertime (same as toab[]k and toabkam)

toab[]k N subst: summertime (same as toabkam and toabig)

ex: ... mat hekid 'ab o 'i vuha g habahidag kumt o smai mo g toabk 'emiabidkahim. ...
when their fruit comes out you(pl) will know that summer is approaching.

toab[]k Adv: in summer (same as toabkaj)

ex: Cum hekid 'ac piast toabk. We always have a feast in summer. Toabk 'o sma:s g
to:mog. In summer the Milky Way is visible.
g hema toabk Adv Expr: last summer

toabkaj Adv: in summer (same as toab[]k)

ves toabkaj Adv Expr: every summer
ex: Ves toabkaj 'ac ha'icu 'e'ea. Every summer we plant seeds.

toabkam N subst: summertime (same as toab[]k and toabig)

ex: Nap shoho'id g toabkam? Do you like summertime?

to-hodai NComp alien mass [3rd pers sg to-hodai=ga-j]: lime powder

ex: Ba:pt ce: g to-hodai? Where did you put the lime?

toi Vintr impers Unit (for Repet see tohoid) [Neutr: def toi. Interr: toi-him]: to
get hot (of the weather)
ex: Toi 'it(<'at) hemu. It's hot now. Toihim 'o. It's getting hot. Ba'ic 'i toihi. It got
hotter and hotter.

toi s- Vintr impers Unit (for Repet see s-tohoid) [Neutr: def s-toi. Interr: s-toi-
him]: to get very hot (about the weather)
ex: Stoi 'it(<'at) hemu. It's real hot now. Stoihim 'o. It's getting real hot.

toi Vimpers tr sgo (for plo see toti) [Neutr: def toi. Interr: toi-him]: to get obj hot
(said of the weather)
ex: Ntoi! 'it(<'at). I am hot.

toij see Vtr ton[i]jid= to heat up obj

toij s- Vimpers tr Unit (for Repet see s-tohoij) [Neutr: def s-toij. Interr: s-toij-
him]: to give obj a fever
ex: Nat smtoij? Do you have a fever? Sntoij ['at]. I have a fever. Tk o sntoij. I
feel I am going to get a fever. Sntoijhim ['o]. I am getting a fever.
 252

to[i]jid/ toskoim

to[i]jid Vtr Unit (for Repet see tohoijid) [Neutr: def toij; hort tonjid]: to heat up
obj
ex: Nt o toij g u:dag. I'll heat up the water. Si g tonjid g u:dag! Heat the water up
real hot! Ba'ic g 'i tonjid g u:dag! Heat the water up some more!

tok s- N subst: place where it is hot

ex: Pi g 'am ke:kad stok 'e, sto 'o. Don't stand in the sun, it's hot.

toma s- Adv: hotly, in a hot way

ex: Stoma me g hevel. The wind is hot (runs, blows hotly). a 'a(<'o) va 'i stoma
meihim. The flame is quite hot (burning quite hotly).

tosko see Vintr tosko= to swell

tosko see Vimpers tr tosko= to make obj swell

toskoa Vintr sgs (for pls see totskoa) [Neutr indef toskoa]: to swell reiteratedly
ex: Cum 'o hekid toskoa. It swells all the time.

toskoncud Vimpers tr sgo (for plo see totskoncud) [Neutr: def toskonc; indef
toskoncud. Interr: toskoncuda-him]: to make obj get bloated
ex: Ntoskonc ['at]. It made me get bloated. Ntoskoncud ['o]. It usually makes me get
bloated. Ntoskoncudahim ['o]. I am getting bloated (with interruptions).

tosko Adj sg [pl: totsko]: swollen

ex: tosko takam: one with a swollen foot totsko ta:taam: one with swollen feet
totsko vu:puikam: one with swollen eyes

tosko Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef tosko; tosko=k. Dur: tosko=ka-d. Interr: tosko=ka-
him); pls: totsko]: to be swollen
ex: Tosko 'o g mo'oj. His head is swollen. T o sko'ok o toskok. It will be painful and
swollen. T ab o 'i toskokad. It will remain swollen (keep on being swo:llen).

tosko Vintr sgs (for pls see totsko) [Neutr: def tosko. Interr: tosko-him]: to swell
ex: T o tosko. It's going to swell. Tosko 'ot(<'at). It is swollen. Toskohim 'o g
ta. My foot is beginning to swell.

tosko Vimpers tr sgo [Neutr: def tosko]: to make obj swell

ex: T o mtosko. It will make you swell.

toskoig N: swelling

toskoim (dial: toskonam) N subst sg [pl: totskoim]: one with a bloated stomach
 253

toskoim/totoba

toskoim vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu totskoim]: to be one with a bloated stomach

toskok N subst: a swollen place

toskok Stat impers: there is a swollen place

ex: N(<'an) g 'i ndagimun 'ana'i mo 'on(<'an) toskok 'ana'i. Massage me where it is
swollen.

totaya see N toaya= towel

totbav see N tobav= hawk
totkakam see N s-tokakam= doubleball player
totkalidkam see N s-tokalidkam= one good at playing doubleball
totkalidkam see StatExpr vu s-tokalidkam= to be one good at playing doubleball
totkalig see Stat s-tokalig= to be good at playing doubleball
totkdho see N tokdho= spider

totkdhoag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-tottkdhoag): to be full of spiders in
a single location

totki see N toki= cotton

totkig Stat impers Distr: there are cotton fields in several locations here and there

totkig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-tokig): to be full of cotton plants/ cotton
fields in various locations

totlo see N to:lo= bull

totloga see Stat to:loga= to have a bull

toti Vimpers tr plo (for sgo see toi) [Neutr: def toti. Interr: toti-him]: to get obj hot
(the weather)

totob Vtr plo (for sgo see to:b) (Neutr: def hort and indef totob]: to twist obj
ex: Vo 'i hatotobk o 'i havap'u! Having twisted them, give them a pull!

totobaku see N tobaku= faucet

totoba Vtr sgo [Neutr: indef totoba]: to twist obj several times
ex: 'I totoba g ov. He twists my arm again and again.
 254

totobc/ toto

totobc semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see to:bc) [Neutr: indef totobc. Dur: totobci-d]: to have
obj in a twisted position

totobig see Stat impers to:big= there is a cottontail rabbit somewhere

totobig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of cottontail rabbits in one location

totobiga see Stat to:biga= to have a cottontail rabbit

totob see N to:b= cottontail rabbit

totodsid Vtr plo (for sgo see todsid) [Neutr: def totods; indef and hort totodsid]: to
startle obj
ex: Ttotods 'apt. You(sg) startled us. Cum hekid ttotodsid. He startles us all the time.

totok Vintr pls (for sgs see tok) [Neutr: def toto; indef and hort totok. Dur:
totoka-d]: to snore, groan, growl
ex: Gogogs 'at o toto. The dogs will growl.-- Totok 'o ko:kc. They snore as they sleep.

Totogua N aggreg: name of an 'O'odham dialect group

Totoguaig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of Totogua people somewhere

totonckva Vtr Unit mult (for sing see tonckva) [Neutr: def and hort totonckva]: to
knock obj down with one's knees

totonam see Adj s-tonam= shiny, bright

totonam-hohodai see NComp tonam-hodai= ceremonial crystal

totonhain Vtr mult (for sing see tonhain) [Neutr: def totonhai; hort totonhain]: to hit
object with one's knees

totontam see Adv s-to:ntam= crazily

totonto see N to:nto = crazy one
totontoag see Stat to:ntoag= to be crazy
totonto'og see Stat to:nto'og= to be crazy

toto N aggreg [distr: totto]: ant(s)

cuck-toto NComp aggreg: a variety of ants (black ants)
vepeg-toto NComp aggreg: a variety of ants (red ants)
'a'al-toto NComp aggreg: a variety of ants (baby ants)
'a'anam-toto NComp aggreg: a variety of ants (winged ants)
 255

totoig/ totagig

totoig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-tottoig): to be full of ants in a single
location

totova see N tova= turkey

totovag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-tottovag): to be full of turkeys in a single
location

totp see Vintr totpk= to boil

totpk Vintr [Neutr: def totp indef totpk. Dur: totpka-d. Interr: totpka-him, totpk[i]-him]:
to boil (food; for liquids see ku'ivo)
ex: No totpk g hido? Is the stew boiling? Si totpk. It is boiling hard. No
totpkahim? Has it been boiling? Hemu 'ut(<'at) o totp. Soon it will boil. Totpkhim
'o. It is boiling (with interruptions).

totps see Vtr totpsid= to make obj boil

totpsid Vtr [Neutr: def totps; indef and hort totpsid. Dur: totpsida-d. Interr: totpsida-
him]: to make obj boil (food; for liquids see ku'ivoid)
ex: Nt o totps. I'll make it boil. M(<'am) g 'i totpsid! Make it boil!

totskoa Vintr pls (for sgs see toskoa) [Neutr: indef totskoa]: to swell
ex: Cum 'o hekid totskoa. They swell all the time.

totskoncud Vimpers tr plo (for sgo see toskoncud) [Neutr: def totskonc]: to make
obj get bloated

totsko see Adj tosko= swollen

totsko see Stat tosko= to be swollen

totsko Vintr pls (for sgs see tosko) [Neutr: def totsko. Interr: totsko-him]: to swell
ex: Pi g 'am oakad, t o totsko g mvu:pui! Don't be crying, your eyes are going to swell!
Toskohim g nta:ta. My feet are beginning to swell. B(<'ab) 'atk totskohi g
mvu:pui. Your eyes have started to swell.

totskoim see N toskoim= one with a bloated stomach

totskoim see Stat Expr vu toskoim= to be one with a bloated stomach

totagig Stat impers: there is foam somewhere

ex: 'An totagig. There is foam (as on the water).
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totagig/ to'akcim

totagig s- Stat: to be foamy, full of foam

ex: Stotagig 'o g u:dag. The water is foamy. Stotagig 'o g avo. Soap is foamy.

totag N mass: foam, bubbles

totag[] Stat: to have foam at the mouth

ex: Kavyu 'i totag 'in 'eci 'an. The horse has foam at the (his) mouth.

totag Vintr [Neutr: def totag. Interr: totag[]-him]: to become foamy ( as soap or a
fermenting liquid)

tottkdhoag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-totkdhoag): to be full of spiders in
various locations

tottlo see N to:lo= bull

totto see N toto= ant(s)

tottoig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-totoig): to be full of ants in various
locations

tottovag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-totovag): to be full of turkeys in various
locations

tova N indiv [pl: totova]: turkey

to'a[k]c semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see cekc) [Neutr: indef and def to'akc. Dur to'akci-d.
Interr to'akc=ka-him]: to have obj put, placed somewhere
ex: P heba'i to'akc g 'egaj? Where do you keep his clothes? 'am to'ac/to'akc
'ehuaom 'ea. He had (hearsay) them (the roots) in his pouch. G hu hab 'i ha'u'apak
'am hato'akc. He brought them back home and kept them there. ... matp 'am hato'akc
hegam gi'ik 'u'uv. ... who keeps these four girls there. 'Ea 'an a(<va) to'akc g'u'usaga
vatto da:m. At the time they kept their doubleball sticks on top of the ramada. 'Am 'ant
o to'akc 'am o u:kudad. I'll keep them there and watch them. 'Am 'ant o to'akcidc 'am
o u:kudad. I'll be keeping them there and will be watching them.--.... heg'ea 'am hab
hato'akc ha'icu hako'ojid. ... they keep them (their birds) in there and kill things for them.
'I 'ant o to'akcid 'am huaom 'ea. I will be keeping them in my pouch. M g
to'akcid 'ehevhogidaku 'ea! Could you keep them in your refrigerator! 'Am cum
to'akckahim 'ehuaom 'ea. He used to keep them in his pouch.

to'akcim in ha'icu to'akcim NExpr: keeper of something (referring to indiv nouns in

the plural; when referring to indiv nouns in the singular see ha'icu cekcim)
ya:v-to'akcim NComp: the keeper of keys
 257

to'aku/ to'av

to'aku in ha'icu to'aku NExpr [pl: ha'icu to:ta'aku]: container, box (referring to
mass nouns or individual nouns in the plural; when referring to individual nouns in the
singular see ha'icu cekku)
gev-to'aku NComp inalien indiv: ice box
je:jena-to'aku NComp inalien indiv: cigarette box
viv-to'aku NComp inalien indiv: tobacco box
u:dag-to'aku NComp inalien indiv: water container (jug, bottle)
'ega-to'aku NComp inalien indiv: closet
'o'ohon-to'aku NComp inalien indiv: bookcase
'o'ovick-vi:pi'idag-to'aku NComp(?) inalien indiv: ashtray

to'av Vtr Unit (for Repet see to'avup) plo or mass o (for sgo see cek-) [Neutr: def toa;
hort toa-'i; imper sgs to'a-; indef to'av. Correl: to'a-k; immed: to'a-ka-'i. Compl: to'-ok;
immed: to'-oka-'i. Interr: to'a-him. Dur: to'ava-d]: to put, pour obj somewhere
ex: 'Am 'apt o toa ha'ac'e! Pour it (the water) in the olla! Hekid 'ab 'i ceadka'i 'am
'u:pam 'ep o toa hega'i 'e:'e Right after you have climbed out (of the water) pour my
blood back! ... 'ab 'u'uk 'i hab 'i toa g 'ege:gev. ... having taken his winnings, he put
them down. Ba:nt o toa g nu:k? Where shall I put my pair of shoes? Ba:nt o toa g
ncikpanaku? Where shall I put my tools? 'Ab 'apt o toa! Put them up there! 'Am g
toa'i ki:c'ea! Could you put them inside the house! M(<'am) g toa'i mi:sa da:m! Could
you put them on the table! 'I g toa'i! Could you put them here! M(<'am) g 'ep ha
toa'i! Could you pour some more of it (water)! M(<'am) g ha'i toa'i g pa:n
pa:ntakuc'e k 'an o va:k 'olhainc'e! Could you put some buns in the breadpan and put
the pan in the oven! Pi g 'am hu cum toa'i hega'i lial hegvui! Don't try to offer him that
money (put that money to/toward him)! c ha'i 'ep matt 'an da:m o 'i to'ahi. and some
more logs we will put on top of her (with interruptions). M g ab 'i to'ahid! Keep on
putting them there (with interruptions)! c gda:m 'am hato'ak 'am hagev g hohodaikaj.
and having put them on top of it they covered them with stones. 'Am 'i to'ahimka'ik
gm hu hi:. Right after he had been putting them there he left. S'ap o to'ok aha(<haha)
vo vaccvi! Arrange (your clothes) and then go swimming! 'Atk o 'evuhioa-vakonk
'am to'av g u:dag 'im vakonakuc'e. In order to wash his face he pours water in the
wash basin. P heba'i to'av g 'edadaiku mat hekid o ju:. Where do you put your chairs
when it rains? P heba'i to'av g u:dag? Where do you pour the water? Mo hekid 'i a
jijjivha g Kenneth 'an 'u''u g ya:v ma 'an to'avc gm hu hihhim. When Kenneth comes, he
gets the keys where I put them as I go out. M g ab 'i to'avad g u:dag 'am
vakonakuc'ea! Keep on putting water in the basin!
u:dk to'av VExpr dtr: to fill obj with something
ex: u:dk 'ant toa g 'o'ohon g kavhon. I filled the box with books.
'aigo to'av VExpr tr: to turn obj over
ex: M g 'a'aigo 'i hatoa'i! Could you turn each one of them over! Pt o 'aigo 'i
hato'avad! Be turning them over!
 258

to'av/ to'ok

to'av Vtr plo (for sgo see cek-) [Neutr: def toa]: to bet obj
ex: ... k ves 'am toa. ... and he bet all of it (his money). T 'am ha'icu 'ep toa hega'i
uv. Buzzard bet some more things.

to'avdam in ha'icu to'avdam NExpr aggreg: one(s) who put(s) something

somewhere continually
pa:n-to'avdam NComp alien [1st pers pl: t-pa:n-to'avdam=ga]: bread deliverer

to'avdam in 'U:pam-To'avdam NComp(?): a nickname (the-one-who-keeps-

pouring-it-back?)

to'avup Vtr (Repet) (for Unit see to'av) plo and masso (for sgo see cecka) [Neutr:
indef to'avup. Dur: to'avupa-d. Interr: to'avupa-him]: to put/ pour obj somewhere
repeatedly
ex: Nt o to'avupad g u:dag 'am vakonakuc'e ves takaj. I'll be putting water in the
basin every day.

to'i see Vdtr to'id= to put obj somewhere for somebody

to'i see Vdtr to'id= to bet obj against somebody
to'i see Vreflex tr 'e-to'id= to bet obj against each other

to'icid Vdtr [Neutr: def, indef and hort to'icid. Dur: to'icida-d]: to have obj put
somewhere for somebody
ex: Pt o nto'icid. Keep them for me there! M(<'am) g nto'icid 'egev-ki: 'e! Could you
keep them for me in your refrigerator! M(<'am) 'ant o a(<va) mto'icidad. I will be
keeping them for you(sg) there (continually).

to'id Vdtr plo and masso (for sgo see cekid) [Neutr: def to'i; hort to'id]: to put/ pour obj
somewhere
ex: M(<'am) 'ant 'ep o ho(<ha) mto'i. I'll pour you some more of it (a liquid). 'I ha
nto'id! Pour me some of it! G nto'id g vi:b! Pour me milk!

to'id Vdtr plo (for sgo see cekid) [Neutr: def to'i]: to bet obj against somebody
ex: Napt o nto'i? Are you going to bet them against me? 'Ab g 'i nto'id! Make your bet
(with these things) against me!

to'id Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-to'i; hort 'e-to'id. Correl: 'e-to'id-k; immed: 'e-to'id-ka-'i]: to
bet obj against each other
ex: ia k 'oia 'am hab aha(<haha) 'i 'ep 'eto'i 'ep. Well, then they bet again against each
other.

to'ok, to'oka'i see Vtr to'av= to put obj somewhere

 259

-to'olvadag/ to:b

-to'olvadag N: fruits of (various types of chollas)

ciolim-to'olvadag NComp aggreg: fruits of the ciolim cholla
hanam-to'olvadag NComp aggreg: fruits of the hanam cholla
kokav-to'olvadag NComp aggreg: fruits of the kokav cholla
vipnoi-to'olvadag NComp aggreg: fruits of the vipnoi cholla

to'olvadag s- Stat: to have a lot of fruits (of the various types of chollas)
ex: Sto'olvadag 'o hega'i ciolim. That cholla has a lot of fruits.

to'olvadaj N inalien: fruit of one of the various types of chollas

to'otbid see Adv s-tobid= unevenly, crookedly, twistedly

to'otbidk see Stat s-tobidk= to be uneven, crooked, twisted
to'oto'onk see N to:nk= ridge, dike
to'oto'onk see Stat impers to:nk= there is a ridge, a dike somewhere

to'oto'onk s- Stat impers: to be full of ridges, dikes (same as s-to'oto'onkag)

ex: Sto'oto'onk 'o 'ama'i. There are lots of ridges down there.

to'oto'onk[a]d Vintr mult (for sing see to:nk[a]d) [Neutr: def to'oto'onka; hort
to'oto'onkad. Interr: to'oto'onkda-him]: to make dikes, borders
ex: Tt o to'oto'onka 'i:ya'a. We are going to build dikes here.

to'oto'onkag see Stat to:nkag= there is a ridge, a dike (somewhere)

to'oto'onkag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of ridges, dikes (same as s-to'oto'onk)

to'oto'onkdaku see N to:nkadaku= instrument to make borders, dikes

to:-

to:b Vtr Unit sgo (for plo see totob) [Neutr: def, hort and indef to:b. Correl: to:b-k;
immed: to:b-ka-'i. Compl: to:ba-yok; immed: to:ba-yoka-'i. Interr: to:ba-him. Dur: to:ba-
d.]: to twist obj
ex: Pt o 'i to:b! You(sg) will twist it! Pt o to:b g nnov. You are going to twist my arm.
Pi g 'am to:b! Don't twist it! To:bahim g vijina. He is twisting (spinning) the rope.
Nt o 'i to:bahi g vijina. I'll twist (spin) the rope. Vo to:bahidc o va'unahid. Be twisting
it and pulling at it (with interruptions)! M(<'am) apt o va'unk o to:bad! After you have
pulled it, be twisting it (with interruptions)!
 260

to:baku/ to:n

to:baku N indiv [pl: totobaku]: faucet

to:bc semi Stat tr sgo (for plo see totobc) [Neutr: indef to:bc. Dur: to:bci-d]: to have
obj in a twisted position
ex: Pt o 'i to:bcid! Keep it twisted! ..matp 'i to:bc 'ab si vancku:p. ..having it twisted he
keeps pulling at it (the rope) real hard. M(<'am) 'apt o to:bc o va'u. Have it twisted and
give it a pull (at the same time)!

to:big Stat impers sing [mult: totobig]: there is a cottontail rabbit somewhere

to:biga Stat sing [mult: totobiga]: to have a cottontail rabbit

to:b N alien indiv [pl: totob]: cottontail rabbit

to:lo (Span: toro) N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg n-to:lo=ga); pl: totlo; distr: tottlo]: bull

to:loga Stat sing [mult: totloga]: to have a bull

to:m Vintr [Neutr: def to:m. Interr: to:mi-him]: to bear fruits out of the regular season,
to give a second crop
ex: Vat o to:m g nala. The orange tree(s) will bear fruits out of season.

to:m[]dag in ha'icu to:m[]dag NExpr: second crop

kui-to:m[]dag NComp(?): second crop of mesquite beans

to:m[]dag Stat: to have, bear, a second crop

ex: Vat o to:mdagk hega'i kui. That mesquite will have a second crop.

to:m[]dag s- Stat: to have, bear, an abundant second crop

ex: Vat o sto:mdagk hega'i nala. That orange tree will have an abundant second crop.

to:m[]daj N inalien: second crop of a specified plant (its second crop)

to:mog N: Milky Way

ex: Toabik 'o sma:s g to:mog. In summer the Milky Way is visible.

to:n (dial: to:) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: to:na-j; instr: to:n-kaj, reflex: 'e-to:n-
kaj); pl: to:ton]: knee; knot, ring (of a reed)
ex: Si vepegi g to:tonaj. His knees are (got) red. Pt o tonva g hemako 'eto:nkaj! (You
sg) genuflect (kneel down with one of your knees).
'ovick-to:n NComp: ceremonial cigarette
'uack-to:n NComp: ceremonial cigarette
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to:nam/ to:nto

to:nam N subst sing [mult: to:tonam]: one with a knee

ex: tosko to:nam= one with a swollen knee totsko to:tonam= one with swollen
knees ge'ege to:tonam= one with big knees

to:nk N indiv [pl: to'oto'onk]: ridge, dike

ex: Smu'ij g to'oto'onk 'ama'i. There are lots of ridges down there.

to:nk Stat impers [sing (Neutr: indef and def to:nk); mult: to'oto'onk]: there is a ridge, a
dike somewhere (same as to:nkag)
ex: ... 'an ge gi'ikpa to'oto'onk. ... in four places there are ridges. No 'om(<'am) ha'i
to'oto'onk? Are there some ridges down there?

to:nka see Vintr to:nk[a]d= to build a dike, a border

to:nk[a]d Vintr sing (for mult see to'oto'onk[a]d) [Neutr: def to:nka; hort to:nkad.
Interr: to:nkda-him]: to make a dike, a border
ex: T o hema to:nka 'i:ya'a. They are going (hearsay) to build a dike here. G hu 'o
'oimmec to:nkdahim. He is over there building a dike. 'Am g 'i to:nkdahid! Be
building (with interruptions) a dike down there!

to:nk[a]daku N indiv [pl: to'oto'onkdaku]: instrument, equipment for making dikes

or borders

to:nkag Stat impers sing [mult: to'oto'onkag]: there is a ridge, a dike, somewhere (same
as to:nk)
ex: 'An ge to:nkag. There is a ridge. 'An ge to'oto'onkag. There are ridges.

to:nk[a]jid Vtr sing [Neutr: def to:nkaj; hort to:nkjid]: to build a dike, a border for
somebody
ex: Napt o 'i himk 'am o 'i nto:nkaj? Will you come and build me a dike down there?

to:n-ke:kcug VComp intr sgs: to stay on one's knees in a moving object

ex: (<'a) ab to:n-ke:kcug. I just stay on my knees (in a truck full of people).

to:nc semi Stat tr sing (for mult see to:tonc) [Neutr: indef to:nc. Dur: to:nci-d]: to
have one's knee on obj

to:ntam s- Adv [pl: s-totontam]: crazily

ex: Sto:ntam iok. He talks crazily. Stotontam eiok. They talk crazily.

to:nto (Span: tonto) N sg [pl: totonto]: crazy one

ex: to:nto keli= crazy old man
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to:ntoag/ to:tajid

to:ntoag Stat sgs [pls: totontoag]: to be crazy (same as to:nto'og)

ex: 'Id 'o to:ntoag. He is crazy. 'Idam 'o totontoag. They are crazy. a 'ap a(<va)
to:ntoag. You are quite crazy.

to:nto maad NExpr: the month of February (crazy moon)

to:nto'og Stat sgs [pls: totonto'og]: to be crazy (same as to:ntoag)

ex: 'Id 'o to:nto'og. He is crazy. 'Idam 'o totonto'og. They are crazy.

to:ta see Adj s-to[h]a= white

to:ta see Stat s-to[h]a= to be white

to:ta Vintr pls (for sgs see toha) [Neutr: def to:ta. Interr: to:ta-him]: to become white
ex: To:tahim 'o g mo'o. My hair is getting white. Kut 'oia ab 'i to:tahi hegam
hemajkam. Then those people started to get whiter and whiter.

to:ta-bavig s- StatComp impers Unit: to be full of white tepary beans in one location
ex: Sto:ta-bavig 'am tiannat'am. There are a lot of white tepary beans at the store.

to:ta-baviga s- StatComp: to have a lot of white tepary beans

ex: Sto:ta-baviga 'a. I have a lot of white tepary beans.

to:ta-bav NComp alien aggreg [3rd pers sg to:ta-bavi=ga-j]: white tepary beans
ex: Mu'ij g to:ta-bav 'am tiannat'am. There are a lot of white of tepary beans at the store.

to:ta-bav vu StatExpr: to be white tepary beans

ex: Sbaviga 'a k u to:ta-bav. I have a lot of beans which are white tepary beans.

to:ta-cu:vig/cu:vag s- StatComp impers Unit to be full of white jackrabbits in one

location
ex: Sto:ta-cu:vig 'ama'i vo'oak 'oidc. It's full of white jackrabbits down in the valley.

to:ta-cu:v NComp: white jack rabbit

to:tajid Vtr plo (for sgo see tohajid) [Neutr: def to:taj: indef and hort to:tajid]: to
whiten obj
ex: Hato:taj g 'ekakio. He painted his legs white. To:tajid 'a g nu:k. I put white
polish on my shoes.

to:tajid Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-tohajid): to paint several white designs on
oneself
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to:tajid/ tu:go
ex: ... 'in 'eno:nhai 'an 'ep 'eto:tajidk. ... after also painting his arms white (painting
himself white on his arms).

to:takadma see Vintr s-toakadma: to appear to be white

to:ta-kaikam NComp alien aggreg [(1st pers sg n-to:ta-kaikam=ga); distr: to:ta-

kakaikam]: a variety of melon seeds (one(s) with white seeds)

to:takaj see Adv s-toakaj= white

to:tam see Adv s-tohama= white
to:tama see Vintr s-tohama= to appear to be white

to:ta-vihol NComp alien aggreg [(1st pers sg n-to:ta-vihol=ga); distr: to:ta-vipiol) : a

variety of peas

to:ta'aku see N to'aku= container

to:ton in 'o'ok-hato:ton NComp aggreg: a variety of cantaloupe (old women their

knees)

to:ton see N to:n= knee

to:tonam see N to:nam= one with a knee
to:tonck see Stat tonck= to be kneeling down

to:tonc semi Stat tr mult (for sing see to:nc) [Neutr: indef to:tonc. Dur: to:tonci-d]:
to have one's knees on obj

to:tonva Vintr pls (for sgs see tonva) [Neutr: def and hort to:tonva; imper: to:tonv-yo.
Correl: to:tonva-k; immed: to:tonvu-ka-'i. Compl: to:tonv-yok; immed: to:tonv-yoka-'i.
Interr: to:tonvu-him.]: to kneel down
ex: Mt o to:tonva! You(pl) will kneel down! To:tonvuhim 'o. They are about to kneel
down. To:tonvyo! You(pl) kneel down! To:tonvyoka'i! First you(pl) kneel down!

tu:-

tu:go (Span: tnica?) N inalien indiv [pl: tutugo]: dress

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va/ vacum[]cud

va-

va see Part va'a

vab Part: just, completely

ex: b 'i huu= just before sunset --Pt ab o je:j! Just go ahead and smoke (don't worry
about me)!-- 'Am ab jeg. It's open country -- Ciij ab hab 'i sgak. Her mouth was
parched (just dry).-- Pi ok u a 'i 'uv k 'an ab 'i dagto ha'icu! She is no lady, she left
everything in a mess (just left things)!

vababa Part: but

vaciho N inalien indiv [pl: vapciho; distr: vappciho]: mixing bowl

vacihot Vtr sing (for mult see vapcihot): to make a mixing bowl out of obj
ex: Nt o hema vacihot 'i:da'a. I'll make a mixing bowl with this.

vack see Vintr vapcum= to get under water, drown

vackig Stat impers Unit sing [mult: vapckig]: there is a charco, pond somewhere
ex: ... g hu jiva jevu da:m matp 'am heba'i vackig. ... he arrived above the ground
where there was a charco.

vack/ vack N alien indiv [sg (loc: vack-t-'am) pl: vapck]: pond, charco (same as
vo'o)
ex: Ba: 'o hega'i vack? Where is that charco? Ba: 'o hegam vapck? Where are those
charcos?

vacko'icud see Vtr vapcumcud= to drown obj

vacuk N: hematite (it is ground and used to polish pots or as ceremonial paint on masks
and clothes)

vacum[] Vintr Unit (for Repet see vacummuk) sgs (for pls see vapcum) [Neutr:
def vacum[]. Interr: vacum[]-him/ vacuma-him]: to get under water, to drown
ex: Pt o 'om(<'am) vacum. You will drown. Vacumhim 'o. He is drowning.

vacum[]cud Vtr sgo (for plo see vapcumcud) [Neutr: def vacum; hort vacumcud]:
to drown obj
ex: Pt o vacumc g mi:tol. You will drown the cat. 'Oi g vacumcud! Go ahead and
drown it!
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vacummuk/ vac[u]viop

vacummuk Vintr Repet (for Unit see vacum[]) sgs (for pls see vapcummuk)
[Neutr: indef vacummuk]: to get under water repeatedly

vac[u]vi Vreflex [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'e-vac[u]vi. Dur: 'e-vac[u]vi-d. Interr: 'e-
vac[u]vi-him; concurs 'e-vac[u]vi-him-c]: to swim
ex: Nt o vacvi. I'll take a swim. Tt o tvacvi. We'll take a swim. 'A ku pi hekid
ha'icu hub(<hab) vua ma vacvi. But (surprise) never has anything like that happened
to me when I am swimming. 'I 'o hob(<hab) 'evacvihim. He is swimming this way.
Nap 'evacvihim? Have you been swimming? ... 'am o 'o(<'e)vacvihimc 'am hekid o 'i
'i(<'e)na:tok gm hu 'up(<'ep) o hi: 'u:pam. ... she will swim there until, having finished,
she will go back home again. Shoho'id 'a mant o vacvid. I'd like to swim.

vac[u]vi Vreflex impers Unit (for Distr see 'e-vapc[u]vi) [Neutr: def and indef 'e-
vac[u]vi]: there is swimming in one location

vac[u]vi N: swimming
ex: Nap sma:c g vacvi? Do you(sg) know how to swim?

vacuvidag s- Stat sgs: to be good at swimming

vacuvidag s-ta-Stat sgs: to be really good at swimming

vac[u]viku N indiv [pl: vapc[u]viku]: swimming pool

ex: Mu'ij 'o g vapcviku. There are lots of swimming pools.

vac[u]vim see Vreflex 'e-vac[u]vime= to go swimming

vac[u]vime Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vac[u]vimme) sg and pls (see also 'e-
vac[u]viop) [Neutr: def 'e-vac[u]vim; hort 'e-vac[u]vime]: to go swimming
ex: Napt o 'o(<'e)vacvim? Are you(sg) going to go swimming? Namt o 'o(<'e)vacvim?
Are you(pl) going to go swimming?

vac[u]vimme Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-vac[u]vime) [Neutr: indef 'e-
vac[u]vimme]: to go swimming repeatedly
ex: vacvimme 'a ves domig. I go swimming every Sunday. Tvacvimme 'ac ves
domig. We go swimming every Sunday.

vac[u]viop Vreflex pls (see also 'e-vac[u]vime) [Neutr: def 'e-vac[u]vio; indef 'e-
vac[u]viop]: to go swimming
ex: Namt o 'evacvio? Are you people going to go swimming? Tvacviop 'ac ves domig.
We go swimming every Sunday.
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vadadk/ vag

vadadk Adv sg [pl: va'apdadk]: shiny, bald

ex: vadadk mo'okam= bald-headed one va'apdadk mo:mim: bald-headed ones

vadadk Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef vadadk); pls: va'apdadk]: to be shiny, bald
ex: u:dag 'am vo'oc si vadadk. The water reflects the sun (as it lies there, it is very
shiny).

vadadka Vintr sgs (for pls see va'apdadka) [Neutr: def vadadka. Interr: vadadka-
him]: to become shiny, bald
ex: Vadadkahim g mo'oj. He is getting bald (his head is getting shiny).

vadadkad Vtr sgo (for plo see va'apdadkad) [Neutr: def and hort vadadkad]: to
shine obj (same as vadadkaid or vadadkajid)
ex: Nt o vadadkad g nu:k. I'll shine my shoes.

vadadkai see Vtr vadadkaid= to shine obj

vadadkaid Vtr sgo (for plo see va'apdadkaid) [Neutr: def vadadkai; hort
vadadkaid]: to shine obj (same as vadadkad or vadadkajid)
ex: Nt o vadadkai g nu:k. I'll shine my shoes (one pair).

vadadkaj see Vtr and dtr vadadkajid= to shine obj; to shine obj for somebody

vadadkajid Vtr and dtr sgo (for plo see va'apdadkajid) [Neutr: def vadadkaj; hort
vadadkajid]: to shine obj (same as vadadkad or vadadkaid); to shine obj for somebody

vaag in ha'icu vaag NExpr inalien mass sing [mult: ha'icu ha-vaag/ ha-
vap[a]ag]: juice
cu:kug-vaag NComp(?) alien mass: meat juice
nala-vaag NComp(?) alien mass: orange juice
'ia-vaag NComp(?) alien mass: saguaro fruit juice

vaag s- Adj sg [pl: s-vap[a]ag]: wet; fresh

ex: svaag bid= wet clay; svaag cu:kug= fresh meat; svaag hu: = fresh (green) corn

vaag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-vap[a]ag]: to be wet; to be fresh

ex: Si svaag 'o. It is very wet (or fresh). Nu:k 'o svapag. My shoes are wet.
Nuuk 'o svapag. My shoes (several pairs) are wet.

vag N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: vag=ga-j; loc: vag-c-'e[a]); pl/distr: va:pag]: hole,
burrow
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vag/ vahamma

hia vagga NExpr: tarantula burrow

nahagio vagga NExpr sg [pl: nanhagio ho(<ha)-va:pagga]: mouse hole
elig vagga NExpr sg [pl: eelig ha-va:pagga]: prairie dog burrow

vag Stat impers Unit sing [mult: va:pag]: there is a hole, a burrow somewhere
ex: ... 'am vagga mam eid g hia-ki: mat 'am o vagkad jevuo. ... there it has a burrow
where you see the tarantula's house where there is a hole in the ground.

vagga Stat sing [mult: va:pagga]: to have a hole, burrow

ex: Hia ge vagga. The tarantula has a burrow.

vagima s- Stat [sgs (indef s-vagima. Interr: s-vagima=ka-him. Dur: s-vagima=ka-d);

pls: s-vapagima]: to be industrious
ex: Spamakahimc hemu svagima. He used to be lazy but now he is industrious.

vagimatalig N: desire to work, industry

vagiva Vtr Unit [Neutr: def and hort vagiva]: to pull and let go of obj (as when pulling
the trigger of a gun)

vagiviku N inalien indiv [pl: vapagiviku]: slingshot

vag:da (Span: vaquita) N inalien indiv [pl: vapggida]: transmission belt

vag:ya (Span: vaquilla) N alien indiv [pl: vapggiya]: milk cow

vagt Vintr sing (for mult see va:pagt) [Neutr: def, indef and hort vagt; imper sgs
vagta-, pls vagt-o. Correl: vagt-k; immed: vagt-ka-'i. Compl: vagt-ok; immed vagt-oka-
'i. Interr: vagta-him. Dur: vagta-d]: to dig a hole
ex: Nt o hema vagt. I'll dig a hole. M g ha vagt! You dig some (for a while)! Va: 'o
hob(<hab) 'oimmec vagt. He is down there digging a hole. ..hega'i do'ag matp 'am
ab gahi magka 'am vagtka'i. .. that mountain which she just pierced through by digging
a hole. .. 'ab hab cum aha(<haha) 'i vagtahimk 'oia gm hu ab gahi magka hega'i
do'ag. ..then having tried in vain to dig a hole there she just pierced through that
mountain.

vagta[i]ku N inalien indiv [pl: va:pagta[i]ku]: shovel

vaha see haha

vahamma see N vama= snake
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vahammaag/ vahu

vahammaag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-vamaag): to be full of snakes in
several locations

vahammacud Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vamacud) [Neutr: def 'e-vahammac]:
to turn into snakes

vahammig Vintr Repet (for Unit see vam[i]g-) sgs [Neutr: indef vahammig. Dur:
vahammiga-d]: to get up repeatedly
ex: Pi 'o hejel vahammig. He never gets up by himself. Si 'i huhuukc 'am si 'i
vahammig. It keeps going way down and way up (about a bird or an airplane). Nt o
vahammigad ves si'alig 'ab cu:dp 'o:la 'e. I'll get up every morning at 6.

vahammigid Vtr Repet (for Unit see vamgid) sgo [Neutr: indef vahammigid]: to
make obj get up repeatedly
ex: Gi'ikho 'om(<'am) 'i cum vahammig hega'i 'eve:nag. Four times he tries in vain to
make his brother get up.

vahava Vtr Unit (for Repet see vahavup) sgo (for plo see vau[li]g) [Neutr: def and
hort vahava. Interr: vahavu-him]: to take obj off, to pull (a tooth) out
ex: Vahava g 'evonon 'ab 'uv vui! Take off your hat in the presence of a lady! Hema
'at vahava g nta:tam. He pulled out one of my teeth.

vahava Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vahavup) sgs (for pls see 'e-vau[li]g)
[Neutr: def 'e-vahava. Interr: 'e-vahavu-him]: to come off
ex: 'Evahava g nta:tam. My tooth came off. Vesig 'am 'evahava. All of it came off.
'Evahavuhim g nta:tam. My tooth is loose (about to come off).

vahavup Vtr Repet (for Unit see vahava) sgo (for plo see vaug) [Neutr: indef
vahavup. Dur: vahavupa-d. Interr: vahavupa-him]: to take obj off repeatedly
ex: Heg 'o cum hekid vahavup g 'evonom. He always takes his hat off.

vahavup Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-vahava) sgs (for pls see 'e-vaug) [Neutr:
indef 'e-vahavup. Dur: 'e-vahavupa-d]: to come off repeatedly
ex: 'E-'o-'o(<'e)vahavup. It comes off each time.

vahu see Vtr impers s-vahu= to make obj sweat

vahu s- Vtr impers Unit (for Repet see s-vap[h]u) sgo (for plo see s-va:p[h]u)
[Neutr: def s-vahu. Interr: s-vahua-him]: to make obj sweat
ex: 'I 'it(<'at) svahu. I sweat (it made me sweat). 'I 'o svahuahim. I am sweating (it
is making me sweat).
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vahudag/ vaik[h]o

vahudag N inalien [(3rd pers sg: vahuda-j); distr: va:p[h]udag]: perspiration, sweat

vahudag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-va:p[h]udag]: to sweat a lot

ex: a 'a a(<va) 'i svahudag. I sweat a good deal. Hegam 'o sva:pudag. They sweat
a lot.

vahulig (dial: s-vahutalig) s- Stat sgs: to be sweat producing

vai see Vtr vaid= to call, ask to come, invite

vaid Vtr Unit (for Repet and Distr see vappaid) [Neutr: def vai; indef and hort vaid;
imper sgs vaida-, pls vaid-o. Correl: vaid-k; immed: vaid-ka-'i. Compl: vaid-ok; immed:
vaid-oka-'i. Dur: vaida-d. Interr: vaida-him]: to call, ask to come, invite obj
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o 'i vai. I'll ask him to come. B(<'ab) 'ant o 'i havai. I'll ask them to
come. Kutp 'am 'ep himk 'am hab o vai. He went there again in order to ask him to go
there. ..havaid mat 'am o 'o(<'e)hemapa g hemajkam. .. he invites the people to gather
there. M(<'am) 'o 'i mvaid g hemajkam. The people are asking you to go there. 'am
mvaid mapt o himk 'am o 'i tve:mt. ..they invite you to go there and help us. 'I vaid!
Ask him to come! B(<'ab) g 'i 'ep havaid! Ask them again to come! 'Ab o 'i
vaidka'i! Have him come over here! 'Am o himk 'ab o 'i vaidka'i! Go there and have
him come over here! B(<'ab) g ab 'i vaidad! Keep on asking him to come here!

vaid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-vai]: to get called, asked to come, invited
ex: Kut 'i 'i(<'e)vai g Jesus. Jesus was invited.

vaidas Stat: to be called, asked to come, invited

ex: ... heghekaj mo mu'i 'i vaidasc ababa pi mu'i vo 'o(<'e)'ui. ... because while many are
asked to come, not many are taken.

vaik Num [distr: va'avaik]: three

ex: va'avaik: three by three
gamai vaik: thirteen
gokko vaik: twenty-three
vaikko vaik: thirty-three

vaika N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vaika-j); pl: vapaika]: ditch
ex: B(<ab) g 'i ge: vaika gahi! Come across the ditch!

vaik[h]o Adv subst: three times, third time

ex: ..hekaj vaiko 'om(<'am) a(<va) 'i ge: u:dagc'ea. .. she jumps in the water for the
third time. ..ghekaj vaiko 'om(<'am) a(<va) 'i toa. ..he bet for the third time.
gamai vaik[h]o: thirteen times
 270

vaik[h]o/ vaillam

vaik[h]o hemako Adv Expr: thirty-one

vaikhon da:m Adv Expr subst: three times in a row

vaik[h]o vestmm Adv Expr: thirty (three times ten)

vaikokam vu Stat Expr: to be the third time

vaikpa Adv subst: in three places

ex: ... gm hu ku:gid 'am vaikpa vo 'ol(<'al) je:jega. ... on its upper end, she will pierce
three holes (she will make holes in three places).

vailla (Span: bailar, baile) N: dance, dancing

ex: Nap sma:c g vailla? Do you know how to dance? Nap shoho'id g vailla? Do you
like dancing?

vailla (Span: bailar, baile) Vtr [Neutr: def, hort and indef vailla. Interr: vailla-him. Dur:
vailla-d]: to dance with obj
ex: Vailla 'ant hega'i. I danced with him. M 'ant a(<va) si vailla g Jonis. I danced a lot
with Johnny.

vailla Vreflex sing (for mult see vapailla): to dance with each other (one couple)
ex: Tt o tvailla! Let's dance! 'E-'o-'o(<'e)vailla. They are dancing. vaillahim 'a. I
have been dancing. Nap shoho'id mapt o 'o(<'e)vaillad? Would you like to dance (for a
while)?

vailla Vreflex impers: there is a dance

ex: avai 'e 'at o ge 'evailla. I hear that this coming Saturday there is going to be a
dance (unexpectedly). Ves avai 'e 'evailla. Every Saturday there is a dance.

vailladam 'e- N subst aggreg: a couple of dancers.

vailladam vu 'e- Stat Expr: to be a couple of dancers

ex: Hegam o (<vu) 'evailladam. They are a couple of dancers.

vaillaku N inalien indiv [pl: vapaillaku]: dance floor

vaillaku Stat impers sing [mult: vapaillaku]: there is a dance floor

ex: 'Am 'o ge vaillaku. There is a dance floor over there (unexpectedly).

vaillam see Vreflex 'e-vaillame= to go to a dance

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vaillame/ vainom-

vaillame Vreflex sgs Unit (for Repet see 'e-vaillamme) [Neutr: def 'e-vaillam;
hort 'e-vaillame]: to go to a dance (one couple)
ex: Napt o 'o(<'e)vaillam? Will you(sg) go to the dance? Nt o vaillam. I'll go to the
dance. Tt o tvaillam. We'll go to the dance.

vaillamme Vreflex Repet (for Unit see vaillame) [Neutr: indef e-vaillamme]: to
go to a dance repeatedly
ex: Cum hekid 'a vaillamme avai cuckaigad. I go to a dance every Saturday night.

vaillop Vreflex pls (see also vaillame) [Neutr: def 'e-vaillo]: to go to a dance
(several couples)
ex: Tt o tvaillo. We'll go to a dance.

vainomga Stat sing [mult: vapainomga]: to have a knife

ex: Staa vainomga. He has a wide knife.

vainomig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of metal, iron in a single location

vainom[] (dial: vainam[]) N mass: metal, iron

ex: Nt o ho(<ha) hikc g vainom. I'll cut a strip of metal (some metal).
shavk-vainom[] NComp(?): aluminum (light metal)
skovk vainom[] NExpr: hard metal
smoik vainom[] NExpr: soft metal
vepegi-vainom[] NComp mass: electric wire, wiring
'aj-vainom[] NComp mass: wire, wiring

vainom[] (dial: vainam[]) N alien indiv [pl: vapainom[]: sheet/ piece of metal/ iron
ex: Nt o hikumi'o g vainomga. I'll cut my sheet of metal into pieces. Nt o
ho(<ha)hikumi'o g vapainomga. I'll cut my sheets (pieces) of metal into pieces.
ku'iom-vainom[] NComp alien indiv: chain
vepegi-vainom[] NComp alien indiv: roll/ piece of electric wiring
'aj-vainom[] NComp alien indiv: roll/ piece of wire

vainom[] (dial: vainam[]) N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vainom=ga-j; instr: vainom-
kaj); pl: vapainom[]; distr: vappainom[]]: knife

vainom-kalit NComp indiv [pl: vainom-kaklit]: train (metal wagon)

vainom-kolaa NComp: an insect, June bug

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vainom-/ vakc

vainom-vo:g NComp indiv [sg (loc: vainom-vo:g-t-'an, vainom-vo:g-c'e[a]); pl:

vainom-vopog]: railroad track (metal road)
ex: 'O cikpan 'an vainom-vo:gt'an. He works on the railroad track.

vainom-vo:gt VComp reflex impers (Unit) sing: to be built (about a railroad track)
ex: 'Evainom-vo:gtahim. A railroad track is being built.

vaip[h]ia see N vavhai= well

vaip[h]iag see Stat impers vavhaig= there is a well
vaip[h]iaga see Stat vavhaiga= to have a well

vaip[h]iat Vintr mult (for sing see vavhait): to build wells

ex: Nt o ha'i vaipiat. I'll make some wells.

vaipi see Stat s-vavi= to be sated

vaipi see Vtr vaipiid= to quench the thirst of obj

vaipi Vintr pls (for sgs see vavi) [Neutr: def vaip; hort vaipi; imper: vaipii-o.
Correl: vaipi-k; immed: vaipi-ka-'i. Compl: vaipii-ok; immed: vaipii-oka-'i]: to
quench one's thirst, to get sated
ex: Namt vaip? Are you(pl) sated? 'Oi g o vaipi! Go ahead and quench your thirst!
Vaipihim 'ac. We are getting sated.

vaipi Vtr impers plo (for sgo see vavi) [Neutr: def vaip]: to quench the thirst of obj
ex: Pi 'it(<'at) o tvaip. It will not quench our thirst.

vaipiid Vtr plo (for sgo see vaviid) [Neutr: def vaipi; hort vaipiid]: to quench the
thirst of obj
ex: M g 'i havaipiid! Quench their thirst! ia k hema 'am o 'i vaipiidc 'am 'i 'o'oid ...
Well, one after the other will quench the thirst (of their horses) and rejoin the others ...

vaipiig see Stat s-vavig= to be cooling, refreshing, thirst quenching

vaip see Vintr vaipi= to be sated
vaip see Vtr impers vaipi= to quench the thirst of obj

vaivul N: a plant

vakc see Vtr vakck= to soak obj

vakc see Vreflex 'e-vakck= to get soaked, wet
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vakcek/ vakei

vakcek (met of *vakcke) Vtr [Neutr: indef vakcek]: to soak, wet obj reiteratedly
ex: Nap havakcek g 'e'ega kc aha(<haha) havapkon? Do you(sg) soak your clothes
before (and) you wash them?

vakcid Vdtr [Neutr: def hort vakcid. Dur: vakcida-d]: to soak obj for somebody; to cook
obj (dried meat which needs to be soaked) for somebody
ex: Kutt heg 'am o vakcid g 'ali. We'll cook that (dried meat) for the child. Nt o 'op(<'ip)
ha'icu 'emvakcid. First I'll cook something (some kind of dried meat) for you(pl).

vakck Vtr (Unit) [Neutr: def vakc; indef and hort vakck; imper sgs vakcka-]: to soak,
wet obj once
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)vakc g 'ega. I'll soak the clothes. M g vakck! Soak it! M(<'am) g 'i
havakck g 'ega! Soak the clothes! 'Am 'o vakck g 'ega. She is over there soaking the
clothes. Mac hekaj ha'icu vakck. (Water is) that with which we soak things.

vakck Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-vakc]: to get soaked, wet (once)

ex: vakc 'ant. I got soaked.

vakcka N inalien [1st pers sg: -vakcka]: things that are soaked, or in the process of
being soaked

vakcka-cu'i NComp alien mass [1st pers sg: -vakcka-cu'i=ga]: pinole flour (made
with wheat that is put in water and roasted while still damp)

vakckas Stat: to be soaked

vake Vtr [Neutr: def, hort and indef vake. Correl: vake-k; immed: vake-ka-'i. Compl:
vake-yok; immed vake-yoka-'i. Dur: vake-d. Interr: vake-him.]: to squeeze, milk, obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)vake g haiva. I'll milk the cows. G 'i ha vake g nala! Squeeze some
orange juice! Ga 'a(<'o) hu havake. He is over there milking (them). Gokho vake
ta 'ab. He milks it twice a day. Nt o 'op(<'ip) vakeyok! Wait until I am through
milking it! M g ab 'i havaked! Keep on milking them!

vakei N: act of milking, of squeezing

ex: Nap sma:c g vakei? Do you know how to milk?

vakei N inalien aggreg [distr: vapkei]: milk in a container that has just been milked,
juice in a container that has just been squeezed
ex: Ba:pt dai g vakei? Where did you put my bucket of milk? Ba:pt dad g vakei?
Where did you say that you put my buckets of milk?

vakei see Vdtr vakeid= to squeeze/ milk obj for somebody

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vakeid/ vako

vakeid Vdtr [Neutr: def vakei; hort and indef vakeid; Dur: vakeida-d]: to squeeze, milk,
obj for somebody
ex: Nt o ho(<ha) mvakei g nala. I'll squeeze you some orange juice. M g ha vakeid g
nala! Could you squeeze me some orange juice! Ves sisialmad 'a havakeid g nala.
Every morning I squeeze them orange juice. Ves sisialmad, m(<'am) 'apt o tvakeidad g
nala. Every morning you will squeeze us orange juice.

vakeime Vtr Unit sgs [Neutr: def vakeim; hort vakeime]: to go and milk obj

vakeipa Vintr Unit (for Distr see vapkeipa) [Neutr: def vakeipa. Interr vakeipa-him]:
to come back from milking
ex: Vakeipa 'ant. I just came back from milking. Vakeipahim 'o. He is on his way back
from milking.

vakeipa Vintr Unit (for Distr see vapkeipa) [Neutr: def vakeipa. Compl:
vakeipa-ok; immed: vakeipa-oka-'i]: to come back from one's milking chore
ex: Nt o 'ip vakeipa. First, I'll come back from my milking chore. Nt o 'ip
vakeipaok. Wait until I come back from my milking chore (and then I'll do it).

vakeipa Vintr Unit (for Distr see vapkeipa) [Neutr: indef vakeipa; concurs
vakeipa-c. Dur: vakeipaa-d; concurs vakeipaad-c]: to come back from milking
ex: P hekid 'i vakeipa? When do you usually come back from your milking chore?
M(<'am) 'a 'ip vakeipac aha(<haha) gegusid. First, I come back from my milking
chore and then I eat. Ves takaj, m(<'am) 'apt o vakeipaadc aha(<haha) vo
'o(<'e)gegus. Everyday you'll come back from your milking chore and then you'll eat.

vakei Vdt Unit [Neutr, indef vakei. Dur: vakeia-d]: to squeeze, milk, obj for
somebody reiteratedly
ex: Ves sisialmad 'a havakei g nala. Every morning I squeeze them orange juice.
Ves sisialmad, m 'apt o tvakeiad g nala. Every morning, squeeze us orange juice.

vake Vtr [Neutr: indef vake. Dur: vakea-d]: to squeeze, milk, obj reiteratedly
ex: Gokho vake ta 'ab. He milks it twice a day. Ves sisialmad, m(<'am) 'apt o
ho(<ha)vakead g haiva. Every morning you will milk the cows.

vakial (Span: vaquero) N alien indiv [sg(3rd pers sg: vakial=ga-j); pl: vapkial]: cowboy

vako see Vtr vakon= to wash obj

vako N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: vako-j; loc: vako-t-'ab, vako-c-'ea); pl: vapko]:
water container, gourd, canteen
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vako/ vakomic
ex: Nt o kia tai g vakoj. I'll borrow his water container. B(<'ab) g 'i ha va'igid 'ab
vako 'ab. Put some of it (water) in my gourd!
lo:na-vako NComp inalien indiv [sg (loc: lo:na-vako-c-'e); pl: lo:na-vapko]: canvas
water bag

vako vu Stat Expr sing [mult: vapko]: to be a water container, gourd, canteen
ex: ... 'id u 'ep vako mo (<vu) 'O'odham havapko. ... this too is a canteen; they are the
canteens of the 'O'odham.

vakok Adj sg [pl: va'apkok]: curved, bowed (same as vakois)

va'apkok kakiokam N Expr: bow-legged one

vakok Stat [sgs (indef and def vakok. Dur: vakoka-d. Interr: vakoka-him); pls:
va'apkok]: to be curved, bowed (same as vakois)
ex: Si 'i vakok. It is curved. 'I va'apkok. They are curved (the branches of a tree).

vako-ha'u NComp: coloquinte dipper

vakois Adj sg [pl: vapkois]: curved (same as vakok)

vapkois kakiokam N Expr: bow-legged

vakois Stat [sgs (indef vakois; Interr: vakois-him, vakois=ka-him); pls: vapkois]: to be
curved (same as vakok)
ex: Vakoishim 'o. It is getting curved (a river bank). Vakoiskahim 'o. It used to be
curved.

vakolig/ vakoliv N: south

ex: vakolig/vakoliv ta:gio= southward, in the direction of the south(no motion)
vakolig/ vakoliv vui= toward the south (with motion)

vakomagi Vintr [Neutr: def vakomagi. Interr: vakomagi-him]: to get dried out, faded

vakomagidag in ha'icu vakomagidag NExpr: something dried out, faded

ku'ag-vakomagidag NComp(?): a dried out piece of wood
lo:na-vakomagidag NComp(?): a faded piece of cloth

vakomag[] s- Stat [sgs (indef s-vakomag; def s-vakomag=k); pls: s-vapkomag[]]: to

be dried out (wood); to be faded (a piece of material)

vakomic see Vtr impers s-vakovimcud= to make obj feel like excreting
 276

vakon/ vako

vakon Vtr sgo (for plo see vapkon) [Neutr: def vako; hort and indef vakon; imper sgs
vakona-, pls vakon-o. Correl: vakon-k; immed: vakon-ka-'i. Compl: vakon-ok; immed:
vakon-oka-'i]: to wash obj; to baptize obj
ex: Pal 'at o vako g 'ali. The priest is going to baptize the baby. P he'ekio 'i vakon g
'emo'o domig 'ab? How many times a week do you wash your hair?

vakon Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vapkon) [Neutr: def 'e-vako; indef and hort 'e-
vakon]: to wash oneself; to get baptized
ex: 'E-g-'evakon! Wash yourself! 'E-'o-'evakon. He is washing himself. Napt 'evako?
Have you been baptized? Mat g 'o'odham o 'ebidk o 'evako. When a person has gotten
dirty he washes himself.
hon-vakon VComp reflex: to take a bath (to wash one's body)
mo'o-vakon VComp reflex: to wash one's hair
vuhioa-vakon VComp reflex: to wash one's face

vakona N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vakona-j); pl vapkona]: something in the
process of being washed or just washed
ex: Nt o hel g vakona. I'll hang up my wash (one thing). Nt o ho(<ha)heheli g
vapkona. I'll hang up my wash (several things).

vakonadag s Stat sgs: to be good at washing

vakonadagkam N subst: one good at washing

vakonaag N [loc: vakonaag-t-'ab]: baptism

ex: 'ab vakonaagt'ab= by means of baptism.

vakonaku N inalien indiv [pl: vapkonaku]: basin (instrument to wash something in)
hon-vakonaku NComp inalien indiv: bathtub (instrument to wash body in)
huhas-haha'a-vakonaku NComp inalien indiv: sink (instrument to wash dishes in)
no:nhai-vakonaku NComp inalien indiv: wash basin (instrument to wash hands in)
vuhio[a]-vakonaku NComp inalien indiv: wash basin (instrument to wash face in)

vakonas Stat sgs [pls: vapkonas]: to be washed; to be baptized

ex: Nap vakonas? Are you baptized?

vako N sg [pl: vapko]: baptized person

vako vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vapko]: to be a baptized person

ex: 'A:i 'a u vako. I am a baptized person. Hegam 'o (<vu) vapko. They are
baptized persons.
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vako/ vak:lag

vako see Vdtr vakoid= to wash obj for somebody

vakoid Vdtr sgo (for plo see vapkoid) [Neutr: def vako; indef vakoid. Dur:
vakoida-d/vakonda-d]: to wash obj for somebody

vakova/vakuva Vintr sgs (for pls see vapkova) [Neutr: def vakova]: to have
diarrhea, to excrete liquid stools
ex: Vakova 'ant. I have diarrhea (I excreted liquid stools).

vakovadam/vakuvadam N sg [pl: vapkovadam/ vapkuvadam]: one who has

diarrhea

vakovadam/vakuvadam vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu vapkovadam/ vapkuvadam]: to

be one who has diarrhea
ex: Nap u vakovadam? Do you(sg) have diarrhea? 'A:i 'a u vakovadam. I have
diarrhea. Nam u vapkovadam? Do you(pl) have diarrhea?

vakovidag/ vakovadag/ vakuvadag N: diarrhea

ex: Vakovidag 'at 'ai. I got diarrhea (diarrhea reached me).

vakovimad/ vakuvimad Vtr sgo (for plo see vapkovimad) [Neutr: def and hort
vakovimad, vakuvimad]: to squirt on obj
ex: vakuvimad 'at g 'ali. The baby squirted on me.

vakovimcud/ vakuvimcud s- Vtr impers sgo (for plo see s-vapkovimcud)

[Neutr: def s-vakovimc, s-vakuvimc]: to make obj feel like excreting, to give obj diarrhea
ex: Svakovimc 'at. I feel like excreting.

vakovc see Vtr impers vakovcud= to make obj get diarrhea

vakovcud/ vakuvcud Vtr impers sgo (for plo see vapkovcud) [Neutr: def
vakovc; indef vakovcud]: to make obj get diarrhea
ex: Nat mvakuvc? Do you(sg) have diarrhea (did it give you diarrhea)? No
mvakuvcud? Do you usually have diarrhea (does it usually give you diarrhea)?

vak:la N aggreg [distr: vapk:la]: driftwood

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g vak:la. I saw some pieces of driftwood (in one location).

vak:lag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-vapk:lag): to be full of driftwood in
one location
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vakus/ vakut

vakus N: flat surface; anything with a thin and spreading surface that one uses to sit or
lie down on (a mat, a blanket, a piece of cloth, a towel)
ex: Vakus da:m 'o vo'o. It is lying on the floor. Tapial 'apt 'am o va:pakut vakus da:m.
You will spread paper on the floor (in different rooms).
hodai-vakus NComp inalien: cement floor
huk-vakus NComp inalien: wooden floor
ki:c'e-vakus NComp inalien indiv [sg (2nd pers sg m-ki:c'e-vakus; 3rd pers sg
ki:c'e-vakusi-j); pl: ki:c'e-va:pakus]: rug (same as ki:c'e-vakusim)
ki:-vakus NComp inalien: floor (same as ki:-vakusag)
kovk-vakus NComp, Expr inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -kovk-vakus; loc: kovk-
vakus-c-'e); pl: kovpk-va:pakus]: mattress
'ikus-vakus NComp inalien: carpeting

vakus Stat Unit (for Distr see va:pakus) [Neutr: indef vakus; def vakus=k Dur:
vakus=ka-d. Interr: vakus=ka-him]: to form a flat surface in one location
ex: ... mat heba'i g hodai 'am o vakuskad. ... where the rock will form a flat surface.
ki: 'am 'o g hodai 'am vakus. In my house there is a cement floor.

-vakusag in ki:-vakusag NComp inalien [3rd pers sg ki:-vakusa-j]: floor (same

as ki:-vakus)
ex: Ki:-vakusagaj 'o sbi:tag. Her floor is dirty.

vakusig Stat Unit (for Distr see va:pakusig): to form a flat surface in one location
ex: ki: 'am 'o g hodai 'am vakusig. In my house there is a cement floor (a flat surface).
hodai-vakusig Stat Comp impers Unit (for Distr see hodai-va:pakusig): there is a
cement floor in one location
huk-vakusig Stat Comp impers Unit (for Distr see huk-va:pakusig): there is a
wooden floor in one location.

-vakusim in ki:c'e-vakusim NComp indiv [sg (loc: ki:c'e-vakusim-c-'e); pl:

ki:c'e-va:pakusim]: rug (same as ki:c'e-vakus)
ex: Ki:c'e-vakusimc'e 'at 'e'iava. It got spilled on the rug.

-vakust in ki:-vakust VComp: to make a floor

ex: Ki:-vakustahim. I am making a floor.

vakut Vtr Unit (for Distr see va:pakut) [Neutr: def and hort vakut. Interr: vakuta-
him]: to make a flat surface out of obj
ex: Tapial 'apt 'am o vakut vakus da:m. You will spread paper on the floor (in one room).
--ki: 'am 'ant g hodai 'am o vakut. In my house I'll put a cement floor (there is only one
room). -- Huk 'apt 'am o vakut. You will put in a wooden floor. -- 'Ikus 'apt 'am o vakut.
You will put in wall-to-wall carpeting.
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valaho/ vamgid

valaho/ valahu N: card playing

ex: Nap sma:c g valaho? Do you know how to play cards?

valaho/ valahu Vtr: to play cards with obj

ex: Napt o valaho? Will you play cards with me?

valaho/ valahu Vreflex: to play cards with each other

ex: Tt o tvalaho. Let's play cards. 'E-'o-valaho. They are playing cards. Nap
shoho'id mapt o 'o(<'e)valahod? Do you like to play cards?

valaho Vreflex impers Unit (for Distr see 'e-vaplaho): there is card playing in one
location
ex: Cuhug 'at o 'o(<'e)valaho. I hear there is going to be a card game tonight.

valahoku N inalien aggreg [dist: vaplahoku]: card(s)

ex: Ha'i 'i ma:k g valahoku, nt o 'emve:mt. Give me some cards, I'll play with you.

vam Part: even more so

ex: Vam 'a:i'i (ba'ivckim 'i paaj). I am even more so (uglier than she is). Vam 'a:cim.
We are even more so. Vam 'a:i'i ba'ic 'i si tacu. I need it even more (than he does).
Vam 'i kekiva! Move further!

vama N indiv [pl/distr: vahamma/ vapamma]: snake (generic term for non-
poisonous snakes)
ex: Smu'ij g vahamma. There are lots of snakes.
cuk-vama NComp indiv: a variety of snake, black racer (black snake)
hugum-vama NComp indiv: a variety of snake, king snake or coral snake
ko:mgi-vama NComp indiv: a variety of snake (gray snake)
vegi-vama NComp indiv: a variety of snake, red racer (red snake)

vamaag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-vahammaag): to be full of snakes in a
single location
cuk-vamaag s-StatComp impers Unit: to be full of black racer snakes in one location
vegi-vamaag s-StatComp impers Unit: to be full of red racer snakes in one location

vamacud Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vahammacud) [Neutr: def 'e-vamac]: to
turn into a snake

vamgid Vtr Unit (for Repet see vahammigid) sgo (for plo see va:pamgid) [Neutr:
def vamg; hort vamgid]: to make obj get up
ex: Nt o 'i vamigk o 'i mvamg. I'll get up and make you get up.
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vamg/ vanck-

vamg see Vtr vamgid= to make obj get up

vamhu see Vtr impers vamhun= to get obj soaked with rain water

vamhun Vtr impers sgo (for plo see vapamhun) [Neutr: def vamhu. Correl: vamhun-
k; immed: vamhun-ka-'i. Interr: vamhuna-him]: to get obj soaked with rain water
ex: Vamhu 'ut(<'at) g na:mta. My adobe got soaked. vamhu 'ut(<'at). I got soaked
(it soaked me). vamhunahim 'o. I am getting soaked (it's getting me soaked).
Vamhunahim 'o g ki:. My house is getting soaked.

vamhu Stat [sgs Neutr: indef vamhu; def vamhu=k; Interr: vamhu=ka-him. Dur:
vamhu=ka-d); pls: vapamhu]: to be soaked with rain water
ex: Va:pag 'o vapamhu. Holes (in the ground) are soaked with rain water.

vam[i]g- Vintr Unit (for Repet see vahammig) sgs [Neutr: def vam; hort vamigi;
imper vamgi-. Correl: vamig-k; immed: vamig-ka-'i. Compl: vamgi-ok; immed: vamgi-
oka-i. Interr: vamig[i]-him]: to get up
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) koi vam. I am not up yet. -- Vam 'at. He is up. -- Nt o 'i vam. I'll get
up. -- Vamgi! Get up! --Vamigk ka:! Get up and listen! Vamigk eid! Get up and
look! --Kupt o vamigk o hu:. Get up and eat it! Pt o 'i vamg hekid 'i vamigka'i. Make
me get up after you have gotten up. -- Vamighim 'o. He is getting up.

vam see Vintr vam[i]g= to get up

vanc see Vtr vanck= to break obj off by pulling once

vancek Vtr [Neutr: indef vancek]: to break obj off by pulling on it several times

vancek Vreflex [Neutr: indef 'e-vancek]: to break off when being pulled several times
ex: 'E-'o-'e-vancek. It breaks off (if you pull at it several times).

vancid Vdtr [Neutr: def and hort vancid]: to break obj off for somebody by pulling on it
once
ex: B(<'ab) g 'i ha vancid! Break off a piece of it (some) for me!

vanck- Vtr Unit [Neutr: def vanc; imper sgs vancka-; hort vanck. Correl: vanc-k;
immed: vanc-ka-'i. Interr: vancka-him]: to break obj off by pulling on it once
ex: Vanc g 'evijina k 'i gei. He broke his rope off and he fell down. Pt o vanc. You'll
break it off. Pi g 'am vanck! Don't break it off! Vancka! Break it off!
Vanckahim 'ap. You are about to break it off. 'I 'it(<'at) gei vanck g vijina. He fell
having broken off the rope.

vanck- VreflexUnit [Neutr: def 'e-vanc. Interr: 'e-vancka-him]: to break off when being
pulled once
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vanck-/ vana
ex: 'E-'et(<'at)-vanc g vijina. My rope broke off. 'I 'it(<'at) gei mat 'evanc g vijinaj.
He fell when his rope broke off. 'Evanckahim 'o. It is about to break off.

vancka N sg [pl: vapancka]: something which has been broken off by pulling on it
vijina vapancka N Expr: pieces of broken rope

vanckva Vtr Unit (for Repet see vanckvup) [Neutr: def, hort and indef vanckva.
Correl: vanckva-k; immed: vanckva-ka-'i. Interr: vanckvu-him]: to tug, pull at, obj; to
dominate obj
ex: Nt o 'i vanckva 'i:da'a kavyu t(<kut) 'am ab o 'i ke:kad. I'll tug at this horse so that he
will stand still. Gm 'at hu 'i vanckva. He made (the horse) go away by tugging at him
(he tugged him away). Gam g hu hab 'i vanckva 'i:da'a kavyu! Make (the horse) go
away by tugging at him! M(<'am) hu vanckvuhim. He is making (the horse) go away
by tugging at him. M(<'am) 'amt ves o 'i havanckva g hemajkam. You(pl) will dominate
all the people. Hemu ves 'i tvancka. Now they dominate us all.

vanckviku N inalien indiv sing [mult: vapanckviku]: reins

vanckvup Vtr Repet (for Unit see vanckva) [Neutr: indef vanckvup. Dur: vanckvupa-
d. Interr: vanckvupa-him]: to tug, pull, at obj repeatedly
ex: Pt 'ab o si vanckvupad g kavyu. You will keep tugging hard at the horse, each time.

vanculid Vtr [Neutr: def vancul]: to lead, dominate, obj

ex: ... mamt ves o 'i havancul g hemajkam. ... that you(pl) will dominate all the people.

vana Vtr sgo (for plo see vapana) [Neutr: def vana]: to tear, rip, obj in one
place
ex: Pt o vana. You'll tear it. 'Ep o vana g 'ealiv. (You) are going to tear your
pants again!

vana Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vapana) [Neutr: def 'e-vana]: to tear, rip, in
one place
ex: 'E-'et-(<'at)-vana g kostal. My bag got torn in one place.

vanaas Stat sgs: to be torn in one place

vanan- Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-vapanan-) [Neutr: Correl: 'e-vanan-k. Interr:
'e-vanana-him]: to tear, rip in one place
ex: 'Evananahim 'o g naliv. My pants are tearing in one place kostal 'at 'evanank
'e'iava g nala. My bag having torn, the oranges fell out.

vana Vreflex: to tear/ rip in one place reiteratedly

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vantp/ vaimme

vantp see Vtr vantpan= to tear, rip, obj

vantp see Vreflex 'e-vantpan= to tear, rip

vantpan- Vtr sgo (for plo see vapantpan) [Neutr: def vantp. Correl: vantpan-k;
immed: vantpan-ka-'i. Interr: vantpa[na]-him]: to tear, rip, obj in one place
ex: Pt o vantp. You'll tear it. vantp g 'u:s. The bush tore my clothes (me).

vantpan- Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vapantpan-) [Neutr: def 'e-vantp. Correl: 'e-
vantpan-k; immed: 'e-vantpan-ka-'i. Interr: 'e-vantpan[a]-him]: to tear, rip, in one place
ex: 'Evantp 'at g naliv. My pants tore (one tear). 'Evantpanahim/ 'evantpanhim 'o g
naliv. My pants are tearing. kostal 'at 'evantpank 'e'iava g nala. My bag tore and the
oranges fell out.

vantpa Vtr sgo (for plo see vapantpa) [Neutr: indef vantpa]: to tear, rip, obj
(several times in the same place or next to it as when trying to mend a tear)

vantpa Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vapantpa) [Neutr: indef 'e-vantpa]: to tear, rip
several times in the same place or next to it
ex: 'Evantpa. It tears easily.

vant Vtr sgo (for plo see vapant) [Neutr: def and hort vant]: to tear obj (in several
pieces)
ex: Nt o vant g tapial. I'll tear the paper in pieces. Vanta! Tear it in pieces! M g
si sviak vant! Tear it in tiny little pieces!

vant Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vapant) [Neutr: def 'e-vant]: to tear in several
places
ex: Sviak 'evant g 'ipu. My dress is in rags (torn in fine pieces).

vantas Stat sgs: to be torn in several pieces

ex: Hek 'o hu vantas. It is already torn in several pieces.

vaim see Vtr vaime= to lead obj

vaime Vtr Unit (for Repet see vaimme) [Neutr: def vaim; hort vaime]: to
lead obj by the hand or by a rope
ex: Heg 'at s'ap o 'i mvaim. He will lead you well. Nt o 'i vaim g noiga 'am vavhai
vui. I'll lead my horse to the well. 'I vaime! Lead him!

vaimme Vtr Repet (for Unit see vaime) sgs [Neutr: indef vaimme]: to lead
obj by the hand or by a rope repeatedly
 283

vakumi'ok/ vapalko

vakumi'ok Vtr [Neutr: def vakumi'o; hort and indef vakumi'ok; imper sgs
vakumi'oka-. Correl: vakumi'o-k; immed: vakumi'o-ka-'i]: to pull, pluck, obj off; to
detach obj by pulling at it
ex: M g si vakumi'ok! Pull it off hard! .. g Hu: g 'ecivo 'i a hu ha'i vakumi'ok 'am
ul ciolim da:m. ..it is said that Corn, having plucked off a few hairs from his beard,
threw them on top of the cholla.
ce'ecem vakumi'ok VExpr tr: to shred obj
ex: Nt o ce'ecem vakumi'o 'i:da'a toki-vijina. I'll shred this cotton rope.

vakumi'ok Vreflex [Neutr: def 'evakumi'o]: to get pulled/ plucked off

ex: Svinma 'o 'evakumi'ok. It takes strength to pull it off (it gets pulled off firmly).

vakumi'okas Stat: to be pulled/ plucked off

ex: Vakumi'okas 'o. It is pulled off.

vakumi'okid Vdtr [Neutr: def vakumi'ok; hort vakumi'okid]: to pull/ pluck

something off for somebody
ce'ecem vakumi'okid VExpr dtr [Neutr: def ce'ecem vakumi'ok]: to pull obj to
shreds for somebody

vago (Span: banco) indiv [pl: vapago]: bank

vapagima see Stat s-vagima= to be industrious

vapagiviku see N vagiviku= slingshot
vapaigku see N va'igku= water jar; faucet
vapaika see N vaika= ditch

vapailla Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-vailla): to dance with one another (several
couples)
ex: 'E-'o-vapailla. They are dancing (several couples).

vapaillaku see N vaillaku= dance-floor

vapainomga see Stat vainomga= to have a knife
vapainom see N vainom= knife
vapainom see N vainom= sheet/ piece of metal/ iron
vapaki see N va'aki= ceremonial house; fort
vapal see N va:l: bullet(s)
vapaldi see N va:ldi= bucket
vapalko see N va:lko= boat
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vapamhun/ vapant

vapamhun Vtr impers tr plo (for sgo see vamhun) [Neutr: def vapamhu Interr:
vapamhuna-him]: to get obj soaked with rain water
ex: Havapamhu 'ut(<'at). They got soaked (it got them soaked).

vapamhu see Stat vamhu= to be soaked with rain water

vapamma see N vama= snake

vapamogag/ vapamugag s- Stat impers Dist (for Unit see s-va:mogag): to be full
of mosquitos in several locations

vapancka see N vancka= piece of something which has broken off

vapanckviku see N vanckviku= reins

vapana Vtr plo (for sgo see vana): tear/ rip obj in one place

vapana Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vana) [Neutr: def 'e-vapana]: to tear/ rip in
one place
ex: 'Evapana. They each got torn in one place.

vapanan- Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-vanan-) [Interr: 'e-vapanana-him]: to tear/
rip in several places once
ex: 'Evapananahim 'o. It is tearing in several places.

vapantpan- Vtr plo (for sgo see vantpan) [Neutr: def vapantp. Interr: vapantpana-
him]: to tear/ rip obj in one place

vapantpan- Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vantpan-) [Neutr: def 'e-vapantp. Interr: 'e-
vapantpana-him]: to tear/ rip in one place
ex: 'Evapantp 'at g haaaliv. Their pants tore (one tear each).

vapantpa Vtr plo (for sgo see vantpa): to tear/ rip obj several times in the same
place or next to it (as when trying to mend a tear)

vapantpa Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vantpa): to tear/ rip several times in the same
place or next to it

vapant Vtr plo (for sgo see vant) [Neutr: def and hort vapant]: to tear obj in several
pieces

vapant Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vant): to tear in several pieces
 285

vapago/ vapag

vapago see N vago= bank

vapava see Stat va'ava= to be soaked through, sweating
vapa'o see N va:'o= wooden tongs for picking prickly pear fruits
vapa'o see Stat va:'o= to have a pair of wooden tongs for picking prickly pear fruit

vapa'osid Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-va:'osid) [Neutr: def 'e-vapa'os; hort 'e-
vapa'osid]: to get stuck somewhere
ex: 'E-'etk(<'atk)-'evapa'os. They are stuck. Tvapa'os 'att. We got stuck.

vapa'osidc semi Stat reflex pls (for sgs see 'e-va:'osidc) [Neutr: def and indef 'e-
vapa'osidc]: to be in a stuck position somewhere

vapcviku see N vac[u]viku= swimming pool

vapciho see N vaciho= mixing bowl

vapcihot Vtr mult (for sing see vacihot): to make mixing bowls out of obj
ex: Nt o ha'i vapcihot. I'll make some mixing bowls with it.

vapckig see Stat impers vackig= there is a charco, pond

vapck see N vack= pond, charco

vapcum/vack Vintr Unit (for Repet see vapcummuk) pls (for sgs see vacum[])
[Neutr: def vapcum/vack. Interr: vapcum[i]-him/vapcuma-him/vacka-him]: to get under
water, to drown
ex: Mt o 'om(<'am) vack. You(pl) might drown. Vapcum 'at. They drowned.
Vapcumhim 'o. They are drowning.

vapcumcud/ vacko'icud Vtr Unit plo (for sgo see vacum[]cud) [Neutr: def
vapcumc/vacko'ic; hort vapcumcud/vacko'icud]: to drown obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)vapumc/ vacko'ic g mimitol. I will drown the cats.

vapcummuk Vintr Repet (for Unit see vapcum) pls (for sgs see vacummuk)
[Neutr: indef vapcummuk]: to get under water repeatedly

vapc[u]vi Vreflex impers Distr (for Unit see 'e-vac[u]vi) [Neutr: def and indef 'e-
vapc[u]vi]: there is swimming in several locations
ex: Mu'ipa 'o 'o(<'e)vapcuvi. There is swimming in many places (along the coast).

vapag see N vaag= juice of

vapag see Adj s-vaag= wet; fresh
vapag see Stat s-vaag= to be wet; to be fresh
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vapga/ vapka'ig

vapga Vtr mult (for sing see va:g-) [Neutr: indef and def vapga. Dur: vapga-d. Interr:
vapga-him]: to irrigate obj (in several spots); to mix obj with water several times
ex: Nt o vapga g 'e'es. I'll irrigate my plants. Nap sma:c mapt has masma vo vapga g
toki? Do you know how to irrigate cotton? Nt o vapgad g 'e'es. I'll be irrigating my
plants. M(<'am) 'a hu vapgahim. I have been irrigating (it). Vapga 'o g cu'i. She is
mixing dough. Vapga 'o g bid. She is mixing clay with water (preparing the clay for
pottery making).

vapga N: act of irrigating

vapgadam N: irrigator (person or thing that irrigates regularly)

vapgadam vu Stat Expr: to be an irrigator

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) tvapgadam. He/it is our irrigator.

vapgai see Vdtr vapg[a]id= to irrigate obj for somebody

vapg[a]id Vdtr mult (for sing see va:gid) [Neutr: def vapgai; hort vapgaid]: to mix obj
with water several times for somebody; to irrigate/ water obj (in several places) for
somebody
ex: Nt o mvapgai g m'e'es. I'll water your plants for you. M(<'am) g 'i vapgaid g
'e'es? Could you water my plants for me?

vapgaime Vtr Unit (for Repet see vapgaimme) mult (for sing see vagaime)
sgs [Neutr: def vapgaim; hort vapgaime]: to go and irrigate (several spots)

vapgaimme Vtr Repet (for Unit see vapgaime) mult sgs: to go and irrigate
(several spots) repeatedly
ex: 'Im hab 'i jujjud vapgaimme. Every afternoon I go and irrigate (several spots).

vapgaiku N aggreg [distr: vappgaiku]: irrigator (instrument to irrigate with)

vapggiya see N vag:ya= milk cow

vapggida see N vag:da= transmission belt

vap[h]u s- semi Stat tr impers Repet (for Unit see s-vahu) sgo [Neutr: indef s-
vap[h]u. Interr: s-vap[h]ua-him/s-vap[h]u=ka-him]: to make obj sweat repeatedly
ex: 'I 'o svaphu. I sweat a lot (it makes me sweat). 'I 'o svapuahim/
svapukahim). I have been sweating a lot (it has been making me sweat).

vapka'ig N aggreg: wild goose, wild duck, crane

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vapke/ vapko

vapke Vintr Repet for Unit see va:k-) sgs [Neutr: indef vapke; concurs vapke-c. Dur:
vapke-d; concurs vapked-c. Interr: vapke-him]: to go in, to come in, to enter repeatedly
ex: B(<ab) 'o ob(<vab) si 'i vapke pi 'ib(<'ab) hu ontpagc g pualt. He usually comes
right in without knocking at the door. -- ..'an vapkec 'an 'i 'ep vuke. ..he keeps going in
and out again. M(<'am) g ab 'i vukedc 'ab 'ep o 'i vapked! Keep on going out and in
again! -- B(<'ab) 'apt ab o vapkedc pi 'ab hu o ge ontpagad g pualt. Just come in without
knocking at the door. B(<'ab) 'o ob(<vab) si 'i vapkehim pi 'ab hu ontpagc g pualt.
He used to come straight in without knocking at the door.

vapke Vtr Repet (for Unit see va:k-) sgs [Neutr: indef vapke Dur: vapke-d Interr:
vapke-him]: to put obj repeatedly
ex: He'ekia 'ap havapke g 'ega? What size clothes do you wear (usually put on)?

vapkei see N vakei= milk in a container (that one has just milked)

vapkeipa Vintr Distr (for Unit see vakeipa): to come back from milking once (same
as vapkeipa?)

vapkeipa Vintr Distr (for Unit see vakeipa): to come back from one's milking
chores (same as vapkeipa?)

vapkeipa Vintr Distr (for Unit see vakeipa): to come back from milking chores

vapkial see N vakial= cowboy

vapkid Vdtr Repet (for Unit see va:kid) [Neutr: indef vapkid]: to put obj on for
somebody repeatedly
ex: P hascu 'a:gk 'ab vapkid g li:vaj? Why do you put his coat on him? Mo g kavyu 'ab
vapkid. (A bridle is) that which one puts on a horse.

vapkid Vtr Repet (for Unit see va:kid) sgo [Neutr: indef vapkid. Dur: vapkida-d]: to
put obj in, to make obj go in repeatedly
ex: Nap 'i vapkid g 'eoiga? Do you put your horse in (the corral)? Nap 'ab vapkid g
vepegi? Do you plug in the light? Vo 'i vapkidad! Make it/him go in and out !

vapkidalig see N va:kidalig= coat

vapko see Vtr vapkon= to wash obj
vapko see Vreflex 'e-vapkon= to wash oneself; to get baptized
vapko see Vreflex 'e-vapkon= to do one's washing
vapko see N vako= water container, gourd
vapko see Stat Expr vu vako= to be a water container, canteen
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vapko/vapkova

vapko N aggreg: gourd (the plant and the fruit)

vapkois see Adj vakois= curved

vapkois see Stat vakois= to be curved

vapko-kai NComp alien aggreg [1st pers sg -vapko-kai=ga]: gourd seeds

ex: hab a(<va) hekaj vuha g vapko-kai. Thus right away the gourd seeds came out of
the ground (hearsay).

vapkomag see Stat s-vakomag: to be dried out; to be faded

vapkon Vtr plo (for sgo see vakon) [Neutr: def vapko; hort and indef vapkon; imper
sgs vapkona-]: to wash obj; to baptize obj
ex: Nt o vapko g va:pakus. I'll wash my bedding. Nt o vapko g 'ega. I'll do the
laundry (wash the clothes). Nt o ha'i havapko g 'ega. I'll do part of the laundry (wash
some clothes). M(<'am) g 'i havapkon g vepcoag! Could you wash my underwear!
Vapkona g mu:! Wash the beans!

vapkon Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vakon) [Neutr: def 'e-vapko; indef and hort 'e-
vapkon]: to wash oneselves; to get baptized get baptized.
o:nhai-vapkon VComp reflex: to wash one's hands

vapkon Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-vapko; indef 'e-vapkon]: to do one's washing

ex: Nt o vapko. I'll do my washing. 'E-'o-'evapkon. She is doing her washing.

vapkona N: act of washing clothes

ex: Nap sma:c g vapkona? Do you know how to do the washing?

vapkona see N vakona= something in the process of being washed

vapkonaku see N vakonaku= basin (instrument to wash something in)
vapkonas see Stat vakonas= to be washed; to be baptized
vapko see Vdtr vakoid= to wash obj for somebody
vapko see vako= baptized person
vapko see Stat Expr vu vako= to be a baptized person

vapkoid Vdtr plo (for sgo see vakoid) [Neutr: def vapko; indef vapkoid. Dur:
vapkoida-d/ vapkonda-d]: to wash obj for somebody

vapkova/ vapkuva Vintr Unit pls (for sgs see vakova) [Neutr: def vapkova]: to have
diarrhea, to excrete liquid stools
ex: Vapkova 'at. They have diarrhea.
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vapkovadam/ vap'unc

vapkovadam see N vakovadam= one who has diarrhea

vapkovadam see Stat Expr vu vakovadam= to be one who has diarrhea

vapkovimad/vapkuvimad Vtr plo (for sgo see vakovimad) [Neutr: def and hort
vapkovimad/vapkuvimad]: to squirt on obj
ex: Tvapkuvimad 'at g 'a'al. The babies squirted on us.

vapkovimcud/vapkuvimcud s- Vtr impers tr plo (for sgo see s-vakovimcud)

[Neutr: def s-vapkovimc/s-vapkuvimc]: to make obj feel like excreting
ex: Stvapkovimc 'at. We feel like excreting.

vapkovcud/vapkuvcud Vtr impers plo (for sgo see vakovcud) [Neutr: def
vapkovc; indef vapkovcud]: to make obj get diarrhea
ex: Nat 'emvapkuvc? Do you(pl) have diarrhea (did it give you diarrhea)?

vapk:la see N vak:la= driftwood

vapk:lag s- Stat Distr (for Unit see s-vak:lag): to be full of driftwood in several
places

vaplaho Vreflex impers Distr (for Unit see 'e-valaho): there is card playing in several
places
ex: Mu'ipa 'o 'o(<'e)vaplaho. There is card playing in several places.

vaplahoku see N valahoku= cards

vapli/vaplin see N va:li/va:lin= water tank, barrel
vaplit see N va:lit= crowbar

vap'un Vtr plo (for sgo see va'un) [Neutr: def vap'u; hort vap'un. Dur: vap'una-
d]: to pull obj
ex: Nt o 'i havap'u. I'll pull them. B(<'ab) g 'i havap'un! Pull them (toward you)!
M(<'am) g ab 'i havap'unad! Keep on pulling them!

vap'un Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-va'un) [Neutr: def 'e-vap'u; hort 'e-vap'un]: to
stretch oneselves; to get stretched
ex: 'E-g-o-'i-'i(<'e)vap'un! You(pl) stretch yourselves!

vap'unaku see N va'unaku= instrument used to pull or stretch something

vap'unc semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see va'unc): to have obj pegged
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vap'undam/ vapa

vap'undam see N 'e-va'undam= accordion

vap'u Vtr plo (for sgo see va'u) [Neutr: indef vap'u]: to pull at obj reiteratedly
ex: c g 'evi:pbamga 'i havap'u. and they keep pulling at their respective chewing gum.

vap'u Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-va'u): to get stretched/ pulled at reiteratedly

vappaid Vtr Repet (for Unit see vaid) [Neutr: indef vappaid. Dur: vappaida-d. Interr:
vappaida-him]: to call, ask to come, invite obj repeatedly
ex: Kut 'ida 'ep 'e'ai ku 'i havappaid g hemajkam. The time has come when I ask the
people to come here. Mu'iko 'i a vappaid. He invites me here often.

vappaid Vtr Distr (for Unit see vaid) [Neutr: def vappai; indef and hort vappaid]: to
call, ask to come, invite obj (people from different places)
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o 'i havappai. I'll ask them (they are from different places) to come here.

vappainom see N vainom= knife

vappaldi see N va:ldi= bucket
vappali/ vappalin see N va:li= water tank, barrel
vappalit see N va:lit= crowbar
vappalko see N va:lko= boat
vappa'o see N va:'o= wooden tongs for picking prickly pear fruits
vappciho see N vaciho= mixing bowl
vappgaiku see N vapgaiku= irrigator
vappso see N va:so= can

vappsog s- Stat Distr (for Unit see s-vapsog): to be full of cans in several locations

vappa see N vaa: suitcase

vappom see N vaom: large storage basket

vapptopig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-vaptopig): to be full of worms/ fishes
in several locations

vapso see N va:so: can

vapsog s- Stat Unit (for Distr see s-vappsog): to be full of cans in one location

vapa see N vaa= suitcase

vapa see Stat vaa= to have a suitcase
 291

vapom/ vasibc

vapom see N vaom= large storage basket

vapom see Stat vaom= to have a large storage basket

vapu Vtr impers: to make obj get (a) blister(s)

ex: Nat mvapu? Did you get (a) blister(s)? 'I 'at vapu. I got (a) blister(s). 'Ep o
mvapu. You'll get (a) blister(s) again. Cum hekid vapu. I get (a) blister(s) all
the time.

vapuag N inalien aggreg: blister(s)

vaptopad Vtr impers mult (for sing see vatopad) [Neutr: def vaptopad]: to get worms
ex: Gogs 'atk vaptopad. The dog has worms. vaptopad 'at. I have worms.

vaptopig see Stat impers vatopig: there is a worm, a fish (somewhere)

vaptopig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-vapptopig): to be full of worms/ fishes
in one location

vaptop see N vatop= worm; fish

vaptto see N vatto = ramada; cactus camp
vas see Vtr vas[i]b: to dip out obj (a liquid)

vas[i]b N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vasbi-j); pl/distr vassib]: drink (liquid in a
container with a large opening like a glass or a cup)
ex: Koi 'atk 'i'ito g 'evasib. He has not finished his drink yet. ... hega'i mo g hu ka:c
mvasib. ... that container of yours (either a basket or a cup) which is over there. M g
ha vua'i g 'asugal vasib 'e! Put some granulated sugar in my drink! Koi 'atk 'i'ito g
'evassib. They (each one of them) have not finished their drinks yet. B(<'ab) o 'i
ha'u:'uk g 'evassib. Each one of you will bring your containerful of liquid.

vas[i]b vu Stat Expr sing [mult: vassib]: to be a drink (liquid in a container)

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) vasbij. That is his drink.

vas[i]b Vtr Unit (for Repet and Distr see vassib) [Neutr: def vas; hort vasib; imper sgs
vasba-/ vasbi-. Correl: vasib-k; immed: vasib-ka-'i]: to dip out obj (a liquid)
ex: Nt o vas g kavh:. I'll dip out (a cup of) coffee. ..tp 'am aha(<haha) vas g u:dag
heg'ab hega'i bid-ha'u. ..then he dipped out water with the clay bowl. M(<'am) g vasib
g u:dag! Dip out (a cup of) water! Vasbi g vi:b! Dip out (a cup of) milk!
Vasibk o 'i:! Dip it out and drink it! .. 'am o vasibk g hab o ce: g hab ha'ap! ..dip it
out and set it aside! 'I ha vasibka'i! Dip some of it out right away!

vasibc semi Stat: to have a drink (liquid in a container)

 292

vasibc/ vaa

vasibc see Vtr vasibcug= to carry obj (a liquid in a container with a large opening)

vasibcug Vtr [Neutr: def vasibc; indef vasibcug]: to carry obj (a liquid in a container
with a large opening)
ex: Vasibcug 'o g u:dag. He is carrying water in a container. Vasibcug 'o g navait. He
is carrying wine in a basket.

vas[i]bid Vdtr Unit (for Repet and Distr see vassibid) [Neutr: def vasib; hort vasbid.
Correl: vasbid-k; immed: vasbid-ka-'i]: to dip out obj (a liquid) for somebody
ex: T he'ekio 'i mvasib? How many times did he dip out a drink for you? Nt o 'i ha
mvasib g u:dag. I'll dip out some water for you. u:dk 'apt o 'i vasib. Dip out a full
cup (or glass) of it for me! B(<'ab) g 'i ha vasbid g u:dag! Dip out some water for
me! M(<'am) g havasbid! Dip it out for them!

vasibku N inalien indiv [pl: vassibku]: container with a large opening (like a glass or
cup) used for liquids
navait-vasibku NComp inalien indiv: wine basket

vassib see N vasib= drink (liquid in a container)

vassib see Stat Expr vu vasib= to be a drink (liquid in a container)

vassib Vtr Repet (for Unit see vas[i]b) [Neutr: indef vassib; imper sgs vassiba-. Dur:
vassiba-d]: to dip out obj (a liquid) repeatedly

vassib Vtr Distr (for Unit see vas[i]b) [Neutr: def vassi]: to dip out obj (a liquid)
ex: Hehe'ejel 'amt 'am o vassi g 'ekavh:ga. Each one of you will dip out your coffee
yourself.

vassibid Vdtr Repet (for Unit see vas[i]bid) [Neutr: indef and hort vassibid]: to dip
out obj (a liquid) for somebody repeatedly

vassibid Vdtr Distr (for Unit see vas[i]bid) [Neutr: def vassib; hort vassibid]: to dip
out obj (a liquid) for somebody
ex: Pt o ho(<ha) tvassib. You will dip out some of it for each one of us. 'I ha
tvassibid! Dip out some of it for each of us!

vassibku see N vasibku= container for a liquid

vaa N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vaa-j); pl: vapa; distr: vappa]: suitcase
ku:kp-vaa NComp: medicine man basket (in which the scalp taken off an enemy was
kept)
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vaa/ vau[li]g

vaa Stat sing [mult: vapa]: to have a suitcase

vaai N alien aggreg: grass, underbrush, hay (same as a'i)

vepegi-vaai NComp aggreg: a weed, tanglehead (red grass)

vaom N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vaom-j); pl: vapom; distr: vappom]: large
storage basket

vaom Stat sing [mult: vapom]: to have a large storage basket

vaul see Vtr vau[li]g= to take obj off

vaul see Vreflex 'e-vau[li]g= to come off

vau[li]g tr Unit (for Repet see vaug; for Distr see vau[li]g) plo (for sgo see
vahava) [Neutr: def vaul; hort vaug; imper sgs vauga-. Interr: vaug[i]-him]: to take
obj off, to pull (teeth) out
ex: Vaul 'ant g 'egaj. I took his clothes off. Hek 'ant hu vaul. I already took them
off. Napt a(<va) vaul? Did you take them off? Ves 'at havaul g nta:tam. He pulled
out all of my teeth one by one. Vauga 'evescuga! Take off all of your clothes! 'Oi g
vaug g 'e'ega! Go ahead, take off your clothes! Vaughim 'a. I am about to take
them off.

vau[li]g Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vaug; for Distr see 'e-vau[li]g) pls (for
sgs see 'e-vahava) [Neutr: def 'e-vaul. Interr: 'e-vaug[i]-him]: to come off
ex: 'Evaul g nta:tam. My teeth came off. 'Evaughim g nta:tam. My teeth are loose
(they are about to come off).

vaug (contr of *vaulig) Vtr Repet (for Unit see vau[li]g) plo (for sgo see
vahavup) [Neutr: indef vaug. Dur: vauga-d]: to take obj off
ex: Cum 'a hekid vaug g 'egaj. I always take his clothes off.

vaug (contr of *vaulig) Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-vau[li]g) pls (for sgs see
'e-vahavup): to come off
ex: 'E-'o-vaug. They come off each time.

vaul see Vtr vau[li]g= to take obj off

vaul see Vreflex 'e-vau[li]g= to come off (one after the other)

vau[li]g Vtr Distr (for Unit see vau[li]g) [Neutr: def vaul; indef and hort vaug;
imper vaug-o. Correl: vaug-k; immed: vaug-ka-'i. Compl: vaug-ok; immed:
vaug-oka-'i]: to take obj off
 294

vau[li]g/ vavan
ex: Vaugo g 'evopnom! Take off your hats! Vaugo g 'evepscuga! Take off all of
your clothes! Ha'i daivc vaug g 'evopnom. As some people arrive each one of them
takes off his hat. Vo vaugok g 'e'ega s'ap o to'ok k aha(<haha) vo 'o(<'e)vacvi. After
each one of you has taken his clothes off, he will put them nicely together and then go
swimming.

vau[li]gVreflex Distr (for Unit see 'e-vau[li]g) [Neutr: def 'e-vaul]: to come off
one after the other
ex: 'E-'et(<'at)-vaul. Each one of them came off (one after the other).

vatopad Vtr impers sing (for mult see vaptopad) [Neutr: def vatopad]: to get a worm
ex: Vatopad g pi:los. The pear has a worm.

vatopig Stat impers sing [mult: vaptopig]: there is a worm, a fish (somewhere)
ex: Vatopig 'am pi:losc'e. There is a worm in the pear.

vatop N alien indiv [pl: vaptop]: worm; fish

ex: Smu'ij g vaptop. There are lots of fishes. Ha'i 'a haeid g vaptop. I saw a few
fishes.
memhedam-vatop: NComp indiv: glowing worm

vatto N inalien indiv [sg (loc: vatto-c-'ed[a]); pl vaptto]: ramada; cactus camp
ex: Nam mu'ij 'am 'evatto 'ama'i? Are there many of you at your cactus camp?

vatto-cu:cim NComp(?): standing posts supporting the ramada

vav see Vtr vavan= to stretch, spread

vav see Vreflex 'e-vavan= to stretch oneself; to be stretched

vav N mass [loc: vav-t-'ab]: rock

ex: Vav 'am ge vakus cu'ig. There, the rock is (unexpectedly) like a floor (a flat surface).

vavag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of rock in one location

vavan Vtr Unit (for Repet see vavpan) sgo and sing (for plo and mult see vavpan)
[Neutr: def vav; hort vavan; imper sgs vavana-. Correl: vavan-k; immed: vavan-ka-'i.
Interr: vavana-him]: to stretch, spread obj
ex: Nt o 'i vav g kolai. I'll put up a fence. B(<'ab) g 'i vavan g kolai! Put up a fence!

vavan Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vavpan) sgs (for pls see 'e-vavpan) [Neutr: def
'e-vav. Interr: 'evavana-him]: to spread oneself; to be spread
 295

vavan/ vavi
ex: 'At heg 'an 'ep 'evav hata:gio 'ep. Again it spread itself (hearsay) in their way.
'Idam 'o (<vu) vepegi-'u'us 'an hab o 'o(<'e)vav g vepegi. These are telegraph poles for
the electric line (the electric wire will be stretched between them). 'Evavanahim g
vepegi. A power line is being installed.

vavanaag N inalien indiv [pl: vavpanaag]: beam, rafter, ridgepole

vava Vintr sgs and sing (for pls and mult see vavpa) [Neutr: indef vava. Interr:
vava-him]: to form a line, a ridge
ex: ... 'im hab vava g huav ... there is (hearsay) a dead deer down there. Kolai 'an
vava. There is a fence. Vepegi 'an vava. There is an electric line Do'ag 'an vava.
There is a mountain ridge. ... heg ge'e vu do'agc 'im hu vava. ... it is a big mountain and
it forms a ridge. ... gani hu man(<mo 'an) g do'ag vava. ... up there on the mountain
ridge (where the mountain forms a ridge). N(<'an) 'o vavahim g haiva. Cows are
going by in a line.

vav[a]ig Stat sing [mult: vavpaig]: to be in a group, flock, herd, forming a line
ex: Totova 'an ge vavaig. The turkeys are in a flock. Totova 'an go:kpa vavpaig. The
turkeys are in two flocks.

vavaim in vepegi-vavaim NComp sg [sg (loc: vepegi-vavaim-t-'an); pl: vepegi-

vavpaim]: roll of electric wire; power line

vavhai/ vahia (met of *vavahi) N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vavhai=ga-j; loc; vavhai-
t-'ab, vavhai-c-'e); pl: vapvhai/vaiphia/vaipia)]: well
Ce:dagi Vavhai NExpr(?): name of a village, Pozo Verde (green well)

vavhaig Stat impers sing [mul: vaip[h]iag]: there is a well (somewhere)

ex: Go:k 'o 'om(<'am) vaipiag. There are two wells down there.

vavhaiga Stat sing [mult: vaip[h]iaga]: to have a well

ex: Nam ge vavhaiga? Do you(pl) have a well? Ha'i 'a vaipiaga. I have a few wells.

vavhait Vintr sing (for mult see vaip[h]iat): to make a well

ex: Nt o hema vavhait. I'll make a well.

vavincud/ vavancud (assim of *vavicud/ vavacud) Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def vavanc;
hort vavancud]: to quench obj's thirst for somebody
ex: M g 'i vavancud g noiga! Quench my horse's thirst for me!

vavi see Vtr vaviid= to quench somebody's thirst

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vavi/ vavpan

vavi/ vava s- Stat sgs [pls: s-vaipi]: to be sated, to have quenched one's thirst
ex: M(<'am) 'a a(<va) svavi. I am sated. M(<'am) 'ac a(<va) svaipi. We are sated.

vavi/ vava Vintr sgs (for pls see vaipi) [Neutr: def vav[]; hort vavi/vava;
imper vavii-/ vavai-. Correl: vavi-k; immed: vavi-ka-'i. Compl: vavii-ok; immed:
vavii-oka-'i]: to quench one's thirst, to get sated
ex: Napt vav[]? Are you(sg) sated? Heu'u, m 'ant a(<va) vav[ ]. Yes, I am sated.
Vavihim 'a. I am about to get sated. Vavii! Quench your thirst! 'Oi g 'am
vavi! Go ahead and quench your thirst!

vavi/ vava Vtr impers sgo (for plo see vaipi) [Neutr: def vav[]. Interr: vavi[i]-
him]: to quench the thirst of obj
ex: Pi 'it(<'at) o vav[]. It will not quench my thirst. Pi 'ib(<'ab) 'i ha vavihim. It is
not quenching my thirst any.

vaviid/ vavaid Vtr sgo (for plo see vaipiid) [Neutr: def vavi/ vava; hort
vaviid/ vavaid] to quench the thirst of obj
ex: M(<'am) 'ant o 'i vavi. I'll quench his thirst. M g 'i vaviid! Quench his thirst!

vav[i]ig/ vav[a]ig Stat sgs [pls: s-vaipiig]: to be refreshing, thirst quenching

ex: Svavig 'o. It is cooling. Pi 'o vavig. It is not cooling.

vav[] see Vintr vavi= to quench one's thirst, to get sated

vav[] see Vtr impers vavi= to quench the thirst of obj
vavpa see Vtr vavpan= to stretch, spread
vavpa see Vreflex 'e-vavpan= to stretch oneself; to be stretched

vavpan Vtr Repet (for Unit see vavan) sgo and sing [Neutr: indef vavpan]: to stretch,
spread obj repeatedly
ex: Tokdho vavpan g 'evigina 'ab ki:t'ab. A spider weaves its thread on the wall. Ma
kekid 'a 'i vavpan g kolai k hemho 'on(<'an) a(<va) 'i 'evu:pa. Each time I put up my
fence, it gets taken down.

vavpan Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-vavan) sgs [Neutr: indef 'e-vavpan]: to stretch
oneself, to be stretched repeatedly

vavpan Vtr plo and mult (for sgo and sing see vavan) [Neutr: def vavpa; hort and
indef vavpan]: to stretch, spread obj
ex: ... k 'am aha(<haha) 'ep o 'i havavpa hegam. ... and then he will stretch them again.
'an vavpa g 'evipijina. ... (the spider) wove its web. Totkdho vavpan g 'evipijina 'ab
ki:kt'ab. Spiders weave their webs on walls.
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vavpan/ va'apdadk

vavpan Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vavan) [Neutr: def 'e-vavpa; indef 'evavpan]: to
spread oneself; to be spread
ex: 'Evavpanahim g vepegi. Power lines are being installed.

vavpanaag see N vavanaag= beam, rafter, ridgepole

vavpa Vintr pls and mult (for sgs and sing see vava) [Neutr: indef vavpa]: to form
several lines, several ridges
ex: Vepegi 'an vavpa. There are (several) electric lines Do'ag 'an vavpa. There are
(several) mountain ridges.

vavpa see Stat vava= to be stretched, to form a line, a ridge, a group

vavpaig see Stat vavaig= to be in a group

vav-'i-kua NComp/Expr [loc: vav-'i-kua-t-'ab/vav 'i kua 'ab]: cliff

ex: Vav 'i kua 'ab ge cihog. There is a cave on the cliff (unexpectedly).

va'a, va, a emphatic Part: indeed, really, truly

ex: C ababa 'am a(<va) smai hi a'a (<va'a). But they did find out, indeed.-- 'I 'at a(<va)
jiva hi a (<va) hab a(<va) hab a(<va). He came here, of course. --...matt 'am hi va has
masma hab hi v(<vo) va cum ju: hi va'a. ...that we intend somehow to try and do
something, indeed.--'A:i 'ant 'i hi o va 'i ke:kad. Sure, I'll be standing here.--'Ai 'apt
a(<va) 'I ve:m vo hi:. You will go only with me.--Heg 'an a(<a) 'i vi: mo'oj. Only his
skull was left.--Hab a(<va) 'i ge ki:jig. Thus, it has only some kind of entrance door.

va'aki N inalien indiv [pl: vapaki; distr: va'apaki]: ceremonial house; fort

va'akp see Vtr va'akpan= to moisten, sprinkle with water, obj

va'akpaag s- Stat tr: to be good at moistening obj

ex: ... k 'ok va g jevu sva'akpaagc hab cu'ig. ... and he is the one who is good at
moistening the soil (said about the mocking bird).

va'akpan Vtr [Neutr: def va'akp; hort va'akpan. Correl: va'akpan-k; immed: va'akpan-
ka-'i]: to moisten, sprinkle water on, obj
ex: Nt o va'akp g vatto. I'll moisten (the ground under) my ramada.

va'apaki see N va'aki= ceremonial house; fort

va'apdadk see Adj vadadk= shiny, bald
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va'apdadka/ va'igame

va'apdadka Vintr pls (for sgs see vadadka) [Neutr: def va'apdadka. Interr:
va'apdadka-him]: to become shiny, bald

va'apdadka[i[]d Vtr plo (for sgo see vadadkad) [Neutr: def and hort va'apdadkad]:
to shine obj (same as va'apdadkajid)

va'apdadkajid Vtr and dtr plo (for sgo see vadadkajid) [Neutr: def va'apdadkaj;
hort va'apdadkajid]: to shine obj (same as va'apdadka[i]d); to shine obj for somebody

va'apdadk-u:k NComp inalien sing: a pair of patent leather shoes

va'apkok see Adj vakok= curved, bowed

va'apkok see Stat vakok= to be curved, bowed
va'avaik see Mod vaik= three

va'avaik Vintr [Interr: va'avaik-him]: to make three points at a time

ex: ... va'avaikhim hega'i ba:baj. ... his grandfather makes three points at a time.

va'ava Stat sgs [pls: vapava]: to be soaked through, sweating

ex: Hemu 'unt(<'ant) 'am dai g ha'a k va'ava. I just set a (new) olla there and it is
sweating.

va'i see Vtr va'ig= to put obj (a liquid) in a container with a small opening

va'ig Vtr Unit (for Distr see va:pa'ig) [Neutr: def va'i; indef va'ig; imper sgs va'iga-/
va'igi-; hort va'ig. Correl: va'ig-k; immed: va'ig-ka-'i. Compl: va'igi-ok; immed: va'igi-
oka-'i. Interr: va'ig[i]-him ]: to put obj (a liquid) in a container with a little opening
ex: Napt o va'i g saidi? Do you want (to fill your tank with) gas? Napt o ho(<ha) va'i g
saidi? Do you want some gas? 'An o ho(<ha) va'i g 'e:'e. He will take a sample of my
blood. M g ha va'ig g saidi. Get some gas! Tt o ho(<ha) va'igk g u:dag, t o
s'i'imcudad. Let's take some water in a container (like a gourd), I'll be feeling like
having a drink. Cum 'a hekid 'i a va'ig g saidi 'i:ya'a. Here is where I always get gas.

va'ig Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-va:pa'ig) [Neutr: def 'e-va'i. Interr: 'e-va'ig[i]-him]:
to be put in one container with a small opening (said of a liquid)
ex: 'Eva'i g u:dag. The water was put in it (a bottle). 'Eva'ighim 'o g u:dag. The
water is being put in it.

va'igame Vtr Unit sgs (for pls see va'igop) [Neutr: def va'igam; hort va'igame]: to
go and put obj (a liquid) in a container with a small opening; to go and get water
 299

va'igcug/ va'ig

va'igcug Vtr sing [Neutr: def va'igc]: to carry obj (a liquid) in a container with a small
opening

va'igid Vdtr sing (for mult see va:pa'igid) [Neutr: def va'ig; hort va'igid. Correl:
va'igid-k; immed: va'igid-ka-'i. Interr: va'igida-him]: to put a liquid in obj (a container
with a small opening such as a bottle or an olla)
ex: Am 'o va'igidahim. He is putting a liquid in it (of a bottle).

va'igid Vdtr sing (for mult see va:pa'igid) [Neutr: def va'ig; hort va'igid. Correl:
va'igid-k; immed: va'igid-ka-'i]: to put obj (a liquid) in a container with a small opening
for somebody (same as va'igidacud)
ex: ... heg'ab hava'ig. ... in that (a gourd) she put it (water) for them. B(<'ab) g 'i ha
va'igid 'ab vako 'ab! Put some of it in my gourd for me! Napt o va'i g saidi? Heu'u,
m g ha va'igid! Do you want gas? Yes, Put some in for me!

va'igidac see Vdtr va'igidacud= to put a liquid in a container for somebody

va'igidacud Vdtr sing (for mult see va:pa'igidacud) [Neutr: def va'igidac; hort
va'igidacud]: to put obj (a liquid) in one container with a small opening for somebody
(same as va'igid)
ex: ... 'am a(<va) 'ep 'al hava'igidac 'ab vakot'ab. ... again she put it (the water) in a gourd
for them. Kut 'ab hab hava'igidac g u:dag ... She put (hearsay) water in (a gourd) for
them ... M g va'igidacud g u:dag 'ab vako 'ab! Put water in my gourd for me!

va'igidam ha- N subst: one who puts a liquid in a container with a small opening for
somebody

va'igidam vu ha- Stat Expr tr: to be one who puts a liquid in a container with a small
opening for somebody
ex: 'A:i 'a u hava'igidam g saidi. I am the one who puts gas in (tanks) for people.

va'igidas Stat sing [mult: va:pa'igidas]: to be/ have been put in a container with a small
opening (such as a bottle or an olla; said of a liquid)

va'ig see Vdtr va'igid= to put a liquid in a container with a small opening for someone

va'ig N inalien indiv [pl/distr: va:pa'ig]: liquid in a container with a small opening

va'ig Stat tr sing [mult: va:pa'ig]: to have a liquid in a container with a small opening
ex: Nap ge va'ig g u:dag? Do you have any drinking water (in an olla)?
 300

va'igku/ va'unaku

va'igku N inalien indiv [pl: vapaigku; distr: va:pa'igku]: water jar, olla; faucet
(container with a small opening for liquids, such as an olla or a bottle; same as to:baku)

va'igop Vtr pls (for sgs see va'igame) [Neutr: def and hort va'igo; indef va'igop]: to
go and put a liquid in a container with a small opening; to go and get water

va'igpa Vtr [Neutr: def va'igpa]: to come back from the well once, to bring back water
in a container with a small opening (such as an olla or a bottle; same as va'igpa?)
ex: Va'igpa 'ant. I just came back from the well (I just brought back water in an olla.)

va'igpa Vtr Unit [Neutr: def va'igpa. Compl: va'igpa-ok; immed: va'igpa-oka-'i]: to
come back from the well, to bring back water in a container with a small opening (same
as va'igpa?)
ex: Nt o 'ip va'igpaoka'i. Wait until I come back from the well.

va'igpa Vtr [Neutr: indef va'igpa. Compl: va'igpa-ok; immed: va'igpa-oka-'i. Dur:
va'igpaa-d]: to come back from the well reiteratedly, to bring back water in a container
with a small opening reiteratedly
ex: P hekid va'igpa? When do you come back from the well? Nt o 'ip va'igpaoka'i!
Wait until I come back from the well! Pt o va'igpaad. You will be bringing water
from the well.

va'u see Vtr va'un= to pull obj

va'u see Vreflex 'e-va'un= to stretch oneself; to stretch

va'un (met of *va'un) Vtr sgo (for plo see vap'un) [Neutr: def va'u; hort and
indef va'un; impers sgs va'una-. Correl: va'un-k; immed: va'un-ka-'i. Interr:
va'una-him. Dur: va'una-d]: to pull obj
ex: B(<'ab) 'att o gia g mma:gina k o 'i mva'u. We'll attach a rope to your car and pull
you. 'I va'un g vijina! Pull the rope! M(<'am) g ab 'i va'unad! Keep on pulling it!
M(<'am) 'apt o va'unk o to:bad. Having pulled it you will twist it. M g ab 'i
va'unahid! Keep on pulling it (with interruptions)! Vo to:bahidc o va'unahid! Twist
it and pull it at the same time (with interruptions)! Mo hekaj ha'icu va'un. (A yoke is)
that with which they pull something.

va'un (met of *va'un) Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vap'un) [Neutr: def 'e-va'u; hort
'e-va'un]: to stretch oneself (same as 'e-'o:an); to get stretched
ex: Nt o 'i va'u. I'll stretch myself.

va'unaku N inalien indiv [pl: vap'unaku]: pegs used to stretch a cow hide
 301

va'unc/ va'ubag

va'unc (met of *va'unc) semi Stat tr sgo (for plo see vap'unc) [Neutr: def, hort,
indef va'unc. Dur: va'unci-d. Interr: va'unc=ka-him]: to have obj pegged
ex: B(<'ab) 'a 'i va'unc. I am holding it. Si 'i va'uncid! Keep on holding it real hard!

va'undam (met of *va'undam) 'e- N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -va'undam=ga);
pl/distr: 'e-vap'undam]: accordion
ex: Nap sma:c mapt has masma vo ge:g g 'eva'undam? Do you know how to play the
accordion?

va'uppa Vtr [Neutr: indef va'uppa; concurs va'uppa-c. Dur: va'uppaa-d]: to

pull and let go of obj
ex: 'Evi:bamga 'i va'uppa. He keeps pulling at his chewing gum. Va'uppac beihim
g vijina. He is pulling the rope hand over hand. M 'apt o si 'i va'uppaad. You will
keep on pulling on it and letting it go.

va'u (met of *va'u) Vtr sgo (for plo see vap'u): to pull at obj reiteratedly

va'u (met of *van'u) Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vap'u) [Neutr: indef 'e-va'u]:
to get stretched, pulled at, reiteratedly
ex: 'I 'i(<'e)va'u g 'u:li. Rubber can be pulled at.

va'u see Vtr impers va'uj= to get obj wet

va'ub see Vtr va'uban= to dampen, moisten, obj

va'ub Vintr [Neutr: def va'ub. Interr: va'uba-him]: to get dewy, damp
ex: Si'alim 'at o va'ub. Tomorrow it will be dewy. Va'ubahim 'o. It's getting dewy.

va'ubagid Vtr [Neutr: def va'ubag; hort va'ubagid. Correl: va'ubagid-k; immed:
va'ubagid-ka-'i]: to dampen, moisten obj (same as va'uban)
ex: Ju:k 'at o va'ubag g jevu. The rain will moisten the soil. M g 'i va'ubagid!
Moisten it!

va'ubagig N: dampness, drizzle (same as va'uban)

ex: Va'ubagig 'atk gei. The drizzle has started to fall.

va'ubagig s- Stat Unit: to be dewy in one location

ex: Sva'ubagig 'o. It is dewy.

va'ubag s- N: dew
ex: Gei 'atk g sva'ubag. It is dewy (the dew has fallen). T o gega g sva'ubag. It will
be dewy several times.
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va'ubag[]/ va'us

va'ubag[] s- Stat: to be damp, moist

ex: Ves g nuuk 'o sva'ubag. All of my shoes are damp.

va'ubag see Vtr va'ubagid= to dampen, moisten obj

va'uban Vtr [Neutr: def va'ub; hort va'uban. Correl: va'uban-k; immed: va'uban-ka-'i.
Interr: va'ubana-him]: to dampen, moisten obj (same as va'ubagid)
ex: Ju:k 'at o va'ub g jevu. The rain will dampen the soil. Si va'ub ['at]. I am full of
dew (it dampened me a lot). M(<'am) g 'i va'uban! Dampen it! Va'ubahim 'o. It is
beginning to dampen him/it.

va'uba N: dampness, drizzle (same as va'ubagig)

ex: Va'uba 'atk gei. The drizzle has started to fall.

va'uba Vintr [Neutr: indef va'uba. Interr: va'uba-him]: to be damp, moist

ex: Ha'a 'o va'uba. The olla is damp. Va'ubahim 'o. It's getting damp (said of the
weather).

va'ubba Vtr impers [Neutr: def va'ubba; indef va'ubba. Dur: va'ubbaa-d]: to get obj
damp, to drizzle on obj (said about the weather)
ex: T o tva'ubbaad. We'll have dampness for a few days (it will be dampening us).
Tva'ubba. It's drizzling on us. va'ubba. It got me damp.

va'ug (dial: va'og) N inalien [3rd pers sg va'uga-j]: stalk, stem of a plant
pilka-va'ug N Comp alien [1st pers sg pilka-va'ug=ga]: wheat straw
'ea-va'ug NComp inalien: spine, backbone

va'ug (dial: va'og) Stat [Neutr: indef va'ug; concurs va'ug-c]: to have a stalk, stem
ex: avak va'ugc vu:. It grew with a sturdy stalk.

va'uj Vtr impers [Neutr: def va'u. Correl: va'uj-k; immed: va'uj-ka-'i. Interr: va'uj-him.]:
to get obj wet, moist
ex: va'u 'ut(<'at). I am wet. Vo va'u g jevu. It will get the soil wet. ... 'o:'ogaj
va'ujhim g jevu gn hu me:k. ... his tears are getting the soil wet way all around him.

va'us see Vtr va'usid= to dampen, moisten obj

va'us s- Adj: damp, moist

ex: ... 'ab o 'i vanckva g sva'us hevel. ... pull down the damp wind.

va'us s- Stat: to be damp, moist

ex: 'O kia sva'us g li:va. My coat is still damp.
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va'usid/ va:ga

va'usid Vtr [Neutr: def va'us; hort va'usid]: to dampen, moisten

ex: Nt o ho(<ha) va'us g cu'i. I'll moisten some flour. --M g ha va'usid! Moisten some of
it!

va'usig s- Stat Unit [Neutr: indef s-va'usig; def s-va'usig=k]: to be damp/ moist in one
location
ex: Jevu 'o sva'usig. The soil is damp. 'A'ak cici 'an o sva'usigk g jevu. At the
mouth of each wash the soil will be damp.

va'usim s- Adv: damply

ex: Si sva'usim me g hevel. The wind blows damply.

va: -

va: see Vintr va:k= to go in, come in, enter

va: see Vtr va:k= to put (something) on
va: see Vreflex 'e-va:k= to be entered in
va: see Vtr va:g= to mix obj with water, to irrigate

va:g- Vtr Unit (for Distr see va:pag) sing (for mult see vapga) [Neutr: def va:; hort
va:g; imper sgs va:ga-/ va:gi-. Interr: va:ga-him/ va:gi-him]: to irrigate obj in one spot;
to mix obj with water once
ex: Nt o va: g 'oidag. I'll irrigate my field (in one spot). Pi g 'am va:g g 'e'oidag!
Don't irrigate your field! 'Ab va:gahim. He is coming up this way irrigating it. Nt o
ho(<ha) va: g cu'i. I'll mix some dough. Nt o va: g hodai-cu'i. I'll mix the cement.
M(<'am) g ha va:g g jevu! Could you mix some soil with water!

va:g- Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-va:. Interr: 'e-va:ga-him/ 'e-va:gi-him]: to be irrigated

ex: 'Eva:gahim. It is being irrigated.

va:ga N: act of mixing something with water

ex: Nap sma:c g va:ga? Do you know how to make dough (the mixing with water)?

va:ga N inalien mass [distr: va:paga]: dough (or anything mixed with water)
ex: 'I ha ma:k g va:ga! Give me some dough! G o 'i ha'o''olat g 'eva:paga! Each one
of you, roll up your dough into buns!
bid-va:ga NComp inalien mass: plaster mixture
cu'i-va:ga NComp inalien mass: cooked flour mixed with water, pinole
hodai-cu'i-va:ga NComp inalien mass: mortar, cement (when mixed with water)
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va:ga/ va:haigam

toha-bid-va:ga NComp inalien mass: white clay mixture

vegi-bid-va:ga NComp inalien mass: red clay mixture

va:ga Stat Unit (for Distr see va:paga): to have dough

ex: Nap ge va:ga? Do you have some dough?
bid-va:ga StatComp: to have plaster
ex: Nap ge bid-va:ga? Do you have any plaster?

-va:gag in s-bid-va:gag Stat Comp impers Unit: to be full of clay mixture in one
location

va:gaim see Vtr va:gaime= to go and irrigate (one spot)

va:gaime Vtr Unit sing (for mult see vapgaime) sgs [Neutr: def va:gaim, hort
va:gaime]: to go and irrigate one spot
ex: Nt o va:gaim. I'll go and irrigate (one spot).

va:gaku/va:giku N alien indiv [pl: va:pgaiku]: instrument to mix something with

water
bai-cu'i-va:gaiku s- NComp alien indiv: pinole bowl (used to mix pinole flour with
water)
hodai-cu'i-va:gaiku NComp alien indiv: cement mixer

va:g-cecem NComp aggreg (?): dragonfly (libulellid)

va:gid Vdtr sing (for mult see vapg[a]id) [Neutr: def va:g; hort va:gid. Correl:
va:gid-k; immed: va:gid-ka-'i]: to mix obj with water once for somebody; to irrigate/
water, obj (in one spot) for somebody
ex: Nt o ho(<ha) mva:g g cu'i. I'll mix you some pinole flour. 'Atp gm hu 'i 'am haha
va a skovkam 'ep va:g 'ep. Later on he mixed it (the pinole flour) into a thick paste for
her again. M(<'am) g ha va:gid g cu'i. Mix me some pinole flour! ia k 'am hab
haha 'al skomal va:gidk 'ab ma:. Well, after he had mixed it (the pinole flour) into a thin
paste, he gave it to her. G 'i va:gid g 'e'es! Could you water my plant for me!

va:g see Vdtr va:gid= to mix obj with water for somebody

va:haidam Adv: with effort, difficulty (old word; same as si ham and s-hasigam)
ex: ... 'am pi va:haidam juhim. ... he is doing it effortlessly.

va:haigam s- Adv: damp, humid

ex: a 'i sva:haigam heve. A damp wind is blowing.
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va:k-/ va:kid

va:k- Vintr Unit (for Repet see vapke) sgs (for pls see va:pk) [Neutr: def va:; hort
va:k. Correl: va:-k; immed: va:-ka-'i. Compl: va:ki-ok; immed: va:ki-oka-'i. Interr: va:ki-
him.]: to go in, to come in, to enter
ex: Nt o 'i va:? Can I come in? B(<'ab) g 'i va:k! Come in! B(<'ab) g ab 'i va:k!
Come right in! B(<hab) 'ant 'i 'a: mant 'am o va:. I decided to go in there. Kut 'im
hu va: jevu veco. He sank below the ground. ia tp 'im hu va:. Well, he went in there
(a cave). (<'a) 'ab va:khim. I am making my way through. M(<'am) 'apt o 'i
va:khid. You will be making your way through. ... 'an o 'i va:khi ki:k 'oidk. ... he will
go from house to house. Kunt 'am o hi: k o 'i va:k 'am o ei. I'll go there and having
gotten in I'll have a look. Kunt 'am o hi: k o 'i va:kioka'ik 'am o eidoka'i. I'll go there
and having gotten in I'll have a look (and I will come back here).

va:k- Vtr Unit (for Repet see vapke) sgs (for pls see va:pk) [Neutr: def va:; imper sgs
va:ki-; hort va:k]: to put obj on
ex: ia k 'ab aha(<haha) va: g 'evonom[]. Well, then he put his hat on. Ps hems 'i g
'evonom[] 'ab o va:. I thought you were going to put on your hat. B(<'ab) g va:k g
'eli:va! Put on your coat!

va:k- Vreflex (Neutr: def 'e-va:]: to be entered in

ex: ... c hab a 'i ge ki:jig matp hab hi a(<va) jeg mat 'amje 'am o 'i 'i(<'e)va:. ... and it had
only one entrance which was the opening from where one could get in.

va:kc semi Stat sgs (for pls see va:pkc) [Neutr: indef va:kc. Dur: va:kci-d. Interr:
va:kc=ka-him]: to have obj on
ex: B(<'ab) 'a va:kc g aliv. I have pants on. B(<'ab) g ab 'i va:kcid g 'eli:va! Keep
your coat on!

va:kcug Vtr sgs (for pls see va:pkcug): to be wearing obj (to move with obj on)
ex: Va:kcug g 'eli:va. He is wearing (moving wearing) his coat.

va:ki see Vtr va:kid= to put obj in, to make obj go in

va:ki see Vdtr va:kid= to put obj on somebody

va:kid Vtr Unit (for Repet see vapkid) sgo (for plo see va:pkid) [Neutr: def va:k;
hort va:kid. Correl: va:kid-k; immed: va:kid-ka-'i]: to put obj in, to make obj go in
ex: M(<'am) 'ant o 'i va:k g haiva 'am kolaic'ea. I'll put the cow in the corral.
D(<g) g hu 'i va:kid g haiva kolaic'e! Put the cow in the corral! 'I va:kid ki:c'ea!
Put it inside the house! Nt o va:k g vepegi. I'll plug in the light. B(<'ab) g va:kid g
vepegi! Plug in the light! ... 'am 'i va:kidk 'am hab voi gda:m hega'i matp 'am toa
ku'ag. ... having taken her in there, he laid her down on top of the firewood that had been
put there.
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va:kid/ va:lko

va:kid Vdtr Unit (for Repet see vapkid) sgo (for plo see va:pkid) [Neutr: def va:k;
hort va:kid]: to put obj on somebody
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o mva:k g mli:va. I'll put your coat on you. B(<'ab) g va:kid g li:va!
Put my coat on me!

va:kidalig N indiv [pl: vapkidalig]: coat (Pima word, same as li:va)

va:kidc semi Stat tr sgo (for plo see va:pkidc) [Neutr: indef va:kidc. Dur: va:kidci-d]:
to have obj put in, inserted in

va:k[i]him Vtr impers Interr sgo (for plo see va:pk[i]him): to get obj to sink in little
by little
ex: 'Ee'eidk, m 'at hu ab o 'i mva:khid am u:dagc'e. Be careful, you are sinking
deeper and deeper in the water. Gm hu ab 'i va:khim 'am u:dagc'e. I am sinking
deeper and deeper into the water.-- ..'in hu a 'i hugk'am 'am 'i va:khim 'ekusvo 'an 'am
jevuo. ..he is sinking deeper and deeper until only his neck is on a level with the ground.

va:kim s-ta Adv [distr: s-ta-va:pkim]: enterable

ex: Stava:kim cu'ig. There is a way in. Pi 'im hu tava:kim cu'ig mas s'ap 'am o gahi
da'ivu ha'icu. There is no way in (it is not enterable) so that something could go through.
Hehe'es 'o 'om(<'am) pi 'im hu tava:pkim cu'ig. Some places are not enterable.

va:ks in 'e-a:gid va:ks StatExpr: to be tangled up

ex: B 'i 'ea:gid va:ks g mo'oj. Her/his hair is tangled up (inserted among itself)

va:l (Span: bala) N alien aggreg [(1st pers sg: -va:l=ga); distr: vapal]: bullet(s)

va:ldi (Span: barrilito) N inalien indiv [pl: vapaldi; distr: vappaldi]: bucket

va:li/ va:lin (Span: barril) N inalien indiv [pl: vapli/ vaplin; distr: vappali/ vappalin]:
water tank, barrel

va:ldi-gi'aag NComp: basket handle

va:ldi-u:dagim Adv Comp: by the basketful

va:lit N alien/ inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg va:lita-j/ va:lit=ga-j); pl: vaplit; distr:
vappalit]: crowbar

va:lko (Span: barco) N inalien indiv [pl: vapalko; distr: vappalko]: boat
 307

va:mog/ va:pagt

va:mog (dial: va:mug) N aggreg: mosquito

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g va:mog. I see some mosquitoes.

va:mogag (dial: va:mugag) s-Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-vapamogag): to be full
of mosquitoes in a single location

va:mul N aggreg: marshes; quicksand

va:p see Vintr va:pk= to go in, come in, enter

va:p see Vtr va:pk= to put obj on
va:pa see Vtr va:pag= to mix obj with water, to irrigate
va:pag see N vag= hole, burrow
va:pag see Stat impers vag= there is a hole

va:pag Vtr Distr (for Unit see va:g-) [Neutr: def va:pa; hort va:pag]: to mix obj with
water
ex: M(<'am) 'amt o ho(<ha) va:pa g cu'i. Each one of you will mix some dough.
M(<'am) g o ho(<ha) va:pag g cu'i! Could each one of you mix some dough!

va:paga Stat Distr (for Unit see va:ga): to have dough, or anything mixed with water
ex: Nam ge va:paga? Does each one of you have dough?

va:paga see N va:ga= something mixed with water, dough

va:pagga see N vagga= hole, burrow of
va:pagga see Stat vagga= to have a hole, burrow

va:pagi s- Vintr [Neutr: def s-va:pagi. Interr: s-va:pagi-him]: to become numb

ex: Sva:pagi g nnovi. My hand is numb Sva:pagihim g kahio. My leg is getting
numb.

va:pagig N: numbness

va:pagioka'i see Vintr va:pa[mi]g= to get up

va:pagka'i see Vintr va:pa[mi]g= to get up

va:pagt Vintr mult (for sing see vagt) [Neutr: def, indef and hort va:pagt. Dur:
va:pagta-d]: to dig holes
ex: Nt o ha'i va:pagt. I'll dig a few holes. ... 'oia 'am hab aha(<haha) va:pagt mo a(<va)
'am hab a(<va) 'a:g. ... then he immediately dug the holes as he had said. M g o
ob(<vab) 'i va:pagtad! You(pl) keep on digging holes!
 308

va:pagta[i]ku/ va:pa'ig

va:pagta[i]ku see N vagta[i]ku= shovel

va:pai N alien aggreg [(1rst pers sg: -va:pai=ga]: saguaro rib(s)

va:pakus N inalien aggreg: bedding (mattress, sheets, blankets)

ex: Nt o vapko g va:pakus. I'll wash my bedding.

va:pakus see vakus= flat surface

va:pakusig Stat Distr (for Unit see vakus): to form a flat surface in several locations

va:pakut Vtr Distr (for Unit see vakut): to make a flat surface out of obj
ex: Tapial 'apt 'am o va:pakut vakus da:m. Spread paper on the floor (in several rooms).

va:pa[mi]g Vintr pls (for sgs see vam[i]g-) [Neutr: def va:pam; indef va:pamig/
va:pamag; imper: va:pamgi-o; hort va:pamg. Correl: va:pa[mi]g-k; immed: va:pa[mi]g-
ka-'i. Compl: va:pa[m]gi-ok; immed: va:pa[m]gi-oka-'i. Dur: va:pam[i]ga-d]: to get up
ex: Tt o 'i va:pam. We'll get up. Va:pamgio! Get up! Va:pagk o ho(<ha)'ui g
'eooiga! Get up and get your pets! Pi 'ic(<'ac) va:pamig/ va:pamag domig 'e. We
don't get up (early) on Sunday. 'Idam 'o pi va:pamag, (<'a) ab havupa sisialmad.
They don't get up, I have to wake them up every morning. Tt o va:pamigad ves si'alig
'ab cu:dp 'o:la 'e. We'll get up every morning at 6.

va:pamgid Vtr plo (for sgo see vamgid) [Neutr: def va:pamg; hort and indef
va:pamgid]: to make obj get up
ex: Pt o 'i tva:pamg hekid 'i vamigka'i. Make us get up as soon as you have gotten up.
Nt o 'i vamigk o 'i 'im(<'em)va:pamg. I'll get up and make you(pl) get up. Gi'ikho
'om(<'am) 'i cum hava:pamgid. Four times he tried in vain to make them get up.

va:pamg see Vtr va:pamgid= to make obj get up

va:pam[] see Vintr va:pam[i]g= to get up

va:pa'ig Vtr Distr (for Unit see va'ig) [Neutr: def va:pa'i; indef va:pa'ig. Correl:
va:pa'ig-k; immed: va:pa'ig-ka-'i]: to put a liquid in a container with a small opening
ex: Mt o va:pa'i g u:dag 'ab 'evapko 'ab. Each one of you will put water in your
respective gourds. Namt o va:pa'i g saidi? Does each one of you want gas? Cum 'ac
hekid 'i a va:pa'ig g saidi 'i:ya'a. We get gas here all the time. Mt o va:pa'igk 'ab
'evapko 'ab. Each one of you will put it (a liquid) in his gourd (for the road)

va:pa'ig Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-va'ig) [Neutr: def 'e-va:pa'i. Interr: 'e-va:pa'ig[i]-
him]: to be put in several containers with a small opening (said of a liquid)
ex: 'Eva:pa'ighim 'o g u:dag. Water is being put in them (bottles).
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va:pa'igid/ va:pk

va:pa'igid Vdtr mult (for sing see va'ig) [Neutr: def va:pa'ig; indef and hort
va:pa'igid. Correl: va:pa'igid-k; immed va:pa'igid-ka-'i. Interr: va:pa'igida-him]: to put a
liquid in obj (several containers with a small opening such as bottles or ollas)
ex: u:dag 'apt 'am o ho(<ha)va:pa'ig! Put water in them (bottles)! Napt 'am a(<va)
hava:pa'ig? Did you put it (a liquid) in them (bottles)? M g hava:pa'igid! Put it (a
liquid) in them (bottles)! M g ha'i hava:pa'igid! Put it (a liquid) in a few of them
(bottles)!-- 'Am 'o ho(<ha) va:pa'igidahim. She is putting it (a liquid) in them (bottles).
Tt o ha'i hava:pa'igidk. We'll put it (a liquid) in a few of them (bottles) for the road.

va:pa'igid Vdtr mult (for sing see va'igid) [Neutr: def va:pa'ig; hort va:pa'igid.
Correl: va:pa'igid-k; immed: va:pa'igid-ka-'i]: to put a liquid in several containers with a
small opening for somebody
ex: M(<'am) g 'i ha va:pa'igid! Could you put some of it (a liquid) in them for me!

va:pa'igidacud Vdtr mult (for sing see va'igidacud) [Neutr: def va:pa'igidac; hort
va:pa'igidacud]: to put a liquid in several containers with a small opening for somebody
(same as va:pa'igid)
ex: M g va:pa'igidacud! Could you put it in (them) for me!

va:pa'igidas see Stat va'igidas= to be in a container with a small opening

va:pa'ig see N va'ig= liquid in a container with a small opening
va:pa'ig see Stat tr va'ig= to have a liquid in a container with a small opening
va:pa'igku see N va'igku: container with a small opening for liquids

va:pgag s- Stat impers: to be full of holes, burrows

ex: Voho a 'i sva:pgag 'i:na'a. It is indeed full of holes (burrows) around here. Pi 'o
'on(<'an) hu ha va:pag 'i:na'a. There are no holes (burrows) around here.

va:pgaiku see N va:gaiku= instrument used to mix something with water

va:phu see Vtr impers s-va:phu= to make obj sweat

va:phu s- Vtr impers plo (for sgo see s-vahu) [Neutr: def s-va:phu; indef s-
va:phu. Interr: s-va:phua-him]: to make obj sweat
ex: 'I 'it(<'at) stva:phu. We are full of sweat. 'I 'o stva:phuahim. We are beginning to
sweat. 'I 'o stva:phu. We sweat a lot.

va:p[h]udag see N vahudag= perspiration, sweat

va:p[h]udag see Stat s-vahudag= to sweat a lot

va:pk N aggreg [loc: va:pk-t -'ab]: common reed, river cane, giant reed (Phragmites
communis)
 310

va:pk/ va:pkid

va:pk Vintr pls (for sgs see va:k-) [Neutr: del va:p; indef va:pk; hort va:pk; concurs
va:pk-c. Correl: va:p-k; immed: va:p-ka-'i. Compl: va:pki-ok; immed: va:pki-oka-'i.
Interr: va:pka-him/va:pke-him/va:pk[i]-him. Dur: va:pka-d/ va:pke-d.]: to go in, to come
in, to enter
ex: ... gm hu ub(<vab) va:p g haooiga. ... their horses sank in. B(<'ab) g o 'i va:pk!
Come in! B(<'ab) g o 'i va:pkhim! Make your way through! Tt 'am o hihimk 'am o 'i
va:pka'ik 'am o eidoka'i. Having gone there and having gone in there we will have a
look (and then come back here). ..c 'am va:pk heg'ea ciho 'an 'i 'ep vuhakc 'am 'ep
va:pk. ..and they go into that cave, they go out again and they go in again ..'an va:pkc
'an 'i 'ep vuhak. ..they go in and out again. B(<'ab) 'o ob(<vab) si 'i va:pk pi 'ab hu
ontpagc g pualt. They usually come right in without knocking at the door. M(<'am) g o
ob(<vab) 'i vuhakadc 'ab 'ep o 'i va:pkad/va:pked! Keep on going in and out! B(<'ab)
'amt ab o 'i va:pkadc/va:pkedc pi 'ab hu o ge ontpagad g pualt. Just come in without
knocking at the door (every time you come).-- B(<'ab) 'o ob(<vab) si 'i va:pkahim/
va:pkehim pi 'ab hu ontpagc g pualt. They used to come in without knocking at the door.

va:pk Vtr pls (for sgs see va:k-) [Neutr: def va:p; indef va:pk; hort va:pk; imper
va:pki-o. Correl: va:p-k; immed: va:p-ka-'i]: to put obj on
ex: Va:pkio g 'evopnom. Put on your hats! Tt o va:pka'i g tvopnom k aha(<haha) vo
hihi! Let's put on our hats and go!

va:pkag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of reeds/ bamboo in one location

va:pkc semi Stat pls (for sgs see va:kc): to have obj on
ex: B(<'ab) g o ob(<vab) 'i hava:pkcid g 'eliliva! You(pl), keep your coats on!

va:pkcug Vtr pls (for sgs see va:kcug): to be wearing obj (to move with obj on)
ex: Va:pkcug g 'eliliva. They are wearing their coats.

va:pkid Vtr plo (for sgo see va:kid) [Neutr: def va:pk; hort and indef va:pkid. Correl:
va:pkid-k; immed: va:pkid-ka-'i. Compl: va:pkid-ok; immed va:pkid-oka-'i. Dur:
va:pkida-d]: to put obj in, to make obj go in
ex: Nt o 'i va:pk ha'icu. I'll bring the things in. ..g hu 'i hava:pk 'eki: 'e. ..she made
them go into her house. M(<'am) g ha'i va:pkid g pa:n pa:ntakuc'e! Put some buns
(or loaves or slices of bread) in the bread oven! Nap i hava:pkid g 'ehaivaga? Are you
putting your cows in (the corral)? Vo 'i hava:pkidad! Make them keep on going in and
out! Napt 'an o va:pk g 'enanhagio? Are you going to put on your earrings (person has
pierced ears)? Napt 'an o va:pkidk g 'enanhagio? Are you going to wear your earrings?

va:pkid Vdtr plo (for sgo see va:kid) [Neutr: def va:pk; indef and hort va:pkid]: to
put obj on somebody
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o 'emva:pk g 'emliliva. I'll put your coats on you. N g va:pkid! Put
them on me!
 311

va:pkidc/ Va:vgam

va:pkidc semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see va:kidc) [Neutr: indef va:pkidc. Dur: va:pkidci-
d]: to have obj put in, inserted in
ex: Nap 'an va:pkidc g 'enanhagio? Do you have your earrings on (person has pierced
ears)? N g ab(<vab) 'i va:pkidcid g 'enanhagio! Keep your earrings on (person has
pierced ears)!

va:pk[i]him Vtr impers Interr plo (for sgo see va:k[i]him): to get obj to sink in little
by little

va:pkim see Adv Expr s-ta-va:kim= enterable

va:pk see Vtr va:pkid= to put obj in, to make obj go in
va:pk see Vdtr va:pkid= to put obj on somebody

va:psig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-va:sig); to be full of broomweeds in several
locations

va:s N aggreg: broomweeds

ex: Smu'ij g va:s 'ama'i. There is a lot of broomweeds over there.

va:sig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-va:psig): to be full of broomweed in one
location

va:so (Span: baso) N inalien indiv [pl: vapso; distr: vappso]: can
ex: M(<'am) g hu vua hega'i va:so! Throw away that can! M(<'am) g hu ulig hegam
vapso! Throw away those cans! Nt o 'iava g vapso 'am 'akc'e. I'll throw away the cans
(in a container) in the wash.

va:v (dial: va:v) N inalien: father (term used by a child to address or refer to his father
when the latter belongs to the Va:vgam sib of the Buzzard moiety. This sib seems to be
found only among the Kokllodi).

va:vag N aggreg: a variety of fox

va:vag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of foxes in one location

Va:vgam N aggreg: the group of people belonging to a sib of the Buzzard moiety
(Affiliation to the group is carried through the males)

Va:vgam vu Stat Expr: to be (a) member(s) of the Va:vgam group

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) Va:vgam. He is a Va:vgam. Hegam 'o (<vu) Va:vgam. They are
Va:vgam.
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va:'o/ vecijkam

va:'o N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: va:'o-j); pl: vapa'o; distr: vappa'o]: wooden tongs
for picking prickly pear fruits

-va:'o in ho'ok-va:'o NComp aggreg: nightblooming cereus (Peniocerus greggi)

va:'o Stat sing [mult: vapa'o]: to have a pair of wooden tongs for picking prickly pear
fruits
ex: Nap ge va:'o? Do you(sg) have a pair of wooden tongs? Nap ge vapa'o? Do you
have (several) pairs of wooden tongs?

va:'ocud Vdtr sing: to make a pair of wooden tongs for picking prickly pear fruits out
of obj for somebody

va:'os see Vreflex 'e-va:'osid= to get stuck somewhere

va:'osid Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vapa'osid) [Neutr: def 'e-va:'os; hort 'e-va:'osid]:
to get stuck somewhere
ex: Pt o 'o(<'e)va:'os. You'll get stuck. va:'os 'ant. I got stuck. 'E-'etk(<'atk)-
'eva:'os. It is stuck. Pi g 'am 'eva:'osid! Don't (you sg) get stuck there!

va:'osidc semi Stat reflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vapa'osidc) [Neutr: def and indef 'e-
va:'osidc. Dur: 'e-va:'osidci-d. Interr: 'e-va:'osidc=ka-him]: to be stuck somewhere

-va:'osidk in Komkcud 'eVa:'osidk NExpr: name of Sells (place where a turtle

got stuck)

va:'ot Vtr sing: to make a pair of wooden tongs for picking prickly pear fruits out of obj

ve-

vecij Adj sg [pl: vepcij]: young, new

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) vecij 'o'ohon. It is a new book.

vecij vu Stat Expr: to be young

ex: ho:ig 'o ba'ic u 'i vecij. My wife is younger than me.

vecijkam N subst [pl: vepcijkam]: young, new one

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Vecij-/ veco[k]

Vecij-'Ahidag NComp [loc: Vecij-'Ahidag-c-'e]: New Year, New Year's Day

ex: Vecij-'Ahidag 'at 'e'ai. It's New Year's (Day).

vecjig s- Stat sgs [pls: s-vepcjig]: to be young, new

ex: Pi g 'am has a 'i 'e'a:gad, p ab kia svecjig. Don't worry, you are still young. 'O
ob(<vab) kia svepcig. They are still young.

veco Postp [distr: vepco]: below, under

ex: Kut si'alimk ga hu o 'ehemapa gveco do'ag. Early in the morning they will gather at
the foot of the mountain. G hu tveco ha'i ki:. There are some people living under us.
ia k 'am 'ep gei 'ep 'oia g hu si 'i(<'e)bid g hu bidc'ea g hu u:dag veco. Well,
then he dived again but he got stuck in the mud, underneath the water. Tp 'am 'i ei
hega'i 'uv hega'i ogivul k 'am bek g hu dai 'eveco. The woman saw the kickball, she
took it and put it under herself. (<ku) 'in veco cihog. they say there was a
cave below him. C g daiku 'an ke:k mi:sa-ku:g veco. And there is a chair (standing)
under the edge of the table. 'O 'om(<'am) ba:me mi:sa veco. He is crawling under
the table. C ab 'am ju:p jevu veco hega'i viappoi. And the boy just sank below the
ground. 'Im o himk 'am o dahiva hegda:m do'ag matp 'am gveco pi 'i(<'e)je:kc! Go
and alight on top of that mountain below which he couldn't be tracked! Gm hu ha'icu
eid 'eveco. He could see way below himself. Tvepco ki:k. They live under us (on
several floors). 'Am hihhimc g hu 'epipilsa vepco ha je:id. As each one of them goes
there, he smokes (some) under his blanket. vepco him. He is walking below me (all
over). 'Ab 'ep hi: u:dag vepco. Again he went (all over) under water.

vecoag N inalien indiv [pl: vepcoag; distr veppcoag]: slip, petticoat

ex: M(<'am) g 'i havapkon g vepcoag! Could you wash my slips!

veco-ge:sig NComp [loc: veco-ge:sig-c-'e]: sediment (something that has fallen

underneath)

vecohim Vtr Interr: to get under obj, somebody's authority

ex: B(<'ab) 'o ob(<vab) vecohim. He/they is/are in the process of getting under me
(my authority).

vecoji Postp [distr: vepcoji]: from under

ex: Huu vecoji= from under the West 'im hu tvecoji= from under us 'im hu
havepcoji= from under them (in various places)

veco[k] Stat tr [Neutr: veco[k]; def vecok. Interr: vecoka-him. Dur: vecoka-d]: to be
under obj, somebody's authority
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veco[k]/ vegidaku

ex: ... ondal mo 'om(<'am) veco[k] ... the soldiers who are under me. B(<'ab) 'a ab
haveco. I am just under them (their authority). B(<'ab) 'ant ab o ho(<ha)vecok. I'll
just be under them (their authority).

vecokam N subst: something or somebody being underneath

vecokam vu Stat Expr: to be something or somebody underneath

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) ab vecokam. It is just a deposit (sediment). D(<vu) 'a ab
havecokam. I am just under them (their authority).

veco-kami NComp inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -veco-kami; 3rd pers sg veco-
kamia-j); pl: vepco-kakami; distr: vepco-kakkami]: undershirt, T-shirt

veco-aliv NComp inalien indiv [pl: vepco-aaliv; distr: vepco-aaliv]: underpants

vegcu s- N subst sg [pl: s-vepegcu]: red one

vegi Vintr sgs (for pls see vepegi) [Neutr: def vegi. Interr: vegi-him]: to become red
ex: Si 'iptk(<'aptk) vegi. You are flushed (you have gotten very red).

vegi-bid NComp mass alien [1st pers sg -vegi-bid=ga]: red clay

vegi-bidag s- Stat Comp: to be full of red clay

ex: 'Am 'o svegi-bidag. It is full of red clay over there.

vegi-bid-va:ga NComp mass inalien [1st pers sg -vegi-bid-va:ga; 3rd pers sg vegi-
bid-va:ga-j]: red clay mixture (red clay mixed with water)

vegi-bid-va:ga s- StatComp: to have red clay mixture

ex: Nap ge svegi-bid-va:ga? Do you have some red clay mixture?

vegid Vtr sgo (for plo see vepegid) [Neutr: def and hort vegid]: to redden, paint obj red
(same as vegijid)
ex: Nt o vegid g ki: svegima. I'll paint my house red.

vegid Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vepegid) [Neutr: def and hort 'e-vegid]: to paint
oneself red (same as 'e-vegijid)
ex: B(<'ab) g 'i 'i(<'e)vegid. Paint yourself red.

vegidaku N inalien [distr: vepegidaku]: flashlight (same as tonlidaku)

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vegidc/ vegi-

vegidc semi Stat reflex [Neutr: def and indef 'e-vegidc. Interr: 'e-vegidc=ka-him. Dur:
'e-vegidci-d]: to light oneself, to have the light on
ex: P hascukaj 'evigidc? What kind of light do you use? Ge cuhug 'evegidc. He had the
light on all night long. Mams hascukaj o 'o(<'e)vegidc o 'oiyopod? What kind of light
will you use when you are around? Pi g 'am ge cuhug 'evegidcid. Don't keep the light
on all night long.

vegij see Vtr vegijid= to redden/ paint obj red

vegijid Vtr sgo (for plo see vepegijid) [Neutr: def vegij; hort vegijid]: to redden obj,
paint obj red (same as vegid)
ex: Nt o vegij g ki: svegima. I'll paint my house red. Nt o 'i vegij g nci. I'll put
lipstick on (I'll redden my mouth). G 'i vegijid g 'eci! Put lipstick on!

vegijid Vreflex sgs: to paint oneself red (same as 'e-vegid)

ex: Pt hascukaj 'evegij? With what did you paint yourself red? B(<'ab) g 'i
'i(<'e)vegijid! Paint yourself red!

vegijidaku N inalien: instrument to paint something red

ci-vegijidaku NComp inalien [sg (1st pers sg n-ci-vegijidaku; 3rd pers sg ci-
vegijidakua-j)]: lipstick (mouth reddener); lipstick tube
ex: Nt o hema nolot g ci-vegijidaku. I'll buy a lipstick tube. Nt o ha'i hanolot g
ci-vepegijidaku. I'll buy a few lipstick tubes.
ka:kam-vepegijidaku NComp inalien: rouge (cheek reddener)

vegima s- Adv [distr: s-vepegim]: red

ex: Cum 'o svegima bidhunas. It was painted red. Svepegim ssi:bamag. It is covered
with red spatters. Svepegim 'ab 'o'ohoag. It has red designs.

vegium s- Adj sg [pl: s-vepegium]: pink

ex: Hema 'a svegium 'ipu. I have a pink dress.

vegium s- Stat sgs [pls: s-vepegium]: to be pink

ex: Svegium 'o. It is pink. Svepegium 'o. They are pink.

vegiumi Vintr sgs (for pls see vepegiumi) [Neutr: def vegiumi. Interr: vegium[i]-
him]: to become pink
ex: Vegiumi 'itk(<'atk). It is pink (the sky at sunset or sunrise). Tk a(<va) ab a 'i
vegiumhi. It has just started getting quite pink (a fruit).

vegi-vama NComp indiv [pl: vepegi-vahamma]: a variety of snake (red snake)

ex: Smu'ij g vepegi-vahamma. There are lots of red snakes.
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vegi-/ vehemmat

vegi-vamaag s- Stat Comp impers Unit: to be full of red snakes in one location

veg s- Adj sgs [pl s-vepeg]: red

ex: 'Id 'i takaj 'ant 'ab o va: g sveg 'ipu. Today I'll put on my red dress.

veg[] s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-veg; def s-veg=k. Interr: s-veg=ka-him. Dur: s-
veg=ka-d); pls: s-vepeg]: to be red
ex: 'Ab o vu: g cevag k o svegkad hega'i cevag. A cloud will rise and that cloud will be
red.

vegk s- Stat impers: there is a red spot

ex: B(<'ab) g ha 'iava g alcohol 'aba'i mo 'ob(<'ab) svegk 'aba'i! Pour some alcohol (on
me) where there is a red spot!

veheji Postp: for, in place of, with obj

ex: No 'om(<'am) ha'icu vi'is 'am veheji? Is there anything left for me? M(<'am) g 'i
'apcud g ki: 'am nna'naipijhu haveheji? Could you prepare the house for my friends?
Kut o a(<va) ko'oko 'am havehehi. It will hurt them (it will get painful for them). Nt
o moikad g hog 'am veheji. I'll tan the hide for him. K hascu u 'i:da'a 'am tveheji?
In what way does this concern us (what is this for us)? Pi 'ic(<'ac) ha i'ok 'am table
veheji. We do not have a word for table. M(<'am) g o kia cikpan 'am tveheji! Could
you(pl) replace us for a while (work in place of us)! Cikpan 'a 'am haveheji 'idam. I
am replacing them. Nap 'am a(<va) s'ape veheji? Are you satisfied with me?
heg-veheji Conj: in order to
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) a 'i 'ape hegveheji maps 'am o va: 'am ki: 'e. I am not good enough
for you to enter my house. Kutt 'i a(<va) dada hegveheji matt 'am o tho'ige'idahu
'am vui. We came here in order to pray to him.

vehejikam vu Stat Expr: to be good for/ useful to obj

ex: Hascu u vehejikam hega'i? What is that good for? Vu o 'uvc am a(<va) ha'icu
vu o vehejikamk. Being a woman, she will be useful to me.

vehemmat Vtr Repet (for Unit see ve:mt) [Neutr: indef vehemmat]: without 'i: to join,
pair with obj repeatedly; with 'i: to help obj repeatedly
ex: Heg 'o 'ob(<'ab) vehemmat. He pairs with me each time. Mt o 'i vehemmatad.
You all will be helping me, each time!

vehemmat Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-ve:mt) [Neutr: indef 'e-vehemmat. Interr:
'e-vehemmata-him]: to join, pair with each other repeatedly (used without 'i)
ex: Hegam 'o 'o(<'e)vehemmat cum hekid. They pair with each other all the time.
Hegam 'o cum hekid 'ab 'evehemmatahim. They used to pair with each other all the time.
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vehemmat/ vepcjig

'a'ai 'i 'e-vehemmat VExpr reflex Repet (for Unit see 'a'ai 'i 'e-ve:mt): to help one
another repeatedly
ex: 'A'ai 'i 'i(<'e)vehemmat. They help each other, each time.

venog Conj: when, while (same as 'ea)

ex: B(<'ab) haeid g television mapt venog jiva. I was looking at TV when you came.
Begi, ia'a, venog matsp 'ea 'in 'o'odhamag hek hu ... Well, see, once upon a time there
were people, long ago ... Venog 'am 'enavai. That is when wine was made for the first
time. Nat pi hek hu hab cu'ig g jevu matsp venog svecjig. Because that is what the
world was like, long ago, when it was young.

veim N: satiation of hunger for meat

ex: Ha'icuk g veim 'am ki: 'am. There is satiation at my house.

veva Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see vepva) [Neutr: def veva]: to satisfy one's hunger
for meat
ex: Veva 'ant. I am no longer craving meat.

vepc see Adj s-ve:c= heavy

vepc see Stat s-ve:c= to be heavy
vepccu see N s-ve:cu= heavy weight
vepccu see Stat Expr vu s-ve:cu= to be a heavy weight
vepcdag see N ve:cdag= weight of something or somebody

vepci Vintr pls (for sgs see ve:ci) [Neutr: def vepci. Interr: vepci-him]: to become
heavy
ex: Vepci 'itt(<'att). We are heavy. Vepcihim 'o. They are getting heavy.

vepcid Vtr plo (for sgo see ve:c[i]d) [Neutr: def and hort vepcid]: to weigh obj down
(same as vepc[i]jid)
ex: Nt o 'i havepcid. I'll weigh them down.

vepcij see Adj vecij= young, new

vepcij see Vtr ve:cjid= to weigh obj down

vepc[i]jid Vtr plo (for sgo see ve:c[i]jid) [Neutr: def vepcij; hort vepcjid]: to weigh
obj down (same as vepcid)

vepcim see N s-ve:cim= heavy one

vepcim see Stat Expr vu s-ve:cim= to be a heavy one
vepcjig see Stat s-vecjig= to be young, new
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vepco/ vepegi

vepco see Postp veco= below, under

vepcoag see N vecoag= slip, petticoat

vepcoag N inalien aggreg: underwear (same as vepco-'ega)

vepcoji see Postp vecoji= from under

vepco-kakami see NComp veco-kami= undershirt
vepco-kakkami see NComp veco-kami= undershirt
vepco-aaliv see NComp veco-aliv= underpants
vepco-aaliv see NComp veco-aliv= underpants

vepco-'ega NComp inalien aggreg: underwear (same as vepcoag)

vepegcu see N s-vegcu= red one

vepege Vintr inpers Unit (for Distr see veppege) [Neutr: def and indef vepege; concurs
vepege-c. Interr: vepeg[e]-him]: to strike (said of lighting)
ex: Si vepege 'et(< 'at). Lightning struck hard. Tohoabad 'o jujkudc vepege. In
summer there are thunder storms (it rains and there is lightning). 'I 'o va 'i vepeghim.
Lightning is coming this way. Vepegec kokpec ju:k. It is lightning and thundering and
raining. M o jujkud 'am o si vepege. When it rains lightning strikes.

vepegi N: electricity; electric switch; electric line

ex: Pi mei g vepegi mant 'am 'i cum mehi, tp hu 'i 'i(<'e)pac. The electricity did not go
on (burn) when I tried to turn it on (burn it), maybe it is out of order. M(<'am) 'at o
a(<va) meihid g vepegi ki:jigt'am. The electricity will be on (burning) at the entrance
door. 'U'uvhig 'atk 'an dahiva vepegit'an. A bird alighted on the electric line. Vepegi
'an vava. There is an electric line. Vepegi 'an vavpa. There are several electric lines.
Nt o 'i dag g vepegi. I'll push down the electric switch.

vepegi N: show, movie

ex: Hema 'ant ei g vepegi. I saw a movie. Skegaj 'ok g vepegi. It looks like a good
movie. Sta-'ak(<'ok)-'e:bidama g vepegi. It looks like a frightening movie. Sta:hadag
'ok g vepegi. It looks like an amusing movie. Nt ab ha'as hu 'i ha ei g vepegi k ga hu
'i vu:. I saw only some of the show (some for a while) and then I went out. 'Ea hugk
'am 'ant ha ei g vepegi k 'i vu:. I saw half of the show and then went out.

vepegi Vreflex impers [Neutr: def and indef vepegi. Interr: vepegi-him. Dur: vepegi-d]:
there is a show, movie
ex: T o 'o(<'e)vepegi. I hear there is going to be a show. 'E-'o-'o(<'e)vepegi. The show
is on. Ve takaj 'o 'o(<'e)vepegi. There is a show every day. Go:k domig ve:gaj 'o
 319

vepegi/ vepegi-na:daku

'o(<'e)vepegi. There is a show every two weeks. Hek hu ves domig cum 'evepegihimc
hemu haha pi 'i(<'e)vepegi. There used to be a show every week but now there is not.
'I a(<va) 'i 'amje ves domig vo 'o(<'e)vepegid. From now on there will be a show every
week.

vepegi Vintr pls (for sgs see vegi) [Neutr: def vepegi. Interr: vepegi-him]: to become
red
ex: Si vepegi 'itk(<'atk) g to:tonaj. His knees are red (have gotten red). Baihim 'o kc
vepegihim g mans:na. The apples are getting progressively riper and redders.

vepegid Vtr plo (for sgo see vegid) [Neutr: def and hort vepegid]: to redden obj, to
paint obj red (same as vepegijid)

vepegid Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vegid) [Neutr: def and hort 'e-vepegid]: to paint
oneselves red (same as 'e-vepegijid)

vepegidaku see N vegidaku= flashlight

vepegijid Vtr plo (for sgo see vegejid) [Neutr: def vepegij; hort vepegijid]: to redden
obj, paint obj red (same as vepegid)
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)vepegij g dadaiku. I'll paint the chairs red.

vepegi-la:mba NComp: electric bulb

vepegim see Adv s-vegima= red

vepegimad Vreflex [Neutr: def and indef vepegimad]: to get an electric shock
ex: 'E-'et(<'at)-'evepegimad. He/they got an electric shock. vepegimad 'ant. I got an
electric shock. Hekid ab a(<va) dagap hemho va vepegimad. Every time I touch it
I get an electric shock.

vepegime Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vepegimme) sgs (for pls see 'e-
vepegiop) [Neutr: def 'e-vepegim; hort 'e-vepegime]: to go to a show, movie
ex: Nt o vepegim. I'll go to the show.

vepegimme Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-vepegime) sgs [Neutr: indef 'e-
vepegimme]: to go repeatedly to a show, movie
ex: Ves domig 'a vepegimme. I go to a show every week.

vepegi-na:daku NComp inalien [1st pers sg: -vepegi-na:daku; 3rd pers sg:
vepegi-na:dakua-j]: electric range
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vepegiop/ vepeg-pilka

vepegiop Vreflex pls (for sg see 'e-vepegime) [Neutr: def and hort 'e-vepegio]: to
go to a show, a movie
ex: Tt o tvepegio. We'll go to the show.

vepegi-pilsa NComp indiv [pl: vepegi-pipilsa]: electric blanket

vepegi-pla:ncaku NComp inalien: electric iron

vepegium see Adj s-vegium= pink

vepegium see Stat s-vegium= to be pink

vepegiumi Vintr pls (for sgs see vegiumi) [Neutr: def vepegiumi. Interr: vepegium[i]-
him]: to become pink
ex: ... k ha'i 'ab haha b(<vab) 'i vepegiumhi. ... and then some (fruit) had got
progressively pinker.

vepegi-vainom[] NComp alien indiv [sg (2nd pers sg m-vepegi-vainom=ga); pl:

vepegi-vapainom[]]: roll, piece, of electric wire

vepegi-vapkonaku NComp inalien aggreg: electric washing machine

vepegi-vaai NComp aggreg: a bush, tangleweed (red weed)

vepegi-vaaig s- StatComp: to be full of tangleweed

ex: Svepegi-vaaig 'ama'i. It is full of tangleweed over there

vepegi-vavaim NComp sg [pl: vepegi-vavpaim]: roll of electric wire, power line

ex: 'Atk 'an dahiva vepegi-vavaimt'an. It alighted on the power line (evidential).

vepegi-'u:s NComp indiv [pl: vepegi-'u'us]: electric pole

ex: 'Idam 'o (<vu) vepegi-'u'us 'an hab o 'evav g vepegi. These are electric poles for the
electric line to be stretched on.

vepeg see Adj s-veg= red

vepeg[] see Stat s-veg[]= to be red

vepeg-kaikam NComp aggreg: a variety of melon seeds (red seeded ones)

vepeg-pilka NComp alien aggreg [1st pers sg vepeg-pilka=ga; 3rd pers sg

vepeg-pilka=ga-j]: Sonora wheat (red wheat)
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vepem[a]jim/ vepva

vepem[a]jim see N ve:m[a]jim= companion

vepem[a]jim 'e-N sing [mult: 'e-ve'evemjim]: a couple of companions

vepem[a]jim vu 'e- Stat Expr sing [mult: 'e-ve'evemjim]: to be a couple of

companions
ex: Hegam 'o 'ob(<'ab) u 'evepemjim. They are companions. Hegam 'o (<vu)
'eve'evemjim. They are couples of companions.

vepemgel see N ve:mgel= brother, friend, partner

vepemgalig see N ve:mgalig= brother, friend, partner

vepencud Vtr plo (for sgo see ve:ncud) [Neutr: def vepenc; hort vepencud]: to match,
pair, graft, obj
ex: Nt o 'i havepenc hegam kakalssida. I'll pair these socks. B(<'ab) g 'i havepencud g
kakalssida! Pair the socks!

vepencud Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-ve:ncud) [Neutr: def 'e-vepenc]: to form
several pairs

vepnad Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-ve:n[a]d) sing [Neutr: indef 'e-vepnad]: to mix
with each other repeatedly, to form a couple repeatedly
ex: Hegam go:k 'o 'ob(<'ab) 'evepnad. Those two pair with each other each time.

vepnad Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-ve:n[a]d) [Neutr: def and hort 'e-vepnad. Interr:
'e-vepnada-him]: to form several couples
ex: Hemu 'ut(<'at) 'ab o 'o(<'e)vepnad. Soon they will form couples. B(<'ab) g o 'i
'i(<'e)vepnad. Get your respective partners (form couples). 'Evepnadahim 'o. They are
in the process of forming couples.

vepnad Vdtr Repet (for Unit see ve:n[a]d) [Neutr: indef vepnad]: to mix obj with
something repeatedly
ex: Nap vepnad g kavh: g vi:b? Do you put milk in your coffee (mix milk with coffee)
each time?

vepnag see N ve:nag= sibling

vepnag see Stat Expr vu ve:nag= to be somebody's sibling
vepnagba see N ve:nagba= deceased sibling

vepva Vintr Unit pls (for sgs see veva) [Neutr: def vepva]: to satisfy one's craving
for meat
ex: Vepva 'att. We are no longer craving meat.
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vepo/-vepoag

vepo Postp [distr: ve'eppo]: same as obj

ex: Tvepo kaidam eiok. They speak the same as we do. vepo 'o cu'ig. He is like
me. Mvepo 'o ha'asig. He is of the same build as you are. vepo ha'as cevaj. He is
as tall as I am. D(<vu) 'aptp o vepo ge'e hemajkamk kutp o s'apekad hega'i. If
you(sg) were as much of a grown up as I am, it would be all right. Nt o a(<va) hama:
'am ab 'i 'emvepo hugk 'am. I will give them the same amount as to you(pl). vepo 'o
ma:s. He looks like me. Tvepo 'o mams. They look like us. Hegvepo ma:s mo g
ha'icu vi:ghig. It looks like fluff (something downy). Vepo ma:s mo g ha'icu kai. It
looks like a seed. 'I:da'a sigal 'o vepo ma:s mo hega'i. This cigarette looks the same as
that one. No 'om(<'am) a(<va) 'evepo mams? Do they look alike? Hegam
'eveponkam 'evepo mams. Those siblings look alike. vepo 'o masma. He is like me.
Tvepo masma hab 'evua. They do the same as we do. 'Evepo ha'icu sma:c. They
have the same knowledge. 'Evepo haha'asij /'Eve'eppo ha'asij . They have the same
build. Pi 'evepo kaidam 'am hu hab o 'o(<'e)cei 'i:da'a. This (story) will not be said
(everywhere) in the same way (same as itself). Pi heba'i 'evepo ma:s 'i:da'a je:gida.
This story is never the same (looks like itself). 'Eve'eppo mams. They look like each
other. 'Eve'eppo ha'icu sma:c. They have the same knowledge.

vepo in vab gvepo m- ... / vab hegvepo m- ... Adv Expr: it is likely that, it
seems that
ex: B(<vab) gvepo mo 'ob(<'ab) him. It is likely that it is him coming. B hegvepo
matt hab masma vab spehegim o mua. It is likely that this is the easiest way for us to kill
her. B(<vab) gvepo matk v(<vo) va shoho'idacudad. It is probable that I will like
her (she will please me).

vepo-cu'igam NComp inalien aggreg [reflex: 'e-vepo-cu'igam; 3rd pers sg: vepo-
cu'igama-j]: one's kind
ex: M(<'am) g himk g 'evepo-cu'igam vo ho(<ha)ve:majk. Go and be with your own kind.
Pi 'i(<'a) hahoho'id g vepo-cu'igamaj. I don't like his kind.

vepoag Stat tr [sgs (Neutr: indef vepoag; def vepoag=k. Interr: vepoag-ka-him.
Dur: vepoag-ka-d); pls: ve'eppoag]: to be on a level with, as tall as, obj
ex: vepoag 'o. He is as tall as I am. ve'eppoag 'o. They are as tall as I am (as
me). 'U'us 'am cu:cc gn hu have'eppoag g ki:k. The trees stand as high as the tops of
the houses (way up they are even with the houses).

-vepoag Stat: to be like (something specified)

cucul-vepoag Stat Comp sgs: to be like a chicken (same as cuculag)
ex: a cucul-vepoag 'o hega'i. He is pretty much like a chicken (he goes to bed early).
sivulogi-vepoag Stat Comp sgs: to be like a whirlwind (same as sivulogiag)
ex: Heg 'o a sivulogi-vepoag. He is pretty much like a whirlwind.
'ali-vepoag Stat Comp sgs: to be like a child (same as 'aliag)
ex: a 'ali-vepoag hega'i. He is pretty much like a child.
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vepoag/ vepot

vepoag s-'e- Stat reflex: to be the same, level

ex: S'evepoag 'o g jevu. The ground is level. ... heghekaj mo 'om(<'am) a(<va) pi
'i(<'e)vepoag 'i:da'a ha'icu 'a:ga. ... because this story varies (is not the same as itself).

vepogid Vtr Unit (for Repet see ve'eppogid) [Neutr: def vepog; hort vepogid]: to
make obj alike, level, even
ex: Nt o 'i havepog. I'll make them alike. B(<'ab) g 'i vepogid! Could you make it even
(with something else)! B(<'ab) g 'i havepogid! Could you make them even! N(<'an)
g 'i vepogid g 'u:s! Could you make the tree (top) even! Kupt 'ea ab 'am 'i tvepogidk
ha'akia hanamkid. However, you paid them exactly the same amount as us (having
equalled us, you paid them a certain amount).

vepogid Vreflex tr Unit (for Repet see 'e-ve'eppogid; for Distr see 'e-ve'eppogid)
[Neutr: def 'e-vepog; hort and indef 'e-vepogid. Dur: 'e-vepogida-d. Interr: 'e-vepogida-
him]: to turn into, to act like, imitate, obj
ex: Heg 'at o 'o(<e)vepog kavyu hega'i. He will turn into a horse, that one. Heg 'ant o
vepog hu'u mo 'om(<'am) dadde huhuuka. I will turn into that star that sets every
evening. Heg 'ant o vepog ma u hohogimel. I will turn into what is called
(hearsay) a butterfly. ia c 'am hab haha cukvama 'evepog hega'i ma u ge'ecu.
Well, and then he turned into a black racer snake, the one who was (hearsay) the eldest.
Hadadgedam 'ant o vepog. I will imitate a wrestler. a:cu 'up(<'ap) cum
'evepogid? What are you(sg) trying to imitate? Juum 'a cum vepogid. I am trying
to imitate a bear. Mt o ha'icu 'u(<'e)vepogidad. Each one of you will be imitating
something.

vepogidaku N: leveler, plane (instrument to make something level)

vepogidas Stat: to be leveled out

ex: Vepogidas g jevu. The ground is leveled out.

veponkam 'e- N sing: a pair of siblings

ex: Hegam 'eveponkam 'evepo mams. Those siblings look alike.

veponkam vu 'e- Stat Expr sing: to be siblings to each other

ex: Ku 'am ha'i ki: vu a(<va) 'eveponkam cioj k 'uv ve:m. Some people lived there who
were siblings, a man and a woman (hearsay).

vepot Vtr Unit (for Repet see ve'eppot) [Neutr: def and hort vepot. Interr: vepota-
him]: to get even with, the same height as, obj
ex: ia'a, vepot 'at g do'ag g ku:bs. Look, the smoke is even with the mountain. Mat
hekid 'am ab o 'i cum vepot g ku:bs g do'ag, nt o hi:. As soon as the smoke gets about
even with the mountain, I'll go. Vepotahim 'o. It is getting even with it.
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vepot/ ves ha'icu

vepot Vreflex: to get level, even

ex: 'E-'et(<'at)-vepot. It is level.

veppcoag see N vecoag= slip, petticoat, underwear

veppege Vintr impers Distr (for Unit see vepege): to strike (lightning) in various
places
ex: Veppege 'o. It (lightning) is striking in several places.

vepscu see N vescu= all of one's possessions, clothes

vepstmm see N vestmn= dime

ves Mod subst: completely, all

ex: Ves 'i ce 'atk g ta. The sun is completely up. Ge ves o 'o(<'e)hai. It is going to
crack up completely. Cum 'alo ves 'i ce g ta. The sun is almost completely up. ... c
'ep hegam ves mat ka: 'i:da'a ... ... and all those who heard this ... ... c ves hegam mo
'om(<'am) kaiham ... ... and all those who listen to him ... Heg 'at ves o tvo:po'i g ha'icu
thug. He is going to take away from us all of our food. M(<'am) 'amt ves o 'i
havanckva g hemajkam. You(pl) will dominate all the people. 'Id 'o haba'ivckim 'i ge'ej
mo ves g a'i. This is the biggest of all the weeds. Heg 'at u o ho(<ha)vuikamk ves g
'a'alga. That will be for all my children.
va ves Adv Expr: exactly
ex: Heg 'ac a(<va) ves 'am hab 'elid. That is exactly what we have in mind. Heg 'a
a(<va) ves 'am cegtohim. That is exactly what l am thinking about.

vescu N alien aggreg [(1st pers sg -vescu=ga); distr: vepscu]: all of one's possessions,
clothing
ex: 'Am ab 'i ve:c g havescuga. All of their possessions were still lying there. Va:ugo
g 'evepscuga! Each one of you take off all of your (respective) clothes! Va:uga g
'evescuga! Take off all of your clothes!

vescu vu Stat Expr: to be all that one has

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) vescu. That is all I have.

ves haba'ic 'i Adv Expr: the most of all

ex: Ves haba'ic 'i sto. It is the hottest of all.

ves ha'icu NExpr: everything

ex: 'Am haha mehi ves ha'icu. Then he/they burned everything. No 'om(<'am) a(<va)
ves ha'icu s'ape? Is everything all right?
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vesig/ Vestmm-

vesig Adv subst: all of it

ex: Tp vesig 'am si mehi hegam hemajkam. The people had burnt all of it. Vesig 'am
'evahava. All of it came off.

vesig Stat: to be all here, completely here

ex: Vesig 'o. All of it is here. Pi vesig 'o. He is not all here (about someone who is
absent minded). Vesigkahim 'o. It was all there. a 'ap a(<va) pi vesig. You are not
quite completely here (you are a bit crazy).

vesij Quant (modifies the subject of the utterance): all of

ex: Vesij 'amt 'am o hihi. All of you will go there. ... mam vesij sma:c. ... as you all
know. Koko vesij. All of them are sick. Kut vesij 'ab o je:j. All of them will smoke it.
Kut vesij o va ei. All of them will see it/him. Kutt vesij 'ab o a(<va) hu: 'i:da'a
cu:kug. All of us will eat this meat.

vesij Stat: to be all here

ex: Vesij 'o. They are all here. Vesij 'ac. We are all here. --Vesijkahim 'o. They used to
be all there.

vesko Adv: all over the place

ex: Vesko melhim. He is running (driving) all over. Vesko 'oimme. He is walking
around all over the place. 'In 'at vesko vo 'i enaa 'i:da'a do'ag. He will inspect this
mountain all over. Hab masma hab cu'ig matp hega'i vesko jevu u:dagim vo himk o
hu:gio g ha'icu 'i doakam. It looks like he will go all over the earth and wipe out the
various kinds of animals. 'An 'at ge vesko 'oidk o 'i himhi hega'i k vesko enaa. He
will go all over the place and will inspect it all over.

veskoji Adv: from all over

ex: Veskoji 'i a(<va) dada. They came here from all over.

ves sisialmad Adv Expr: every morning

ves takaj Adv Expr: every day

ex: Ves takaj 'a nanamek. I meet him every day.

vestmm Num [distr: ve'evepstmm]: ten (all of our fingers)

ex: gokko vestmm= twenty (twice ten) vaikko vestmm= thirty (three times ten) --
Ve'evepstmm= in groups of ten.

vestmm N sg [pl: vepstmm]: dime

Vestmm-Cihaig NComp(?): The Ten Commandments

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vestmmho/ ve'eppogid

vestmmho Adv subst: ten times

ex: gokko vestmmho= twenty times (twice ten times)

vestmmpa Adv subst: in ten places

ves 'o:la 'e Adv Expr: every hour

vev[e]gim s- Adv: noisily, with a grinding noise

ex: Si svevgim me g ma:gina. The car runs with a grinding noise.

vevk/ vevak Num: [distr: ve'evk]: seven

ex: gamai vevk= seventeen gokko (vestmm) vevk= twenty-seven vaikko (vestmm)
vevk= thirty-seven vevkho (vestmm) vevk= seventy-seven --vevk siant = seven
hundred vevk siant vevk= seven hundred and seven vevk siant gamai vevk= seven
hundred and seventeen vevk siant vevkho vestmm= seven hundred and seventy
vevk siant vevkho (vestmm) vevk= seven hundred and seventy seven ve'evek= in
groups of seven

vevkho/ vevkko Adv: seven times

ex: vevkho vestmm= seventy (seven times ten) vevkho (vestmm) vevk= seventy
seven (seven times ten seven) gamai vevkho= seventeen times

vevkpa Adv: in seven places

vevku N inalien indiv [pl: vevpku]: sling

vevpku see N vevku= sling

ve'ebig see Postp ve:gaj= around, behind
ve'egaj see Postp ve:gaj= around, behind
ve'eppo see Postp vepo= same as
ve'eppoag see Stat tr vepoag= to be on a level with, as tall as

ve'eppoagc Postp reflex: on a level with each other, of even height

ex: 'Eve'eppoagc 'ab gegok. They are of even height (they stand on a level with each
other). Tve'eppoagc 'ab gegok. We are of even height.

ve'eppogid Vtr Repet (for Unit see vepogid): to make obj alike, level, even
ex: 'A cum have'eppogid. I am trying to make them even.

ve'eppogid Vreflex tr Repet (for Unit see 'e-vepogid): to turn into, imitate obj
ex: 'E-'etp(<'atp)-ve'eppogid g hahu'ul. She repeatedly acts like their grandmother.
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ve'eppogid/ ve:big

ve'eppogid Vreflex tr Distr (for Unit see 'e-vepogid) [Neutr: def ve'eppog; hort and
indef ve'eppogid]: to turn into, to liken (something) to oneself
ex: B(<'ab) g o 'i 'i(<'e)ve'eppogid! Each one of you try them (dresses) on for size (liken
yourselves to them)!

ve'eppot Vtr Repet (for Unit see vepot): to get even with, the same height as obj
ex: Mo hekid 'am ab 'i cum ve'eppot g ki: hegam 'u'us, 'an hahikkumi'ok. Every time
the trees get even with the house (top) I cut them.

ve'evec Stat Distr (for Unit see ve:c) [Neutr: indef ve'evec; def ve'evec=k. Interr:
ve'evec=ka-him. Dur: ve'evec=ka-d]: to be lying in various places (used only with
inanimate entities as subjects)
ex: ... na:nko ma:s ha'icu 'i 'a'an matps 'an ve'evec 'an heg'oidc vo:g. ... all kinds of
feathers that were scattered along that road.

ve'evek see Adv vevk= seven

ve'evem see Postp ve:m= with

ve'evemaj Stat reflex Distr (for Unit see 'e-ve:maj): to be together in various places,
to form several groups
ex: M(<'am) 'at o 'o(<'e)ve'evemajk. They will form several groups.

ve'evemjim see N 'e-vepemjim= a couple of companions

ve'evemjim see Stat Expr vu 'e-vepemjim= to be a couple of companions
ve'evem-ki:kam see NComp ve:m-ki:kam= spouse, companion, family

ve'evem-ki:kam Stat Comp Distr (for Unit see ve:m-ki:kam): to have a spouse,
companion, family
ex: Nam ge ve'evem-ki:kam? Does each one of you have a companion?

ve'evemtk see Postp ve:mtk= in a group

ve'evem-eiokku see NComp ve:m-ioku= telephone
ve'evenadk see Postp ve:nadk= together with, mixed with

ve:-

ve:big see Postp ve:gaj

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ve:c/ ve:c[i]d

ve:c Stat Unit (for Distr see ve'evec) pls (for sgs see ka:c) [Neutr: indef ve:c; def
ve:c=k. Dur: ve:c=ka-d. Interr: ve:c=ka-him]: to be lying somewhere (used only with
inanimate entities as subjects)
ex: a:cu 'om(<'am) ve:c mvaa 'ea? What is in your suitcase? Ba: 'o ve:c g nu:k?
Where are my shoes? Ba: 'o ve:c g kakami? Where are my shirts? Ba: 'o ve:c g
tatpial? Where are the papers? Mi:sa da:m 'o ve:c g 'o'ohon. The books are on the
table. N(<'an) 'o ve:c g pa:n. The pieces of bread are there. 'Am 'o ve:c g mu'i lial.
There is a lot of money lying there. ... c 'im g 'o'oidag 'ep ve:c 'i:ma'a kc 'am 'ep
'ecikpan. ... and also where the fields are, there is work.-- ... kant:na mo g vi:u 'im ve:c.
... a bar in which there is whiskey. N(<'an) 'ant hu bei mo g hekkam 'an ve:c. I got it at
the second-hand store (where the second-hand things are).

ve:c s- Adj sg [pl: s-vepc]: heavy

ex: Matp pi vu 'al ve:c ha'icu. It was as if it had not been quite a heavy thing.

ve:c s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-ve:c; def s-ve:c=k. Interr: s-ve:c=ka-him. Dur: s-
ve:c=ka-d); pls: s-vepc]: to be heavy
ex: Sve:c 'a. I am heavy. --Pi 'i(<'a) ve:c. I am not heavy. Svepc 'o. They are heavy.
Sve:c g hodai. The stone is heavy. 'I behidk hega'i hodai mo sve:c! Bring me that
stone which is heavy! Matt ha'icu pi 'u:gk o 'i bei k heg sve:c. When we cannot lift
something, that thing is heavy.

ve:ccu s- subst N sg [pl: svepccu]: heavy one (same as s-ve:cim)

ve:ccu vu s- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-vepccu]: to be a heavy one (same as vu

s-ve:cim)
ex: 'A:i 'a u si sve:ccu. I am a very heavy one.

ve:cdag N inalien [sg (1st pers sg -ve:cdag; 3rd pers sg ve:cda-j); distr: vepcdag]:
weight

ve:cdaku (elis of *ve:cidaku): weight used on a harrow (something used to weigh

something down)

ve:ci Vintr sgs (for pls see vepci) [Neutr: def ve:ci. Correl: ve:ci-k. Compl: ve:ci-ok;
immed: ve:ci-oka-'i. Interr: ve:ci-him.]: to become heavy
ex: Ve:ci 'intk(<'antk). I have gotten heavy. 'I:da'a 'o'odham 'atk ve:ci. This man has
gotten heavy. Vat o ve:ci. It/he will get heavy. Pi g 'am ve:ci! Don't get heavy!
Ve:cihim 'o. It/he is getting heavier. T o 'ip ve:cioka'i. Let it/him get heavy first.

ve:c[i]d Vtr sgo (for plo see vepcid) [Neutr: def and hort ve:cid; imp sgs ve:cda-]: to
weigh obj down (same as ve:c[i]jid)
ex: Nt o ve:cid. I'll weigh it down. Pi g 'am ve:cid! Don't weigh it down!
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ve:cij/ ve:m

ve:cij see Vtr ve:c[i]jid= to weigh obj down

ve:c[i]jid Vtr sgo (for plo see vepc[i]jid) [Neutr: def ve:cij; hort ve:cjid]: to weigh obj
down (same as ve:c[i]d)

ve:cim s- N subst sg [pl: s-vepcim]: heavy one (same as s-vecccu)

ve:cim vu s- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu svepcim]: to be one with a heavy weight (same as
vu s-ve:ccu)
ex: 'A:i 'a u si sve:cim. I am a very heavy one.

ve:gaj/ ve:bij Postp [distr: ve'egaj/ ve'ebig]: around/ behind obj

ex: 'An haha ha'a:gid g 'o'odham 'an 'eve:gaj. Then he tells the people around him. Vaik
dadaiku 'an cu:c gn hu mi:sa ve:gaj. There are four chairs standing around the table over
there. Kut g tonolgaj 'an si ton have:gaj. Its light shone brightly around them. 'I bij 'an
ki: ve:gaj. He circled around the house. B(<hab) 'atp kaij g hemajkam 'in ' i 'eve:gaj k
'oia 'in g hemajkam 'an 'i have:gaj matp 'am ki:. That might be what the people said
among each other, and then among the people who lived there (in the immediate
vicinity). Saaig 'an haki:k ve'egaj. There is a lot of trash around each one of their
houses. 'Im 'ac ki: 'idve:gaj 'i:da'a do'ag. We live behind this mountain. 'In ab bebbhe
'im hu 'eve:gaj. He keeps pushing him behind himself. 'Am hu a(<va) vo'o ve:gaj g ki:.
It is indeed (lying) behind the house.--'Atp he'esko 'i 'im hab 'i vo'o ve:gaj Some
distance away on the other side of the charco
go:k domig ve:gaj: every two weeks
go:k 'o:la ve:gaj: every two hours
gi'ik ta ve:gaj: every four days

ve:m Postp [distr: ve'evem]: with obj

ex: P hascu 'a:gc pi iok 'o'odhamaj ve:m? Why don't you speak 'O'odham with me?
Nap tacu mapt o a(<va) cikp tve:m? Do you like working with us? 'A gm hu
'oimmelihim Santa Rosat'am, 'am cikpanahim hegve:m. While I was in Santa Rosa, I
worked with him. Kut have:m haha va hi:. Then he left with them. B(<hab) g ce:'i
ve:m! Say it with me! Vat o 'eve:m ce'ecevda. They will grow together (with each
other). Kunt hea'i ve:m 'i o ki:dagk 'i:ya'a? With whom will I live here? G 'a hu ki:
Sisters have:m. I live over there with the Sisters. 'o:g ve:m 'a ki:. I live with my
father. C hab s'ap o 'eve:m ki:kad. And thus they will live in harmony (well) with each
other. 'ea 'im hu heba'i hema ki: g 'oks k 'eka:kama have:m. It is said that once
upon a time somewhere there lived an old woman with her grandchildren. Jiva 'at k 'uv
ve:m. He came with (and with) a woman. Hega'i ck 'e'uviga ve:m. Him together with
(and with) his sister. cioj 'uv ve:m= a young man and a young woman.--... matp 'am
'ecicvi gve:m 'eba:b. ... that they will play against each other, him and his grandfather.
S'ap o 'eve'evem ki:kkad. They will live in harmony (well) with each other (in various
places). Mu'i 'eve'evem o cickp. You will work together in many groups.
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ve:maj/ ve:maj ki:kam

ve:maj Adv: together; Prep: together with obj

ex: ia 'am 'atp haha ve:maj hu: vaha va'a. Well, then they ate it together. Kunt 'am o
ve:maj io. He and I will talk together. ... matpk 'ida jiva, si she:kig ha'icu ve:maj jiva.
... since you came, you and happiness came together. 'Am ve:maj 'edadge g Ban hega'i
Tova. Coyote and Turkey wrestle together. 'Am ve:maj 'eceggia'a. They are fighting
with each other. Heg 'o ve:maj 'ecicvi. They are playing against each other 'Atp 'am
haha hihi ve:maj, 'am hihi ve:maj hega'i 'uv. Then, they went there together, he and that
woman went there together. ... k o dahaiva 'ab gegusidakut'ab ve:maj g Abraham c
Isaac c 'ep Jacob. And they will sit down together at the table, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
... c 'ep ki:kahim ve:maj g 'ekun vevk 'ahidag 'ab. ... and she and her husband lived
together for seven years. Pi 'i(<'a) hoho'id mant o ve:maj cikp hega'i. I don't like to
work with him. Do:p ve:maj ki:? With whom do you live? ... k 'an ho:ntk 'an ve:maj
ki: heg'ab do'ag. ... and he married her and they lived together on that mountain. Vo bek
o ve:maj ki:dagk! Get her and live together with her!

ve:maj Stat tr [Neutr: indef ve:maj; concurs ve:maj-c; def ve:maj=k. Interr: ve:maj=ka-
him. Dur: ve:maj=ka-d]: to be/ go with obj; to help obj
ex: Heg 'o ve:maj. He is with me. ... k hab 'e'a:g mo 'om(<'am) a(<va) have:maj g
hemajkam. ... and he/they thought that he was with the people. --T o m'amc 'ab g'amje
hega'i ma mve:maj. He will find out from that that I am with you. Pt o ve:majk. You
will be with me. Pt o tve:majk. You will be with us. Vo ve:majkad, tt o hihi. Let us
go together you and me (you will be with me, we'll go). ia 'atp g Ban 'am hab 'ep
have:majc heg 'am 'al 'i ha cum 'alo gevc heg 'am 'al da'ivu. Well, Coyote, who was also
with them there, was almost trapped and had a narrow escape. Nt o a(<va) 'i mve:majk.
I'll help you. No 'om(<'am) hema 'i mve:maj? Is somebody helping you?

ve:maj Stat reflex Unit (for Distr see 'e-ve'evemaj): to be together in one location, to
form a group
ex: Tt o tve:majk. We will be together.

ve:m[a]jim N inalien aggreg [distr: vepem[a]jim]: companion (somebody who lives

with somebody else; same as ve:mkam)
ex: ... k gm hu 'i ha'oi g 'eve:mjim. ... and he rejoined his companions over there.

ve:m[a]jim vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's companion

ex: Kupt u o ve:mjimk. You will be my companion.

ve:maj ki:kam N Expr: companion (one who one lives with)

ex: Tako 'ant ve:maj io g ve:maj ki:kam g ma:kai. Yesterday I talked with the
companion of the doctor.-- ... nat pi u hega'i ve:maj ki:kam. ... because she was his
companion.
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ve:maj ki:tamt/ ve:m-ki:kam

ve:maj ki:tamt VExpr: to become a companion

ex: Vo hema habei hegam 'u'uv k o hema have:maj ki:kamt! Get one of those women
and make one of them your wife!

ve:maj ki:kam 'uv NExpr: wife

ex:... hega'i 'an 'ep ko:m ve:maj ki:kam 'uv. ... she also embrassed his wife.

ve:mgalig N inalien indiv [pl: vepemgalig]: brother, friend, partner (term used by
people belonging to the same moiety; same as ve:mgel)

ve:mgel/ ve:mgal N inalien indiv [sg(1st pers sg: -ve:mgel); pl: vepemgel]: brother,
friend, partner (term used by people belonging to the same moiety, same as ve:mgalig)
ex: Ban ve:mgel. Coyote, my partner.

ve:mgel/ ve:mgal vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's brother, friend, partner

ex: Ban 'o (<vu) ve:mgel. Coyote is my partner.

ve:mkam N inalien aggreg: companion (somebody living with somebody; same as

ve:m[a]jim)

ve:mkam vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's companion

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) ve:mkam. He is my companion.

ve:m-ki:kam NComp inalien aggreg [(reflex: 'e-ve:m-ki:kam); distr: ve'evem-ki:kam]:

companion, family
ex: G hu jiva vui hega'i 'eve:m-ki:kam. He went to his wife. Pi ha'icu lial 'evia 'am
haveheji hegam 'eve:m-ki:kam. There is no money left for their family. B(<'ab) o 'i
ha'u:'uk g 'eve'evem-ki:kam! Each one of you will bring your respective companions!

ve:m-ki:kam vu Stat Comp: to be a spouse, companion

ex:... 'ea 'o (<vu) tve:m-ki:kam. ... since he lives with us. Kut u o mve:m-
ki:kamk. She will live with you (be your spouse). Kupt u o ve:m-ki:kamk. You will
live with me (be my spouse).

ve:m-ki:kam Stat Expr Unit (for Distr see ve'evem-ki:kam) [Neutr: indef ve:m-
ki:kam; def ve:m-ki:kam=k. Interr: ve:m-ki:kam=ka-him. Dur: ve:m-ki:kam=ka-d]: to
have a spouse, companion, family
ex: Nap ge ve:m-ki:kam? Do you have acompanion/family? Heu'u, ge 'e(<'a) ve:m-
ki:kam. Yes, I have acomanion/family. Cum 'a ge ve:m- ki:kamkahim. I used to
have a companion/family.
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ve:m-ki:kamt/ ve:mtk

ve:m-ki:kamt VComp tr: to become somebody's companion

ve:m-ki:kamt VComp reflex: to become each other's companion

ve:m-ki:kam 'uv NExpr: wife

ex:... hegam vi:piop matp 'am dada ama'i havui hegam 'eve:m-ki:kam 'u'uv. ... those boys
who went to their (own) wives

ve:m-iokku NComp inalien indiv (sg (3rd pers sg ve:m-iokkua-j); pl: ve:m-
eiokku; distr: ve'evem-eiokku): telephone
ex: 'I 'at o hema 'a(<'e)dai g ve:m-iokku ki: 'e. I hear a telephone set is going to be
put in my house. Ve:m-iokku 'atk 'epac. The telephone is out of order.

ve:mt Vtr Unit (for Repet see vehemmat) [Neutr: def, hort and indef ve:mt. Correl:
ve:mt-k; immed: ve:mt-ka-'i. Compl: ve:mt-ok; immed: ve:mt-oka-'i. Dur: ve:mta-d.
Interr: ve:mta-him] ; without 'i: to join, pair with obj; with 'i: to help obj
ex: Ha'i 'i ma:k g valaloku, nt o 'emve:mt. Give me some cards, I'll join you(pl). Nt o
a(<va) 'i mve:mt. I'll help you. M(<'am) 'ant o a(<va) 'i mve:mt 'idhekaj. I'll help you
with this. Kut hi vo 'i tve:mt 'ab g'amje 'i:da'a. He will help us about this. No
'om(<'am) hema 'i mve:mt? Is somebody helping you? M(<'am) 'ant o a(<va) 'i
mve:mtad. I'll be helping you. No 'om(<'am) hema mve:mtahim? Has someone been
helping you? Pt o 'ip ve:mtok! First, you help me (for a while)! 'Am o 'i tve:mtk
'ab tve:m o she:kigk. Having helped us, be happy with us.

ve:mt Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vehemmat) [Neutr: def, hort and indef 'e-ve:mt]:
to join, pair with each other (used without 'i)
ex: B(<'ab) g o 'o(<'e)ve:mt! Pair with each other!
hejel 'i 'e-ve:mt VExpr reflex: to help oneself
ex: Kut 'ab haha hejel o 'i 'i(<'e)ve:mt. Then, he/they will manage by himself/
themselves. M(<'am) 'ant ab o hejel 'i ve:mt. I'll just help myself.
M(<'am) g hejel 'i 'i(<'e)ve:mt! Help yourself! M(<'am) g hejel 'i 'i(<'e)ve:mt! Help
yourselves!
'a'ai 'i 'e-ve:mt VExpr reflex Unit (for Repet see 'a'ai 'i 'e-vehemmat): to help each
other

ve:mtadag N: help
ex: Nap tacu g ve:mtadag? Do you need help?

ve:mtk Postp [distr: ve'evemtk]: in a group

ex: 'Eve:mtk o cikp! Work in a group! Mu'i 'eve'evemtk cickp! Work in separate
groups!
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ve:n[a]d/ ve:nc

ve:n[a]d Vdtr Unit (for Repet see vepnad) [Neutr: def and hort ve:nad. Correl:
ve:nad-k; immed: ve:nad-ka-'i. Interr: ve:nda-him.]: to mix obj with something
ex: Kavh: 'ant ve:nad g vi:b. I put milk in my coffee (I mixed coffee with milk). Pi g
'am ve:nad g kavh: g vi:b! Don't put milk in your coffee (don't mix coffee with milk)!
M(<'am) g ab 'i ve:ndahid! Keep on mixing it with it (in batches)!

ve:n[a]d Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vepnad) sing (for mult see 'e-vepnad)
[Neutr: def and hort 'e-ve:nad. Correl: 'e-ve:nad-k; immed: 'e-ve:nad-ka-'i. Interr: 'e-
ve:nda-him]: to mix with each other, to form a couple
ex: 'E-g-o-'i-'i(<'e)ve:nad! Mix with each other! Sto:ta cevag kc scuck cevag
'eve:ndahim. The white clouds and the black clouds are in the process of mixing with
each other. 'Ab 'eve:nadk 'i hi:. They (two clouds) came having mixed with each other.

ve:nadk Postp [distr: ve'evenadk]: together with obj

ex: Nt o i: g kavh: ve:nadk g vi:b. I'll drink coffee with milk. 'At ce: g 'ali ve:nadk g
je'ej. He found both the child and his mother. M(<'am) 'at gve:nadk o ge:g hega'i lial
hema g 'alidaj. He will win from him both money and one of his children. Nt o mge:g g
lial m'alidag ve:nadk. I will win from you both money and your child. ... hegve:nadk
'ovick g viv. ... they roll up tobacco together with it.

ve:n[a]g N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg ve:nga-j); pl: vepnag]: sibling, cousin
cioj ve:nag NExpr inalien indiv [sg( 1st pers sg: cioj ve:nag); pl: cecioj vepnag; 1st
pers sg: cecioj vepnag]: brother
'uv ve:nag NExpr inalien indiv [sg(1st pers sg: 'uv ve:nag); pl: 'u'uv vepnag; 1st
pers sg: 'u'uv vepnag ]: sister

ve:nag vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu vepnag]: to be somebody's sibling; to be a tie, bond,
between people
ex: Vu 'at o si ve:ngajk hega'i je:gida. It (tobacco) will create a strong bond between
the people assembled in a meeting (it will be its very bond of the meeting).

ve:nagaba N inalien indiv [pl: vepnagba]: deceased sibling

ve:nag[] Stat tr [Neutr: indef ve:nag; def ve:nag=k. Interr: ve:nag=ka-him. Dur:
ve:nag=ka-d]: to go together with obj
ex: No 'id 'ab ve:nag 'i:da'a? Does this go with this?

ve:nag[] Stat reflex: to go together

ex: No 'i:da'a kc hega'i 'ab 'eve:nag? Do this and that go together? Nat 'i:da'a kc hega'i
'ab o 'o(<'e)ve:nagk? Will this and that go together?

ve:nc see Vtr ve:ncud= to match, pair, graft obj

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ve:nc/ via

ve:nc see Vreflex 'e-ve:ncud= to form a pair

ve:ncud Vtr sgo (for plo see vepencud) [Neutr: def ve:nc; hort ve:ncud]: to match,
pair, graft, obj
ex: Nt o 'i ve:nc 'i:da'a kals:da. I'll match this sock.

ve:ncud Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-vepencud) [Neutr: def 'e-ve:nc]: to form a pair
ex: 'Eve:nc. They form a pair.

ve:peg Adv: first

ex: Heg 'at si ve:peg jiva. He was the very first one to come. M(<'am) 'at si ve:peg bei g
cioj 'ema. The very first time, she gave birth to a baby boy.

ve:peg Stat: to be the first

ex: Heg 'at o ve:pegk. He will be the first.

ve:pegkam vu Stat: to be the first time

ex: D(<vu) 'o si ve:pegkam mat 'i a(<va) jiva. It was the first time he came here.
D(<vu) 'o si ve:pegkam ma meid. It is the first time I see you. D(<vu) 'o si
ve:pegkamaj mat 'i a(<va) jiva. It was the (his) first time he came here. D(<vu) 'o si
ve:pegkam mant melc g ma:gina. It was the first time I drove a car. D(<vu) 'at o si
ve:pegkamk mant o melc g ma:gina. It will be the first time that I drive a car.

ve:peg ma:sikam subst NExpr: the first born

vi-

via see Vtr vi'a= to leave obj

via see Vreflex 'e-vi'a-= to be left

via s- Vtr Unit (for Distr see s-vippia) sgo (for plo see s-vipia) [Neutr: def and indef
s-via; hort s-via[-'i]]: to ruin/ wreck obj
ex: Nt o svia. I'll ruin it. Cum 'a hekid svia g naliv. I always ruin my pants. Pi g 'am
svia['i] g 'ealiv! Don't ruin your pants!

via s- Vreflex sgs (for pls see s-'e-vipia) [Neutr: def s-'e-via. Interr: s-'e-vi:-him]: to get
ruined, worn out, to break down
ex: S'e-'et(<'at)-via g naliv. My pants got ruined. S'e-'et(<'at)-via g ma:gina. My car
broke down. S'e-'o-vi:him g naliv. My pants are beginning to get ruined.
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viak/ viha

viak s- Adv: finely, powder-like (same as s-viakam)

ex: ... vo ho(<ha)ovi sviak. ... (she) will pound them (pieces of meat) into fine powder
(finely).

viakam s- Adv: finely, powder-like (same as s-viak)

viakam (elis of *vihakam) N subst sg [pl: vi:piakam]: one with a penis

ex: ge'e viakam= one with a big penis

vialos/ vialnos (Span: viernes): Friday

viapo (elis of *vihapo) N inalien: pubic hair

viapo'ogel/ viapo'oge'el N alien [sg(1st pers sg: -viapo'ogel=ga/

-viapo'oge'el=ga)]: boy

viapo'ogelga/ viapo'oge'elga Stat: to have a boy

viappoi N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -viappoi=ga); pl: vi:piop]: boy

viappoiga Stat sing [mult: vi:piopga]: to have a boy

viu see Vtr viut= to rock, swing

viu see Vreflex 'e-viut= to get rocked

viut Vtr [Neutr: def viu; indef and hort viut; imper sgs viuta-, pls viut-o. Correl:
viut-k; immed: viut-ka-'i. Interr: viuta-him. Dur: viuta-d]: to rock/ swing obj
ex: Kut 'ida 'ep 'e'ai ku 'i havappaid, 'i hab viut g kampa. Well now, it is also the time
when I usually call them (the people) in here, when I ring the bell. Nap viutahim g
'ema? Have you(sg) been rocking your baby? Nt o viutad g 'aliga. I'll be rocking my
child. Nt o 'i viutk o vu:. I'll swing it (the rope) and rope it.

viut Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-viu; indef 'e-viut]: to get rocked/ swayed
ex: Kut a(<va) voho hab 'eju: hega'i do'ag, 'am 'a'ai si 'i(<'e)viut hega'i do'ag. And
indeed this is what happened to that mountain, it got swayed to and fro by it, that
mountain.

viutaku N inalien: baby swing, hammock

viha N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers viha-j, viha-); pl/distr: vi:pia]: penis
ex: 'ab viha 'ab= on his penis
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vihava/ vihonagi

vihava Vtr Unit: to hit obj with one's penis

viho see Vtr vihot= to vomit obj

vihog N alien aggreg [(1st pers sg -vihog= ga)]: mesquite bean pod(s)
ex: Ha'i g novid g vihog! Pound me some mesquite beans!

vihogdag s- Stat Unit (for Distr see s-vippiogdag): to be full of mesquite beans in
one location
ex: Svihogdag g kui. The mesquite is full of beans.

vihogdag in ha'icu vihogdag NExpr aggreg: pods

bavi-vihogdag NComp alien aggreg: Tibary bean(s), pod(s)
ho'idkam-vihogdag NComp alien aggreg: ironwood bean(s), pod(s)
mu:-vihogdag NComp alien aggreg: bean pod (also used as a nickname)

vihogdaj N inalien aggreg: pods of a specified plant (its pods)

vihogga Stat: to have mesquite beans

vihog-kai NComp alien aggreg: mesquite bean seed(s)

vihogpig Vtr [Neutr: def vihogp; hort vihogpig]: to pluck mesquite beans off a
mesquite tree

vihogp see Vtr vihogpig: to pluck mesquite beans off a mesquite tree

vihogt Vintr: to bear beans

ex: Mo heba'i 'ab 'i 'a'ahek 'ab hiotc 'ab vihogt. Whenever it's the time of the year, they
(mesquite trees) bloom and bear beans.

vihol N alien aggreg [(1st pers sg vihol=ga); distr: vippiol]: peas

ce:dagi-vihol NComp aggreg: fresh peas
cehedagi-vihol NComp alien aggreg: dry green peas, split peas
to:ta-vihol NComp alien aggreg: white peas
s'iovi-vihol NComp alien aggreg: sweet peas
s'u'am-vihol NComp alien aggreg: dry yellow peas

viholga s- Stat Unit (for Distr see s-vippiolga): to have a lot of peas

vihonagi Vintr [Neutr: def vihonagi. Interr: vihonagi-him]: to become tangled

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vihonag/ vijinata

vihonag s- Stat [Neutr: indef s-vihonag; def s-vihonag=k]: to be tangled

ex: Mat hema g 'o'odham g mo'oj vo svihonagk, t o 'egasva. Whenever a person's hair is
tangled he combs it.

vihos N inalien mass (?) [(3rd pers sg vihosi-j); distr: vipios]: vomit
ex: Pt o 'om(<'am) 'ekei vihosij da:m. You will step on his vomit.

vihosc see Vdtr vihoscud= to make obj vomit something

vihoscud Vdtr sgo [Neutr: def vihosc; hort vihoscud. Interr: vihoscuda-him]: to make
obj vomit something
ex: Tk o vihosc. It/he is going to make me vomit it. Vihoscuda! Make him vomit it!
Matt ha'icu vo cum hu: mat pi vo kegajk t o tvihosc. When we eat something that is
not good, it makes us vomit (it).

vihosmad/ vihosmid Vtr [Neutr: def indef and hort vihosmad. Interr vihosmada-
him]: to throw up on obj (with 'ab 'ab)
ex: Vat o vihosmad 'ab 'ab. He is going to throw up on me. Pi g 'ab hu vihosmad
'ab 'ab! Don't throw up on me! vihosmad 'o 'ab 'ab. He is throwing up on me.
vihosmadahim 'ab 'ab. He has been throwing up on me.

vihot Vtr Unit (for Repet see vipiot) sgs (for pls see vipiot) [Neutr: def viho; indef
and hort vihot; imper vihota-. Correl: vihot-k; immed: vihot-ka-'i]: to vomit obj
ex: 'Am hab 'ea viho hegam huha. He vomited it (the saguaro fruit) in those baskets.
Vihotk ab 'ab 'i si u:ud hegam huha. Having vomited it, he filled up those baskets.

vij see Vtr vijin= to twist/ spin, obj

vijin Vtr Unit (for Repet see vipijin) [Neutr: def vij; hort vijin; imper sgs vijina-.
Correl: vijin-k; immed: vijin-ka-'i. Compl: vijin-ok; immed: vijin-oka-'i. Interr: vijina-
him. Dur: vijina-d]: to twist/ spin obj

vijina N inalien indiv [sg (loc: vijina-t-'ab; instr: vijina-kaj); pl: vipijina]: rope; thread
woven by a spider
ex: 'Ebeihim 'ab vijinat'ab c 'i huhim. He is going down holding himself to the rope.
Tokdho vavpan g 'evijina 'ab ki:t'ab. A spider stretches its thread on the wall.

vijinaku N inalien: rope twirler

vijinat Vtr: to make a rope out of obj

vijinata N: act of making a rope

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vijinata/ vinka

vijinata N inalien: rope being made or having just been made

vijint Vtr [Neutr: def indef and hort vijint; imper sgs viginta-. Interr: vijinta-him. Dur:
vijinta-d]: to spin obj
ex: Nap vijintahim? Have you been spinning (it)? Nt o vijintad. I will be spinning (it).

vijinta N: act of spinning

ex: Nap sma:c g vijinta? Do you know how to spin?

vijinta N inalien: spinning, material being spun or having just been spun

viji s- Adj sg [pl: s-vi'ipji]: wrinkled

viji s- Stat sgs [pls: s-vi'ipji]: to be wrinkled, creased

ex: Sviji 'o g kami. My shirt is wrinkled.

Viji-Keli NComp(?): a nickname (wrinkled-old-man)

Viji-Kuakam NComp(?): a nickname (one-with-a-wrinkled-forehead)

vijuaig N inalien indiv [pl: vipijuaig]: birthmark

viklaag N inalien: debt (same as vulpaag)

vilg:di (Span: albaricoque) N: apricot

vinda (Span: ventana) N indiv [pl: vipida; distr: vippinda]: window

vindaig Stat sing [mult: vipindaig]: there is a window

ex: Pi heba'i a 'i ha vindaig. There is not a single window (nowhere is there a window).

vink s- Adj sg [pl: s-vipink]: hard, firm, strong, tough

ex: Si svink 'u:s 'apt o ga:. Look for a strong stick.

vink s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef and def s-vink. Interr: s-vinka-him. Dur: s-vinka-d); pls: s-
vipink]: to be hard firm, strong, sturdy, tough
ex: B(<hab) 'o ma:s mo svink. It looks sturdy. Svink 'o g cu:kug. The meat is tough.
Ge tatkc svink. It is unusually firmly rooted. ... ha'icu mo (<vu) ab pi gevk
ha'icu, mo pi vink. ... something that is just not strong, that is not sturdy.

vinka Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see vipinka): to get hard, firm, strong, sturdy, tough
 339

vinkad/ vipi

vinkad Vtr sgo (for plo see vipinkad) [Neutr: def and hort vinkad]: to strengthen obj
(same as vinkaid or vinkajid)

vinkai see Vtr vinkaid= to strengthen obj

vinkaid Vtr sgo (for plo see vipinkaid) [Neutr: def vinkai; hort vinkaid]: to strengthen
obj (same as vinkad or vinkajid)

vinkaj see Vtr and dtr vinkajid= to strengthen obj; to strengthen obj for somebody

vinkajid Vtr and dtr sgo (for plo see vipinkajid) [Neutr: def vinkaj; hort vinkajid]: to
strengthen obj (same as vinkad or vinkaid); to strengthen obj for somebody
ex: Nt o 'i vinkaj 'i:da'a vijina. I will strengthen this rope.

vinkam s- Adv: sturdily, strongly

vinma s- Adv: sturdily, firmly

ex: Svinma has ju: hega'i ki:. He managed to make that house sturdy. Pi 'im(<'am) hu
'al 'i vinma hab ju:. He did not make it quite sturdy enough. Pi a 'i vinma ma:s. It does
not look sturdy at all.

vinoi N aggreg: staghorn cactus, buckhorn cholla

vinoig s- Stat Unit: to be full of staghorn cacti in one location

vi[h]um Vreflex [Neutr: hort 'e-vi[h]um Dur: 'e-vi[h]uma-d]: to lick one's lips
ex: 'I 'i(<'e)vium! Lick your lips! 'I 'i(<'e)viumad! Be licking your lips! Pi
'ipt(<'apt) o 'o(<'e)viumad! Don't be licking your lips!

vikon Vtr [Neutr: hort vikon Dur: vikonad; imper sgs vikonda-]: to lick obj
ex: Haiva shoho'id mat o vikonad g 'on. Cows like to lick off salt. 'I havikon g
'eno:nhai! Lick your fingers (hands)!

vikon Vreflex tr [Neutr: hort 'e-vikon. Dur: 'e-vikona-d]: to lick off obj on oneself
ex: N(<'an) g 'evikon! Lick it off! Pi g 'am 'evikonad! Don't be licking it off!

vikondam 'e- N: ice cream cone (something that is being licked off)

vipi Vintr Repet (for Unit see vi'i-): to stay, remain repeatedly
ex: Tp heg 'am o vipi hega'i matp u Sto:ta Hiosig Every time she stays there, the one
who was White Flowers
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vipi/ vipijig

vipi N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vipi-j); pl/distr: vippi]: bosom; nipple; udder

vipia N: hunting

vipia Vtr [Neutr: def and indef vipia]: to hunt

ex: Nap hejel vipia? Do you(sg) hunt by yourself? Nap have:m vipia? Do you(sg) hunt
with them? Vo ho(<ha)vipia g huav. They will hunt deerdeer. Pi 'egid g 'eel mas o
vipia 'an 'O'odham-Jevu da:m. He/they do not have a permit to hunt in the 'O'odham
Reservation.

vipia s- Vtr plo (for sgo see s-via) [Neutr: def and indef s-vipia]: to ruin, wreck obj
ex: Sha-'ant-vipia. I ruined them. Nt o shavipia. I'll ruin them.

vipia s- Vreflex pls (for sgs see s-'e-via) [Neutr: def s-'e-vipia. Interr: s-'e-vipia-him]:
to get ruined, worn out, to break down
ex: S'evipiahim g 'e'e'ega. Their clothes are getting worn out.

vipi[a]dag in ha'icu s-vipi[a]dag NExpr: worn out things (such as clothes)

vipiam see Vtr vipiame= to go hunting obj

vipiame Vtr Unit sgs (for pls see vipiayop) [Neutr: def vipiam; hort vipiame]: to
go hunting obj

vipiayop Vtr pls (for sgs see vipiame) [Neutr: def and hort vipiayo; indef vipiayop]:
to go hunting obj

vipidaku see N vi:daku= pestle, mano

vipidaku see Stat vi:daku= to have a pestle, mano

vipiut Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-vipiu; indef and hort 'e-vipiut. Correl: 'e-vipiut-k;
immed: 'e-vipiut-ka-'i. Interr: 'e-vipiuta-him. Dur: 'e-vipiuta-d]: to swing
ex: Nap 'evipiutahim? Have you(sg) been swinging?

vipiaku/vipiuku (contr of *vipiutaku) N inalien: swing

vipi gevpaku NExpr(?) inalien indiv [pl: vipi-gegevpaku]: brassiere

vipiji see N vi:ji= hairless, furless, featherless one

vipiji see Stat Expr vu vi:ji= to be a hairless, furless, featherless one
vipijig see Stat vi:jig= to be hairless, furless, featherless
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vipijin/ vipiot

vipijin Vtr Repet (for Unit see vijin): to twirl, twist obj repeatedly
ex: Heg 'am 'i vipijink hekaj 'ab gi:giaad. Having twirled it (the rope) with it he made a
bow string for each of them (he stringed each one of them).

vipijina see N vijina= rope

vipijina N: cobweb

vipijuaig see N vijuaig= birthmark

vipikol see N vi:kol= great-grandparent
vipikolba see N vi:kolba= deceased great-grandparent
vipinda see N vinda= window
vipindaig see Stat vindaig= there is a window
vipink see Adj s-vink= hard, firm, strong, tough
vipink see Stat s-vink= to be hard, sturdy, tough

vipinka Vintr pls (for sgs see vinka): to become hard, firm, strong, sturdy, tough

vipinkad Vtr plo (for sgo see vinkad) [Neutr: def and hort vipinkad]: to strengthen
obj (same as vipinkaid or vipinkajid)

vipinkaid Vtr plo (for sgo see vinkaid) [Neutr: def vipinkai; hort vipinkaid]: to
strengthen obj (same as vipinkad or vipinkajid)

vipinkajid Vtr and dtr plo (for sgo see vinkajid) [Neutr: def vipinkaj; hort
vipinkajid]: to strengthen obj (same as vipinkad or vipinkaid); to strengthen obj for smb

vipi[h]um Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vi[h]um) [Neutr: hort 'e-vipi[h]um. Dur: 'e-
vipi[h]uma-d]: to lick one's lips
ex: B(<'ab) g o 'i 'i(<'e)vipiumad! Be licking your lips! Pi 'imt(<'amt) o
'o(<'e)vipiumad. You will not be licking your lips.

vipios see N vihos= vomit

vipiot Vtr pls (for sgs see vihot) [Neutr: def vipio; indef and hort vipiot; imper vipiot-
o]: to vomit obj
ex: Vipiot 'o. They vomiting it.

vipiot Vtr Repet (for Unit see vihot) sgs: to vomit obj repeatedly
ex: Vipiotk ab 'ab 'i si u:ud hegam huha. Having vomited it (saguaro fruit) several
times, he filled up those baskets.
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vipismal/ vippinda

vipismal N aggreg: hummingbird

vipismal-ci NComp aggreg: a flower, Indian paint brush (hummingbird's beak)

vipismalig s- Stat imper sgs (for Distr see s-vippismalig): to be full of

hummingbirds in one location

vipi-si'idam NComp aggreg: a yellow flower which grows very close to the ground
(one(s) sucking breast continually)

vipi-si'idamag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of vipi-si'idam in one location

vipia see N vi:a= great-grandchild

vipia see N vi'ia= gully, little wash
vipiaig see Stat vi'iaig= there is a gull
vipiam see Stat Expr vu vi:am: to be one with a great-grandchild

vipiam 'e- N: a pair of great-grandparent and great-grandchild

vipiyyodi see N viy:di= acorn

vipnoi N aggreg: a type of cholla cacti

ce'ecem-vipnoi NComp aggreg: Christmas cholla (small vipnoi); Christmas cholla
bud
ge'ege-vipnoi NComp aggreg: pencil cholla (big vipnoi); pencil cholla bud

vipnoig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-vippnoig): to be full of vipnoi cholla cacti
in one location

vipnoi-to'olvadag NComp aggreg: fruit of the vipnoi cholla cactus

vipim see N vi:im= Vi:gida dancer and singer

vippi see N vipi= breast, udder

vippia s- Vtr Distr (for Unit see s-via) [Neutr: def s-vippia]: to ruin, wreck obj
ex: Sha-'at-vippia g 'e'e'ega. Each of them ruined his clothes.

vippinda see N vinda= window

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vippiogdag/ vivga

vippiogdag s- Stat Distr (for Unit see s-vihogdag): to be full of mesquite beans in
several locations
ex: Svippiogdag g kui. The mesquites are full of beans.

vippiolga s- Stat Distr (for Unit see s-viholga): to have a lot of peas in several
locations
ex: Svippiolga 'a g 'o'odham 'am Santa-Rosat'am. It is said that the people in Santa Rosa
have a lot of peas.

vippismalig s- Stat Distr (for Unit see s-vipismalig): to be full of hummingbirds in

several locations

vippnoig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-vipnoig): to be full of vipnoi cholla cacti
in several locations

vippsilo see N visilo= calf

vipsilo see N visilo= calf
vipag see N viag= hawk

visilo (Span: vacera) N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: -visilo=ga); pl: vipsilo; 1st pers sg:
-vipsilo=ga; distr reflex: 'e-vippsilo=ga]: vippsilo]: calf

viag (dial: visag) N indiv [pl:vipag]: hawk

viagcud Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-viagc; hort 'e-viagcud]: to turn into a hawk
ex: ia tp 'am hab haha eviagc. Well, then, he turned into a hawk.

viag-namkam(-'o'odham) NComp: hawk meeter (one with a hawk meeting him)

ex: 'Am hakokda hega'i viag-namkam-'o'odham. He killed them, that hawk meeter
fellow.

viv N alien mass [(3rd pers sg viv=ga-j); distr: vivp (dial: vipiv)]: tobacco
ex: ... k hab masma mamt 'i:da'a hejel 'evivpga 'ab o je:id. ... and thus each of you will
smoke your own tobacco.

viv s- Adv: of tobacco

ex: Sviv 'o 'u:v. It smells of tobacco.

vivag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of tobacco plant in one location

vivga Stat: to have tobacco

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viviku/ vi'i

viviku N inalien: bullroarer (used in the Vi:gida ceremony)

vivp see N viv= tobacco

viviba N inalien aggreg: ancestors (deceased great-great-grandparents; also called

kekeliba)

viy:di N inalien aggreg [3rd pers sg -viy:di); distr: vipiyyodi]: acorn

viy:di-ce'uime VComp Unit sgs [Neutr: def viy:di-ce'uim]: to go and pick acorn
(same as viy:di-ce'uname)

viy:di-ce'uname VComp Unit sgs [Neutr: def viy:di-ce'unam]: to go and pick

acorn (same as viy:di-ce'unime)

viy:dig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of acorns in one location

vi'a- Vtr [Neutr: def via; hort via-'a. Correl: vi'a-k; immed: vi'a-ka-'i]: to leave obj
ex: 'I 'ant o a(<va) 'i via. I will leave it here. Beka'i g mu: mant 'am o via. Take along
the beans which I will leave there. Pi g 'am hu ha'icu via'a! Don't leave anything there!
ia k 'am hab hemako vi'ak ... Well, having left one (rabbit) there ...

vi'a- V reflex [Neutr: def 'e-via]: to be left

ex: Pi ha'icu lial 'evia 'am haveheji hegam 'eve:m-ki:kam. No money was left for
his/their family (those living with him/them).

vi'akc Postp: leaving out, missing, excluding obj

ex: M(<'am) 'apt 'a:pi'i pi jevu vi'akc memeadc cum heba'i 'oimme ... You who, while
running without missing any land, have been all over ...

vi'i- Vintr Unit (for Repet see vipi) [Neutr: def vi:; hort vi:-'i; imp sgs vi'i-. Correl: vi'i-
k; immed: vi'i-ka-'i. Compl: vi'-ok; immed: vi'-oka-'i. Interr: vi'i-him]: to stay, remain
ex: Beka'i g mu: mat 'am o vi:. Take along the beans that will remain there. Kunt 'a:i
vo vi:. I will stay. Hetasp-pi: 'i 'al vi:. There are only five dollars left. ... g mhu'ul
mat heg 'am 'al vi:. ... your grandmother who was the only one left there. 'I g a(<va) 'i
vi:'i! Stay here! 'Am g a(<va) 'i vi:'i! Stay there! Mo hascu 'am 'i vi'ihim g ha'icu
hug k gm hu 'u(<'e)'iava. Whatever food is left, it is thrown away.

vi'i see Vdtr vi'id= to leave, save obj for somebody

 345

vi'ickva/ vi'idag

vi'ickva Vtr Unit [Neutr: def vi'ickva. Interr: vi'ickvi-him/vi'ickvu-him]: to blow obj off
the ground (said about the wind)
ex: (<ku) g hevel me cum hekid c cum heba'i vi'ickvihim 'i:da'a 'ali. The wind was
blowing (hearsay) all the time, blowing this child along with itself all over the place. ...
k cum mamce mat has o ju: 'i:da'a 'edaiku t(<kut) hab pi cum heba'i vab o vi'ickvihid.
... and then he tried to learn what to do with his seat so that it (the wind) would not be
blowing him along with itself (with interruptions) all over the place. (<ku) g'oidc 'an
vi'ickvihim. Meanwhile it (the wind) is blowing (hearsay) him along (with interruptions).

vi'ickvihim, vi'ickvuhim see Vtr vi'ickva= to blow off the ground

vi'iculig Vtr [Neutr: def vi'icul]: to blow obj away from sight (said about the wind)

vi'id Vdtr [Neutr: def vi'i; hort vi'id. Correl: vi'id-k; immed: vi'id-ka-'i. Compl: vi'id-ok;
immed: vi'id-oka-'i]: to leave/ save obj for somebody
ex: Ba:pt hab vi'i g tova-mo'o-hido? Where did you put the turkey head stew that you
saved for me? ... mat 'am o a(<va) ha vi'i g mcu:kug. ... (tell her) to save me some of
your flesh. B(<'ab) g ha vi'id g cu:kug! Leave me some of the meat! M(<'am) g
ha'icu vi'id! Could you leave me something! M(<'am) 'ant 'id o vi'idka'i g ma'i. I'll
save this for my nephew.

vi'idac see Vdtr vi'idacug= to bring/ carry obj saved for somebody

vi'idacug Vdtr [Neutr: def vi'idac; indef and hort vi'idacug]: to bring/ carry obj saved
for somebody
ex: Ma 'i a(<va) ha'icu mvi'idacug. I am bringing you something which I saved for you.

vi'idag in ha'icu vi'idag NExpr [distr: ha'icu vi:pi'idag]: remnant(s), leftovers

bi: vi'idag NExpr indiv [sg (3rd pers sg bi:-j vi'idag); pl/distr : bibi vi:pi'idag]: food left
over on one's plate
ex: M(<'am) g hu 'iava g bi:j vi'idag! Throw away the left-over food on his plate!
M(<'am) g hu 'iava g habibi vi:pi'idag! Throw away the left-over foods on their plates!
cu:kug-hido vi'idag NExpr mass: left-over meat stew
hihido vi:pi'idag NExpr aggreg: left-overs of different kinds of stews
lo:ba vi:pi'idag NExpr aggreg: pieces of left-over material of different kinds
mu:-hido vi'idag NExpr mass: left-over bean stew
sigal vi:pi'idag NExpr aggreg: cigarette butts of different kinds
'o'ovick-vi:pi'idag-to'aku NComp(?) inalien [pl: 'o'ovick-vi:pi'idag-to:ta'aku]:
ashtray (cigarette butts of various kinds container)

vi'idag in hejel-vi'idag NComp(?): someone left by himself (same as hejel-vi'ikam)

 346

vi'ihaig/ vi'is

vi'ihaig Stat: to be frosty

vi'ihaig maad NExpr: the month of November (frosty moon)

vi'ikam in hejel-vi'ikam NComp(?) indiv [pl: hejel-vi:pkam/-vi:pi'ikam]: orphan,

widow(er) (one left by himself)

vi'ikam in vu hejel-vi'ikam Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu hejel-vi:pi'ikam]: to be an

orphan (one left by himself)
ex: D(<vu) 'a hejel-vi'ikam. I am an orphan. No (<vu) hejel-vi'ikam? Is he an
orphan?

vi'ikam vu Stat Expr: to be one left, a remnant

ex: ... vu ge vi'ikamc 'am u:dag matsp 'in havi'in g 'o'odham hek hu. ... the water there
is the remnant of the water which is supposed to have washed away the people long ago

Vi'ikam-'O'odham NComp(?): the mythological people who were left behind when
they were trying to go to the other side of the earth through a hole in the ground

vi'in Vtr Unit (for Repet see vi'innak) [Neutr: def vi'in. Interr: vi'in-him]: to wash obj
away
ex: Tk o tvi'in. It (the water) is going to wash us away. S'e:bid g hemajkam mat o
ho(<ha)vi'in. The people are afraid that it (the water) will wash them away.

vi'indag N: flood

vi'innak Vtr Repet (for Unit see vi'in): to wash obj away repeatedly
ex: Hekid 'i jujkudc cum tvi'innak. Every time it rains, it (the water) almost washes us
away.

vi'innok- Vintr sgs (for pls see vi:pi'inok-) [Interr: vi'innok[i]-him]: to float
ex: Kui 'an 'o vi'innokhim. A tree is floating along.

vi'ipji see Adj s-viji= wrinkled

vi'ipji see Stat s-viji= to be wrinkled

vi'is Stat: to be left

ex: 'Am 'o ha'icu 'ep vi'is 'ep ma heg hab 'elid. I have one wish left (there is another
thing left which I wish). Pi 'o ha'i vi'is g mu:. There are not any beans left. Pi 'o
'am hu ha'icu vi'is g ha'icu hug. There is nothing left of the food. No 'om(<'am) ha'icu
vi'is 'am veheji? Is there anything left for me?
 347

vi'iskadma/ vi:bam

vi'iskadma s- V subst intr: to appear to have been left (same as s-vi'isma)

vi'isma s- V subst intr: to appear to have been left (same as s-vi'iskadma)

ex: (<ku) 'am hab a(<va) hema svi'isma. It appeared that there was one left (about a
woman giving birth to the second of a pair of twins).

vi'iaig Stat impers Unit sing [mult: vipiaig]: there is a gully in one location
ex: 'An 'o vi'iaig. There is a gully there. 'An 'o vipiaig. There are gullies there.

vi'ia N indiv [pl: vipia): gully, little wash

vi'oka'i see Vintr vi'i-= to stay, remain

vi'um Vtr [Neutr: Correl: vi'um-k]: to blow obj (said about the wind)
ex: Kut a(<va) g hevel mek g jevu vi'umk 'ab vuhio ha'as vua. The wind having
blown and having blown dust accumulated it on my face.

vi:-

vi: see Vintr vi'i-= to stay, remain

vi: s- Mod: fine, finely (same as s-vi:ma)

ex: ..mat 'am hebi (<heba'i) o svi: 'akigk. ..where there will be a wash with fine sand.

vi:b N inalien mass [3rd pers sg vi:ba-j]: milk (of a cow or a woman)

vi:b N alien mass [3rd pers sg vi:b=ga-j]: milk (that you buy at te store)

vi:b Stat: to have, give, milk

vi:bag s- Stat: to be full of milk, milky sap

vi:bam N subst: one with milk

vi:bam s- N subst: one with a lot of milk

Svi:bam-'Oks NComp(?): a nickname (the-woman-with-a-lot-of-milk)

vi:bam N aggreg: milk weed vine

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g vi:bam. I see a few milkweed vines.
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vi:bam/ vi:him

vi:bam N indiv alien [distr: vi:pbam]: sap of the milkweed vine (used as chewing gum)
ex: Vi:bam 'a ki'iva. I am chewing gum. 'Evi:pbamga 'i havap'u. Each one of them
keeps pulling at his chewing gum.

vi:bamag s- Stat Unit: to be full of milkweed vines in one location

vi:bamga Stat: to have milkweed gum (used as chewing gum)

vi:bga Stat: to have/ own milk

vi:daku N inalien indiv [pl: vipidaku]: pestle, mano, flat stone used forgrinding

vi:daku Stat sing [mult: vipidaku]: to have a pestle, mano

vi:dakucud Vdtr sing [Neutr: def viidakucud]: to make a pestle/ mano out of obj for
somebody

vi:dakut Vtr sing: to make a pestle/ mano out of obj

vi:gam Adv (?): fine, finely (same as s-vi: and s-vi:ma)

Vi:gida N: name of the harvest festival held every four years, during which down
(ha'icu vi:g) is used for ceremonial purposes

vi:gidaj N inalien: down of a specified nature (its down)

vi:gig in ha'icu vi:gig NExpr mass: fluff, substance like down

ex: Hegvepo ma:s mo g ha'icu vi:gig. It looks like fluff.
'u'uvhig-vi:gig NComp mass: substance like bird down
ex: 'U'uvhig-vi:gig vepo ma:s. It looks like bird down.

vi:g in ha'icu vi:g NExpr mass: down

ba'ag-vi:g NComp mass: eagle down
'u'uvhig-vi:g NComp mass: bird down

vi:g in ha'icu vi:g Stat Expr: to be some kind of down

ex: Hascu 'utp(<'atp) u vi:g. It's some kind of down.
ba'ag-vi:g vu Stat Expr: to be eagle down

vi:him see Vreflex s-'e-via= to get ruined, to break down

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vi:ji/ vi:

vi:ji N sg [pl: vipiji]: hairless, furless, featherless one (said about an animal that is losing
its fur or feathers)
ex: hega'i vi:ji= that hailess one

vi:ji vu Stat Expr: sgs [pls: vu vipiji]: to be a hairless one

ex: gogs 'o (<u) vi:ji. My dogs is hairless (a hairless one)

vi:jig Stat sgs [pls: vipijig]: to be hairless. furless, featherless

ex: 'I:da'a gogs 'o ge vi:jig. This dog is (unexpectedly) hairless.-- gogs 'o vi:jig. My dog
is hairless.

vi:jit V reflex sgs: to lose one's hair, fur, feather

ex: B(<vab) o 'o(<'e)vi:jit. Its hair (of the dog) is going to come off

vi:kol N inalien indiv [sg: (3rd pers sg vi:koli-); pl/distr: vipikol]: great-grandparent
(term used by a person to refer to and/or address any one of his great-grandparents; the
reciprocal term is vi:a)

vi:kolba N inalien indiv [pl/distr: vipikolba]: deceased great-grandparent

vi:kolim vu Stat Expr sing: to have a great-grandparent, to be one with a great-

gandparent
ex: D(<vu) 'a vi:kolim. I have a great-grandparent.

vi:ma s-Adv: fine, finely (same as s-vi:)

ex: ..mat 'am hebi(<heba'i) o svi:ma 'akigk. ..where there is a wash with fine sand (a fine
sand wash).

vi:nda- see Vtr vi:= to suck obj

vi:ndam (assim *vi:[i]dam) N subst: one(s) who suck(s) something continually

'U'us-Vi:ndam NComp aggreg: nickname of the 'O'odham of San Xavier (ones
sucking sticks continually; they are said to spend their time in town doing nothing
except for sucking toothpicks; see also 'U'us-Vi:im)

vi: Vtr [Neutr: def vi:p; hort vi:pin; imper sgs vi:pina-; indef vi:. Dur: vi:id; imper
sgs vi:nda-]: to suck/ lick obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)vi:p g vihog. I will suck mesquite beans. 'I vi:pin! Suck it! Cum 'o
hekid vi: g 'enov. He sucks his fingers (hand) all the time. Pi g 'am vi:id g 'enov!
Don't be sucking your finger (hand)!
 350

vi:im/ vi:p

vi:im N: north
ex: vi:im vui= toward the north (motion) vi:im ta:gio= toward the north (no motion)

vi:im N indiv [pl: vipiim]: Vi:gida dancer and singer

vi:im in 'U'us-Vi:im NComp(?) aggreg: nickname of the 'O'odham of San Xavier

(they are said to spend their time in town doing nothing except for sucking toothpicks)

vi:im-vuhioa NComp alien [3rd pers sg vi:im-vuhioa=ga-j]: Vi:gida mask (mask

of a Vi:gida dancer and singer)

vi:u/ vi:no (Span: vino) N mass: whiskey

ex: Heg 'am ke:c hega'i mac hab 'a'aga g kant:na mo g vi:u 'am 'egaga. He owns what
we call a bar (a place where whiskey is sold).

vi:p see Vtr vi:= to suck obj

vi:pbam see N vi:bam= milkweed chewing gum
vi:pia see N viha= penis
vi:piakam see N viakam= one with a penis

vi:p[i]d/ vi:p[i]do N inalien [3rd pers sg vi:pda-j]: testicles

vi:pid/ vi:p[i]do Stat: to have testicles

vi:p[i]dopig Vtr [Neutr: def vi:p[i]dop; hort vi:p[i]dopig]: to castrate obj

vi:p[i]dop see Vtr vi:p[i]dopig= to castrate obj

vi:pim see Vtr vi:= to suck obj
vi:piop see N viappoi= boy
vi:piopga see Stat viappoiga= to have a boy
vi:pi'idag see N vi'idag= remnant of
vi:pi'ikam see NExpr hejel vi'ikam= orphan

vi:pi'inok- Vintr pls (for sgs see vi'innok-) [Interr: vi:pi'inok[i]-him]: to float
ex: Kukui 'an 'o vi:pi'inokhim. Trees are floating along (with interruptions).

vi:pkam see NExpr hejel vi'ikam= orphan

vi:p (dial: vi:pum) N aggreg: wasp, hornet

ex: Smu'ij g vi:p. There are lots of wasps.
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vi:pag/ vo

vi:pag s- Stat Unit: to be full of wasps in one location

vi:s s- Adj: fine

ex: svi:s 'ak= fine sand in a wash

vi:s s- Stat: to be fine, to be worn out

ex: Cu'i 'o svi:s. The flour is ground very fine. Svi:s g 'ipu my dress is worn out.

vi:ad/ vi:ud Vdtr [Neutr: def vi:ad/vi:ud] to save obj (food) for a special occasion
ex: Tt o vi:ad g bahidaj. We'll save the saguaro fruits.

vi:a N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vi:aa-j); pl/distr: vipia]: great-grandchild
(term used by a great-grandparent to refer to and/or address any of his/her great-
grandchildren; the reciprocal term is vi:kol)

vi:am vu Stat Expr sing [mult: vu vipiam): to have a great-grandchild (to be one
with a great-grandchild)
ex: D(<vu) 'a vi:am. I have a great-grandchild. D(<vu) 'a vipiam. I have great-
grandchildren.

vi:'i see Vintr vi'i-= to stay, remain

vi:-'o'ohia NComp mass: fine sand

vi:-'o'ohiag StatComp Unit: there is fine sand in one lo cation

vo-

vo, v, o, u Part: indicates that the effect of a state or an action which has taken place or
is taking place, extends into the present or the future. (Note that it may receive the stative
verb paradigm: =k, =ka-him, =ka-d)
ex: Pt o 'om(<'am) hu:gio. You will clean me out.-- Pt o 'om(<'am) a(<va) hu:gio. You
have cleaned me out for good (from now on I am cleaned out).-- Napt 'ab o(<va) 'I ma:.
Are you willing to give it to me? Heu'u, nt o a(<va) mma:. Yes, I give it to you.--..mas
hascu u ok. ..whatever it is/will be.
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vodva/ voho

vodva Vtr Unit sgo (for plo see vo:podva) [Neutr: def and hort vodva; imper sgs
vodva-, pls vodv-yo]: to lay obj down (same as vo:d)
ex: 'I 'apt o vodva! You(sg) will lay it down here!

voga N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers anim voga-j; pl: vopoga]: quiver; stepson,
stepdaughter

voga Stat sing [mult: vopoga]: to have a quiver; to have a stepson, stepdaughter

vogacud Vdtr sing (for mult see vopogacud) [Neutr: def vogac]: to make a quiver
for somebody out of obj

vogat Vtr sing (for mult see vopogat): to make a quiver out of obj

vohi see Vtr vohid= to singe obj

vohid Vtr Unit [Neutr: def vohi; hort vohid; imper sgs vohida-]: to singe obj
ex: Nt o vohi g cucul-vopo. I'll singe the chicken's down. Nt o ho(<ha)vohi g cucul. I'll
singe the chickens.

voho (dial: veho) Adv subst: really

ex: Tp 'am o svohoc mo voho (<vu) a(<va) hahu'ul. They will believe that she is really
their maternal grandmother. Pi 'o (<vu) a 'i voho Ju:kam. He is not really a
Mexican. ia k 'atp 'oia voho hob(<hab) 'ejuk 'am hema hi: 'atp. Well, and soon after
that it did happen that someone went there.
[ku-]s voho Adv Expr: not to be true/ possible
ex: S voho hea'i 'am hugk 'am sma:c ha'icu ma 'a:i'i. I don't think that it is possible
that anybody could know as much as I do. S voho hea'i hab masma skegaj ma
'a:i'i. I don't think that anybody could be as handsome as I am. Kups voho 'i ge:g.
I do not think that you can beat me. Kups voho 'i ab o 'i no! You can't just leave
now! Kuns voho ab o 'i'ito g mcu'i! I can't just drink all of your pinole!
pi voho ... [v]o Adv Expr: not to be able to/ allowed to
ex: Kunt pi voho 'on(<'an) hu ge cuhugc'e haki:k 'oidc o 'oimmead. I cannot be
wandering around their houses in the dark. Pi 'imt(<'amt) voho vo mua. You(pl) will
not be able to kill him. D(<vu) 'o m'alidagc pi voho vab si o'ig hebi o(<vo)
ka:ck. Since he is your child he should not be lying (abandoned) somewhere.
va voho Adv Expr: indeed
ex: ... dahiva g hu: k a(<va) voho 'am 'e'a:. ... Corn sat down and indeed (as he had
been told to do) told his story. ... t a(<va) voho 'am 'ece:m g hemajkam. ... indeed
(as they had been told) they came in groups, the people. ia k a(<va) voho hab
'eju:. Well, and that is indeed (as has been said) what happened. Kutp a(<va) voho
hob(<hab) 'evua? Does she really do that (act thus)?
 353

voho/ vohogam

si voho Adv Expr: truly, absolutely

ex: Si voho 'opk(<'apk) hi a(<va) cum a 'i si s'ema:c, 'a:pi'i, t'aliga. Truly, you are
unusually smart, you, our son.
voho 'i Adv Expr: completely, extremely
ex: 'I:da'a voho 'i sve:c. This one is extremely heavy. Voho 'i 'ai hega'i ko:sig. Sleep
had completely overtaken her. ...nat pi ab voho 'i koi. ...because she was fast asleep.

voho (dial: veho) Stat: to be true

ex: Voho 'o. It is true. M(<'am) 'u(<'o) a(<va) voho. It is indeed true. M(<'am) 'ok
a(<va) voho. It is indeed a fact. Pi 'o a 'i voho. It is not true at all. Na'as 'am a(<va)
voho. It may very well (strong likelihood) be true.

voho s- Stat: to be very true

ex: Si voho mo (<vu) s'i'idkam! He sure is a good drinker!

vohoc see semi Stat tr s-vohocud= to believe/ trust obj

vohocud (dial: vehocud) s- semi Stat tr [Neutr: def s-vohoc; hort and indef s-vohocud;
imper sgs s-vohocuda-. Correl: s-vohocud-k; immed: s-vohocud-ka-'i. Interr: s-
vohocuda-him/ s-vohocud=ka-him. Dur: s-vohocuda-d/ s-vohocud=ka-d]: to believe,
trust, obey, obj
ex: ... kumtp o svohoc. ... if you(pl) trust me. Nt o a(<va) smvohoc. I will trust
you(sg). Svohocuda! Trust me! Nap svohocud? Do you(sg) trust him? Heg 'o
shavohocud g 'ege'egega. He obeys his parents. Cum 'a svohocudahim/
svohocudkahim). I used to trust him. M(<'am) g ab 'i svohocudad/ svohocudkad!
Keep on trusting me! Tp 'am o svohoc hegam 'a'al mo voho (<vu) a(<va) hahu'ul.
They would believe, those children, that she was really their grandmother. Pi 'i(<'a)
mvohocud. I don't believe you(sg). T 'am 'i pi a 'i vohoc. He did not believe/ obey him.
'Ab haha hi va cum pi vohocudk 'oia 'am hab a(<va) ju: matp 'am 'i ta g 'enov 'al cem.
Then, since he did not trust him, what he did was to open his hand, just a little.

vohocud s-cu semi Stat: to be trusting, obedient

ex: 'A scuvohocud. I am obedient. 'A:i 'a cum scuvohocudahim/scuvohocudkahim. I
used to be trusting. Nt o scuvohocudad/ scuvohocudkad. I will be trusting (obedient).

vohog (dial: vehog) s-cu Adv: obediently

vohogam (dial: vehogam) N: truth

ex: 'a:gida g vohogam! Tell me the truth! --M(<'am) 'a m'a:gid g vohogam. I tell you
the truth.
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vohogam/ vonomt

vohogam vu Stat Expr: to be the truth

ex: M(<'am) 'ok u a(<va) vohogam. It is indeed the truth. M(<'am) 'ok u a(<va) 'i ge
vohogam. It is the plain truth.

vohogam s- Adj: true, real

ex: M(<'am) 'o (<vu) si svohogam Ju:kam. He is a full blooded Mexican (a completely
true Mexican).

vohogamcud Vtr [Neutr: def vohogamc]: to believe obj

ex: K haha vo vohogamc hega'i. And then he/they will believe him.

vohogim s- Mod: really, surely

ex: Svohogim g 'am him Cuk-on vui! Be sure to go to Tucson! Napt 'am a(<va) si
svohogim bei? Did you really get it? --Si svohogim 'am o 'a:g. Be sure to tell it to him.
Begi, si svohogim mapt hab o 'o(<'e)ju:. Well, be sure to do it (act like that).

vohogim s- Stat: to be real, sure

ex: Si 'o svohogim. It is absolutely sure.

vonom[a]d Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vopnom[a]d) [Neutr: def and hort 'e-
vonomad. Correl: 'e-vonomad-k; immed: 'e-vonomad-ka-'i. Interr: 'e-vonomda-him]:
to put one's hat on
ex: Meadc 'evonomdahim. He is putting his hat on while running.

vonomim N subst: one with a hat (same as vonomkam)

Cuk-Vonomin NComp(?): a nickname (one-with-a-black-hat)

vonom[] (dial: vonam[]) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vonomi-j/ vonoma-j; instr:
vonom-kaj); pl: vopom[]]: hat

vonom[] (dial: vonam[]) Stat sing [mult: voponom[]: to have a hat

ex: Ha'as 'i vonom. He has a hat of a certain size. a'ak vonom. He has a hat with a
crease.

vonom[]cud Vdtr sing (for mult see vopnomcud) [Neutr: def vonomc]: to make a
hat for somebody out of obj

vonomkam N subst: one with a hat (same as vonomim)

vonomt Vtr sing (for mult see vopnomt): to make a hat out of obj
 355

vopda/ vopnomcud

vopda Vtr Repet (for Unit see vo:d-) [Neutr: indef vopda. Dur: vopda-d. Interr: vopda-
him]: to lay down obj repeatedly; to put obj to bed repeatedly
ex: P hekid 'i vopda? When do you put him to bed? 'Id 'a ab 'am 'aigo 'i vopda. I am
just tuming this over (repeatedly). Pt o 'aigo 'i vopdad! Be turning it over several
times! 'Ea 'a cum vopdahimc hemu vaha a'a(<va'a) pi 'oi vopda nat pi 'am a(<va)
ge'eda. I used to put him to bed early but now I don't anymore because he is big enough
(he has grown).

vopda Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-vo:d): to be laid down repeatedly; to score so
many points, move so many holes repeatedly in a game
ex: Gamai hetasp vag 'evopda g gins. Fifteen points (holes) is what the gins score (when
it falls face up)

vopda N: act of casting a spell either in war or in competitive inter-village games

vopda N: hidden bean game (played with four hollow tubes called vopdaiku)

vopdaiku N inalien aggreg: hidden bean game tubes (a set of four hollow tubes used
to play vopda)

vopdi see N vo:di= large metal container

vopigad N aggreg: name of the fruit of one variety of prickly pear cactus (nav)

vopivul see N voivul: a variety of caterpillar that stings

vopji see Vtr vopjid: to cast a spell on obj

vopjid Vtr Repet (for Unit see vo:gid) [Neutr: indef vopjid. Interr: vopjida-him. Dur:
vopjida-d]: to cast a spell on obj repeatedly
ex: Heg 'o ho(<ha)vopjid. He is the one who (usually) casts spells on them.

vopjid Vtr Distr (for Unit see vo:jid) [Neutr: def vopji]: to cast a spell on obj
ex: Vatt o ho(<ha)vopji. Each one of us will cast a spell on them.

voplliya see N vol:ya: one with curly/ shaggy hair on the body

vopnomcud Vdtr mult (for sing see vonomcud) [Neutr: def vopnomc]: to make hats
for somebody out of obj
 356

vopnom[a]d/ vopogacud

vopnom[a]d Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-vonom[a]d) [Neutr: indef 'e-
vopnomad. Interr: 'e-vopnomda-him. Dur: 'e-vopnomda-d]: to put one's hat on
repeatedly

vopnom[] see N vonom[]= hat

vopnom[] see Stat vonom[]= to have a hat

vopnomt Vtr mult (for sing see vonomt): to make hats out of obj

vopnom 'ena:tok NExpr(?): hat factory (place where hats are being made)

vopo see N vo'o= pond, charco

vopo N inalien aggreg [3rd pers sg vopo-j]: down; down-like fur (as of a donkey); hair
on the body
ex: ... 'ab 'i 'al vuha g vopoj. ... its down came out some. 'U'uvhig mo 'egid g vopo.
Birds are those which have down.

vopo Stat: to have down, fur, hair on one's body

ex: Pi 'ib(<'ab) hu ha vopo. It does not have any down (on itself).

vopo Vintr Repet (for Unit see vo:po['o]) pls (for sgs see memea) [Neutr: indef
vopo. Dur: vopo-d. Interr: vopo-him]: to run/ drive repeatedly
ex: 'In 'o vopohim. They have been driving (and stopping) repeatedly around here. 'In
'o vopo. They drive and stop repeatedly around here.

vopodam N subst pl (for sg see memedam): ones running repeatedly; runners

vopog see N vo:g= road

vopog see Stat vo:g= there is a road
vopog see Stat impers vo'og= there is a charco
vopoga see Stat vo'oga= to have, own, a charco
vopogam see N vo:gam= road, way to somewhere
vopogga see Stat vo:gga= to have a road
vopoga see N voga= quiver; stepson, step-daughter
vopoga see Stat voga= to have a quiver; to have a stepson, stepdaughter

vopogacud Vdtr mult (for sing see vogacud) [Neutr: def vopogac]: to make
several quivers for somebody out of obj
 357

vopogat/ vopsma-je:j

vopogat Vtr mult (for sing see vogat); to make several quivers out of obj

vopoicud Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-vo:po'icud) pls (for sgs see 'e-
memelcud): to run for exercise, to run a race, repeatedly

vopoivs see N voivs= horse trained for certain tasks

vopokam s- N subst: one with a lot of down/ fur/ hair on the body

vopola N indiv [pl: voppola]: hairy one (person or animal with a lot of hair on his body)

vopo[i]ku see N vo:[i]ku= instrument to pull/ pluck with

vopopig Vtr [Neutr: def vopop; hort vopopig]: to remove down, fur, hair on the body,
of obj

vopot Vintr mult (for sing see vo'ot): to make several charcos

vopot Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-vo'ot): to get made (said of several charcos)
ex: T o ha'i 'i(<'e)vopot. I hear that charcos are going to be made.

vopoa see N vo'oa: valley

vopoviba see N voviba: deceased paternal aunt (father's younger sister)
vopovit see N vovit: paternal aunt (father's younger sister)
vopo'o see N vo'o: pond, charco
voppo see N vo'o: pond, charco
voppola see N vopola: hairy one
voppoa see N vo'oa: valley
vopsiba see N vosiba: deceased paternal grandfather; deceased paternal great uncle
vopsk see N vosk: paternal grandfather; paternal great uncle
vopsku see N vosku: broom
vopsma see N vosma: grandchild (man's son's child)

vopsmaam 'e- N: a pair including a paternal grandfather and his grandchild

vopsmakam see Stat Expr vu vosmakam: to have/ be one with a grandchild

vopsma-je:j see NComp vosma-je'e: daughter-in-law; father-in-law
 358

vopsma-je:jim/ vopto-

vopsma-je:jim (elis of *vopsma-je:jim) in 'e-vopsma-je:jim NComp: a pair

including daughter-in-law and father-in-law

vopsma-je:jim in vu 'e-vopsma-je:jim Stat Expr: to be daughter-in-law and

father-in-law to each other
ex: D(<vu) 'o 'o(<'e)vopsma-je:jim. They are daughter-in-law and father-in-law to each
other.

vopsonaku see N vosonaku= instrument used as a broom

vopag see N vo:ag= pocket

vopagt Vintr mult (for sing see vo:agt): to make pockets

ex: Napt 'ab o ge vopagt 'esa:go 'ab? Are you going to put pockets on your blouse?

vopo see N voo= field rat

voptonac semi Stat reflex mult (for sing see 'e-votonac): to have one's buttons
buttoned

vopton[a]d Vtr mult (for sing see voton[a]d): to button obj (several buttons)

vopton[a]d Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-voton[a]d): to button oneself (several
buttons)

voptonag see Stat votonag= to be buttoned; to have a button

voptonpi'ok Vtr mult (for sing see votonpi'ok) [Neutr: def voptonpi'o; hort
voptonpi'ok]: to unbutton obj (several buttons)
ex: G voptonpi'ok! Unbutton me (several buttons)!

voptonpi'ok Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-votonpi'ok) [Neutr: def 'e-voptonpi'o;
hort 'e-voptonpi'ok]: to unbutton oneself (several buttons)
ex: 'Evoptonpi'ok! Unbutton yourself (several buttons)!

voptonpi'okc semi Stat reflex mult (for sing see 'e-votonpi'okc): to have several
buttons unbuttoned

vopto see N voto= button

vopto see Stat voto= to have a button
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vopto-/ vosma-je'e

vopto-je:jegcud VComp tr mult (for sing see voto-jegcud): to make several

buttonholes for obj

vopto-je:jegt VComp intr mult (for sing see voto-jegt): to make several
buttonholes
ex: Nt o ha'i vopto-je:jegt. I'll make a few button holes.

vosiba N inalien indiv [pl: vopsiba]: deceased father's father; deceased father's
father's brother

vosk N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg voska-j); pl: vopsk]: father's father; father's
father's brother (the reciprocal term is vosma: grandchild)

vosk vu Stat Expr: to be a paternal grandfather, a paternal great uncle

ex: D(<vu) 'a voskaj. I am his paternal grandfather

vosk keli NExpr inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -vosk keli; 3rd pers sg voska-j keli); pl:
vopsk kekel]: paternal great uncle

vosku N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg voskua-j); pl: vopsku]: broom
ex: cem vosku= my little broom

vosk 'oks NExpr inalien indiv [pl: vopsk 'o'oks]: paternal great aunt

vosma N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vosmaa-j); pl: vopsma]: grandchild ( son's
child, ego being a man); brother's son's child (the reciprocal term is vosk)

vosmacud Vtr: to make obj become a paternal grandfather

ex: Vo vosmac. She (my daughter-in-law) is going to have a child (make me become a
grandfather).

vosmakam vu Stat Expr sing [mult: vopsmakam]: to be one with a grandchild (a

child of one's son)
ex: D(<vu) 'a vosmakam. I have a grandchild. D(<vu) 'a vopsmakam. I have
grandchildren.

vosmat Vintr [Interr: vosmata-him]: to become a paternal grandfather

ex: Vosmatahim 'a. I am about to become a paternal grandfather.

vosma-je'e NComp inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -vosma-je'e); pl: vopsma-je:j]:
daughter-in-law, father-in-law (mother of one's son's child, vosma, ego being a man)
 360

voso/ votonpi'ok

voso see Vtr voson= to sweep obj

voson Vtr [Neutr: def voso; indef and hort voson; imper sgs vosona-]: to sweep obj
ex: Nt o voso g ki:. I'll sweep my house. Nt o voso 'on(<'an) ki: ve:gaj. I'll sweep
(the ground) around my house. Pi g 'am hu 'i voson! Don't sweep it! P hekid i voson
g 'eki:? When do you sweep your house? M(<'am) 'a hekid 'i havoson g rugs k
hemho a(<va) vapu. Every time I sweep the rugs I get blisters without fail.

vosonaku N inalien indiv [pl: vopsonaku]: instrument used as a broom

vosonas Stat: to be swept

ex: Vosonas 'o. It is swept.

voso see Vdtr vosoid= to sweep obj for somebody

vosoid Vdtr [Neutr: def voso; indef and hort vosoid. Dur: vosoida-d; imper sgs
vosonda-da-]: to sweep obj for somebody

votonac semi Stat reflex sing (for mult see 'e-voptonac) [Neutr: indef and def
votonac]: to have one's button buttoned
ex: Nap 'ab a(<va) 'a(<e)voptonac? Do you(sg) have your button buttoned?

voton[a]d Vtr sing (for mult see vopton[a]d) [Neutr: def and hort votonad]: to
button obj (one button)

voton[a]d Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-vopton[a]d) [Neutr: def and hort 'e-
votonad]: to button oneself (one button)
ex: B(<'ab) g 'evotonad! Button yourself (one button)! B(<'ab) g 'evoptonad! Button
yourself (several buttons)!

votonag Stat sing [mult: voptonag]: to be buttoned; to have a button

ex: Pi 'o 'ob(<'ab) hu votonag g mli:va. Your coat is not buttoned. No 'ob(<'ab) ge
voptonag g msa:go? Does your blouse have buttons?

votonpi'ok Vtr sing (for mult see voptonpi'ok) [Neutr: def votonpi'o; hort
votonpi'ok]: to unbutton obj (one button)
ex: G votonpi'ok! Unbutton me (one button)!

votonpi'ok Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-voptonpi'ok) [Neutr: def 'e-votonpi'o;
hort 'e-votonpi'ok]: to unbutton oneself
ex: 'Evotonpi'ok! Unbutton yourself (one button)!
 361

votonpi'okc/ vo'i-

votonpi'okc semi Stat reflex sing (for mult see 'e-voptonpi'okc): to have one
button unbuttoned

voto (Span: botn) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg votoi-j) pl: vopto]: button
ex: voto 'at ehai. My button is broken.

voto Stat sing [mult: vopto]: to have a button

ex: Pi 'o 'ob(<'ab) hu ha voto. It does not have any button.

voto jeg NExpr inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg votoi-j jeg); pl: vopto je:jeg]: button
hole
ex: B(<'ab) g va:kid 'evoto jeg 'e! Put it in your button hole!

voto-jegcud Vtr sing (for mult see vopto-je:jegcud): to make a button hole for
object
ex: Nt o hema mvoto-jegc. I'll make you a button hole!

voto-jegt V sing (for mult see vopto-je:jegt): to make a button hole

ex: Nt o hema voto-jegt. I'll make a button hole.

vo[a]g (dial: voog) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg voga-j); pl: vopag]: pocket
li:va voag NExpr [1st pers sg -li:va voag; 3rd pers sg li:va-j voag]: coat pocket
sa:go voag N Expr [1st pers sg: n-sa:go voag] : blouse pocket

voagt Vintr sing (for mult see vopagt) [Neutr: def and hort voagt]: to make a pocket
ex: Napt 'ab o ge voagt 'esa:go 'ab? Are you going to put a pocket on your blouse

voo N indiv [pl: vopo]: field rat

voviba (dial: vovoiba) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vovibaa-j); pl: vopovibad
(dial: vo:poiba)]: deceased father younger sister

vovit (dial: vovoit) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vovita-j); pl: vopovit (dial: vo:poit)]:
father younger sister (the reciprocal term is hakima: nephew, niece)

vo'i see Vintr vo'iv-= to arrive running or driving

vo'i- Vintr Unit (for Repet see vo:po'o) [Neutr: def voi, indef vo:; hort vo:-'i; imper sgs
vo'i-, pls vo'i-o. Correl: vo'o-k; immed: vo'o-ka-'i]: to spend the night, to camp for the
night
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vo'i-/ vo'iopa

ex: 'I 'ant o voi. I'll spend the night here. k 'am hab vo: 'ama'i. and they spend the night
there. 'I g a(<va) 'i vo:'i! Spend (you sg) the night right here! 'I g o a(<va) 'i vo:'i!
Spend (you pl) the night right here! 'I 'ant o a(<va) 'i vo'ok si'alim aha(<haha) 'ep vo hi:.
I'll spend the night right here, and then tomorrow morning I'll leave again.

vo'iku N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vo'ikua-j) pl: vo:pku]: bed; place to rest

vo'iku da:m taim NExpr inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vo'ikua-j da:m taim);
pl: vo'iku da:m ta:taim]: bed spread (something spread on top of a bed)

vo'iku-ma'ipaag NComp(?): bed spread

vo'im see Vintr vo'ime= to go and spend the night with a woman

vo'imdag N: desire to lie down

ex: Vo'imdag 'o hob(<hab) ha'icu vua. The desire to lie down is responsible for it.

vo'ime Vintr Unit sgs [Neutr: def vo'im]: to go and spend the night with a woman
ex: Nt o vo'im. I am on my way to spend the night with a woman.

vo'imeam N subst: one who goes and spends the night with a woman
ex: Jiva 'at 'ep g vo'imeam. He has come again, the one-who-goes-and-spends-the-night-
with-a-woman.

vo'imeam vu Stat Expr: to be one who goes and spends the night with a woman
ex: D(<vu) 'a ge vo'imeam. I am one who goes and spends the night with a woman
(when I shoul not).

vo'ino see Vintr vo'ino= to turn back while running or driving

vo'ino Vintr pls (for sgs see melno) [Neutr: def vo'ino; hort vo'ino]: to turn back
while running or driving
ex: Mt o 'i vo'ino! You(pl) will turn back. 'Am g o 'i vo'ino. Turn back there!

vo'iopa see Vintr vo'iopa= to arrive somewhere by car or running

vo'iopa Vintr pls (for sgs see melopa) [Neutr: def vo'iopa; indef vo'iopa]: to arrive
somewhere running or driving
ex: M hekid 'i vo'iopa? When do you(pl) arrive (running or driving)? 'I 'o vo'iopa.
They arrive here (by car or running) again and again.
 363

vo'i/ vo'ivimcud

vo'i see Vtr vo'ip= to lie down on top of obj

vo'ic semi Stat tr sgs (for pls see vo:po'ic) [Neutr: def and indef vo'ic. Dur: vo'ici-
d. Interr: vo'ic=ka-him]: to be in a lying position on top of; to hatch obj
ex: Cucul havo'ic g 'enonha. The chicken is hatching (is staying lying on top of her
eggs). Pt ab o 'i vo'icid! You stay lying on top of it!

vo'ip Vtr [Neutr: def vo'i; hort vo'ip; imper sgs vo'ipa-]: to lie down on top of obj
ex: Vo'ipa! Get it under you (as you are lying down)!

vo'ipi'ok Vtr [Neutr: def vo'ipi'o; hort vo'ipi'ok]: to remove obj from under oneself
as one is lying down
ex: Vo'ipi'oka! Get it out from under you (as you are lying down)!

vo'iv- Vintr pls (for sgs see meliv-) [Neutr: def vo'i. Correl: vo'iv-k; immed: vo'iv-ka-'i.
Interr: vo'iv-him]: to arrive running or driving
ex: Vo'i 'at. They have arrived (running or driving). Vo'ivhim 'ac. We are about to,
arrive (running or driving). G hu vo'ivk 'am eid ma 'am dahac u ha'icu nonha ...
Having arrived over there (running), they saw that what was (sitting) there were eggs.

vo'iva Vintr Unit (for Repet see vo'ivup) sgs (for pls see vo:piva) [Neutr: def and
hort vo'iva; imper vo'iva. Correl: vo'iva-k; immed: vo'iva-ka-'i. Compl: vo'iva-yok;
immed: vo'iva-yoka-'i. Interr: vo'ivu-him]: to lie down, to go to bed
ex: Nt o ho(<ha) vo'iva. I'll lie down for a while. Vo'iva 'ant k o koi. I am going to bed
(lay down and sleep). I g a(<va) 'i vo'iva! Lie down right here! Ga:n g a 'i vo'iva!
Move over (lie down farther away)! Kupal g vo'iva! Lie down on your stomach! Ta'i
g vo'iva! Lie down on your back! Gahi g vo'iva! Lie down on your side! Pi g 'ab hu
ku:gam vo'iva! Don't lie down with your back turned to me! Vo'ivak ko:s! Lie down
and sleep! Vo'ivuhim 'a. I am about to go to bed. Ma hekid 'i vo'ivuhim ves hacu:c
g lalamba. Before going to bed I turn off all the lights.

vo'iva Vreflex: to be laid down

ex: ... k ga: hu 'al 'i go:k vagc'e 'evo'iva. ... and he scored only two points.

vo'iva g maad VExpr: to be the beginning of the month, the new moon (the crescent
of the new moon is said to be lying down, whereas the full moon is said to be sitting)
ex: Vo'iva 'atk g maad. It is the beginning of the month, the new moon Koi 'at 'am hu
vo'iva g maad. It is not yet the beginning of the month, the new moon.

vo'ivimcud/ vo'ivumcud s- Vtr impers [Neutr: def s-vo'ivimc; indef s-vo'ivimcud]:

to make obj feel like lying down
ex: No smvo'ivimcud? Does it make you(sg) feel like lying down?
 364

vo'ivuihog/ vo'oga

vo'ivuihog Vintr sgs [Neutr: indef vo'ivuihog]: to be on one's way to bed

ex: Ma hekid 'i vo'ivuihog ves hacu:c g lalamba. When I am on my way to bed I turn
off all the lights.

vo'ivup Vintr Repet (for Unit see vo'iva) sgs (for pls see vo:piva) to lie down, go to
bed repeatedly
ex: P hekid 'i vo'ivup? When do you(sg) usually go to bed? G 'o hu vo'o mo 'om(<'am)
vo'ivup. He is lying down in his room (over there where he usually lies down). 'am
hab cum vo'ivup 'ep. ... again and again he tries in vain to lie down (and go to sleep).

vo'o N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vo'o=ga-j; loc: vo'o-t-'am); pl: vopo['o], distr: voppo]:
pond, charco
ex: 'am vo'ot'am= down at the charco Hu:hu g voppo. The charcos are empty.
Ko:m Vo'o NComp (?): name of a village (Hackberry-Charco)
ex: Ko:m Vo'o 'am 'o ki:. He lives at Ko:m Vo'o.
Makkomi-Vo'o Comp: name of a place (Catterpilar-Charco)
Vuplo HaVo'oga NExpr: name of a village (Donkeys' Charco)
ex: Vuplo HaVo'o 'am 'o ki:. He lives at Vuplo HaVo'o.

vo'o Stat Unit sgs (for pls anim see vo:p[]; for distrs anim see vo'ovop); for pls
inanim see ve:c; for distrs inanim see ve'evec) [Neutr: indef vo'o; concurs vo'o-c/ vo'o-
kc; def vo'o=k. Interr: vo'o=ka-him. Dur: vo'o=ka-d]: to be lying down in one location
ex: 'Am hema vo'o g vama. There is a snake (lying) there. Haiva 'o 'om(<'am) vo'o
'akc'ea. There is a cow (lying) in the wash. Ga hu vo'o kokdam haki: 'ab. He is
(lying) at the hospital. Ba: 'o vo'o g koto? Where is (lying) my shirt? Mi:sa da:m
'o vo'o g 'o'ohon. The book is (lying) on the table. Vo'o g maad. The moon is (lying)
in its first quarter. Vo'okahim 'a. I have been lying down. Pt ab o 'i vo'okad! Stay in
bed (lying down)! Si'alim 'am vo'okc ko: g Ban ... In the morning Coyote is lying
there asleep ...

vo'og Stat impers Unit [sing (indef vo'og; def vo'og=k; concurs vo'og-c. Interr:
vo'og=ka-him. Dur: vo'og=ka-d); mult: vopog]: there is a charco in one location
ex: No 'om(<'am) ge vo'og 'ama'i? Is there a charco down there? No 'om(<'am) ge
vopog 'ama'i? Are there charcos down there' ... 'am ge vo'ogc 'am u:dag. ... down
there, unexpectedly there is a charco which is (and it is) full of water.

vo'oga N indiv [pl: vopoga; distr: voppoga]: charco belonging to somebody

Keliba Vo'oga NExpr: name of a village (Dead Old Man Charco)
ex: Keliba Vo'oga 'am 'o ki:. He lives at Keliba Vo'oga.

vo'oga Stat Unit sing [mult: vopoga]: to have, own, a charco

ex: Nam ge vo'oga 'aba'i Covered-Wellst'ab? Do you(pl) have a charco up there at
Covered Wells?
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vo'ok /vo:d-

vo'ok, vo'oka'i see Vintr vo'i-= to spend the night, camp for the night

vo'okadma s- V subst intr sgs (for pls anim see s-vo:pkadma; for pls inanim see s-
ve:ckadma): to appear to be lying down
ex: B(<'ab) 'ap a svo'okdma. I thought you were lying there. 'A ko hob(<hab) hi koi
'am hu svo'okadma g maad! But it should not be the new moon yet (the moon should not
be lying there yet)!

vo'olakhim Vintr Interr sgs (for pls see vo:po'olakhim): to be going trott (said of a
person)

vooa N indiv [pl: vopoa; distr: voppoa]: valley

ex: S'u''uvhig 'o 'on(<'an) voppoa 'oidk. There are lots of birds distributed along the
valleys.

vooak N: place where there is a valley

ex: Sto:ta-cu:vag 'ama'i vooak 'oidc. It's full of white jack rabbits down there where
there is a valley.

vo'ot Vintr sing (for mult see vopot): to make a charco

ex: Tt o hema vo'ot. We are going to make a charco.

vo'ot Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-vopot): to be made (about a charco)
ex: T o hema 'a(<'e)vo'ot. It is said that a charco is going to be made.

vo'ovop Stat Distr (for Unit sgs see vo'o; for Unit pls anim see vo:p[]; for Unit pls
inanim see ve:c): to be lying down in several locations

vo:-

vo: see V intr vo'i-= to spend the night

vo:d- Vtr Unit (for Repet see vopda) sgo (for plo see vo:pod) [Neutr: def voi; hort
vo:d; imper sgs vo:da-, pls vo:da-yo; concurs vo:d-c. Correl: vo:d-k; immed: vo:d-ka-'i.
Compl: vo:d-ok; immed: vo:d-oka'-i. Interr: vo:da-him]: to lay obj down, to put obj to
bed
ex: Natt 'i v(<vo) va 'i voi? Shall we lay it down here? 'Am hab haha vab bei hega'i
'I'itoi k 'in voi 'ekotva da:m. Then he just grabbed her, that 'I'itoi, and laid her on (on top
of) his shoulder. ... heg 'im haha voi 'e'o: 'am k 'an si vu: 'e'ea. ... then he laid that on
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vo:d-/ vo:gam
his back and tied it firmly on to himself. Vo:da! Lay it down!/Put him to bed! 'Am g
o a 'i vo:d! You(pl) lay it down over there! M(<'am) g 'aigo 'i vo:d! Turn it over (once)!
Ta'i g 'i vo:d! Lay it down right side up!/Lay him on his back! Kupal g 'i vo:d! Lay it
upside down! /Lay him on his stomach! Gahi g vo:d! Lay him/it on his/its side!
Vo:dahim 'a g na:mt. I am laying my adobe bricks one after the other ... hega'i 'oks
ma 'am ta'i vo:dc hab vua. ... that (adult) woman whom they laid down on her back
(hearsay) and did something to. ... 'an vo:dk gamai hu keihi 'ep. ... having laid her there
(on his shoulder) he resumed his dancing.

vo:d- Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vopda) [Neutr: def 'e-voi]: to be laid down; to
score (so many points), to move (so many holes)
ex: Ga hu 'evoi cu:l 'aba'i. He moved to the corner (in the gins game).

vo:dc semi Stat sgo (for plo see vo:podc) [Neutr: def and indef vo:dc. Dur: vo:dci-d.
Interr: vo:dc=ka-him]: to have obj in a lying position
ex: ia k 'am hab hema vi'ak 'am ab vo:dc. Well, and after saving one, he just kept it
lying there. M(<'am) g ab vo:dcid! Just keep it lying there!

vo:di (Span: bote) N alien indiv [sg (1st pers -vo:di=ga); pl: vopdi]: large metal
container

vo:g N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -vo:g=ga; loc: vo:g-c-'e, vo:g-t-'an); pl: vopog]:
road
ex: 'A ke:k vo:gc'ea. I am standing on the road. 'A him vo:g 'oidc. I am walking on
the road.
ge'e-vo:g NComp indiv [pl: ge'ege-vopog]: highway (big road)
kalit-vo:g NComp indiv [pl: kaklit-vopog]: wagon road
vainom-vo:g NComp indiv [pl: vainom-vopog]: railroad track (iron road)
'aj-vo:g NComp indiv alien (pl: 'a'aj-vopog]: horse path (narrow road)

vo:g Stat [sing (Neutr: indef vo:g; concurs vo:g-c; def vo:g=k. Interr: vo:g=ka-him. Dur:
vo:g=ka-d); mult: vopog]: there is a road
ex: No 'om(<'am) hema vo:gc g hu jivhis? Is there a road going over there? Pi 'o
'om(<'am) hu hema vo:g. There is no road. No 'om(<'am) ha'i vopog? Are there several
roads? 'I 'o skeg vopog. Here there are good roads. 'Am 'o hema cum vo:gkahim.
There used to be a road.

vo:gam N subst sg [pl: vopogam]: one with a road/ way to a place

do'ag-vo:gam subst NComp(?): road to a mountain

vo:gam vu Stat Expr: to be the road/ way to a place

ex: 'ea hab cu'ig hega'i matp 'am u vo:gam ki:j vui, 'an ge gi'ikpa to:nk. That which
was the way to her house was (hearsay) at that time such that there were (unexpectedly)
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vo:gam/ vo:j
four ridges. 'Id 'o 'am u vo:gam do'ag vui. This is the road to the mountain. 'Id 'o 'am
u vo:gam ki: vui. This is the road to my house. Kutp 'id 'am u vo:gam? Is this by
any chance the road to there? Heu'u, 'id 'o 'om(<'am) u vo:gam. Yes, it is the road to
there.

vo:gga Stat (sing (Neutr: indef vo:gga; def vo:gga=k. Interr: vo:gga=ka-him. Dur:
vo:gga=ka-d); mult: vopogga]: to have a road
ex: 'Am hab 'u'ahimk na:nko ma:s ha'icu 'i 'a'an matps 'an ve'evec 'an heg'oidc matp 'an
heba'i vo:gga hega'i Ta... Thus after gathering various kinds of feathers that were
scattered along wherever Sun had his road ... 'I 'o skeg vopogga. Here they have good
roads. 'A:pim 'am skeg vopogga. You people have good roads.

vo:gid Vtr [Neutr: def vo:g; hort and indef vo:gid]: to show the way to obj
ex: Nt o mvo:g. I'll show you the way. Heg 'o ho(<ha)vo:gid. He is the one who is
showing them the way.
pi 'ap vo:gid VExpr tr: to be a bad example for obj
ex: Mu'ikko pi 'ap havo:gid hegam 'a'al. Often, he/they are a bad example for those
children.
s-'ap vo:gid VExpr tr: to be a good example for obj

vo:gidaag N: initiation

vo:gidas Stat: to be initiated, to have been shown the way

ex: Heg 'o 'om(<'am) vo:gidas. He is initiated.

vo:g see Vtr vo:gid= to show the way to obj

vo:gjid in si 'e-vo:gjid VExpr reflex: to shiver, to shudder

vo:gt V [Neutr: def vo:gt. Interr: vo:gta-him]: to build a road

ex: T o hema vo:gt. He/they are going to (hearsay) build a road. 'Am 'o hema
vo:gtahim. He/they are building a road there.

vo:gt Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-vo:gt. Correl: 'e-vo:gt-k; immed: 'e-vo:gt-ka-'i. Interr: 'e-
vo:gta-him]: to be built (for a road)
ex: 'An 'at o hema 'evo:gt. A road is going (hearsay) to be built there. 'Am 'o hema
'a(<'e)vo:gtahim. A road is being built there. ... 'am ab ge 'evo:gtk gn hu 'ai g ku:gaj. ...
after a road had unexpectedly appeared (made itself) which reached its top (of the
mountain)...

vo:gta N inalien indiv [pl: vopogta]: road being built / having just been built

vo:j see Vtr vo:jid= to cast a spell on obj

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vo:jid/ vo:

vo:jid Vtr Unit (for Repet see vopjid; for Distr see vopjid) [Neutr: def vo:j; hort
vo:jid. Correl: vo:jid-k; immed: vo:jid-ka-'i. Compl: vo:jid-ok; immed: vo:jid-oka-'i]: to
cast a spell on obj (magic performed by the medicine man in order to disable either the
enemy or the competing team in intervillage games)
ex: Ha-'amtk- havo:j. There is evidence that a spell has been cast against them. Havo:j
'amt. It is said that a spell was cast against them.

vo:k N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers vo:ka-j, vo:ka-) pl: vo:pk]: stomach, belly
ex: vo:k 'e 'o sko'ok. Inside my stomach it hurts. vo:k 'o sko'ok. My stomach
hurts. ... 'in aha(<haha) 'ap(<'ep) onc 'in vo:ka 'an. ... then he chopped him too
through the middle (on his stomach) in one blow.

vo:k Stat sing [mult: vo:pk]: to have a stomach, belly

ex: Heg 'o hob(<hab) ma:s mo pi 'i(<'am) hu ha vo:k. He looks as if he did not have a
belly (said of a very thin person).

vo:kam N sg [pl: vo:pkam]: one with a stomach, belly; pregnant woman

Bo:l-Vo:kam NComp(?): a nickname (the one with a belly like a football)
'Olas-Vo:kam NComp(?): a nickname (the one with a belly like a ball)

vo:kam Adv: suddenly

ex: B(<vab) vo:kam 'ab 'al ko:pok g hu 'i 'iavak a(<va) hekaj g gins ta'i gei. Having
suddenly made a popping noise and fallen down there, at the first throw (immediately)
the gins fell face up.

vo:nda- see Vtr vo:= to pull out, pluck obj

vo:, vo:pon- Vtr [Neutr: vo:p; hort vo:po; imper sgs vo:p[o]na-, pls vo:p[o]n-o;
indef vo:. Correl: vo:pon-k; immed: vo:pon-ka-'i. Compl: vo:p[o]n-ok; immed:
vo:p[o]n-oka-'i. Dur: vo:i-d; imper sgs vo:nda-. Interr: vo:i-him]: to pull out' pluck
obj
ex: Nt o vo:p g cucul. I'll pluck the chicken. Pi 'i(<'a) hoho'id mant o ho(<ha)vo:p g
cucul. I do not like plucking chickens. Pi g 'am hu vo:pon g cucul! Don't pluck the
chicken! 'A kunt o 'ab 'a:'ad hega'i tova ves vo:ponka'i! But (surprise) I recently sent
that turkey here having completely plucked it! Vo: 'a g cucul. I am plucking the
chicken. Vo:ihim 'o. He has been plucking it. 'Am hab aha(<haha) 'i havo:ihimc
hab masma hab haju: mo 'on(<'an) hab 'evua g ba'ag 'evo:nc. Then they plucked them
until they had done to them what is usually done to an eagle (which is) being plucked.
M(<'am) g ab 'i vo:id! Keep on pulling it (grass) out! 'Im hab o 'i vo:hi! Be
pulling it(grass) out (with interruptions)!
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vo:/ vo:pkam

vo:, vo:p- Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-vo:p; indef 'e-vo:; concurs 'e-vo:n-c]: to get plucked
ex: 'Evo:p 'atk hega'i cucul. That chicken has been plucked. ... hab masma hab haju:
mo 'on(<'an) hab 'evua g ba'ag 'evo:nc. ... they did to them what is usually done to an
eagle being plucked.

vo:[i]ku N inalien indiv [pl: vopo[i]ku]: instrument to pull/ pluck with

civo-vo:[i]ku NComp inalien indiv [pl: civo-vopo[i]ku; distr: cicivo-
vopo[i]ku]: tweezers (also called civo-hu:paku and ho'i-hu:panaku)

vo:ime Vtr Unit sgs [Neutr: def vo:im; hort vo:ime]: to go and pull out/ pluck obj
ex: Nt o vo:im g a'i. I'll go and pull out the grass.

vo:p see Vtr vo:= to pull out/ pluck obj

vo:p see Vintr vo:po['o]= to run

vo:piva Vintr Unit (for Repet see vo:pivup) pls (for sgs see vo'iva) [Neutr: def and
hort vo:piva; imper vo:piv-yo (*elis of vo:piva-yo). Correl: vo:piva-k; immed: vo:piva-
ka-'i. Interr: vo:pivu-him]: to lie down, to go to bed
ex: Vo:pivuhim 'ac. We are about to go to bed.

vo:pivup Vintr Repet (for Unit see vo:piva) pls (for sgs see vo'ivup): to lie down/ go
to bed repeatedly
ex: M hekid 'i vo:pivup? When do you(pl) usually go to bed?

vo:p[] Stat Unit (for Distr anim see vo'ovop) pls anim (for sgs see vo'o) [Neutr: indef
vo:p; concurs vo:p[]-c; def vo:p []=k. Dur: vo:p-[]=ka-d. Interr: vo:p[]=ka-him] to be
lying down in one location
ex: 'Am ha'i vo:p g vahamma. Some snakes are lying down there. Haiva 'o
'om(<'am) vo:p 'akc'ea. There are cows lying in the wash. M(<'am) g ab o 'i
vo:pkad! You(pl) stay in bed! 'Am vo:pc ko:k. They are lying down asleep.

vo:pkadma s- V subst intr pls anim (for sgs see s-vo'okadma): to appear to be
lying down

vo:pku see N vo'iku= bed

vo:pk see N vo:k= stomach, belly
vo:pk see Stat vo:k= to have a stomach, belly
vo:pk, vo:pka'i see Vintr vo:po['o]= to run
vo:pkam see N vo:kam= with a stomach, belly; pregnant woman
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vo:pod/ vo:po'icud

vo:pod Vtr plo (for sgo see vo:p) [def, hort and indef vo:pod. Dur: vo:poda-d. Interr:
vo:poda-him]: to lay obj down, to put obj to bed
ex: Nant 'i v(<vo) va havo:pod? Shall I lay them down here? Kutt gda:m 'an o
ho(<ha)vo:pod. We will lay them down on top of it. Hada'adam 'apt o 'i havo:pod. Lay
them down on top of each other. Ga:gahi mt o 'i havo:pod. Lay them down on their
sides. 'Am g o a(<va) 'i havo:pod! Lay them down over there! P hekid 'i havo:pod?
When do you(sg) put them to bed? 'I 'apt o ho(<ha)vo:podad! Be laying them down
here! Pt o 'aigo 'i havo:podad! Turn them over (several times)! Da'adam 'apt o
ho(<ha)vo:pod. Lay them (boards) down on top of one another.

vo:podc semi Stat plo (for sgo see vo:dc) [Neutr: def and indef vo:podc. Dur:
vo:podci-d. Interr: vo:podc=ka-him]: to have obj in a lying position

vo:podva Vtr Unit plo (for sgo see vodva) [Neutr: def and hort vo:podva]: to lay obj
down (same as vo:pod)
ex: 'I 'apt o a(<va) 'i havo:podva! You(sg) will lay them down here!

vo:pon see Vtr vo:= to pull out pluck, obj

vo:pona N inalien: act of plucking

vo:pona N inalien [1st pers sg -vo:pona]: something being plucked or having just been
plucked
mu: vo:pona NExp [1st pers sg: mu: -vo:pona]: beans just plucked
ex: Nt o ge:g g mu: vo:pona mant 'am ce: 'ama'i. I'll beat (in order to remove the
pods) the beans that I have just plucked and which I put down in a pile over there.

vo:po'i see Vdtr vo:po'id= to take obj away from somebody

vo:po'ic see Vtr vo:po'icud= to make obj run
vo:po'ic see Vreflex 'e-vo:po'icud= to run
vo:po'ic see Vreflex 'e-vo:po'icud= to race against each other

vo:po'icud Vtr plo (for sgo see melcud) [Neutr: def vo:po'ic; hort and indef
vo:po'icud]: to make obj run, to drive obj

vo:po'icud Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vopoicud) pls (for sgs see 'e-melcud): to
run for exercise, to run a race, to be made to run
gm hu si 'e-vo:po'icud VExpr reflex pls (for sgs see gm hu si 'e-melcud): to run
away at full speed
ex: Gm hu si 'i(<'e)vo:po'ic. They ran away at full speed.
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vo:po'icud/ vo:po'ic

vo:po'icud Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-memelicud) [Neutr: def 'e-vo:po'ic]: to race
against each other
ex: Tt o tvo:po'ic. We are going to race (against each other). 'Am 'ac cum
tvo:po'icudahim. We used to race (against each other) there.

vo:po'id Vdtr [Neutr: def vo:po'i; hort and indef vo:po'id; concurs vo:po'id-c. Correl:
vo:po'id-k; immed: vo:po'id-ka-'i. Compl: vo:po'id-ok; immed: vo:po'id-oka-'i]: to take
obj away from somebody
ex: 'I 'at vo:po'i. He just now took it away from me. Heg 'at ves o tvo:po'i g ha'icu
thug. He is going to take all our food away from us. Heg 'o hejel ab thugka ha'icu
tvo:po'idc. She is the one who keeps pinching us without provocation (just by herself) as
she takes things away from us.

vo:po'idag s- Stat pls (for sg see s-meldag): to be good at running

vo:po'idkam s- N subst pl (for sg see s-melidkam): good runner (said of people,

dogs, horses, cars)

vo:po'idkam vu s- Stat Expr pls (for sgs see vu s-melidkam): to be a good

runner

vo:po'idt Vintr pls (for sgs see melidt) [Neutr: def vo:po'idt. Interr: vo:po'idta-him]: to
become able to run

vo:po'im s- Adv pl (for sg see s-melim): desirous to run drive

ex: Pi g o 'om(<'am) svo:po'im 'eju:jkcid! Don't be acting like you are desirous to leave
(by car)!

vo:po'im s- V subst intr pls (for sgs see s-melim): to feel like running/ driving
ex: Cum 'ac svo:po'im 'u:pam. We would like to go (drive) home.

vo:po'imam N subst pl (for sg see melimam): ones who feel like running/going
by car; travelers (by car)

vo:po'imk s- Adv pl (for sg see s-melimk): anxious to run/ drive

ex: Svo:po'imk hab 'eju:jkc. They act anxious to leave (by car).

vo:po'imk s- Stat pls (for sgs see s-melimk): to be anxious to run/ drive
ex: Svo:po'imk 'ac 'am 'u:pam. We are anxious to go (drive) home.

vo:po'ic semi Stat tr pls (for sgs see vo'ic) [Neutr: def and indef vo:po'ic]: to be in a
lying position on top of obj; to hatch obj
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vo:po'o/ vua

vo:po'o Vintr Repet (for Unit see vo'o) [Neutr: indef vo:po'o. Correl: vo:p-k; immed:
vo:p-ka-'i]: to spend the night, camp for the night, repeatedly
ex: P heba'i vo:po'o 'am himadc? Where do you(sg) spend the night when you are
travelling (on foot)? Hab a(<va) masma gi'ik vo:pk gm hu 'a'ahe. Having, in the same
way as before, camped for the night four times, they reached their destination (they
reached it over there).

vo:po['o] Vintr Unit (for Repet see vopo) pls (for sgs see me) [Neutr: def vo:p; indef
vo:po'o; hort vo:po'i; imper: vo:po'i-o. Correl: vo:p-k; immed: vo:p-ka-'i. Compl: vo:po'i-
ok; immed: vo:po'i-oka-'i. Interr: vo:po['o]-him. Dur: vo:po['o]-d; concurs vo:po['o]-d-c]:
to run, to drive
ex: ia k 'am shamai mat 'am vo:p mamaaj havui. Well, and he found out that they had
run to her children. Sba:bag g o vo:po'i! Drive slow! ... mat ab 'an vo:pohid. ...
they were running aimlessly (with interruptions). Ba:mt hu vo vo:pk hab cu'ijig?
Where is it that you(pl) are running to? ... mat 'am o vo:pk 'am o ho(<ha)ei. ... that
they will run there and look at them. Vo:pka'io! Run along! Vo:pka'ik o
ho(<ha)ei! Run and look at them! Vo:po'ioka'ik o ho(<ha)ei! Run, look at them (and
come back here)! M g o ob(<vab) 'i vo:po'od! Keep on running! Tt o vo:po'od.
We'll be running (continuously). ... 'im vo:po'odc gahu vab 'i 'i(<'e)ce:mo'odc jevu-
hugdagt'ab c 'im 'aigo vo:po'odc 'ab ab 'i 'i(<'e)ce:mo'odc 'ab 'u:pam vo:po'odc... ... they
kept running in one direction and getting blocked over there at the seashore (the end of
the world), running in the other direction and getting there (at the other shore) and
running back home ... 'In 'o vo:po'o. They are driving by (running by). 'In 'o
vo:po'ohim. They have been driving around here (without stopping).

vo:po'odam N subst (for sg see medam): something or somebody running

constantly; runners

vo:po'olakhim Vintr Interr pls (for sgs see vo'olakhim): to be going trot (said of
persons)

vu-

vua Vtr Unit (for Repet see vu:pa) sgo (for plo see ul[i]g) [Neutr: def vua; imper: sgs
vua-; hort vua[-'i]. Correl: vua-k; immed: vua-ka-'i. Compl: vui-yok; immed: vui-yoka-
'i. Interr: vui-him]: to put obj somewhere (habitually)
ex: Ba:pt vua? Where did you(sg) put it/him? ...'am 'i bek g hu vua. ... having taken it
(the horse) there, he put it in (the corral). ... 'am vua veco. ... they put it under him.
M apt o a 'al ha vua g 'asugal, t o a 'al si'ovk. If you put some sugar in it, it will taste
sweet. 'At ha vua g kula 'an 'emo'o 'an. He put some medicine (ointment) on his (own)
head. B(<'ab) 'ant o hema vua g si:nko. I'll put a nickel in (a slot).-- M(<'am) g ha vua g
 373

vua
'on cu:kugt'ab! Put some salt on the meat! 'An g 'ep ha vua'i g jevu! Put some more
soil on (it)! 'An g vua'i gda:m! Put it on top of it! M(<'am) g ha vua'i g cu'i-'asugal
vasib 'e! Put some powdered sugar in my drink! 'Evuhio g vua'i! Put it (powder) on
your face. Vuiyoka'i! Leave it (there) for a while! 'I 'ant o a(<va) 'i mvuiyoka'i. I'll
leave you here for a while. 'Am 'ant o a(<va) mvuiyok. I'll leave you there for a while.
gm hu vua VExpr tr Unit sgo (for plo see gm hu ul[i]g): to throw obj away
(habitually)
ex: Gm 'ant hu vua. I threw it away. M 'ant hu o vua. I'll throw it away. Gam g hu
vua'i! Throw it away!
ha'as vua VExpr tr Unit sgo (for plo see ha'as ulig): to accumulate obj
ex: jevu vi'umk 'ab vuhio ha'as vua ... (the wind) having blown dust accumulated it
on my face.
hebhu/heb hu vua VComp/Expr tr Unit (for Repet see hebhu/heb hu vu:pa) sgo (for
plo see hebhu/heb hu ulig): to lose obj
ex: Pt o hebhu vua. You(sg) are going to lose it. Heb 'ant hu vua. I lost it. Kutk 'an
aha(<haha) b(<vab) hebhu vua g 'oks g 'e'ailo. Then my wife (the wife) just lost her
ring (in the ocean).
hek vua VExpr tr Unit sgo (for plo see hek ulig): to waste obj
ex: T ab o hek vua. He will only waste it. 'Id 'o cum hekid hek vua g 'elialga. He
wastes his money constantly. Pi g 'am hek vuad g 'elialga! Don't be wasting your
money! Hek (<'a) vua g lialkaj. I wasted money on it. Napt hek vua g
'elialgakaj? Did you get your money's worth for it?
'i vua VExpr tr Unit (for Repet see 'i vu:pa) sgo: to throw obj down
ex: Heg 'at o 'i mvua. He (the horse) is going to throw you. ... 'am hab 'i vua hega'i
ki:. ... he knocked that house down. ... b(<vab) 'am a(<va) 'i vua 'ama'i. ... there,
he knocked him down completely. 'I 'at vuak 'an nda:m 'ekei. After throwing me,
he stepped on top of me.

vua V Unit (for Distr see vu:pa) sing (for mult see ulig): to make a basket (playing
basketball)
ex: B(<'ab) g hema vua'i! Make a basket!

vua g cevag VExpr [Neutr: def vu; imper sgs vua-]: to bring cloudiness
ex: Vua g cevag! Bring cloudiness!

vua g ju:k, VExpr [Neutr: def vua; hort vua[-'i]; imper sgs vua-]: to bring rain,
ex: Vua g ju:k! Bring rain! Ma:kai 'at o vua g ju:k. The medicine man will bring rain.

vua g 'eogivul VExpr [Neutr: def vua: hort vua[-'i]; imper sgs vua-. Correl: vuak;
immed: vua-ka-'i. Compl: vui-yok; immed: vui-yoka-'i. Interr vui-him; Correl: vui-him-k.
Dur: vui-hi-d; concurs vui-hi-d-c.]: to kick one's kicking ball
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vua
ex: ... k 'ab he'eskoji 'ab si vua hega'i ogivul. ... and from a certain distance, he kicked
his kicking ball hard this way. Vua g 'eogivul! Kick your kicking ball! 'Oi g
vua['i] g 'eogivul! Go ahead and kick your kicking ball! Tp 'amje me: hega'i
'o'odham vuihimk g 'eogivul. From there that man ran after kicking his kicking ball.
Tp 'amje vo:p vuihimk g 'eoogivul. From there they ran, each one after kicking his
kicking ball. ... vuihidc memea hasko 'am 'i hihhimadc. ... run (while) kicking it
wherever you are going. Nt o 'ip vuioka'i g nogivul. First I'll kick my kicking ball for
a while.

vua Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-vua; hort 'e-vua[-'i]. Correl: 'e-vua-k; immed: 'e-vua-ka-'i]: to
be put somewhere
ha'ap 'e-vua VExpr (for Repet see 'am ha'ap 'e-vu:pa): to project one's thoughts
into the past (same as 'u:pam [ha'ahog] 'e-vua)
'u:pam [ha'ahog] 'e-vua VExpr reflex: to project oneself back in the past (same as
'am ha'ap 'e-vua)
ex: Nt a(<va) 'im 'u:pam ha'ahog 'i vua. I relived the recent past. Nt a(<va) 'am
'u:pam 'i vua. I projected my thoughts in the distant past.

vua hab/has VExpr tr [Neutr: def, indef hab/has vua. Dur: hab/has vua-d. Interr: hab/has
vui-him]: with hab: to behave in a certain (specified) way toward obj reiteratedly or in a
customary way; with has: to behave in a certain (unspecified) way toward obj reiteratedly
or in a customary way
ex: a:p vua? What are you(sg) doing to it/him? a:p vua? What are you(sg) doing to
me? a:m vua? What are you(pl) doing to it/him? a:p havua? What are you(sg)
doing to them? ... hab ju: mac 'in g haiva-cu:kug hab vua. ... he did to it (the meat)
what we around here usually do to beef. 'Atp 'am has 'i vua 'am ki: 'ea. They do
certain things to her (copulate with her) in her house. ... hega'i 'oks ma 'am ta'i voodc
hab vua. ... that woman whom they (hearsay) do something to while she lays down on her
back. Heg g 'am hab 'i vuad! Be doing it (something specific) to him! -- M(<'am) g ab
hab 'i vuad! Keep on doing it (something specific) to it/him! Hua 'o hob(<hab) vua.
She is working on a basket. ia 'am hab havuihimc 'am 'i hana:to. Well, she worked
on them until she finished them.
ha'icu/hascu hab/has vua VExpr: to do something, to be busy, occupied
ex: P hascu has vuadc 'i hab da? What are you doing sitting here? P hascu has vua
a:vai 'e? What do you usually do on Saturday? M(<'am) 'atp hascu has 'i vua. They
are busy over there (doing something unknown to the speaker). Pi 'int(<'ant) ha'icu
has o vuad. I will not be doing anything. Nt o ha'icu has vuad. I'll be doing
something. Ha'icu 'o has vuihim. He has been doing something. Pi 'i(<'a) ha'icu
has a 'i vuihim tako. Yesterday I was doing absolutely nothing. Ha'icu 'o pi 'ap has
vua. He is doing something bad.
na:nko vua VExpr tr: to do all kinds of things to obj
ex: ... na:nko vua map 'am eid mo has masma hab cu'ig g 'a'al. ... they do to him all
kinds of things in the manner you see children behave (are like). ... 'atp 'am hi a(<va)
'i si na:nko hob(<hab) 'i vuihim hega'i ginsku c hega'i hodai. ... she had done all kinds
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vua

of things to those gins sticks and to that stone (so that they would always win).
pi 'ap has vua VExpr tr: to mistreat obj
ex: Pi 'o 'ap has vua. He mistreats me continually. Pi 'ap has vuihim. He has been
mistreating me.
'a'ai hab vua VExpr tr: to make obj sway
ex: Tp hems g hevel sgevkam o 'i mek ab 'in 'a'ai hab o vuad 'i:da'a do'ag. Perhaps
the wind, having blown hard, will just rock this mountain.

vua hab/has VExpr tr: to happen to obj

ex: 'A ko pi hekid ha'icu hab vua ma vacvi. But (surprise) never does anything (like
this) happen to me while I am swimming.

vua hab/has VExpr reflex [Neutr: indef hab/has 'e-vua. Dur: hab/has 'e-vua-d. Interr:
hab/has 'e-vui-him]: with hab: to behave in a certain (specified) way habitually; with has:
to behave in a certain (unspecified) way habitually, to happen to someone from his doing
ex: Hek 'a hu hab vua. I have already done it. a:p 'evua? What are you(sg) doing?
a:m 'evua? What are you(pl) doing? P has 'evua a:vai 'e? What do you(sg)
usually do on Saturday? ... 'am 'i scuk tp hab a(<va) 'eju: mo 'om(<'am) hab 'evua.
After dark they did what they usually do. B(<hab) 'o a(<va) 'evua g hemajkam. This is
what the people usually do. Mat hekid g hemajkam o si naumk pi 'i ma:c mo has 'i
'i(<'e)vua. When a person is completely drunk he does not know what he is doing. Tp
'am aha(<haha) has 'i 'ep 'evuihimc 'am 'ep da'ivu. Then again she did certain things
(unknown to speaker) until another one came out (another baby was born). B(<hab) g
'evuad! Be doing it (acting that way)! B(<hab) 'amt o 'o(<'e)vuadc hab o mu'ida. As
you(pl) are doing it (copulate) you will increase in number. hab 'evuadc 'an ab
ha'u'u hegam ha:pod. What he was doing (hearsay) was merely to grab those arrows.
'Ab hihimk 'ab hab he'esko 'i daha matp 'an hab 'evuadc 'an 'ema:k hega'i cu:kug. Having
come, they sit some distance away while what they (the people) are doing is to distribute
that meat among each other. a:cu 'um(<'am) has 'evuadc 'i a 'oiyopo? What are
you(pl) doing (being around) here? B(<hab) 'ac a(<va) tvuadc 'am hihhimc 'ab he'es 'i
'oiyopo heg'ab g do'ag c 'am 'ep hihhim ... It is our custom (what we usually do is) to go
there and stay for a while on that mountain and leave again ...
cum hab/has 'e-vua VExpr reflex: to exert oneself in vain
ex: ... cum ab has o 'o(<'e)vuad ... no matter what you'll be doing. ... 'am hab cum
vuihimc pi a 'i nnako mans 'am hab o ju:. ... in spite of my efforts (I exerted myself
in vain) I could not do it. ia tp 'am hab cum 'evuihim kutp 'i pi a 'i vam. Well, in
spite of their efforts she did not get up. ... 'am hi a(<va) 'i cum has 'evuihimc 'oia 'am
'i 'i:bamk 'am 'i mu: hega'i Ban. ... in spite of his efforts, Coyote then choked and died.
na:nko 'i 'e-vua VExpr reflex: to do all kinds of things/ one's various duties/ chores
ex: ... k hab ge cuhug 'am na:nko 'i 'i(<'e)vuihim ... and thus all night long they did all
kinds of things (as was customary).
s-ta-'e:bidam 'e-vua VExpr reflex: to behave in a frightening way
ex: M(<'am) 'u(<'o) a(<va) voho sta'e:bidam 'evua. Indeed she behaves in a frightening
way.
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vua/-vuad
s'ap hab 'e-vua VExpr reflex: to be doing fine
ex: Na 'am a(<va) s'ap hab vua? Am I doing well? Heu'u, s'ap 'ap hab 'evua. Yes,
you are doing fine.
o'ig 'e-vua VExpr reflex: to be taken advantage of
ex: M 'ap 'a:pi'i o'ig 'evua. You are being taken advantage of. o'ig 'evuadc mu'i
cikpan. He is being taken advantage of at work.
vab hab 'e-vua VExpr reflex Unit: to be pretending, acting up
ex: B(<hab) 'o ob(<vab) 'evua. He is just acting up.
vab hashu 'e-vua VExpr reflex Unit: to do something nonsensical, to misbehave
ex: 'Ep 'aptp a(<va) vab hashu 'evuac hab hehem. Again you must be misbehaving the
way you laugh! Nap ab hashu 'am 'evua? Are you misbehaving over there? Pi g
'am hu ab hashu 'evuad! Don't be misbehaving!
voho hab 'e-vua m- VExpr reflex: to act as if
ex: Tp a(<va) voho b(<hab) 'evua 'idam 'o'odham mo 'ob(<'ab) je: ... Indeed these
people act as if they were really smoking it ...
'a'ai hab 'e-vua VExpr reflex: to sway to and fro
ex: Pi 'ib(<'ab) hu ha gevkdag, (<ku) 'an 'a'ai hab 'evua. They have no strength, they
sway (hearsay) to and fro.

vua hab/has VExpr reflex: to be going on, happening, taking place habitually
ex: a: 'o 'am 'evua?/ K has 'am 'evua?/ a:cu 'o 'am has 'evua?/K hascu 'am has 'evua?
What is happening over there? ... 'an eid matp na:nko ha'icu 'i 'i(<'e)vua. ... he looks
at the various things that are going on. Kutp hems 'an ha'icu o has 'evuad. Maybe there
will be something going on there. T hascu has o 'i 'i(<'e)vuad a:vai 'e? What do you
hear will be going on Saturday? ... tp 'ab hab 'evua g pictures. ... pictures appear (are
going on) in there (in the slot machine). ... mat 'ab 'amje na:to g jevu mo 'on(<'an)
hab 'evua hemu. ... from it he made the world as it exists (is going on) now. ... 'im hu
ha'ap 'am hab 'evua g cikpan. ... in that direction there is work (work is going on). ...
'am hek hu hub(<hab) 'evua g e'i tp dada. ... already the dancing was taking place when
they arrived

vua hab VExpr reflex impers: the thing to be done is (with relative clause)
ex: ... c ababa hab 'evua mamt 'am o hema hi:. ... but the thing to be done is for one of
you to go there. B(<hab) a 'i 'evua matt 'ida 'am a(<va) tna:to. The only thing to be
done is for us to get started now. ... c hekaj hab a 'i 'evua mamt 'am o hema me: hemu.
... and therefore the only thing to be done is for one of you to run there right away.
Begi kc hab a 'i 'evua mattp 'am a(<va) has masma vo ho(<ha)'ui hegam. Well, and the
only thing to be done is for us to get them somehow.

vuad hab VExpr reflex [Dur: 'e-vuada-d]: to pretend, to act as if

ex: Kumt hab 'i v(<vo) va 'evuadad mamt 'ab o je:id. You(pl) will pretend that you are
smoking it.
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-vuadam/ vu

-vuadam in cevagi-vuadam NComp aggreg: rain maker(s)

-vuadam in cu'ijig-hab-vuadam NComp aggreg: sinner(s)

-vuadam in cu'i-vuadam NComp: corn meal thrower (the man who throws corn
meal on people during the Vi:gida ceremony)

-vuadam in ju:ki-vuadam NComp aggreg: rain maker(s)

Vuaga N: girl's puberty

Vuaga e'i NExpr(?) indiv [pl: Vuaga e'ei]: Vuaga song and dance
ex: Nap sma:c 'i:da'a Vuaga e'i? Do you(sg) know this Vuaga song and dance? Nap
ha'i shama:c g Vuaga e'ei? Do you(sg) know some Vuaga songs and dances?

vuagame Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see vuagop) [Neutr: def vuagam]: to die (to go to a
girl's puberty ceremony)

vuagid Vreflex impers [Neutr: def 'e-vuag]: to take place (about a girl's puberty
ceremony)
ex: T o 'o(<'e)vuag 'am 'Ak Ci 'am. There is going (hearsay) to be a girl's puberty
ceremony at 'Ak Ci.

Vuagida N: girl's puberty ceremony

ex: Napt ha ei g Vuagida? Did you ever see a girl's puberty ceremony?

vuagop Vintr pls (for sgs see vuagame) [Neutr: def vuago]: to die (to go to a girl's
puberty ceremony)

vu, u, , d Part: to be
ex: Skeg u 'uv. She is a beautiful woman. Skeg u 'u'uv g 'a'alidaj. His daughters
(children) are beautiful women. Nap s'ap u viappoi? Are you a good boy? S'ap 'a
u viappoi. I am a good boy. Nt o s'ap u viappoik. I will be a good boy. Nap u
s'ap viappoikahim? Have you been a good boy? D(<vu) 'o 'ega. It is mine.
D(<vu) 'o 'egaj. It is his. Kut u o m'egak. It will be yours. Kut u o 'egajk. It
will be his. B(<hab) ge ma:s mo (<vu) ab hohodai. They look just like stones.
'Am heba'i ki: 'ama'i mac hab 'a'aga ma u Ha:a Ke:k 'i hab ha'ap. She lived
somewhere on this side of what we call Ha:a Ke:k. Hek hu hab 'a'aga g 'o'odham
ha'icu mo g ki: 'ab hekaj 'ekukpa (<ma) u epa. People used to call that with which a
house is closed epa. Ha'icu 'a u sbai-cu'i. It is something called pinole (cooked
flour). Ku 'am hu heba'i ki: mac hab 'a'aga ma ha'icu u Siva-Ma:kai. Somewhere
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vu/ vuacug

lives a being whom we call Siva-Ma:kai. D(<vu) 'a vestmn 'ahidag. I am ten years
old. Do:p u? Who are you(sg)? Do: vu? Who is he? D(<vu) 'o tkovnalig. He
is our headman. Do: (<vu) ki: hega'i? Whose house is that? D(<vu) 'o ki:. It is
my house. Hei u 'alicu? Who is the youngest? a: 'o mas u 'o'odham? What
kind of a man is he? D(<vu) 'ant o 'a:i'ik. It will be me. 'A:i 'ant u ok. I will be
the one. Nat 'am o 'a:g matp hascu u o 'ik. Is he going to tell me what it will be?
...t a(<va) 'ab o je: mas hascu u ok. ... that we should taste what it is. Tp 'ea gm hu
u 'i mat hab 'i hu:kak 'ab 'i hio ha'icu. It was the time when it gets warmer and things
are in bloom.

vu- Vtr Unit (for Repet see vupa) sgo and sing (for plo and mult see vu:p[u])
[Neutr: def vu:; hort vu:; imper sgs vua-, pls vu-vo. Correl: vu-k; immed: vu-ka-'i.
Compl: vu-ok; immed: vu-oka-'i]: to tie a rope around obj, to tie obj with a rope; to tie
obj together into a bundle; to bandage obj
ex: Hascu 'a:gk pi vu: g 'eoiga? Why didn't you tie your pet (horse)? Nt o vu: g a'i. I'll
tie a bale of hay. .. 'in vu: g cuk vijina. .. he tied a black rope (around himself). heg
'im aha(<haha) voi 'e'o: 'am k 'an si vu: 'e'ea. ... then he laid that on his back and tied it
firmly around himself. Vua! Put a rope around it/him! Vua g kakioj! Tie his
legs together! Vua g 'e'i'iks! Make a bundle of your bedding! N(<'an) g vu:! Put
a rope around it/him! M(<'am) g vu: g sbibtag! Make a bundle of dirty clothes!
Vuk o 'i vackvak o vul. Put a rope around him, pull at him and tie him.
'olatk vu- VExpr tr: to hogtie obj

vua N: act of roping, tying something

ex: Nap sma:c g vua? Do you know how to rope?

vua N inalien indiv [pl: vu:p[u]a]: bundle being tied or having just been tied

vua vu Stat Expr sg [pl: vu vu:p[u]a]: to be a bundle

ex: 'A:i 'o (<vu) vua. It is my (emphatic) bundle. 'A:i 'o (vu) vu:pua. They
are my (emphatic) bundles.

vuac see Vtr vuacug= to carry obj tied in a bundle

vuac semi Stat tr sing (for mult see vu:p[u]ac) [Neutr: def, hort and indef vuac.
Dur : vuaci-d. Interr: vuac=ka-him]: to have obj tied into one bundle
ex: N(<'an) g ab(<vab) 'i vuacid! Keep it/him tied!

vuacug Vtr sing [Neutr: def vuac; hort and indef vuacug]: to carry obj tied in a
bundle
ex: 'Apt 'oi vo namk 'i:da'a ma a(<va) vuacug! You go ahead and match this which I
am carrying tied in a bundle!
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vuaag/ vuhak
vuaag s- Stat sg (pls: s-vupaag): to be good at roping
ex: Heg 'o svuaag. He is good at roping.

vuaag s-ta- Stat sg (pl: s-ta-vupaag): to be really good at roping

vuakam s- N subst: one good at roping

vua[i]mk s- Stat tr: to be anxious to put a rope around obj

ex: Heg 'an 'a svuaimk. That one (a horse) is the one I like as a mount (I want to put a
rope around him).

vuaj see Vdtr vuaj[i]d= to rope obj for somebody

vuaj[i]d Vdtr Unit (for Repet see vupajid) sgo (for plo see vu:p[u]ajid) [Neutr:
def vuaj; hort vuajid]: to rope obj for somebody
ex: Nt o mvuaj g mvisiloga. I will rope your calf for you(sg). Nt o mvu:puaj. I will
rope them for you(sg). --N(<'an) g ab(<vab) 'i vuajid! Just rope it for me!

vuaku N inalien indiv [pl: vu:puaku]: something (such as a rope, string, wire, or
rag) to tie something with
kahio vuaku NExpr inalien [sg (3rd pers sg kakio-j vuaku); pl: kakio
vu:puaku; distr: kakkio vu:puaku]: garter
aliv vuaku NExpr inalien [3rd pers sg al[i]vi-j vuaku]: string or rope used as a
belt for one's pants
'ipu vuaku NExpr inalien: string or rope used as a belt for one's skirt

vuamag s- Stat: to be one who likes to rope

vumakam s- N subst: one who likes to rope

vuha see Vtr vuhan= to wake up obj

vuha see Vintr vuhak= to get out; to come out of the ground; to show up; to be born

vuhaidag in ha'icu vuhaidag NExpr: new shoots, young branches

'u:pa-vuhaidag NComp(?): catclaw new shoots

vuhaidaj N: new shoots, young branches of a specified plant (its new shoots)

vuhak Vintr Unit (for Repet see vuhhak) pls (for sgs see vu:a) [Neutr: def vuha;
indef vuhak; hort vuhak; imper vuhaki-o; concurs: vuhak-c. Correl: vuha-k; immed:
vuha-ka-'i. Compl: vuha-yok/vuhaki-ok; immed: vuha-yoka-'i/vuhaki-oka-'i. Interr:
vuhak-him. Dur: vuhaka-d]: to get out, to come out; to show up; to be born
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vuhak/ vuhasidam
ex: Vuhakio! Come out! M g hu o kia 'i vuhak! Get out for a while! ... 'ab 'i vuhak
'ab 'i dahaiva. ... having gotten out they sat down. ia matp 'am aha(<haha) 'i vuhak
'amje aha(<haha) 'ep hihi. Well, then they got out of there and then from there they
walked again. ... 'e'a'alga pi ha'eag mo pi 'i vuhak hi a(<va) hab a'a(<va'a). ... they
did not find their children who do not show up at all. 'Am hab ju: mo 'om(<'am)
b(<hab) aha(<haha) vua g hemajkam c 'ab 'amje 'i vuhak g 'ali. He did what people
usually do and as a consequence of which children are born. ... c 'am va:pk heg'ea ciho
an 'i 'ep vuhakc 'am 'ep va:pk. ... and they go into that cave, and they come out again and
they go in again. M(<'am) g o ob(<vab) 'i vuhakadc 'ab 'ep 'i va:pkad! You(pl) keep
on going out and in!

vuhak Vintr [Neutr: def vuha; indef vuhak. Interr: vuhak-him]: to grow from the ground
up; to shoot upward/ outward
ex: Mat hekid 'ab o 'i vuha g habahidag kumt o smai mo g toabk 'emiabidkahim. When
their fruits (of the saguaro) come out, you(pl) will know that summer is approaching.
Vuha 'atk g 'e'es. My plants have come out of the ground. He'es 'i ce'ecev vo vuha
hega'i ha'icu mat o vu:. They will grow a certain height those things that grow there.
Vuhakhim 'o. They are coming out of the ground (with interruptions). K hekid 'i
vuhak? When does it (corn) come out? Hegam ma:hagam-'us pi 'i hu vuhak 'i:ya'a.
Palm trees do not grow here.

vuhak Vintr impers [Neutr: def vuha]: to make sense

ex: Pt o 'i mamcek 'am o 'i 'oidahi, t o a(<va) 'i vuha. Study it, figure out the logic of it, it
will make sense. B(<vab) ge 'i vuhakhim g i'ok. The words are beginning to make
sense.

vuhan Vtr sgo (for plo see vu:pan) [Neutr: def vuha; hort vuhan; imper sgs vuhana-.
Correl: vuhan-k; immed: vuhan-ka-'i. Compl: vuhan-ok; immed: vuhan-oka-'i]: to wake
up obj once
ex: Pt o vuha. You(sg) will wake me up. M(<'am) g vuhan! Wake him up (go there
and wake him up)! B(<'ab) g 'i vuhan! Wake him up (and make him come here)!

vuhasid Vtr Unit (for Repet see vuhhasid) plo (for sgo see vu:[a]d) [Neutr: def
vuhas; hort vuhasid. Correl: vuhasid-k; immed: vuhasid-ka-'i. Compl: vuhasid-ok;
immed: vuhasid-oka-'i]: to take obj out
ex: ... 'am hab aha(<haha) 'i havuhas. ... then he took them (the rabbits) out (of the pot).
... 'am 'i havuhas g 'eko'odc. ... he took his kills out. ... k 'ab hab 'i vuhas hega'i
cu:kug. ... after that they took the pieces of meat out (of the cave). 'E-'et-'ai g ta mat
'i o 'i 'emvuhas 'i:ya'a. The day has come when they will (hearsay) take you(pl) out of
there. M(<'am) g 'i havuhasid! Be taking them out! ... 'am aha(<haha) 'i vuhasidk
'ab si ki'iva. ... then having taken them out he chewed them.

vuhasidam s- V subst tr plo (for sgo see s-vu:dam): to feel like taking obj out
ex: Cum 'a hi a(<va) 'i shavuhasidam. I was planning to take them out (but I did not)
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vuhasidma/ vuhio-

vuhasidma s- V subst tr plo (for sgo see s-vu:adma): to appear to have taken obj
out

vuhhak Vintr Repet (for Unit see vuhak) [Neutr: indef vuhhak]: to come out
repeatedly
ex: Hegam mo 'an 'i vuhhak mat o scuk mo 'ab 'al tohonno. (Stars are) those which come
out when it is dark, and which kind of twinkle up there (in the sky).

vuhhasid Vtr Repet (for Unit see vuhasid) plo (for sgo see vuad) [Neutr: indef
vuhhasid. Dur: vuhhasida-d]: to take obj out repeatedly
ex: P hekid 'i havuhhasid? When do you take them out? Nt o 'i havuhhasidad. I'll keep
on taking them out repeatedly.

vu[h]i N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg vuhi-j, vuhi-; instr: vui-kaj); pl: vu:pui]: eye
ex: 'ab vuhi 'ab= on his eye 'Ac eid g tvu:puikaj. We see with our eyes.--Pt o 'i cui
g 'evuhi! Wink once! M g 'i cuiu g 'evuhi! Why don't you wink once!

vuhi N indiv [pl: vu:pui]: eye, knot, ring (of a plant)

vuhi Stat sing [mult: vu:pui]: to have an eye, a knot, a ring (for a plant)
ex: Ge vuhi g huk. The board has a knot (unexpectedly).

vuhi-bi:t NComp inalien [3rd pers sg vuhi-bi:ta-j]: eye smear

vuhi-bi:t s- StatComp: to have a lot of eye smear

ex: a 'i svuhi-bi:t. He has a lot of eye smear.

vuhinova Vtr Unit (for Repet see vuhinovup) sgs (for pls see vu:puihova): to
winnow obj with a basket
ex: Pi 'ipt(<'apt) voho vo vuhinova, 'a:i 'ant o vuhinova mat ab o 'i 'enapaka. Don't
winnow it, I'll winnow it so that it will just get mashed.

vuhinovup Vtr Repet (for Unit see vuhinova) sgs (for pls see vu:puinovup): to
winnow obj repeatedly

vuhio Postp [dist: vu:pio]: on the face of obj

ex: 'Evuhio g vua'i! Put it on your face! 'Apt o 'i 'i(<'e)huhu 'ab 'evuhio. You will rub
(cream) on your face. Si na:nko masma 'ab 'o'oho 'ab vuhio hega'i 'uv. He painted all
kinds of designs on the face of that woman. 'Evu:pio 'omt(<'amt) o vua! Each one of
you will put it (powder) on your face!

vuhio-vakonaku NComp inalien indiv: wash basin (same as vuhioa-vakonaku)

 382

vuhioa/ vui

vuhioa N indiv inalien [sg (3rd pers sg vuhioa-j); pl: vu:pioa]: face
ex: Si na:nko masma 'ab ha'o'oho havu:pioa 'ab hegam 'u'uv. He painted all kinds of
designs on the faces of those women.

vuhioa N indiv alien: mask

ban-vuhioa NComp alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg ban-vuhioa=ga-j); pl: ba:ban-
vu:pioa]: hoe (coyote's face)
kokoi-vuhioa NComp: Halloween mask
pako'ola-vuhioa NComp: Pascola dancer's mask
vi:im-vuhioa NComp alien: Vi:gida dancer's mask

vuhioa-vakonaku NComp inalien indiv [pl: vuhioa-vapkonaku]: wash basin

(same as vuhio-vakonaku)

vui Postp [distr: vu'uvui]: to, toward, facing, obj

ex: ... k hab kaij 'am vui g Malya... ... and he says to Mary ... B(<hab) 'o kaij 'am vui g
'epionag ... He says to his servant ... Kutt 'i a dadak 'am o si has 'i 'el 'am vui g Jesus ...
We came here in order to praise Jesus ... S'ap ta:hadkam 'an jevu da:m 'am havui g
ves hemajkam! Peace on earth to all people! Heg 'o scekaidag 'am havui g 'ege'egega.
He is obedient to his parents. Pt 'am o jiva hegvui hega'i 'uv. You(sg) will go to that
woman. ... g hu jiva vui hega'i 'eve:m-ki:kam. ... he got back to his wife. Pt 'am o
jiva gvui hega'i. You will get to him. 'Am 'ant gvui vo hi:. I will go to him. ... mat
'am vo:p mamaaj havui. ... that they ran to her sons. M g 'i 'u'icug 'am gvui! Take them
to him! Gam g hu him Sisters haki: vui! Go over to the Sisters' house! 'Im 'atp hab
hi a(<va) hihi si'alig vui. They might very well have gone toward the east. Nt o hi:
gvui mo 'om(<'am) 'onag. I'll go where there is salt. Mamt o hihi 'am gvui mam heba'i
'i(<'e)'elid mamt 'am o hihi. You(pl) will go where you(pl) intend to go. Shoho'id 'a
mant o hi: 'am Cuk-on vui. I'd like to go to Tucson. ku 'ab vui da hega'i 'al viappoi.
..the boy is sitting facing him. 'i hab a 'i vui hema 'ep ke:k. .. just a little way facing it,
there stands another one (a mountain). .. scuhugam o dahak tai vui g hu ki:c'ea. ..at
night they sit facing the fire inside the house. M 'o (<vud) she:kig ha'icu 'am ves
hemajkam havui. It is happiness for all the people. Pi g 'am sbagak 'ab vui! Don't be
angry with me! Napt hig pi 'am a(<va) shoho'i 'ab vui g hemako s'uamcu? Didn't you
fully agree with me (that it would be) one copper? B(<'ab) 'o vui cikpan. He works
for me. 'aliga, a:cu 'upt 'a:gk hab 'eju: 'ab tvui? My child, why did you treat us that
way (behave thus toward us)? B(<hab) 'o kaij 'ab 'a'ai 'evui ... They say to one another
... 'Evui eiok. They talked to each other (in one group). 'Evu'uvui eiok. They
talk to each other (in several groups).

vui in N vui VExpr subst: to go to

ex: Nt o ki: vui. I'll go to my house. Nt o ciop vui. I'll go to church. Tako 'att
mu'ij thaon vui. Yesterday many of us went to town. Hekid 'o (<vu) 'i si m'oidckam
mapt 'am 'i Cuk-on vui? When was the last time that you went to Tucson?
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vui/ vuidkam

vui in si'al-vui subst VComp (?): to die (to go east)

ex: Nt o si'al-vui. I'll die.

vuic see Vtr vuicud= to play kickball against

vuic see Vreflex 'e-vuicud= to practice playing kickball
vuic see Vreflex impers 'e-vuicud= to take place (about a kickball game)

vuicud Vtr [Neutr: def vuic; hort and indef vuicud]: to play kickball against obj
ex: Nt o mvuic. I'll play kickball against you(sg).

vuicud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-vuic; hort and indef 'e-vuicud]: to practice playing
kickball
ex: Nt o vuic. I'll practice playing kickball. Cum hekid 'a vuicud sisialmad. I
practice playing kickball every morning.

vuicud Vreflex impers [Neutr: def 'e-vuic; indef 'e-vuicud]: to take place (about a
kickball game)
ex: T o 'o(<'e)vuic. There is going to be (hearsay) a kickball game. T hekid o 'i
'evuic? When is the kickball game going to take place? Hekid 'i 'i(<'e)vuicud? When is
there (usually) a kickball game?

vuicuda N: kickball game

ex: Nap heba'i 'i ha eid g vuicuda? Have you ever seen a kickball game?

vuicudam 'e- N subst: kickball players competing against each other

vuicudame Vtr Unit sgs (for pls see vuicudop) [Neutr: def vuicudam]: to go and
play kickball against obj

vuicudop Vtr pls (for sg see vuicudame) [Neutr: def and hort vuicudo]: to go and
play kickball against obj
ex: T o ho(<ha)vuicudo. They are going to (hearsay) go and play kickball against them.

vuidag s- Stat: to be good at playing kickball

ex: Heg 'o svuidag. He is good at playing kickball.

vuidkam s- N subst aggreg: one good at playing kickball

vuidkam vu s- Stat Expr: to be one good at playing kickball

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) svuidkam. He is a good kickball player. Hegam 'o (<vu)
svuidkam. They are good kickball players.
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vuihom/ vuiko

vuihom N [distr: vupuihom]: thunder, lightning

ex: S'e:bid 'a g vuihom. I am afraid of thunder.

vuihom-'u:dag NComp sg inalien or alien [sg (1st pers sg -vuihom-'u:dag[=ga]);

pl: vuihom-'u'udag]: name of certain rocks (which have the shape of arrowheads, 'u:,
and are said to be found in places where lightning, vuihom, has struck)

vuij Adv: to, toward

vuij iokVExpr: to do the talking
ex: Cum hekid 'a hi ab(<vab) a(<va) vuij iok. I always do all the talking.

vuij see Vdtr vuijid= to send obj in somebody's way, to throw obj to somebody

vuij[i]d Vdtr sgo (for plo see ul[i]gid) [Neutr: def vuij; hort vuijid]: to send obj in
somebody's way; to throw obj to somebody
ex: T 'am hab aha(<haha) havuij g ju:k. Then he sent them rain. Havuij g bihugig. He
sent them starvation. M(<'am) g vuijid g bihugig! Send him starvation!

vuikam N subst sing [mult: vu:puikam]: one with an eye

ex: hemako vuikam= one eyed one cehedag vu:puikam= one with pale blue eyes
scehedag vu:puikam= one with deep blue eyes 'u'am vu:puikam= one with light
brown eyes s'u'am vu:puikam= one with golden (bright yellow) eyes cuck
vu:puikam= one with dark eyes o'oovick vu:puikam= one with slanted eyes
ci:nokaj vu:puikam= one with eyes like a Chinaman.

vuikam vu Stat Expr tr: to be for, suitable to, peculiar to, obj
ex: No 'id u vuikam? Is this for me? 'At u o havuikamk g ves hemajkam. It will be
for all the people. Cioj 'o (<vu) vuikam. It is suitable (only) for a young man. Pi
'o (<vu) mvuikam. It is not suitable for you. Mu'i 'o'odham 'o (<vu) havuikam. It
takes a lot of people to do it (it is suitable for many people). ... g hodai matp hab u si
'a:ga, matp heg u vuikam hega'i mat 'am hekaj o 'o(<'e)ohi g ginku... ... a stone
which is a special one, whose function is to hit the gins sticks with

vuikam Stat tr: to be for obj

ex: Ge mu'i 'o'odham havuikam hega'i. It takes an unusual amount of people to do it.

vuikon (elis of *vuhikon) Vtr [Neutr: def vuiko]: to glance at obj once
ex: Nt ab (<vab) a(<va) vuiko. I glanced at him.

vuiko (elis of *vuhiko) Vtr [Neutr: indef vuiko. Dur: vuikoad]: to glance at obj
several times in a row
ex: Pi g 'ab hu vuikoad! Don't be glancing at him continually!
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vuikko/ Vulda

vuikko see Vtr vuikko= to make obj blink

vuikko (elis of *vuhikko) Vtr [Neutr: def vuikko; indef and hort vuikko. Dur:
vuikkoa-d]: to make obj blink several times (by shining a light in their eyes)
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)vuikko hegam. I'll make them blink (once). Heg 'o 'ob(<'ab) si
vuikko. He is making me blink a lot. Pi g 'ab hu vuikkoad! Don't make me blink
continually!

vuioka'i see Vtr vua= to put obj (somewhere)

vuioka'i see VExpr vua g 'e-ogivul= to kick one's kicking ball

vuipo (elis of *vuhipo) N inalien aggreg [distr: vu:puipo]: eyelash(es); eyebrow(s)

vuic semi Stat reflex sing (for mult see 'e-vu:puic) [Neutr: def hort and indef 'e-
vuic. Dur: 'e-vuici-d. Interr: 'e-vuic=ka-him]: to have one eye closed
ex: G ab 'i 'i(<'e)vuicid! Just keep your eye closed!

vuip Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-vuiap) sgs (for pls see 'e-vu:puip) [Neutr:
def 'e-vui, hort 'e-vu:ip]: to close one eye (as when winking)
ex: Vo 'i 'i(<'e)vui. You will close one eye. 'I 'i(<'e)vuip! Close one eye!

vuipi'ok (elis of *vuhipi'ok) Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-vu:puipi'ok) [Neutr:
def 'e-vuipi'o; hort 'e-vuipi'ok]: to open one eye (while keeping the other eye closed)
ex: G 'i 'i(<'e)vuipi'ok! Open one eye!

vuipi'okc semi Stat reflex sing (for mult see 'e-vu:puipi'okc): to have one eye
open (while the other eye is closed)

vuiap Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-vuip) sgs [Neutr: indef 'e-vuiap. Dur: 'e-
vuiapa-d]: to close and open one eye repeatedly (as when winking)

vul see Vdtr vul[i]d= to tie obj for somebody

vul see Vreflex 'e-vul[i]d= to take place (ceremony in honor of the Enemy Killers)

vul Stat sing [mult: vu:pul]: to be tied together in a bundle

ex: Sbibtag 'om(<'am) hek hu vul. The dirty clothes are already tied in a bundle.
M(<'am) hek hu vu:pul. They are already tied in bundles.

Vulda N: victory celebration in honor of the Enemy Killers

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vuldaku/ vulp

vuldaku N: place where people meet to celebrate in honor of the Enemy Killers (it is
the place where enemy scalps are tied up with eagle down, and then put in the Sacred
Basket)

vul[i]d Vdtr Unit (for Repet see vuplid) sgo (for plo see vu:pulid) [Neutr: def vul;
hort vulid]: to tie obj for somebody
ex: (<'a) g vulid! Tie it for me! 'Oi g vulid g na'iga! Go ahead, bale my hay for
me! B(<'ab) g vulid g nu:k! Tie my shoe for me!

vul[i]d Vreflex impers [Neutr: def 'e-vul]: to take place (about a ceremony in honor of
the Enemy Killers, ceremony during which enemy scalps are tied together with eagle
down and put in the Sacred Basket)
ex: T o 'o(<'e)vul. There is going to be (hearsay) a victory celebration.

vulim in a'i-vulim NComp indiv [pl: a'i-vu:p[u]lim]: bale of hay

vulku N inalien indiv [pl: vupulku]: cradleboard (basketry cradleboard covered with
buckskin or willow bark)

vul see Vtr vulp= to tie up obj

vulc semi Stat tr sgo (for plo see vupulc) [Neutr: def, hort and indef vulc. Dur:
vulci-d. Interr: vulc=ka-him]: to have obj tied
ex: Nap vulc g 'ekavyu? Do you have your horse tied (to something)? M(<'am) 'ant ab
o 'i vulc hega'i noiga kuit'ab. I'll just have my horse (pet) tied to the tree.

vulc semi Stat reflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vupulc) [Neutr: def, hort and indef 'e-vulc]:
to have a credit account, to run up a debt
ex: Nap 'ab 'evulc? Do you(sg) have a credit account there? Heu'u, b(<'ab) 'a vulc.
Yes, I have a credit account there.

vulp Vtr Unit (for Repet see vulap) sgo (for plo see vupulp-) [Neutr: def vul;
hort vulp; imper sgs vulpa-]: to tie obj (to something)
ex: B(<'ab) g vulp g kavyu 'u:st'ab! Tie the horse to the tree! Pi g 'i hu vulp 'i:ya'a!
Don't tie it here (to something)!

vulp- Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vupulp-) [Neutr: def 'e-vul]: to tie oneself (to
something)
ex: Ban 'atk 'i(<'e)vul 'ab 'u:s-onjunt'aba'i. Coyote roped himself around the post.

vulp Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-vupulp) [Neutr: def 'e-vul; hort 'e-vulp; indef 'e-
vulp]: to buy on credit, run up a bill (tie oneself to)
 387

vulp/ vupa

ex: Nt ab 'ep o vul. I will just buy on credit again. Pi 'i(<'a) hekid vulp. I never
buy on credit. Cum 'a vulpahimc hemu aha(<haha) pi 'i hu vulp. I used to buy on
credit but now I don't.

vulpa N: act of tying

vulpa N inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: -vulpa); pl: vupulpa]: something (a horse)
tied

vulpaag N inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -vulpaag); pl: vupulpaag]: debt

vulpid Vdtr sgo (for plo see vupulpid) [Neutr: def vulp; hort vulpid]: to tie obj
(to something) for somebody
ex: G vulpid 'ab kuit'ab! Tie it for me to the tree!

vulpi'o see Vtr vulpi'ok= to untie obj (tied to something)

vulpi'ok Vtr sgo (for plo see vupulpi'ok) [Neutr: def vulpi'o; hort vulpi'ok]: to
untie obj (tied to something)

vulp see Vdtr vulpid= to tie obj (to something) for somebody

vulp Stat [pls: vupulp]: to be tied (to something)

ex: Vulp g kavyu 'ab kuit'ab. The horse is tied to the tree. Vupulp 'o g kakavyu 'ab
kukuit'ab. The horses are tied to various trees.

vulap Vtr Repet (for Unit see vulp-) sgo (for plo see vupulap) [Neutr: indef
vulap]: to tie obj (to something) repeatedly
ex: Vulap 'a g noiga. I tie my horse (to something) each time.

vupa Vtr sgo (for plo see vu:pa) [Neutr: indef vupa. Dur: vupaa-d]: to wake up obj
reiteratedly
ex: 'Id 'o pi vahammig sisialmad, (<'a) ab vupa. He does not wake up in the morning,
I have to (I just) wake him up. M(<'am) 'a cum vupa. I can't manage to wake him up
(l repeatedly failed to wake him up).

vupa Vtr Repet (for Unit see vu) [Neutr: indef vupa]: to tie a rope around obj, to tie
obj with a rope, repeatedly
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) hekid 'an hu vupa. I never put a rope around it/him.

vupa Vtr [Neutr: def and indef vupa]: to rope obj, throw a rope at obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)vupa g vipsiloga. I will rope my wild calves.
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vupaj[i]d/ vupulc

vupaj[i]d Vdtr Repet (for Unit see vuaj[i]d): to rope obj for somebody repeatedly
ex: 'A mvupajid hega'i mvisiloga. I am the one who ropes your calf for you.

vupa[i]mcud s-Vtr impers [Neutr: def s-vupaimc]: to make obj feel like roping smth
ex: Svupaimc ['at]. I feel like roping it.

vupiosig N: eye disease, eye sickness

ex: Vupiosig 'a 'ab him. The eye sickness is coming (hearsay) this way.

vuplid Vdtr Repet (for Unit see vul[i]d) sgo: to tie obj for somebody repeatedly
ex: vuplid 'o g na'iga. He is the one who bales my hay for me.

vupli'ok Vtr Repet (for Unit see vu'lok) sgo: to untie obj
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) a 'i 'ap vupli'ok. I can never manage to untie it (I do not untie it well).

vuplo see N vu:lo= donkey

vuplo see N vu:lo= bench
vuploga see Stat vu:loga= to have a donkey

vupsot Vtr plo (for sgo see vusot) [Neutr: def vupso; hort vupsot]: to blow on obj

vupsotaku see N vusotaku= harmonica

vupuihom see N vuihom= thunder

vupuist Vtr impers [Neutr: def vupuist. Interr: vupuista-him]: to make obj get an eye
disease (same as vu:pio)
ex: Vupuist 'atk. He caught an eye disease. vupuist 'atk. I caught an eye disease.
Havupuist 'atk. They caught an eye disease.

vupuistaku (dial: vupiostaku) N aggreg: a flower (red bugles; also called hevel-
'e'es)

vupulku see N vulku= cradleboard

vupulc semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see vulc) [Neutr: def, indef and hort vupulc. Dur:
vupulci-d]: to have obj tied
ex: N(<'an) g ab 'i havupulcid! Keep them tied (to something)!

vupulc semi Stat reflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vulc) [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'e-
vupulc]: to have a credit account, to run up a debt
ex: Nam 'ab 'evupulc? Do you(pl) have a credit account there?
 389

vupulp-/ vusot

vupulp- Vtr Unit (for Repet see vupulap) plo (for sgo see vulp-) [Neutr: def
vupul; hort vupulp]: to tie obj (to something)
ex: 'I 'ant o ho(<ha)vupul. I'll tie them right here (to something).

vupulp- Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vulp-) [Neutr: def 'e-vupul]: to tie oneselves (to
something)

vupulp Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vulp) [Neutr: def 'e-vupul; indef 'e-vupulp]: to
buy on credit, run up a bill
ex: Mt ab o 'o(<'e)vupul. Just buy on credit (you pl).

vupulpa see N vulpa= something tied to

vupulpaag see N vulpaag= debt

vupulpid Vdtr plo (for sgo see vulpid) [Neutr: def vupulp; hort vupulpid]: to tie
obj (to something) for somebody

vupulpi'ok Vtr plo (for sgo see vulpi'ok) [Neutr: def vupulpi'o; hort vupulpi'ok]:
to untie obj (tied to something)
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)vupulpi'o. I will untie them.

vupulp see Stat vulp= to be tied to

vupulap Vtr Repet (for Unit see vupulp-) plo (for sgo see vulap) [Neutr: indef
vupulap]: to tie obj (to something) repeatedly
ex: 'I 'a havupulap g nooiga. I usually tie up my horses here.

vusckva Vtr Unit [Neutr: def and hort vusckva]: to blow obj off
ex: Pt o vusckva. You(sg) will blow it off. Si vusckva g jevu 'an mi:sa da:m! Blow
the dust off the table!

vuscul see Vtr vuscul[i]g= to blow obj away

vuscul[i]g Vtr [Neutr: def vuscul; hort and indef vusculig]: to blow obj away
ex: Nt o vuscul g jevu. I'll blow the dust away. Gam g hu 'i vusculig! Blow it away!
'Ab hu ab vusculig g mu:. She just blows the beans away (instead of just the leaves
and dirt which are with the beans).

vuso see Vtr vusot= to blow on obj

vusot Vtr sgo (for plo see vupsot) [Neutr: def vuso; hort vusot. Correl: vusot-k;
immed: vusot-ka-'i. Dur: vusota-d]: to blow on obj
 390

vusot/ vu'lok
ex: Nt o vuso g kanjul k o cui. I'll blow out the candle (I'll blow on the candle and will
put it out). 'Ant o a(<va) 'i vuso. I'll blow on it (a fire which does not burn well). 'I
vusot! Blow on it! B(<'ab) g si vusot g kanjul k cu:! Blow hard on the candle and put
it out! B(<vab) o 'i vusotad! Keep on blowing on it!
ha vusot VExpr tr [Neutr: def ha vuso; hort ha vusot]: to perform ceremonial breathing
on obj (to blow some on obj)
ex: Nt o ho(<ha) vuso. I'll purify him. 'Oi g ha vusot! Do purify him!

vusotaku N inalien indiv [pl: vupsotaku]: harmonica

vusotame in ha vusotame VExpr tr Unit [Neutr: def ha vusotam]: to go and

perform ceremonial breathing on obj (to go and breathe some on obj)
ex: Nt o ho(<ha) vusotam. I'll go and perform ceremonial breathing on him.

vusta Vtr [Neutr: def and hort vusta]: to blow little puffs hard and fast on obj (same
as vustan)
ex: N(<'an) g 'i vusta! Blow little puffs on it hard and fast! Nt o 'i vusta. I'll blow
little puffs on it hard and fast.

vustan Vtr [Neutr: def hort and indef vustan]: to blow little puffs hard and fast on obj
(same as vusta)
ex: N(<'an) g 'i vustan! Blow little puffs on it! Nt o 'i vustan. I'll blow little puffs on it.
Si tvustan. He is blowing hard little puffs on us.

vuke Vintr sgs [Neutr: indef vuke; concurs vuke-c. Dur: vuke-d; concurs vuke-d-c]:
to come out/ get out several times in a row
ex: ... 'an vapkec 'an 'i 'ep vuke. ... he goes in and goes out again (reiteratedly). ... 'am 'i
vukec ga hu 'i kekivupc 'am eid. ... he keeps getting out (of the water), standing there,
(on the bank), and taking a look. M(<'am) g ab 'i vukedc 'ab 'ep o 'i vapked! Keep on
getting out and in! ... 'am vukedc ha'as hu a(<va) 'i cevelhimk hega'i matp 'am vu:. ...
as it kept coming out of the ground it got taller and taller, that which had come out there.

vuad Vtr Repet (for Unit see vu:[a]d) sgo (for plo see vuhhasid) [Neutr: indef
vuad. Dur: vuada-d. Interr: vuada-him]: to take obj out repeatedly
ex: P hekid 'i vuad? Where do you take him out? Gm 'o hu si 'i vuad. They are
asking me to get out. Nt o 'i vuadad. I'll keep on taking him out.

vu'lo see Vtr vu'lok= to untie obj

vu'lok (eli and met of *vuli'ok) Vtr Unit (for Repet see vupli'ok) sgo (for plo see
vu:p[u]li'ok) [Neutr: def vu'lo; hort vu'lok; imper sgs vu'loka-]: to untie obj
ex: Vu'loka! Let him go (untie him)! Nt o vu'lo. I'll untie him.
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vu'lokid/ vu:pa

vu'lokid (elis and met of *vuli'okid) Vdtr Unit sgo (for plo see vu:p[u]li'okid)
[Neutr: def vu'lok; hort vu'lokid]: to untie obj for somebody
ex: M(<'am) g vu'lokid g nu:k! Untie my shoe for me!

vu'uvui see postp vui= to, toward, facing, obj

vu:-

vu: see Vtr vu= to tie obj with a rope; to tie obj together in a bundle; to bandage obj
vu: see Vtr vu= to tie obj with a rope; to tie obj together in a bundle; to bandage obj

vu:lo/ vu:lu (Span: burro) N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -vu:lo=ga); pl: vuplo]: donkey
keli vu:lo NExpr: male donkey
ex: keli vu:loga= my male donkey
'oks vu:lo NExpr: female donkey
ex: 'oks vu:loga= my female donkey

vu:lo/vu:lu N inalien indiv [pl: vuplo]: bench

vu:loga Stat sing [mult: vuploga]: to have a donkey

ex: Nap hema vu:loga? Do you(sg) have a donkey?

vu:lo-ki'ivina NComp mass: oatmeal, mush

vu:lo-ma NComp alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg -vu:lo-ma=ga); pl: vuplo-ma:ma]:
young donkey

vu:pa see Vtr vu:pan= to wake up obj

vu:pa Vtr Repet (for Unit see vua) sgo (for plo see uhullig): to put obj somewhere
repeatedly
ex: Jujkam 'o cum hekid 'am vu:pa g 'on 'am 'esilv:saga 'e. Mexicans always put salt in
their beer. ... hema 'ab vu:pa g si:nko. ... someone keeps putting a nickel in (the slot
machine).
hebhu/heb hu vu:pa VExpr tr Repet (for Unit see hebhu/heb hu vua) sgo: to lose obj
repeatedly
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) hekid ha'icu hebhu vu:pa. I never lose anything.
'i vu:pa VExpr tr Repet (for Unit see 'i vua): to throw obj down repeatedly
ex: 'I:da'a kavyu 'o cum hekid 'i vu:pa. This horse throws me all the time.
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vu:pa/ vu:p[u]ac

vu:pa V Distr (for Unit see vua) [Neutr: indef vu:pa. Dur: vu:pa-d]: to make a basket
while playing basketball (put the ball in the basket)
ex: B(<'ab) g o hema vu:pad! One after the other practice making a basket!

vu:pa in 'am ha'ap 'e-vu:pa VExpr reflex Repet (for Unit see 'am ha'ap 'e-vua):
to project one's thoughts into the past repeatedly
ex: Nap heba'i 'am ha'ap 'i 'i(<'e)vu:pac 'am 'i 'i(<'e)'oidahim? Do you ever think about the
past (as you are around)?

vu:padma s-V subst tr Repet sgo (for plo see s-ulligadma): to appear to throw obj
somewhere repeatedly

vu:pan Vtr plo (for sgo see vuhan) [Neutr: def vu:pa; hort vu:pan]: to wake up obj
ex: Pt o ho(<ha) vu:pa! You(sg) wake them up! Havu:pana! Wake them up!
B(<'ab) g 'i havu:pan! Wake them up and make them come here)!

vu:pa Vtr plo (for sgo see vupa) [Neutr: indef vu:pa]: to wake up obj reiteratedly
ex: Tvu:pa 'o sisialmad. He wakes us up every morning.

vu:pio see postp vuhio= on the face obj

vu:pio Vtr impers [Neutr: def vu:ipo. Interr: vu:pio-him]: to get an eye disease (same as
vupuist)
ex: vu:pio 'otk(<'atk). I caught an eye disease.

vu:pioa see N vuhioa= face

vu:pioa see N vuhioa= mask

vu:p[u] Vtr plo and mult (for sgo and sing see vu) [Neutr: def vu:p; hort and indef
vu:pu; imper sgs vu:pa-]: to put a rope around obj, tie obj with a rope; to tie obj
together into several bundles
ex: Nt o vu:p g a'i. I will tie several bales of hay (together). N(<'an) g havu:pu! Put a
rope around each one of them! Pi 'i(<'a) 'an hu havu:pu. I never put a rope around
either of them. Vu:puk o ho(<ha)vupul. Put a rope around each one of them and tie
them (to something)!

vu:p[u]a see N vua= act of roping, tying; bundle

vu:pua see Stat Expr vu vua= to be a bundle

vu:p[u]ac semi Stat tr mult (for sing see vuac): to have obj tied into several
bundles
ex: N(<'an) g ab 'i havu:puacid! Keep them tied!
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vu:p[u]ajid/ vu:puipo

vu:p[u]ajid Vdtr plo (for sgo see vuajid) [Neutr: def vu:p[u]aj; indef and hort
vu:p[u]ajid]: to rope obj for somebody
ex: N(<'an) g ab(<vab) 'i havu:puajid! Just rope them for me!

vu:puaku see N vuaku= something to tie with

vu:pudam N subst: somebody/ something that keeps making bundles (such as a

baling machine)

vu:pudam vu Stat Expr: to be somebody/ something that keeps making bundles

(such as a baling machine)
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) vu:pudam g a'i. He is the one who ties bales of hay/That is a baling
machine.

vu:pui N alien [1st pers sg -vu:pui=ga]: a pair of glasses (also called eeidaku-
vu:pui)
eeidaku-vu:pui NComp alien [1st pers sg -eeidaku-vu:pui=ga]: a pair of
glasses (also called vu:pui)
cu:vi-vu:pui NComp aggreg: a plant, calabaz gourds (rabbit's eyes)

vu:pui see N vuhi= eye

vu:pui see Stat vuhi= to have an eye, a knot, a ring

vu:pui s- Stat: to have eyes, knots, rings

ex: Ge svu:pui g huk. The board has an unusual amount of knots.

vu:pui-cuckujidaku NComp inalien [1st pers sg -vu:pui-cuckujidaku; 3rd pers sg

vu:pui-cuckujidakua-j]: eye make-up (instrument to blacken eyes)

vu:puikam see N vuikam= eyed, one with an eye

vu:puinova Vtr Unit (for Repet see vu:puinovup) pls (for sgs see vuhinova): to
winnow obj

vu:puinovup Vtr Repet (for Unit see vu:puinova) pls (for sgs see vuhinovup): to
winnow obj repeatedly

vu:puipo see N vuipo= eyelash(es); eyebrow(s)

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vu:puic/ vu:

vu:puic semi Stat reflex mult (for sing see 'e-vuic) [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'e-
vu:puic. Dur: 'e-vu:puici-d]: to have both eyes closed
ex: B(<vab) o 'i 'i(<'e)vu:puicid. Just keep your eyes closed (you sg).

vu:puip Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-vuip) [Neutr: def 'e-vu:pui; hort 'e-vu:puip]: to
close one eye (as when winking)
ex: Vo 'i 'i(<'e)vu:pui. Each one of you will close one eye. G o 'i 'i(<'e)vuip! Each
one of you, close one eye!

vu:puipi'ok Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e-vuipi'ok) [Neutr: def 'e-vu:puipi'o; hort
'e-vu:puipi'ok]: to open both eyes
ex: G 'i 'i(>'e)vu:puipi'ok! Open both eyes!

vu:puipi'okc semi Stat reflex mult (for sing see 'e-vuipi'okc): to have both eyes
open

vu:pul see Vdtr vul[i]d= to tie obj for somebody

vu:pul see Stat vul= to be tied together in a bundle

vu:pulid Vdtr plo (for sgo see vul[i]d) [Neutr: def vu:pul; indef and hort vu:pulid]: to
tie obj for somebody
ex: B(<'ab) g vu:pulid g nu:k! Tie my shoes for me!

vu:p[u]lim in kuko-vu:p[u]lim NComp aggreg: a flower, larkspur (one having the

back of the head tied up, also called cucul-'i'ispul)

vu:p[u]li'ok Vtr plo (for sgo see vu'lok) [Neutr: def vu:p[u]li'o; hort and indef
vu:p[i]li'ok: to untie obj
ex: Vu:puli'oka g 'eu:k! Untie your shoes! Nt o ho(<ha)vu:puli'o g nu:k. I will
untie my shoes. Pi 'i(<'a) a 'i 'ap vu:puli'ok. I cannot manage to untie them (I do not
untie them well).

vu:p[u]li'okid Vdtr plo (for sgo see vu'lokid) (Neutr: def vu:p[u]li'ok; hort
vu:p[u]li'okid]: to untie obj for somebody
ex: M(<'am) g vu:puli'okid g nu:k! Untie my shoes for me!

vu: see Vintr vu:[a]= to come out, get out; to be born

vu: see Vintr vu:a= to emerge from the ground
vu: see Vintr impers vu:a= to occur to
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vu:[a]d/ vu:a

vu:[a]d Vtr Unit (for Repet see vuad) sgo (for plo see vuhasid) [Neutr: def and
hort vu:ad. Correl: vu:ad-k; immed: vu:ad-ka-'i. Compl: vu:ad-ok; immed: vu:ad-
oka-'i]: to take obj out; to give birth to obj
ex: ... 'i aha(<haha) vo 'i vu:ad g cu:kug. ... then take out the meat (which is here). Nt o
'i vu:ad g matai. I'll take out the ashes. Nt o 'i ha vu:ad g 'i:n. I'll take out some of the
soot. 'Atk bei g vatop k 'an 'i vu:ad. He caught a fish and took it out (of the water).
'I vu:ad! Take it out! ... 'am aha(<haha) 'i vu:adk 'im hab kei jegk 'ea. ... then he
took it (the horse) out (of the corral) and made it stand outside. 'Am 'i vu:ad g 'ali.
She gave birth to the child.

vu:adma s- V subst tr sgo (for plo see s-vuhasidma): to appear to have taken obj
out

vu:[a] Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see vuhak) [Neutr: def vu:; hort vu:a; imper vu:i-
. Correl: vu:a-k; immed: vu:a-ka-'i. Compl: vu:ai-ok; immed: vu:ai-oka-'i.
Interr: vu:[i]-him]: to rise, to come out; to get out; to be born
ex: Mat 'an o da:kahimk o skekivuimk vo 'i vu:. When one has been sitting and wants to
stand up, he rises. Nt o 'i vu: k o ho(<ha) je:j 'am jegk 'ea. After I get out I'll have a
smoke (smoke some) outside. Hemu 'unt(<'ant) 'i vu: 'ab kokdam haki: 'amje. I just
got out of the hospital. Tp 'am aha(<haha) vu: g 'oksgaj k hab kaij ... Then his wife
came out and said ... ia tp 'an heba'i vu: hega'i ku:bs. Well, the smoke somehow
escaped (got through somewhere). 'Ab 'i vu: g 'ali. The child was born. Vu:i!
Come out! M(<'am) g hu kia 'i vu:a! Get out for a while! Pi g 'am 'i vu:a! Don't
get out! M(<'am) g vu:ak 'am eid! Get out and take a look! 'Atp 'ab 'i vu:ak
skeg has kaij. She came out and made a pretty sound.

vu:[a] Vintr [Neutr: def vu:; indef vu:a. Interr: vu:-him]: to emerge from the
ground, to rise
ex: Kutp 'am ha'icu o vu: kut u o a(<va) 'ep ha'icu skeg 'em'egak 'ep. Something might
grow there that will also be something good for you(pl) to have. ..'idda:m 'am
aha(<haha) va 'ep hanato ves ha'icu doakam c ves ha'icu mo vu:a. .. on it (the Earth)
then he also made all the living things and all the growing things. Vu:him 'o. It is
about to come out (of the ground). .. 'ab 'o g haku:bdag 'ab vu:him t'oidc. ..their dust
is beginning to rise behind us.

vu:a in hab masma 'i vu:a m- VExpr intr impers: to occur to one that
ex: Hab masma 'am 'i vu: mantp hems o ei g ma:kai. It occurred to me that maybe I
should see a doctor. ia k hab masma 'am 'i vu: matp hems heg 'an hu 'ik 'an hu
heba'i has 'i cu'ig. Well, and it occurred to him that maybe it was her who was somewhere
up there. 'Am heba'i 'am aha(<haha) 'i vu: hab masma mat 'am a(<va) has masma 'am
hab o 'o(<'e)ju:, tp hems 'am o a(<va) s'ap hab 'eju:. One day (somewhere) it occurred to
him that he might do something (act in a certain way), that maybe he might be successful.
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vu:a/ Vu:im-

vu:a in vu:a 'ab hema/ha'icu 'amje VExpr impers: to stem from, to be

caused by, someone/something
ex: Ves ha'icu 'o 'ob(<'ab) vu:a 'ab 'amje 'i:da'a 'i'idag. Everything is caused by this
drinking.

vu:ak in ha'icu vu:ak NExpr: growing season, emerging season for non-
cultivated plants
ex: ha'icu vu:ak 'e= during the growing season
ha:a vu:ak NExpr: growing season of the saguaro cactus
ex: ha:a vu:ak 'e= during the growing season of the saguaro cactus

vu:ak in vu ha'icu vu:ak Stat Expr: to be the growing season, the emerging
season for non-cultivated plants
ex: Koi (<vu) hi ha'icu vu:ak. It is not quite the growing season yet (I think).
ha:a vu:ak vu Stat Expr: to be the growing season of the saguaro cactus
ex: Koi (<vu) ha:a vu:ak. It is not the growing season of the saguaro cactus yet.

vu:aku in ku:bs-vu:aku NComp: smoke hole, stovepipe (instrument for the

smoke to get out)

vu:dag in ha'icu vu:dag NExpr: sprouts, shoots

ha:a-vu:dag NComp: sprouts of saguaro cactus (where the flowers and fruit are
located)

vu:dag in vu ha'icu vu:dag Stat Expr: to be sprouts, shoots

ex: Koi (<vu) hi ha'icu vu:dag. They are not quite shoots yet (I think).

vu:daj N inalien: sprouts, shoots of a specified nature (its sprouts, shoots)

vu:dam s- V subst tr sgo (for plo see s-vuhasidam): to feel like taking obj out
ex: Cum 'a hi a(<va) 'i svu:dam. I was planning on taking it out (but I have not done it).

Vu:kam N subst aggreg: the Emergents (same as Vu:im-'O'odham)

vu:im N subst: one(s) coming out of the ground, emerging

hejel-vu:im NComp aggreg [loc: hejel-vu:im-c-'e]: wild vegetation

Vu:im-'O'odham NComp aggreg: the Emergents (same as Vu:kam)

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ya:viag/ 'abamdag

y-

ya:viag Stat: to be locked

ex: Ya:viag 'o. It's locked.

ya:v (Span: llave) N indiv alien [sg (lst pers sg -ya:vi=ga); pl/distr: yayav]: key,
bunch of keys

ya:v-cekcim NComp: keeper of a key

ya:v-to'akcim NComp: keeper of a bunch of keys

ye:vo N: yoke

'a-

'ab Postp [1st pers sg -'ab; 1st pers pl t-'ab]: on obj

'ab Stat tr impers [Neutr: indef 'ab; def 'ab=k. Interr: 'ab=ka-him. Dur: 'ab=ka-d]: to be
up to obj
ex: B(<'ab) 'o 'ab/ 'A:i 'o 'ob(<'ab) 'ab. It is up to me. 'Ab 'o t'ab. It is up to us.
B(<'ab) 'o hejel m'ab. It is entirely up to you(sg). Heg 'o 'ob(<'ab) 'ab. It is up to him
(that one). Hegam 'o 'ob(<'ab) ha'ab. It is up to them. B(<'ab) 'at o m'abk. It will be up
to you(sg). Heg 'o 'ob(<'ab) cum 'abkahim. It used to be up to him. Hegam 'o 'ob(<'ab)
cum ha'abkahim. It used to be up to them.

'abam s- Vtr impers [Neutr: [def s-'abam. Interr: s-'abama-him. Dur: s-'abama-d]: to
bring luck to obj
ex: S'abam ['at]. I am lucky. Pi 'it(<'at) 'abam. I am unlucky. Vo st'abam, tt o dada.
If we get lucky, we'll get home. Tp(<kutp) hems pi vo t'abam. Maybe we will not get
lucky. Matp hekid o s'abam, nt 'am hab o a(<va) ju:. Whenever I'll get a chance, I'll
do it. Hek hu 'o cum s'abamahimc hemu haha pi 'abamk. Formerly I used to get luck,
but now I am unlucky. M(<'am) 'at ab o 'i s'abamad, nt o ho(<ha)ge:g. If I keep
getting lucky, I'll win over them.

'abamdag N inalien [3rd pers sg 'abamda-j]: luck

ex: 'A e:na matp heba'i g 'abamdag hab o 'o(<'e)ju:. I am waiting for luck to turn up
sometime.
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'abamk/'abkam

'abamk s- Stat tr impers Unit (for Repet see s-'abammuk) [Neutr: def and indef
s-'abam=k. Interr: s-'abam=ka-him. Dur: 's-abam=ka-d]: to be lucky
ex: Pi hekid a 'i 'abamk. I am never lucky. Hek hu 'o cum s'abamk. Formerly I was
lucky. M(<'am) 'at ab o 'i s'abamk, nt o ho(<ha)ge:g. If I am lucky, I'll win over them.
M(<'am) 'at ab o 'i s'abamkad, nt o ho(<ha)ge:g. If I keep on being lucky, I'll win over
them. Cum 'o s'abamkahim. I used to be lucky.

'abammuk s-Stat tr impers Repet (for Unit see s-'abamk): to be lucky repeatedly

'aba'i Stat intr [Neutr: indef 'aba'i; def 'aba'i=k. Interr: 'aba'i=ka-him. Dur: 'aba'i=ka-d]:
to be up there
ex: 'Aba'i 'o. He is up there. 'At 'ab o 'aba'ik. He will be up there. 'Aba'ikahim 'o. He
used to be up there.

'aba'ic/ 'aba'ikc semi Stat [Neutr: def and indef 'aba'ic/'aba'ikc. Interr: 'aba'ic=ka-him.
Dur: 'aba'ici-d]: to stay up there
ex: 'Am hab 'i 'i(<'e)'a: matp 'ab o 'aba'ikc/'aba'ic. He decided that he might stay up there.
'At 'ab o 'aba'icid. He is going to be staying up there. 'Aba'ickahim 'o. He used to be
staying up there.

'abc see Vdtr 'abcud= to blame obj for something

'abcud Vdtr [Neutr: def 'abc; indef and hort 'abcud]: to blame obj for something, to
accuse obj of something
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o m'abc. I'll blame you for it. Kupt 'ab hu ha'icu o 'i 'abc! Blame him for
something! B(<'ab) 'o 'abcud. He is blaming it on me. Pi g 'ab hu 'abcud! Don't
blame me for it!

'abcud in hejel 'e-'abcud VExpr reflex tr [Neutr: def 'abc; indef and hort 'abcud]: to
blame oneself for obj
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o hejel 'abc. I will blame myself for it.

'abcud in 'a'ai 'e-'abcud VExpr reflex tr: to blame each other for obj
ex: 'Ab o 'a'ai 'e'abc. They will blame each other for it. 'E'a'algakaj 'ab o 'a'ai 'e'abc.
They will blame each other's children for it.

'abhahog in s-'abhaog 'elid VExpr: to be jealous

'abkam NSubst inalien sg [sg (3rd pers sg 'abkama-j); pl: 'a'abkam]: relative

'abkam vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: 'a'abkam]: to be a relative

ex: 'O (<vu) hegam ha'abkam. He is their relative.
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'abkam/'agvancud

'abkam in si 'abkam subst NExpr [pl: si 'a'abkam]: close relative

'abkam in vu si 'abkam Stat Expr: to be a close relative

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) si 'abkam. He is a close relative of mine. Hegam 'o (<vu) si
'a'abkam. They are close relatives of mine. Heg 'o (<vu) si 'abkamaj. He is a
relative of his.

'aavig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'a'aavig): to be full of buffalo-gourds,
coyote-melons (the plant) in a single location
ex: S'aavig 'o. It is full of buffalo-gourds/ coyote-melons.

'aav N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg 'aavi=ga-j); pl: 'a'aav]: buffalo-gourd, coyote-
melon (Cucurbita foetidissima)

'agckva Vtr Unit sgs (for pls see 'a'agckva): to gore obj
ex: Vat o m'agckva. He is going to gore you(sg). T o 'om(<'em)'agckva. He is going to
gore you(pl).

'agka N sg indiv [pl: 'a'agka]: a big light grey lizard

'agpaag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'a'agpaag]: to be sloping down

ex: S'agpaag g jevu. The ground is sloping.

'agva Vreflex Unit sgs (for pls see 'e-'a'agva) [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'e-'agva.
Correl: 'e-'agva-k; immed: 'e-'agva-ka-'i. Compl: 'e-'agva-yok; immed: 'e-'agva-yoka-'i]:
to avenge oneself
ex: Nt o a 'agva. I will avenge myself. Pi g 'am 'e'agva! Don't avenge yourself! Nt
o she:kigk 'am 'agvayoka'i. I'll be happy after I have avenged myself.

'agva in 'e-'agva 'am hema veheji VExpr reflex: to avenge oneself on someone
ex: Nt o a(<va) mveheji 'agva. I will avenge myself on you(sg). Vant o 'agva 'am
veheji hega'i. I will avenge myself on him.

'agva in 'e-'agva 'ab hema vui VExpr reflex: to get even with obj
ex: Nt o a(<va) 'agva 'ab 'o:g vui. I will get even with my father.

'agvanc see Vtr 'agvancud= to take revenge on obj

'agvancud Vtr [Neutr: def 'agvanc; hort 'agvancud]: to take revenge on obj (same as 'e-
'agva 'am hema veheji)
 400

'agvancud/'ahid

ex: Nt o a(<va) m'agvanc. I will take revenge on you(sg) Nt o a(<va) 'em'agvanc. I will
take revenge on you(pl). Tt o a(<va) 'am(<'em)'agvanc. We will take revenge on
you(pl). M(<'am) g 'agvancud! Take revenge on me!

'a[h]i- Vtr [Neutr: 'ai; hort 'a:-'i; imper sgs 'ahi-, pls 'ahi-vo. Correl: 'a:-k; immed: 'a:-
ka-'i. Compl: 'ahi-ok; immed: 'ahi-oka-'i. Interr: 'ai-him]: to reach obj, to get to be even/
catch up with obj
ex: Nt o m'ai. I'll catch up with you(sg). M(<'am) 'ant hu 'i 'ai hega'i. I caught up with
him down there. 'Ai 'at. They are running even (he reached him). M'ai 'ant. I am
running even with you(sg) (I caught up with you). ... 'am himk 'an 'ai hega'i e:big.
having gone down there he reached the monster (which was lying down) . ... c 'ab
heba'i cum a 'ai g na:nko ta:hadkam. ... and somewhere tiredness almost overtook him.
Vakuvidag 'at 'ai. I got diarrhea (diarrhea reached me). M'aihim 'a. I am catching
up with you(sg). --Ttp hu 'i 'aihim 'ama'i. We may be almost there. Ga hu ha'aihim
matp 'am huhug g ha'icu ma:cigaj. He was about to reach them up there when his power
vanished. 'Ahioka'i! Reach him/it first! Pt o mua 'a:ka'i! Kill him/it after reaching
him/it!

'a[h]i- Vreflex impers [Neutr: def 'e-'ai. Interr: 'e-'ai-him]: to get to be a certain point in
time
ex: Va kutp 'e'ai mo 'ea nonhat g 'u'uvhig? Could it be the time when birds hatch?
ma:sig 'at 'e'ai 'id 'i takaj. Today is my birthday. T 'e'ai ma 'ida hahehemapad g
hemajkam. It is the time when I gather the people. Kut g ta 'e'ai mat o ma:s g 'ali. The
day came for the child to be born. ia, t 'am o 'i 'i(<'e)'ai gi'ik, t 'am 'ep gei 'ep. Well,
for the fourth time, she dived again. 'Idhekaj o 'o(<'e)'ai gi'ik mant 'am 'ep o gei. This
will make the fourth time that I will dive again. T hekid 'ab o 'i 'e'ai ... When it gets to
be a year from now ... ia, t 'am himk 'am 'i 'i(<'e)'aihim mat o ma:s g 'ali. Well, after
some time, it is getting close to when the baby will be born.

'a[h]i- Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'ai]: to reach a certain state (fermenting cactus wine)
ex: Skeg 'e'ai. It has reached perfection.-- 'E-'et(<'at)-'e'ai g navait. The wine is ready.

'ahid/'a'ahid in numeral + 'ahid/'a'ahid Adv Expr: for so many years

ex: Hetasp 'ahid/ 'a'ahid 'a 'i a(<va) 'i 'oimme. I have been here five years. P he'ekia
'i 'ahid 'i a(<va) 'i 'oimme? How many years have you been here? gi'ik 'ahid 'i 'i
'amje= four years from now

'ahid/'ahidag in 'id 'ahid/'ahidag 'ab Adv Expr: this year

ex: Ka:u 'unt(<'ant) 'ei 'id 'ahidag 'ab. I planted sorghum this year.

'ahid/'ahidag in numeral + 'ahid/'ahidag 'ab Adv Expr: during so many years

ex: 'Am 'a ki:kahim hetasp 'ahid[ag] 'ab. I lived there for five years.
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'ahidag/'ai

'ahidag N inalien sg [pl: 'a'ahidag]: year

ex: B(<'ab) o 'i 'i(<'e)'a'ahead g 'ahidag kunt o babbed. Every year (as the year will
recur), I will be ripening.
Vecij-'Ahidag NComp [loc: Vecij-'Ahidag-c-'e]: New Year

'ahidag in vu numeral + 'ahidag / 'a'ahidag Stat Expr: to be so many years old

(same as vu...'ahidkam)
ex: P he'ekia vu 'i 'ahidag/'a'ahidag? How old are you? --D(<vu) 'o gi'ik 'ahidag. He is
four years old.

'ahidag in vu 'i numeral + 'ahidag / 'a'ahidag Stat Expr impers: to be so many

years (from now)
ex: 'Ab 'a ki:kahim mo 'ida u a(<va) 'i hetasp 'ahidag. I used to live up there five years
ago. Pi 'it(<'at) 'am hu 'i vu o 'a'ahidagk. It will not be many years (from now).

'ahidkam N subst: of the year, born within the year

'ahidkam-to:lo NComp(?): a yearling bull

'ahidkam in numeral + 'ahidkam NExpr(?): one so many years old

ex: go:k 'ahidkam= a two year old one

'ahidkam in vu numeral + 'ahidkam/'a'ahidkam Stat Expr: to be one so many

years old (same as vu numeral + 'ahidag)
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) go:k 'ahidkam. He is a two year old. Hegam 'o (<vu) go:k
'ahidkam. They are two year olds. P he'ekia vu 'i 'ahidkam/'a'ahidkam? How old are
you(sg)?

'ahijid Vintr [Neutr: def. 'ahij; hort 'ahijid]: to round out a number, make up the
difference
ex: 'Ant 'am o 'i 'ahij. I will round out the number. 'A:cimkaj 'att 'am o 'i 'ahij. We will
round out the number with ourselves.

'ahijid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'ahij]: to lose, to be beaten

ex: 'ahij 'ant. I lost.

'ahijidacud Vdtr [Neutr: def 'ahijidac; hort 'ahijidacud]: to make someone / something
escape from obj
ex: Vo ho(<ha)'ahijidac g tooiga 'ama'i. We will make our pets escape from them down
there. M(<'am) g ha'ahijidacud! Make him/it/them escape from them!

'ahlain see N 'alhain= threshing floor

'ai see Vtr 'a[h]i-= to reach obj
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'aigo/'ajcu

'aigo Adv sg [pl: 'a'aigo]: over, on the opposite side

ex: M(<'am) g 'aigo 'i vo:d! Turn it over! M(<'am) g 'a'aigo 'i hatoa'i! Turn them over!

'aigo Adv: instead, contrary to one's expectation

ex: B(<vab) 'aigo sko'okam 'amtp ju: g Ban. Exactly contrary to his expectation, Coyote
got hurt. T o a ve:pegk uligk 'aigo mmua. If he throws (the gins sticks) first instead
(of you killing him) he is the one who will kill you.

'aigo Postp [distr: 'a'aigo]: on the other side of obj (same as 'aigoji)
ex: 'Im hab m'aigo 'o ve:c. It is lying on the other side of you(sg). Gn hu 'aigo g ka:ya
'apt o hema ce: g ki:. On the other side of the street you will find a house (an apartment).
... c ga hu 'aigo hab 'oiyopo m(<mo) 'an hema 'ep ke:k g do'ag. ... and (we) stay up on
the other side of where there is (stands) another mountain. ia, k 'ab haha bei g 'ega:t,
'eha:po 'in 'aigo 'ab bek ... Well, and then he took his bow (in one hand), and having
taken his arrows in his other hand (on the other side) ... Gami hu hugk 'am 'e'a:gid
'Akimelt'am c 'aigo 'im hu ha'ap. They had been notified all over Pima Land and on the
other side (of the speaker's point of reference) Gn hu 'a'aigo him. He is walking on the
other side of it.

'aigoji Postp [distr: 'a'aigoji]: on the other side of obj (same as 'aigo)
ex: 'Im hab m'aigoji 'o ve:c. It is (lying) on the other side of you(sg). 'Im hab
'em'aigoji 'o ve:c. It is (lying) on the other side of you(pl). Gn hu 'aigoji g ka:ya . On
the other side of the street. Gm hu 'aigoji Ju:kam-Jevuc'e. On the other side of the
Mexican border (down there on the other side of it in Mexican land). 'In hab 'aigoji
ke:k m(<mo) 'an g vainom-vo:g ka:c. It is (stands) on the other side of where the railroad
is (lies). Gn hu 'a'aigoji him. He is walking on the other side (of it).

'aihim see Vtr 'a[h]i-= to reach obj

'ais (elis of *'ahis) Stat reflex impers: to be a certain point in time

ex: 'O 'o(<'e)'ais mant o hi:. It is time for me to go. Nt o hi: mat o 'o(<'e)'aisk. I'll go
when it is time.

'ais in hemakaj 'e-'ais Stat Expr: to round out the number (with obj)
ex: 'A:ikaj o 'om(<'am) 'e'aisk. I will round out the number (it will be reached by me).

'aj Adj sg [pl: 'a'aj]: long and narrow, thin

ex: 'al 'aj huk= a (rather) narrow board 'Al 'aj u 'uv. She is a (rather) thin woman.

'ajcu (dial: 'ajcu'u) N subst sg [pl: 'a'ajcu]: thin one

ex: Hei(<hea'i) u hega'i 'ajcu? Who is that thin one?
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'Aji/'aj-

'Aji N subst: old name of Santa Rosa

'Aji in Ge 'Aji subst NExpr(?): name of a village (between Santa Rosa and 'A:ngam
where the Vi:gida ceremony used to be performed)

'ajida (assim of *'ajija) Vintr sgs (for pls see 'a'ajid) [Neutr: def 'ajida. Interr: 'ajida-
him]: to become narrower, thinner (same as 'ajijka)
ex: 'Al 'at 'ajida. It is somewhat narrower.

'ajij Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef 'ajij; def 'ajij=k. Interr: 'ajij=ka-him. Dur: 'ajij=ka-d); pls:
'a'aj]: to be narrow, thin
ex: 'I:da'a huk 'o 'ol(<'al) 'ajij. This board is (rather) narrow. Si 'al 'ajij. He/it is (rather)
thin. Mat hema g 'o'odham vo sgakc o 'ajijkad. A person who is skinny is thin. Heg
'o ge 'ajijc 'ep cu:cpul. This is a rectangle ( narrow with angles).

'ajijka Vintr sgs (for pls see 'a'ajijka) [Neutr: def 'ajijka. Interr: 'ajijka-him]: to
become narrow, thin (same as 'ajida)
ex: 'Al 'at 'i 'ajijka. It is (rather) narrower. Vat o 'i 'ajijka. It will get narrower. 'I 'o
'i 'ajijkahim. It is getting narrower.

'ajijkad Vtr sgo (for plo see 'a'ajijkad) [Neutr: def and hort 'ajijkad. Interr: 'ajijkada-
him. Dur: 'ajijkada-d]: to narrow obj
ex: Napt o 'i 'ajijkad? Are you going to narrow it? M(<'am) g 'i 'ajijkad! Narrow it!

'ajijkadaku N alien sg [pl: 'a'ajijkadaku]: chisel (tool to make something narrower

or thinner)

'ajijkajid Vtr and dtr sgo (for plo see 'a'ajijkajid) [Neutr: def 'ajijkaj; hort 'ajijkajid]:
to narrow obj for someone

'ajim s- Adj sg [pl: s-'a'ajim]: thin (said only of a person)

ex: Heg 'o s'ajim u 'uv. She is a thin woman.

'ajimk s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef and def s-'ajim=k. Interr: s-'ajim=ka-him. Dur: s-
'ajim=ka-d). pls: s-'a'ajimk]: to be thin (said only of a person)
ex: S'ajimk 'o. He is thin. Heg 'o s'ajimkahim. He used to be thin. Hegam 'o
s'a'ajimkahim. They used to be thin.

'Aj-Mo'okam Comp(?): a nickname (Long-and-narrow-headed-one)

'aj-vainom[] NComp mass: wire, wiring

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'aj-/'ak

'aj-vainom[] NComp indiv alien [pl: 'a'aj-vapainom[]]: roll/ piece of wire

'ajvi Vintr: to shrink

'aj-vo:g NComp indiv alien [sg (lst pers sg: -'aj-vo:g=ga); pl: 'a'aj-vopog]: horse path
(narrow road)
ex: Hema daha g ko'ov 'aj-vo:gc'e. There is (sitting) a rattlesnake on the horse path.

-'akidag in compounds : wash leading to and going through a field, a village

Hus-'akidag NComp indiv [sg (loc: Hus-'akidag-c-'e)]: name of wash leading to, and
going through, Jose's fields
Keliba Vo'oga 'akidag NExpr(?): name of wash going through the village of
Keliba Vo'oga (Covered Wells)
'Al 'Oidag 'akidag NExpr(?): name of wash leading to the village of 'Al 'Oidag

'akidag vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu 'a'akidag]: to be a wash/ arroyo going through
somebody's fields or through a village
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) 'akidaj. It is the wash going through that fellow's fields. Hegam 'o
(<vu) ha'akidag. It is the wash going through those fellows' fields. Hegam 'o
(<vu) 'a'akidaj. They are the washes going through his fields.

'akidaj N: the wash leading and going through a specified field or village
ex: 'Akidaj g Hus. The wash going through Jose's fields.

'akig Stat impers Unit [sing (Neutr: indef 'akig; def 'akig=k. Interr: 'akig=ka-him. Dur:
'akig=ka-d); mult: 'a'akig]: there is a wash, arroyo
ex: 'Atp gn hab he'eko 'i 'akig. Some distance away there is a wash. ... 'am heba'i mat
'am hebi(<heba'i) o smoima 'akigk ... somewhere where there is (will be) a wash with a
sandy bed (soft wash).

'akiga Stat: to have a wash, arroyo

'akimel N alien sg [pl: 'a'akimel]: river

'Akimel N subst: River Pima Land

ex: gami hu hugk 'am 'Akimelt'am= up to the end of River Pima Land

'Akimel-'O'odham NComp(?): River Pima people, person

'ak N indiv alien [sg (3rd pers sg 'aki=ga-j; loc: 'ak-t-'am, 'ak[]-c-'e); pl: 'a'ak]: wash,
arroyo
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'ak[] ci/'alic

'ak[] ci NExpr indiv [pl/distr: 'a'ak[] ci:ci]: mouth of a wash (place where a wash
loses itself in the sand or ground)
ex: 'A'ak ci:ci 'an o sva'usigk g jevu. At each mouth of a wash the soil is (will be)
moist.

'Ak[] Ci subst NExpr [loc: 'Ak Ci 'am]: name of a village (Mouth of a Wash)
ex: 'am 'Ak Ci 'am= down at 'Ak Ci.

'al-ge'el NComp indiv: godchild (the reciprocal term is palna); nephew, younger
sister's child (the reciprocal term is je'es)

'alhain/'ahlain N: threshing floor

ex: 'Am 'a geggev g baviga 'ahlainc'e. I beat my beans on a threshing floor, each time.

'ali N alien sg [sg (3rd pers sg 'ali=ga-j; instr: 'ali-kaj; instr 1st pers sg: -'ali=ga-kaj); pl:
'a'al]: child
ex: Santa-Rosa 'a'al 'o cum hekid hagev. The Santa Rosa kids always win (over them).
'E'a'algakaj 'ab o 'a'ai 'e'abc. They will blame each other's children for it.
cioj 'ali NExpr alien [sg (1st pers sg: cioj -'ali=ga; 3rd pers sg: cioj 'ali=ga-j); pl:
cecioj 'a'al]: son
ge'ecu 'ali NExpr alien [sg (1st pers sg: ge'ecu -'ali=ga; 3rd pers sg: ge'ecu 'ali=ga-
j); pl: ge'ege 'a'al]: older child
'alicu 'ali NExpr alien [sg (1st pers sg: 'alicu -'ali=ga ; 3rd pers sg: 'alicu 'ali=ga-j);
pl: 'a'alcu 'a'al]: younger child
'uv 'ali NExpr alien [sg: (1st pers sg: 'uv -'ali=ga; 3rd pers sg: 'uv 'ali=ga-j); pl:
'u'uv 'a'al]: daughter

'ali vu Stat Expr [sgs (indef vu 'ali; def vu 'al=k; concurs vu 'ali=kc/ 'ali-c. Interr:
vu 'ali=ka-him. Dur: vu 'ali=ka-d); pls: vu 'a'al]: to be a child, the youngest
ex: Pt o 'a:g g'amje mapp 'ea vu 'i 'ali. Tell me (about yourself) from the time you
were a child (until now). 'A:cim u ab 'a'al. We are mere children. D(<vu) 'ap ab
kia 'ali. You are still a mere child. 'A:pi hascu 'a:gc u ab o 'alikad ... Because you are
(will be) a mere child ... Tp 'a:pi vu 'alic g ku:gaj o bei. Being the youngest, you will
take the (its) upper part.

'ali in vu ha jevho-'o'odham-'ali Stat Expr: to be part descendant of the gopher

people
ex: Hab u ha jevho-'o'odham-'ali hega'i. He is a descendant of the badger-people, that
fellow.

'alic see Vreflex 'e-'alicud= to turn into a child

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'alicu/'alidt

'alicu (dial: 'alicu'u) N subst sg [pl: 'a'alcu]: youngest, smallest one

'alicu 'ali NExpr alien [reflex sg alicu 'e-'ali=ga]: youngest child
'alicu 'cehia NExpr alien [reflex 'alicu 'e-cehia=ga]: youngest girl

'alicu (dial: 'alicu'u) vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu 'a'alcu]: to be the youngest, smallest
ex: Hei(<hea'i) vu 'alicu? Who is the youngest? Hascu u 'alicu? Which one
(object) is the smallest?

'alicud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'alic. Interr: 'alicuda-him): to turn into a child
ex: Pt ab 'e'alic. You are just like (have turned into) a child. Hega'i keli 'e'alicudahim.
That old man is getting into his second childhood.

'alidag N inalien sg [sg (3rd pers sg: 'alida-j); pl: 'a'alidag]: child (used only by a man to
refer to, or address, his own child or when referring to a man's child)
ex: Skeg u 'u'uv g 'a'alidaj. His children are beautiful girls.
cioj 'alidag NExpr inalien sg [sg (1st pers sg: cioj -'alidag; 3rd pers sg: cioj 'alida-j);
pl: cecioj 'a'alidag]: son
'uv 'alidag NExpr sg inalien [pl: 'u'uv 'a'alidag]: daughter
ex: 'U'uv 'a'alidaj 'o skegaj. His daughters are beautiful.

'alidag vu Stat Expr sg (pl: vu 'a'alidag]: to be the child of (a man)

ex: D(vu) 'o 'alidag. He is my child. D(<vu) 'o 'alidaj. He is his child. Heg 'o
(<vu) 'alidaj Hus. He is Jose's child.

'alidag in vu jevho-'alidag Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu jevho-'a'alidag]: to be a gopher

descendant
ex: ... no pi hegam 'o'ogbaaj u jevho-'a'alidag. ... because his deceased fathers
(father and father's brother) are gopher descendants

alidag Stat [sing (Neutr: 'alidag; def 'alidag=k. Interr: 'alidag=ka-him); mult: 'a'alidag]:
to have a child (said only of a man)
ex: Hemako 'o(<'a) 'alidag. I have one child. Gi'ik 'a 'a'alidag. I have four children.
'uv 'alidag StatExpr[pl: 'u'uv 'a'alidag]: to have a daughter
ex: Skeg 'o 'u'uv 'a'alidag / 'a'alidag g 'u'uv. He has beautiful daughters. 'A gi'ik
'a'alidag g 'u'uv. He has (hearsay) four daughters.

'alidagba N inalien sg [pl: 'a'alidagba]: deceased child of a man

'alidt Vintr sing (for mult see 'a'alidt) [Neutr: def and hort 'alidt. Interr: 'alidta-him]: to
beget a child
ex: Napt 'alid? Do you have a child? Masma 'ab 'i 'a'alidahim. Thus he had many
children.
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'aliag/ 'ama'i

'aliag Stat sg [pl: 'a'aliag]: to be childish

ex: a 'aliag 'o hega'i. He is (rather) childish, that one.

'aliag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'a'aliag]: to be very childish

ex: B(<vab) kia s'aliag. He is still childish. P ab kia s'aliag. You(sg) are still
childish. M ab kia s'a'aliag. You(pl) are still childish.

'aliga Stat sing [mult: 'a'alga]: to have a child

ex: Hemako 'o(<'a) 'aliga. I have one child. Gi'ik 'a 'a'alga. I have four children.
Gi'ik 'a skeg 'a'alga. I have four beautiful children.
'uv 'aliga Stat Expr sing [mult: 'u'uv 'a'alga]: to have a daughter
ex: Skeg 'o gi'ik 'u'uv 'a'alga. I have four beautiful daughters.

'aliga vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu 'a'aliga]: to be someone's child

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) 'aliga 'am macamakuc'e. He is my pupil (my child in school).

'ali-vepoag Stat Comp(?): to act like a child, childishly

ex: a 'ali-vepoag 'o hega'i. He acts (rather) childishly, that one.

'alivh:na (Engl: elephant) N sg (pl: 'a'alivhhana): elephant

'alo in cum 'alo Adv Expr: almost

ex: Cum 'alo 'ont(<'ant) 'a'ahe. I almost caught up with him. Cum 'alo 'ot(<'at) 'i 'a'ahe
g 'o:la. It is almost time. Cum 'alo 'ont(<'ant) 'i gei. I almost fell. Cum 'alo
'opt(<'apt) ma'ihi. You almost hit him. Cum 'alo 'opt(<'apt) hab ju:. You almost did it.
Cum 'alo ves 'i ce g ta. The sun is almost completely up.

'alo in a ['al] 'i 'alo Adv Expr: a while

ex: ... mat a 'i 'alo hu (g ta). ... a while after sundown.

'alo in a 'i 'alo Stat Expr impers [Neutr: def a 'i 'alo. Interr: a 'i 'alo=ka-him]: to be a
while
ex: Nt o 'u:pam 'ep jiva mat o a 'i 'alo. I'll be back in a while. a 'at o 'i 'alo. In a
while. T o 'ip a 'i 'alo. After a while (first it will be a while). Mapt gm hu hi: 'am a
'i 'alokahim, t(<kut) 'i a(<va) jiva. He arrived a while after you had gone.

'Al 'Oidag NExpr(?): name of a village

'ama'i Stat intr [Neutr: indef 'ama'i; def 'ama'i=k. Interr: 'ama'i=ka-him. Dur: 'ama'i=ka-
d]: to be down there
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'ama'i/ 'am[]cud
ex: 'Ama'i 'o. He is down there. 'At 'am o 'ama'ik. He will be down there. 'Ama'ikahim
'o. He used to be down there. 'At 'am o 'ama'ikad. He will be down there (for some
time).

'ama'ic/ 'ama'ikc semi Stat intr [Neutr: def and indef 'ama'ic/'ama'ikc. Interr:
'ama'ic=ka-him. Dur: 'ama'ici-d]: to be staying down there

'am[]c see Vtr 'am[]cud= to recognize/ understand obj

'am[]cud Vtr [Neutr: def 'am[]c. Interr: 'am[]cuda-him. Compl: 'am[]-cud-ok;

immed: 'am[]cud-oka-'i]: to recognize/ understand obj
ex: M'amc 'ant. I understand you(sg). Napt 'amc? Do you understand me? 'Amc
'ant. I get it (understand him). Pi 'int(<'ant) m'amc. I did not understand you(sg). Pi
'int(<'ant) 'em'amc. I do not understand you(pl). Pi 'itt(<'att) 'em'amc. We did not
understand you(pl). M(<'am) g ab 'i 'a'amcudad, ptp(<kuptp) o a(<va) 'amc. Keep on
figuring it out, you may get it. Pi 'i(<'a) hab a 'i 'elid mans o 'amc hega'i. I do not
think that I will understand him. 'A ha'amcudahim g hai'ok. I am getting to
understand their language. Ha-'ac-ha'amcudahim g hai'ok. We are getting to
understand their language. 'A heg 'am haha 'amcudok hab kaij ha'ap. After he
understood him, he spoke in that fashion (hearsay).

'am[]cud Vtr [Neutr: def 'am[]c]: to find out about obj

ex: T(<kut) o m'amc 'ab g'amje hega'i ma mvemaj. He will find out from that the fact
that you are with me (he will find you out from that that you are with me). T(<kut) o a
t'amcudok(a'i) 'atp hascu ab o a(<va) has 'eju: hega'i Ho'ok. If she finds us out, she is
bound to do something, that Witch.

'am[]cud in ha'icu 'am[]cud VExpr: to acquire understanding, knowledge

ex: T(<kut) o a(<va) ha'icu 'amc 'am 'i ge'edak. He will acquire knowledge when he has
grown up. Nt o macamk o ha'icu 'amc. I'll go to school in order to acquire
knowledge. Heg 'o ha'icu 'amcudahim. He is acquiring knowledge. Pt<kupt) o 'ip
ha'icu 'amcudok. First, you must acquire knowledge.

'am[]cud s- semi Stat tr [Neutr: def s-'am[]c; indef s-'am[]cud. Interr: s- 'am[]-cuda-
him/ 'am[]cud=ka-him Dur: s-'am[]cuda-d/ 'am[]cud=ka-d]: to recognize, understand,
know, be wise to, obj
ex: Nap 'am a(<va) s'amcud ma has kaij. Do you understand what I say (Do you
understand me who is talking)? Nap s'amcud ma hei u? Do you(sg) recognize
who I am (Do you recognize me who I am)? Nam 'am a(<va) s'amcud ma has kaij?
Do you(pl) understand me?-- Nap 'am a(<va) st'amcud mac has kaij? Do you(sg)
understand us? Pi 'i(<'a) a 'i 'amcud mas has kaij. I do not understand what he says.
Pi 'i(<'a) a 'i 'amcud hega'i mo hekid 'am 'i iok. I do not recognize his voice (I do
not recognize him when he speak). Pi 'o 'amcud ma hekid 'i cum iok. He does not
 409

'am[]cud/ 'am[]cud
recognize my voice (he does not recognize me when I speak). M(<'am) 'a a(<va) cum
s'amcudahim/s'amcudkahim. I used to understand him/it. Nt o a(<va) s'amcudad/
s'amcudkad. I will understand him/it. S'amcud mo hascu 'i 'a:gidas 'ab 'amje g 'ali.
He/they know(s) what is said about the child. Ku si s'ap s'amcud mas hascu u 'a:o. I
do not know too well what 'a:o is.

'am[]cud s-cu semi Stat [sgs (Neutr indef s-cu-'am[]cud; def s-cu-'am[]cud=k. Interr:
s-cu-'am[]cuda-him/ 'am[]cud=ka-him. Dur: s-cu-'am[]cuda-d/ 'am[]cud=ka-d); pls: s-
cu-'a'ami[]cud]: to be clever, intelligent
ex: Hega'i 'o'odham 'o scu'amcud/ ha'icu s'amcud. That fellow is clever. Scu-'up(<'ap)-
'amcud. You(sg) are smart. Hegam 'o'odham 'o scu'a'amcud. Those fellows are clever.
'I:da'a cehia 'atk o scu'amcudk mat hekid o 'i ge'eda. This girl will (evidential) be
clever when she grows up (has grown up). T o a(<va) scu'amcudad/scu'amcudkad. He
will be clever. T o a(<va) scu'a'amcudad/scu'a'amcudkad. They will be clever. Cum
'o scu'amcudahim/scu'amcudkahim. He used to be clever.

'am[]cud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'am[]c]: to get to recognize, understand, know, each
other
ex: Namt 'am a(<va) 'a(<'e)'amc? Do you(pl) know each other? 'E-'et(<'at)-'e'amc.
They know each other.
'a'ai 'e-'am[]cud VExpr reflex: to recognize, understand, know, one another
ex: Vat o a(<va) 'a'ai 'e'amc. They will recognize one another.

'am[]cud s-'e semi Stat reflex: to recognize, understand, know each other
ex: M(<'am) 'ac a st'amcud. We know each other.
'a'ai s-'e-'am[]cud semi Stat Expr reflex: to recognize, understand, know one another
ex: M 'ac a(<va) 'a'ai st'amcud. We know one another.

'am[]cud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'am[]c. Interr: 'e-'am[]cuda-him]: to know what to do

ex: T(<kut) o a(<va) 'a(<'e)'amc mat hekid o ge'eda. He will be knowledgeable when he
grows up. Pi 'int(<'ant) 'amc mans has o ju:. I do not know what to do 'A:i s'ap
nta:tk map 'e'amcudahim. I am glad that you are getting to be wise.

'am[]cud s-'e semi Stat reflex [sgs (Neutr: def s-'e-'am[]c; indef s-'e-'am[]cud. Interr:
s-'e-'am[]cuda-him/s-'e-'am[]cud=ka-him); pls: s-'e-'a'am[]cud]: to know where one is at
ex: S'e'amcud 'o. He knows his business. S'amcud 'a. I know my business. a
'a(<'o) va 'i s'e'amcud 'i:da'a kavyu. This horse knows his business. 'Oia 'am haha 'i
hab ju: matp hasko hab 'i s'e'amcud. Then he did it the best he knew how. Gami 'atp
hu haje:g g Ban matp has 'i masma s'e'am[]cud. Coyote addressed them in his best
manner (the best way he knew how). Hek hu mo s'e'amcudahimc/ scu'amcudkahimc
hemu haha pi 'i(<'e)'amcud. He used to know his business, but now he does not. Pi
'i(<'e)'amcud mas hascuk'ab hebi(<heba'i) o dahiva. He does not know on what to sit
down. Pi 'int(<'ant) 'amc. I am mixed up.
 410

'am[]cudaag/'amog

'am[]cudaag N inalien [3rd pers sg: 'am[]cudaga-j]: knowledge, wisdom

ex: M'amcudaag ba'ic 'i ge'ej mo 'a:i'i. Your knowledge is greater than mine.

'am[]cudam s-cu N subst sg [pl: s-cu-'a'am[]cudam]: wise one, council man lawyer

'am[]cudam vu s-cu- Stat Expr [sgs (Neutr: def vu s-cu-'am[]cudam-k); pls: vu

s-cu-'a'am[]cudam]: to be a learned, wise one; a council man, a lawyer, a business man
ex: 'I:da'a viapoi 'at u o scu'amcudamk mat hekid o 'i ge'eda. This boy will be a wise
one when he grows up.

'am[]cudam s-ta Adv: understandably, intelligibly

ex: Sta-'a(<'o)-'amcudam iok. He talks in an intelligible way.

'am[]cudama s-ta V subst sgs [pls: s-ta-'a'am[]cudama]: to be understandable,

intelligible
ex: Sta-'a(<'o)-'amcudama. He is understandable. M(<'am) 'u(<'o) a(<va)
sta'a'amcudama. They are understandable.

'amjekam N inalien [sg (3rd pers sg: 'amjekama-j); pl: 'a'amjekam]: descendant

'amjekam vu Stat Expr sing [mult: 'a'amjekam]: to be the descendant of; to be

from, a native of
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) 'amjekam. He is my descendant. Heg 'o (<vu) 'amjekamaj.
He is his descendant.-- Pi 'i(<'a) ma:c mans hei(<hea'i) u 'amjekam. I do not know
my origin (whose descendant I am). Pi 'i(<'a) ma:c mans hebi(<heba'i) u
'amjekam. I do not know where I am from.-- Bap u 'amjekam? Where are you(sg)
from? Bam u 'amjekam? Where are you(pl) from?
do'ag 'amjekam vu Stat Expr: to be from the mountain
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) do'ag 'amjekam. He is from the mountain.
jevho 'amjekam vu Stat Expr: to be a badger descendant
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) jevho 'amjekam. He is a descendant of the gopher.

'amjekam vu Stat Expr: to be the origin, cause, reason

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) 'amjekam mant heghekaj 'ab 'i me:. That is the reason why I came
here (running).

'amo see Vintr 'amog= to make an announcement

'amog Vintr sgs (for pls see 'a'amog) [Neutr: def 'amo; hort and indef 'amog; imper:
'amoga-]: to make an announcement
ex: 'Am 'ant o 'amo je:gidac'e. I'll make an announcement at the meeting. Heg 'o
'amog. He is making an announcement.
 411

'amogid/ 'ap

'amogid Vtr sgs (for pls see 'a'amogid) [Neutr: def 'amog; indef and hort 'amogid]:
to make an announcement to obj
ex: 'An ha'amog g hemajkam. He made an announcement to the people.

'amog see Vtr 'amogid= to make an announcement to obj

'angid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'ang]: to flap one's wings

'ang see Vreflex 'e-'angid= to flap one's wings

'a:l (Span: ail) N alien: blueing (tablets or liquid)

ex: Bapt dai g 'a:l? Where did you put the blueing (bottle)?

'a:lmad Vtr [Neutr: def 'a:lmad]: to put blueing into obj

ex: Nt o 'a:lmad g vakona. I will put blueing into my washing.

'a:lmag s- Stat (sgs [Neutr: indef s-'a:lmag; def s-'a:lmag=k. Dur: s-

'a:lmag=ka-d. Interr: s-'a:lmag=ka-him]; pls: s-'a'ailmag): to be bluish, light blue
ex: S'a:lmag 'o. It is bluish. Cum 'o s'a:lmagkahim. It used to be light blue.

'a:lmagim s- Adv sg [pl: s-'a'ailmagim]: blueing-like

ex: s'a:lmagim sce:dag= blueing-blue(sg) s'a'ailmagim scehedag= blueing-
blue(pl).

'ailo (Span: anillo) N indiv inalien [pl: 'a'ailo]: ring

'ap s- Adj sg [pl: s-'a'ap]: good

ex: Heg 'o s'ap u 'o'odham. He is a good man. Hegam 'o s'a'ap u 'o'odham. They are
good men. 'Id 'o s'ap u ha'icu 'am mveheji. This is good (a good thing) for you(sg).
S'ap ha'icukaj 'ant 'i a(<va) jiva. I came here with good intentions (with a good thing).
pi 'ap Adj Expr: bad
ex: Nap sma:c hega'i pi 'ap 'o'odham? Do you(sg) know that bad man? Nap shama:c
hegam pi 'a'ap 'o'odham? Do you(sg) know those bad men?

'ap s- Adv: well, being able to, knowing how to

ex: B(<hab) 'o 'a:gid map a 'i s'ap 'O'odham-iok. I am told that you speak pretty good
'O'odham. Nt o s'ap hekaj g navait. I will use wine with moderation (well). Tp
(<kutp) hems 'am o a(<va) s'ap hab 'eju:. Perhaps it can be done.
pi 'ap Adv Expr: badly, poorly
ex: Heg 'o pi 'ap hekaj g navait. He used wine immoderately (not well). Pi g 'am hu
pi 'ap 'eju. Don't behave badly. Pi g 'am hu ha'icu pi 'ap ju. Don't do anything
wrong. Pi int(<'ant) 'ap o vu: g nu:k. I can't tie my shoe.
 412

'apap/ 'apculid

'apap N inalien [sg(1st pers sg: -'apap)]: father (term used by a child to address or refer
to his father when the latter belongs to the 'Apapgam sib of the Coyote moiety)

'Apapgam N aggreg: the group of people belonging to a sib of the Coyote moiety
(Affiliation to the group is carried through the males)
ex: Heba'i ki: g 'Apapgam? Where do the 'Apapgam live?

'Apapgam vu Stat Expr: to be an 'Apapgam (a member of the 'Apapgam sib of the

Coyote moiety)
ex: Nap sma:c hega'i mas u 'Apapgam? Do you(sg) know whether he is a 'Apapgam?

'apap 'oks N Expr: term used by a man to refer to or address his father's or mother's
older sister

'apcu s- N subst: the right thing

ex: T ab hab ju: g s'apcu. He did the right thing. Nap bei g s'apcu? Did you(sg) get
the right one?
pi 'apcu subst NExpr: the wrong thing
ex: T ab hab ju: g pi 'apcu. He did the wrong thing.

'apcu-behe s-VComp : to get the right thing

ex: Nap s'apcu-bei? Did you(sg) get the right thing?
pi 'apcu-behe VExpr: to get the wrong thing
ex: Pi 'ipt(<'apt) 'apcu-bei. You got the wrong one.

'apcudac see Vdtr 'apcudacud= to prepare obj for somebody

'apcudacud Vdtr [Neutr: def 'apcudac; hort 'apcudacud]: to fix obj for somebody
(same as 'apculid)
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o a(<va) 'i m'apcudac. I will fix it/them for you(sg). B(<'ab) g 'i
'apcudacud! Fix it/them for me!

'apcudacud Vdtr [Neutr: def 'apcudac; hort 'apcudacud]: to bless obj for somebody
ex: M(<'am) 'ant o a(<va) 'i m'apcudac. I will bless it/them for you(sg). 'Am g 'i
'apcudacud! Bless it/them for me!

'apcudas Stat: to be prepared, made ready

'apculid Vdtr [Neutr: def and hort 'apculid]: to fix obj for somebody (same as
'apcudacud)
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o a(<va) 'i m'apculid. I will fix it/them for you(sg). B(<'ab) g 'i
'apculid. Fix it/them for me.
 413

'ape

'ape s- Stat tr [Neutr: indef s-'ape; def s-'ape=k. Interr: s-'ape=ka-him. Dur: s-'ape=ka-d]:
to be pleasing to obj
ex: 'Apt o s'apek. You will please me.
pi 'ape Stat Expr tr: to be displeasing to obj
ex: 'Apt pi vo 'apek. You will displease me.
ha'icu pi 'ape VExpr tr: to have something bothering obj
ex: Pi 'o ha'icu 'am hu pi 'ape. Nothing is bothering me. 'ea 'o ha'icu pi 'ape. My
stomach is bothering me (inside me something is bothering me). ...c heg sgakc pi
'it(<'at) ha'icu 'an hu o pi 'apekad. ...and that one being skinny, nothing will bother him.

'ape s- Stat intr (sg [Neutr: indef s-'ape; def and hort s-'ape=-k. Interr: s-'ape=ka-him.
Dur: s-'ape=ka-d); pls [Neutr: indef s-'a'ape. Interr: s-'a'ape=ka-him]): to be good, to
behave properly, normally
ex: Nap 'am ab 'i s'ape? Did you behave properly? M(<'am) g ab 'i s'apek! Behave
properly! 'A:pi 'ipt(<'apt) o s'apek! You(sg) will behave properly! M(<'am) g o ab 'i
s'apekad! Be behaving (you pl) properly! Pt gm hu ab o s'apekad nt 'ida hab mjuk.
You(sg) will be normal again after what I have done to you. Gami hu va ha'ap s'ape
hegam vi:piop. They are back to normal, those boys.-- S'a'ape 'o hegam hemajkam. Those
people are good. S'a'apekahim 'o. They used to be good
pi 'ape Stat Expr intr: not to be worthy
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) a 'i 'ape mans 'ab o vu:pli'o g u:k-gigiaaj. I am not worthy of tying
his shoe strings.

'ape in ha'icu s-'ape 'am hema veheji VExpr intr: to be useful to somebody
ex: T o tveheji ha'icu s'apek. She will be useful to us.

'ape in s-'ape 'ab ha'icu 'amje VExpr intr: to be satisfied because of/ with obj
ex: 'A:i 'a s'ape 'ab 'amje 'i:da'a. I am satisfied with this.

'ape in s-'ape 'am hema veheji VExpr intr: to be satisfied with obj
ex: Nap 'am a(<va) s'ape veheji? Are you(sg) satisfied with me?

'ape in s-'ape 'e-ve:m VExpr intr: to get along with each other (same as s-'e-'ape)
ex: M(<'am) 'at ab o 'i s'apek 'eve:m. They will get along with each other.

'ape s- Stat tr impers [Neutr: indef s-'ape]: to be all right with obj
ex: No 'om(<'am) a(<va) sm'ape? Are you(sg) feeling well? No 'om(<'am) a(<va)
s'em'ape? Are you(pl) feeling well? M(<'am) 'o ob(<vab) a 'i s'ape. I am feeling
quite well. M(<'am) 'o ob(<vab) 'i st'ape. We are feeling rather well. No hig pi
'am a(<va) s'ape mant hab o nju: mantp hascu o 'i tacu? Isn't it perfectly all right for me
to do whatever I please?
 414

'ape/ 'ap[e]cud

'ape s- Stat intr impers [Neutr: indef s-'ape; def s-'ape=k. Interr: s-'ape=ka-him. Dur: s-
'ape=ka-d]: to be all right, fine
ex: No 'om(<'am) a(<va) s'ape? Is it all right? M(<'am) 'u(<'o) a(<va) s'ape. It is all
right. No 'om(<'am) a(<va) ves ha'icu s'ape? Is everything all right a 'a(<'o) va 'i
s'ape. It is quite all right. No pi 'am a(<va) s'ape. It is all right (I accept). 'I 'o va 'i
s'ape. It is fine enough. Tp(<kutp) hems o s'apek. Maybe it would be all right.
D(<vu) 'aptp o vepo ge'e hemajkamk kupt o s'apekad hega'i. If you were as grown as I
am, it would be alright. 'I hu 'i s'ape mant o ga: g cikpan. It is now all right for me to
hunt for a job. ... c hekaj 'am a(<va) s'ape mapt 'a:pi vo va bei hega'i 'alicu. ... and
consequently it is all right for you(sg) to get the youngest.
pi 'ape Stat Expr intr impers: not to be all right
ex: Kutp 'ea pi 'ape mant 'am o 'i mve:mt?/ No pi 'ape mant 'am o 'i mve:mt? Can I
help you (isn't it all right if I help you)?

'ape s- Stat reflex [Neutr: indef s-'e-'ape; def s-'e-'ape=k. Interr: s-'e-'ape=ka-him. Dur:
s-'e-'ape=ka-d]: to get along with each other (same as s-'ape 'e-ve:m)
ex: M(<'am) ab 'i s'e'ape. They get along with each other. M(<'am) 'at ab o 'i
s'e'apekad. They will be getting along with each other.

'ap[e]cud Vtr [Neutr: def 'apec; hort and indef 'apcud. Interr: 'apcuda-him. Dur:
'apcuda-d]: to prepare obj, to get obj ready
ex: Nt o 'i 'apec g ki:. I will get the house ready. 'Ea 'am a(<va) has masma 'am 'apec
mat 'amje 'am o mei. Meanwhile they fixed it in such a way as to set fire to it.
M(<'am) g 'i 'apcud g ki: 'am nna'naipiju haveheji! Get the house ready for my friends!
M(<'am) 'o ob(<vab) 'i 'apcud g ki:. He is getting the house ready. Kutp ge ta 'am
ab 'i 'apcudahim ha'icu. They spent the whole day just getting things ready. M(<'am)
'ant haha ab o 'i 'apcudahi g ki:. I will get the house ready (with interruptions) later on.
M(<'am) g ab 'i 'apcudad g ki:! Keep on getting the house ready!

'ap[e]cud Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'a'apecud) [Neutr: def 'apec]: to help obj out
ex: ia k hab masma 'am 'i ha'apec. Well, and that is how he helped them out.

'ap[e]cud Vintr [Neutr: def 'apec]: to agree that ...

ex: mu'i 'ei'ovinahimc 'apec mat hab o ce:gigk "ta". While arguing a lot among each
other they agreed that it would be called "sun" (hearsay).

'ap[e]cud Vtr [Neutr: def 'apec/'apcud]: to bless obj

ex: Pa:l 'at 'am 'i ha'apec/ ha'apcud. The priest blessed them.

'ap[e]cud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'apec. Correl: 'e-'apcud-k; immed: 'e-'apcud-ka-'i]: to

prepare oneself, get ready
ex: Nt o 'i 'apec. I will prepare myself. Mamt 'am o si 'i(<'e)'apcudk o 'o(<'e)na:tokcid
cum hekid. Having prepared yourselves, be ready at all times.
 415

'ap[e]cud/ 'apet

'ap[e]cud Vreflex impers [Neutr: def 'e-'apec]: to get done, finished, to get to be
enough, satisfactory
ex: 'E'apec. It is enough. Hek hu 'am ab o 'i 'i(<'e)'apec mant 'am hab a(<va) cum
mju mat pi hea'i 'i(<'e)nako g hemajkam. It should now (already) be enough, since I
have done for you what nobody else could.

'ape[i]dag N inalien [3rd pers sg 'ape[i]da-j]: permit, license, right

ex: Nt bei g 'apedag. I got my permit. Milign pi 'egid g 'e'apedag mas o bei g jevu
'an 'O'odham-Jevu da:m. A White Man does not have the right to get land on the
'O'odham Reservation.

'ape[i]dag vu Stat Expr [Neutr: indef vu 'ape[i]dag; def vu 'ape[i]dag=k. Interr: vu

'ape[i]dag=ka-him]: to be a permit, license, right

'ape[i]dag in NExpr inalien ha'icu 'ape[i]dag: welfare, well being

'ape[i]dag in ha'icu pi 'ape[i]dag NExpr inalien: troubles, misery

ex: Hab masma mat 'ab 'i 'a:'ad g hemajkam 'am hi va 'amje 'i:da'a ha'icu pi t'apedag
'ama'i. The reason why the people sent me here is because of our troubles down there.

'ape[i]dag in vu ha'icu 'ape[i]dag Stat Expr: to be a good thing for obj

ex: Vi:b 'o skeg u ha'icu t'apedag. Milk is a good thing for us.

'apekam s- N subst: good one, right thing

ex: Heg tacu s'apekam. He/they want(s) what is good.
pi 'apekam subst NExpr: bad thing, evil, wrong thing
ex:...heghekaj mamt hema 'i hab o ju: hega'i pi 'apekam. ...because one
of you has done wrong. B(<'ab) 'at o mo:to'i g pi 'apekam. He/they will put
the responsibility for evil on me.

'apekam s- Adj: of good will, well meaning

ex: S'ap ta:hadkam 'am havui g s'apekam hemajkam. Peace to the people of good will.

'apema s- Vsubst: to look fine, all right

ex: a 'a(<'o) va s'apema. It looks quite fine.

'apet s- Vtr impers [Neutr: def and indef s-'apet]: to be good for/ agree with obj
ex: 'Id 'at o s'apet. This will be all right with me. Natk o va s'apet? Will it be all
r i g h t w ith h im? T k va a ' i s'apet. It will be quite all right with him.
pi 'apet VExpr tr impers: to be bad for/ disagree with obj
ex: 'I:da'a scuhugam pi ha'apet g ha'icu doakam. This darkness did not agree
with the living things.
 416

'apet

'apet s- Vintr impers [Neutr: def and indef s-'apet]: to be all right, to work out
ex: Pt 'am haha vo t'a:g mas has masma vo s'apet. Then you(sg) will tell us how it
will work out. Tk o va a 'i s'apet. It will be quite all right.
pi 'apet VExpr intr: not to work out, to cause trouble, to do wrong
ex: T(<kut) o 'om a(<va) pi 'apet. It did not work out. Pi 'it(<'at) 'am hu 'apet
heghekaj mo hega'i. It did not work out because of him. ... heghekaj m a p t ' a m
a < v a ) p i ' a p e t . . . . b e cause you have caused trouble. Begi ia matp hab
masma 'i a hu 'i pi 'apet hema g cehiagaj. Well, one of his daughters had caused
trouble.

'apet Vintr [Neutr: def 'apet. Correl: 'apet-k; immed: 'apet-ka-'i. Compl: 'apet-ok;
immed: 'apet-oka-'i]: to get to be ready, in order
ex: Ves ha'icu 'apetok tt(<kutt) 'am haha vo hihi. After everything is in order, then
we'll go down there. Mhodai-cu'i-va:ga 'at 'apet. Your cement mixture is ready.
pi 'apet 'ab hema/ha'icu 'amje VExpr intr: to get annoyed at/ disrupted
by obj
ex: ia k 'oia 'am hab ab 'i pi 'apet g hemajkam 'ab 'amje hega'i 'ali. Well, and then
the people got annoyed at that child. ia k 'oia 'am hab ab 'i pi 'apet g
hemajkam haki:dag 'ab 'amje hega'i. Well, and then the daily life of the people got
disrupted by that one.
'apet 'ab 'e-vui VExpr intr: to get along with each other (same as 'e-'apet)
ex: Namt 'ab o 'i 'apet 'evui? Will you get along with each other? B(<'ab) g o 'i
'apet 'evui! Get along with each other!

'apet Vreflex [Neutr: def and hort 'e-'apet] : to get along with each other (same as 'apet
'ab 'e-vui)
ex: 'Oia heghekaj 'ab 'i pi 'i(<'e)'apet. But because of that they did not get along with each
other. B(<'ab) g o 'i 'i(<'e)'apet! Get along with each other!

'apet Vtr impers sg (for plo see 'a'apet) [Neutr: def 'apet. Interr: 'apeta-him] to
make obj get well
ex: T(<kut) o a(<va) m'apet. It will make you get well. M(<'am) 'at a(<va) 'apet.
It made me get well. M(<'am) 'o ob(<vab) a(<va) a 'i 'apetahim. It is making
me somewhat get better.

'apet Vintr sgs (for pls see 'a'apet ) [Neutr: def 'apet. Interr: 'apeta-him;
concurs 'apeta-him-c. Compl: 'apet-ok; immed: 'apet-oka-'i] : to get well, to recover
ex: Heg 'at o 'apet. He will get better. 'Apet 'at. He has recovered. M(<'am) 'ant
a(<va) 'apet. I have recovered. 'Apetahim 'a. I am recovering. Vat o 'apetahid.
He is going to be recovering (with interruptions). T o 'apetad. He will be getting better
(steadily).-- M(<'am) 'u(<'o) a(<va) cum 'apetahimc hemu 'ep 'o mumku. He was
getting better but now he is sick again. T o 'ip 'am 'apetoka'i tt(<kutt) 'am haha vo
hihi. Let him get better first, then we will go down there.
 417

'apetama/ 'apolad

'apetama s- V subst: to look improved

ex: Tk o va a s'apetama. It will look somewhat improved

'Apkigam N aggreg [distr: 'A'apkigam]: a group of people belonging to a sib of the

Coyote moiety (Affiliation to the group is carried through the males)
ex: Heba'i ki: g 'Apkigam? Where do the Apkigam live?

'Apkigam vu Stat Expr: to be a 'Apkigam (a member of the 'Apkigam sib of the

Coyote moiety)
ex: Nap sma:c hega'i mas u 'Apkigam. Do you know whether he is a 'Apkigam?

'apk N inalien[1rst pers sg 'apk]: father (term used by a child to address or

refer to his father when the latter belongs to the 'Apkigam sib of the Coyote
moiety)

'apk 'oks NExpr: term used by a man to refer to or address his father's or his mother's
older sister

'apkog s- Stat [sgs Neutr: indef s-'apkog; def s-'apkog=k. Interr: s-'apkog=kahim.
Dur: s-'apkog=ka-d]: pls: 'a'apkoag): to be in good condition, accessible, practicable
ex: No s'apkog hega'i vo:g? Is that road in good condition? No s'a'apkoag hegam
vopog? Are those roads in good condition? Cum 'o s'apkogkahim. It used to be in
good condition. Cum 'o s'a'apkoagkahim. They used to be in good condition.
pi 'apkog Stat Expr: to be inaccessible
ex: Pi hega'i 'apkog hega'i do'ag mas haskoji 'am o 'i ce. That mountain is
inacessible from all sides (nowhere is that mountain acessible, from whatever side
it is climbed).

'apkoji s- Adj [pl: s-'a'apkoji]: right

ex: s'apkoji nta: my right foot --s'apkoji mamcpu= my right arm and hand--
S'a'apkoji 'eno:nhai 'ab o 'i 'u'ul! Raise your (pl) right hands!

'apkoji Postp [pl: s-'a'apkoji]: on/ to the right side of obj

ex: 'An 'o sm'apkoji ve:c. It is (lying) on the right side of you(sg).-- 'An 'o sha'a'pkoji
ve:c. It is(lying) on the right side of them.-- 'In 'o hob(hab) s'apkoji ve:c. It is (lying) on
the right side of him/it.-- 'Im hab s'apkoji 'i vua. I put myself on the right side of him/it.

'apolad Vtr sgo (for plo see 'a'apolad) [Neutr: def 'apolad]: to put a lining in/ to
line obj
ex: Nt o 'apolad g li:va. I will put a lining in may coat.
 418

'apolag/'asugal- toaku

'apolag N inalien [3rd pers sg: 'apolaga-j]: lining

ex: Hekhiu g li:va, 'apolagaj svia. My coat is old, its lining is torn.
ki: 'apolag NExpr(?): coat of mud lining the walls of a house
li:va 'apolag NExpr(?) inalien [1st pers sg: -li:va 'apolag]: coat lining

'apolag Stat [Neutr: indef 'apolag; def 'apolag=k. Interr: 'apolag=ka-him]: to be

lined, to have a lining
ex: No 'ob(<'ab) ge 'apolag g mli:va? Does your coat have a lining?-- Cum ge
'apolagkahim. It used to have a lining.

'ap-':mad VComp tr sgo (for plo see 'ap-''umad) [Neutr: def and hort 'ap-
':mad]: to perfume obj
ex: Nt o m'ap-':mad. I'll perfume you(sg).

'ap-':mad VComp reflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'ap-''umad): to perfume oneself
ex: Nt o 'ap-':mad. I'll perfume myself.

'ap-''umad VComp tr plo (for sgo see 'ap-':mad) [Neutr: def and hort: 'ap-
''umad]: to perfume obj
ex: Nt o 'em'ap-''umad. I'll perfume you (pl).

'ap-''umad VComp reflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'ap-':mad): to perfume oneself

'asugal (Span: ascar; dial: 'asuga) N alien mass [distr: 'a'asugal]: granulared sugar
ex: M(<'am) g ha vua'i g 'asugal vasib 'e! Put some granulated sugar in my drink! --
B(<'ab) haha vo 'i ha bek g 'e'asugalga! Bring (you sg) some of your granulated sugar!--
B(<'ab) haha vo 'i ha beebe 'e'a'asugalga! Each one of you will bring some of his
granulated sugar!
cu'i-'asugal NExpr mass [distr: cu'i-'a'asugal]: powder sugar
ex: M(<'am) g ha vua'i g cu'i-'asugal kavh:ga 'e! Put some powdered sugar in my
coffee!
cu:cpul-'asugal NExpr aggreg [distr: cu:cpul-'a'asugal]: sugar cubes
ex: M(<'am) g ha'i ulig g cu:cpul-'asugal vasib e! Put some sugar cubes in my
drink!
do:dakam-'asugal NComp aggreg [distr: do:dakam-'a'asugal; reflex: 'e-do:dakam-
'a'asugal=ga]: sugar lumps
ex: B(<'ab) haha vo 'i ha'u:'u g 'edo:dakam-'a'asugalga! Each one of you will bring
some sugar lumps!

'asugal-cekku NComp indiv [pl: 'asugal-ceckku]: sugar bowl for granulated sugar

'asugal-toaku NComp indiv: sugar bowl for sugar cubes

 419

'a/ 'atol

'a Vtr [Neutr: indef 'a; concurs 'a-c. Dur: 'aa-d. Interr: 'aa-him]: to laugh at obj
ex: Nap si 'a? Are you laughing at me ?-- 'Oia 'am hab ab 'i 'a g 'U:pio. Then Skunk
just laughed at him.--Ku ab si ha'a hegam 'u'uv. Those girls just laughed at them.--Si
'aahim. He/they have been laughing very hard at me.--Pi g 'am 'aad! Don't be
laughing at me!-- 'A a:cu 'o hob(<hab) 'ac hab kaij g mje:j? What is it that your mothers
are making such a noise laughing at?--Mat hema ha'icu sta:hadam o 'a:gidad, tt o 'aad.
When someone says something in a funny way, we laugh at him.

'at N inalien [sg(3rd pers sg: 'ata-j, 'ata-); pl: 'a'at]: anus, rear end
ex: 'an 'ata 'an= on his/her rear end

'at N: beginning of a basket or jar

'at Stat [sg(Neutr: indef 'at; def 'at=k. Interr: 'at=ka-him]: to have an anus, rear end

'at Stat: to be the end of a story

ex: 'At o 'atk. It will be the end of the story.

'atapu Ninalien [sg(3rd pers sg: 'atapua-j); pl: 'a'atapu]: buttocks

'atc see Vtr 'atcud= to start a basket

'atcud Vtr sing (for mult see 'a'atcud) [Neur: def 'atc; hort 'atcud. Interr: 'atcuda-him]:
to start a basket, to make the bottom of a basket
ex: Nt o hema 'atc. I'll start a basket.--M(<'am) g 'i hema 'atcud! Start a basket!--
'Atcudahim 'a. I am starting a basket.

'atcuda N inalien sg [pl: 'a'atcuda]: bottom of a basket being made

'atgid V reflex [Neutr: def 'atg; hort 'atgid]: to shake one's rear end

'atg see Vreflex 'e-'atgid= to shake one's rear end

'atkam N subst sg [pl: 'a'atkam]: one with an anus, rear end

Kalid-'Atkam Comp(?): a nickname (one-with-a-rear-end-like-a-wagon)
Li:ma-'Atkam Comp(?): a nickname (one-with-a-rear-end-like-a-grindstone)
S'uam-'Atkam Comp(?): a nickname (one-with-a-stinking-anus)

'atol N mass alien/inalien [3rd pers sg: 'atol=ga-j/'atoli-j; distr: 'a'ato'ol]: gravy
ex: Sna:k 'a g 'atol. I like gravy.
vihog 'atol NComp(?): mesquit beans gravy
ex: S'iov 'o g vihog-'atol. The gravy made out of mesquite beans tastes sweet.
 420

'atol/'a'ada

'atol see V intr 'atolt= to make gravy

'atolt Vintr Unit (for Distr see 'a'ato'olt) [Neutr: def 'atol; hort 'atolt]: to make gravy
ex: Nt o ho(<ha) 'atol. I'll make some gravy.--M(<'am) g ha 'atolt! Make some gravy!

'atolta M mass inlien [distr: 'a'ato'olta]: gravy in the process of being made

'atoa N inalien indiv [pl: 'aatoa]: loin cloth; diaper

'atoat V sing: to make a loin cloth, a diaper

'atoad Vtr [Neutr: def and hort atoad]: to put a loin cloth/ a diaper on obj

'atoad Vreflex: to put a loin cloth/ a diaper on oneself

'atva V intr Unit (for Repet see 'atvup): to sit down hard, to bump one's seat
ex: Si 'atva 'ant. I sat down hard.-- 'Atva 'ant 'ab daikut'ab. I bumped my seat against the
chair.

'atvup V intr Repet (for Unit see 'atva) [Neutr: def and indef 'atvup. Interr: 'atvupa-
him]: to sit down hard, bump one's seat, repeatedly
ex: Cum 'o hekid 'ab si 'atvup 'ab ha'icuk 'ab. He is always bumping his seat hard agains
something.

'auppa (dial: 'aoppa) N indiv [sg(3rd pers sg: 'auppa=ga-j; loc: 'auppa-t-'am); pl:
'a'uppa]: cottonwood tree (Populus detroites Marsh)

'auppag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'a'uppag): to be full of cottonwoods in
one location

'auppa-hiosig NComp: cottonwood catkins

'a'abkam see N 'abkam= relative

'a'ada see N ianlien 'a:da= palate

'a'ada Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'a:j) sgs: to put obj around one's neck repeatedly

'a'ada Vreflex impers Repet [Neutr: def 'e-'a'ada]: to get put around the neck repeatedly
ex: Mo 'on(<'an) 'e'a'ada. (A necklace is) that which gets put around the neck repeatedly.
 421

'a'ada/ 'a'aga

'a'ada Vtr [Neutr: def 'a'ada. Interr: 'a'ada-him]: to devine the cause of a sickness
ex: Ma:kai 'at o 'a'ada 'i:da'a mumkidag. The medicine man is going to devine the cause
of this sickness.--'Am 'o 'a'adahim. He has been devining the cause of it.

'a'ada N: act of devining the cause of a sickness

'a'adame Vtr Unit [Neutr: def 'a'adam]: to go and devine the cause of a sickness
ex: Ma:kai 'at 'am o 'a'adam. The medicine man will go down there to devine the cause of
it (the sickness).

'a'ada i'ok NExpr(?): devining speech (given to help the medicine man get power to
devine the cause of a sickness)

'a'aavig s-Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'aavig): to be full of buffalo gourds in
several locations
ex: a 'a(<'o) va 'i s'a'aavig. It's full of buffalo gourds all over.

'a'ao see 'a:o= parrot; peacock

'a'aog s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'a''aog): to be full of parrots, peacocks,
in a single location

'a'ag (redupl of *'a:g) N inalien [sing (3rd pers sg: 'a'aga-j); mult: 'a''ag]: a pair of horns
(belonging to an animal)
ex: Hegam haiva ha'a''ag smu'umk. The horns of those cows are pointed.

'a'ag Stat [pls: 'a''ag]: to have a pair of horns (said of an animal)

ex: Hega'i haiva ce'ecev 'a'ag. This cow has a pair of long horn.-- Hegam haiva ce'ecev
'a''ag. Those cows have long horns.

'a'aga Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'a:g) [Neutr: indef 'a'aga. Interr: 'a'aga-him. Dut: 'a'aga-
d]: to point at obj repeatedly
ex: 'An 'o 'a'aga do'agt'ab. He is pointing at the mountain.-- N(<'an) 'ap si 'a'aga. You are
pointing right at me, -- 'An 'a'agahim 'o. He has been pointing at it.-- N(<'an) g ab 'i
'a'agad! Keep on pointing at it!

'a'aga see N 'a:ga= a piece of news; story, tale

'a'aga vu hab/has StatExpr: with hab: to have a certain (specified) name; with has: to
have a certain (unspecified or strange) name
ex: K has u 'a'aga 'i:da'a? What is the name of this?
 422

'a'aga

'a'aga hab/has VExpr tr [Neutr: indef hab/has 'a'aga]: to call obj a certain way
ex: P(<kup) has 'a'aga hega'i? How do you call that?-- mo hob(<hab) hi va ha'a'aga g
'O'odham 'a:o. which the 'O'odham call parrots. --B(<hab) 'ac 'a'aga Teresa. We call
her Teresa.-- k 'emo:ms vo ha'a'agad. and she will be calling them her grandchildren.
-- Pi 'i(<'a) ma:c mats has 'a'aga. I don't know how they call it.

'a'aga hab VExpr reflex [Neutr: indef hab 'e-'a'aga]: to call each other by a certain name
(with a noun in apposition)
ex: Pi ma:c matp hab 'e'a'aga 'i:mig, 'i:mig. They don't know how to call each
other relative, my relative.

'a'aga hab/has VExpr tr Repet (for Unit see hab/has 'a:g ) [Neutr: indef
hab/has 'a'aga]: with hab: to call obj a certain specified way repeatedly; with has: to
call obj a certain unspecified or strange way
ex: Heg 'o cum hekid hab 'a'aga s'iattomkam. He calls me a liar all the time.

'a'aga hab/has Vreflex impers [Neutr: def and indef hab/has 'a'aga. Interr hab/has
'a'aga-him. Dur: hab/has 'a'aga-d]: with hab: to be called a certain specified
way; with has: to be called a certain unspecified or strange way
ex: K has 'e'a'aga he ga ' i' /a ' o ' o(<' e)' a' aga hega' i? / a:cu 'o hob(<hab) 'e'a'aga
hega'i,? How is that called? a: 'o 'e'a'aga 'O'odhamaj? How is it called in
'O'odham? Ha'ap 'o masma hab 'e'a'aga. That is the way it is called.
M(<'am) 'ant o smai mas has 'e'a'aga 'i:da'a 'u'uvhig. I would like to find out
how this bird is called. Go:kpa hab hi va 'e'a'aga hega'i. I think it has two
names (is called two ways). Ha'ap 'o 'e'a'agahim. That's how it used to be
called. B(<hab) 'at o 'e'a'agad hab masma. It will be called that way.

' a ' a g a hab VExpr tr [Neutr: def and indef hab 'a'aga. Interr: hab 'a'aga-him. Dur: hab
'a'aga-d]: to discuss/ talk about obj
ex: ia tp 'oia 'am hab haha 'i 'a'aga g hemajkam. Well, then the people talked
about him. ia matp g'amje 'an hab 'i 'a'aga 'idam hemajkam. Well, from then
on these people talked about him/it. ..c hekaj 'i hab m'a'aga. .. and that is why
they are talking about you here. Huunk 'att 'i o tnam k 'am o 'a'aga 'ab
'amje g vavhai. This evening we are going to meet and discuss the question of the
well. 'Am hab hi a(<va) cum na:nko masma 'am 'i 'a'aga mat hab o juk o mua.
They discussed various ways in which to kill him. Hek hu 'a'agahim 'o g hemajkam.
The people have already been discussing him/it. Pi g 'am hu ge 'a'agad, pi 'i(<'a) a
'i skaim! Don't (you sg) be talking about it, I don't want to listen to it!
 423

'a'aga/ 'a'agamkam

'a'aga hab VExpr reflex [Neutr: def and indef hab 'e-'a'aga]: to discuss a certain
topic
ex: Hek hu sma:c mo hob(<hab) a(<va) masma 'am 'e'a'aga g hemajkam. He
already knew what (how) the people had discussed.

'a'aga hab VExpr intr impers Repet (for Unit see hab 'a:g): to be said, reported,
repeatedly
ex: K hab hi va 'a'aga hi va'a. And (I think) it is always said that way indeed. ia k hab
'a'aga mo hemu 'ida 'an ma:s hega'i Ho'o k ' a b a ' i . W e l l , i t i s s a i d that to this day
she is visible up there, that Witch.

'a'aga Vtr mult (for sing see 'a:g) [Neutr: indef 'a'aga. Interr 'a'aga-him]: to tell a
story, to sing a song, several times in a row
ex: G 'o hu 'a'aga g e'i. Over there he/they sing a song. M(<'am) 'at o 'a'agahid g
e'ei. They are going to be singing songs (with interruptions). M(<'am) g ab 'i
'a'agad g e'i! Keep on singing the song! ia, b(<hab) 'o hi va masma hab 'a'agak
hegam mo sma:c g ha'icu-'a:ga. Well, this is how they tell it (I think), those who know
the story. 'Id 'a'agahim. This he sang repeating it over and over.

'a'aga has VExpr tr Repet (for Unit see has 'a:g) [Neutr: indef has 'a'aga]: to gossip
about obj repeatedly
ex: Heg 'o cum hekid has 'a'aga. He gossips about me each time.

'a'aga in ha'icu 'a'aga 'ab hema vui VExpr: to ask somebody's advice, to go to
somebody for advice
ex: Kuc 'a:cim 'i va mvui 'a'aga ha'icu mo heba'i ha'icu sta'e:bidam 'evua. We go
to you for advice whenever something frightening happens.

'a'aga in hejel 'e-'a'aga VExpr reflex [Neutr: def and indef hejel 'e-'a'aga] : to
discuss a matter among each other
ex: Matt a(<va) hejel 'am o 'i t'a'aga. We are going to discuss (the matter)
among ourselves.

'a'aga in na:nko 'a'aga VExpr tr Repet (for Unit see na:nko 'a:g) [Neutr:
indef na:nko 'a'aga]: to make fun of obj repeatedly
ex: Heg 'o cum hekid na:nko 'a'aga. He makes fun of me each time

'a'agam N subst: one with a pair of horns

'a'agamk see Stat s-cu-'a:gimk= to be talkative, a gossip

'a'agamkam see N subst s-cu-'a:gimkam = gossipy one
 424

'a'agam-/ 'a'agva

'a'agam-ko'ov N C o m p i n d i v [ p l : ' a ' a g a m - ko:ko'ov]: a variety of venomous

snakes, sidewinder

'a'agckva Vtr pls (for sgs see 'agckv a): to gore obj
ex: T o 'om(<'em)'a'agckva g totolo. The bulls are going to gore you(pl)

'a'agid in Ho'ok 'a'agid/ 'a'agid g Ho'ok VExpr dtr [Neutr: def 'a'ag; hort
'a'agid] to tell the Witch story to obj
ex: Nt o Ho'ok m'a'ag. I will tell you the Witch story. M(<'am) g 'i 'a'agid g
Ho'ok! Tell me the Witch story!

'a'agid Vdtr Repet (for Unit see 'a:gid; for Distr see 'a:'agid ): to tell something
to obj repeatedly
ex: Gm hu si hahuhu'uidc ha'a'agid. Chasing them away, he tells it to them repeatedly.

'a'agim s- Adv [pl: s-'a''agim]: secretly, in secret (same as s-'a'ag)

ex: S'a'agim 'ant 'am me: Cuk-on vui. I drove secretly to Tucson. S'a''agim 'am
memea Cuk-on vui. He repeatedly drives secretly to Tucson.

'a'agim s- Stat: to be a secret

ex: 'Id 'o s'a'agim. This is a secret.

'a'agimk see Stat s-cu-'a:gimk= to be talkative, a gossip

'a'agimkam see N subst s-cu-'a:gimkamk = gossipy one

'a'ag s- Adv [pl: s-'a''ag]: secretly, in secret (same as s-'a'agim)

ex: S'a'ag 'ant 'am me: Cuk-on vui. I drove secretly to Tucson.

'a'agka see N 'agka= a big light grey lizard

'a'agli see N 'a:gli= acre
'a'ago s- Adv [distr: s'a''ago]: in a secret place
ex: S'a'ago 'ot(<'at) 'e'e'esto. He/they hid in a secret place. 'Im h u s ' a ' a g o
' e ' e : s t o k c . H e / they stay(s) hidden back there in a secret place. S'a'ago 'o(<'a)
da. I am sitting in a secret place. S'a''ago 'ot(<'at) 'e'e'esto. He/they hid in several
secret places.

'a'agpaag see Stat s-'agpaag= to be sloping

'a'agva Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'agva): to avenge oneselve

ex: Tt o a t'a'agva. We will avenge ourselves. Pi g o 'om(<'am) 'e'a'agva! Don't
avenge yourselves!
 425

'a'ahe/ 'a'ahidag

'a'ahe Vtr [Neutr: def 'a'ahe. Correl: 'a'ahe-k. Dur: 'a'ahe-d. Interr: 'a'a-him]: to
reach, catch up with, get to be ahead of, obj
ex: M'a'ahe 'ant. I caught up with you. Pi 'ipt(<'apt) o 'a'ahe. You(sg) will not be
ahead of me. Pi 'int(<'ant) 'a'ahe. I can't reach it (did not reach it). Gm hu si
'i 'a'ahi ma 'am h e b a ' i g h a n a m k e : k . H e w a s about to reach the place where
there was a cholla. 'A'ahim 'attp hu 'i 'ama'i. Maybe we are almost there. T'a'ahim 'o.
He is catching up with us. (<ku) a(<va) 'ea 'i ha'oidc ha'a'ahim. But they were
right behind them. ... c 'i:da'a mat hekid 'ab o 'i 'a'ahed g Ho'ok. ... and every
time this reaches the Witch ... 'Ab 'a'ahek 'am hae:nc hegam 'eooiga. Having
reached the top (up there), they released their pets. Kupt ababa 'i has 'ejuk 'ab o
'a'ahek o ei. But it is impossible for you(sg) having reached her, to see her.

'a'ahe Vtr impers: to get to be somebody's turn

ex: 'Atp hems 'am 'i himdam 'ab o 'i t'a'ahe. Perhaps one day, it will be our turn.
Tp 'ab haha 'ep hi 'a'ahe mantp 'am has 'ep hi o cum nju:. (I think) It is now my turn to
try to do my best.

'a'ahe (redupl of *'ahe) Vreflex impers [Neutr: def 'e-'a'ahe. Interr: 'e-'a'a-him]: to
get to be a certain period of time
ex: Hemako 'ola 'atk 'e'a'ahe. It is one o'clock. Cum 'alo 'at 'i 'i(<'e)'a'ahe g
'o:la. It is almost time. Koi 'at 'ab hu a 'i 'i(<'e)'a'ahe mat 'ea o nonhat g
'u'uvhig. It is not yet the time when birds hatch. 'Ea 'o 'o(<'e)'a'ahim mat o jiva.
But it is getting close to the time when he comes.-- 'E-'etk(<'atk)-'e'a'ahe mamt has
o 'o(<'e)ju:. It is time for you(pl) to do something.

'a'ahe Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'a''ahe) [Neutr: def and indef 'a'ahe. Dur:
'a'ahea-d]: to reach obj reiteratedly
ex: .. c pi ha'a'ahe. ..and she does not catch u p w i t h a n y o f t h e m . . . c
'i:da'a mat hekid 'ab o 'i 'a'ahead heg Ho'ok t hesg hejel o je:j. ..and whenever this
reaches the Witch, she alone will smoke it.

'a'ahe Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'a'ahe. Dur: 'e-'a'ahea-d]: to get to be a certain time
reiteratedly
ex: Koi 'am hu 'e'a'ahe mat 'am o ho(<ha)e:nc. It is not yet their t u r n t o t h r o w
t h e m . . . m o hekid g 'ahidag 'e'a'ahe mo babbhe g bahidaj. ..when it is the
time of the year when the saguaro fruits ripen. B(<'ab) o 'i 'i(<'e) 'a'ahead g 'ahidag
kunt o babbed. Every year I will ripen.

'a'ahid see N 'ahid= year

'a'ahidag see N 'ahidag= year
 426

'a'ahidag/ 'a'aigoji

'a'ahidag in ves 'a'ahidag Adv Expr: every year

ex: Ves 'a'ahidag vo 'o:'oa g 'ehuhuga. Every year, they (people from different
places) will harvest their corn.

'a'ahidkam see 'ahidkam= yearling

'a'ahim see Vtr 'a'ahe= to reach obj

'a'ai Adv: each one of two

ex: c 'in 'a'ai 'u'a. ... and he carries them in each hand. Scu'ucvidk 'a'ai si
nceka. On each of my shoulders he drew a line. ia k venog 'am hab o 'i 'a'ai
himk Well, and after each of them had gone his own way

'a'ai Adv: in various directions

ex: ia k a(<va) voho 'am hu 'a'ai himtok 'eki:k vui... Well, and indeed after all of
them had gone to their respective houses ... 'An 'a'ai hab 'i 'i(<'e)ju:. They spread
out in all directions. C hekaj hab a(<va) 'i masma mamt gm hu 'a'ai hab
a(<va) 'i havui 'ejuk. And therefore the only thing for you(pl) to do is to disperse
yourselves. Gm hu 'a'ai hab 'i ju: g matai. He/they dispersed the ashes.
Matp haha himhimk 'a'ai bi:bij. After going there, they surrounded him from all sides.

'a'ai Adv: back and forth, to and fro, in and out

ex: 'A 'a'ai 'oimme. I am walking back and forth.-- 'U'us 'a'ai si heve. The trees
are swinging back and forth in the wind. Vab 'in 'a'ai hab o 'o(<'e)vuad
'i:da'a do'ag. This mountain will just sway to and fro. C 'ab gi'ikko 'a'ai 'i
'i(<'e)vamgid. And four times he goes up and down. 'An hi a(<va) 'a'ai dade. It kept
flying back and forth (I don't know why)'An hi a(<va) 'a'ai hihhim. He kept
walking back and forth (I don't know why).

'a'ai Adv (with reflexive verb or postposition): one another

ex: B(<hab) 'o kaij 'ab 'a'ai 'evui. They say to one another. 'A'ai 'o
'o(<'e)ceggia'a. They are fighting with one another.

'a'ai Postp: one each side of, both sides of obj

ex: 'a'ai= on each side of me-- 'In 'a'ai vo 'al je:jega. One each side of it, he will pierce
a kind of hole. 'ana'i hua mat 'am 'a'ai vo je:jegk. there, in the middle,
on each side of which there will be a hole.

'a'aigo see Postp 'aigo= on the other side of obj

'a'aigo see Adv 'aigo= over, on the opposite side
'a'aigoji see Postp 'aigoji= on the other side of obj
 427

'a'aiji/ 'a'alga

'a'aiji Adv: from all over, from all directions

ex: 'A'aiji 'i hihi. They had come from all directions. (<ku) 'ab hi va cum
ulig 'a'aiji. It is said that they tried in vain to shoot at him from all directions.

'a'aj N: kindling wood

'a'aj see Adj 'aj= narrow
'a'ajcu see N 'ajcu= thin one
'a'ajida Vintr pls (for sgs see 'ajida): to become narrower, thinner

'a'ajij see Stat 'ajij= to be narrow

'a'ajijka Vintr pls (for sgs see 'ajijka): to become narrow, thin

'a'ajijkad Vtr plo (for sgo 'ajijkad ): to narrow obj

'a'ajijkadaku see N 'ajijkadaku: chisel

'a'ajijkajid Vtr and dtr plo (for sgo see 'ajijkajid ) [Neutr: def 'a'ajijkaj; hort
'a'ajijkajid]: to narrow obj, to narrow obj for someone

'a'ajim see Adj s-'ajim= thin

'a'ajimk see Stat s-'ajimk= to be thin
'a'akidag see Stat Expr vu 'akidag= to be a wash
'a'akig see Stat intr 'akig= there is a wash, arroyo
'a'akimel see N 'akimel= river

'a'akimelig s- Stat impers: to be full of streams, rivers

'a'ak see N 'ak= wash, arroyo

'a'al see N alien 'ali= child
'a'alcu see N 'alicu= youngest, smallest one
'a'alcu see Stat Expr vu 'alicu= to be the youngest, smallest
'a'alga see Stat 'aliga= to have a child

'a'alga s- Stat: to have many children (used only about a woman)

ex: S'a'alga 'o. She has many children.
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'A'al Hihi'a/ 'a'am[]cud

'A'al Hihi'a/-Hiha'i NComp [loc: 'A'al-Hihi'a-t-'am]: name of a shrine near

Santa Rosa (Children's Graves)

'a'alidag see N 'alidag= child

'a'alidag see Stat Expr vu 'alidag= to be the child, descendant (of a man)
'a'alidag see Stat 'alidag= to have a child

'a'alidag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of children in one location

'a'alidagba see N inalien 'alidagba= deceased child (of a man)

'a'alidkam 'e- N subst: father and child

'a'alidt Vintr mult (for sing see 'alidt): to procreate, to get children (a man)

'a'aliag see Stat s-'aliag= to be childish

'a'alim s- Stat [sg (Neutr: indef 'a'alim; def s-'a'alim=k Interr: s-'a'alim=ka-him);
pls: s-'a''alim]: to be babyish
ex: S'a'alim 'o. He is babyish. S'a''alim 'o. They are babyish.

'a'alivhhana see N 'alivh:na= elephant

'a'alma s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-'a'alma; def and hort s-'a'alma=k. Interr: s-
'a'alma=ka-him); pls: s-'a''alma]: to be a cry-baby
ex: S'a'alma 'o. He is a cry-baby. Pi g 'am 'a'almakad! Don't be a cry-baby!

'a'almakam s- N subst sg [pl: 'a''almakam]: cry-baby

'a'alpa see N alien 'a:lpa= harp

'a'amc see Vtr 'a'amcud = to figure out obj
'a'amcud see semi Stat s-cu-'amcud= to be learned, clever, intelligent

'a'am[]cud Vtr [Neutr: def 'a'am[]c. Correl: 'a'am[]cud-k. Dur: 'a'am[]cuda-d]:

to figure out obj
ex: 'Am haha 'i 'a'amc g 'U:pio mat has masma ab spehegim o bei g cu:kug. Then,
Skunk figured out an easy way of getting the meat. Nt o ha'icu 'i 'a'amc 'ab
g'amje 'i:da'a i'ok. I want to find out something about this word. M(<'am) g
ab 'i 'a'amcudad, tp(<kutp) hems u(<o) a(<va) 'amc. Keep on figuring it out,
maybe you will understand it. Tt(<kutt) haha vo 'i 'a'amcudk 'am haha vo
m'a:g. After we have figured it out we will tell it to you.
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'a'amjekam/ 'a'anag

'a'amjekam see N subst 'amjekam= descendant

'a'amo see N inalien 'a:mo= boss, master
'a'amo see Vintr 'a'amog= to make an announcement

'a'amog Vintr pls (for sgs see 'amog ) [Neutr: def 'a'amo; indef 'a'amog : to
make an announcement
ex: Hemu 'ut(<'at) 'ab o 'a'amo. Soon they are going to make an announcement up
there.-- 'Ab 'o 'a'amoghim. They have been making an announcement up there.

'a'amogid Vtr pls (for sgs see 'amogid ) [Neutr: def 'a'amog; indef
'a'amogid]: to make an announcement to obj

'a'an N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: 'a'ana-j); pl/distr: 'a''an]: a pair of wings
ex: Has 'i ma:s 'u'uvhig 'o 'egid g 'a'an. Any kind of bird has a pair of wings.

'a'an N aggreg: feathers of the wings

ba'ag-'a'an NComp inalien [lst pers sg: -ba'ag-'a'an]: eagle feathers
ba'ag-'a'an Stat Comp: to have eagle feathers
ex: (<ku) hab ge ba'ag-'a'an 'im ke:c 'emo'o da:m. He had (unexpectedly) eagle
feathers set up on the back of his head.

'a'an Stat sgs [pls: 'a''an]: to have wing feathers (a bird)

ex: a 'i si skeg 'a'an. It has/they have beautiful feathers. Ku heg pi 'ib(<'ab) hu ha
'a'an hega'i Tova. Turkey had no feathers left on (him).

'a'an vu Stat Expr: to be the feathers of a bird

'a'anam N subst: one with wings; one with wing feathers

sto:ta 'a'anam u:g NComp: white-feathered mockingbird

'a'anam-toto N Comp aggreg: a variety of ants (feathered ants)

'a'anc see Vtr 'a'ancud= to put feathers on obj, to fletch an arrow

'a'ancud Vtr [Neutr: def 'a'anc.] : to put feathers on obj, to fletch an arrow (same as
'a'anad)

'a'anad Vtr [Neutr: def and indef 'a'anad] : to put feathers on obj, to fletch an arrow
(same as 'a'ancud)

'a'anag Stat: to have feathers on, to be fletched (about an arrow)

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'a'ant/ 'a'ascud

'a'ant Vintr [Neutr: def 'a'ant. Interr: 'a'anta-him]: to grow (about feathers)
ex: Tp(<kutp) 'ea 'am a 'al 'i ge'egek 'ab 'i 'a'ant. But after (the birds) got somewhat
bigger, their feathers grew. 'A'antahim 'o. Its feathers are growing (with interruptions).

'a'ailo see N inalien 'ailo= ring

'a'ailmagim see Adv s-'a:lmagim= blue-like
'a'aimag see Stat s-'a:lmag= to be bluish, light blue
'a'ap see Adj s'ap= good
'a'ape see Stat s-'ape= to be good

'a'apecud Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'ap[e]cud) [Neutr: indef 'a'apecud. Interr:
'a'apecuda-him]: to help obj out repeatedly
ex: Kup 'am 'i t'a'apecud. You(sg) have always helped us out. Nt 'am o a(<va) 'i
'em'a'apecud. I will always help you(pl) out. Nt 'am o a(<va) 'em'a'apecudahi. I will
always be helping you(pl) out (with interruptions)

'a'apet Vtr impers plo (for sgo see 'apet) [Neutr: def 'a'apet. Interr: 'a'apeta-him]: to
make obj get well
ex: T(<kut) o a(<va) 'am(<'em)'a'apet. It will make you(pl) get well.

'a'apet Vintr pls (for sgs see 'apet) [Neutr: def 'a'apet]: to get well, to recover
ex: Hegam 'at o 'a'apet. They will recover.

'a'apkoag see Stat s-'apkog= to be in good condition, accessible

'a'apkoji see Adj s-'apkoji= right
'a'apkoji see Postp s-'apkoji= on/ to the right of obj
'a'apolad Vtr plo (for sgo see 'apolad): to line obj

'a'appe Vtr [Neutr: def 'a'appe. Interr: 'a'appe-him. Dur: 'a'appe-d]: to try out obj
ex: T(<kut) hab masma 'am 'i 'a'appe 'i:da'a. That is how they tried this out.
'A'appehim 'a 'i:da'a ya:v. I have been trying out this key. M(<'am) g ab 'i 'a'apped
'i:da'a ya:v! Keep on trying out this key!

'a'appem Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'a'appe; hort 'e-'a'appem]: to try on a dress

ex: Nt o 'a'appe. I'll try it on B(<'ab) g 'e'a'appem! (you sg) try it on! B(<'ab) g o
'o(<'e)'a'appem! (you pl) try it on!

'a'ascu see Vtr 'a'ascud= to make obj laugh

'a'ascud Vtr [Neutr: def 'a'ascu; indef and hort 'a'ascud] : to make obj laugh
ex: T o m'a'ascu. It/he will make you laugh.
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'a'ascuda/ 'a'ato'olt

'a'ascuda N: act of making obj laugh

ex: Heg 'o sma:c g 'a'ascuda. He knows how to make one laugh.

'a'askima s-ta- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-ta-'a'askima; def s-ta-'a'askima=k. Interr: s-ta-
'a'askim[a]=ka-him. Dur: s-ta-'a'askim[a]=ka-d]: to be funny
ex: No sta'a'askima? Is it/he funny? a 'a(<'o) va 'i sta'a'askima. It/he is quite funny.
Sta-'o-'a'askim[a]kahim. It/he used to be funny. Mat hema ha'icu vo ei t o
sta'a'askimakad, t o hehemad. When someone sees something that is funny, he laughs.

'a'assi s- semi Stat tr [Neutr: def and hort 'a'assi. Interr: 'a'ass[i]-him, 'a'assi=ka-him]: to
make fun of/ laugh at obj
ex: 'Oia 'am s'a'assi g Tova. Then Turkey laughed at him. T o s'a'assi. He is going to
laugh at me. T o st'a'assi. He is going to laugh at us. Pi g 'am s'a'assi! Don't laugh
at me! Vat o s'a'asshid. He is going to be laughing at me. Cum 'o s'a'assikahim.
He used to laugh at me.

'a'assim s- Stat [Neutr: indef 'a'assim; def 'a'assim=k. Interr: 'a'assim=ka-him]: to feel
like making fun of obj
ex: Nap s'a'assim? Do you feel like making fun of me? Nap s'a'assimkahim. Have
you been feeling like making fun of me?

'a'assimk s-cu- Stat [Neutr: indef s-cu-'a'assimk] : to be one who laughs easily at things
ex: Heg 'o scu'a'assimk/ha'icu s'a'assimk. He is one who laughs easily at things.

'a'assimkam s-cu- N subst: one who laughs easily at things

'a'asugal see N 'asugal= granulated sugar

'a'at see N 'at= anus, seat
'a'atapu see N 'atapu= buttock

'a'atapuam N subst: one with buttocks

Pa:n-'A'atapuam NComp(?): a nickname (one-with-buttocks-like-buns)

'a'atcud Vtr mult (for sing see 'atcud) [Neutr: def 'a'atc; hort 'a'atcud]: to start a
basket, to make the bottom of a basket
ex: Nt ab o ho(<ha)'a'atc. I'll just start several baskets.

'a'ato'ol see N 'atol= gravy

'a'ato'olt Vintr Distr (for Unit see 'atolt): to make gravy

ex: N(<'an) haha vo 'a'ato'oltk 'i o 'i hemapa. After each one of you has made gravy,
gather here.
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'a'ato'olta/ 'a''uag

'a'ato'olta see N 'atolta= gravy in the process of being made

'a'u (dial: 'a'o, 'a'olha) N aggreg: agave, century plant, mescal (Agave palmeri)
ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'a'u ma 'ab him. I saw a few agave as I was coming (on foot).

'a'uag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'a''uag): to be full of agave in one
location

'a'uppa see N 'auppa= cottonwood tree

'a'uppag s- impers Distr (for Unit see s-'auppag): to be full of cottonwood trees in
several locations

'a''ad Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'a:'ad) [Neutr: indef 'a''ad. Dur: 'a''adad]: to send obj
repeatedly
ex: M(<'am) 'a cum hekid 'a''ad. I send him there repeatedly. B(<'ab) 'apt ab o 'i
'a''adad! Keep on sending him here repeatedly!

'a''aog s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'a'aog): to be full of parrots, peacocks,
in several locations

'a''ag see N 'a'ag= a pair of horns

'a''ag see Stat 'a'ag= to have horns
'a''agim see Adv s-'a'agim= secretly
'a''ag see Adv s-'a'ag= secretly
'a''ago see Adv s-'a'ago= in a secret place

'a''ahe Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'a'ahe) [Neutr: indef 'a''ahe; concurs 'a''ahe-c]: to
reach obj one after the other
ex: Ha'a''ahec 'am da'ibbim hahugid 'an. He reaches them one after the other and
overtakes them one after the other

'a''alim see Stat s-'a'alim= to be babyish

'a''alma see Stat s-'a'alma= to be a cry-baby
'a''almakam see N subst s-'a'almakam= cry-baby
'a''an see N 'a'an= a pair of wings; feathers of the wings
'a''askima see Stat s-ta-'a'askima= to be funny

'a''uag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'a'uag): to be full of agave in several
locations
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a:/ 'a:g

'a:-

a: see Vtr 'a:g= to tell obj what to do

'a:cim Pers Pron emphatic [instr: 'a:cim-kaj]: we, us

ex: 'A:cim 'ac u hejel-vi'ikam. We are orphans.

'a:da N inalien sg [sg (3rd pers sg 'a:da-j); pl: 'a'ada]: palate

'a:da Stat [Neutr: indef 'a:da; def 'a:da=k. Interr: 'a:da=ka-him. Dur: 'a:da=ka-d]: to have
a palate
ex: Heg 'o pi ha 'a:da. He does not have a palate.

'a:dka'i see Vtr 'a:j= to put obj around one's neck

'a:doka'i see Vtr 'a:j= to put obj around one's neck

'a:o N indiv alien [sg (lrst pers sg -'a:o=ga); pl: 'a'ao]: parrot; peacock

'a:g Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'a'aga) [Neutr: def 'a:; hort 'a:g]: to point at obj (used with
locative 'an)
ex: N(<'an) 'apt o 'a: 'ana'i hega'i do'ag! You(sg) will point at that mountain! N(<'an) g
'a:g! Point at that mountain!

'a:g Vtr [Neutr: def 'a:. Correl: 'a:g-k. Interr: 'a:ga-him]: to say something
ex: Sbi:tovi mantp o 'a:. It stinks, I might say. C has masma 'am 'a:gahim 'i:da'a kc u
hega'i kaidag. And the way (whatever it is) in which I have been saying this is the way I
heard it (is my hearing). Hema 'at 'am o 'a:gk gavul kaidam 'am o 'a: 'i:da'a ha'icu-
'a:ga. Someone might tell this story differently.

'a:g Vtr sing (for mult see 'a'aga) [Neutr: def 'a:; hort 'a:g. Interr: 'a:ga-him]: to tell a
story, to sing a song, once
ex: M(<'am) g hema 'a:g g e'i! Sing (you sg) a song! M g ab 'i 'a:gahim! Keep on
(you sg) telling it (a story)/ singing it (a song)! M(<'am) 'ant o 'i cum 'a:gahi, t(<kut)
gami hu heba'i pi vo ha ku:gt. If I tried to tell it (the whole story), there would not be any
end to it. M(<'am) 'ant ab o 'i 'a:gahid. I'll keep on telling it (the story). M(<'am) g
ab 'i 'a:gahid! Keep on (you sg) telling it (the story)!

'a:g Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'a:; indef 'e-'a:g. Interr: 'e-'a:ga-him. Dur: 'e-'a:ga-d]: to talk
about oneself, to confide
ex: Pt 'am ab o 'o(<'e)'a:! Just talk about yourself (without hiding anything)! Kupt 'am
ab o 'o(<'e)'a: map hascu 'i hab 'i kaijihim! Just tell (him) about yourself the various
 434

'a:g
things you have been saying (to me)! 'Am 'e'a:g mo hebi(<heba'i) u ki:kam. They
reveal where they live. Gm hu 'e'a:gahim mat has masma 'am hab 'eju:. He revealed
what had happened (to him) over there. Pt 'am ab o 'o(<'e)'a:gad! Be confiding
(telling about yourself)!

'a:g in 'e-cu'ijig-'a:g VComp reflex [Neutr: def 'e-cu'ijig-'a:]: to confess

ex: Hekid 'apt 'i 'i(<'e)cu'ijig-'a:? When did you last confess?

'a:g hab VExpr tr [Neutr: def hab 'a:; indef hab 'a:g. Interr: hab 'a:ga-him; concurs hab
'a:ga-him-c]: to tell obj what to do
ex: B(<hab) 'a kaij hega'i Ban, b(<hab) 'a 'a:g hega'i Tova. This is what (thus) Coyote
says; this is what (thus) he tells Turkey to do. ia c 'am haha hi: g Ban k hab ha'a:g ...
Well, and then Coyote went down there and this is what (thus) he tells them to do ... ia
(<'a) hab masma hab 'a:g ha'ap ... Well, this is what (thus, in that manner)
he tells them to do B(<hab) 'ant o ho(<ha)'a:. This is what I will tell them to do.
Hab o 'o(<'e)ju: ma 'am hu hab 'em'a:g! Do as I told you(pl)! Matp pi 'im(<'am) hu
hab o a 'eju: hab masma ma has 'i 'a:g, kunt 'am o mua. If he does not behave the way I
told him to, I will kill him. ia b(<hab) 'a 'i 'a:gahim. Well, this is what he had been
telling him to do. B(<hab) 'a masma hab ha'a:gahimc gm hu hihi 'u:pam. He told
them what to do as they went back home (hearsay).

'a:g hab Vtr [Neutr: def hab 'a:; indef hab 'a:g; concurs hab 'a:g-c]: to tell obj that ...
(with relative clause)
ex: Kumt hab o 'a:gidk hab o 'a: "mo 'i mvaid g hemajkam"! Having told her about it,
you(pl) will tell her "that the people are inviting you". Ku ghekaj ab 'i na:nko ha'a:gc
hab ha'a:g ma ab hejel 'ehohoig. Therefore (hearsay), making fun of them, they say
that they are married to each other. Kupt 'am hab ab o 'a: g ba:b mant pi 'im(<'am)
hu o hi:. Just tell my grandfather that I do not want to go down there. B(<hab) 'a 'a:g
mat o vuha si'alim. I told him to wake me up tomorrow. Pt(<kupt) 'ea hab o a(<va)
'a: mapt o ho:nt. But, tell her that you want to marry her. Kupt hab o 'a: g 'oks mat 'am
o a(<va) ha vi'i g mcu:kug. Tell my (the) wife to leave me some of your flesh. Hemu
hub(<hab) o m'a:, Ka:v, mapt 'am o a: 'i:da'a kaij ... Now, I'll ask you, Badger, to take
these seeds in your hands ... K ababa hab o m'a: mapt 'am o a(<va) 'i himk 'am 'ep hi
vo hu: g cu:kug ki: 'ama'i. But I will ask you to come down there and take your turn
eating meat at my house.

'a:g hab VExpr reflex impers [Neutr: def hab 'e-'a:; indef hab 'e-'a:g. Interr: hab 'e-'a:ga-
him]: to get to be said, told
ex: K 'am o ka: mat hascu 'am hab o 'i 'i(<'e)'a:! And listen to what will be said! Kutt
'am o 'i tnako 'ab g'amje hega'i mo 'i hab 'e'a:g 'i:ya'a! Let's get ready for that which is
being said here! Va mok vu a(<va) vohogam hega'i m(<mo) 'am hab 'e'a:g. What
had been said was indeed the truth. Heg 'o cum hekid 'ab kaiham mo hob(<hab) ha'icu
 435

'a:g

'u(<'e)'a:g radioc'e. He always listens to the news on the radio. ia k 'oia 'am hab
'egins mo 'am hab 'e'a:gahim. Well, and then they played gins against each other, as it
has been told. Mat hab o 'e'a:gahid mas 'am a(<va) hascu 'i has 'eju:. Whatever
happened will be told (with interruptions).

'a:g hab VExpr intr impers Unit (for Repet see hab 'a'aga): to be said, reported
ex: 'Oia 'am hab haha va:pagt mo a(<va) 'am hab a(<va) 'a:g. Then he made the holes as
previously was said. Hab masma hab 'a:g ma hema u Toa-Ku'adam 'Oks c 'am heba'i
ki: 'ama'i. Thus it is said that there was a certain Toa-Ku'adam 'Oks and that she lived
there. ia, k hab ju: mo 'om(<'am) hu hab 'a:gahim. Well, he did what has been
reported.

'a:g in ha'icu [hab] 'a:g VExpr: to say something, to ask something

ex: T(<kut) o a(<va) 'i a(<va) g 'o'o'dham jivak stahoho'idam ha'icu 'a:. A man, having
recently arrived, said interesting things. 'I:da'a 'o'odham 'at o stakakaim ha'icu 'a:. This
man will say interesting things. ... 'ab ha'icu 'a:gka'i 'ab 'amje 'i:da'a 'o'odham. ...
having said something about this man. K hab a (<va) kaij mant 'am o 'emje:gidk 'am
o 'em'a: hega'i mo hascu 'i hab 'i 'a:g. And he said that having addressed you(pl), I should
tell you(pl) whatever he had said. Mant 'am ha'icu hab 'i vo 'a:, kumtp o svohoc. I
would like to ask something, if you(pl) trust me. Hab kaij: "Maptp a 'ip 'enako mantp
hascu 'um(<'am) hab o 'i 'a:, kunt haha vo mma: g 'aliga." He says: "If you can (do)
whatever I will ask, then I will give you my child." Mo 'om(<'am) hi a(<va) ha'icu 'a:g
mant heg hab o ju:. He asked that I do that. a 'at a(<va) 'i si shasigam ha'icu
hub(<hab) o 'a:. I will ask something very difficult. --Nt o himk 'ab o ha'icu 'a: hegvui
hega'i 'o'odham. I'll go and ask that man something.

'a:g hab VExpr tr [Neutr: indef hab 'a:g. Interr: hab 'a:ga-him. Dur: hab 'aga-d]: to mean
something, to have obj in mind
ex: a:cu 'up(<'ap) hab 'a:g? What do you(sg) mean? Kup hea'i hib(<hab) 'a:g? Whom
do you(sg) mean? Nap 'id hab a(<va) 'a:g? Is this what you mean? Heu'u, na
a(<va) pi heg hab a(<va) 'a:g hega'i. Yes, that is indeed what I mean. Nap hab a(<va)
masma hab 'a:g? Is that the way you meant it? Heu'u, b(<hab) 'a a(<va) masma hab
'a:g. Yes, that is the way I meant it. Pi'a, pi 'i(<'a) hab masma hab 'a:g. No, that's not
the way I mean it. Heg hab 'a:g 'I'itoi. He/they mean 'I'itoi. B(<hab) 'o 'a:g. He
means me. Ku hab 'a:g mat 'ab o 'i hi:. I mean that he should come here. B(<hab)
'a 'a:gahim. This is what (thus) I mean (have been meaning). --Gi'ik 'ahid hab o 'a:gad.
He will mean (be meaning) four years. Va no hegam hab ha'a:g mo ge eiok, va no
hegam hab ha'a:g mo skeg 'a'an. Either it (the word) means those who talk
(unexpectedly), or it means those who have beautiful feathers.

'a:g has VExpr tr Unit (for Repet see has 'a'aga) [Neutr: indef has 'a:g. Interr: has
'a:ga-him. Dur: has 'a:ga-d]: to gossip about obj
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'a:g

ex: Nam has 'a:g? Are you(pl) gossiping about me? 'Am 'o si has 'a:g. He is/they are
gossiping about me. Nam has 'a:gahim? Have you(pl) been gossiping about me?
Has 'a:gahim 'o kc hema ma: g ce:gig. While he/they gossiped about him they gave him a
name. T(<kut) o has 'a:gahi. He is/they will gossip about me (with interruptions).
Pi g 'am has 'a:gad! Don't be gossiping about me!

'a:g hab, has VExpr tr Unit (for Repet see hab, has 'a'aga) [Neutr: def hab,has 'a:;
indef hab,has 'a:g. Interr: hab,has 'a:ga-him. Dur: hab,has 'a:gad]: to call/name obj a
certain way
ex: B(<hab) 'att o 'a: Teresa. We will name her Teresa.--Keli Tova, b(<hab) 'attp o 'a:.
Elder Turkey, we might call him. Heg 'at hab o 'a: s'iattomkam. He is going to call me
a liar. Heg 'o hob(<hab) si 'a:g s'iattomkam. He calls me a liar. Heg 'o hob(<hab)
si 'a:gahim s'iattomkam. He has been calling me a liar. Pi g 'am hab 'a:gad
s'iattomkam. Don't be calling me a liar.

'a:g hab VExpr reflex [Neutr: def hab 'e-'a:. Dur: hab 'e-'a:ga-d]: to give each other a
certain name (with a noun in apposition)
ex: C 'ep mat 'am haha mai mat hab o 'o(<'e)'a: "navoj." And also then they learned to call
each other "friend".-- Hab masma mai mat hab o 'o(<'e)'a:gad "navoj." This is how they
learned to be calling each other "friend".

'a:g in hab 'e-navoj-'a:g VExpr reflex [Neutr: def hab 'e-navoj-'a:; indef hab 'e-
navoj-'a:g; concurs hab 'e-navoj-'a:g-c. Interr: hab 'e-havoj-'a:ga-him]: to call each other
friend
ex: 'Am haha mai mat hab o 'o(<'e)navoj-'a:. Then they learned to call each other friend.
'A:cim 'ac hab tnavoj-'a:g. We call each other friend. Cum hab 'enavoj-'a:gahim.
They used to call each other friend. Hek hu mo hob(<hab) 'enavoj-'a:gc hemu haha pi
hib(<hab) hu 'o navoj. Formerly they called each other friend, but now they are not
friends.

'a:g in na:nko 'a:g VExpr tr Unit (for Repet see na:nko 'a'aga) [Neutr: indef
na:nko 'a:g; hort na:nko 'a:g; concurs na:nko 'a:g-c. Interr: na:nko 'a:ga-him. Dur: na:nko
'a:ga-d]: to make fun of obj
ex: Nap na:nko 'a:g? Are you(sg) making fun of me? ... mat hek hu a(<va) 'i
s'o:hodac 'i:da'a ha'icu-'a:ga m(<mo) 'in hab na:nko 'am t'a:g g 'o'odham. I have been
tired for a long time of this story in which the people make fun of us. Pi g 'am na:nko
'a:g! Don't (you sg) make fun of me! Nap na:nko 'a:gahim? Have you(sg) been
making fun of me? Pi g 'am na:nko 'a:gad! Don't (you sg) be making fun of me!
Ku ghekaj ab 'i na:nko ha'a:gc hab 'a:gk ma ab hejel 'ehohoig. Therefore, they were
making fun of them, because they were married to each other (hearsay).
 437

'a:g/ 'a:ga

'a:g Vreflex [Neutr: 'e-'a:; indef 'e-'a:g]: to be sure that, to discover that, to find out that
(with a relative clause)
ex: ... heghekaj ma 'am hu 'a:g mant 'am a(<va) mgevto hega'i lial. ... because I am
sure that I have won the money from you(sg). 'Am ab hek hu 'e'a:g mat o koi ga hu
dadak. They already knew that they would die after they arrived over there. Kut 'in
haha hi va 'eeidc 'am hab a(<va) 'e'a: matp 'am hab o a(<va) 'eju:. Then, examining
himself, he found out what was happening to him.

'a:g hab VExpr reflex [Neutr: hab 'e-'a:]: to decide/ make up one's mind to do something
ex: Nap koi 'am hu hab 'e'a:g? Haven't you made up your mind yet? M(<'am) 'ant ab
o 'a:. I will make up my mind. ... c 'am hab 'i 'i(<'e)'a: "Mant 'id o vi'idka'i g ma'i." ...
and he decided, "I will save this for my nephew." B(<hab) 'ant 'i 'a: mant 'am o va:k
'am o ei. I decided to go in there and see. 'Ab hab 'i 'i(<'e)'a: mat g'ea 'am o 'i civa.
He decided to settle down inside there. Ku 'am hu heba'i hib(<hab) 'i 'i(<'e)'a:g g
'U:pio mat hab o a(<va) ha hu: g cu:kug. One day Skunk decided to eat some meat
(hearsay). 'At hab 'i 'i(<'e)'a: mat g bek o hi:. He decided to take it and go (hearsay).

'a:g hab, has VExpr reflex: to have a certain impression, to wonder, to worry
ex: Nap hab 'e'a:g mat voho 'am 'ehido g tova? Do you think that the turkey is really
cooked? K hab 'e'a:g mo 'om(<'am) a(<va) havemaj g hemajkam. And he/they thought
that he was with the people. Hab a(<va) 'a:g "Va kutp 'e'ai mo 'ea..." I wondered,
"Could it be the time when..." Hab ab 'e'a:g mat o a(<va) ei si'alim. She just thought
that she would see it in the morning. Pi g has a 'i 'i(<'e)'a:gad! Don't be worrying!

'a:g in hab hi 'e-'a:g VExpr reflex: to think of doing something

ex: Heghekaj hab hi 'a:g cum hekid mantp hig ab o a(<va) hi: hasko. That is why I
constantly think of just leaving. B(<hab) 'at hi ab a(<va) 'i 'i(<'e)'a:gk ga hu haha hi:
'u:pam. It is said that after thinking about it, he went back home.

'a:ga hab, has vu Stat Expr impers: with hab: to have a certain (specified) meaning;
with has: to have a certain (unspecified or strange) meaning
ex: K has u 'a:ga 'i:da'a?/ a: hab u 'a:ga 'i:da'a?/ a:cu 'u(<'o) (<vu) 'a:ga 'i:da'a?
What does this mean? K has u 'a:ga 'idam 'o''ohon m(<mo) 'an hab cu'ig? What do
these signs that are here mean? -- Pi has u 'a:ga. It does not mean anything.--
'A hab u "Ko:kog-Do'ag" c heg hab u 'a:ga mo g'an ke:k ko:sidaku-'u:s. It is
referred to as "Ko:kog Mountain" and it means that on it stands the ko:sidaku bush.

'a:ga in vu hab si 'a:ga Stat Expr: to have a specified meaning, to be special

ex: ..tp 'am hab daha g hodai matp hab u si 'a:ga matp g u vuikam hega'i mat 'am hekaj
o 'eohi g ginsku. ..there sat a stone which is special, which is used to hit the gins sticks
with.
 438

'a:ga/ 'a:gas

'a:ga N sing [mult: 'a'aga]: a piece of news; story (also called ha'icu-'a:ga)
ex: T(<kut) o va hab 'eju: mat a(<va) 'am gei g 'a:ga mat o te'ic g 'I'itoi. It has just
happened that the news has spread that 'I'itoi was going to sing for us. Gi'ik scuhugam
'at 'an o bei 'i:da'a 'a:ga. This story takes four nights (to be told).

'a:ga in ha'icu-'a:ga NComp inalien aggreg [2nd pers sg m-ha'icu-'a:ga]: story, tale
ex: Mat hek hu a(<va) 'i s'o:hodac 'i:da'a ha'icu-'a:ga m'in hab na:nko 'am t'a:g g
'o'odham. I have been tired for a long time of this story in which the people right around
here make fun of us. Nt o m'a:g g ha'icu-'a:ga. I will tell you a story. Shahoho'id 'a
g mha'icu-'a'aga. I like your stories.
Ho'ok-ha'icu-'a:ga NComp sg: the Witch's tale
Vu:kam-ha'icu-'a:ga NComp sg: the Emergents' tale,
'O'odham-si-ka:cim-[ha'icu-]'a:ga NComp: 'O'odham traditional tales, legends

'a:ga in ha'icu 'a:ga NExpr inalien [1st pers sg ha'icu -'a:ga]: one's words
ex: Kut g ha'icu 'a:ga pi vo huhug. My words will not disappear.

'a:gam s- Stat tr [Neutr: indef 'a:gam; def 'a:gam=k. Interr: 'a:gam=ka-him. Dur:
'a:gam=ka-d]: to feel like saying something
ex: Heg 'a 'ab s'a:gam. That is what l want to say. Nap 'am ha'icu s'a:gam? Do
you(sg) want to say something? Pi 'im(<'am) hu ha'icu hab s'a:gam. He does not want
to say anything. Pi 'it(<'at) 'am hu o ha'icu s'a:gamk. He will not want to say anything.

'a:gam hab, has 'e- N subst: one being called a certain way, one with a certain name
ex: Kut 'ab vu: g 'ihug [hab] 'e'a:gam. What is called devil's claw, grew. Kut 'ab vu:
g hejel-vu:im [hab] 'e'a:gam. What is called wild vegetation grew.

'a:game in ha'icu 'a:game VExpr Unit [Neutr: indef 'a:game; concurs 'a:game-
c]: to come to ask something
ex: Heu'u, b(<'ab) 'a hi a(<va) ha'icu 'a:game. Yes indeed, I came to ask something.
M(<'am) 'ac hi a(<va) cum ha'icu 'a:gamec 'i hab dada. We are here to ask something. --
Map a(<va) ha'icu 'i 'a:gamec hab cu'ijig. You seem to have come to ask something. --
'Ea 'aptp 'am ha'icu hab 'i 'a:gamec him. But, you might have come to ask something.

'a:gamk see Stat s-cu-'a:gmk= to be talkative, a gossip

'a:gamkam see N subst s-cu-'a:gimkam= gossipy one

'a:gas Stat intr [Neutr: indef 'a:gas; def 'a:gas=k. Interr: 'a:ga-s=ka-him. Dur: 'a:gas=ka-
d]: to be told, said, reported
ex: Pi 'im(<'am) hu 'a:gas g haje:gida. Their conversation is not reported. Pi 'o
'om(<'am) hu hi va a 'i 'a:gas. It is not told. Hab 'eju: mo 'om(<'am) hab hi va 'a:gas.
What happened has been told.
 439

'a:gc/ 'a:gid

'a:gc in hab 'a:gc Conj Expr concurs: the reason why, because, so that, therefore (see
also hab 'a:gk)
ex: Heg hab 'a:gc hab kaij. That is the reason why he talks that way. Heg 'am hab ab
'ep 'a:gc hab kaij. That is also the reason why he talks that way.

'a:gc in ha'icu, hascu 'a:gc: without 'i: for a reason, the reason why, because; with
'i: for a specific reason (see also ha'icu 'a:gk)
ex: Tp 'ea 'am a(<va) cum ha'icu 'i 'a:gc 'i a(<va) jiva. But she must have come here for a
specific reason. --P hascu 'a:gc hab kaij? What are you talking about (why are you talking
thus)? P hascu 'a:gc pi iok 'O'odhamaj ve:m? Why don't you(sg) speak 'O'odham
with me?-- 'Am o kakke mas hascu 'a:gc 'in 'oimme. Ask him what he is doing around
here. 'A:pi hascu 'a:gc vu ab o 'alikad, pi 'ap hab cu'ig. As long as you are just a kid,
it's not right. a:cu 'up(<'ap) 'a:gc ga:ghim. Why are you(sg) looking for me?
pi ha'icu 'a:gc for no reason (see also pi ha'icu 'a:gk)
ex: Pi 'i(<'a) ha'icu 'a:gc 'in hu 'oimme. There is no reason why I am here.

'a:gid Vdtr Unit (for Repet see 'a'agid; for Distr see 'a:'agid) [Neutr: def 'a:g; indef
and hort 'a:gid; imper sgs 'a:gida-, pls 'a:gid-o; concurs 'a:gid-c. Correl: 'a:gid-k. Compl:
'a:gid-ok; immed 'a:gid-oka-'i. Interr: 'a:gida-him. Dur: 'a:gida-d.]: to tell something to
obj
ex: Nt o a(<va) m'a:g g vohogam. I will tell you the truth. G hu o jivak 'am o 'a:g g
'oks mat 'am o mhido! When you get there (having arrived down there) tell my (the) wife
to cook you! Si svohogim 'am o 'a:g hab masma mat 'am o mhido! Be sure to tell her
(that way) to cook you! K hascu 'um(<'am) m'a:gid? And what did he tell you(sg)?
a:cu 'up(<'ap) hab 'a:gid? What did you(sg) tell him? 'Ab haha ma: g 'e'oksga k hab
'a:gid. Then he gave it to his (own) wife and told her about it. 'a:gida g vohogam!
Tell me the truth! Pi g 'am a 'i a:gid! Don't tell it to him! Pi g 'am a 'i ha'a:gid!
Don't tell it to them! Pi g 'am hu ha'icu a 'i 'a:gid 'ab 'e'amje. Don't tell him anything
about yourself! B(<hab) 'ab masma hab 'i 'a:gidahim g 'eje'e. This is what (how) he is
supposed (hearsay) to have been telling his mother about it. Pi g o 'om(<'am) hu ge
'a:gidad! Don't (you pl) be telling him anything about it! Kumt hab o 'a:gidok hab o 'a:
"mo 'i mvaid g hemajkam." After telling her about it, you(pl) will tell her that "the people
are inviting you."
hoho'ok-'a:gid VComp tr mult (for sing see ho'ok-'a:gid) [Neutr: def hoho'ok-'a:g]:
to tell stories to obj
ex: Nt o mhoho'ok-'a:g. I will tell you(sg) stories
ho'ok-'a:gid VComp tr sing (for mult see hoho'ok-'a:gid) [Neutr: def ho'ok-'a:g]:
to tell a story to obj
ex: Nt o mho'ok-'a:g. I will tell you(sg) a story.
si s'ap 'a:gid VExpr tr: to explain something to obj (same as si tao 'a:gid)
si tao 'a:gid VExpr tr: to explain something to obj (same as si s'ap 'a:gid)
 440

'a:gid/ 'a:gk

'a:gid in ha'icu 'a:gid VExpr tr [Neutr: def ha'icu 'a:g]: to advise obj
ex: Ma a(<va) cum ha'icu 'a:gidahim, pi 'ib(<'ab) hu kaiha k 'am hab 'eju:. Although I
advised him (against it), he did not listen to me and did it.

'a:gid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'a:g; indef 'e-'a:gid]: to be told something

ex: Gi'ikko 'ab 'e'a:g g 'I'itoi k haha 'i jiva. Four times 'I'itoi was asked before (and then)
he came. Gami hu hugk 'am 'e'a:gid 'Akimelt'am. (The people) are told about it all
over the River country (Pima country).

'a:gida in ha'icu 'a:gida NExpr: instructions given to the young boys and girls by the
elders

'a:gida in ho'ok-'a:gida NComp/ NExpr [pl: hoho'ok-'a:gida]: story, tale, fable

(about Coyote and other animals usually told to children)
ex: Shoho'i 'ant hega'i mho'ok-'a:gida/ho'ok m'a:gida. I like your story.
Ha:a-ho'ok-'a:gida NComp: the Saguaro tale

'a:gidam in ha'icu s-'a:gidam subst VExpr dtr: to want to tell something to obj
ex: Cum 'a ha'icu sm'a:gidam. I'd like to tell you(sg) something.

'a:gidas Stat impers: to be said

ex: S'amcud mo hascu 'i 'a:gidas 'ab 'amje g 'ali. He/they know(s) what has been said
about the child. Tp(<kutp) 'ea 'am a(<va) hek hu 'a:gidas. But it has already been said.

'a:gimk/ 'a:gamk s-cu Stat sgs [pls: s-cu-'a'agimk/ s-cu-'a'agamk]: to be talkative, to

be a gossip
ex: Heg 'o scu'a:gimk/ ha'icu s'a:gimk. He is talkative, a gossip.

'a:gimkam/ 'a:gamkam s-cu N subst sg [pl: s-cu-'a'agimkam/s-cu-'a'agamkam]:

gossipy one

'a:gimkam/ 'a:gamkam vu s-cu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-cu-'a'agimkam/s-cu-

'a'agamkam]: to be a gossip
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) scu'a:gamkam/ha'icu s'a:gamkam. He is a gossip.

'a:g see Vdtr 'a:gid= to tell something to obj

'a:gk hab VExpr tr impers Correl [immed: hab 'a:gka-'i]: to tell obj to do something
ex: B(<hab) 'ant o ju: mo hob(<hab) 'a:gka'i. I'll do as I was told. B(<hab) g 'eju mo
hob(<hab) m'a:gka'i! Do as you(sg) were told! Hab a(<va) ha'a:gk 'a hema "mapt 'oi
vo mek o vaidka'i!" One of them is reported to have been told, "Run right away and ask
him to come!"
 441

'a:gk/ 'a:j

'a:gk in hab 'a:gk Conj Expr Correl: the reason why, because, so that, therefore (see
also hab 'a:gc)
ex: B(<hab) 'ant 'a:gk 'am hab 'emju hega'i mat u o 'em'egak. The reason I made that
for you(pl) is so that it will be yours. Mant 'ab 'a:'ad hab 'a:gk mat 'i o jivak 'am o m'a:.
I sent him here so that having come he would ask you(sg). 'I:da'a na:nko ma:s 'i'idag 'o
(<vu) Jio-ma:kigag hab 'a:gk s'ap ha'icu 'am tveheji. These various drinks are God's
gift, therefore they are good for us.

'a:gk in ha'icu, hascu 'a:gk: for a reason, the reason why/ because (see also ha'icu
'a'agc)
ex: Matp a(<va) ha'icu hab o 'i 'a:gk hab kaij. There might be a reason why he is making
that sound. S hascu 'a:gk heg pi 'ab hu o 'a:? Why not tell her? 'Ida hascu 'a:gk 'i
a(<va) jiva? Now, what brings you here (why did you come here)? a:cu 'upt 'a:gk 'i
a(<va) jiva? What brings you(sg) here (why did you come here)? a:cu 'umt(<'amt)
'a:gk 'i a(<va) dada? What brings you(pl) here?-- P hascu 'a:gk pi 'im(<'am) hu hab ju:?
Why didn't you do it? Mams hascu 'a:gk hab nju:? Why did you(pl) do that to me?
Ps(<kups) hascu 'a:gk hab o ju:? Why should you do it? M(<'am) g 'a:gid a:cu
'um(<'am) 'a:gk ku:. Tell me why you locked me up. 'Atp hascu 'a:gka'ik pi ha'a:gid.
That might have been the reason why he/they did not tell them about it.
pi ha'icu 'a:gk for no reason (see also pi ha'icu 'a:gc)
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) ha'icu 'a:gk gm hu nai. There is no reason for me to make a fire over
there.

'a:gli (Engl: acre) N sg [pl: 'a'agli]: acre

'a:go N aggreg: a plant, all-thorn, crown-of-thorns, crucifixion-thorn (Koeberlinia

spinosa)

'a:gog s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of all-thorns, crown-of-thorns, crucifixion-thorns in

one location

'a:j see Vdtr 'a:jid= to put obj around somebody's neck

'a:j Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'a'ada) sgs (for pls see 'a:'aj) (Neutr: def 'ai; indef and
hort 'a:j; imper 'a:ji-. Correl: 'a:d-k; immed: 'a:d-ka-'i. Compl: 'a:d-ok; immed: 'a:d-oka-
'i. Dur: 'a:jid. Interr: 'a:j[i]-him.]: to put obj around one's neck
ex: B(<'ab) 'ant o 'ai g monjul. I'll put my scarf around my neck. B(<'ab) ab 'a:j g
'emonjul. He is wearing his scarf around his neck. Hek hu mo cum hekid 'an 'a:jhim g
'emonjul. Formerly he used to wear his scarf around his neck all the time. B(<'ab) 'apt
ab o 'a:jid g 'emonjul! Be wearing your scarf around your neck! -- Pt 'ab o 'a:dok g
'emonjul! Wear (have put) your scarf around your neck!
 442

'a:jid/ 'a:nga

'a:jid Vdtr sgo (for plo see 'a:'ajid) [Neutr: def 'a:j; hort 'a:jid. Compl: 'a:jid-ok;
immed: 'a:jid-oka-'i]: to put obj round somebody's neck
ex: 'An o 'a:j 'i:da'a bayoka! Put this necklace around her neck! Nt ab o m'a:jidok 'ep o
hi:. Having just put it around your neck I'll leave.

'a:ka'i see Vtr 'a[h]a-= to reach obj

'a:lpa (Span: arpa) N alien sg [sg (instr: 'a:lpa-kaj; instr 1rst pers sg: -'a:lpa=ga-kaj;
loc: 'a:lpa-t-'ab); pl: 'a'alpa]: harp
ex: Nap sma:c mapt has masma vo ge:g g 'a:lpa? Do you know how to play the harp?
'A:lpakaj 'ant 'am o hema 'a: g e'i. I am going to play a song with the harp.
'a:lpagakaj 'ant 'am o hema 'a: g e'i. I am going to play a song with my harp. Nt o
hema 'a: g e'i 'a:lpat'ab. I will play a song on the harp. Nt o hema 'a: g e'i heg'ab
'a:lpa. I will play a song on that harp.

'a:mo (Span: amo) N inalien sg [pl: 'a'amo]: boss, master

'a:mo vu Stat Expr [Neutr: indef vu 'a:mo; def vu 'a:mo=k. Interr: vu 'a:mo=ka-
him. Dur: vu 'a:mo=ka-d]: to be a boss, a master
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) 'a:mo. He is my boss. Heg 'o (<vu) 'a:moj g Huan. He is the
(his) boss of Huan. Heg 'at u o 'a:mok. He will be my boss. Heg 'o (<vu) cum
'a:mokahim. He used to be my boss. D(<vu) 'at o 'a:mokad. He will be my boss.

'a:mo Stat: to have a boss, a master

'a:mot Vtr: to become the boss, the master of, obj

ex: M(<'am) o 'a:mot. He is going to become my boss.

'a:n N alien aggreg: a plant, desert broom (Baccharis sarathroides)

ex: Pi 'o 'ob(<'ab) hu ha'icuk g 'a:n 'ab Covered-Wells-t'ab. There are no desert brooms up
at Covered Wells.

'a:nag Stat Unit: there is a/there are desert broom(s) in one location
ex: Pi 'o 'ob(<'ab) hu ha 'a:nag 'ab Covered-Wells-t'ab. There are no desert brooms up at
Covered Wells.

'a:nag s- Stat Unit (for Distr see s-'a:'anag): to be full of desert brooms

'a:nga Stat: to have (a) desert broom(s)

ex: Pi 'ic(<'ac) ha 'a:nga 'ab Covered-Wells-t'ab. We do not have desert brooms up at
Covered Wells.
 443

'A:ngam/ 'a:'ad

'A:ngam N: name of a village (one having desert brooms)

'a:i['i] Pers Pron emphatic [instr: 'a:i-kaj]: I, me

ex: 'A:i 'a ba'ic 'i ge'ej map 'a:pi'i. I am bigger than you(sg). 'A:i'i g 'ab 'ab
'edagp. Put your hand on me. 'A:ikaj o 'om(<'am) 'e'aisk. It will be reached by me.

'a:i'i/ 'a:'i vu Stat Expr [Neutr: indef vu 'a:i'i; def vu 'a:i'i=k; concurs vu
'a:i'i-kc. Interr: vu 'a:i'i=ka-him. Dur: vu 'a:i'i=ka-d]: to be me
ex: 'A:i 'a u hema 'a:i'i. I am the one. D(<vu) 'ant o 'a:i'ik. It will be me.
D(<vu) 'a 'a:i'ikc jiva. It's me (being me I came). ... ma 'a:i vu 'a:i'ic vesko
jevu-u:dagim tono. ... it is I who shines over all the world.

'a:pi['i] Pers Pron emphatic [instr: 'a:pi-kaj]: you(sg)

ex: 'A:pi'i g hab ju. You(sg) do it. 'A:i 'a ba'ic 'i ge'ej map 'a:pi'i. I am bigger than
you(sg). He'esij 'ap 'i 'a:pi'i? How big are you(sg)?-- 'A:pi 'ap ba'ic 'i ge'ej ma 'a:i'i.
You(sg) are bigger than I am.

'a:pim Pers Pron emphatic [instr: 'a:pim-kaj]: you(pl)

ex: Pi g o 'om(<'am) 'i:'e 'a:pim! Don't drink all the time, you-all! 'A:pim go:k g o ha'i
kamicud! You two, make me some shirts!

'a:'ac N inalien aggreg [3rd pers sg 'a:'aci-j]: head louse, head lice
ex: Nt o m'u'i g m'a:'ac. I will delouse you (remove your head lice for you).

'a:'ac Stat: to have head lice

ex: Pi 'i(<'a) ha 'a:'ac. I don't have any head lice. 'A:'ac 'o. He has head lice. Cum
'a ge 'a:'ackahim. I used to have head lice.

'a:'ac s- Stat: to have a lot of head lice

ex: S'a:'ac 'a. I have a lot of head lice. S'a:'ac 'o. He has lots of head lice.

'a:'ad Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'a''ad) [Neutr: def and hort 'a:'ad. Correl: 'a:'ad-k;
immed: 'a:'ad-ka-'i. Compl: 'a:'ad-ok; immed: 'a:'ad-oka-'i. Interr: 'a:'ada-him. Dur: 'a:'ada-
d.]: to send obj
ex: Nt o 'a:'ad g 'aliga 'am macamaku vui. I will send my child to school. M(<'am)
'ant o 'i 'a:'ad g check mvui. I will send you(sg) acheck. Nap 'a:'ad g 'e'aliga 'am
macamaku vui? Do you send your child to school? B(<'ab) g 'i 'a:'ad g check. Send
him a check. 'Am 'a a(<va) cum 'a:'adahim. I have been trying in vain to send him
there. M(<'am) g ab 'i 'a:'adad 'am macamaku vui. Keep on sending him to school.
M(<'am) 'att o 'a:'adok 'am haha vo 'i hihi. We will send him/it and then go.
gm hu si 'a:'ad VExpr tr: to send obj away, to get rid of obj
ex: Gm hu si 'a:'ad. He got rid of me.
 444

'a:'ad/ 'e

'a:'ad Vreflex: to get sent somewhere

ex: B(<'ab) 'at 'i 'i(<'e)'a:'ad tvui g kovnal pion 'ab Cuk-ont'amje. A govemment
employee from Tucson was sent to us. 'E'a:'ad 'am macamaku vui. He was sent to
school.

'a:'ada N inalien aggreg: messenger

ex: Pi 'at 'i hu jiva g m'a:'ada. Your messenger did not come here. Pi 'at 'i hu dada g
m'a:'ada. Your messengers did not come here.
Jio-'a:'ada NComp(?): prophet (God's messenger)

'a:'adas Stat: to be sent

ex: 'A:'adas 'o tvui 'ab Cuk-ont'amje. He is sent to us from Tucson.

'a:'adka'i see Vtr 'a:'aj: to put obj around one's neck

'a:'agid Vdtr Distr (for Unit see 'a:gid) [Neutr: def 'a:'ag; indef 'a:'agid. Compl:
'a:'agid-ok]: to tell something to obj one after the other
ex: Mt haha vo 'a:'ag g 'ehemajkamga! Each one of you will tell his own people! Matt
o 'ip 'a:'agidok. Let each one of us tell him first!

'a:'ai see Vtr 'a:'aj= to put obj around one's neck

'a:'aj see Vdtr 'a:'ajid= to put obj around somebody's necks

'a:'aj Vtr pls (for sgs see 'a:j) [Neutr: def 'a:'ai; indef and hort 'a:'aj. Correl: 'a:'ad-k;
immed: 'a:'ad-ka-'i. Dur: 'a:'aji-d]: to put obj around one's necks
ex: B(<'ab) 'att o 'a:'ai g tmomonjul. We'll put our scarfs around our necks. B(<'ab) 'amt
ab o 'a:'ajid g 'emomonjul! Be wearing your scarfs around your necks! Mt 'ab o 'a:'adk
g 'emomonjul! Wear (have put) your scarfs around your necks!

'a:'ajid Vdtr plo (for sgo see 'a:jid) [Neutr: def 'a:'aj; hort 'a:'ajid]: to put obj around
somebody's neck
ex: B(<'ab) g ha'a:'ajid hegam babyoka! Put those necklaces around their necks!

'e-

'e see Postp 'ea= inside obj

'e in s-ha'i 'e Stat Expr: to be ashamed, bashful

 445

'e/ 'e[a]

'e in pi si 'e Stat Expr: to be brash

'ea in ha'icu 'ea NExpr: interior, inside, pulp, kernel

bahidaj-'ea NComp indiv [sg (3rd pers sg bahidaj-'ea=ga-j); pl: bahidaj-'e'ea]:
saguaro fruit pulp
nala-'ea NComp indiv [sg (3rd pers sg nala-'ea=ga-j); pl: nala-'e'ea]: orange
pulp

'ea Adv [pl: 'e'ea]: in the middle/ in half

ex: Nt(<'ant) o si 'ea mmul. I will break you(sg) in half. Nt(<'ant) o 'e'ea hahahai. I
will crack them in half.

'e[a] Postp [distr: 'e'ea]: in/ inside/ obj

ex: g hu vo:k 'e[a]= inside my stomach.-- 'am ce:cki 'e[a]= in his dream.-- 'am g'ea
hega'i ce:ckij= in his dream-- 'am 'ea g Judea-jevu= in Judea Land-- hegam
ha'ea/ha'e'ea tat= in those days --Kunt gn hu o ul 'an g'ea ge-ka:ck. I will throw
them in the ocean. ..c 'an hadad 'an g'ea hega'i kox. ..and he puts them (the eggs) in
that nest. -- 'At ei s(<mas) hascu 'ab hab 'evua heg'ea ki:. He looked at what was going
on inside that house. -- Kupt heg'ea 'an o gava. Sow it in it (the ocean). -- 'Am 'oiyopo
g'ea kc 'am cicvi ha'icu. They were walking around inside it and were playing at
something.-- 'An 'o 'o'ohonas 'id'ea 'o'ohon. It's written in this book.-- Pi 'ic(<'ac) ha
i'ok 'am g'ea i'ok Fairy godmother. We do not have any word for the word Fairy
godmother.-- Sko'okam 'eju: 'am 'ecikpan 'e[a]. He hurt himself at work (in his work). --
Jujkam 'o cum hekid 'am vu:pa g 'on 'am 'esilv:sga 'e[a]. Mexicans always put salt in
their beer.
'am jegk 'e[a] Adv Expr: outside
ex: Sku:bsig 'am jegk 'e[a]. It is dusty outside. Nt o 'i vu:k o ho(<ha) je:j 'am
jegk 'e[a]. I'll go out to have a smoke outside.

'ea Postp [distr: 'e'ea] : in the middle of obj

ex: ...heg 'im haha voi 'e'o: 'am k 'an si vu: 'e'ea. ... then he laid it on his (own) back and
tied it firmly in the middle of himself. --Nt o si m'ea mmul. I will break you in half (in
your middle). --Nt o ho(<ha)'e'ea hahahai. I will crack each one of them in half (in their
middles).-- ha'ea/ha'e'ea hegam mo'omcku= in the middle of those pillows

'e[a] Postp: at a certain time

ex: cuhug c ta 'e[a]: night and day --gi'ik 'e [g 'o:la]= at 4 (o'clock) gamai go:k 'e
[g 'o:la]: at 12 (o'clock)-- Nt o mnam cu:dp 'o:la 'e[a]/cu:dp 'e [g 'o:la]. I'll meet you at
6 o'clock. Nt o vahammigad ves si'alig 'ab cu:dp 'o:la 'e[a]. I'll be getting up every
morning at 6 o'clock. --Nt o mnam cu:dp 'e [g 'o:la]. I'll meet you at 6 (o'clock). Nt
'am o 'i me: ba'ic maad 'e[a]. I'll drive there next month.-- Hascu maad 'e[a]? In what
month?
 446

'e[a]/ 'ea

heg 'i 'ea Adv Expr: right then, at that very moment
heg 'i 'ea 'o:la Adv Expr: at that very hour
ex: Kut g piongaj doa b(<vab) heg 'i 'ea 'o:la. His servant got well at that very
hour.
'idam 'i ha'ea tat Adv Expr: right in these days, in these very days
s'ap[k] 'e [g 'o:la] Adv Expr: on time
ex: cum hekid s'ap[k] 'e [g 'o:la] 'a jijivha. I always arrive on time

'ea Conj: while, meanwhile, then, at that time, once (same as venog)
ex: Ga hu jiva ku 'ea 'ab da hega'i Ho'ok. He arrived up there while the Witch was at
home (sitting there). T(<kut) hekid 'am hab 'eju:? Tp(<kutp) 'ea 'ab him. When did it
happen? While he was coming. M(<'am) 'a 'ea vu 'alikc Pi:makaj iok. When
I was a child I spoke in Pima. Sko'okam 'eju: 'ea mo 'om(<'am) cikpanahim. He hurt
himself while he was working. G hu dada tp(<kutp) 'ea a 'i scuk; 'ea hek hu
kekkiva g 'I'itoi k hek hu onva g e'i. They arrived down there while it was quite dark;
meanwhile 'I'itoi had already stood up and the singing had already started. Kut 'ea g
hu hek hu 'ehemapa g hemajkam. Meanwhile, the people had already gathered down
there. M(<'am) 'o 'ea g bihugig ka:c 'ea. At that time there was starvation down
there. ...nat pi 'ea vu she:pc'ekam 'ea. ...because at the time it was winter.
Ku 'ea g'an kox. At that time there was a nest on it. -- 'Ea 'ant 'am hi:. Once, I went
there. 'Ea 'a mumku. At that time I was sick. Hek hu va 'i ma 'ea 'i eid. It's a
long time since I last saw him/it.

'ea Conj: but, yet, however, still

ex: Kumt hab 'i vo 'evuadad mamt 'ab o je:id, 'ea pi 'ib(<'ab) hu o je:id! Act as if you
were smoking it, yet don't be smoking it! C ababa 'ea hab masma ma 'am hab
a(<va) 'elid nt(<mant) ab (<vab) o ginsk o mua hega'i. And however, I have decided to
play gins against him and kill him. 'Ea vu skeg 'atp hu 'i ha'icu o gegusigk. Yet,
maybe it would have been good food.

'ea c hekaj Conj Expr: since ... therefore

ex: 'Ea 'o hab kaij mapt o vemajk hemu c hekaj pi has 'eju:. Since he said that you
should come with me now, therefore it's all right (with me).

'ea ... cum/ cum 'ea Conj Expr: although, however, yet
ex: ..tp (<kutp) 'ea hi va cum 'u:g hega'i ciho. ..although that cave was quite high.
..'ea 'am a(<va) cum ka: mo 'i hu hab kaij g 'egakam. ..although he had heard what the
owner had said.-- Cum hi va s'ap bei hega'i keli tova 'an kusvo 'an, tp(<kutp) 'ea sgevk
hega'i tova c 'am dadde. Although (I think) he was able to grab that old turkey by the
neck (its neck), yet that turkey was strong and kept jumping. Ma cum a smelim k
'ea pi o a 'i nnako mans 'am hu o me:. Although I wish I could go, yet I will not be able
to.
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'e[a]gid/ 'e[a]gid

'e[a]gid Vtr [Neutr: def 'eag; indef 'egid. Interr: 'egida-him. Dur: 'egida-d.
Compl: 'egid-ok; immed: 'egid-oka-'i]: to have/ own obj
ex: 'Egid g 'eki:. He owns his (own) house. 'Egid g 'ecikpan. He owns his (own)
business. Pi 'i 'egid g ki:. I don't have a house. Pi 'egid g 'eel mas o vippia. He
does not have a hunting license (his right so that he will hunt). 'U'uvhig 'egid g vopo.
Birds have down.

'e[a]gid Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'e'e[a]gid) [Neutr: def 'eag. Correl: 'egid-k.
Interr: 'egida-him]: to find obj
ex: Napt 'eag? Did you find it? Pi 'int(<'ant) 'eag. I did not find it. M(<'am) 'ant
a(<va) 'eag. I did find it. M(<'am) 'a a(<va) 'egidahim. I am in the process of
finding it.
pi 'e[a]gid VExpr tr Unit (for Repet see pi 'e'e[a]gid) [Neutr: def pi 'eag; indef pi
'egid]: to miss obj
ex: Kutp 'am 'i pi 'eag hega'i ba:baj. His grandfather missed him.-- Nt o pi m'eag. I
will miss you. Tt o pi m'eag. We will miss you.-- T(<kut) 'im 'u:pam 'i 'ep noag
pi 'egidk g uv. Buzzard went back home without having found him.

'e[a]gid in pi 'e-'e[a]gid VExpr reflex [Neutr: def pi 'e-'eag; indef and hort pi 'e-
'egid]: to hide something about oneself
ex: Pi a 'i pi 'i(<'e)'eag. He did not hide anything about himself. 'Id 'o cum a pi
'i(<'e)'egid. He is trying to hide something about himself. Pi g a 'i pi 'i(<'e)'egid!
Don't (you sg) hide anything about yourself!

'ea hugk 'am Postp Expr: half of obj

ex: 'em'ea hugk 'am= half of you(pl) ha'ea hugk= half of them

'ea hugk 'am Mod Expr [pl: 'e'ea huhugk 'am]: half, up to the middle
ex: 'ea hugk 'am ha'a= a half (full) olla 'e'ea huhugk 'am haha'a= half (full) ollas
'Ea hugk 'am 'ab o 'i hihi ve:m. Half (of you pl) will come with me. Si 'ea hugk 'am
'i a(<va) dada. Half (of them) came here. Nt(<'ant) ab (<vab) a(<va) 'ea hugk 'am
m'a:g. I told you just half (of it).

'ea hugk 'amje Adv Expr: from the middle onward

ex: Kunt 'in hu ab(<vab) a(<va) 'ea hugk 'amje 'am 'i bek I, having only taken it
(the story) from the middle onward ...

'eaj N sg inalien: interior, center, pulp, kernel of a specified entity (its interior)

'eam s-ta Adv [pl: s-ta-'e'eam]: disgracefully, shamefully

ex: Sta-'ap-'eam iok. You(sg) talk shamefully. Sta-'ap-'eam 'evua. You(sg) behave
disgracefully. Sta-'am-'e'eam 'evua. You(pl) behave disgracefully.
 448

'eapig/ 'edam

'eapig Vtr sgo (for plo see 'e'eapig) [Neutr: def 'eap; indef and hort 'eapig]: to
take the inside, the pulp, the kernel, out of (a fruit which cannot be peeled)

'eap see Vtr 'eapig= to take the inside out of obj

'ea-scuk NComp (?): name of one of the vopda game tubes (black in the middle)

'eastk Adj: one who does not cry; grown up, unflinching (same as pi 'a'alma)
pi 'eastk Adj Expr: fragile, delicate (a plant that cannot stand extreme heat or cold)

'ea-va'ug NComp inalien [sg (3rd pers sg 'ea-va'uga-j); pl: 'e'ea-va'ug]: spine

'eaviji Postp: the inside of the top of obj, the top of obj viewed from inside
ex: vatto 'eaviji= the inside part of the top of a ramada.
ki: 'eaviji Postp Expr: ceiling (inside of the top of the house)
ex: N(<'an) g eid ki: 'eaviji. Look at the ceiling.-- 'An vav ki: 'eaviji. He
stretched it on the ceiling.-- gn hu ki: 'eaviji= up on the ceiling

'eav s- Postp [pl: s-'e'eav]: in the middle of obj (same as s-'eavko)

ex: ki: s'eav= in the middle of the house Sisva 'eki: si s'eav. He spat right in the
middle of his house. Sha'e'eav him. He's walking in the middle of them.

'eavko s- Adv: in the middle, half way

ex: S'eavko a(<va) 'i him g maad. It's the middle of the month (the month has gone half
way). -- S'eavko 'o 'i ceajhim g ta. The sun is half way up.

'eavko s- Postp [pl: s-'e'eavko]: in the middle of obj (same as s-'eav)

ex: ki: s'eavko= in the middle of the house Sha'e'eavko him. He is walking in the
middle of them.

'ea 'i me VExpr sgs [pls: 'e'ea 'i vo:po'o]: to dance the 'e'e 'i vo:p (the dancers
walk in paired rows; the rows separate and each row does figures in opposite directions)

'edam in si 'edam subst NExpr [pl: si 'e'edam]: shy, reserved one

ex: Nap sma:c hega'i si 'edam 'uv? Do you know that shy woman?
pi si 'edam subst NExpr shameless, brash one
ex: Nap sma:c hega'i pi si 'edam? Do you know that shameless one?
pi si 'edam vu Stat Expr [pls: vu pi si 'e'edam]: to be shameless, brash
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) pi si 'edam. He is shameless. Hegam 'o (<vu) pi si 'edam.
They are shameless.
si 'edam vu Stat Expr [pls: vu si 'e'edam]: to be shy, reserved
 449

'egid/ 'elda

'egid s-cu- V sgs (for pls see s-cu-'e'egid) [Neutr: indef s-cu-'egid. Interr: s-cu-
'egida-him. Dur: s-cu-'egida-d. Compl: s-cu-'egid-ok; immed: s-cu-'egid-oka-'i]: to
have many things, to be wealthy
ex: Ha'icu 'o s'egid/Heg 'o scu'egid. He is wealthy. M(<'am) 'a a(<va) scu'egid/
ha'icu s'egid. I am wealthy. Cum 'o ha'icu s'egidahim. He used to be wealthy. Mapt
hekid ha'icu o s'egidad, nt(<kunt) haha vo mkunt. When you are wealthy I will marry
you. Hema takaj 'ant o a(<va) ha'icu s'egidad. One day I will be wealthy. Mapt
hekid ha'icu o s'egidoka'i nt(<kunt) haha vo mkunt. Once you have gotten wealthy, then
I will marry you.

'egidacud Vdtr [Neutr: def 'egidac; indef 'egidacud. Dur: 'egidacuda-d]: to have/
own obj for somebody
ex: Nt o mu'i ha'icu ha'egidac g 'a'alga. I will have lots of things for my children. Heg
'o mu'i ha'icu ha'egidacud g 'e'a'alga. He has lots of things for his children. Tt<kutt) o
mu'i ha'icu ha'egidac g t'a'alga. We'll have lots of things for our children. Hema takaj
nt o mu'i ha'icu ha'egidacudad g 'a'alga. One day I'll have many things for my children.

'ehaidag (met of *'eahidag) N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg 'ehaida-j); pl:
'e'ehaidag]: vein

'eho N sg [pl: 'e'eho]: a plant, range ratany (Kramerin parvifolia, Krameria

parvifolia; formerly used to dye leather red)

'emun Vtr [Neutr: def 'emu; hort 'emun]: to crush obj (such as wheat)

'epa N inalien sg [sg (3rd pers sg 'epa-j); pl: 'e'epa]: willow shoot or grass door (a
mat of grass formerly used as a door)

'epa vu Stat Expr: to be a willow shoot or grass door

ex: Hek hu hab 'a'aga g 'o'odham ha'icu mo g ki: 'ab hekaj 'ekukpa (<ma) u 'epa.
Formerly the people called that with which a house is closed a grass door.

'epat V sing: to make a willow shoot or grass door

'evin Vtr [Neutr: def 'evi; hort 'evin]: to reduce obj into powder

'ei see Vtr 'ea-/'esi- = to plant seeds

'el see VExpr tr hab,has 'elid= to think of obj

'elda in ha'icu hab 'elda NExpr inalien [1st pers sg: ha'icu hab -'elda, 3rd pers pl:
ha'icu hab ha-'elda]: plans
 450

'eldag/ 'el[i]d

'eldag N inalien [sg(3rd pers sg: 'elda-j) pl: 'e'edag]: skin of a person; skin/ hide of an
animate entity
ex: 'eldag 'o ob (<vab) 'i sgak. My skin is dry.
moikad g 'elda NExpr: to tan a skin
ex:Nt o 'i moikad g 'eldaj. I'll tan the (its) hide. Nt o ho(<ha)momoikad g 'e'eldag.
I'll tan the hides.

'eldag in ha'icu 'eldag NExpr: outer envelope (such as skin, hide, bark, husk)
ban-'eldag NComp indiv alien [sg(3rd pers sg ban-'eldag=ga-j)]: coyote skin
ce'ul-'eldag NComp alien: willow bark
haiva-'eldag NComp alien: cowhide
huav-'eldag NComp alien: buck skin
hu:-'eldag NComp alien: corn husks
kui-'eldag NComp alien: bark, mesquite bark

'eldag Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef 'eldag; def 'eldag=k. Interr 'eldag=ka-him); pls: 'e'eldag]:
to have a skin, hide, bark
ex: 'Ali 'o smoik 'eldag. The baby has a soft skin. 'A'al 'o smomoik 'e'eldag. Babies
have soft skins.

'eldagga in ha'icu 'eldagga Stat Expr: to have/own a hide, a skin, a husk

ce'ul-'eldagga Stat Comp [sing (Neutr: indef ce'ul-'eldagga); mult: ce'ul-
'e'eldagga]: to have a piece of willow bark
ex: Nap ge ce'ul-'eldagga? Do you(sg) have any willow bark? Nap ge mu'i ce'ul-
'eldagga? Do you(sg) have many pieces of willow bark?
huav-'eldagga Stat Comp [sing (Neutr: indef huav-'eldagga); mul: huav-
'e'eldagga]: to have a buck skin.
ex: Nap ge huav-'eldagga? Do you(sg) have a buck skin? Nap ge go:k huav-
'e'eldagga? Do you(sg) have two buck skins?
hu:-'eldagga Stat Comp: to have corn husks
ex: Nap ge hu:-'eldagga? Do you(sg) have any corn husks?

'eldaj N: skin, hide of a specified entity (its skin)

'el[i]d hab, has VExpr tr sgs (for pls see hab, has 'e:'el[i]d) [Neutr: def hab,has 'el;
indef and hort hab,has 'elid]: to think of obj
ex: Kutp 'oia 'am hab 'i 'el g 'o'odham g ta. Then a man thought of the sun. 'Am g hab
'i 'elid g ta! Think (you sg) of the sun! a:p 'i 'elid /Kup has 'i 'elid/ Maps has 'i 'elid?
What are your thoughts about him/it?
 451

'el[i]d

'el[i]d hab, has VExpr tr: to have an opinion about obj

ex: a:p 'elid? What do you(sg) think of him/it? a:m 'elid? What do you(pl) think of
him/it? a:p ha'elid? What do you(sg) think of them? a:p 'elid? What do you
think of me? a:p 'i 'elid? What did you think of me? Pi 'i (<'a) has 'elid. I don't
care (I have no opinion about it).

'el[i]d hab, has VExpr [Neutr: indef hab,has 'elid. Dur: hab, has 'el[i]da-d]: to have
something in mind, to plan on (with a relative clause)
ex: T(<kut) 'am hab o 'eju: hega'i mac hab 'elid. Our plans (that which we have in mind)
will be realized. Pi hea'i a 'i 'enako mas 'am hab o ju: hega'i matp hascu hab 'i 'elid.
Nobody was able to do that which he had in mind. Ku 'am hab hig a(<va) 'elid. It is
exactly what I have in mind. a:pt o 'elidad? What will be your plans? 'A:i 'ant o
a(<va) m'a:g mantp has masma hab o 'i 'elidad. I am the one who is going to tell you
what I have in mind. ha'icu 'am hab o 'i 'elidk hab o ju:. and he will just do what
he had planned to do. B(<hab) 'a 'elid mant o va hi:. I am planning on going.

'el[i]d hab, has VExpr: to expect that (with a relative clause)

ex: B(<hab) 'a 'elid si'alim mat o ei. I expect that they are going to sing tomorrow.
Pi 'i(<'a) hab a 'i 'elid mant o s'amc hega'i. I do not expect that I will understand him.
Hega'i hu'ulij 'at pi hib(<hab) a 'i 'elid mas o jiva 'uv ve:m. His grandmother did not
expect him to arrive with a woman.

'elid hab Vtr impers: to be necessary for obj to (with a relative clause)
ex: Hemu 'ut(<'at) hab o 'elid mant o nna:tok o hi:. Now it is necessary for me to get
ready and go. Hemu 'ut(<'at) hab o m'elid mapt o 'o(<'e)na:tok o hi:. Now it is
necessary for you to get ready and go.

'elid in pi hab 'elid VExpr: not to worry that (with a subordinate clause)
ex: Pt (<kupt) pi hab o a 'i 'elidad mas o kekkiva! Don't (you sg) worry that he might
give up! Pt(<kupt) pi hab o a 'i 'elidad mas o 'i mvua! Don't (you sg) worry that he
might throw you! Kupt pi hab o a 'i 'elidad mans o vacum! Don't (you sg) be
worrying that I might drown!

'elid in pi has 'elid VExpr tr: not to worry about obj

ex: Pi has o a 'i 'elidad 'i:da'a kavyu! Don't be worrying about that horse! Pi has o a 'i
'elidad! Don't be worrying about me! Mt pi has o 'elidk ab o 'ui! Just take them
without worrying about it!

'el[i]d in hab/has masma hab 'elid VExpr [Neutr: def hab masama hab 'el; indef
hab masma hab 'elid]: to become convinced that (with a relative clause)
 452

'el[i]d
ex: Nt hab masma hab a 'i 'el mo (<vu) hega'i. I became convinced that it was him.
Kup 'ida has 'i masma 'am hab 'elid hega'i mantp 'am a(<va) mgevito 'ida? Now are you
convinced that I have beaten you?

'el[i]d in hab a 'elid VExpr: to suspect, come to the conclusion, that

ex: 'An hab a 'elid matp u hega'i. I have the suspicion that it might be him. ia nt
'am ha'icu 'i cegtok hab masma hab a 'i 'el matp u o 'i hega'ik mat a(<va) 'i heb hu hi:.
After giving it some thought I came to the conclusion that it might be the one that had
gotten lost. 'A:i heg 'an ab ka:kc hab a 'elid matp u o 'i hega'ik. As I was listening
to that sound I suspected that it might be her.

'elid in hab cum 'elid VExpr tr: to wish for something

ex: Nap 'id hab cum 'elid? Is this what you(sg) wish for? 'Id 'a hek hu hab a(<va) 'i
cum 'elid. This is what I have wished for a long time. Ku hab cum 'elid mat hema o
ceadk o hemajmac hega'i kavyu. I wish that someone would ride and break that horse.

'elid in cum pi hab 'elid VExpr tr: to try to avoid something

ex: heghekaj matp 'am a(<va) cum pi hab 'elid hega'i. ... because he was trying to
avoid that.

'el[i]d in has 'el[i]d 'am hema vui VExpr: to praise somebody

ex: Kutt 'i a(<va) dadak 'am o si has 'i 'el 'am vui g Jesus. Having come here we will
praise Jesus. M(<'am) g has 'i 'elid 'am Jio vui! Praise (you sg) God! M(<'am) g o
has 'i 'elid 'am Jio vui! Praise (you pl) God! Hegam 'o has 'elid 'am Jio vui. They
praise God.

'el[i]d in si has 'el[i]d 'ab hema/ha'icu 'amje VExpr: to admire

somebody/something
ex: c 'ep ve:sij si has 'elid 'ab 'amje g 'amcudagaj. ... and all of them admire his
wisdom.

'el[i]d hab/ has VExpr reflex sgs (for pls see hab 'e-'e:'el[i]d) [Neutr: indef 'e-'elid;
concurs 'e-'elid-c. Dur: 'e-'el[i]da-d]: to decide, make up one's mind
ex: a:p 'e'elid/Maps has 'e'elid? What have you(sg) decided? matp has 'i
'i(<'e)'elidc hab cum smu'am. ... he was determined to try to kill him. Kup 'ea hab
'e'elid mapt 'am hab o ju:? But have you(sg) decided to do it? Heu'u, ku hab 'elid.
Yes, I have made up my mind. 'Am g him gvui maptp hebi hib(<hab) o 'i 'i(<'e)'elidad
mapt 'am o hi:! Go wherever you will decide to go!

'el[i]d has VExpr reflex sgs (for pls see has 'e-'e:'el[i]d) [Neutr: indef has 'e-'elid]: to
feel ashamed (same as si 'e-'elid or s-'elid)
ex: Pi g 'am has 'e'elidad! Don't (you sg) be bashful!
 453

'el[i]d/ 'elkona

has 'e-'elid 'am hema 'amje VExpr: to be ashamed of somebody

ex: Has 'e'elid 'ab 'amje. He is ashamed of me. Has 'elid 'ab m'amje. I am
ashamed of you.
pi has 'e-'elid VExpr reflex sgs [Neutr: indef pi has 'e-'elid; concurs pi has 'e-'elid]: to
feel unashamed
ex: Pi has 'e'elidc ab iok. He is not ashamed of speaking.
si 'e-'el[i]d VExpr reflex sgs [Neutr: indef si 'e-'elid. Dur: si 'e-'el[i]da-d. Interr: si 'e-
'el[i]da-him]: to feel shame, bashfulness (same as s-'e-'el[i]d and has 'e-'el[i]d)
ex: Heg 'o si 'i(<'e)'elid. He is bashful. 'Ai 'a si 'elid. I am bashful. Pi g 'am si
'i(<'e)'elidad. Don't (you sg) be bashful. Heg 'o cum si 'i(<'e)'elidahim. He used to
be bashful. Kut 'idhekaj si 'i(<'e)'elidk gm hu hi:. Being ashamed about this, he left.
pi si 'e-'el[i]d VExpr reflex sgs: to feel brash, unashamed

'el[i]d s- semi Stat reflex sgs (for pls see s-'e-'e:'el[i]d) [Neutr: indef s-'e-'elid. Interr:
s-'e-'el[i]da-him/s-'e-'elid=ka-him. Dur: s-'e-'el[i]da-d]: to feel ashamed, bashful (same as
has 'e-'elid or si 'e-'elid)
ex: Heg 'o s'e'elid. He is ashamed. Nt 'am 'i s'elidk ga hu hi:. Being bashful, I left.
Cum 'o s'e'elidahim/s'e'elidkahim. He used to be bashful. 'A:i s'elidc pi iok
'O'odhamaj. I am too bashful to speak 'O'odham. --Pi ' int(<'ant) 'am hu o hi:, s'elid 'a. I
will not go there, I am bashful. Pi g 'am s'e'elidad. Don't (you sg) be bashful.

'elid in s-'abhahog 'elid VExpr sgs: to be jealous

'elidc in ha'icu hab 'elidc semi Stat Expr sgs (for pls see ha'icu hab 'e:'elidc)
[Neutr: indef ha'icu hab 'elidc. Dur: ha'icu hab 'elida-d. Inter: ha'icu hab 'elidc=ka-him]:
to have plans
ex: Nap 'am ha'icu hab 'elidc? Do you(sg) have plans?

'elko see Vtr 'elkon= to skin obj

'elkon in gamai hu 'elkon VExpr tr sgo (for plo see 'e'elkon) [Neutr: def 'elko;
indef and hort 'elkon; imper sg 'elkona-, pl elkon-o. Correl: 'elkon-k. Interr: 'elkona-him.
Dur: 'elkona-d]: to take off the skin of obj; to scalp obj
ex: Gam g hu si 'elkon. Skin it completely. Gm hu 'elkon g cu:v. He is skinning the
rabbit. Nt o 'elko g mo'oj. I am going to scalp him (skin his head).

'elkon Vreflex sing (for mult see 'e-'e'elkon) [Neutr: def 'e-'elko]: to peel (one spot)
somewhere on one's body
ex: 'An 'e'elko g nnov. The skin of my hand peeled (my hand peeled itself). 'An si
'i(<'e)'elko g nnov. The skin of my hand peeled off (my hand peeled itself completely).

'elkona N: act of skinning

 454

'elko/ 'ega

'elko see Vdtr 'elkoid= to skin obj for somebody

'elkoid Vdtr sgo (for plo see 'e'elkoid) [Neutr: def 'elko; indef 'elkoid; imp sgs
'elkonda- (contr of *'elkoida-). Correl: 'elkoid-k. Interr: 'elkoida-him. Dur:
'elkonda-d (contr of *'elkoida-d)]: to skin an animal for obj
ex: Nt o m'elko hega'i cu:v. I will skin that rabbit for you. Nt o ho(<ha)'elko g cu:v
hegam. I will skin the rabbit for them.

'elpig Vtr sgo (for plo see 'e'elpig) [Neutr: def 'elp; indef and hort 'elpig]: to take the
peel off/ to peel obj
ex: 'A 'elpig g nala. I peel an orange. Nt o 'elp g nala. I'll peel the orange.

'elpig Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-'elp]: to peel off (as paint off a wall)

'elp see Vtr 'elpig= to peel obj

'elp see V reflex 'e-'elpig= to peel off

'ega N inalien aggreg [sing (3rd pers sg 'ega-j); mult: 'e'ega; distr: 'e''ega]: one kind
of clothes
ex: Vaoga g 'e'ega. Take off your clothes.

'ega in ha'icu 'ega NExpr inalien [(1st pers sg ha'icu -'ega); distr: ha'icu ha-
'e''ega)]: belongings, possessions, outfits
ex: M('am) 'an hab cu'ig g ha'icu ha'ega ma hagev. Right there are the (their)
possessions which I won from them.
vakial ha'icu 'ega NEpr inalien: cowboy outfit (including saddle, stirrups)

'ega vu Stat Expr tr [Neutr: indef vu 'ega; def vu 'ega=k. Interr: vu 'ega=ka-
him]: to belong to obj
ex: D(<vu) 'o 'ega g 'ekeickvadam. The bicycle is mine.-- D(<vu) 'o 'egaj g
'ekeickvadam. The bicycle belongs to him.--Ves 'o (<vu) 'ega. It is all mine.-- 'A:i
'o (vu) 'ega g ginsku. The gins set belongs to me.-- Hegam 'o (<vu) a(<va)
ha'ega vi:piop. It belongs to those boys.--Kut u o m'egak. It will be yours.

'ega Stat: to have clothes on

ex: Heg 'ega hega'i Ho'ok. That (is what) she is wearing, that Witch.--Pi 'ib(<'ab) hu ha
'ega. He is not wearing anything (does not have any clothes on).

'ega Stat tr: to have, own, obj

ex: Ba'ic 'i mapt ab 'am o a(<va) 'egak. It is better for you just to have it as your own. --
Hema 'a 'ega g 'ekeickvadam. I have a bicycle.-- Cum 'a hema 'egakahim g
'ekeickvadam. I used to have a bicycle.
 455

'ega/ 'egapi'ok

'ega in ha'icu 'ega Stat Expr: to be the possession of obj

ex: Kut u o a(va) skeg ha'icu 'em'egak 'i:da'a. This will be a nice thing for you(pl) to
have.--'Am 'ui hega'i matp hascu u 'i 'ega mo (<vu) snamkig ha'icu. He took
whatever they had which was precious.

'ega in ha'icu s-'ega Stat Expr sgs [pls: ha'icu s-'e'ega]: to own lots of cattle and
horses
ex: Ha'icu 'u(<'a) s'ega. I have lots of cattle and horses.--Hegam 'o ha'icu s'e'ega.
They have lots of cattle and horses.

egac see Vdtr 'egacud= to make obj the owner of something

'egacud Vdtr [Neutr: def 'egac; indef 'egacud]: to make obj the owner of something
ex: Nt o m'egac hega'i 'oidag. I'll make you the owner of this field.

'egaac semi Stat reflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'e'egaac) [Neutr: indef 'e-'egaac.
Dur: 'e-'egaaci-d. Interr: 'e-'egaac=ka-him]: to be dressed
ex: Heg 'o skeg 'e'egaac. She is beautifully dressed.-- Skeg 'at o 'o(<'e)'egaacid. She
will be beautifully dressed.--Skeg 'e'egaackahim. She was beautifully dressed.-- 'Am
a(<va) gavul masma 'e'egaac. She is dressed differently.

'ega[a]d Vtr [Neutr: def and hort 'egaad; imper sgs 'egada-.Correl: 'egaad-k
Interr: 'egada-him]: to dress obj
ex: Nt o 'egaad g nobbi. I'll dress my doll. Nt o m'egaad. I'll dress you(sg).

'ega[a]d Vreflex [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'e-'egaad. Interr: 'e-'egada-him.
Dur: 'e'egada-d]: to put on one's clothes, to get dressed
ex: Nt o 'egaad. I'll get dressed. Napt 'e'egaad? Are you(sg) dressed? Namt
e'egaad? Are you(pl) dressed? Heg 'atk si 'i(<'e)'egaad. He was dressed up
(evidential). Skeg 'at hi va 'a(<'e)'egaad. He was indeed dressed up (hearsay). 'E-g-
'e'egaad! Get dressed! 'E-'o-'egaad. He is getting dressed. 'E-'o-'egadahim.
He was getting dressed. Nt o 'egadad. I'll be getting dressed.-- 'E'egaadoka'i! Get
dressed first! 'Ab 'e'egaadk gm hu hi: vepegi vui. Having gotten dressed, he went to
the movies.

'egapi'ok Vtr sgo (for plo see 'e'egapi'ok) [Neutr def 'egapi'o; hort
'egapi'ok]: to undress obj
ex: Nt o m'egapi'o. I will undress you(sg).

'egapi'ok Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'e'egapi'ok) [Neutr: def 'e 'egapi'o;
indef 'e-'egapi'ok. Dur: 'e-'egapi'oka-d]: to undress oneself, get undressed
 456

'egapi'ok/ 'ep [va] hi

ex: Pi 'o 'e'egapi'ok mo hekid vo'iva. He does not get undressed when he goes to bed.
B(<'ab) g 'i 'i(<'e)'egapi'okad! Be getting undressed (you sg)! 'E-g-'e'egapi'ok
haha vo vo'iva! Get undressed and go to bed!

'egakam N subst: one who is dressed

'egakam vu Stat Expr: to be one dressed (in a certain way)

ex: Heg o skeg 'egakam. She is a well dressed one. Vat u o skeg egakamad. She
will be a well dressed one.

'egakam in ha'icu 'egakam NExpr: owner

ki:-'egakam NComp [pl: ki:k-'e'egakam]: landlord
'oidag-'egakam NComp [pl: 'o'oidag-'e'egakam]: field owner
'oidag-'egakam vu Stat Expr: to be a field owner
ex: Hek hu mo (<vu) 'oidag-'egakamkahim. Formerly he was a field owner.

'egat Vtr: to become the owner of obj

ex: Hemu 'up(<'ap) 'egat hega'i 'oidag. Now you own that field.

'ep Part: again, also, too (occurs either stressed for emphasis or unstressed; when
unstressed undergoes assimilation > 'ap, 'ip, 'op, 'up; when repeated for emphasis, the
second repeat is always stressed)
ex: 'a:i kc heg 'ep= me and also that one 'a:i kc 'idam 'ep= me and also these
la:pis c heg 'ep la:pis: my pencil and also his pencil (the pencil of that one) la:pis c
hegam 'ep halalapis= my pencil and also their pencils (the pencil of those ones)--
Tp(<kutp) hems 'ep o jiva. Maybe he will come again. Hi: 'at k pi 'ep o jiva. He left for
good (he will not come again). Nt 'am haha 'ap(<'ep) o 'i himc g je:gida 'ep. Then, I
will reopen (conduct again) the meeting. Pi 'int(<'ant) haha va 'ep o ho(<ha) 'i: g
navait. I will never drink wine again. M(<'am) g 'ep ha toa'i. Pour some more (again).
M(<'am) 'ant 'ep o ho(<ha) mbi:. I'll serve you another helping (some again). Nt o
mge:g g lial; m'alidag 'ep o mge:g. I will win money from you; your daughter too, I will
win from you. ... c hegam 'am 'ep daha 'a'alidaj. ... and those children of his are also
living (sitting) there. No 'i:da'a lial c g 'ep Sto:ta-Hiosigam 'ab ve:nag? Does this
money and (also) White Flower go together?

'ep [va] hi Part Expr: in turn, one's turn to

ex: B(<hab) 'ant o a(<va) 'ep hi ju:. It will be my turn to do it. 'Apt 'am o a(<va) 'i
himk 'am 'ep hi vo hu: g cu:kug ki: 'ama'i. After you have gone there, it will be your turn
to eat meat at my house. M(<'am) 'ant 'ep hi o 'i ga:gim g cikpan. It is my turn to go
and look for a job. M(<'am) g 'i:'i, nt(<kunt) mhaha 'ep hi o 'i:. Drink it, I'll drink after
you.
 457

'ep/ 'e

'ep in ha'icu 'ep Pron Expr: something else

ex: 'Ant a ha'icu 'up (<'ep) o mma:. I will give you(sg) something else. Pi 'int(<'ant)
ha'icu 'up(<'ep) o mto'i 'ep. I have nothing else to bet against you. Pi 'o 'om(<am) hu
ha'icu 'up(<'ep) vi'is. There is nothing else left. Hascu/a:cu 'ep? What else?
Hascu/a:cu'o 'ep? Is that all (is there something else)? Hascu 'up(<'ep) mma:' What
else did he give you?

'ep in hema 'ep Pron Expr: somebody else, another one

ex: Hema 'o 'ep. It's somebody else. c 'am hema 'ap(<'ep) ki: 'ep. and down there
lives somebody else. Hema jivak hema 'ap(<'ep) jijivha. They arrived one after the
other (one having arrived, another arrives).

'es see Vtr 'ea-/'esi- = to plant seeds

'esiabig in ha'icu 'esiabig NExpr inalien sg: planting season

ex: 'E'ai g ha'icu 'esiabig. The planting season has come.
pilka-esiabig NComp: planting season for wheat

'esiabig in opol 'esiabig maad NExpr: the month of September (short planting
season moon)

'esiabigaj N inalien: planting season for a specified seed (its planting season)
ex: T(<kut) hekid o 'o(<'e)'ai g 'esiabigaj g pilka When the planting season for wheat
(its planting season of wheat) comes ...

'esihim see Vtr ea-/'esi- = to plant seeds

'esime Vtr Unit sgs (for pls see 'eso) [Neutr: def 'esim; hort 'esime]: to go and plant
seeds
ex: Nt o 'esim. I'll go and plant it.

'eso Vtr pls (for sgs see 'esime) [Neutr: def and hort 'eso]: to go and plant seeds

'esok see Vtr 'ea-/'ei- = to plant seeds

'e N inalien sg [sg (3rd pers sg 'ea-j); pl: 'e'e]: chin

ex: 'eaj g Huan= Juan's chin (his chin of Juan)

'e Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef 'e; def 'e=k); pls: 'e'e]: to have a chin
ex: Ge smu'uk 'e 'a. I have an unusually pointed chin.
 458

'ea-/ 'e'ebe

'ea-/'esi- Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'e'ea; for Distr see 'e''ea) sing (for mult see
'e'ea) [Neutr: def 'ei; hort 'e/'es; imper sgs 'ea-/'esi-. Correl: 'e-k/'es-k; immed: 'e-
ka-'i/'es-ka-'i. Compl: 'e-ok/'es-ok; immed: 'e-o-ka-'i/ 'es-o-ka'i. Interr: 'ea-him/ esi-
him/.]: to plant one kind of seeds (such as corn, beans, melons, squash, wheat, peas)
ex: Nt o ha'icu 'ei. I'll plant something. Nt o ha'i 'ei g ha'icu kai. I'll plant some seeds.
'Esi/'ea) g ha'icu kai! Plant seeds! 'Oi g 'es/'e g ha'icu kai! Plant seeds right
away! M(<'am) 'a hu ha'icu 'esihim/'eahim. I am planting over there. Nt o 'ip 'am
'esok/'eok) 'am hab haha vo nju:. First I'll plant it and then I'll do it.

'ea in ha'icu 'ea NExpr: act of planting seed crops

ex: Nap sma:c g ha'icu 'ea? Do you know how to plant seed crops?

'ea in ha'icu 'ea NExpr aggreg inalien [1st pers pl ha'icu t-'ea]: seed crops
ex: Tt(<kutt) o 'o: g ha'icu t'ea. We will harvest our seed crops.

'eaku/'esku N indiv [pl: 'e'eku/ 'e'esku]: planting stick, planter

'epo N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg 'epo-j); pl: 'e'epo]: beard

'epo Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef epo; def 'epo=k. Interr: 'epo=ka-him); pls: 'e'epo]: to
have a beard
ex: Hemu 'unt(<'ant) o ge 'epok. Soon I'll have a beard (unexpectedly). Paul ge scuk
'epo. Paul has a black beard (unexpectedly).

'epo s- Stat [pls: s-'e'epo]: to have a heavy beard

ex: Hega'i 'o'odham 'o s'epo. That man has a heavy beard. Heg 'o ge s'epo. He has
an unusually heavy beard.

'epokam s- N subst sg [pl s-'e'epokam]: bearded one

ex: Napt ei hega'i s'epokam? Have you seen that bearded one?

'epola N subst sg [pl: 'e'epola]: one with a long beard

'e'ebe Vintr Repet (for Unit see 'e:b) sgs [Neutr: indef 'e'ebe. Interr: 'e'ebe-him]: to stop
crying repeatedly
ex: Pi hekid 'e'ebe. He never stops crying. M 'u a (<'am 'o va) 'e'ebe mat hekid o 'i: g
'evi:bga. He usually stops crying when he drinks his milk. M 'u a (<'am 'o va) 'e:'eb g
'a'al mat hekid o 'i: g 'evi:bga. Children usually stop crying when they drink their milk.
Cum 'o 'e'ebehim mat hekid o 'i: g 'evi:bga. He used to stop crying when he was drinking
his milk.

'e'ebe see Vtr 'e'ebe[id]= to be afraid of obj repeatedly

 459

'e'ebe[id]/ 'e'eavk

'e'ebe[id] Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'e:b[i][id] [Neutr: indef 'e'ebeid/ 'e'ebe. Dur:
'e'ebeida-d. Interr: 'e'ebeida-him]: to be afraid of obj repeatedly (same as 'e'ebid)
ex: Cum 'o 'e'ebeid/'e'ebe. He used to be afraid of me. Vat o m'e'ebeidad mat
hekid o 'i mee'idad. He will be afraid of you every time he sees you.

'e'ebid Vtr [Neutr: def 'e'eb; indef 'e'ebid. Interr: 'e'ebida-him. Dur: 'e'ebida-d]: to make
obj stop crying
ex: M(<'am) 'ant o a(<va) 'e'eb. I'll make him stop crying. Cum 'a 'e'ebid. I tried in
vain to make him stop crying. Cum 'a 'e'ebidahim. I have been trying in vain to make
him stop crying.

'e'ebid Vtr Repet (for Unit see [s-]'e:bid) [Neutr: indef 'e'ebid. Interr: 'e'ebida-him]: to
be repeatedly afraid of obj (same as 'e'ebeid)
ex: Cum 'o 'e'ebid. He used to be afraid of me every time.

'e'ebidacud s- Vdtr pls (for sgs see s-'e:bidacud) [Neutr: def s-'e'ebidac; indef s-
'e'ebidacud]: to be afraid of something for obj's sake
ex: Nt(<'ant) o sm'e:bidac. I will be afraid for your sake. Kus has o 'i ju: ku
sm'e:bidacud. I am afraid for your sake of what he might do.

'e'ebidam see Adv s-ta-'e:bidam= frighteningly

'e'ebidama see Stat s-ta-'e:bidama= to be frightening, dangerous
'e'ebidamakam see N subst s-ta-'e:bidamakam= frightening one
'e'eb see Vtr 'e'ebid= to make obj stop crying
'e'ea see 'ea= in the middle, in half

'e'e[a]gid Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'e[a]gid): to find obj repeatedly
ex: Pi hekid ha'icu a 'i 'e'eagid. He never finds anything.
pi 'e'e[a]gid VExpr Repet (for Unit see pi 'e[a]gid): to miss obj repeatedly
ex: Cum 'a hekid pi m'e'eagid map hekid hasko hihhim. I always miss you when
you go away.

'e'eam see Adv s-ta-'eam= disgracefully

'e'eapig Vtr plo (for sgo see 'eapig) [Neutr: def 'e'eap]: to take the inside, pulp,
kernel out of a fruit which cannot be peeled
ex: Nt(<'ant) o ho(<ha)'e'eap g bahidaj. I am going to take the insides out of the saguaro
fruits.

'e'eavk in ha'icu 'e'eavk NExpr: entrails, insides

ko:ji-'e'eavk NComp(?): entrails of a pig
 460

'e'eavkaj/ 'e'eopag

'e'eavkaj N inalien: entrails, insides of a specified entity (its entrails)

'e'eavko see Postp s-'eavko= in the middle of

'e'eav see Postp s-'eav= in the middle of
'e'edam see N subst si 'edam= shy, reserved

'e'egid s-cu V pls (for sgs see s-cu-'egid): to have many things, to be wealthy
ex: Ha'icu 'o s'e'egid. They are wealthy.

'e'ehaidag see N 'ehaidag= vein

'e'eho see N 'eho= range ratany

'e'emag [Neutr: indef 'e'emag; def s-'e'emag=k. Interr 'e'emag=ka-him]: to be

bloody
ex: S'e'emag 'o g cu:kug. Meat is bloody. Cum 'o s'e'emagkahim g cu:kug. The
meat has been bloody.

'e'eopa Vintr [Neutr: def 'e'eopa. Correl: 'e'eopa-k; immed: 'e'eopa-ka-'i. Interr:
'e'edopa-him]: to start bleeding
ex: Si no t(<kut) 'e'eopa g nda:k. He punched me and my nose bled. Nda:k 'at
'e'eopa. My nose started to bleed. Hek hu mo 'e'eopahim g nda:k. In the past my
nose has been bleeding. B(<hab) ta:hadag mat o 'e'eopahid g nda:k. My nose feels as
if it (it feels that my nose) was going to be bleeding (off and on). T(<kut) o 'ip 'am
'e'eopaka'i. After it has stopped bleeding (for a while).

'e'eopa Vintr [Neutr: indef 'e'eopa. Correl: 'e'eopa-k; immed: 'e'eopa-ka-'i.

Interr: 'e'eopaahim]: to bleed at recurring intervals
ex: Cum hekid 'e'eopa g nda:k. My nose bleeds all the time. Cum hekid
'e'eopaahim g nda:k. My nose used to bleed all the time. B(<hab) ta:hadag mat 'ep o
'e'eopaad g nda:k. My nose feels (it feels that my nose) as if it were going to bleed.
T(<kut) o 'ip 'am 'e'eopaka'i. After it has completely stopped bleeding (for a while).

'e'eopag Vintr [Neutr: indef 'e'eopag. Interr: 'e'eopaga-him. Dur: 'e'eopaga-d]: to

bleed in a continuous flow
ex: Cum hekid 'e'eopag g nda:k. My nose bleeds all the time. Cum hekid
'e'eopaghim g nda:k. My nose used to bleed all the time. B(<hab) ta:hadag mat 'ep o
'e'eopagad g nda:k. My nose feels (it feels that my nose) as if it were going to be
bleeding again. T(<kut) o 'ip 'am 'e'eopagka'i. After it has stopped bleeding (for a
while).
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'e'eopa/ 'e'egapi'ok

'e'eopa Vintr Unit (for Distr see 'e''eopa) [Neutr: indef 'e'eopa.Correl:
'e'eopa-k; immed: 'e'eopa-ka-'i. Interr: 'e'edopaa-him]: to bleed reiteratedly
ex: Hek hu 'o 'e'edopa g nda:k. In the past I had a nose bleed again and again.
B(<hab) ta:haag mat 'ep o 'e'eopaad g nda:k. It feels like my nose is going to be
bleeding again and again. T(<kut) o 'am 'e'eopaka'i! Let it stop bleeding!

'e'epa see N 'epa= willow shoot door

'e'eldag see N 'eldag= skin

'e'elid hab VExpr reflex: to have something on one's mind to think constantly of (with a
subordinate clause)
ex: Cum 'a hekid hab 'i 'e'elid mant ab o hi: hasko. I am all the time thinking of just
leaving (going somewhere).

'e'elkon Vreflex mult (for sing see 'e'elkon) [Neutr: def 'e-'e'elko]: to peel (several
spots) somewhere on one's body
ex: 'An si 'i(<'e)'e'elko g nno:nhai. The skin of my hands peeled off (my hands peeled
themselves completely).

'e'elkon Vtr plo (for sgo see 'elkon) [Neutr: def 'e'elko; indef and hort 'e'elkon]: to take
off the skin of obj

'e'elkoid Vdtr plo (for sgo see 'elkoid) [Neutr: def 'e'elko; indef 'e'elkoid]: to
skin obj for somebody
ex: Nt o m'e'elko g cu:v. I will skin the rabbits for you.

'e'elpig Vtr plo (for sgo see 'elpig) [Neutr: def 'e'elp; indef and hort 'e'elpig]: to take
the peel off, to peel obj
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)'e'elp g nala. I'll peel the oranges.

'e'egaac semi Stat reflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'egaac): to be dressed
ex: Hegam 'o skeg 'e'e'egaac. They are beautifully dressed.

'e'egapi'ok Vtr plo (for sgo 'egapi'ok) [Neutr: def 'e'egapi'o; hort
'e'egapi'ok]: to undress obj
ex: Nt o 'om(<'em)'e'egapi'o. I will undress you(pl).

'e'egapi'ok Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'egapi'ok) [Neutr: def 'e-'e'egapi'o.
Dur: 'e-'e'egapi'oka-d]: to undress oneselves, to get undressed
ex: B(<'ab) g o 'i 'i(<'e)'e'egapi'okad! Be getting undressed (you pl)!
 462

'e'es/ 'e'epola

'e'es in ha'icu 'e'es NExpr aggreg inalien [(2nd pers sg: ha'icu m-'e'es); distr: ha'icu
'e''es]: plants (growing from seeds)
ex: Pi vo a 'i mei g ha'icu 'e'es. Plants will not dry up. Sbabadag ha'icu m'e'es 'ea. It
is full of frogs in your plants. Ves 'ahidag vo 'o:'oa g ha'icu 'e'e''es. Each year people
(from various places) will harvest their crops.
hevel-'e'es NComp aggreg: a flower, bugles (wind plant)
pi:los-'e'es NComp(?) aggreg: pear tree(s)
pilka-'e'es NComp(?) aggreg: wheat plant(s)

e'es Stat [Neutr: indef 'e'es; def 'e'es=k. Interr: 'e'es=ka-him]: to have (a) plant(s)
growing from seeds
ex: Nap ge 'e'es g pi:los? Do you(sg) have pear trees? Nam ge 'e'es g pi:los? Do
you(pl) have a pear trees? Nap mu'i 'e'es g pi:los? Do you(sg) have many pear trees?

'e'esid Vdtr Repet (for Unit see 'e:sid) [Neutr: def and indef 'e'esid. Correl: 'e'esid-k;
immed: 'e'esid-ka-'i. Compl: 'e'esid-ok; immed: 'e'esid-oka-'i. Interr: 'e'esida-him. Dur:
'e'esida-d.]: to steal something from somebody repeatedly
ex: Cum 'o 'e'esid. He is trying to steal it from me. Vatk o m'e'esid. He is going
(evidential) to steal it from you. Hek 'o hu cum 'e'esidahim. He has already been
trying to steal it from me. Pi g 'am ha'e'esidad g lial! Don't be stealing money from
anybody! Cum 'e'esidk gm hu me:. After trying to steal it from me he ran away.

'e'esto see Vtr 'e:sto= to hide obj

'e'esto see Vtr 'e:sto= to hide obj
'e'estoid see Vdtr 'e:stoid= to hide obj from somebody
'e'estois see Stat 'e:stois= to be hidden
eestoa see Vtr 'e:stoa= to hide obj
'e'e see N 'e= chin

'e'ea Vtr mult (for sing see 'ea-) [Neutr: def 'e'ea]: to plant several kinds of seeds
ex: Nt o ho(<ha)'e'ea g ha'icu kai. I'll plant several kinds of seeds.

'e'ea Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'ea-) [Neutr: indef 'e'ea. Interr: 'e'ea-him. Dur: 'e'ea-
d]: to plant seeds repeatedly
ex: Ves toabkaj 'ac ha'icu 'e'ea. Every summer we plant something (seeds). mo 'an
'e'ea hemu g Milig:n which today the Whites customarily plant. 'E'eahim 'a. I
used to plant it. Nt o ha'icu 'e'ead. I will be planting something.

'e'epo see N 'epo= beard

'e'epokam see N subst 'epokam= bearded one
'e'epola see N subst 'epola= one with a long beard
 463

'e''eopa/ 'e:b

'e''eopa Vint Distr (for Unit see 'e'eopa) [Neutr: def and indef 'e''eopa]: to
bleed one after the other
ex: Hada:dk o 'e''eopa. Each one of them will have a nose bleed (each one of their
noses will bleed).

'e''es see NExpr ha'icu 'e'es= plants (growing from seeds)

'e''es in ha'icu s-'e''es Stat Expr: to have various kinds of plants

ex: Ha'icu 'u(<'a) s'e''es. I have various kinds of plants. Hegam 'o ha'icu s'e''es. They
have various kinds of plants.

'e''esto Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'e:sto/ 'e'esto) [Neutr: indef 'e''esto. Interr:
'e''estoa-him. Dur: 'e''estoa-d]: to hide obj in various places
ex: Mu'ipa 'a 'e''esto g lialga. I always hide my money in different places. Mu'ipa
'ant o 'e''estoad g lialga. I will be hiding my money in different places.

e''estoa Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'e:stoa/ 'e'estoa) [Neutr: indef e''estoa]: to hide
obj in various places
ex: Mu'ipa 'a 'e''estoa g lialga. I always hide my money in different places.

'e''ea Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'ea-) [Neutr: def and indef 'e''ea. Interr: 'e''ea-him.
Compl: 'e''e-ok; immed 'e''e-oka-'i]: to plant seeds in various places
ex: Cum 'a ha'icu 'e''eahim. I used to plant seeds in various fields. Ves toabkaj 'ac
ha'icu 'e''ea. Every summer we plant seeds in various fields. Tt(kutt) 'am o 'e''eok
haha vo tje:. Each one of us will finish the planting and then we'll have a meeting.

'e:-

'e:b Vintr Unit (for Repet see 'e'ebe) sgs (for pls see 'e:'eb) [Neutr: def and hort 'e:b;
imper 'e:bi-/'e:ba-. Correl: 'e:b-k; immed: 'e:b-ka-'i. Compl: 'e:bi-ok/'e:b-ok; immed:
'e:bi-oka-'i/'e:b-oka-'i. Interr: 'e:b-him]: to stop crying
ex: Vat o a(<va) 'e:b. He is going to stop crying. 'Oi g 'e:b! Stop crying immediately!
M(<'am) 'u(<'o) a(<va) 'e:bhim. He is in the process of stopping crying. 'E:bioka'i/
'e:boka'i)! Stop crying first! 'E:boka'ik 'am haha vo 'oi! Stop crying and then come
with me!
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'e:bid/ 'e:bidam

'e:bid [s-] Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'e'ebid) [Neutr: def, indef and hort [s-]'e:bid; imper
sgs [s-]'e:bida-; concurs [s-]'e:bid-c. Interr: [s-]'e:bida-him. Dur: [s-]'e:bida-d]: to fear, to
be afraid of, obj (same as 'e:b[i]id)
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) o 'e:bid. I will not be afraid of him. Nap 'e:bid/s'e:bid? Are you(sg)
afraid of him/it? Nap ha'e:bid/ sha'e:bid? Are you(sg) afraid of them? 'E:bid/s'e:bid 'ac.
We are afraid of him/it. Pi g a 'i 'e:bid. Don't be afraid of me. -- 'E:bidahim' a. I was
afraid of him/it. Pi ha'icu 'an hu haha vo 'e:bidad haha va'a. In the future don't be
fearing anything at all. Ku hab a(<va) masma a 'i s'e:bid ghekaj mat hab o a(<va)
mua 'ep. In the same way I rather fear that he will kill me too. Tp(<'atp) 'am hi a(<va)
cum melivk ab(<vab) ha'e:bidc pi 'in(<'an) hu hema habei. Although (I think) he did get
there, being afraid of them he did not catch a single one of them.

'e:bid s-cu- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-cu-'e:bid; def s-cu-'e:bid-k. Dur: s-cu-'e:bid=ka-d.
Interr: s-cu-'e:bid=ka-him); pls: s-cu-'e'ebid]: to be fearful
ex: 'lida'a 'o'odham 'o scu'e:bid/ha'icu s'e:bid. This man is fearful. Scu'e:bidkahim. He
was fearful.

'e:bida N inalien [3rd pers sg 'e:bida-j]: fear

'e:bida= a nickname (my fear)

'e:bidac see Vtr s-'e:bidacud= to be afraid for somebody's sake.

'e:bidacud s- Vtr sgs (for pls see s-'e'ebidacud) [Neutr: def s-'e:bidac; indef s-
'e:bidacud]: to be afraid for obj's sake
ex: Tt(<att) o sm'e'ebidac. We will be afraid for your sake.

'e:bidam s-cu- N subst sg [pl: s-cu-'e'ebidam]: coward, fearful one

ex: Nap sma:c hega'i scu'e:bidam/ha'icu s'e:bidam? Do you know that coward?

'e:bidam vu s-cu- Stat Expr [sgs (Neutr: indef vu s-cu-'e:bidam; def vu s-cu-
'e:bidam=k. Dur: vu s-cu-'e:bidam=ka-d. Interr: vu s-cu-'e:bidam=ka-him); pls: vu
s-cu-'e'ebidam]: to be a coward
ex: Pi 'i (<'a) u scu'e:bidam. I am not a coward. Pi 'int(<'ant) u o scu'e:bidamk. I
will not be a coward. Hek hu 'a u cum scu'e:bidamkahim. Formerly I used to be a
coward.

'e:bidam s-ta- Adv sg [pl: s-ta-'e'ebidam]: frighteningly, dangerously

ex: Hi va sta-'a(<'o)-'e:bidam hab cu'ig hega'i Ho'ok. The Witch is indeed frightening.
Sta-'a(<'o)-'e:bidam has ma:s. He/it looks frightening. Sta'e:bidam 'evua. He/it acts in a
frightening way. Sta-'ant-'e:bidam ha'icu ce:ck. I had a frightening dream. Hegam 'o
sta'e'ebidam cu'ig. They are frightening.
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'e:bidama/ 'e:kcud

'e:bidama s-ta- Stat [sgs (neutr: indef s-ta-'e:b-idama; def s-ta-'e:bidama=k. Dur: s-ta-
'e:bidama=ka-d. Interr: s-ta-'e:bidama=ka-him]: to be frightening, dangerous
ex: Sta-'a(<'o)-'e:bidama hega'i 'o'odham. That man is dangerous. Sta-'a(<'o)-'e'e'bidama
hegam 'o'odham. Those men are dangerous. Hega'i vo:g cum 'o sta'e:bidamakahim.
That road used to be dangerous. Sta'e:bidama 'am veheji. He/it is dangerous for me.

'e:bidamakam s-ta- N subst sg [pl: s-ta-'e'ebidamakam]: frightening (one)

ex: Nap sma:c hega'i sta'e:bidamakam 'o'odham? Do you know that frightening man?

'e:bin see Vtr [s-]'e:b[i][id]= to be afraid of obj

'e:b[i][id] [s-] Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'e'ebe[id]) [Neutr: def 'e:bi; indef and hort
'e:bid/'e:bi. Correl: 'e:bid-k. Compl: 'e:bid-ok; immed: 'e:biid-oka-'i. Interr:
'e:bida-him/'e:bi-him. Dur: 'e:bida-d]: to be afraid of/ to fear obj (same as 'e:bid)
ex: Kumt ababa pi vo a 'i 'e:bi! But don't (you pl) be afraid of him/it! 'E:bi/ s'e:bi
'ant. I am afraid of him/it. Pi g a 'i 'e:bi/s'e:bi/'e:bid/s'e:bid! Don't (you sg) fear
him/it! Pi g 'am ha'e:bi/ha'e:bid! Don't (you sg) fear them! Pi 'i(<'a) 'e:bi/'e:bid.
I am not afraid of him/it. Heg 'o ves ha'icu 'e:bid. He is afraid of everything. Cum 'a
'e:biihim/s'e:biihim/ 'e:bidahim/s'e:bidahim. I used to be afraid of him/it. Pi g a 'i
'e:bidad! Don't (you sg) be fearing him/it! -- Hei (<hea'i) o pi m'e:bidk 'i o jiva? Who
without having feared you will come here?

'e:ka Vintr sgs (for pls see 'e:'eka) [Neutr: def 'e:ka. Compl immed: 'e:k-oka-'i. Interr:
'e:ka-him]: to get to be in the shade
ex: Kui 'at 'i 'e:ka. The tree is now in the shade. Kui 'i 'e:kahim 'o. The tree is getting to
be in the shade. 'I 'ant o 'i 'e:koka'i. I'll stay here in the shade (for a while).

'e:ka s- Vintr impers: to get, become, dark (about the time of the day)
ex: 'Am a si 'i s'e:ka ... After it had gotten very dark a 'i s'e:kahim. It is getting
somewhat dark.

'e:kc semi Stat tr [Neutr: def 'e:kc. Interr: 'e:kc=ka-him. Dur: 'e:kci-d]: to have obj in the
shade
ex: Nt m'e:kc. I'll keep you in the shade. M(<'am) ab 'i 'e:kcid! Keep me in the shade!

'e:kcud Vtr [Neutr: def and indef 'e:kcud. Interr: 'e:kcuda-him. Dur: 'e:kcuda-d]: to
shade obj with something (as with an umbrella)
ex: M(< 'am) g ab 'i 'e:kcudad. Keep on shading me.

'e:kcud Vreflex [Neutr: indef 'e-'e:kcud. Interr: 'e-'e:kcuda-him; concurs 'e-'e:kcuda-hi-

d-c]: to shade oneself (with an umbrella)
ex: 'E'e:kcudahidc 'an him. He is walking while shading himself (with an umbrella)
 466

'e:kcudaku/ 'e:keg

'e:kcudaku N inalien: umbrella, parasol

'e:kcudaku Stat [Neutr: indef 'e:kcudaku; concurs 'e:kcudaku-c]: to have an

umbrella, a parasol
ex: Ge 'e:kcudakuc 'an him. He is walking with an umbrella (unexpectedly).

'e:kdag N inalien sg [sg (3rd pers sg 'e:kda-j); pl: 'e:'ekdag]: shade, shadow (of an
animate entity)
ex: Nap eid g 'e'e:kdag? Do you see your shadow? Nap eid g ha'e:'ekdag? Do you
see their shadows?

'e:kdag in ha'icu 'e:kdag NExpr: shade, shadow (of an inanimate entity)

ki:-'e:kdag NComp: shade, shadow of a house
kui-'e:kdag NComp indiv [pl: kukui-'e:'ekdag]: shade, shadow of a tree
ex: Nap eid g kui-'e:kdag? Do you see the shadow of the tree?
vatto-'e:kdag NComp: shade, shadow of a ramada

'e:kdaj N: shade, shadow of a specified entity (its shade)

'e:keg (assim of *'e:kag) N mass: shade

ex: a 'i shevhog 'i a(<va) 'e:kegc'e. It's quite cool here in the shade.

'e:keg N sg [pl: 'e:'ekeg]: negro (used in derision; ame as 'e:kegcu)

'e:keg vu Stat Expr [pls: vu 'e:'ekeg : to be a negro

ex: Heg 'o <vu) 'e:keg. He is a negro.

'e:keg Stat intr impers [Neutr: indef 'e:keg; def 'e:keg=k. Interr: 'e:keg=ka-him. Dur:
'e:keg=ka-d]: there is shade somewhere
ex: Nt o da:kad mo 'om(<'am) 'e:keg. I will be sitting in the shade (where there is shade).

'e:keg (assim of *'e:kag) Stat intr: to be in the shade

ex: Nt 'am o 'e:kegkad gn hu do'agt'ab. I'll be in the shade up on the mountain.

'e:keg (assim of *'e:kag) Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef 'e:keg); pls: 'e:'ekeg]: to throw a
shadow, be reflected, somewhere
ex: G 'a hu 'e:keg u:dagc'ea. I am reflected in the water. G hu 'e:'ekeg u:dagc'ea.
They are reflected in the water.

'e:keg s- Stat intr impers Unit [Neutr: indef 's-e:keg; def s-'e:keg=k]: to be shady
somewhere
ex: S'e:keg 'am kui veco. It's shady under the tree.
 467

'e:keg/ 'e:sto

'e:keg s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-'e:keg); pls: s-'e:'ekeg]: to be shady, dark, colored
ex: S'e:keg 'o hega'i kui. That tree is shady. S'e:'ekeg 'o hegam kukui. Those trees are
shady. Heg 'o s'e:keg. He is colored. Hegam 'o s'e:'ekeg. They are colored.

'e:kegcu N subst alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg 'e:kegcu=ga-j); pl: 'e:'ekegcu]: colored one
(used in derision; same as 'e:keg)

'e:s see Vdtr 'e:sid= to steal obj from somebody

'e:sid Vdtr Unit (for Repet see 'e'esid) [Neutr: def 'e:s; indef and hort 'e:sid; imp sgs
'e:sida-; pls 'e:sid-o. Correl: 'e:sid-k. Compl: 'e:sid-ok; immed: 'e:sid-oka-'i. Interr:
'e:sida-him. Dur: 'e:sida-d.]: to steal obj from somebody
ex: Vatk o m'e:s. He is going (evidential) to steal it from you. M(<'am) 'at ha'i m'e:s.
He stole some from you. Cum hekid ha'icu 'e:sid. He always steals something from
me. Pi g 'am ha'icu ha'e:sid. Don't steal anything from anybody. Pi g 'am 'e:sid g
haivaga. Don't steal my cow from me. Pi g 'am 'e:sid. Don't steal it from me. Pi g
'am ha'e:sid g halialga. Don't steal their money from them. Pi g 'am ha'e:sid g lial. Don't
steal money from anybody. Heg 'o cum 'e:sidahim. He used to steal it from me.
Pi g 'am ha'e:sidad g lial. Don't be stealing money from anybody. 'e:sidk gm hu me:.
Having stolen it from me he ran away.

'e:sidac see Vdtr 'e:sidacud= to steal obj for somebody

'e:sidacud Vdtr [Neutr: def 'e:sidac]: to steal obj for somebody

ex: Ha'i g 'e:sidacud! Steal some for me! M(<'am) 'ant ha'i ha'e:sidac hega'i g lial. I
stole some money(bills) for him.

'e:sidam s- V subst dtr: to want to steal obj from somebody

ex: Cum 'o sm'e:sidam g mlialga. He wants to steal your money from you.

'e:sig N inalien aggreg [(1st pers sg -'e:sig; 3rd pers sg 'e:siga-j)]: booty, stolen goods

'e:skam s-cu- N subst [pl: s-cu-'e'eskam]: thief

ex: Nap sma:c hega'i scu'e:skam/ha'icu s'e:skam? Do you know that thief? Nap shama:c
hegam scu'e'eskam/ha'icu s'e'eskam? Do you know those thieves?

'e:skam vu s-cu- Stat Expr [pls: vu s-cu-'e'eskam]: to be a thief

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) scu'e:skam. He is a thief.

'e:sto/'e'esto Vtr [Neutr: def and hort 'e:sto/'e'esto; imper sgs 'e:sto-/'e'esto-, pls
'e:sto-yo/'e'esto-yo. Correl: 'e:sto-k/'e'esto-k; immed: 'e:sto-ka-'i/'e'esto-ka-'i. Interr: 'e:sto-
him/'e'esto-him]: to hide obj
 468

'e:sto/ 'e:stois
ex: B(<'ab) 'o him g Paul, nt(<kunt) o 'e'esto g nsi:galga. Paul is coming, I will hide my
cigarette. Pi g 'am 'e:sto! Don't hide it! Pi g 'am ha'e:sto! Don't hide them! Heg
'o hek hu 'e:stohim/'e'esto-him g 'elialga 'am 'emo'ocku veco. He has already been
hiding his money under his pillow. 'Am 'ant o 'e:stohid g lialga. I'll be hiding my
money (keeping adding to the pile). 'I 'att o 'i 'e:stoka'i. We will hide it here (for the
time being).

'e:sto/'e'esto Vreflex [Neutr: def and hort 'e-'e:sto/'e-'e'esto]: to hide oneself

ex: Pt o 'o(<'e)'e'esto mat hekid 'ab o himad g Paul. Hide yourself when Paul comes.
S'a'ago 'ot (<'at) 'e'e:sto/ 'e'e'esto). He hid himself in a secret place. Pi g 'am 'e'e:sto/
'e'e'esto! Don't hide yourself!

'e:sto/'e'esto Vreflex [Neutr: indef 'e-'e:sto/ 'e-'e'esto]: to hide oneself

again and again
ex: Ta 'e vab o 'e:stoad/'e'estoad 'an heba'i. During the day I (will) just hide
myself somewhere.

'e:sto/'e'esto Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'e''esto) [Neutr: indef 'e:sto/e'esto. Correl:
'e:sto-k/ 'e'esto-k. Interr: 'e:stoa-him/ 'e'estoa-him. Dur: 'e:stoa-d/ 'e'estoa-d]: to
hide obj again and again
ex: Heg 'o 'e:sto/'e'esto g 'elialga. He hides his money. Cum 'a hekid 'e:sto/'e'esto
g lialga ma kekid hasko hihhim. I always hide my money when I go somewhere.
Hegam kokson cum hekid 'e:sto/'e'esto g ha'icu hug. Those pack rats always hide food.
Cum 'o 'e:sto/'e'esto g 'elialga. He is trying to hide his money. Hegam 'o cum
'e:sto/ 'e'esto g 'elialga. They are trying to hide their money. Cum 'a
'e:stoahim/'e'estoahim) g lialga. I used to hide my money. Nt haha vo
'e:stoad/'e'estoad g lialga mant hekid hasko o hihhimad. In the future I will be hiding
my money when I go somewhere.

'e:stoi see Vdtr 'e:stoid= to hide obj from somebody

'e:stoid/'e'estoid Vdtr [Neutr: def 'e:stoi/ 'e'estoi; hort 'e:stoid/'e'estoid]: to hide obj
from somebody
ex: Nt o m'e:stoi. I'll hide it from you. Pi g 'am 'e:stoid! Don't hide it from me! Pi
g 'am ha'e:stoid/ha'e'estoid! Don't hide it from them!

'e:stois/'e'estois Stat [Neutr: indef 'e:stois/'e'estois; def 'e:stois=k/'e'estois=k. Interr:

'e:stois=ka-him/ 'e'estois=ka-him]: to be hidden
ex: 'E:stois 'o g lial. The money is hidden. Pi 'ipt(<'apt) o 'eag, 'e:stois/ 'e'estois 'o .
You won't find it, it is hidden. 'I mamce mas heba'i 'e'estois hega'i lial! Find out where
the money is hidden! 'I mamce mas hebi o 'e'estoisk hega'i lial! Find out where the
money is hidden!
 469

'e:stokc/ 'e:'el[i]d

'e:stokc semi Stat tr sgs (for pls see 'e:'estokc) [Neutr: def, indef, and hort 'e:stokc;
imper e:stokci-. Interr: 'e:stokci=ka-him. Dur: 'e:stokci-d]: to have obj hidden
ex: Nap 'e:stokc? Do you(sg) have it hidden? Nap ha'e:stokc? Do you(sg) have them
hidden? 'E:stokci g 'elialga! Have your money hidden!

'e:stokc semi Stat reflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'e:'estokc) [Neutr: def and indef 'e-
'e:stokc]: to have oneself hidden
ex: Nt o 'e:stokc. I'll have myself hidden. 'E-'o-'o(<'e)'e:stokc. He has himself hidden.
'E'e:stokckahim. He has been keeping himself hidden. 'E-g-'e'e:stokcid! Keep
yourself hidden! -- Nt o 'e:stokcid. I will keep myself hidden.

'e:stoa/ 'e'estoa Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'e''estoa) [Neutr: indef 'e:stoa/'e'estoa.
Interr: 'e:stoa-him/'e'estoa-him. Dur: 'e:stoa-d/'e'estoa-d]: to hide obj reiteratedly
ex: Hegam kokson cum hekid 'e:stoa/ 'e'estoa g ha'icu hug. Those pack rats always
hide food. Nt haha vo 'e:stoad/ 'e'estoad g lialga mant hekid hasko o hihhimad. In
the future I will be hiding my money every time I go somewhere.

'e:'eb Vintr pls (for sgs see 'e:b) [Neutr: def 'e:'eb; imper 'e:'ebi-o/ 'e:'eb--o. Interr:
'e:'eb-him. Compl: 'e:'eb-ok; imme: 'e:'eb-oka-'i; imper: 'e:b-oka'i-o]: to stop crying
ex: T(<'at) o a(<va) 'e:'eb. They are going to stop crying. 'E:'ebio/'e:'ebio! Stop
crying! 'E:'eboka'io! Stop crying for a while! Cum 'o 'e:'ebhim mat hekid o 'i:'i g
'evi:bga. They used to stop crying when they were going to drink their milk. M(<'am)
'u(<'o) a(<va) 'e:'ebhim. They are in the process of stopping crying.

'e:'e N inalien mass [3rd pers sg 'e:'ea-j]: blood

'e:'e-mehidag NComp(?): charred blood

'e:'eka Vintr pls (for sgs see 'e:ka) [Neutr: def 'e:'eka]: to get to be in the shade
ex: Kui 'at 'i 'e:'eka. The trees are in the shade.

'e:'ekdag see N inalien 'e:kdag= shade, shadow

'e:'ekeg see N 'e:keg= negro
'e:'ekegcu see N 'e:kegcu= negro

'e:'el[i]d hab, has VExpr tr pls (for sgs see hab, has 'el[i]d) [Neutr: def hab/has 'e:'el;
indef and hort hab/has 'e:'elid]: to think of obj
ex: Hegam 'o'odham 'am hab 'i 'e:'el g ta. Those men thought of the sun. a:m 'i
'e:'elid/Kum has 'e:'elid/Mams has 'i 'e:'elid? What are your(pl) thoughts about him/it?
'Am g o hob(<hab) 'i 'e:'elid g ta! Think (you pl) of the sun!
 470

'e:'el[i]d/ 'i

'e:'el[i]d hab VExpr reflex pls (for sgs see hab 'e-'el[i]d): to decide, make up one's
mind
ex: a:m 'e'e:'elid? What have you(pI) decided? Kum 'ea hab 'e'e:'elid mamt 'am hab
o ju:? But, have you(pl) decided to do it? Heu'u, kuc hab t'e:'elid. Yes, we have made
up our minds. M(<'am) 'amt o hihi 'am gvui mam heba'i 'i(<'e)'e:'elid mamt 'am o hihi.
You(pl) will go wherever you decide to go.

'e:'el[i]d has VExpr reflex pls (for sgs see has 'e-'elid) [Neutr: indef has 'e-'e:'elid.
Dur: has 'e-'e:'el[i]da-d]: to feel shame
ex: Pi g o 'om(<'am) has 'e'e:'eldad! Don't (you pl) be bashful!

'e:'el[i]d s- semi Stat reflex pls (for sgs see s-e-'el[i]d): to feel ashamed, bashful
ex: Hegam 'o s'e'e:'elid. They are ashamed. -- Cum 'o s'e'e:'elidahim/s'e'e:'elidkahim. They
used to be bashful. --Pi g o 'om(<'am) s'e'e:'eldad. Don't (you pl) be bashful.

'e:'elidc in ha'icu hab 'e:'elidc semi Stat Expr pls (for sgs see ha'icu hab 'elidc):
to have plans
ex: Nam 'am ha'icu hab 'e:'elidc? Do you have plans?

'e:'estokc semi Stat tr pls (for sgs see 'e:stokc) [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'e:'estokc;
imper: 'e:'estkci-o. Interr: 'e:'estokci=ka-him. Dur: 'e:'estokci-d]: to have obj hidden
ex: Nam 'e:'estokc g 'elilialga? Do you(pl) keep your money hidden? 'E:'estokcio g
'elilialga! You(pl) keep your money hidden!

'e:'estokc semi Stat reflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'e:stokc) [Neutr: def and indef 'e-
'e:'estokc]: to have oneselves hidden
ex: Hegam 'o 'o(<'e)'e:'estokc. They have themselves hidden. 'Im hu heba'i 'e'e:'estokc.
They have themselves hidden somewhere. 'Im hu s'a'ago 'e'e:'estokc. They have
themselves hidden in a secret place. Pi g o 'om(<'am) 'e'e:'estokcid! Don't be keeping
yourselves hidden! Tt o t'e:'estokcid. We will be keeping ourselves hidden.

'i-

'i Aux Stat [def: 'i=k. Interruptive:'i=ka-him];: to be it

ex: 'I 'it(<'at) 'i gei. He fell down.-- Nt ababa vo shamai matp hekid o 'ik. But I'll find out
when it will be.--Kunt 'am hab o ju: hega'i cikpan matp hascu u o 'ik. I'll be able to do
the work whatever it might be.-- Hega'i gevkdaj ba'ivckim 'ikahim. His strength used to
be greater than mine.
 471

'ia/ 'iajid

'ia (dial: 'iu) N inalien mass [distr: 'i''a]: saguaro fruit pulp
ex: Nt o hido g 'ia. I will cook my saguaro fruit pulp. M(<'am) 'ant ab o ho(<ha)
hido g 'ia. I will cook only some of my saguaro fruit pulp. Vo hihhido g 'e'i''a! Each
one of you will cook your respective saguaro fruit pulp!

'ia (dial: 'iu) Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'i''a) [Neutr: indef 'ia. Interr:'ia-him. Dur: 'ia-d]: to
pick saguaro fruit (the fruits are peeled on the spot and only the pulp is gathered in a
basket)
ex: 'Ia 'a. I am picking saguaro fruit. 'Ia 'ac. We are picking it saguaro fruit. 'A
a(<va) hek hu 'iahim. I have already picked saguaro fruit. M(<'am) g ab 'i 'iad! Keep
on picking saguaro fruit!

'iagcud Vdtr sgo (for plo see 'i'agcud) [Neutr: def 'iagc; hort 'iagcud]: to make an
offering of obj to somebody (same as 'iagculid)
ex: 'I a(<va) 'iagc. She offered it (the basket) to me (here).

'iagculid Vdtr sgo (for plo see 'i'agculid) [Neutr: def 'iagcul; hort 'iagculid]: to make
an offering of obj to somebody (same as 'iagcud)
ex: 'I 'ant o m'iagcul 'i:da'a. Here I am offering this to you(sg).

'iags Stat intr [sgs (Neutr: indef 'iags; def 'iags=k. Interr: 'iags-ka-him); pls: 'i'ags]: to be
offered

'iagsid Vreflex impers [Neutr: def 'e-'iags; indef 'e-'iagsid]: to get offered
ex: 'I 'o 'e'iagsid. Here is the offering place (things get offered)

'iagt Vtr sgo (for plo see 'i'agt) [Neutr: def 'iagt]: to make an offering of obj (When a
girl has made her first basket, she is supposed to go to an experienced basket maker to
whom she will either offer her first basket or something bought with the money from the
sale of the first basket. The skill of the experienced basket maker is thus transmitted to
the girl. Formerly the offering was accompanied by ceremonial touching by the
experienced basket maker.)
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) 'iagt g hua, 'oia hab pi huataag. I did not make an offering of my (first)
basket, that is why I am not a good basket maker. Nt o 'iagt 'i:da'a: bayoka 'am 'A'al-
Hiha'it'am. I will make an offering of this necklace at the Children's Graves (a shrine).

'iagta N inalien indiv [pl: 'i'agta; distr: 'i''agta]: offering; wooden effigy of certain
animals which are supposed to cause sickness.

'iajid Vtr [Neutr: indef 'iajid]: to get all over obj

ex: 'iajid g mumuval. Flies are all over me. 'U'ukc g mumkidag c cum hascu 'iajid.
(Flies) are carriers of diseases and get all over things.
 472

'ial/ 'iapt

'ial Vintr sgs (for pls see 'i'al) [Neutr: def 'ial. Interr: 'ial[i]-him. Correl: 'ial[i]-him-k]:
to roll over
ex: T o 'ial. It is going to roll over. 'I ge:k 'am 'i 'ialhim. It fell down and rolled over
(with interruptions). M(<'am) 'at 'ialhimk g hu gei. After rolling over it stopped there.

'ialkaag s- Stat: to be steep downward (same as s-'agpaag)

ex: 'Ab 'o 'i s'ialkaag. It is a steep slope downward.

'iam see Vtr 'iame= to go picking saguaro fruit

'iame (dial: 'iume) Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'iamme) sgs (for pls see 'iayop)
[Neutr: def 'iam; hort 'iame]: to go picking saguaro fruit
ex: Nt o 'iam. I'll go picking saguaro fruit. 'Iamea! Go pick saguaro fruit!

'iam ge Part Expr: negative opinion on the speaker's part

ex: 'Iam ge [s]kegaj. He is not nice, in my opinion. 'Iam ge [s]meldag. He is not a fast
runner, in my opinion.

'iamme Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'iame) sgs [Neutr: indef 'iamme]: to go picking
saguaro fruit repeatedly
ex: P hekid 'i 'iamme? When do you(sg) go picking saguaro fruit?

'iapa Vintr Unit (for Distr see 'i'apa) [Neutr: def 'iapa. Interr: 'iapa-him]: to come back
from gathering saguaro fruits
ex: Napt 'iapa? Did you just come back from gathering saguaro fruits? 'Iapa 'ant. I just
came back from gathering saguaro fruits. 'Iapahim 'o. She is on her way back from
gathering saguaro fruits.

'iapa Vintr Unit (for Repet see 'i'apa): to come back reiteratedly from gathering
saguaro fruits
ex: Nt o 'ip 'iapa. First I'll come back from gathering saguaro fruits

'iapaa Vintr Unit (for Distr see 'i'apaa): to come back reiteratedly from gathering
saguaro fruits
ex: P hekid 'i 'iapaa? When do you(sg) usually come back from gathering saguaro fruits?
M hekid 'i 'iapaa? When do you(pl) usually come back from gathering saguaro fruits
(which you gathered together)? 'Iapaa 'a ga hu 'i jujjud. I usually come back from
gathering saguaro fruits in mid morning (between 9 and 10).

'iapt Vtr [Neutr: def and hort 'iapt]: to fill a basket with the flour that falls from the
grindstone (same as 'iapud)
ex: Heg 'apt 'an o 'iapt. I'll fill that (basket) with the flour that falls from the grindstone.
 473

'iapta/ 'iava

'iapta N inalien indiv [pl/distr: 'i'apta]: cradle (made of a rope wrapped around a blanket
and hung to a tree)
ex: 'Ali 'o gn hu vo'o 'iaptac'e. The child is lying over there in the cradle.

'iapud Vtr [Neutr: def and hort 'iapud. Correl: 'iapud-k]: to fill a basket with flour that
falls from the grindstone (same as 'iapt)
ex: 'I bek g hua, 'ant o 'iapudk o cui g pilka. Bring (me) a basket, I am going to fill it
after I grind the wheat.

'iattogid Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'i'attogid) [Neutr: def 'iattog; hort and indef
'iattogid]: to lie to obj
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) o m'iattog. I will not lie to you(sg). Pi 'itt(<'att) o m'iattog. We will
not lie to you(sg). Pi g 'am 'iattogid. Don't lie to me. Pi g 'am ha'iattogid. Don't lie
(to somebody). Heg 'o cum hekid ha'iattogid. He lies all the time (to somebody).

'iattog see Vtr 'iattogid= to lie to obj

'iattog N: lie, fake

'iattog vu Stat Expr: to be a lie, a fake

ex: 'Id 'o (<vu) ab 'iattog. This is just a lie. 'Idam 'o (<vu) ab 'iattog. These
(thing) are just fakes.

'iattomk s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef and def s-'iattomk); pls: s-'i'attomk]: to be lying
ex: Heg 'o s'iattomk. He is lying. 'A:pi 'aptp pi 'iattomk. You may not have lied.
Hegam 'o s'i'attomk. They are lying (liars).

'iattomkam s- N subst sg [pl: s-'i'attomkam]: liar

ex: Heg 'at hab o 'a: s'iattomkam. He will call me a liar.

'iattomkam vu s- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-'i'attomkam]: to be a liar

ex: D(<vu) 'ap ab s'iattomkam. You(sg) are just a liar.

'iava Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'iavup; for Distr see 'i''ava) sing (for mult see 'i'ava)
[Neutr: def, indef and hort 'iava. Correl: 'iava-k. Interr: 'iavu-him. Dur: 'iava-d]: to throw
away a pile of obj, to empty, spill, pour a containerful of obj
ex: Nt o 'iava g a'i. I'll throw away the trash. Nt o 'iava g vapso 'am 'akc'e. I'll throw
away the cans (they are in a pile or in a container) in the wash. M(<'am) g hu 'iava g
tatpial! Throw away the papers (they are in a pile or in a container) over there! Gam g
hu 'iava! Throw it/them away over there! M(<'am) g hu 'iava g mans:na, jeva 'atk!
Throw away the apples (in a pile or in a container), they are rotten! M(<'am) g hu 'iava
g bi:j vi'idag! Throw away what is left on his plate! M(<'am) g hu 'iava g habibi
 474

'iava/ 'iavid
vi:pi'idag. Throw away what is left on their plates. 'Am 'ac 'iava g taiga. We throw
away our trash there. 'Am 'att o 'iavad g taiga. We will be throwing away our trash
there. N(<'an) g ha 'iava g alcohol 'ana'i mat 'an kei g ko'ov. Pour some alcohol
where the rattlesnake bit me. Pi g a 'i ha 'iava! Don't spill any of it! B(<vab) o
'iavuhimk o u:dad g va:lin! Keep on pouring in water until you have filled the tank!

'iava Vreflex [Neutr: def and indef 'e-'iava. Interr: 'e-'iavu-him]: to spill, run over
ex: 'E-'o-'iava g 'e:'e 'am nda:k 'e. My nose is bleeding (my blood in my nose is
spilling itself). 'E-'et(<'at)-'e'iava g u:dag. The water has run over. --'E-'o-'e'iavuhim
g kavh:. The coffee is running over.

'iava Vreflex impers Unit (for Repet see 'e-'iavup) [Neutr: def and indef 'e-'iava]; to
get thrown away
ex: M(<'am) 'o ha'icu 'e'iava. Things are thrown away there. Mo hascu 'am vi'ihim g
ha'icu hug k gm hu 'u(<'e)'iava. Whatever food is left, it is thrown away.

'iava Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-'iavup; for Distr see 'e-'i'iavup) pls (for sgs see
'e-ge:) [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'e-'iava]: to fall down (same as m'iava or 'e-ulig)
ex: Vamt o 'i 'i(<'e)'iava. You(pl) are going to fall down. Tt o 'i t'iava. We are going to
fall down. Pi g o 'om(<'am) hu 'i 'i(<'e)'iava! Don't (you pl) fall down!

'iava Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-ge:sid) to get tired out, exhausted (same as 'e-
ul[i]gid)
ex: T'iava 'att. We are tired out.

'iavadk in ha'icu 'e-'iavadk NExpr: dumping place (where things are being thrown
away)
a'i 'e-'iavadk NExpr [loc: a'i 'e-'iavadk 'am]: trash heap (where trash is being
thrown away)
ex: M(<'am) 'att hu o hihi mo 'om(<'am) g a'i 'e'iavadk 'am. Let's go to the trash heap.

'ia-vaag (dial: 'iu-vaag) NComp(?) alien mass: saguaro fruit juice

'iavid Vdtr [Neutr: def 'iav; hort and indef 'iavid]: to empty, spill, throw away, a
containerful of obj for somebody
ex: M(<'am) 'at o ho(<ha)'iav g a'i. He is going (hearsay) to be a trash collector (throw
away trash for somebody). M(<'am) 'at o ho(<ha)'iav g haa'iga. He is going to be
their trash collector (throw away their trash for them). M(<'am) g 'iavid g kostal!
Could you empty my bag (of cotton) for me! Ha'iavid g hakokstal. He empties their
bags (of cotton) for them.
 475

'iavis/ 'ibhup

'iavis Stat [sing (Neutr: indef 'iavis; def 'iavisk); mult: 'i'iavis]: to form a pile
ex: Svaag hu: 'i hab ge 'iavis. Here is an unexpected pile of fresh corn. Hu: 'am ge
'i'avis. There are (unexpectedly) piles of corn over there.

'iav see Vdtr 'iavid= to empty, spill, throw away a containerful of obj for somebody

'iavup Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'iava) [Neutr: indef 'iavup. Interr: 'iavupa-him. Dur:
'iavupa-d]: to throw away a pile of obj repeatedly, to empty, spill, pour a containerful of
obj repeatedly
ex: M(<'am) 'a hu 'iavup g na'iga 'akc'e. I throw away my trash in the wash. 'I 'ac
cum 'iavupahim g ta'iga. Here is where we used to throw away our trash. Cum 'o
hekid 'iavup g u:dag. He always spills water.

'iavup Vreflex impers Repet (for Unit see 'e-'iava): to get thrown away repeatedly
ex: M(<'am) 'o 'o(<'e)'iavup g a'i. The trash is thrown away there.

'iavup Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-'iava) pls (for sgs see gega) [Neutr: indef 'e-
'iavup]: to fall down repeatedly (same as m'iavup or 'e-uhullig)
ex: Cum hekid 'i 'i(<'e)'iavup. They fall down each time.

'iayop (dial: 'iuyop) Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'i''o) pls (for sgs see 'iame) [Neutr: def
'iayo; hort 'iayop]: to go picking saguaro fruit
ex: Tt o 'iayo. We'll go picking saguaro fruit. M(<'am) g hu o 'iayop! Go picking
saguaro fruit over there! M hekid 'i 'iayop? When do you go picking saguaro fruit?

'ibhunc see Vtr 'ibhuncud= to wind (a horse)

'ibhuncud Vtr sgo (for plo see 'i'ibhuncud) [Neutr: def 'ibhunc; hort 'ibhuncud]: to
wind (a horse)
ex: Pt o 'ibhunc g 'eoiga. You are going to wind your horse.

'ibhuim N subst sg [pl: 'i'ibhuim]: winded horse

'ibhuim vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu 'i'ibhuim]: to be a winded horse

ex: D(<vu) 'o 'ibhuim. It is a winded horse. D(<vu) 'o 'i'ibhuim. They are winded
horses.

'ibhup Vintr sgs (for pls see 'i'ibhup) [Neutr: def 'ibhup. Interr: 'ibhupa-him]: to gasp
for breath, to be out of breath
ex: 'Ibhup 'ant. I got out of breath. 'Ibhupahim 'a. I am out of breath (with
interruptions)
 476

'ibhupa/ 'ihugga

'ibhupa Vintr sgs (for pls see 'i'ibhupa) [Neutr: indef 'ibhupa. Interr: 'ibhupaa-
him. Dur: 'ibhupaa-d: to pant, puff
ex: Nap 'ibhupa? Are you(sg) puffing?

'id see 'i:da'a= this

'idam see 'i:da'a= this
'idam see Stat Expr vu 'i:da'a= to be him/her/it

'ida Part: now, nowadays, at present

ex: 'Ab ki:kahim mo 'ida vu a(<va) 'i hetasp 'ahidag. I used to live up there five years
ago. T(<kut) 'e'ai ma 'ida hahehemapad g hemajkam. It is now the time when I gather
the people (for Mass). ia k hab 'a'aga mo hemu 'ida 'an ma:s 'aba'i. Well, it is said
that it is still visible up there, nowadays. Heg 'o hob(<hab) 'u:v mapt 'ida 'i 'ep ha'u'apa
g hemajkam. It smells of the people that you have just now brought back. hekid 'at o
'i jiva hega'i m'am 'ida pi ha'icu. ... when he arrives that fellow who is not here now.
ia hab masma hab cu'ig 'ida. Well, that is how they are nowadays.

'iham Vtr [Neutr: def and hort 'iham]: to delay obj

ex: Pt o 'iham. You are going to delay me. Pi g 'am 'iham! Don't (you sg) delay me!
Pi g 'am t'iham! Don't (you sg) delay us! Pi g o 'om(<'am) 'iham! Don't delay me!

'ihamadaj vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu 'i'ihamdaj]: to be slow at getting ready

ex: Heg'i (<vu) 'ihamadaj. He is slow. Hegam 'o (<vu) 'i'ihamdaj. They are slow.

ihug (dial: 'ihog) N alien aggreg or indiv alien [pl/distr: 'i'ihug]: devilsclaw (pods or
bushes; Martynia parviflora)
ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'ihug 'am 'oidagc'e. I saw a few devilsclaw bushes in the field. Nt
o ha'i mnolot g 'ihug. I'll buy a few devilsclaw pods from you.

'ihugag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'i'ihugag): to be full of devilsclaw bushes
in one location
ex: S'ihugag 'am m'oidag 'e. There is a lot of devilsclaw in your field.

'Ihugaj Adv: a nickname (like-devilsclaw)

'ihugame Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see 'ihugo) [Neutr: def 'ihugam; hort 'ihugame]: to
go after devilsclaw
ex: Nt o 'ihugam. I'll go after devilsclaw.

'ihugga Stat intr sgs [pls: 'i'ihugga]: to have devilsclaw

ex: Nap ge 'ihugga? Do you(sg) have devilsclaw? Nap ha'i 'ihugga? Do you(sg) have
some devilsclaw? Nam ge 'i'ihugga? Do you(pl) have any devilsclaw?
 477

'ihugga/ 'ikus-

'ihugga s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'i'ihugga]: to have a lot of devilsclaw

ex: Nap s'ihugga? Do you(sg) have a lot of devilsclaw? Nam s'i'ihugga? Do you(pl)
have a lot of devilsclaw?

'ihugga vu Stat Expr [sing: vu 'ihugga; mult: vu 'i'ihugga]: to be somebody's

devilsclaw
ex: D(<vu) 'o 'ihuggaj. It is her devilsclaw. Heg 'o (<vu) 'ihugga. It is the devilsclaw
of that one. D(<vu) 'o ho(<ha)'i'ihugga. It is their devilsclaw.

'ihuggam N subst: a place where there is devilsclaw

'ihug-kai NComp: devilsclaw seeds

'ihugo Vintr pls (for sgs see 'ihugame) [Neutr: def 'ihugo]: to go after devilsclaw
ex: Tt o 'ihugo. We'll go after devilsclaw.

'ikus (dial: 'iks) N inalien mass: cloth, canvas

ex: 'Ikuskaj 'an hobinoc g 'emacpu. His finger is bandaged (wrapped with cloth).

'ikus N inalien indiv [pl: 'i'ikus]: pieces of material

'ikus Stat: to be wearing a piece of cloth

ex: a: 'o ma:s 'ikus? What kind of cloth is he wearing? S'uam 'o 'ikus. He is wearing a
piece of yellow cloth.

'ikus-ki: NComp: tent (canvas house)

'ikust Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'i'ikust) [Neutr: def and hort 'ikust]: to make obj into a
quilt
ex: Nt o hema 'ikust. I'll make a quilt. 'i'ikus m(<'am) 'ant o 'ikust. I'll make a quilt
out of my (left over) pieces of material.

'ikusta N: act of making a quilt

'ikusta N inalien [pl: 'i'ikusta]: quilt in process of being made

'ikus-vako NComp: water bag (canvas canteen)

'ikus-vakus NComp [1st pers sg -'ikus-vakus; 3rd pers sg 'ikus-vakusi-j]: carpeting

(canvas flooring)
ex: S'evia g 'ikus-vakus. My carpeting is worn out.
 478

'iol/ 'ip[k] haha

'iol N aggreg: a variety of green berries (tasting like apples)

'iol see Vtr 'iol[i]d= to fry, stir obj

'iol[a]gid Vtr [Neutr: def 'iolag; hort 'iolgid. Correl: 'iolgid-k]: to fry (with lard and
seasoning), stir, mix, obj (same as 'iol[i]d)
ex: Nt o 'iolag g hido. I'll fry my food. M(<'am) g 'i 'iolgid! Stir it!

'iol[a]gid Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'iolag]: to get mixed together

ex: Mu'i ha'icu o 'o(<'e)'iolag. Many things will get mixed together.

'iolag see Vtr 'iol[a]gid= to fry, stir, mix obj

'iolags s-'e Stat [Neutr: indef s-'e-'iolags. Interr: s-'e-'iolags=ka-him. Dur: s-'e-
'iolags=ka-d]: to be mixed together

'ioldaku N inalien sg indiv [pl: 'i'oldaku; distr: 'i''oldaku]: bean pot (used for frying
beans; same as 'iolgidaku)

'iolgidaku N inalien sg indiv [pl: 'i'olgidaku; distr: 'i''olgidaku ]: bean pot (used for
frying beans; same as 'ioldaku)

'iol[i]d Vtr [Neutr: def 'iol; hort 'iolid]: to fry, stir (same as 'iol[a]gid)

'Iolkam N: name of a mountain (one-having-iol-berries)

'ip see 'ipk

'ip[k] (assimil: 'op[k] and so on ...) Conj: first ...then

ex: Mant 'am o 'ip[k]. I will, but later (I will first finish what I am doing). Nt o 'ip[k]
va na:to g ncikpan. First I will finish my work. M 'ant o a(<va) m'a:g mant o 'op[k]
a(<va) na:to g ncikpan. I will tell it to you, but first I will finish my work. Mat u o
'ip[k] 'i gi'ik tak, nt 'am o a(<va) hi:. After four days, I'll go there. Pi 'i(<'a) cegto,
nt o 'op[k] 'am 'i 'oidahi. I do not remember, I'll have to think about it first.

'ip[k] ...haha Conj Expr: first ...then

ex: T(<kut) o 'op[k] hab si'al 'i ke:, nt hab haha vo cei. I will tell him after dawn (first it
will dawn, then I will tell him). Vo 'ip[k] huuk 'at haha vo jiva. He will arrive
(hearsay) after sunset. M(<'am) 'ant hab o 'ip[k] mjuidka'ik haha vo hi:. I will do it for
you before I go. M(<'am) 'att o 'ip[k] je:jenoka'ik 'am haha 'ep o 'i onvic. We will
have a smoke before we resume it (the singing)..
 479

s'ip[k] hekid/ 'i'agcud

'ip[k]... hekid/ hekid ...'ipk[]: Conj Expr: until

ex: M(<'am) g ab 'i himadc o 'ip[k] hekid g hu jiva! Keep on walking until you get
there!-- Vat o 'eve:m ce'eceveda kut hekid o 'ip[k] bai. They will grow together until they
ripen. --C hekid o 'ip[k] scuckad 'ant haha vo hihhimad. And every day I'll be going until
after dark.

'ipu N inalien indiv sg [pl: 'i'ipu; distr: 'i''ipu]: skirt, dress

ex: Ha'i 'ant sha'o:hod g 'i'ipu. I am tired of some of my dresses.

'ipucud Vdtr sing (for mult see 'i'ipucud) [Neutr: def 'ipuc; hort 'ipucud]: to
make a skirt, a dress for somebody out of obj

'ipucud Vreflex tr: to make oneself a skirt, dress with obj

ex: Nt o ho(<ha) bei g lo:ba t(<kut) o s'o'oik, vo hema 'ipuc. I'll get some material with
designs to make me a skirt/dress. Nt o hema 'ipuc 'i:d'a lo:ba m'i a ka:c. I'll make
myself a dress/skirt with this material that is right here.

'ipuad Vreflex [Neutr: def and hort 'ipuad. Correl: 'ipuad-k]: to put on a skirt,
kilt (of the navijh), dress
ex: Nt o 'ipuad. I'll put on my skirt, dress.

'iput Vtr sing (for mult see 'i'iput): to make a skirt, dress with obj
ex: Nt o hema 'iput 'i:da'a lo:ba m'i a ka:c. I'll make a skirt/dress with this material that is
here.

'iskaliv (Span: escalera) N inalien sg indiv [pl: 'i'iskaliv]: ladder

'isk:va/'isk:bli (Span: escoba, escobilla) N sg [pl: 'i'iskkova/ 'i'iskkobli]: chisel

'ispi N inalien sg indiv [pl/distr: 'i'ispi]: pantry, larder, store room

'ispul N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers 'ispuli-j); pl: 'i'ispul; distr: 'i''ispul]: spur
ex: B g cu:ci'a g 'e'i'ispul! Put your spurs on!

'istliv (Span: estribo) [pl: 'i'istliv]: stirrup

'istvho (Span: estufa) N inalien sg indiv [pl: 'i'isttuvho]: stove

'i'agcud Vdtr plo (for sgo see 'iagcud) [Neutr: def 'i'agc; hort 'i'agcud]: to make an
offering of obj to somebody (same as 'i'agculid)
ex: 'I a(<va) 'i'agc. She offered them to me.
 480

'i'agculid/ 'i'ava

'i'agculid Vdtr plo (for sgo see 'i'agculid) [Neutr: def 'i'agcul; hort 'i'agculid]: to make
an offering of obj to somebody (same as 'i'agcud)

'i'ags see Stat 'iags= to be offered

'i'agt Vtr plo (for sgo see 'iagt) [Neutr: def 'i'agt]: to make an offering of obj
ex: Nt o 'i'agt 'idam babyoka 'am 'A'al-Hiha'it'am. I will make an offering of these
necklaces at the Children's Graves.

'i'agta see N 'iagta= offering, wooden effigy of certain animals

'i'aji Adv: from here, from now on

ex: T 'i'aji o sm'e:bidad g hemajkam. From now on, the people will fear you. ... mat
'i'aji o gi'ik tak, t o bai. ... four days from now, it will ripen. Ku 'i'aji hu 'am a(<va)
shama:c. I found out about them from here.

'i'al Vintr pls (for sgs see 'ial) [Neutr: def 'i'al]: to roll over

'i'apa Vintr Distr (for Unit see 'iapa): to come back from gathering saguaro fruits
ex: 'I'apa 'att. Each one of us has just come back from gathering saguaro fruits.

'i'apa Vintr Distr (for Unit see 'iapa): to come back from gathering saguaro fruits
ex: Tt o 'ip 'i'apa. First, each one of us will come back from gathering saguaro fruits.

'i'apaa Vintr Distr (for Unit see 'iapaa): to come back from gathering saguaro fruits
reiteratedly
ex: M hekid 'i 'i'apaa? When does each one of you usually come back from gathering
saguaro fruits? 'I'apaa 'ac ga hu 'i jujjud. Each one of us usually comes back from
gathering saguaro fruits mid morning (between 9 and 10).

'i'apta see N 'iapta= cradle

'i'attogid Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'iattogid) [Neutr: def 'i'attog; indef and hort
'i'attogid]: to lie to obj
ex: Ha'i'attog g 'eje:j. Each one of them lied to their respective mothers.

'i'attomk see Stat s-'iattomk= to be lying, a liar

'i'attomkam see N subst s-'iattomkam= liar

'i'ava Vtr mult (for sing see 'iava) [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'i'ava]: to throw away
several piles of obj, to empty, spill, pour several containerfuls of obj
 481

'i'ava/ 'i'ibhaig
ex: M(<'am) g hu ha'i'ava g tatpial! Throw away the papers (several piles or several
containerfuls of them)!

'i'avis see Stat 'iavis= to form a pile

'i'avup Vreflex Distr (for Unit see 'e-'iava) [Neutr: indef 'e-'i'avup]: to fall down one
after the other (same as 'e-uhullig and m'i'avup)
ex: 'I 'i(<'e)'i'avup. They fell down one after the other.

'i'i- Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'i:'e; for Distr see 'i:'i) [Neutr: def 'i:; hort 'i:-'i; imper sgs
'i'i-, pls 'i'i-vo. Correl: 'i'i-k; immed: 'i'i-ka-'i. Compl: 'i'-ok; immed: 'i'-oka-'i. Interr: 'i'i-
him.]: to drink obj
ex: He'ekia 'i ha'i g kokoba? How many drinks did you have (how many glasses did you
drink)? Pi 'int(<'ant) haha 'ep o ho(<ha) 'i: g navait. I will not drink any wine again.
'Al cem g 'ab 'i:'i! Drink a little bit of it! Pi g 'am hu ge'e 'ab 'i:'i! Don't drink too much
of it! Hek hu 'a cum si 'i'ihim g kavh:. Formerly, I used to drink a lot of coffee.
Vi:b 'i'ihim 'ok c hab ma:s. He has been drinking milk and it shows. Nt o 'i'ihid. I'll be
drinking it (with interruptions). T o 'i'ihidc o himad. He'll be drinking it as he goes.
'I'oka'i! Have a drink first (you sg)! 'I'oka'io! Have a drink first (you pl)! Nt o
'i'oka'ik haha vo koi. I'll have a drink and then I'll go to bed. Pt o 'i'oka'i napt voho 'i ab
o jiva! Have a drink first, although you did not come here for that reason! (welcoming
formula) mehi 'ant cum 'i'ok g kavh:. I burnt myself in drinking coffee. 'I'ok gm
hu hi:. He drank it and left. S'i'imcud, nt o himk o ho(<ha) 'i'ok. I feel like a drink, I'll
go and get a drink (drink some).

'i'i- Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'i:]: to get to be drunk

ex: ia k 'am hab 'e'i: g navait ba'ic ' i ma:sig. Well, and wine was drunk the next
morning.

'i'iad Vtr [Neutr: def and hort 'i'iad]: to drink obj one after the other
ex: B(<'ab) g o 'i'iad! Drink it one after the other!

'i'ibam see 'i'ibko'i- = to choke

'i'ibdag see N 'i:bdag= heart
'i'ibdag see N 'i:bdag= fruit (of a plant)
'i'ibdag see Stat 'i:bdag= to have fruits (about a plant)
'i'ibdag see Stat s-'i:bdag= to have a lot of fruits (about a plant)
'i'ibhai see N 'i:bhai= prickly-pear fruit

'i'ibhaig s- Stat Distr (for Unit see s-'i:bhaig): to be full of prickley pear fruits in
various locations
ex: S'i'ibhaig 'o . There is a lot of prickley pears (in various places).
 482

'i'ibhaimag/ 'i'ibhupa

'i'ibhaimag see Stat s-'i:bhaimag= to be blueish purple

'i'ibhiopha Vintr pls (for sgs see 'i:bhio) [Neutr: def 'i'ibhiopha]: to regain one's
breath
ex: Namt 'i'ibhiopha? Have you(pl) regained your breath?

'i'ibhu Vintr pls (for sgs see 'i:bhu) [Neutr: def and hort 'i'ibhu]: to breathe, to take a
breath
ex: B(<'ab) g o si 'i'ibhu! Take a deep breath (you pl)!

'i'ibhui see N 'i:bhui= breath, breathing

'i'ibhuimad Vtr pls (for sgs see 'i:bhuimad): to blow on obj (ceremonial blowing)
ex: Mamakai 'o ho(<ha)'i'ibhuimad. Medicine men blow on people (them).

'i'ibhuiva Vtr (for Repet see 'i'ibhuivup; for Distr see 'i:'ibhuivapa) [Neutr: def,
hort and indef 'i'ibhuiva]: to exhale obj

'i'ibhuiva Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'i:bhuiva): to catch one's breath
ex: Namt 'e'i'ibhuiva? Have you(pl) caught your breath?

'i'ibhuivo Vintr pls (for sgs see 'i:bhuivo) [Neutr: def 'i'ibhuivo. Correl: 'i'ibhuivo-k;
immed: 'i'ibhuivo-ka-'i]: to catch one's breath
ex: Tt o 'ip 'i'ibhuivoka'i! Let us first regain our breath!

'i'ibhuivup/'i'ivhuivap Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'i'ibhuiva) pls: to exhale obj
ex: 'I hohovickvupc 'ab 'i 'i'ibhuivup. They inhale it (cigarette smoke) and exhale it
repeatedly.

'i'ibhuncud Vtr plo (for sgo see 'ibhuncud) [Neutr: def 'i'ibhunc; hort 'i'ibhuncud]:
to wind horses
ex: Pt o ho(<ha)'i'ibhunc g 'eooiga. You are going to wind your horses.

'i'ibhuim see N subst 'ibhuim= winded horse

'i'ibhuim see Stat Expr vu 'ibhuim= to be a winded horse

'i'ibhup Vintr pls (for sgs see 'ibhup) [Neutr: def 'i'ibhup. Interr 'i'ibhupa-him]: to
gasp for breath
ex: 'I'ibhup 'att. We are out of breath. 'I'ibhupahim 'ac. We are gasping for breath.

'i'ibhupa Vintr pls (for sgs see 'ibhupa) [Neutr: indef 'i'ibhupa]: to pant
ex: Nam 'i'ibhupa? Are you panting?
 483

'i'ibkok/ 'i'icuddam

'i'ibkok see V intr 'i'ibko'i- = to choke

'i'ibko'i-/'i'ibam Vintr pls (for sgs see 'i:bam) [Neutr: def 'i'ibk/ 'i'ibam. Correl:
'i'ibko-k/'i'ibam-k. Interr: 'i'ibko'i-him/'i'ibama-him]: to get out of breath, to choke
ex: Namt 'i'ibam/ 'i'ibk? Are you(pl) out of breath? --'I'ibamahim/ 'i'ibko'ihim 'ac. We are
getting out of breath.

'i'ibko'icud Vtr plo (for sgo see 'i:bamcud) [Neutr: def 'i'ibko'ic; indef 'i'ibko'icud.
Correl: 'i'ibko'icud-k]: to take the breath out of obj away, to choke obj
ex: Vab 'am 'i ha'i'ibko'ic. It/he took their breath away completely. Vab 'am 'i
ha'i'ibko'icudk 'am 'i hakokda ves. Having choked them, it killed them all.

'i'ibko'icudc semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see 'i:bamcudc) [Neutr: indef 'i'ibko'icudc.
Dur: 'i'ibko'icudci-d]: to have obj waiting (when he should be somewhere else on time)
ex: Pi g 'am t'i'ibko'icudcid! Don't make us wait!

'i'ic see Vtr 'i'icud= to give to drink to obj, to water obj

'i'icud Vtr [Neutr: def 'i'ic; indef and hort 'i'icud. Correl: 'i'icud-k. Compl: 'i'icud-ok.
Interr: 'i'icuda-him; concurs 'i'icuda-him-c. Dur: 'i'icuda-d.]: to give to drink to obj, to
water obj
ex: Nt o 'i'ic g ko:ji noiga. I'll water my pig. Ha'ij 'am ha'u'a g 'al huha heg'ab ha'i'icud
g 'eooiga. Some of them have kinds of baskets in which they give water to their horses.
ia tp hema 'am 'i'icudahimc 'am a(<va) 'i vavac ... Well, someone having watered
(his horse) until it had quenched its thirst ... K 'ab 'eta:tk mat o 'opk (<'ipk) a 'i'icudok
haha vo 'i ha'oi. And he felt that he should water (his horse) first, before he rejoined them.

'i'icud in ha'icu 'e-'i'icud VExpr reflex: to be under treatment (to be given

something to drink)

'i'icudac see Vdtr 'i'icudacud= to give to drink to obj for somebody

'i'icudacud Vdtr [Neutr: def 'i'icudac; hort 'i'icudacud]: to give to drink to obj for
someobody
ex: Nt o 'i'icudac g ko:ji. I'll give water to the pig for him. 'Oi g 'i'icudacud g ko:ji!
Give water to the pig for me riszght away!

'i'icudaku N inalien aggreg [distr: 'i:'icudaku]: trough (same as 'i'iku)

'i'icuddam in ha'icu ha'i'icuddam subst NExpr: a type of medicine man (the one
that makes something to drink for people)
 484

'i'idag/ 'i'ihogig

'i'idag N inalien mass [sg (3rd pers sg i'ida-j); distr: 'i''idag]: drink
ex: Nt o ho(<ha) 'i: hega'i 'i'idag. I'll drink some of that drink.

'I'idag in Navait-'I'idag NComp inalien [1st pers pl: t-Navait-'I'idag]: Wine Drinking
Ceremony (also called 'I'idag)

'i'idag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'i''idag]: to be a heavy drinker

ex: Hega'i 'o'odham 'o s'i'idag. That man is a heavy drinker. Hegam 'o s'i''idag. They
are heavy drinkers.

'i'idkam s- N subst sg [pl: s-'i''idkam]: heavy drinker

'i'idkam vu s- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-'i''idkam]: to be a heavy drinker

ex: Si voho mo (<vu) s'i'idkam. He is a real heavy drinker.

'i'ihamdaj see Stat Expr vu 'ihamadaj= to be slow at getting ready

'i'iho see Vintr 'i'ihog= to cough

'i'ihog Vintr sgs (for pls see 'i''ihog) [Neutr: def 'i'iho; hort and indef 'i'ihog; imper sgs
'i'ihoga-. Interr: 'i'ihog-him]: to cough
ex: 'I'iho 'ont(<'ant) I coughed (once). 'I 'i'ihog, m(<'am) g hu 'i'ihog. Cough, cough (it)
out. 'I'ihog 'o. He is coughing. B(<'ab) 'o 'i'ihoghim. He is coming this way
coughing (with interruptions).

'i'ihogc see Vtr impers 'i'ihogcud= to make obj cough

'i'ihogcud Vtr impers sgo (for plo see 'i''ihogcud) [Neutr: def 'i'ihogc; indef
'i'ihogcud. Correl: 'i'ihogcud-k. Interr: 'i'ihogcuda-him. Dur: 'i'ihogcuda-d]: to make obj
cough
ex: T o m'i'ihogc. It will make you cough (once).-- T o m'i'ihogcudad. It will make you be
coughing. T o a m'i'ihogc, pt o 'i: g kula. If it makes you cough, take medicine.
'i'ihogcud 'o. I have a cold (it is making me cough). Nomaigcudk 'i'ihogcud. I
cough because I caught cold.

'i'ihogdam N subst sg [pl: 'i''ihogdam]: tubercular (a person who has tuberculosis)

'i'ihogdam vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: 'i''ihogdam]: to be a tubercular, to have tuberculosis

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) 'i'ihogdam. He has tuberculosis. --Hegam 'o (<vu) 'i''ihogdam. They
have tuberculosis.

'i'ihogig N: coughing, cough

 485

'i'ihogig-/ 'i'im

'i'ihogig-kula NComp(?): cough medicine (medicine to cure cough)

'i'ihogig-mumkidag NComp(?): tuberculosis (coughing disease)

'i'ihug see N 'ihug= devilsclaw

'i'ihugag/'i''ihugag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'ihugag): to be full of

devilsclaw in several locations
ex: S'i'ihugag 'o 'om(<'am) ha'o'oidag 'e. There is a lot of devilsclaw in their fields.

'i'ihugga see Stat Expr vu 'ihugga= to be somebody's devilsclaw

'i'ihugga see Stat intr 'ihugga= to have devilsclaw
'i'ihugga see Stat intr s-'ihugga= to have a lot of devilsclaw

'i'ikam vu Stat Expr: to be one drinking something

ex: Ciij ab hab 'i sgak natp hemu u 'i u:dag-'i'ikam. His mouth was completely
parched because he had not drunk any water in a long time.

'i'ikam vu Stat Expr reflex: to be a drinking bout

ex: Mo vaha vu a(<va) 'i 'e'i'ikam. The drinking bout is still going on.

'i'iku N inalien aggreg [distr: 'i:'iku]: trough (same as 'i'icudaku)

'i'ikus N inalien [1st pers sg -'i'ikus]: bedding (including sheets and blankets)

'i'ikus N inalien aggreg: pieces of left over material, rags

ex: 'i'ikus m(<'am) 'ant o 'ikust. I'll make a quilt out of my left over pieces of material.

'i'ikust Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'ikust): to make obj into a quilt, a blanket, repeatedly
ex: 'I'ikust 'a. I make quilts.

'i'ikusta see N 'ikusta= quilt in process of being made

'i'im see Vtr 'i'ime= to go and drink obj

'i'im s- V subst tr: to feel like drinking obj

ex: Maptp o s'i'im, m(<'am) g ab 'a:gid. If you(sg) feel like having a drink (of it), just
tell me. Nap s'i'im? Would you(sg) like to have a drink (of it)?

'i'im Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'i:m): to greet obj by the kinship term
ex: Ha g o 'i'im g 'ehahaju! Each one of you, greet your respective relatives by the
kinship terms!
 486

'i'imcud/ 'i'imme

'i'imcud s- semi Stat impers tr Unit (for Repet see s-'i'immkcud) [Neutr: def s-'i'imc;
indef s-'i'imcud. Interr s-'i'imcud=ka-him. Dur: s-'i'imcud=ka-d/s-'i'imcuda-d]: to make
obj feel like drinking something
ex: No sm'i'imcud? Do you feel like having a drink (of it)? Heu'u s'i'imcud. Yes, I
feel like having a drink (of it). Pi 'o 'i'imcud hemu. No, I don't feel like having a drink
right now. Nat sm'i'imc? Do you want a drink (of it)? Tt o ho(<ha) va'igk g u:dag
t o s'i'imcudkad/s'i'imcudad. Let's take some water along, I'll want to have a drink.

'i'ime Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'i'imme) sgs (for pls see 'i'op) [Neutr: def 'i'im; hort
'i'ime]: to go and drink obj
ex: Nt o 'i'im g navait. I'll go to the wine ceremony (to drink wine). M(<'am) g hu
'i'ime g navait! Go (you sg) to the wine ceremony!

'i'imgam see Stat Expr vu 'i:mgam= to be related to

'i'imigim in has 'e-'i'imigim/'e-'i'imigam NExpr reflex: a pair of in-laws

'i'imigim in vu has 'e-'i'imigim/ 'e-'i'imigam StatExpr: to be in-laws

ex: D(<vu) 'o has 'e'i'imigam. They are in-laws (to each other).

'i'imig see N 'i:mig= relative, kin, kinship

'i'imig see NExpr has 'i:mig= in-law

'i'imk s- Stat tr [sgs (Neutr: indef and def s-'i'imk); pls (Neutr: indef and def s-'i''imk)]:
to be a drinker (of alcohol), to want to drink obj
ex: Heg 'o s'i'imk. He is a drinker (of alcohol). Hegam 'o s'i''imk. They are drinkers (of
alcohol).--Heg 'o g vi:u s'i'imk. He is a whiskey drinker.--Nap s'i'imk? Do you(sg) want
a drink? Heg 'o s'i'imk g u:dag. He wants a drink of water. Maptp o s'i'imk o 'a:g!
If you feel like having a drink, tell me!

'i'imkam s- N subst [pl: s-'i''imkam]: drinker (of alcohol)

ex: Nap sma:c hega'i s'i'imkam? Do you know that drinker (of alcohol)? Nap shama:c
hegam s'i''imkam? Do you know those drinkers (of alcohol)?
vi:u s'i'imkam NExpr: a whiskey drinker
ex: Nap sma:c hega'i vi:u s'i'imkam? Do you know that whiskey drinker'

'i'imkam vu s- Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu s-'i''imkam]: to be a drinker (of alcohol)

vi:u s'i'imkam vu Stat Expr: to be a whiskey drinker
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) vi:u s'i'imkam. He is a whiskey drinker.

'i'imme Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'i'ime) sgs [Neutr: indef 'i'imme ]: to go and drink
obj repeatedly
 487

'i'immkcud/ 'i'ita

'i'immkcud s- semi Stat impers tr Repet (for Unit see s-'i'imcud): to make obj feel
like drinking something repeatedly
ex: S'i'immkcud g kavh: hek hu kc hemu haha pi 'i'imcud. Before, I used to feel like
drinking coffee all the time, but now I don't.

'i'imtalig s- Stat: to be thirst producing

ex: S'onk ha'icu 'o hob(<hab) a(<va) a 'i s'i'imtalig. Salty food is quite thirst producing.

'i'inam see s- Stat s-'i:nam= to be hungry for meat

'i'ink see s- Stat s-'i'iko'i- = to be hungry for meat

'i'inko'i- Vintr pls (for sgs see 'i:nam) [Neutr: def 'i'ink]: to become hungry for meat
ex: 'I'ink 'att. We are hungry for meat.

'i'ipu see N 'ipu: skirt, dress

'i'ipucud Vdtr mult (for sing see 'ipucud) [Neutr: def 'i'ipuc; hort 'i'ipucud]: to
make skirts/ dresses for somebody out of obj

'i'iput Vtr mult (for sing see 'iput): to make skirts/ dresses with obj

'i'iskaliv see N 'iskaliv= ladder

'i'iskkobli see N 'isk:bli= chisel
'i'iskkova see N 'isk:va= chisel
'i'ispi see N 'ispi= pantry, larder
'i'ispul see N 'ispul= spur

'i'ispul in cucul-'i'ispul NComp aggreg: lark spurs (a flower; also called kuko-
vu:pulim)

'i'istliv see N 'istliv= stirrup

'i'isttuvho see N 'istvho= stove

'i'ita Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'i:t): to get a containerful of obj repeatedly, to scoop up
obj repeatedly (used only with aggregate or individual nouns)
ex: Nt o 'i'ita g jevu. I'll scoop up a containerful (basketfuls, bucketfuls, boxfuls) of soil
in lumps each time. Nt o 'i'ita g pilka. I'll scoop up a containerful of wheat each time.

'i'ita Vreflex Repet (for Unit see 'e-'i:t): to get scooped up with a container or a shovel
repeatedly
ex: Mo hekaj 'e'i'ita g jevu. (A shovel is) that with which lumps of soil are scooped up.
 488

'i'itaiku/ 'i'oldaku

'i'itaiku N inalien aggreg [distr: 'i:'itaiku]: any instrument used to scoop things up
with (used only with aggreg or indiv nouns)

'i'ito Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'i:'ito) [Neutr: def and hort 'i'ito; imper sgs 'i'ito-, pls 'i'ito-
yo. Correl: 'i'ito-k. Compl immed: 'i'ito-yoka-'i. Interr: 'i'ito-him]: to drink all of obj once
ex: Nt o 'i'ik cum 'alo 'i'ito. I'll drink almost all of it. Koi 'atk 'i'ito g 'evasib. He has
not finished his drink yet. Koi 'atk 'i'ito g 'evassib. They have not finished their drinks
yet. 'I'ito g 'evi:bga! Drink up your milk! 'I'itohim 'a. I am almost finished with
my drink. 'I'itoyoka'i! Finish your drink first (before you do anything else)! 'I'itok
'am haha hi:. He finished his drink and then, he left.

'i'itto Vtr [Neutr: indef 'i'itto. Dur: 'i'ittoa-d]: to drink all of obj again and again
ex: Pi hekid 'i'itto g 'evasib. He never finishes his drink. T hi o ge 'i'ittoad. I wonder
why he does not finish his drink (but still asks for some more).

'i'itto Vtr [Neutr: indef 'i'itto]: to drink all of obj reiteratedly, to drink one drink after
the other
ex: Heg 'o cum hekid si ve:pegk 'i'itto g 'evasib. He is always the first one to finish his
drink (he drinks one glass after the other).

'i'iv[a]gid Vtr [Neutr: def 'i'ivag; hort and indef 'i'ivgid]: to start a fire with a fire drill
(This is still done once a year on Holy Saturday. The candles in church are lit with fire
started with a fire drill.)

'i'ivagidag see NExpr ha'icu 'i:vagidag= buds, new small leaves

'i'ivagidag see Stat s-'i:vagidag= to be full of buds, new small leaves
'i'ivag see Vtr 'i'ivagid= to start a fire with a fire-drill

'i'ivdho N: a bush used to make storage baskets

'i'ivgi Vintr pls (for sgs see 'i:vagi) [Neutr: def 'i'ivgi. Interr: 'i'ivgi-him]: to bud, to
shoot small new leaves
ex: 'Ab 'i 'i(<'e)'ai mat o 'i'ivgi ha'icu. It is the time of the year when plants are going to
get new leaves. 'I'ivgihim 'o g 'u'us. Trees are getting new leaves (with interruptions).

'i'ivgidaku N: fire drill (instruments to make a fire with)

'i'ivgim see Adv s-'i:vagim= leaf-like, grass-like

'i'ok see Vtr 'i'i- = to drink obj
'i'oldaku see N 'ioldaku= bean pot used for frying beans
'i'olgidaku see N 'iolgidaku= bean pot used for frying beans
 489

'i'op/ 'i''a

'i'op Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'i''o) pls [Neutr: def 'i'o; hort 'i'op]: to go and drink obj
ex: Tt o 'i'o g navait. We'll go to the wine ceremony. M(<'am) g hu o 'i'op g navait! Go
to the wine ceremony!

ioa Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ioa]: to clear one's throat once (same as 'e-ioan?)
ex: Nt o ioa. I'll clear my throat.

ioaa V reflex [Neutr: indef 'e-ioaa. Dur: 'e-ioaaa-d]: to clear one throat
several times in a row
ex: Pt o 'i 'eioaaad! Keep on clearing your throat several times in a row!

ioan Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-ioa; indef and hort 'e-ioan. Interr: 'e-ioana-him]: to
clear one's throat once (same as 'e-ioa?)
ex: Pt o 'i 'eioa! (You should) clear your throat! 'E-g-'eioan! Clear your throat!
B(<'ab) 'o 'o(<'e)ioanahim. He is approaching, clearing his throat off and on.
N(<'an) 'o 'o(<'e)ioanahim. He is going by, clearing his throat off and on.

'i'ovi Vintr [Neutr: def 'i'ovi. Interr: 'i'ovi-him]: to become sweet tasting
ex: 'I'ovi 'itk (<'atk) 'i:da'a nala. This orange is (has become) sweet. 'I'ovi 'itki(<'atk)
hegam nala. Those oranges are (have become) sweet (evidential).

'i'ovij see Vtr 'i'ovijid= to sweeten/ put sugar in, obj

'i'ovijid Vtr [Neutr: def 'i'ovij; hot 'i'ovijid]: to sweeten/ put sugar in, obj

'i'ovim s- Adv: sweet-tasting, good-tasting in a way that makes one's mouth water
ex: S'i'ovim 'u:v. It smells good (to eat).--S'i'ovim 'eku'a g ko:ji-cu:kug. Pork tastes good.

'i'ov s- Stat [Neutr: indef s-'i'ov; def s-'i'ov-k]: to tate sweet, good (in a way that
makes one's mouth water)
ex: Lu:lsi 'o ob(<vab) si s'i'ov. The candy/candies is/are sweet-- M(<'am) 'apt o a 'al
ha vua g 'asugal t o a 'al s'i'ovk! Put some sugar in it so that it will taste sweeter!

'i'ov s-Adj: sweet-tasting

'i'ov in [s-]'i'ov-cecemait NComp aggreg: cookies

'i''a Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'ia) [Neutr: indef 'i''a. Interr: 'i''a-him. Dur: 'i''a-d]: to pick
saguaro fruit
ex: M(<'am) g o ob(<vab) 'i 'i''ad! Each one of you keep on picking it (saguaro fruit)!

'i''a see N 'ia= saguaro fruit pulp

 490

'i''agta/ 'i''o
'i''agta see N 'iagta= offering; wooden effigy of certain animals

'i''ava Vtr Distr (for Unit sing see 'iava; mult see 'i'ava) [Neutr: def and hort 'i''ava]:
to throw away, to spill, pour obj
ex: M(<'am) g o hu 'i''ava g 'eaiga! Each one of you, throw away your trash there!

'i''idag see N 'i'idag= drink; drinking

'i''idag see Stat s-'i'idag= to be a heavy drinker
'i''idkam see N subst s-'i'idkam= heavy drinker
'i''idkam see Stat Expr vu s-'i'idkam= to be a heavy drinker

'i''ihog Vintr pls (for sgs see 'i'ihog) [Neutr: def 'i''iho; hort and indef 'i''ihog]: to
cough

'i''ihogcud Vtr impers plo (for sgo see 'i''ihogcud) [Neutr: def 'i''ihogc; indef
'i''ihogcud]: to make obj cough
ex: Mat heba'i ha'icu 'am o smohogidk tba'itk 'e, t o t'i''ihogc. When something itches
somewhwere in our throat, it makes us cough. 'A'al 'o ho(<ha)'i''ihogcud. It makes the
children cough.

'i''ihogdam see N subst 'i'ihogdam= tubercular

'i''ihogdam see Stat Expr vu 'i'ihogdam= to be a tubercular, to have tuberculosis

'i''ihogdam haki: N Expr: sanatorium (turberculars their house)

'i''ihugag see Stat s-'i'ihugag: to be full of devilsclaw in various locations

'i''ihugo Vintr Distr (for Unit sgs see 'ihugame, for pls see 'ihugo): to go after
devilsclaw

'i''imk see s- Stat s-'i'imk= to be a drinker of alcohol

'i''imkam see s- N subst s-'i'imkam= drinker of alcohol
'i''imkam see Stat Expr vu s-'i'imkam= to be a drinker of alcohol
'i''ipu see N 'ipu= skirt, dress
'i''ispul see N 'ispul= spur

'i''isvigag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'i:svigag)= to be full of hedgehog cacti
in several locations

'i''o Vtr Distr (for Unit pls see 'i'op) [Neutr: def 'i''o]: to go and drink obj
ex: T o 'i''o g navait. I heard that they are going to the wine ceremony.
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'i''o/ 'i:bdag

'i''o Vtr Distr (for Unit pls see 'iayop; sgs see 'iame): to go picking saguaro fruit
ex: M(<'am) 'at hu 'i''o. Each one of them went picking saguaro fruit over there.

'i''oldaku see N 'ioldaku= bean pot (used for frying beans)

'i''olgidaku see N 'iolgidaku= bean pot (used for frying beans)

'i:-

'i: see Vtr 'i:m= to greet obj by the kinship term

'i: see Vtr 'i'i- = to drink obj

'i:badt Vintr [Neutr: def 'i:badt. Interr 'i:badta-him]: to bear fruits

ex: 'Ida 'i:badt. It bears fruits at this time of the year. K hekid 'i 'i:badt 'i:da'a? When
does this bear fruits?

'i:bam Vintr sgs (for pls see 'i'ibko'i-) [Neutr: def 'i:bam. Correl: 'i:bam-k. Interr:
'i:bama-him]: to get out of breath, to choke
ex: Napt 'i:bam? Are you(sg) out of breath? 'I:bam 'ant. I got out of breath. Am 'i
'i:bamk 'am 'i mu: hega'i Ban. Having choked, Coyote died. 'I:bamahim 'a. I am about
to be out of breath.

'i:bamc see Vtr 'i:bamcud= to take the breath of obj away, to choke obj

'i:bamcud Vtr sgo (for plo see 'i'ibko'icud) [Neutr: def 'i:bamc; hort and indef
'i:bamcud. Correl: 'i:bamcud-k]: to take the breath of obj away, to choke obj
ex: Pt o 'i:bamc. You are going to choke me. Vab 'am 'i 'i:bamc. It took his breath
away completely. T o huhu'idk o 'i:bamcudk haha va vo mua. They will pursue him
until he is out of breath and then they will kill him.

'i:bamcudc semi Stat tr sgo (for plo see 'i:bko'icudc) [Neutr: def indef and hort
'i:bamcudc. Dur: 'i:bamcudci-d. Interr: 'i:bamcudc=ka-him]: to have obj waiting when he
should be somewhere else on time
ex: 'i:bamcudc. He makes me wait. Pi g 'am 'i:bamcudcid! Don't make me wait!

'i:bdag N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg 'i:bda-j); pl: 'i'ibdag]: heart
ex: G hu 'u:pam o s'ap 'i gei g 'i:bdaj. He will regain courage (his heart will fall rightly
again). 'i:bdag 'at hoi. I am nauseated (my heart moved). Si sceim da'a g 'i:bdag.
My heart is thumping (beating with a thumping noise).
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'i:bdag/ 'i:bhio

'i:bdag in ha'icu 'i:bdag NExpr aggreg sing [mult: ha'icu 'i'ibdag]: fruits (of a plant)
ciolim-'i:bdag NComp alien aggreg [3rd pers sg ciolim-'i:bdag=ga-j]: cholla buds
nala-'i:bdag NComp alien aggreg: orange(s)

'i:bdag Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef 'i:bdag; def 'i:bdag=k. Interr: 'i:bdag=ka-him. Dur:
'i:bdag=ka-d); pls: 'i'ibdag]: to have fruits (about a plant)
ex: a 'i si skeg 'i:bdag. It has very beautiful fruit.

'i:bdag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'i'ibdag]: to have lots of fruit (about a plant)
ex: 'I 'ok kehe(<ke:k) g nala k 'ok s'i:bdag. Here stands an orange tree and it has lots of
fruit (evidential).

'i:bdaj N inalien aggreg: fruits of a specified entity (its fruits); saguaro fruits
ex: Ha'i 'i m'iava g 'i:bdaj. Some of its fruits have fallen down.

'i:bhai (met of *'i:bahi) N alien aggreg [distr: 'i'ibhai]: fruit(s) of the prickley pear
cactus (nav)
cecioj-'i:bhai NComp aggreg: a variety of fruits of the prickley pear cactus
kavk-'i:bhai NComp aggreg: a variety of fruits of the prickley pear cactus
miak-['a]n-g-'i-vo'iva-['i:bhai] NComp aggreg: a variety of fruits of the prickley
pear cactus
moik-'i:bhai NComp aggreg: a variety of fruits of the prickley pear cactus
skeg-'i:bhai NComp aggreg: a variety of fruits of the prickley pear cactus
'o'ok-'i:bhai NComp aggreg: a variety of fruits of the prickley pear cactus

'i:bhaig s- Stat Unit (for Distr see s-'i'ibhaig): to be full of prickley pear fruits in a
single location
ex: Cum hekid o s'i:bhaigk. There will always be a lot of prickley pear fruit.

'i:bhaiga Stat: to have prickley pear fruit

ex: Nap ge 'i:bhaiga? Do you have any prickley pear fruit?

'i:bhai-ko'ime VComp Unit sgs: to die (to go and eat prickley pear fruits)

'i:bhaimag s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef 'i:bhaimag; def 'i:bhaimag-k. Interr:

'i:bhaimag=ka-him. Dur: 'i:bhaimag=ka-d); pls: 'i'ibhaimag]: to be blueish purple
ex: S'i:bhaimag 'o. It is blueish purple. a 'al s'i:bhaimag. It is kind of blueih purple.

'i:bhai-'u'ame VComp Unit sgs: to go and get prickley pear fruit

'i:bhio Vintr sgs (for pls see 'i'ibhiopha) [Neutr: def 'i:bhio]: to regain one's breath
ex: Napt 'i:bhio? Have you(sg) regained your breath
 493

'i:bhu/'i:da['a]

'i:bhu (dial: 'i:bhe) Vintr sgs (for pl see 'i'ibhu) [Neutr: def, hort and indef 'i:bhu.
Interr: 'i:bhu-him Dur: 'i:bhu-d]: to breathe, to take a breath
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) o ho (<ha) 'i:bhu. I won't breathe at all. Pi 'o ho(<ha) 'i:bhu. He does
not breathe at all. Hehemhocudc 'i:bhu. He is breathing far apart (he is dying).
B(<'ab) g si 'i:bhu! Take a deep breath (you sg)! 'I:bhuhim 'o. He is breathing. Pi g
'am 'i:bhud! Don't be breathing!

'i:bhui N inalien [distr: 'i'ibhui]: breath, breathing

ex: B(<vab) si s'ape g 'i:bhui. My breathing is normal (just very good). B si s'ape g
ha'i'ibhui. Their breathing is normal (just very good).

'i:bhuimad Vtr sgs (for pls see 'i'ibhuimad) [Neutr: def, hort and indef: 'i:bhuimad]:
to blow on obj (ceremonial blowing)
ex: Ma:kai 'o ho(<ha)'i:bhuimad. The medicine man is blowing on them.

'i:bhuiva Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'i:bhuivup) sgs (for pls see 'i'ibhuiva) [Neutr:
def, hort and indef 'i:bhuiva]: to exhale obj
ex: B(<'ab) g 'i ha 'i:bhuiva! Exhale some of it! ... 'am si 'i:bhuiva huig vui ka:cim
vo:g. ... he blew it (the cigarette smoke) on the road that lies towards the west.

'i:bhuiva Vreflex Unit sgs (for pls see 'e-'i'ibhuiva): to catch one's breath
ex: Napt 'e'i:bhuiva? Have you(sg) caught your breath?

'i:bhuivo Vintr sgs (for pls see 'i'ibhuivo) [Neutr: def 'i:bhuivo. Correl: 'i:bhuivo-k;
immed: 'i:bhuivo-ka-'i. Interr: 'i:bhuivo-him]: to catch one's breath
ex: 'I:bhuivo 'ont(<'ant). I have caught my breath. 'I:bhuivohim 'a. I am beginning to
catch my breath. Nt o 'ip 'i:bhuivoka'i! Let me catch my breath first!

'i:bhuivup/'i:bhuivap Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'i:bhuiva) sgs: to exhale obj
repeatedly
ex: 'I hovickvupc 'ab 'i 'i:bhuivup. He repeatedly inhales (cigarette smoke) and exhales it.

'i:bko'icudc see semi Stat tr 'i:bamcudc: to have obj waiting when he should be
somewhere on time

'i:da['a]/ 'i:d'a, 'id[-] Pers Pr [sg (instr: 'i:da-kaj); pl (instr: 'idam-kaj)]: this one
ex: A:i'i kc 'i:da'a: Me and this one 'A:i'i kc 'idam: Me and these No o(<vu)
mki: 'i:da'a? Is this your house? 'Id 'o o(<vu) ki:. This is my house. No 'id
u(<vu) vuikam? Is this for me? 'I:da 'atk ve:ci. This one has become heavy.
T(<kut) 'id heg o a(<va) bei mo (<vu) ge'ecu mo (<vu) ge'e 'i:da'a. He will get that
(bird) which is oldest, he (this one) who is the elder. Ka: 'a matk 'id hage:g. I hear
that he won. 'Id 'atk 'ab 'evonomad. He put his hat on. Mat 'i:da/'id 'am o hi:. This
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'i:da['a]/ 'i:mgam

one will go there. Kut 'id o a(<va) 'i je:id hejel. She will be the only one to smoke it.
Nap 'id hab cum 'elid hek hu va 'i? Is this what you have been wanting for a long time?
'Id 'a hek hu hub(<hab) a(<va) 'i cum 'elid. This is what I have been wanting for a
long time. 'I:dakaj o 'om(<'am) 'e'ais. This one will make up the number (it will be
reached by this one). 'Idamkaj o 'om(<'am) 'e'ais. These will make up the number. Pi
'i (<'a) hama:c g hemajkam 'in 'id'oidc. I do not know the people around here (this).

'i:da['a]/ 'i:d'a, 'id[-] Adj [pl: 'idam]: this

ex: 'id 'ahid 'ab= this year --'idda:m jevu= on this earth --Va kupt has masma hab juk
ha'ui 'i:da'a cu:kug? How did you manage to get these pieces of meat? 'I hahemapa
'idam ha'icu doakam. Here he gathered these animals. Kutt hekid 'id 'an o 'i himc 'i:da
'ovicka ... When we will pass around this cigarette ... 'I:da 'o'ohon 'at u o 'egak. This
book will be mine. 'I:da 'o viappoi cum hekid 'am 'i dadde vapaika hada:m. This boy is
always jumping over ditches. --K 'id has 'evua 'ali? What does this child usually do? 'Id
'o skegaj pa:la. This shovel is good. 'Id 'atk 'ab si kuava ma:gina 'ab kuit'ab. This car
rammed into a mesquite.-- 'An 'o 'o'ohonas 'id'ea 'o'ohon. It is written in this book. Pi
'it(<'at) 'am hu 'apet 'ab 'id'amje 'uv. It did not work out because of this woman.

'i:da'a vu Stat Expr [sg (Neutr: indef vu 'i:da'a; def vu 'i:da-k. Interr: vu 'i:da-ka-
him. Dur: vu 'i:da=ka-d); pl (Neutr: indef vu 'idam; def vu 'idam-k. Interr: vu 'idam-
ka-him. Dur: vu 'i:dam=ka-d)]: to be him, her, it
ex: K u 'i:da'a, pi hasig. And this is it, it is not difficult. 'At u o 'i:dak. It will be
it/him/her. 'At u o 'i:damk. It will be them.

'i:da'a in vu a(<va) 'i 'i:da'a Stat Expr: to be all

ex: D(<vu) 'o va 'i 'i:da'a. This is all. 'At u o a(<va) 'i 'i:dak. This will be all.
D(<vu) a(<va) 'i 'i:dakahim. This was all.

'i:m Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'i'im) [Neutr: def 'i: ; hort and indef 'i:m; imper: sgs 'i:mi- /
'i:ma-, pls 'i:mi-o/'i:m-o; concurs 'i:m-c. Correl: 'i:m-k. Compl: 'i:mi-ok/ 'i:m-ok. Interr:
'i:mi-him/ 'i:ma-him. Dur: 'i:ma-d.]: to greet/ call obj by the kinship term
ex: B(<'ab) 'apt o 'i:/'i:m. You will call me by the kinship term. B(<'ab) g 'i 'i:m! Call
me by the kinship term! B(<'ab) a(<va) bek 'ab 'i:mc hab kaij "nnavoj". Having taken
it, he greeted him by the kinship term, saying "my friend". 'Ab ha'i:mihim. He is going
around greeting them by the kinship terms. Cum hekid 'apt o ho(<ha) 'i:mad g 'ehaju!
Always greet your relatives by the kinship terms!

'i:mgam vu Stat Expr tr sing [mult: vu 'i'imgam]: to be related to obj

ex: a:p u 'i:mgam?/ P(<kup) has u 'i:mgam? How are you(sg) related to him? a:p
u 'i'imgam? How are you(sg) related to them?
 495

'i:mig/ 'i:sid

'i:mig (dial: 'i:mil) N inalien aggreg [distr: 'i'imig]: relative, kin

ex: na:nko 'i:mig= my various relatives (in one location)-- 'i'imig= my relatives (in
various locations

'i:mig N: kinship
ex: C 'ep mat 'am haha mai g 'i:mig. And then they also learned about kinship. Matt
ha'i vo sma:ck has u o 'i tju:juk hab o 'a: "'i:mig". When we know how people (some)
are related to us, we call it "kinship".

'i:mig in has 'i:mig NExpr inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg has -'i'imig); pl: has
'i'imig]: in-law

'i:mk see N 'i:n= soot

'i:n/ 'i:nk/ 'i:mk N mass: soot

ex: Nt o 'i ha vu:ad g 'i:n. I'll remove some of the soot. Ge'eda 'atk g 'i:nk. Soot has
accumulated.

'i:nam s- Stat (sgs (Neutr: indef s-'i:nam; def s-'i:nam=k. Interr: s-'i:nam=ka-him. Dur:
s-'i:nam=ka-d); pls: s-'i'inam/ s-'i'ink]: to be hungry for meat
ex: 'Id 'o s'i:nam. He is hungry for meat. 'Idam 'o s'i'inam/s'i'ink). They are hungry for
meat. S'i'inamkahim 'ac. I used to be hungry for meat. S'i'inamkahim 'ac. We were
hungry for meat.

'i:nam Vintr sgs (for pls see 'i'inko'i-) [Neutr: def 'i:nam. Interr: 'i:namahim]: to get
hungry for meat
ex: 'I:nam 'ant. I am hungry for meat. T(<kut) o 'i:nam g 'ali. The child will get hungry
for meat. 'I:namahim 'a. I feel pangs of hunger for meat.

'i:nk see 'i:n= soot

'i:s Stat intr Unit (for Distr see 'i:'is): to be in a container, to make up a containerful
ex: 'Am 'i:s g ba:bas huac'e. There is a basketful of potatoes. 'O 'om(<'am) ha'icu 'i:s.
There is a containerful of something. Hua u:dc 'i:s g pilka. There is a basket filled to
the brim with wheat.

'i:s see Vdtr 'i:sid= to get a containerful of obj to somebody

'i:sid Vdtr Unit (for Distr see 'i:'isid) [Neutr: def 'i:s; hort 'i:sid]: to get a containerful
of obj to somebody
ex: Nt o ha'i ha'i:s g mu:. I'll give them a containerful of (some) beans. G ha'i 'i 'i:sid
g mu:! Give me a containerful of (some) beans!
 496

'i:svig[]/ 'i:vagi

'i:svig[] N alien aggreg: hedgehog cactus (plant or fruit)

ex: Smu'ij g 'i:svig. There are lots of hedgehog cacti.

'i:svigag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'i''isvigag): to be full of hedgehog cacti
(in one location)

'i:t Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'i'ita; for Distr see 'i:'it) [Neutr: def and hort 'i:t. Correl: 'i:t-
k]: to get a containerful of obj, to scoop up obj with a container or a shovel (used only
with aggregate or individual nouns; with mass nouns referring to liquids see vasib)
ex: Nt o 'i:t g ba:bas. I'll get a helping of (boiled) potatoes (from the serving plate). Nt o
'i:t g jevu. I'll scoop up a containerful (shovelful, basketful, boxful) of soil (in lumps).
Nt o 'i:t g pilka. I'll scoop up a containerful of wheat. M(<'am) g ha'i 'i:t g pilka!
Scoop up some wheat! --Hua u:dk o 'i:t g pilka! Fill the basket to the brim with wheat!

'i:t Vreflex Unit (for Repet see 'e-'i'ita): to get scooped up with a container or shovel

'i:ta in ha'icu 'i:ta NExpr; inalien [sing (1rst pers sg ha'icu -'i:ta)]; mult (1st pers sg
ha'icu -'i:'ita)]: containerful of something in the process of being scooped up (used only
with aggregate or individual nouns)
pilka 'i:ta NExpr [1rst pers sg pilka -'i:ta]: basketful of wheat
'i:bhai 'i:ta NExpr: basketful of prickly pears

'i:ta[i]cug Vtr [Neutr: def 'i:ta[i]c]: to move with a containerful of obj (used only with
aggregate or individual nouns; with mass nouns referring to liquids see vasibcug; with
other mass nouns see cekcug)
ex: 'I:ta[i]cug g bid. He is carrying a basketful of clay (in lumps). 'I:ta[i]cug g 'i:bhai.
He is carrying a basketful of prickly pears. 'I:ta[i]cug g pilka. He is carrying a
basketful of wheat. Ciolim 'i:tacugk 'am 'iava cuamaikuc'e k hab cei ... Having
carried a basketful of cholla, she poured it in the cooking place and said ...

'i:ta[i]ku N inalien indiv [pl/distr: 'i:'itaiku]: container to gather things in (used only
with aggregate or individual nouns; with mass nouns referring to liquids see vasibku;
with other mass nouns see cekku)
ciolim-'i:ta[i]ku NComp: container of/for cholla buds
hu:-'i:ta[i]ku NComp: container of/for corn
mu:-'i:ta[i]ku NComp: container of/for beans
pilka-'i:ta[i]ku NComp: container of/for wheat
'i:bhai-'i:ta[i]ku NComp: container of/for prickley pear fruits

'i:vagi Vintr sgs (for pls see 'i'ivgi) [Neutr: def 'i:vagi. Interr: 'i:vagi-him]: to bud, to
shoot small new leaves
ex: Kui 'at 'i:vagi. The mesquite has new leaves. Kui 'o 'i:vagihim. The mesquite is
getting new leaves (with interruptions).
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'i:vagidag/ 'i:'e

'i:vagidag in ha'icu 'i:vagidag NExpr sing [mult: ha'icu 'i'ivagidag]: buds, new
small leaves of one type of plant
kui-'i:vagidag NComp(?): mesquite buds

'i:vagidag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'i'ivagidag]: to be full of buds, new small leaves
ex: Hega'i kui 'o s'i:vagidag. That mesquite is full of new leaves.

'i:vagidaj N inalien: buds of a specified entity (its buds)

'i:vagig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of wild spinach in one location

'i:vagim s- Adv [pl: s-'i'ivgim]: leaf-like, grass-like

ex: S'i:vagim sce:dag 'o. It is grass green. S'i'ivgim scehedag. They are grass green.

'i:vag N aggreg: wild spinach (also called 'opon[-'i:vag] and [cuhuggia-]'i:vag)

'i:vaj/'i:vij N alien: fire drill (same as 'i:vajig and 'i:vdaku)

'i:vajig N: fire drill (same as 'i:vaj and 'i:vdaku)

'i:vdaku N: fire drill (same as 'i:vaj and 'i:vajig)

'i:vid Vintr [Neutr: def 'i:v; hort 'i:vid]: to make a fire (with a fire drill)
ex: Nt o 'i:v. I'll make a fire with a fire drill.M(<'am) g 'i 'i:vid, m'i a(<va) ve:c g
'i'ivgidaku. Could you make a fire, here are the fire drill instruments.

'i:v see Vtr 'i:vid= to make a fire (with a fire drill)

'i:'a Stat [Neutr: indef 'i:'a; def 'i:'a=k. Interr: 'i:'a=ka-him. Dur: 'i:'a=ka-d]: to be here
ex: 'I:'a 'o. He is here. Hekid 'i 'i:'akahim? When was he here? Pi 'i hu o 'i:'akad! Do
not stay here!

'i:'ac semi Stat [Neutr: def and indef 'i:'ac. Interr: 'i:'ac=ka-him. Dur: 'i:'aci-d]: to stay
here

'i:'e Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'i'i-) [Neutr: def 'i:'e. Interr: 'i:'e-him. Dur: 'i:'e-d]: to drink
obj repeatedly
ex: a:cu 'up(<'ap) 'i:'e? What do you(sg) drink? a:cu 'um(<'am) 'i:'e? What do you(pl)
drink?-- 'I 'a 'i:'e g u:dag. I drink water here. 'Ab 'ok 'i:'e g kavh:. He apparently
drinks coffee. Pi g o 'om(<'am) 'i:'ed 'a:pim! Don't be drinking it (you pl)! Shoho'id
'a mant o 'i:'ed. I like to drink it. Pi g 'am si 'i:'ed! Don't (you sg) be drinking too much
of it! Heg 'a cum 'i:'ehim. I used to drink that.
 498

'i:'edam/ 'i:'ita[i]ku

'i:'edam in ha'icu 'i:'edam NExpr aggreg: drinker

vi:u-'i:'edam subst NComp aggreg: whiskey drinker
ex: Nap sma:c hega'i vi:u-'i:'edam? Do you know that whiskey drinker? Nap
shama:c hegam vi:u-'i:'edam? Do you know those whiskey drinkers?

'i:'edam vu Stat Expr tr: to be a drinker of

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) 'i:'edam. He is a drinker of it (water). Hegam 'o (<vu) 'i:'edam.
They are drinkers of it (water).
vi:u-'i:'edam vu Stat Expr: to be a whiskey drinker
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) vi:u-'i:'edam. He is a whiskey drinker.

'i:'i Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'i'i-) [Neutr: def and hort 'i:'i]: to drink obj
ex: 'An o nauppaitk 'an o 'i:'i g 'enauppait. Each one of you having made saguaro wine
will drink your respective wine(s). B(<'ab) g o 'i:'i! Drink it, each one of you!

'i:'ibhuivup/'i:'ibhuivap Vtr Distr (for Unit sgs see 'i:bhuiva, pls see 'i'ibhuiva)
[Neutr: indef 'i:'ibhuivup/'i:'ibhuivap; concurs 'i:'ibhuivup-c/'i:'ibhuivap-c]: to exhale,
breathe obj
ex: Si 'i:'ibhuivapc 'am haha vab uhullig 'am u:dagc'e. One after the other they take a
deep breath and then dive in the water.

'i:'icudaku see N 'i'icudaku= trough

'i:'iku see N 'i'iku= trough

'i:'is Stat intr Distr (for Unit see 'i:s): to be in various containers (used only with
aggregate or individual nouns)
ex: 'I:'is g ha'icu. There is something in several containers.

'i:'is see Vdtr 'i:'isid= to get a containerful of obj to various people

'i:'isid Vdtr Distr (for Unit see 'i:sid) [Neutr: def 'i:'is; hort 'i:'isid]: to get a containerful
of obj to various people
ex: Nt o ha'i ha'i:'is g mu:. I'll give to each of them a containerful of (some) beans. G
ha'i ha'i:'isid g mu:. Give to each of them a containerful of (some) beans.

'i:'it Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'i:t) [Neutr: def and hort 'i:'it. Correl: 'i:'it-k]: to get a
containerful of obj (used only with aggregate or individual nouns)
ex: B(<'ab) o 'i 'i:'itk g 'emummuga. Each one of you will bring your respective
basketful of beans.

'i:'ita see N 'i:ta= containerful of something

'i:'ita[i]ku see N 'i:ta[i]ku= container to gather things in
 499

'i:'ito/ 'oaku

'i:'ito Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'i'ito) [Neutr: def and hort 'i:'ito]: to drink all of obj
ex: Ha-g-o-ho(<ha)'i:'ito g 'evassib. Each one of you finish your respective drinks.

'o-

'o Conj: or
ex: 'i:da 'o hega'i= this or that Mamaint 'o 'otp(<'atp) huhat. They were making mats or
maybe baskets. Pi 'ap o ge:g 'o pi 'ap o mge:g. You will not get a clear margin over
me (beat me well) neither will I over you. Ntp o nnako vo keva hega'i, 'o pi vo nnako
kutp 'ab o 'o(<'e)hai hega'i. If I can I'll stop it, but if I can't it will crack up. Vo ei
matp has o 'i 'i(<'e)ju:kcid, 'o vo'okad 'o da:kad, ha'icu 'o cikpanad. Observe what she will
be doing either lying down, or sitting, or working at something).

'obga N inalien aggreg: enemy

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g t'obga. I saw some of our enemies. ... hab masmakaj o a jiva mat
o mua g 'obga. ... if he comes back after killing an enemy.

'obga Stat: to have an enemy/ enemies

ex: Pi 'i(<'a) ha 'obga. I don't have any enemies.

'obuv s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'o'obuv]: to smell like an Apache (ennemy)

'o Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'o'o; for Distr see 'o:'oa) [Neutr: def 'o:; indef and hort
'o. Correl: 'o-k; immed: 'o-ka-'i. Interr: 'oa-him. Dur: 'oa-d]: to harvest obj
ex: Nt o 'o: g ha'icu 'e'es. I'll harvest my crops. Hek 'ant hu 'o: g 'e'es. I have
already harvested my crops. B(<'ab) 'ant o 'o: g bahidaj. I'll harvest saguaro fruits.
'O 'a g mu:ga. I am harvesting my beans. 'Im 'ant hab o 'i 'oahi. I'll harvest it
(with interruptions). M(<'am) g ab 'i ha'oahid! Keep on harvesting them (going from
saguaro to saguaro)! 'A a hek hu ha'oahim. I have already been harvesting them
(going from saguaro to saguaro). --M(<'am) g ab 'i 'oad! Keep on harvesting it (one
saguaro)! Na:to 'ont(<'ant) g 'e'es 'oka'i. I have finished harvesting my crops.
Heg 'ant 'ab o 'ok heg 'ab 'ep o 'ok... I'll harvest that one (saguaro fruit) and then that
other one ...

'oaku N inalien indiv sg [pl/distr: 'o'oaku]: harvesting spot

ex: 'oaku 'oidc 'oimme. She is on my harvesting spot.
 500

'ogol/ 'oid

'ogol N inalien [lst pers sg -'ogol]: father (term used by a child to address or refer to his
father when the latter belongs to the 'Ogoligam sib)

'Ogoli[ga]m N subst aggreg [distr: 'O'ogoli-[ga]m]: name of a group of people

belonging to a sib located in San Miguel, Pisin Mo'o and Kavulk

'Ogoligam vu Stat Expr: to be a 'Ogoligam

ex: Hegam u 'Ogoligam. They are 'Ogoligam.

'oi see Vtr 'oid= to go with, follow obj

'oi Part: soon, right away, go ahead (giving permission)

ex: 'Oi g cikpan! Get back (you sg) to work immediately! 'Oi g o cikpan! Get back
(you pl) to work immediately! 'Oi g 'i him! Come here at once! 'Oi g 'ab 'i him!
Come back soon! 'Oi g gm hu him! All right go (but come back soon)! 'Oi g, tt o
hihi! Come on (you sg), let's go! 'Oi g o, tt o hihi! Come on (you pl), let's go! 'Oi g
'i! Come on over here (you sg)! 'Oi g o 'i! Come on over here (you pl)! 'Oi g 'am!
Hurry up (you sg)! 'Oi g o 'om(<'am)! Hurry up (you pl)!-- 'Oi g o, tt o cikp! Let's get
back to work! Nt o kia bei g mdadapihunaku?- 'Oi g 'am be:'i . Can I borrow (take)
your iron for a while?- Go ahead and take it. 'Oi vo hi:! Come on! T 'ab 'oi vo 'i hi:,
'tt o 'oi hihi. He'd better come right away, let's go. Kumt 'oi vo 'o(<'e)na:to. You(pl)'d
better get ready in a hurry. Napt pi 'oi vo na:nk ma 'am hu hab kaij? Why don't you
go ahead and match my wager (what I have said)? Pi 'int(<'ant) o 'oi ia si'alim. I will
not wake up early tomorrow. Pi 'oi ko:k. They don't go to sleep early.

'oia Conj: consequently, therefore; but, however, then, consequently, thereupon

ex: Ge 'atp u hemajkam b(<hab) 'oia 'a'aga. She (the Witch) was an unusual person, that
is why she was called that way. Kut 'oia 'am hab a(<va) scuk g jevu-ka:cim. As a
consequence, the whole world was dark. 'Oia 'an si 'i(<'e)'elko g no:vij. As a
consequence the skin of his hand peeled off. Pi 'o 'i hu ha heve 'i:ya'a kc 'oia hab
sto. There is no breeze here, that is why it is hot. --T ab si ge'e 'i:; 'oia 'ege:sid. He
drank too much, consequently he passed out. Nt o cum huha g ka:ga, t 'oia ge ju:. I
was going to haul in my sorghum but (unexpectedly) it rained. 'Oia 'am 'i pi hea'i a 'i
'enako heghekaj matsp sta'e:bidam has ma:s. But nobody could do anything because she (
the Witch) looked so frightening. Ku 'oia pi a 'i hoho'id hega'i ha'o:g. However, their
father did not want it (hearsay). Tp 'oia 'am hab haha 'i kaij g 'I'itoi... Thereupon 'I'itoi
said... 'Oia 'am hab haha va:pagt. Thereupon they made the holes (for the game).
ia k 'oia 'am hab haha 'i 'ep 'eto'i 'ep. Well, thereupon, they bet against each other again.

'oid N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'oid; distr: 'o''oid]: field (same as 'oidag)
ex: M(<'am) 'at hu hi: 'e'oid vui. He went to his field. M(<'am) 'at hu hihi 'e'o'oid vui.
They went to their fields (people from the same village).
 501

'oid/ 'oidag

'oid vu Stat Expr sing [mult: vu 'o'oid]: to be a field, somebody's field

ex: Heam u ha'o'oid hegam 'o'oidag m(<mo) 'an ka:c. Whose fields are those fields that
are there?

'oid Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'o'oid; for Distr see 'o''oid) [Neutr: def 'oi; indef and hort
'oid; concurs: 'oid-c. Correl: 'oid-k; immed: 'oid-ka-'i. Interr: 'oida-him. Dur: 'oida-d]: to
go with, follow obj, to be the next one after obj, to rejoin obj
ex: Napt o 'oi? Do you(sg) want to go with me? Nt o cum 'oi. I'd like to go with him
(but/I can't). Nant pi vo a 'i m'oi? Is it all right if I go with you? Nt o 'oi. I'd like to
go with him. Nt o ho(<ha)'oi. I'll go with them. --Tt o 'oi. We'd like to go with him.
Mamt 'im o 'oi. You(pl) will come with me. 'Am 'ant o 'i 'oi. I'd like to go after him
(be the next one after him). M(<'am) 'ant o 'i m'oi. I'd like to go after you/ be the next
one after you. B(<'ab) g 'i 'oid! Follow me! Pi g 'ab hu 'i 'oid! Don't (you sg)
follow me! Nap 'ab 'oid? Are you(sg) following me? 'Ab 'o 'oid. He is following
me. K gm hu 'i ha'oi g 'evemajim. And he rejoined his companions. Cum hekid 'an
'oidahim. He is always following me around. Cum 'a hekid 'oidahim hega'i. I am
always going with him. Hek hu mo (<vu) 'alikc 'in has 'i 'oidahim, hemu ge'edak
pi 'in(<'an) hu haha 'oidahim. When he was a child he used to follow me around, but
now that he is grown up he does not. 'Ab g 'i 'oi'dahid! Be following me! Pi g 'an
hu 'oidahid! Don't be following me around! Kuptp heg o eidk o 'i 'oidahi! If you see
him, follow him! K 'an a(<va) 'oidahimk 'an hogiad. And after getting to him (a
horse) he saddled him. Kuptp heg o eidk 'an 'i 'oidahimk o ce: 'aptp hems. If you see
it (his track), after following it you will perhaps find him. Mans heba'i s'ap o je:kck
'am o 'i 'oidahimk o 'a'ahe. If I had been able to track him properly, I would have
followed him and caught up with him. Napt 'am o 'oidad? Do you want to be the next
one after me? Pi g 'ab hu 'oidad! Don't be following my example!

'oid in do'idag 'oid VExpr tr: to have a hangover

ex: Do'idag 'o 'oid. I have a hangover (the hangover is following me)

'oidag N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'oidag; distr: 'o''oidag]: field

ex: M(<'am) 'at hu hi: 'e'oidag vui. He went to his field. M(<'am) 'at hu hihi 'e'o'oidag
vui. They went to their fields (people from the same village). 'E'oidag 'e 'o 'oimme.
He is in his field. 'Oidagc'e 'o 'oimme. He is (walking around) in the field.
ha'icu hiosig 'oidag NExpr: flower garden
nala 'oidag NExpr: orange grove
'u:vis 'oidag NExpr inalien [reflex: 'u:vis 'e-'oidag]: vineyard

'oidag vu Stat Expr sing [mult: vu 'o'oidag]: to be a field

ex: Hei(<hea'i) vu 'oidag? Whose field is it' Heg 'o (<vu) 'oidag. It is that
fellow's field. D(<vu) 'o 'oidag. It is my field.
 502

'oidag/ 'oidam

'oidag Stat Unit (for Distr see 'o''oidag) [sing: 'oidag; mult: 'o'oidag]: to have a field
ex: He'ekia 'ap 'i 'o'oidag? How many fields do you(sg) have? Hemako 'o(<'a)
'oidag. I have one field. Hehe'ekia 'am 'i 'o''oidag? How many fields does each one of
you have?

'oidag-cikpan NComp(?): farming, farm work

'oidag-cikpandam NComp(?): farm hand

'oidahim Vtr Interr [def 'oidahi; hort and indef 'oidahim. Correl: 'oidahim-k]: to think
about something
ex: Pi 'int(<'ant) cegto, nt o 'ip 'am 'i 'oidahi. I don't remember, I'll have to think about it.
M(<'am) g 'i oidahim. Think it over. M(<'am) 'a 'oidahim. I am thinking it over.
Nt o 'ip 'am 'i 'oidahimk 'am haha vo m'a:g. First I'll think about it and then I'll tell
you. Pt o mamce, k 'am o 'i cegtohi, k 'am o 'i 'oidahi, t o a(<va) 'i vuha. Study the
problem, think about it, figure out the logic of it and things will make sense.

'oidahim in ha'icu 'oidahim 'ab ha'icu 'amje VExpr Interr: to give some
thought to something
ex: Nt o 'ipk 'am ha'icu 'i 'oidahi 'ab 'amje k haha vo 'em'a:g. I'd like to give it some
thought before I talk to you(pl) about it.

'oidahim in pi ha'icu 'oidahim VExpr Interr: to be careless, not to pay attention to

anything, not to care about anything
ex: Pi 'am hu ha'icu 'oidahim. He doesn't/they don't care about anything/ don't pay
attention to anything.

'oidahim Vreflex Interr [def: 'e-'oidahi; hort and indef: 'e-'oidahim]: to think things over
ex: Nt o 'ip 'am 'i oidahi. I'll have to think it over. 'Apt 'am o 'i 'i(<'e) 'oidahi. Could
you(sg) think it over. 'Am g 'i 'i(<'e) 'oidahim! Think it over! 'Am 'o hi a(<va)
'e'oidahim. He is/they are thinking it over.

'oidam Postp: during, all along (a certain time)

domig 'oidam Postp Expr: all through the week
[ge] cuhug 'oidam Postp Expr: all night long
ex: Heg'oidam cuhug e'edc 'am jejje. All night long they sing and smoke. Cuhug
'oidam 'att cikp. We worked all night long. Pi 'int(<'ant) ha koi ge cuhug 'oidam. I
didn't sleep a wink all night long.
gi'ik cuhug 'oidam Postp Expr: during four nights
maad 'oidam Postp Expr: all through the month
ta 'oidam Postp Expr: all day long
'ahidag 'oidam Postp Expr: all through the year.
 503

'oidam/ 'oidc

'oidam in heg-'oidam / g-'oidam Adv: all along, during that time

ex: ... hekaj matp gi'ik scuhugamaj pi ha ko:k 'ea g'oidam 'ab je: hega'i ko:sidaku
'ovicka. ... because she (the Witch) spent four nights without sleeping, during which time
she smoked the soporific cigarette. ia, tp 'am haha hab 'evuadc g'oidam 'am vo:po'o
matp 'am u 'i gi'ik ta. Well then, what they do all along is to run there every four days.

'oidam s-Stat [Neutr: indef s-'oidam; def s-'oidam-k]: to wait to go with obj

'oidc see Vtr 'oidcug= to track, hunt obj

'oidc Adj sg [pl: 'o'oidc]: back, in the back

'oidc Postp concurs (for correl see 'oidk) [distr: 'o'oidc]: behind, after, along, on, in, obj
ex: 'oidc g him. Walk behind me. Ha'oidc 'o him. He is walking behind them.
'E'oidc 'i ia. Look behind you sg (you are moving or in a moving object such as a car).
'oidc daicug. He is sitting behind me (in a car, or on horseback). Ab 'o g
haku:bag 'ab vu:ahim t'oidc. Their dust is rising behind us (we are going and they are
following us). M g ab a(<va) 'i mead heg'oidc vo:g. Keep on driving along that road.
K hemu heg'oidc 'am hihhim. And now it is the course of the sun (he goes repeatedly
along it). Ha'i g hu vopoa 'oidc o ki:kad. Some will live down in (along) the
valleys. Pi 'i(<'a) hama:c g hemajkam 'in 'id'oidc. I don't know anybody around
here. Kunt pi voho 'an hu ge cuhugc'e haki:ki 'oidc o 'oimmead. I could not possibly
roam around their houses in the dark. (<ku) g'oidc 'an vi'ickvihim. He is floating in it
(the air). 'Am 'oimme town 'oidc. He stays around in town. u:dag 'oidc him. He
is walking in the water. 'Am si 'oidc hab kaij. He repeated right after me. Ha'oidc
hab cecce. He keeps repeating after them. 'E'o'oidc hihim. They are walking one behind
the other. 'E'o'oidc daha. They are sitting one behind the other. 'E'o'oidc
gegokcug. They are standing (in a moving object) one behind the other. 'E'o'oidc cu:c
g ki:k. The houses stand one behind the other.

'oidc Adv: as usual, in the same way, as it should be

ex: Heg ab 'i 'oidc 'ab hihhim haiva. That cow always follows the same path. 'Antp
he'es ha'icu pi 'im(<'am) hu 'oidc hab kaij. I may have deviated in some places.

'oidc in a 'oidc 'i Adv Expr: next to best, second best

ex: Ha'i 'am a 'oidc 'i skegaj. Some are next to the most beautiful ones.

'oidc in vu si ha'oidc Stat Expr: to be the very last one (same as vu si

ha'oidckam)
ex: 'Am u o 'i si ha'oidck. He will be the very last one.
 504

s'oidc-/ 'oidk

'oidc-daiku NComp indiv [sg (loc: 'oidc-daiku-t-'ab); pl: 'o'oidc-daaiku]: back

seat
ex: Ko:cug 'o 'ob(<'ab) 'oidc-daikut'an. He is asleep on the back seat.

'oidc-daikuag Stat Comp sing [mult: 'o'oidc-dadaikuag]: there is a back seat

ex: Ge go:k 'o'oidc-dadaikuag. There are (unexpectedly) two back seats (in that car).

'oidckam N subst [distr: 'o'oidckam]: the one after obj

ex: 'i:da'a ha'oidckam= the last one of them (the one after them) 'idam ha'oidckam=
the last ones Ha-g-hanamkid g ve:pegkam c 'ep g si ha'oidckam! Pay them from first
to the very last! 'Idam t'oidckam 'at cikp hemako 'o:la, kupt 'ea ab 'am 'i tvepog.
Those (who came) after us worked one hour, but you treated us equally.

'oidckam in vu si ha'oidckam Stat Expr: to be the very last one (same as vu si

ha'oidc)
ex: 'Am u o 'i si ha'oidckamk. He will be the very last one. Hegam mo 'am u si
ha'o'oidckam 'ab o 'i hihi. Each one of those who are the last ones (of the lines) will come
up here. Nap 'a:pi 'am u si ha'oidckam? Are you(sg) the last one?

'oidcud Vtr sing [Neutr: def 'oidc]: to make a field for obj
ex: 'I 'ant o hema m'oidc. I'll make you one field here.

'oidcug Vtr [Neutr: def 'oidc; indef and hort 'oidcug. Correl: 'oidcug-k]: to track, go
after, hunt, obj
ex: C 'atp hab masma 'id 'an ha'oidc g ha'icu doakam. And thus she (the Witch) hunted
animals. Heg 'at ves o tvo:po'i g ha'icu hug mac heg 'oidcugc hekaj tgegusid. He will
take away from us all the animals (food) that we hunt in order to feed ourselves. 'App
hems 'a:pi'i vo 'o(<'e)nako mapt o 'i 'oidcugk o ce: g ba'ama. Maybe you will be able to
track and find my grandchild.

'oidk Postp correl (for concurs see 'oidc) [distr: 'o'oidk]: behind, after, along, among obj
ex: M(<'am) g 'i ia'a 'e'oidk. Look behind yourself (sg). ia k 'an dai 'e'oidk. Well, and
he sat him behind himself. Kut hega'i viapoi Jesus 'i hu 'i vi: ha'oidk. The boy Jesus
had stayed behind them. M(<'am) g 'oidk hab ce:'i! Say it after me! 'Ab si hu:p g
vopoj 'o: 'oidk. He/they pulled out his hair along his back. Nap heba'i 'an 'i me
'ana'i si sjuhu'ujulk vo:g 'oidk? Have you ever driven along that winding road?
...matps 'an ve'evec 'an heg'oidk vo:g. ...that might be scattered along that road. K
haha 'i cum ga: 'am hahajuij ha'oidk. And he/they looked in vain for him among his
relatives. T 'am da:m o dahivak ha'icu vo cegtok heg'oidk hab o 'o(<'e)ju:. He will sit
there on top of it and think of something to do next (after that)-- Saaig 'an haki:k
'o'oidk. It is full of trash outside their houses (in various locations)-- ia ge cuhug 'oidk
hab 'eju:. Well, this went on all night long.
 505

'oidk/ 'oimmel[]cud

'oidk in heg'oidk, g'oidk Adv: as usual

ex: Matt heg'oidk 'am o tciccvi 'ama'i. Let's play against each other there, as usual.
Kut hab a(<va) g'oidk hab 'ep o 'o(<'e)ju: 'ep. The same thing as usual will happen again
(hearsay). 'An g'oidk haha hi: hega'i ta. Then the sun followed its normal course.

'oidk in si ha'oidk Adv Expr: the last time

ex: Hekid 'apt 'i si ha'oidk 'ecu'ijig-'a:? When did you(sg) last confess?

'oidkam N subst sg [pl: 'o'oidkam]: field owner

'oidt Vtr sing (for mult see 'o'oidt) [Neutr: def 'oidt]: to make obj into a field
ex: 'I 'ant o hema 'oidt. I'll make a field here.

'oimme Vintr Unit sgs (for pls see 'oiyopo) [Neutr: def 'oimme; indef and hort
'oimme. Correl: 'oimme-k. Compl: 'oimme-ok; immed: 'oimme-oka-'i. Interr:
'oimmel[i]-him. Dur: 'oimmea-d; concurs: 'oimmead-c]: to be/ stay around a place
(animates only)
ex: M(<'am) 'ant o himk 'am o 'oimme. I'd like to go down there and stay there a while.
P he'ekia 'i 'ahid 'i va 'i 'oimme? How many years have you(sg) been here? P he'es 'i
ta 'i va 'i 'oimme? How long have you(sg) been here? Hetasp 'ahid 'a 'i va 'i 'oimme.
I have been here five years. No 'oimme? Is he around? 'In 'a 'i ab 'oimme. I am
just around. G hu hema 'i domig 'a gm hu 'oimmelihim Santa- Rosat'am; 'am
cikpanahim hegve:m. Last Sunday I was in Santa Rosa; I worked with him. Nap 'am
'oimmelihim Jevu Me:k 'am? Have you(sg) been staying in Jevu Me:k? Heu'u, 'am
'a 'oimmelihim. Yes, I have been staying there. Gm hu ab o 'oimmead! Stay away!
Kunt pi voho 'an hu ge cuhugc'e haki:k 'oidc o 'oimmead. I could not possibly be
roaming around their houses in the dark. Tp 'am haha 'am hab 'oimmeadc kegcu
hega'i cu:kug. Then, while he was there he cleaned that meat. 'Amje 'am cum
'oimmek pi a 'i heba'i je:kc. From there on, although he was there, nowhere were his
tracks found.

oimmeaku N inalien: a favorite hangout of a person or an animal (same as

'oimmelku)

'oimmecud see 'oimmel[]cud

'oimmedam vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu 'oiyopodam]: to have the habit of staying in
a certain place
ex: 'Am 'o gvui vu 'oimmedam 'i:da'a kavyu. This horse is used to being there.

'oimmel[]cud/'oimmecud Vtr sgo (for plo see 'oiyopoicud) [Neutr: def

'oimmelc; hort 'oimmelcud. Interr: 'oimmelcuda-him]: to walk obj
 506

'oimmel[]cud/ 'oiyopo
ex: Nt o a 'i 'oimmelc. I'll walk him (the horse) for a while. Tp 'ab a(<va)
'oimmelcudahimc 'ab 'i miabidk 'ab va:k g a:kim. As he was walking him (the horse), he
approached him and put the hackamore on. Nap 'am o 'i 'oimmelc g gogs? Are you
going to walk the dog? Gam g hu 'i 'oimmecud/'oimmelcud g gogs! Walk the dog!
Nap 'am 'i 'oimmelcudahim g gogs? Have you been walking the dog?

'oimmelku N inalien: a favorite hangout of a person or an animal (same as

'oimmeaku)

'oipa N aggreg: name of the fruits of one variety of the prickley pear cactus

'oipidcud Vtr mult (for sing see 'ovidcud) [Neutr: def 'oipidc; hort 'oipidcud]: to
make awls for obj

'oipidt Vtr mult (for sing see 'ovidt): to make awls out of obj
ex: Nt o ha'i ha'oipidt. I'll make a few awls.-- Heg 'o 'oipidt. She knows how to make
awls.

'oipij see N 'ovij= awl

'oipij see Stat 'ovij= to have an awl
'oipij see Stat Expr vu 'ovij= to be an awl

'oivicud s- Vtr: to hurry obj (same as s-'oivigid)

ex: cum si s'oivicudc tacua= wishing in vain to hurry it (the fermentation of the saguaro
wine)

'oivigid Vtr [Neutr: def 'oivig; indef and hort 'oivigid]: to make obj hurry
ex: 'I 'oivigid. He is hurrying me. B(<'ab) g 'i ha'oivigid! Make them hurry!

'oivigid Vreflex [Neutr: 'oivig; indef and hort 'oivigid]: to hurry

ex: Nt o a(<va) 'i 'oivig. I'll hurry. B(<'ab) g 'i 'i(<'e)'oivigid! Hurry back!

'oivigid s- Vtr: to hurry obj (same as s-'oivicud)

ex: Ku gvui 'am mu:gi'ak 'am da s'oivigidk tacu. Having crouched in front of it, I sit
there wishing to hurry it (the fermentation of the saguaro wine).

'oiyopo Vintr pls (for sgs see 'oimme) [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'oiyopo. Correl:
'oiyopo-k/'oiyopi-k. Interr: 'oiyopo-him/ 'oiyopi-him. Dur: 'oiyopo-d]: to be/ stay around a
place (animates only)
ex: M(<'am) 'att o hihimk 'am o 'oiyopo. We'll go down there and stay (there) awhile.
a:cu 'um(<'am) has 'evuadc 'i a 'oiyopo? What are you doing here? Hiopc 'ab
 507

'oiyopo/ 'oksga
'oiyopohim. The termites stayed on it (the greasewood bush). Hebi(<heba'i) o
'oiyopodc o ciccvid g 'a'al, t o jiva. Wherever there are children playing, she comes
(hearsay). ia, t 'ab si 'oiyopok 'ab 'i hu: hega'i egai. Well, they stayed on that
greasewood bush and ate it. M he'es 'i ta 'i a 'i 'oiyopo? How long have you been
here? 'Oiyopohidc 'i 'ep hihhimc gm hu 'oiyopohidc 'i 'ep hihhim. They stay down
there and come back here and stay down there and come back here again.

'oiyopodam see Stat Expr vu 'oimmedam: to have the habit of staying in a

certain place

'oiyopoicud Vtr plo (for sgo see 'oimmelcud) [Neutr: def 'oiyopoic; hort
'oiyopoicud]: to walk obj
ex: Nt o a 'i ha'oiyopoic. I'll walk them for a while.

'okmait Vintr sgs (for pls see 'o'okimait): to become a middle-aged woman
ex: Ntk a(<va) ha'ap a 'i 'okmait. I am middle-aged (evidential).

'okokoi N alien indiv [pl: 'o'okokoi]: white-winged dove

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'o'okokoi. I saw some white-winged doves.

'oks N indiv [pl: 'o'oks/ 'o'ok; distr: 'o''oks/ 'o''ok]: old woman.

'oks alien indiv [sg (lst pers sg -'oks= ga); pl: 'o'oks; distr: 'o''oks]: wife
ex: B o 'i ha'u:'uk g 'e'o''oksga. Each one of you will bring his wife.

'oks N: one of the vopda tubes (see vopdaiku)

'oks vu Stat Expr sgs [pl: vu 'o'ok]: to be an old woman

ex: Hebi (<heba'i) u 'ep 'al 'oksc 'an o 'i vu:. Another time she will come out as an
oldish woman.
ba:b 'oks NExpr inalien: mother's father's elder brother

'oks-cucul NComp alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: -'oks-cucul=ga); pl: 'o'okcucul]: old
hen, mature hen

'okscud Vtr [Neutr: def 'oksc; hort 'okscud]: to make obj into an old woman
ex: T o m'oksc. It will make you(sg) old. Pi g 'am 'okscud. Don't make me into an old
woman.

'oksga Stat sgs [pls: 'o'oksga/ 'o'okiga]: to have a wife

ex: Nap ge 'oksga? Do you have a wife? Nam ge 'o'okiga? Do you(pl) have wives?
 508

'oksga/ 'olata

'oksga vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu 'o'oksga/ 'o'okiga]: to be somebody's wife

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) 'oksgaj. She (that one) is his wife. No (<vu) m'oksga? Is she
your wife? Hegam 'o (<vu) ha'o'okiga. They are their wives.

'oks-gogs NComp: mature bitch

'oksi N indiv sg [pl: 'o'oksi]: term used by a person to refer to or address his father's
older sister (also called either ma:m 'oks, 'apk 'oks, or 'apap 'oks) or his mother's older
sister (also called da:d 'oks)

'okst Vintr sgs (for pls see 'o'okt): to become an old woman
ex: 'Okst 'at k 'i gega. She is old and falls down all the time. Ptk o 'om(<'am) a(<va)
'okst. You(sg) will become old (evidential). Heu'u, m(<'am) 'ant a(<va) 'okst. Yes, I
am old. 'Okstahim 'apk. You(sg) are getting old (evidential).

'okstaag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of a certain kind of mushrooms ('okstaku) in

one location

'okstaku N aggreg [distr: 'o'okstaku]: a mushroom (it is supposed to make any

woman who looks at it grow old)
ex: Hai 'a haeid g 'okstaku. I saw some 'okstaku mushrooms.

'ola N alien indiv [pl: 'o'ola; distr: 'o''ola]: pair of wooden balls (tied together, used in
the tokaa game)

'olas N indiv [pl: 'o'olas]: ball, sphere

bid-'olas NComp (?): a ball of clay
cu:kug-cuhivi-'olas NComp (?): meat ball

'olas Stat sgs [pls: 'o'olas]: to be a sphere, spherical, round

ex: Jevu 'o ge 'olas. The earth is a sphere. Bo:l 'o ge 'olas. The basketball is round.

'olas-mo'okam subst NComp (?) [pl: 'o'olas-mo:mim]: one with short a crew cut

'Olas-Vo'okam NComp: a nickname (one with a round belly)

'olas-'o'odham NComp (?): a short and fat person

'olat Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'o''olat) sing (for mult see 'o'olat): to roll obj into a ball
ex: Hema 'olat g bid. He rolled up the clay into a ball.

'olata N: act of rolling something into a ball

 509

'olata/ 'olap

'olata N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'olata]: ball in the process of being rolled
bid 'olata NExpr [1st pers sg bid 'olata]: clay ball
cu:kug 'olata NExpr: meat ball
ex: Ha'i 'i ma:k g cu:kug 'o'olata! Give me a few meat balls (that you are making)!

'olatacud Vdtr sing (for mult see 'o'olatacud) [Neutr: def 'olatc; hort 'olatacud]: to
roll obj into a ball for somebody
ex: M g hema 'olatacud! Roll it into one ball for me!

'olatk vu VExpr tr sgo (plo: 'o'olatk vu:pu]: to hogtie obj

ex: M g 'olatk vu! Hogtie it! M g 'o'olatk havu:pu! Hogtie them!

olg:ya (Span: horquilla) N alien/ inalien indiv [pl: 'o'olggiya; distr: 'o'olgggiya]: fork;
pitchfork (same as 'uskonaku)

'olha[i]n N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'olha[i]n; distr: 'o''olha[i]n]: bread oven; threshing floor

'olh[a]in Vtr [Neutr: def 'olh[a]i]: to hook obj

ex: 'I 'ant hu 'olhai/'olhi. I'll hook it down.

'olhun N indiv [pl: 'o'olhun]: unbranded cow or horse

'oln:ya (Span: hornilla) N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'olnniya; distr: 'o'olnnniya]: fireplace
(used for cooking)

'ol see Vtr 'olp= to hook obj

'olp Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'olap) sgo or sing (for plo or mult see 'o'olp) [Neutr:
def 'ol; hort 'olp[]]: to hook obj (with one hook)
ex: Nt o 'ol g a'i-vulim. I'll hook the bale of hay.

'olpaku N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'olpaku; distr: 'o''olpaku]: hay hook; hooks and
eyes

'olpi'o see Vtr 'olpi'ok= to unhook obj

'olpi'ok Vtr sgo or sing (for plo or mult see 'o'olpi'ok) [Neutr: def 'olpi'o; hort
'olpi'ok]: to unhook obj (one hook)

'olap Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'olp) sgo or sing (for pl or mult see 'o'olap) [Neutr:
indef 'olap. Dur: 'olapa-d]: to hook obj repeatedly (one hook)
 510

'olap/ 'onk
ex: M(<'am) 'a cum 'olap. I am trying (in vain) to hook (only one hook) my dress
(me) Hema 'ab o ho(<ha)'olapad 'am he'es 'i, t 'ab haha hema 'ap(<'ep) o 'em'a'ahe. Be
taking turns in hooking them.

'omina N: medicine sticks

'on N alien mass (3rd pers sg: 'on=ga-j; instr 'on-kaj); distr: 'o'on]: salt
ex: M(<'am) g ha vua g 'on cu:kugt'ab! Put some salt on the meat! B(<'ab) o 'i
habe:bhe g 'e'o'onga! Each of you bring some of your salt!

'onag Stat impers Unit (for Distr see 'o'onag): there is salt in one location
ex: Nt o hi: gvui mo 'om(<'am) 'onag. I'll go where there is salt.

'onag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o'onag): to be full of salt in one location

'onam see Vintr 'oname: to go after salt

'on[a]me Vintr Unit (for Repet see 'onamme) sgs (for pls see 'onop) [Neutr: def
'onam; hort 'on[a]me]: to go after salt
ex: Nt o 'onam. I'll go after salt.

'onamme Vintr Repet (for Unit see 'oname) sgs [Neutr: indef 'onamme]: to go
after salt repeatedly

'on-cekku NComp(?) indiv sg [pl: 'on-ceckku]: salt container

'onga Stat sgs [pls: 'o'onga]: to have salt

'ongam N subst [distr: 'o'ongam]: one with salt

'ongamag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of salt in one location

'onk N aggreg [distr: 'o'onk]: a bush (salt weed?)

ex: Ha'i 'an haeid g 'onk. I saw some salt bushes in one location.
cuck-'onk NComp aggreg: a salt bush (Suaeda arborescens) (black salt bushes)
to:ta-'onk NComp aggreg: a salt bush (Atriple nuttalli:?) (white salt bushes)

'onk s- Adj sg [pl: 'o'onk]: salty

ex: Sna:k 'a g s'onk hido. I like salty food.

'onk s- N subst: something salty

ex: Nap sna:k g s'onk? Do you like salty food?
 511

'onk/ 'opon-

'onk s- Stat sgs [pls: 'o'onk]: to be salty

ex: S'onk g u:dag. The water is salty. 'I:da'a mu:-hido 'o a 'i s'onk. This dish of
beans is too salty. Pi 'o 'onk. It is not salty.

'onka Vintr [Neutr: def 'onka. Interr: 'onka-him]: to become salty

ex: 'Onka 'at g u:dag. The water is salty (has become salty). a 'a(<'o) va 'i 'onkahim
g u:dag. The water is getting rather salty.

'onkag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o'onkag): to be full of salt weed bushes in
one location

'onmad Vtr sgo (for plo see 'o'onmad) [Neutr: def, indef and hort 'onmad; imper sgs:
'onmada-, pls: 'onmad-o]: to put salt in obj
ex: Nt o 'onmad g mu:-hido. I'll put salt in the bean stew. Cum hekid 'ap si 'onmad g
'ehido. You(sg) always put too much salt in your cooking. M(<'am) g 'onmad g
'eva:ga! Put salt in your dough! 'Am g 'ep 'onmad! Put more salt in it!

'onmag[] s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef s-'onmag; def s-'onmag=k. Interr: s-'onmag=ka-
him); pls: s-'o'onmag[]]: to be salt-colored
ex: Hegam hamo:m 'o s'o'onmag. Their hair is salt-colored.

'onmag s- Adj sg [pls: s-'o'onmag]: salt-colored

ex: s'onmag mo'o= salt-colored hair s'onmag jevu= salt-colored soil

'onop Vintr Unit (for Distr see 'o'onop) pls (for sgs see 'on[a]me) [Neutr: def 'ono;
indef 'onop]: to go after salt
ex: Tt o 'ono. We'll go after salt (a group of people from the same village).

'onpig Vtr [Neutr: def 'onp; hort 'onpig]: to take salt off obj
ex: M g 'i 'onpig! Take the salt off it!

'opojk Adj: humped, hunched

'opojk 'o:kam NExpr(?): a hunchback (one with a hump on his back)

'opon N aggreg [distr: 'o'opon]: wild spinach

'oponag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o'oponag): to be full of wild spinach in
one location

'opon-'u'ame VComp Unit sgs: to go after wild spinach

 512

'osal/ 'ovickid

'osal (Span: rosario) N alien, inalien indiv [pl: 'o'osal; distr: 'o''osal]: rosary

'oko see Vtr 'okon: to remove the scab (from a sore)

'okon Vtr sgo (for plo see 'o'okon) [Neutr: def oko; hort okon]: to remove the
scab (from a sore)
ex: 'Oko 'ont(<'ant) g hivdag. I removed the scab from my sore. Pi g 'am okon g
'ehivdag! Don't remove the scab from your sore!

'otkol N indiv [pl: 'o'otkol; distr: 'o''otkol]: zebra-tailed lizard

'ovgam N aggreg [distr: 'o'ovgam]: a bush (similar to desert broom)

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'ovgam. I saw some 'ovgam bushes.

'ovgamag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o'ovgamag): to be full of 'ovgam
bushes in one location

'ovi N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'ovi]: opponent (term formerly used to refer to a gift partner,
now used to refer to opponent teams in games)

'ovi Stat intr sing [mult: 'o'ovi]: to have an opponent

'ovicid Vdtr sing (for mult see 'o'ovicid) [Neutr: def and hort 'ovicid. Correl: 'ovicid-
k]: to roll obj into a cigarette for somebody (same as 'ovickid)
ex: Mamt 'am ab hema vo ha'ovicidk 'an o himc. You(pl) will just roll a cigarette with it
for them and pass it around.

'ovick Vtr sing (for mult see 'o'ovick) [Neutr: def 'ovic; hort 'ovick; indef 'ovick;
imper sgs: 'ovicka-. Correl: 'ovic-k. Interr: 'ovicka-him. Dur: 'ovicka-d]: to roll obj into a
cigarette
ex: Matt 'am o 'ovic ha'icu (<ku) hab u ko:sku. We will roll into a cigarette
something that is called ko:sku. Hegve:nadk 'ovick g viv. Together with that they
roll tobacco into a cigarette. 'Am haha hema 'ovick 'ab mehidk 'ab ma:. After rolling it
into a cigarette, and after lighting it, he gave it to him.

'ovicka N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'ovicka; distr: 'o'ovopcka]: ceremonial cigarette

ex: Tp 'ea 'in a(<va) 'ep 'u:'ukc g hejel 'e'o'ovopcka c 'ab je:. Meanwhile again each one
of them was holding his own cigarette and smoking it.

'ovickid Vdtr sing (for mult see 'o'ovickid) [Neutr: def 'ovick; hort 'ovickid]: to roll
obj into a cigarette for somebody (same as 'ovicid)
 513

'ovickid/ 'o'ocvigag
ex: M(<'am) 'ant o a(<va) hema m'ovick. I'll roll you a cigarette with it. M(<'am) g
hema 'ovickid! Roll me a cigarette with it!

'ovick see Vdtr 'ovickid= to roll obj into a cigarette for somebody

'ovick[]-to:n NComp: ceremonial cigarette (same as 'uack[]-to:n)

'ovicud Vtr [Neutr: def 'ovic]: to become the opponent of obj

'ovidcud Vtr sing (for mult see 'oipidcud) [Neutr: def 'ovidc; hort 'ovidcud]: to make
an awl for obj

'ovidt Vtr sing (for mult see 'oipidt): to make an awl out of obj
ex: Napt o 'ovidt? Are you making an awl? Nt o hema 'ovidt. I'll make an awl.

'ovij N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: 'oviji-j); pl: 'o'ovij/'oipij; distr: 'o''ovij]: awl

'ovij Stat sing [mult: 'o'ovij/'oipij]: to have an awl

ex: Nap ge 'ovij? Do you(sg) have an awl? Nap ha'i 'o'ovij? Do you(sg) have a few
awls?

'ovij vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu 'o'ovij/ 'oipij]: to be an awl

ex: Hegam u ha'o'ovij. Those are their awls.

'ovit Vintr: to become an opponent

'o'o see N 'o: = back

'o'o see Vintr 'o'ot= to drip, leak

'O'obab N aggreg: Maricopa Indians

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'O'obab. I saw some Maricopas.

'O'obabag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o'obbabag): to be full of Maricopas
in one location

'O'obbabag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'O'obabag): to be full of Maricopas
in various locations

'o'ocvig see N 'o:cvig= a kind of worm

'o'ocvigag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of worms in various locations

 514

'O'odham/ 'o'odhamag

'O'odham N aggreg [distr: 'O''odham]: the People ('O'odham Indians)

'o'odham N alien aggreg [(1st pers -'o'odham=ga); distr: 'o''odham]: people, person(s),
adult man
ex: 'Am hema 'ep 'a:'ad g 'o'odham 'ep. They sent another man. 'At heg 'am a(<va) 'ep
'a:'ad 'ep hegam 'o'odham. The people sent him again (hearsay). 'O'odham 'ena:to. He
is (has become) an adult man.
da:m-ka:cim-'o'odham NComp aggreg alien [3rd pers sg da:m-ka:cim-
'o'odham=ga-j]: angels
ex: da:m-ka:cim-'o'odhamgaj g Jio= Angels of God.
gavul ma:s 'o'odham NExpr: nation, group of different people
ex: go:k gavul ma:s 'o'odham= two nations
gogs-'o'odham NComp: monkey (dog man)
Ha:a Ke:k 'am 'o'odham NExpr: the people down at Sacaton Flats
Huhugam-'O'odham NComp: the Vanishing People (mythological people)
Jevho-'O'odham NComp: Gopher-Man (mythological being)
Pi:ma-'O'odham NComp: Pima people, Pima man
Tohono-'O'odham NComp: the Desert People
'U'uvhig-'O'odham N Comp [distr: 'U'uvhig-'O''odham]: Bird People (mythological
beings)
ex: 'Oia hegam ha'i 'U'uvhig-'O''odham pi 'i nako g navait. But some of those Bird-
Men (coming from different places) had not been able to stand the wine.
Vu:im-'O'odham NComp aggreg: the Emergents (a group of mythological people)

'o'odham vu Stat Expr Unit (for Distr see vu 'o''odham) [Neutr: indef vu
'o'odham; concurs vu 'o'odham-c; def vu 'o'odham-k]: to be a person, an adult man
ex: Heg 'o s'ap u 'o'odham. He is a good man. Hegam 'o s'ap u 'o'odham. They are
good people. Map 'a:pi'i hab masma 'an himhimc u ge ha'icu sma:cim 'o'odhamc 'app
hems 'a:pi'i vo 'o(<'e)nako mapt o ce: g ba'ama. You, since you have travelled and are
an unusually learned man, perhaps you will be able to find my grandchild.
vab ge 'o'odham vu Stat Expr Unit (for Distr see vu vab ge 'o''odham): to be a
stranger
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) ab ge 'o'odham. He is just a stranger.

'o'odham s- Adv: of man, of human being

ex: S'o'odham 'u:v. It smells of man.

'o'odhamag Stat impers Unit (for Distr see o''odhamag): there is a village, there are
people in one location
ex: Pi 'o 'om(<'am) hu ha 'o'odhamag. There are no people there. C 'in 'o'odhamag ha'i.
And some people were living there. Ku 'im hu 'i hugk 'am 'o'odhamag ma gm hu ab
me:k 'am ki:. He lived far away from the outskirts of the village (hearsay). Ta'i
'o'odhamag. There are people upstream.
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'o'odhamag/ 'o'oga

'o'odhamag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o''odhamag): to be full of people in
one location

'O'odhamaj iok VExpr: to speak in 'O'odham

ex: Koi s'ap iok 'o'odhamaj. He does not speak good 'O'odham yet.

'o'odhamcud Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'o''odhamcud) [Neutr: def 'e-'o'odhamc]:
to become an adult man
ex: Hemu 'ut(<'at) 'e'o'odhamc. Now he is an adult man.

'o'odhamga vu Stat Expr: to be somebody's people

ex: Hegam u 'o'odhamga. They are my people.

'O'odham haJevuga NFpr [distr: 'O'odham ha-Jejevuga]: 'O'odham country,

district

'O'odham-Jevu NComp: 'O'odham country

'O'odham-iok VComp sgs: to speak 'O'odham

ex: Koi s'ap 'o'odham-iok hega'i. That child does not speak 'O'odham yet.

'O'odham-i'ok NComp: the 'O'odham language

'o'o N alien aggreg [(3rd pers sg: 'o'o=ga-j; loc: 'o'o-c-'e[a]); distr: 'o''o]: gravel,
coarse sand
ex: Pi 'o a 'i mu'ij g 'o'o. There is not enough gravel. Ha'i mo:mto'id g 'o'o! Get me
a few loads of gravel! M(<'am) 'at ha'i ul g 'o'o bi: 'e. Some gravel fell in my
food.

'o'o Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'o; for Distr see 'o:'oa): to harvest obj repeatedly
ex: P hekid 'i 'o'o g 'ehu:ga? When do you(sg) harvest your corn?

'o'oag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o''oag): to be full of gravel, coarse sand
in one location
ex: S'o'oag 'o 'om(<'am) 'akc'e. It is full of gravel in the wash. S'o'oag 'o g pilka.
The wheat is full of gravel.

'o'oaku see N 'oaku= harvesting spot

'o'oga Stat: to have gravel, coarse sand

 516

'o'oga/ 'o'ohod

'o'oga s- Stat: to have a lot of gravel, coarse sand

ex: Nap 'am a(<va) s'o'oga? Do you(sg) have enough gravel?

'o'ogam N subst: a place with gravel

'o'ogi Vintr: to become crystallized (about syrup or honey when it hardens)

ex: 'O'ogi 'atk g sitol. The syrup has crystallized (evidential).

'o'okam N subst: place with gravel

'o'omad Vtr: to get obj full of gravel, coarse sand

ex: 'O'omad 'ant. I got it full of gravel (by dropping it). -- Ha-'ant-ha'o'omad. I got them
full of gravel.

'o'omad Vreflex: to get full of gravel, coarse sand

ex: 'E-'et(<'at)-'e'o'omad. It got full of gravel.

'o'omag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'o''omag]: to be gravel-like

'o'opig Vtr [Neutr: 'o'op; hort 'o'opig] : to take gravel off obj

'o'op see Vtr 'o'opig= to take gravel off obj

'o'og see N 'o:g= father; father elder brother
'o'ogba see N 'o:gba= deceased father; deceased father elder brother
'o'ogig see Stat 'o:gig= to be left handed
'o'ogji see Adv s-'o:gji= left
'o'ogji see Postp s-'o:gji= left of obj

'o'ohia N mass [distr: 'o''ohia]: sand in a wash

ex: 'O'ohia b(<hab) 'ac 'a'aga g 'ak mas o smoikad. Sand we call (the soil of a) wash that
is soft. Ha gei g 'o'ohia bi: 'e. Some sand fell in my food.

'o'ohiag s- Stat impers Unit for Distr see s-'o''ohiag): to be full of sand in one place

'o'oho see Vtr 'o'ohon= to write something down; to paint, photograph, obj

'o'oho in 'e'O'oho: a nickname (he painted himself)

'o'ohod s- Vtr pls (for sgs see s-'o:hod) [Neutr: def and indef s-'o'ohod]: to get tired of
obj
 517

'o'ohodacud/ 'o'ohon

'o'ohodacud s- Vtr pls (for sgs see s-'o:hodacud) [Neutr: def s-'o'ohodac; indef s-
'o'ohodacud]: to tire/ bore obj
ex: Hegam 'o s'o'ohodacud. They tire/ bore me.

'o'ohoag (dial: 'o'ohaag) N inalien aggreg [(3rd pers sg: 'o'oho[a]ga-j); distr:
'o''ohoag]: design; sign
sjuhu'ujul 'o'ohoag NExpr (?): a basket design (zigzagging design)
sto'otbid 'o'ohoag NExpr (?): a basket design (step-like design)
e'eel 'o'ohoag NExpr (?):a basket design (straight design)

'o'ohoag (dial: 'o'ohaag) Stat: to be (a) design(s); there is a sign, a design

ex: Ha'i 'o skeg 'o'ohoag. Some are beautiful designs.-- K haha ce: ma 'an ge 'o'ohoag
heg'ab hega'i ki:. And he noticed that there was a sign on that house (unexpectedly). No
'on(<'an) 'o'ohoag ki:t'aba'i? Is there a sign on the house? Pi 'o 'on(<'an) hu 'o'ohoag.
There is no sign (on it).
huju 'o'ohoag Stat Expr: to be a lizard design
ex: Huju 'o 'ob(<'ab) 'o'ohoag. It is a lizard design

'o'ohoag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o''ohoag): to be full of designs in one
location

'o'ohon (dial: 'o'ohan) N aggreg inalien [(3rd pers sg: 'o'ohona-j; loc: 'o'ohon-c-'e);
distr: 'o''ohon]: book; letter/ mail
ex: 'an 'o'ohonc'e[a]= in the book --He'ekia 'apt 'i 'o'ohon hanolot? How many books did
you(sg) buy? Ha'i 'ant ha'ui g 'o'ohon. I got some letters.

'o'ohon in Jio-'O'ohon NComp aggreg: Bible (God's Book; also called 'o'ohon)

'o'ohon (dial: 'o'ohan) Vtr [Neutr: def 'o'oho; indef 'o'ohon. Interr: 'o'ohona-him]: to
make/ paint a design on obj
ex: Si na:nko masma 'ab 'o'oho 'ab vuhio hega'i 'uv. He painted all kinds of designs on
the face of that woman. Ba:ban hago:k 'ant 'ab o 'o'oho. I'll make a Coyote's tracks
design (on a basket). Hega'i 'uv 'o'ohonahim g ba:ban hago:k 'ehua 'ab. That woman is
making a Coyote's tracks design on her basket. Ba:ban hago:k 'a 'ab cum 'o'ohonahim.
I used to make Coyote's tracks designs (on baskets). Nt o sikolim 'o'oho. I'll draw a
circle (on it).

'o'ohon (dial: 'o'ohan) Vtr Unit (for Repet and for Distr see 'o''ohon) [Neutr: def
'o'oho; indef and hort 'o'ohon. Compl: 'o'ohon-ok; immed: 'o'ohon-oka-'i. Dur: 'o'ohona-
d.]: to write obj down
ex: N(<'an) g 'o'ohon! Write it down! M(<'am) g ab 'i 'o'ohonad. Keep on writing. Nt o
'ip 'an 'o'ohonok. Let me write it down first. Cum hekid 'o'ohon. He writes all the time.
 518

'o'ohon/ 'o'ohoid

'o'ohon (dial: 'o'ohan) Vtr [Neutr: def 'o'oho]: to take a picture of obj
ex: Nt o m'o'oho. I'll take your picture.

'o'ohon (dial: 'o'ohan) Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'o'oho]: to paint oneself

ex: K 'ab 'e'o'oho hab masma mo 'on(<'an) hab cu'ig. And he had painted himself the way
it is usually done.

'o'ohon Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'o'oho; indef 'e-'o'ohon]: to get written down
ex: An 'e'o'ohon gn hu veco. There are subtitles (it gets written below)

'o'ohona (dial: 'o'ohana, 'o'oho) N inalien aggreg [distr: 'o'ohona]: writing, written
word(s)
ex: 'Ua 'at g 'o'ohona. He erased the writing. --Nt o ha'i 'i ha'u'a g 'o'ohona. I will erase
some of my writing (written words).

'o'ohonaku N inalien aggreg [distr: 'o'ohonaku]: pen, pencil (instrument to write

with)
ex: Nt o ha'i hanolat g 'o'ohonaku. I'll buy some pens/ pencils from somebody.

'o'ohonaku in 'e-dadagpadam-'o'ohonaku NComp(?): typewriter (writing

instrument being pressed down with the fingers)

'o'ohonas (dial: 'o'ohanas) Stat [Neutr: indef 'o'ohonas; def 'o'ohonas=k. Dur:
'o'ohonas=ka-d. Interr: 'o'ohonas-him]: to be written
ex: ... mo hob(<hab) masma 'an 'o'ohonas 'an 'O'ohonc'e. ... as it is written in the Bible.

'o'ohonask N subst: writing on the floor (where it is written)

ex: Pi g 'an hu 'ekeip m(<mo) 'an 'o'ohonask da:m. Don't step on the writing (on top of
where it is written).

'o'ohon-to'aku NComp(?): bookcase

'o'oho see Vtr 'o'ohoid= to write a letter to obj

'o'ohoid (dial: 'o'ohaid) Vtr Unit (for Repet and Distr see 'o''ohoid) [Neutr: def
'o'oho; indef and hort 'o'ohoid]: to write a letter to obj
ex: Nt o 'i ha'o'oho. I'll write to someone. Nt o hema 'i 'o'oho. I'll write a letter to him.
Nt o ha'i 'i ha'o'oho. I'll write a few letters to someone. B(<'ab) g hema 'i 'o'ohoid.
Write me a letter. (<'a) hema 'o'ohaid g nje'e. I write a letter to my mother.
 519

'o'oi/ 'o'okokoi

'o'oi s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'o''oi]: to be decorated, to have designs, prints

ex: 'ipu 'o s'o'oi. My skirt has designs. 'ipu c nsa:go 'o ge s'o''oi. My skirt and my
blouse have designs (unexpectedly). Nt o ho(<ha) bei g lo:ba t o s'o'oik, vo hema
'ipuc. I'll get some material with prints to make me a skirt.

'o'oid see N 'oid= field

'o'oid Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'oid; for Distr see 'o''oid): to go with, follow, rejoin obj
repeatedly
ex: hekid hasko hihhim cum hekid 'o'oid. When I go somewhere he always follows
me.

'o'oidag see N 'oidag= field

'o'oidc see Postp 'oidc= behind, after, along
'o'oidckam see N subst 'oidckam= the one after
'o'oidckam see Stat Expr vu si ha'oidckam= to be the last one(s)
'o'oidk see Postp 'oidk= behind, after, along, among

'o'oido Vtr pls: to go hunting certain animals (such as pack rats, jack rabbits)
ex: Tt o 'o'oido. We'll go hunting (pack rats or jack rabbits).

'o'oidt Vtr mult (for sing see 'oidt) [Neutr: def 'o'oidt]: to make obj into fields
ex: Hemu 'utk(<'atk) 'i a 'o'oidt. Now he has/they have made fields here.

'o'okam see N subst 'o:kam= with a back

'o'okiga see Stat 'oksga= to have a wife
'o'okiga see Stat Expr vu 'oksga= to be somebody's wife

'o'okimait Vintr pls (for sgs see 'okmait): to become middle-aged women

'o'ok see N 'oks= old woman; wife

'o'ok-hato:ton NComp aggreg [distr: 'o'ok-hatotton]: a variety of cantaloupe (old

women their knees)

'o'okt Vintr pls (for sg see 'okst): to become old women

'o'ok-'i:bhai NComp aggreg: name of the fruits of one variety of prickly pear cactus
(old woman's 'i:bhai)

'o'okokoi see N 'okokoi= white-winged dove

 520

'o'okokoig/ 'o'olopgaj

'o'okokoig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o''okokoig): to be full of white-
winged doves in one location

'o'oks see N 'oks= old woman; wife

'o'oksig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o''okig): to be full of old women in one
location

'o'okstaku see N 'okstaku= name of a mushroom

'o'ola see N 'ola= the pair of wooden balls used in the tokaa game
'o'ola see N 'o:la= gold
'o'ola see N 'o:la= hour

'o'olag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of gold in several locations

'o'olas-pilka NComp aggreg: Pima wheat

'o'olat Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'o''olat) mult (for sing see 'olat): to roll up obj into
balls
ex: Heg 'at g bid vaik ha'o'olat. He rolled up the clay into three balls. 'Am haha 'i
ha'o'olat ve:nadk hega'i matai c g jevu. Then he rolled the ashes mixed with clay into
balls. M(<'am) o ho(<ha) va: g cu'i k vaik o ho(<ha)'o'olat! Mix some dough and roll up
three buns! Ha'i ha'o'olat g cu:kug-cuhivi. He rolled up a few meat balls.

'o'olatacud Vdtr mult (for sing see 'olatacud) [Neutr: def 'o'olatac; hort 'o'olatacud]:
to roll obj into balls for somebody
ex: M g ha'i 'o'olatacud! Roll it into several balls for me!

'o'olggiya see N 'olg:ya= fork; pitchfork

'o'olgggiya see N 'olg:ya= fork; pitchfork
'o'olhain see N 'olhain= bread oven; threshing floor
'o'olhun see N 'olhun= unbranded cow or horse
'o'olnniya see N 'oln:ya= fireplace used for cooking
'o'olnnniya see N 'oln:ya= fireplace used for cooking

'o'olopa/ 'o'olop N inalien: kidneys of a person (same as 'o'olopig)

'o'olopgag in ha'icu 'o'olopgag NExpr: kidneys of an animal

haiva-'o'olopgag NComp: beef kidneys
 521

'o'olopgaj/ 'o'olopig

'o'olopgaj N inalien: kidneys of a specific animal (its kidneys)

'o'olopig N inalien [lst pers sg: -'o'olopig]: kidneys of a person (same as 'o'olopa/
'o'olop)

'o'olp Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'o'olap) plo or mult (for sgs or sing see 'olp)
[Neutr: def 'o'ol; hort 'o'olp[]]: to hook obj (several hooks)
ex: B(<'ab) 'at o ho(<ha)'o'ol g kakavyu 'ab kalittab. He is going to hook the horses to
the wagon. Ku:gam 'i kekkiva, m(<'am) 'ant a(<va) vo m'o'ol. Turn around, I'll hook
your dress (you) M(<'am) g 'i 'o'olp! Could you hook my dress (me)! M(<'am)
'a cum 'o'olp. I am trying (in vain) to hook my dress (me).

'o'olpaku see N 'olpaku= hay hook; hooks and eyes

'o'olpi'ok Vtr plo/ mult (for sgo/ sing see 'olpi'ok) [Neutr: def 'o'olpi'o; indef and
hort 'o'olpi'ok]: to unhook obj (several hooks)
ex: Ku:gam 'i kekkiva, 'ant 'am o m'o'olpi'o! Turn around, I'll unhook your dress (you)!
(<'a) cum 'o'olpi'ok. I am trying (in vain) to unhook my dress (me).

'o'olap Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'o'olp) plo or mult (for sgo or sing see 'olap)
[Neutr: indef 'o'olap. Dur: 'o'olapa-d]: to hook obj repeatedly (several hooks)
ex: Ha'o'olap g a'i. He is hooking bales of hay. 'Ab o ho(<ha)'o'olapad g a'i! Be
hooking the bales of hay!

'o'on see N alien mass 'on= salt

'o'onag Stat impers Distr: there is salt in several locations

'o'onag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of salt in several locations

'o'onga see Stat 'onga= to have salt

'o'onk see N 'onk= a bush (salt weed?)
'o'onk see Stat s-'onk= to be salty

'o'onkag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of salt weed bushes in several locations
ex: 'Am 'o s'o'onkag. It is full of salt weed bushes down there.

'o'onmad Vtr plo (for sgo see 'onmad) [Neutr: def, indef and hort: 'o'onmad]: to put
salt in obj
ex: M(<'am) g ha'o'onmad g hihido! Put salt in the pots of food!
 522

'o'onmag/'o'otkol

'o'onmag see Adj s-'onmag= salt-colored

'o'onmag[] see Stat s-'onmag[]= to be salt-colored

'o'onop Vintr Distr (for Unit see 'onop) pls [Neutr: def 'o'ono; indef 'o'onop]: to go
after salt
ex: T o 'o'ono. I hear that they (people from different villages) are going to go after salt.

'o'oponag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of wild spinach in various places

'o'os see Vtr 'o'osid= to strain obj

'o'osa see N 'o:sa= sickle
'o'osal see N 'osal= rosary

'o'osid Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'o''osid) (Neutr: def 'o'os; hort 'o'osid]: to strain obj, to
make obj fall in drops
ex: Nt o 'o'os. I'll strain it. M g 'o'osid! Could you strain it! Hetasp 'am o 'o'os heg'ea
u:dag k haha vo 'i:. Pour five drops of it in water and drink it.

'o'osidacud Vdtr [Neutr: def 'o'osidac; hort 'o'osidacud]: to strain obj for somebody
ex: Nt o 'i m'o'osidac. I'll strain it for you(sg).

'o'osidaku N inalien aggreg [distr: 'o'osidaku]: strainer

kavh:-'o'osidaku NComp: percolator (coffee strainer)

'o'oa see 'o:a: puma, jaguar

'o'oaag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o''oa): to be full of pumas/ jaguars in
one location

'o'okon Vtr plo (for sgo see 'okon) [Neutr: def 'ooko; hort 'o'okon]: to remove the
scab from sores

'o'ot Vintr [Neutr: def 'o'o; indef 'o'ot. Interr: 'o'ota-him. Dur: 'o'ota-d]: to drip, to leak
ex: Vatk o sho:tam 'o'o. It will drip fast. 'O'o g mki:. Your house leaked. Pi 'aptk
vinma ku: g to:baku k 'an ge 'o'ot. You did not turn off the faucet tight and it drips.
ki: 'o cum 'o'otahim. My house used to leak. T o ge 'o'otad. It will be leaking.-- Mat
heba'i g ki: pi 'am hu vo si skegajk g ma'ipagaj k o ju:k k o 'o'o g u:dag. Whenever the
roof of a house is not in good condition it leaks when it rains.

'o'otkol see N 'otkol= zebra-tailed lizard

 523

'o'otkolig/ 'o''o
'o'otkolig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o''otkolig): to be full of zebra-tailed
lizards in one location

'o'ovgam see N 'ovgam= a bush

'o'ovgamag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of 'ovgam bushes in several locations

'o'ovi see N 'ovi= opponent

'o'ovi see Stat intr 'ovi= to have an opponent

'o'ovicid Vdtr mult (for sing see 'ovicid): to roll obj into cigarettes for somebody
(same as 'o'ovickid)

'o'ovick Vtr mult (for sing see 'ovick) [Neutr: def 'o:vic; hort 'o'ovick]: to roll up obj
into cigarettes.

'o'ovicka see N 'ovicka= ceremonial cigarette

'o'ovickid Vdtr mult (for sing see 'ovickid) [Neutr: def 'o'ovick; hort 'o'ovickid]: to
roll obj into cigarettes for somebody (same as 'o'ovicid)

'o'ovij see N 'ovij= awl

'o'ovij see Stat 'ovij= to have an awl
'o'ovij see Stat Expr vu 'ovij= to be an awl
'o'ovopcka see N 'ovicka= ceremonial cigarette
'o''odham see N 'o'odham= The People; people, person(s)

'o''odham vu Stat Expr Distr (for Unit see vu 'o'odham): to be people, adult men
from various locations

'o''odham in vu vab ge 'o''odham Stat Expr Distr (for Unit see vu vab ge
'o'odham): to be strangers from various locations
ex: Hegam u ab ge 'o''odham. They are strangers from different places.

'o''odhamag Stat impers Distr: there are people in various places

'o''odhamcud Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'o'odhamcud) [Neutr: def 'e-'o''odhamc]:
to become adult men
ex: Hemu 'ut(<'at) 'e'o'odhamc. Now they are adult men.

'o''o see N 'o= gravel, coarse sand

 524

'o''oag/ 'o''oi

'o''oag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of gravel in several locations

'o''omag see Stat s-'o'omag= to be gravel-like

'o''ohiag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see 'o'ohiag): to be full of sand in several
locations

'o''oho see Vtr 'o''ohon= to write down obj

'o''ohoag see N 'o'ohoag= design; sign

'o''ohoag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of designs in several locations

'o''ohon (dial: 'o'ohan) Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'o'ohon) [Neutr: def 'o''oho; indef and
hort 'o''ohon. Dur: 'o''ohona-d]: to write down obj
ex: N(<'an) 'ampt o 'o''oho mant 'am hab o cei! Each one of you will write down what I
say! M(<'am) g o ob(<vab) 'i 'o''ohonad! Keep on (you pl) writing it down!

'o''ohon see N 'o'ohon= book; letter

'o''ohon (dial 'o''ohan) Repet (for Unit see 'o'ohon) [Neutr: indef 'o''ohon]: to write
down obj repeatedly
ex: Ha'i ha'o''ohon g 'O'odham-i'ok ves takaj. He writes down some 'O'odham words
every day.

'o''ohona see N 'o'ohona= writing; written word

'o''ohonaku see N 'o'ohonaku= pen, pencil
'o''oho see Vtr 'o''ohoid= to write a letter to obj

'o''ohoid (dial: 'o''ohaid) Repet (for Unit see 'o'ohoid) [Neutr: indef 'o''ohoid.
Dur 'o''ohoida-d]: to write repeatedly to obj
ex: Ves domig 'a 'am hema 'o''ohoid g nje'e. Every week I write a letter to my mother.
-- Ves domig nt 'am haha vo hema 'i 'o''ohoidad g nje'e. From now on, I'll be writing a
letter to my mother every week.

'o''ohoid (dial: 'o''ohaid) Vdtr Distr (for Unit see 'o'ohoid) [Neutr: def 'o''oho;
indef and hort 'o''ohoid. Dur: 'o''ohoida-d]: to write a letter to obj
ex: Mt o 'i ha'o'oho g 'eje:j! Each one of you will write a letter to your respective
mothers! Ves domig vo 'i ha'o''ohoidad g 'eje:j! Every week, each one of you will be
writing a letter to your respective mothers!

'o''oi see Stat s-'o'oi= to be decorated, to have designs

 525

'o''oid/ 'o''oa

'o''oid Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'oid; for Repet see 'o'oid) [Neutr: def 'o''oi; indef and
hort 'o''oid. Dur: 'o''oida-d]: to go with obj, to follow obj
ex: Vo ho(<ha)'o''oi g 'e'u'adam. Each one of you will go with your respective war-party
leader. Hema vo 'o''oidad ves takaj. One after the other one of you will be coming
with me every day. Hasko hema 'ab mamkac 'im hu 'i ha'o''oid. One after the other,
they give it (the basket) to someone, as they rejoin them (the people at the camp).

'o''oid Vreflex Distr: to follow each other (in several groups)

ex: 'i 'i(<'e)'o''oid. They were following each other (in several groups).

'o''oidag see N 'oidag= field

'o''oidag see Stat 'oidag= to have a field

'o''okig s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of old women in various locations

'o''ok see N 'oks= old woman, wife

'o''okokoig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'o'okokoig): to be full of white-
winged doves in several locations

'o''oks see N 'oks= old woman, wife

'o''ola see N 'ola= the pair of wooden balls of the tokaa game

'o''olat Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'olat): to roll up obj into a ball
ex: G o 'i ha'o''olat g 'eva:paga. Each one of you, roll up your dough (into buns).

'o''olhain see N 'olhain= bread oven; threshing floor

'o''olpaku see N 'olpaku= hay hook; hooks and eyes
'o''os see Vtr 'o''osid= to strain obj
'o''osa see N 'o:sa= sickle
'o''osal see N 'osal= rosary

'o''osid Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'o'osid) [Neutr: def 'o''os; hort 'o''osid]: to strain obj, to
make obj (a liquid) fall in drops
ex: M(<'am) g o ho(<ha)'o''osid. Each one of you strain them. Hetasp 'am o 'o''os
heg'ea u:dag k haha vo 'i:'i. Each one of you, pour five drops of it in water and then
drink it.

'o''osidaku see N 'o'osidaku= strainer

o''oa s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of pumas, tigers, jaguars in several locations
 526

'o''otkolig/ 'o:b[]ma

'o''otkolig s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of zebra-tailed lizards in several locations

'o''ovij see N 'ovij= awl

'o:-

'o: see Vtr 'o= to harvest obj

'o: inalien indiv [pl: 'o'o]: back

ex: 'o: 'oidk= along my back 'o: 'oidk= along his back 'e'o: 'an= on one's back
Mapt 'im o vo'iva 'o: 'ea! Lay it on my back!

'O:b N aggreg [distr: 'O:'ob]: Apache

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'O:b. I saw some Apaches (from one place). Ha'i 'a haeid g
'O:'ob. I saw some Apaches (from various places).

'O:b vu Stat Expr: to be (an) Apache(s)

'O:b in si 'O:b NExpr: full-blooded Apache

si 'O:b vu Stat Expr: to be a full-blooded Apache
ex: Heg 'o (<vu) si 'O:b. He is a full-blooded Apache

'O:bag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'O:'obag): to be full of Apaches in one
location

'O:baj Adv: in Apache

ex: 'A:i 'a 'O:baj iok. I speak in Apache. 'O:baj eiok. They speak in Apache.

'O:bc'e N: in Apache land

ex: 'O:bc'e 'o ki:. He lives in Apache land.

'o:bgam N aggreg: a tree (similar to palo verde)

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'o:bgam. I saw some 'o:bgam trees in one location.

'o:bgamag s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of 'o:bgam trees in one location

'o:b[]ma N aggreg: a lizard

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'o:b[]ma. I saw some 'o:bma lizards.
 527

'O:b-/ 'o:hod

'O:b-i'ok NComp: Apache language, words

'o:cvig N indiv [pl: 'o'ocvig]: a worm (found on trees)

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'o'ocvig. I saw some 'o:cvig worms.

'o:cvigag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o'ocvigag): to be full of 'o:cvig worms
in one location

'o:g N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'og]: father; father's older brother

ex: D(<vu) 'o m'o'og hacu:kug. It is your fathers' flesh.
ba'ama-'o:g NComp inalien: son in-law; father-in-law
moi-'o:g NComp inalien: son-in-law; mother-in-law (same as mo:ms ha'o:g)
mo:ms ha'o:g N Expr inalien: son-in-law; mother-in-law (same as moi-'o:g)

'o:g vu Stat Expr: to be someone's father

ex: Heg 'o (<vu) ha'o:g. He is their father. Heg 'o (<vu) 'o:gaj. He is his father.

'o:gba N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'ogba]: deceased father; deceased father's elder brother

'o:gig Stat sgs [pls: 'o'ogig]: to be left handed

ex: Heg 'o ge 'o:gig. He is left handed. Hegam 'o ge 'o'ogig. They are left handed.

'o:gji s- Mod [distr: 'o'ogji]: left

ex: s'o:gji nta= my left foot --M(<'am) 'apt o hi: vo:g 'oidc k s'o:gji o 'i no! Go along
that road and turn left!-- S'o'ogji 'i no:nag g mamagina. Cars turn left.

'o:gji s- Postp [distr: 'o'ogji]: left of obj

ex: 'An 'o sm'o:gji ve:c. It is lying on your left. 'An 'o sha'o'ogji ve:c. It is lying on
their left (on the left of each of them).

'o:g keli NExpr[1st pers sg -'o:g keli]: father's elder brother (also called simply keli)

'o:gta in cioj 'o:gta NExpr inalien [1st pers sg cioj -'o:gta]: father (found only in
some Speeches)
ex: 'Ab si tai g cioj -'o:gta. I asked my father (the ocean) for it.

'o:hod s- Vtr sgs (for pls see s-'o'ohod) [Neutr: def and indef s-'o:hod]: to get tired of
obj
ex: S'o:hod 'o. He gets tired of it/him. Ha'i 'ant sha'o:hod g 'i'ipu. I am tired of some
of my dresses. Mat ha'icu pi vu o ttacuikad, tt o s'o:hod. When something is not to our
liking, we get tired of it.
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'o:hodacud/ 'o:mid

'o:hodacud s- Vtr sgs (for pls see 'o'ohodacud) [Neutr: def 'o:hodac; indef
'o:hodacud]: to tire obj
ex: Kut hab 'i 'i(<'e)ju: g ncegtoidag mat hek hu a(<va) 'i s'o:hodac 'i:da'a ha'icu-'a:ga.
As far as I am concerned, I have been tired of this story (this story has tired me) for a
long time. Heg 'o s'o:hodacud. He bores me.

'o:kam N subst sg [pl: 'o'okam]: one with a back

ex: gevk 'o:kam: one with a stiff back gevpk 'o'okam= ones with stiff backs
cuvidk-'o:kam NComp(?): a hunch back (one with a hump on his back)

'o:la (Span: oro) N mass: gold (the metal)

ex: 'o:la 'ailo= gold ring

'o:la (Span: oro) N aggreg [distr: 'o'ola]: gold (in pieces)

ex: M(<'am) 'ant hi a(<va) ha'i 'al hace: g 'o:la. I found just a few pieces of gold.

'o:la (Span: hora) N aggreg [distr: 'o'ola]: hour

ex: K he'ekia 'i mnamkid g 'o:la? How much does he pay you(sg) per hour? He'ekia 'o
(<vu) a(<va) 'i g 'o:la? What time is it? Gi'ik 'o'ola 'a cikpan ves takaj. I work four
hours every day.
s'ap e [g 'o:la] Adv Expr: on time.
ves 'o:la 'e Adv Expr: every hour

'o:la in vu Numeral 'o:la Stat Expr: to be so many hours

ex: ...mat 'am u o 'i gi'ik 'o:lak= in (after it will be) four hours

'o:la in Numeral + 'o:la ve:gaj NExpr: every so many hours

ex: Nt o ha'icu mma: pt o ho(<ha) ba'ad gi'ik 'o:la ve:gaj. I'll give you something for
you to swallow (some of it) every four hours.

'o:la in Numeral 'o:lac'e[a]/ Numeral 'o:la 'e[a]/ Numeral 'e g 'o:la NComp
/Expr: at Numeral o'clock
ex: cu:dp-'o:lac'e= at 6 o'clock vaik 'o:la 'e[a] /vaik 'e g 'o:la= at 3 o'clock

'o:lag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'o'olag): to be full of gold in one location

'o:laga Stat: to have gold

ex: Nap ge 'o:laga? Do you have any gold?

'o:las Adj: spherical

'o:mid see Vtr 'o:miid= to break off obj for somebody

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'o:min/ 'o:sa-

'o:min Vtr plo (for sgo see mulin) [Neutr: def 'o:m; hort 'o:min. Correl: 'o:min-k.
Compl: 'o:min-ok. Dur: 'o:mina-d:]: to break off obj by bending them once
ex: 'I ge:k ha'o:m g 'ekakkio. He fell and broke his legs. Nt o ho(<ha)'o:m g 'u'us. I'll
break off the twigs. B(<'ab) g ha'i ha'o:min g 'u'us! Break off some twigs!-- Pt o ha'i 'i
ha'o:mink g 'u'us. You will break off some twigs.

'o:min Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-mulin) [Neutr: def 'e-'o:m]: to break off when bent

'o:mi see Vdtr 'o:miid: to break off obj for somebody

'o:mi Stat pls (for sgs see muli): to be broken

ex: No 'o:mi g mkakkio? Are your legs broken?

'o:mi Adj pl (for sg see muli): broken

ex: Hega'i mo ge 'o:mi kakkio. The one who has broken legs (unexpectedly).

'o:mi[i]d Vdtr plo (for sgo see muliid) [Neutr: def 'o:mi; hort 'o:miid/'o:mid]: to
break off obj for somebody
ex: Pt o ha'i 'o:mi g 'u'us! You will break off some twigs for me! Ha'i 'o:miid/
'o:mid! Break some off for me!

'O:mi-Kakkiokam NComp(?): a nickname (one-with-broken-legs)

'o:mi Vtr plo (for sgo see muli) [Neutr: indef o:mi. Dur: 'o:mia-d]: to break off obj
by bending reiteratedly

'o:m see Vtr 'o:min: to break off obj

'o:mig in ha'icu 'o:mig NExpr pl (for sg see ha'icu mulig): pieces broken by
bending
kui-'o:mig NComp(?): broken pieces of mesquite

'o:migaj N inalien pl (for sg see muligaj): broken pieces of a specified entity (its
broken pieces)

'o:sa/ ho:sa (Span: hoz) N inalien indiv [pl: 'o'osa; distr: 'o''osa]: sickle

'o:sa-dahidag NComp: sickle handle

'o:sa-mu'ukdag NComp: sickle blade

 530

'o:a/ 'o:'oa

'o:a N indiv [pl: 'o'oa; distr: 'o''oa]: puma, tiger, jaguar

'o:a Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'o:a]: to rest

ex: Nt o a 'i ha 'o:a. I'll rest for a while.

'o:an Vreflex [Neutr: indef and hort 'e-'o:an Dur: 'e-'o:ana-d]: to rest (same as 'e-
'ulinhogid)
ex: Himk a 'i 'i(<'e)'o:an! Go and rest for a while! Ves takaj 'a a 'al 'i 'o:an.
Every day I rest for a while. M(<'am) g ab 'i 'i(<'e)'o:anad! Keep on resting!

'o:t Vintr [Neutr: indef 'o:t. Interr: 'o:ta-him. Dur: 'o:ta-d]: to drip, leak
ex: 'An ge 'o:t g to:baku. The faucet is leaking. T o 'o:tad. It will be dripping. ki:
'o cum 'o:tahim. My house used to leak.

'o:tk/ 'o:tko N inalien: flesh on each side of the back bone of a cow
ex: 'o:tko 'ep 'i nceka. He also drew a line on my back.

'o:tk-tatai NComp(?): sinews (in the flesh on each side of the back bone)

'o:va Vtr Unit: to hit one's back against something once

ex: B(<'ab) 'ant si 'o:va. I hit my back hard against it.

'o:'o N inalien aggreg: bone(s) of a person

'o:'o in ha'icu 'o:'o NExpr sg [pl: ha'icu ha-'o:'o]: bones of one animal/ several
animals of the same kind
ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g ha'icu 'o:'o. I saw some bones of one animal.
gogos ha'o:'o NExpr pl: dogs' bones
haiva ha'o:'o NExpr pl: cows' bones

'o:'o in ha'icu 'i ha-'o:'o NExpr: bones of animals of different kinds

'O:'ob see N 'O:b= Apache(s)

'O:'obag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'O:bag): to be full of Apaches in several
locations

'o:'oa Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'o; for Repet see 'o'o): to harvest obj
ex: Vo 'o:'oa g 'e''es. Each one of them is going to harvest the crops. Ves 'a'ahidag vo
'o:'oa g 'ehuhuga. Every year they (people from different villages) will harvest their
corn.
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'o:'og/ 'uam

'o:'og N inalien: tears

ex: Mat hema vo oakad, t 'ab o e'iopa g 'o:'ogaj. When someone cries, his tears flow.

'o:'og s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of bones in one location

'u-

'ua see Vtr 'uan= to erase obj

'uac see Vtr 'uack= to roll up a cigarette

'uack (dia: 'oack) Vtr [Neutr: def 'uac; hort 'uack; imper sgs 'uacka-]: to roll up a
cigarette (same as 'ovick)
ex: M(<'am) g hema 'uack! Roll up one (cigarette)! Nt o hema 'uac. I'll roll up one
(cigarette).

'uacka (dial: 'oacka) N inalien: ceremonial cigarette (same as 'ovicka)

'uackid Vdtr [Neutr: def 'uack; hort 'uackid]: to roll up a cigarette for somebody (same
as 'ovickid)
ex: M(<'am) 'ant o a(<va) hema m'uack. I will roll you one. M(<'am) g hema 'uackid!
Could you roll me one!

'uack see Vdtr 'uackid= to roll up a cigarette for somebody

'uack[]-to:n NComp inalien: ceremonial cigarette (old Expression found in speeches,

same as 'ovick[]-to:n)
ex: 'Am bei g 'uack[]-to:n. (I) took my ceremonial cigarette.

'uag N inalien indiv [sg: (3rd pers: 'uaga-j; loc: 'uag-c-'e[a]); pl/distr: 'u'ag]: marrow;
brain

'uam s- Adj sg [pl: 'u'am]: yellow

s-cukuma s-'uam Adj Expr: brown (dark yellow)

'uam in [s-]'Uam Maad NExpr: the month of April (Yellow Moon)

'uam in [s-]'Uam Nuv NExpr: Yellow Buzzard (a mythological character)

'uam in s'uam 'u:v Stat Expr sgs: to stink, to smell of feces (to have a yellow smell)
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'uam/ 'uaid

'uam s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'u'am]: to be yellow

'uama Vintr sgs (for pls see 'u'ama) [Neutr: def 'uama. Interr: 'uama-him]: to become
yellow
ex: 'Uamahim 'o. It is getting yellow.

'uamad Vtr sgo (for plo see 'u'amad) [Neutr: def and indef 'uamad]: to make obj
become yellow (same as 'uamajid)

'uamaj see Vtr 'uamajid: to make obj become yellow

'uamajid Vtr sgo (for plo see 'u'amajid) [Neutr: def 'uamaj; def and hort 'uamajid]: to
make obj become yellow (same as 'uamad)

'uamma s- Adv sg [pl: s-'u'amma]: yellow-like

'uamma s- Stat intr sgs [pls: s-'u'amma]: to be dirty, full of feces

ex: Heg 'o s'uamma. He is dirty. -- Hegam 'o s'u'amma. They are dirty. -- Cum 'o
s'uammakahim. He used to be dirty.

'uamma s-ce:dag s- Adv Expr sg [pl: s-'u'amma s-cehedag]: yellow-green/ blue

'uan (dial: 'oan) Vtr sgo (for plo see 'u'an) [Neutr: def 'ua; indef and hort 'uan; 1st
pers sg imper: 'uana-. Interr: 'uana-him. Dur: 'uana-d]: to erase obj
ex: Nt o 'i 'ua g 'o'ohona. I will erase the writing. -- 'I 'uan! Erase it! -- Cum hekid 'a 'i
'uan g 'o'ohona. I always erase my writing.--M(<'am) g ab 'i 'uanad! Keep on erasing it!

'uan Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'u'an) [Neutr: def 'e-ua; indef and hort 'e-'uan]: to wipe
one's bottom; to fade
ex: G 'i 'i(<'e)'uan! Wipe yourself! Cum hekid 'a 'i 'uan. I wipe myself every time.

'uanaku N sg alien inalien [pl: 'u'anaku]: eraser, napkin, toilet paper

'ua see Vdtr 'uaid= to erase obj for somebody

'uaid (dial: 'oaid) Vdtr sgo (for plo see 'u'aid) [Neutr: def 'ua; indef and hort
'uaid. Interr: 'uaida-him]: to erase obj for somebody
ex: Nt o a(<va) 'i m'ua. I will erase it for you(sg). M(<'am) g 'i 'uaid! Could
you(sg) erase it for me! M(<'am) g ab 'i 'uaidad! Keep on (you sg) erasing it for
me!
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'uuvhag/ 'ulin

'uuvhag N alien aggreg [distr: 'u'uuvhag]: cattails (Typha latifolia; the stems once
split, are used to make baskets)
ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'uuvhag ma 'ab him. I saw some cattails as I was coming.

'uuvhag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'u'uuvhag): to be full of cattails in
one location
ex: 'Am 'o s'uuvhag. It is full of cattails down there.

'uuvhagga Stat: to have cattails

'ui see Vtr 'u'u= to get obj

'uimk s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'u'imk]: to be a farter

'uiv semi Stat tr [Neutr: def 'uiv; indef 'uiv=k. Interr: 'uiva-him/ 'uiv=ka-him]: to fart at
ex: K 'amje 'am 'i 'i(<'e)jumalkadk 'am ha'uiv hegam ha'icu doakam. And, from there,
having stooped over, he farted at those animals. Heg 'o cum hekid ha'uivk g 'o'odham.
He is always farting at people. B(<vab) ha'uivk hakokda. He killed them just by
farting at them.

'uiv semi Stat reflex [Neutr: def 'e-'uiv; indef 'e-'uiv=k. Interr: 'e-uiva-him/ 'e-'uiv=ka-
him]: to fart
ex: Napt 'e'uiv? Did you fart? Pi g 'am 'e'uivkad! Don't be farting! 'E'uivahim. He
has been farting. ... 'am o si sipu kekivak 'am o si 'e'uiv. ... he (the stink bug) stuck up
his rear end and farted.

'ujigid/'ujugid (dial: 'ugid) Vtr sgo (for plo see 'u'ujigid) [Neutr: def 'ujig; indef
and hort 'ujigid]: to shake obj
ex: Hevel si 'ujigid g kui. The wind is shaking the tree hard. --Nt o si m'ujig. I will shake
you hard.

'ujigid/ 'ujugid (dial: 'ugjid) Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'u'ujigid) [Neutr: def 'e-
'ujig; indef and hort 'e-'ujigid]: to shake/ move a part of one's body
ex: 'E'ujigid 'ekahio. He is shaking his leg.

'ujig see Vtr 'ujigid: to shake obj

'ulin Vtr [Neutr: def 'ul; hort and indef 'ulin. Interr: 'ulin-him]: to aim obj (such as a gun)
ex: Nt o 'i 'ul g ga:t. I'll aim the gun. B(<'ab) g 'i 'ulin g ga:t! Aim the gun! Cum
hekid 'o 'i 'ulin g 'ega:t. He is always aiming (in the position of aiming) his gun. Nt ab
o a(<va) 'i 'ulinad. I'll keep on aiming it.
 534

'ulin/ 'uli

'ulin Vtr [Neutr: def 'ul; hort 'ulin. Correl: 'ulin-k. Compl: 'ulin-ok. Interr: 'ulina-him]: to
hand out obj
ex: 'Ab o 'i 'ul! Hand it out (to me)! 'An 'i 'ulinahim. He is passing it around ( to one
person after the other).

'ulin in 'i 'ulin g 'e-nov VExpr sgs (for pls see 'i 'u:'ulin g 'e-no:nhai): to
extend raise one's hand
ex: B(<'ab) g 'i 'ulin g 'enov! Extend your hand! M(<'am) g 'i 'ulin g 'enov! Raise
your hand! S'apkoji 'enov 'ab o 'i 'ul! Extend your(sg) right hand! 'I 'ulinahi g
'enov! Extend your hand (several times in order to shake hands with several people one
after the other).

'ulin Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'u:'ulin) [Neutr: def 'e-'ul]: to settle somewhere
ex: ... ha'ap o himk 'im hu o 'ul huig veco. ... having gone in that direction, I will settle
in the west. Napt 'i ab o 'i 'i(<'e)'ul? Are you(sg) going to just settle here?

'ulin Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'e-'ul]: to become logical, consistent, coherent, mature
ex: 'Am 'e'ul g cegtoidaj. His mind has gotten mature.

'ulinc semi Stat tr sgo (for plo see 'u:'ulinc): to have obj aimed
ex: Heg 'o 'ulinc g 'ega:t. He is aiming his gun. Nt ab o a(<va) 'i 'ulincid. I'll keep on
aiming it.

'ulinc semi Stat tr sgo (for plo see 'u:'ulinc): to have obj in a handed out position
ex: 'Am 'o 'ulinc g 'esigalga. He is handing out his cigarette.

'ulinhogid Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'u:'ulinhogid) [Neutr: def 'e-'ulinhog; indef
and hort 'e-'ulinhogid. Correl: 'e-'ulinhogid-k. Compl: 'e-'ulinhogid-ok; immed 'e-
'ulinhogid-oka'-i. Interr: 'e-'ulinhogida-him]: to rest, take a rest
ex: Napt 'e'ulinhog? Did you(sg) take a rest?-- T o 'o(<'e)'ulinhog. He is going
(hearsay) to take a rest. 'E'ulinhogid 'o. He is taking a rest. 'Am o a 'i
'i(<'e)'ulinhogidk 'am o a 'i dahiva. After resting for a while he will sit down for a while.

'ulinhog see Vreflex 'e-'ulinhogid= to rest

'ulinhog s- Stat [sgs (Neutr: indef. s-'ulinhog; def s-'ulinhog=k; concurs s-'ulinhog-c);
pls: s-'u:'ulinhog]: to be rested
ex: S'ulinhog 'a. I am rested. S'u:'ulinhog 'o. They are rested. Mant hekid o
s'ulinhogk. When I am rested. K hema takaj vo va s'ulinhogc haha vo si je:g. And
one day as he is rested, he will smoke and talk to him.

'uli see vdtr 'ul[i]id= to hand out obj to somebody

 535

'uli/ 'ulugid

'uli Stat [indef 'uli; def 'uli=k. Interr: 'uli=ka-him. Dur: 'uli=ka-d]: to be in the
future
ex: B(<vab) kia me:k 'uli. It is still in the far future. Ha'icu 'i 'emtacui 'am o 'i 'ulik
... If you(pl) had any plans for the future (if your desire extended in the future) ...
Ha'icu 'i 'emcegtoidag 'am o 'ulikad ... If you had foresight (if your thoughts extended in
the future) ...

'uli Stat: to be logical, consistent, coherent, mature

ex: Ha'icu cegtoidaj 'am 'uli. He has a logical mind.

'uli in ha'icu 'ab hema 'ab 'uli Stat Expr impers: to excell at something
ex: ... vaha vo 'i smai matp hascu 'ab 'ab 'uli ... then you will find out in what I excell.
Tp hems ha'icu 'ab 'i si m'ab 'uli, pt 'am o nce:g. May be you(sg) excell at something,
show me! Ves 'ab 'ab 'uli ha'icu. He excells in every thing. 'I a daivc 'i a tcecegid
matp hascu 'ab 'i ha'ab 'uli. As they get here they show us in what they excell.

'uliid Vdtr sgo (for plo see 'u:'uliid) [Neutr def 'uli; hort 'uliid]: to hand out obj
to somebody
ex: B(<'ab) g 'i 'uliid! Hand it out to me!- N(<'an) g 'i ha'uliid! Pass it around to them!

'uliig Stat sgs [pls: 'u:'ulig]: to be detained/delayed

ex: Hascu 'am has 'i 'i(<'e)vua s(<kus) 'am hab 'ulig? What could have happened there,
that he is delayed? 'Am cum 'uligkahim. He has been delayed. M(<'am) 'a cum
'uligkahim. I have been delayed.

'uli Vtr [Neutr: indef 'uli Dur: 'ulia-d]: to make the gesture of handing out obj several
times in a row
ex: ... c 'am bebbec 'ab vui 'uli. ... and he takes it repeatedly and makes the gesture of
handing it out to him. -- ... 'ab o vui 'uliad. ... he will be making the gesture of handing it
out to him.

'uli in 'uli g 'e-nov VExpr sgs: to extend/ raise one's hand several times in a row
ex: Nt 'am o 'i cum 'uli (g nnov). I will repeatedly make a grab for it (in vain raise my
hand). Hega'i 'ali cum hekid 'am 'uli g 'enov. That kid is always the first one to raise
his hand (raises his hand all the time).

'uli Vreflex sgs (for pls see 'e-'u:'uli) [Neutr: indef 'e-'uli]: to settle somewhere
again and again
ex: Cum hekid 'o 'om(<'am) 'e'uli mo 'om(<'am) u:dag. He/it always settles where there
is water.

'ulugid Vtr sgo (for plo see 'u'ulugid) [Neutr: def 'ulug; hort and indef 'ulugid. Dur:
'ulugida-d]: to rock obj (a baby)
 536

'ulugid/ 'uskon
ex: Nt o 'ulug g 'ali. I will rock the baby. Heg 'o 'ulugid. He is rocking him. Je'ej o
e'edc o 'ulugidad. His mother will be rocking him while singing.

'ulugid Vreflex sgs: to rock oneself

ex: 'E'ulugid g ce:kol. The squirrel is rocking (himself).

'ulug see Vtr 'ulugid: to rock obj (a baby)

'um N inalien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg 'uma-j); pl: 'u'um]: thigh

'umug N alien aggreg [distr: 'u'umug]: sotol, spoon plant (Dasylirion wheeleri; a plant
used to make baskets and mats)
ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'umug ma 'ab him. I saw some sotol in one location as I was
coming.

'umugag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'u'umugag): to be full of sotol in one
location
ex: S'umugag 'o 'ana'i do'agt'an. It is full of sotol on the mountain.

'upulig N sg inalien [pl: 'u'upulig]: wart

'upulig Stat sing [mult: 'u'upulig]: to have a wart

ex: N(<'an) ge 'upulig 'eda:k 'an. He has a wart on his nose (unexpectedly).

'usaga N indiv inalien [pl: 'u'usaga; distr: 'u''usaga]: double ball stick; staff (ensign of
authority)

'usaga Stat: to have a staff (ensign of authority); to have a double-ball stick

'usagacud Vtr [Neutr: def 'usagac]: to make a staff/ a double ball stick for obj

'usagakam N subst sg inalien ['u'usagakam]: judge (one with a staff)

'usagat Vtr sing (for mult see 'u'usagat): to make a staff out of obj

'uskon Vtr sgo (for plo see 'u'uskon) [Neutr: def 'usko; hort and indef 'uskon. Correl:
'uskon-k. Compl: 'uskon-ok. Interr: 'uskona-him.]: to stick/ impale obj (on the end of a
pole); to pick obj up with a stick
ex: 'Am hab 'usko g mo'oj. He/they impaled his head (on the end of a pole). Tp(<kutp)
'an 'usko g'ab 'u:s. He/they impaled it on the end of a pole. Cum 'o hekid 'uskon g
mo'oj g 'o:b. He/they always impale(s) the head of an enemy on the end of a pole.
 537

'uskonac/ 'uabgam

'uskonac semi Stat tr: to have obj impaled

ex: ... 'am bei hega'i matp 'uskonac g mo'o. ... he took (the pole) which was holding the
head impaled (on it).

'uskonac see Vintr 'uskonacug= to carry obj impaled on a pole

'uskonacug Vtr [Neutr: def 'uskonac]: to carry obj impaled on a pole

'uskonaku N alien, inalien, indiv [pl: 'u'uskonaku; distr: 'u''uskonaku]: fork,

pitchfork (same as 'olg:ya)

'usko Stat intr sgs [pls: 'u'usko]: to be stuck/ impaled (on the end of a pole)
ex: 'An 'usko hega'i mo'oj g uv. The head of Buzzard is impaled (on the end of a
pole). 'An 'u'usko hegam hamo:m. Their heads are impaled (on the ends of poles).

'uabdag in ha'icu 'uabdag NExpr [distr: ha'icu 'u'uabdag]: gum, pitch, resin
kui-'uabdag NComp aggreg: mesquite gum (used for medicinal purposes)
ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g kui-'uabdag. I saw some pieces of mesquite gum.
egai-'uabdag NComp aggreg: greasewood gum (used as glue to stop leaks in pots)
ex: Nt o ha'i ga:gim g egai-'uabdag hekaj 'am o ku: g ha'a. I'll look for some
pieces of greasewood gum in order to close (the leak in) my olla.

'uabdag Stat sgs [pls: 'u'uabdag]: to have gum, resin (a tree or bush)
ex: 'Uabdagkahim 'o hega'i kui. That mesquite used to have gum.

'uabdag s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'u'uabdag]: to have a lot of gum, resin (a tree or bush)
ex: S'uabdag 'o hega'i kui. That mesquite has a lot of gum. S'u'uabdag 'o. They have
a lot of gum (each tree has a lot of gum).

'uabdaj N inalien aggreg: gum, pitch, resin of a specific entity (its gum, pitch, resin)

'uabig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of gum, resin, glue in one location

'uab[] N alien aggreg [(3rd pers sg: 'uabi=ga-j/ 'uab=ga-j); distr: 'u'uab[]]: gum,
resin, glue

'uabga Stat: to have (own) gum, resin

ex: Nap ge 'uabga? Do you have some resin? Pi 'i(<'a) ha 'uabga. I don't have any
resin.

'uabgam N subst: place where there is gum, resin

 538

'uvhimel/ 'uv

'uvhimel/ 'uvhimal N alien sg [pl: 'u'uvhimel]: velvet ant (Mutillid wasp; totem of the
Ma:mgam)
ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'u'uvhimel ma 'ab him. I saw some velvet ants as I was coming.
toha-'uvhimel NComp indiv [pl: to:ta-'u'uvhimel]: a variety of velvet ants (white
velvet ants)
veg-'uvhimel NComp indiv [pl: vepeg-'u'uvhimel]: a variety of velvet ants (red
velvet ants)
'uam-'uvhimel NComp indiv [pl: 'u'am-'u'uvhimel]: a variety of velvet ants (yellow
velvet ants)

'uvhimelga in Ma:mgam ha'uvhimelga NExpr: the velvet ant of the Ma:mgam

'uvhimelig/ 'uvhimalig s-Stat impers Unit: to be full of velvet ants in a single

location

'uvidag N inalien sg [pl: 'u'uvidag]: daughter (term used only in some areas)

'uviga Stat sing [mult: 'u'uviga]: to have a sister (term used only about a man)
ex: Nap ge 'uviga? Do you(sg) have a sister?

'uvi-gogs NComp indiv [pl: ' u'uvi-gogogs]: bitch

'uvi-gogs oiga NExpr indiv inalien [sg (lst pers sg: 'uvi-gogs n-oiga); pl: 'u'uvi-
gogogs ooiga]: female dog pet

'uvi ma NExpr inalien indiv [sg (lst pers sg 'uvi -ma)]: daughter (woman speaking)

'uvi-ma:kai NComp indiv: medicine woman, female doctor

'uvimk s- Stat sgs [pls: s-'u'uvimk]: to be a womanizer

ex: Heg 'o a 'i s'uvimk. He is quite a womanizer. Hegam 'o a 'i s'u'uvimk. They are
womanizers.

'uvimkam s- N subst sg [pl: s-'u'uvimkam]: womanizer

'uvi ve:nag NExpr inalien indiv [sg (lst pers sg: 'uvi -ve:nag)]: sister; cousin(female)

'uv N alien indiv [pl: 'u'uv]: woman, female (term loosely used to refer to a woman
from her first menstruation to her menopause; before puberty she is called cehia, after her
menopause she is called 'oks)
 539

'uv/ 'uv 'alidag

ex: Vo hema habei hegam 'u'uv k o ho(<ha)ve:maj ki:kamt. He will get one of these
women and live with her (one of them).

'uv N alien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: -'uvi=ga; 3rd pers sg: 'uvi=ga-j)]: sister; female
cousin (term used only by a man to refer to or address his sister or female cousin);
daughter (term used only by certain groups such as the people from 'A:ngam, Kuhadk,
and the Pima)

'uv vu Stat Expr [sgs (Neutr: indef vu 'uv; def vu 'uv=k; concurs vu 'uv-c. Interr:
vu 'uv=ka-him); pls vu 'u'uv]: to be a woman, a female
ex: Heg 'o pa u 'uv. She is an ugly (bad) girl. Heg 'o pa u 'uvkahim. She used to
be an ugly (bad) girl. Matp u o a 'uvk, mt(<kumt) 'i hu a(<va) o bei. If it is a girl,
bring her here. Vu 'o 'uvc 'am a(<va) ha'icu vu o vehejikamk. Being a girl, she
will be of some use to me.

'uv-cucul NComp indiv alien [sg (lst pers sg: -'uv-cucul=ga); pl: 'u'uv-cucul]: young
hen

'uvcud Vreflex sgs [Neutr: def 'uvc; hort 'uvcud]: to become a woman
ex: Hemu 'ut(<'at) o 'o(<'e)'uvc. Soon she will be a woman.

'uvkaj Adv: like a woman, woman-like

ex: Heg 'o 'uvkaj ha'icu cikpan. She does the work proper to a woman.

'uvkva N sg [pl: 'u'uikva]: homoseual acting the part of a woman, transvestite

'uvkvaag Stat sgs [pls: 'u'uikvaag]: to be a transvestite

ex: Heg 'o ge 'uvkvaag. He is a transvestite. Hegam 'o ge 'u'uikvaag. They are
transvestites.

'uv si:s NExpr inalien indiv [sg (lst pers sg: 'uv n-si:s)]: older sister

'uv e:pij NExpr inalien indiv [sg (lst pers sg: 'uv n-e:pij)]: younger sister; female
cousin

'uv 'ali NExpr indiv alien [sg (1st pers sg: 'uv -'ali=ga); pl (1st pers sg: 'u'uv -
'a'al=ga)]: daughter (man or woman speaking)

'uv 'alidag NExpr inalien indiv [sg (1st pers sg: 'uv -'alidag)]: daughter (man
speaking)
 540

'u'a/ 'u'akc

'u'a Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'u''a) [Neutr: indef 'u'a. Interr: 'u'a-him. Dur: 'u'a-d; concurs
'u'a-d-c]: to bring obj, to take obj along
ex: Nap 'u'a g 'elialga? Do you(sg) have your money with you? Nap 'u'a g 'ema:gina?
Do you(sg) have your car with you? Tp(<kutp) 'ea 'am a(<va) 'u'a g cu'i. Meanwhile
he had pinole with him. Vakial 'am himadc g 'esil 'u'a. The cowboy is walking taking
along his saddle. Kav a:kc 'u'a hega'i kaij. Badger is carrying those seeds in his fist
(holding them in his closed hand, is taking those seeds along). Hab juncug hega'i
bayoka c 'in 'a'ai 'u'a. He is carrying that necklace holding it in both hands. Cum hekid
'a 'u'ahim g huaom. I always take my purse along. Hek hu ma 'u'ahim g noiga c
hemu 'u(<'a) haha pi 'u'ahim. Formerly I used to take my horse along but now I don't
any more. 'An ab o si 'i 'u'ahi g ku'ag 'ana'i! Take along any kind of wood (that is)
around! 'Am hab 'u'ahimk na:nko ma:s ha'icu 'i 'a'an matps 'an ve'evec heg'oidc vo:g
After taking along all kinds of feathers which were scattered along the road ... Napt o
'u'ad g 'ehuaom? Will you(sg) be taking your purse along? a:cu 'unt(<'ant) o 'u'adc
'am o ce:g g mba:b? What shall I be taking along to show your (maternal) grandfather? --
'I 'ant gei g nsil 'u'adc. I fell without letting go of my saddle (taking my saddle along). --
'Ab me hega'i Kav a:kc 'u'adc hega'i kaij. Badger is running around carrying those
seeds in his fist.

'u'adam N subst alien sg [pl/distr 'u''adam]: war party leader

ex: ha'u'adam= their war party leader (of one group) ha'u''adam= their war party
leaders (of several groups) Vo ho(<ha)'oi g 'e'u''adam. Each one of you will go with
your respective leader.

'u'adam vu Stat: to be the war party leader of one group

ex: ... hega'i matp u ha'u'adam. ... the one who was their war party leader.

'u'adc semi Stat tr [Neutr: def indef and hort 'u'adc. Interr: 'u'adc=ka-him. Dur: 'u'adci-
d]: to hold obj
ex: 'u'adci! Hold me! N(<'an) g 'u'adcid g kostal! Be holding my purse! Nt o
a(<va) m'u'adcid. I'll hold you(sg).

'u'adcid Vdtr [Neutr: def and hort 'u'adcid. Interr: 'u'adcida-him. Dur: 'u'adcida-d]: to
hold obj for somebody
ex: Nt o a(<va) m'u'adcid g mkostal. I'll hold your bag for you(sg). 'u'adcid! Hold it
for me! Hek hu cum 'o 'u'adcidahim. Formerly, he used to carry it for me.
M(<'am) g ab 'u'adcidad! Keep on carrying it for me!

'u'ag see N inalien 'uag= marrow; brain

'u'akc semi Stat reflex [Neutr: def and indef 'e-'u'akc. Interr: 'e-u'akc=ka-him. Dur: 'e-
'u'akci-d]: to hold onto something (somewhere)
ex: M(<'am) g ab 'i 'i(<'e)'u'akcid! Keep on holding on (to it)!
 541

'u'am 'u'an

'u'am see Adj s-'uam= yellow

'u'ama Vintr pls (for sgs see 'uama) [Neutr: def 'u'amc. Interr: 'u'ama-him]: to become
yellow

'u'amad Vtr plo (for sgo see 'uamad) [Neutr: def and indef 'u'amad]: to make obj
become yellow (same as 'u'amajid)

'u'amajid Vtr plo (for sgo see 'uamajid) [Neutr: def 'u'amaj; indef and hort
'u'amajid]: to make obj become yellow (same as 'u'amad)

'u'amajida N inalien: popovers

'U'amajida-Ku'adam NComp(?): nickname for the people of the village of Kav

Vavhai (popover eaters)

'u'ame Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'u'amme) sgs (for pls see 'u'iop) [Neutr: def 'u'am/
'u'im; hort 'u'ame]: to go and pick obj (used only with aggregates and plural of
individuals; with singular of individuals and mass nouns, see behime)
ex: M(<'am) 'ant hu 'u'am g ha'icu hiosig. I went picking flowers over there. Nt o 'u'am
g bav. I'll go picking beans. Nt o 'u'am g bahidaj. I'll go picking saguaro fruits (whole
fruits). Napt 'am 'u'am g ku'ag? Did you go and get wood (at the pile)? M(<'am) g
'u'ame g ku'ag! Go and get wood (at the pile)!
'i:bhai-'u'ame VComp Unit sgs: to go and gather prickley pear fruits
'opon-'u'ame VComp Unit sgs: to go after wild spinach

'u'amma see Adv s-'uamma= yellow-like

'u'amme Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'u'ame) sgs: to go and pick obj repeatedly (used
only with aggregates and plural of individuals; with singular of individuals and mass
nouns see behimme)
ex: P hekid 'am 'i 'u'amme g bahidaj? When do you(sg) go picking saguaro fruits (whole
fruits)? Hek hu ma u 'alikc 'u'amme g ha'icu hiosig c hemu haha pi 'u'amme.
When I was a child I used to go picking flowers, but now I don't any more.

'u'an Vtr plo (for sgo see 'uan) [Neutr: def 'u'a; indef and hort 'u'an; concurs 'u'an-c]: to
erase obj
ex: Ha'u'anc 'ab haha 'ep 'o'ohon. He erases them (the words) and then writes them again.
Nt o ha'i 'i ha'u'a g 'o'ohona. I will erase some of my writing (written words).

'u'an Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'uan) [Neutr: def 'e-'u'a; indef and hort 'e-'u'an]: to
wipe oneselves (one's bottoms)
 542

'u'an/ 'u'apa

'u'an (dial: 'o'an) Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'uan) [Neutr: def 'e-'u'a]: to fade
ex: 'E'u'a 'at g ndaaiku. My chairs have faded.

'u'aid Vdtr plo (for sgo see 'uaid) [Neutr: def 'u'a; hort 'u'aid]: to erase obj for
somebody

'u'apa Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'u''apa) [Neutr: def and hort 'u'apa. Correl: 'u'apa-k;
immed: 'u'apa-ka-'i. Interr: 'u'apa-him]: to bring obj once
ex: Napt 'i 'u'apa? Did you(sg) bring it here? Heu'u, 'i 'ant 'u'apa. Yes, I brought it here.
'Am 'i bek 'an 'u'apa gn hu 'an gda:m do'ag. Having caught him, he brought him to the
top of the mountain. 'I a 'u'apa g 'e'oksga. He brought his wife here. 'I 'ant o a(<va)
'u'apa. I'll bring it here. M(<'am) 'ant o a(<va) 'u'apa. I'll take it there. M(<'am) 'ant
o a(<va) ha'u'apa. I'll take them there. 'I g ha'u'apa! Bring them here! 'U'apahim 'ac.
We are in the process of bringing it. 'I 'at 'u'apak gn hu hi:. Having brought it here, he
left. G hu hab 'i ha'u'apak 'am hato'akc. Having taken them over there he keeps them
there.

'u'apa Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'u'apa]: to get to be brought once

ex: T(<kut) o 'o(<'e)'u'apa g ku'ag. My wood will be brought.

'u'apa Vtr Unit (for Repet and Distr see 'u''apa) [Neutr: indef 'u'apa. Dur:
'u'apaa-d]: to bring obj
ex: Cum hekid 'i 'u'apa g 'edaiku. He always brings his chair along. 'I g 'u'apaad g
'edaiku! Be bringing your chair (as you usually do)! 'I g ab a(<va) 'i ha'u'apaad!
Keep on bringing them here (as you usually do)! Hega'i scuku mo 'i a 'u'apa g
mcuipa. That black fellow who delivers your groceries.

'u'apai see Vdtr 'u'apaid: to bring obj to somebody

'u'apaicid Vdtr [Neutr: def and hort 'u'apaicid. Dur: 'u'apaicida-d]: to have obj for
somebody
ex: Nt o a(<va) m'u'apaicid. I will have it for you(sg).

'u'apaid Vdtr [Neutr: def 'u'apai; hort 'u'apaid. Correl: 'u'apaid-k; immed: 'u'apaid-ka-
'i]: to bring obj to somebody
ex: Heg 'at 'i a 'u'apai. He brought it to him. 'I 'ant o a(<va) m'u'apai. I'll bring it to
you(sg). 'I g 'u'apaid! Bring it to me! M(<'am) g 'i 'u'apaidk(a'i)! Bring it over to
me (for a short while)!

'u'apa Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'u''apa): to bring obj several times in a row
 543

'u'iad/ 'u'ijid

'u'iad (contr of *'u'i'ad) Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'u:'ui[a]d) sing (for mult see 'u'u'iad)
plo (for mass o see behi'ad) [Neutr: def and hort 'u'iad. Dur: 'u'iada-d]: to get/ take one
type of obj one after the other
ex: Hehe'ekia 'amt 'i 'u'iad g mans:na? How many apples did you pick? 'Am g o 'u'iad
g 'emmans:na! Pick (and take with you) your apples! Mt haha vo 'u'iadad g mans:na.
Then, pick apples. M(<'am) g o ob(<ab) 'u'iadad g mans:na! Keep on picking
apples!

'u'ic see Vtr 'u'icug= to carry obj

'u'icug Vtr plo (for sgo see beicug) [Neutr: def 'u'ic; hort 'u'icug]: to carry obj, to get/
take obj while moving
ex: M(<'am) 'ant o 'i ha'u'ic. I'll carry them there. B(<'ab) g 'i 'u'icug! Bring them here!
M(<'am) g 'i 'u'icug 'am gvui! Take them to him!

'u'id Vdtr Unit (for Repet see 'u:'uid) plo (for sgo see behid) [Neutr: def 'u'i; hort
'u'id. Correl: 'u'id-k; immed: 'u'id-ka-'i]: to get/ take obj for somebody
ex: Gi'ik o 'u'i hega'i 'u'us! Get me four of those sticks! Kumt heg 'am o 'u'i hega'i.
You(pl) will get me those. Himk ha'i 'u'id g ku'ag! Go and get me some firewood!
Kunt 'am o jivak o 'u'i g 'a:'acij. I'll go and delouse him (get his lice for him).

'u'idag s- Stat tr plo (for sgo and mass o see s-behidag): to be good at picking obj
ex: Pi 'i 'u'idag g nala. I am not good at picking oranges.

'u'idame Vdtr Unit (for Repet see 'u'idamme) sgs plo (for sgo or mass o see
behidame) [Neutr: def 'u'idam; hort 'u'idame]: to go and pick obj for somebody
ex: M(<'am) 'at hu ha'u'idam g nala. He/they went to pick oranges for somebody.
M(<'am) g hu ha'u'idame g nala! Go (you sg) and pick oranges for somebody!
M(<'am) g o hu ha'u'idame g nala! Go (you pl) and pick oranges for somebody!

'u'idamme Vdtr Repet (for Unit see 'u'idame) plo (for mass o see behida-
mme): to go and get obj for somebody
ex: M(<'am) 'ac hu ha'u'idamme g nala. We repeatedly go and pick oranges for
somebody.

'u'iddam in ha'icu ha-'u'iddam subst NExpr aggreg [distr: ha'icu ha-'u''iddam]:

one(s) whose job is to pick something for somebody
mans:na ha-'u'iddam subst NExpr aggreg [distr: mans:na ha-'u''iddam]: apple
picker(s)
nala ha-'u'iddam subst NExpr aggreg: orange picker(s)

'u'ijid Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-behijid): to get captured

 544

'u'im/ 'u'u

'u'im see Vtr 'u'ame= to go and pick obj

'u'im s- Vsubst tr plo (for sgo or masso see s-behim): to feel like getting obj
ex: Pi g o a 'i hama:k cum 'as he'ekia snamkig ha'icu o 'emma:k o sha'u'im hegam
'emooiga! Don't (you pl) give them(your pets) to them, no matter the amount of
precious things they give you in order to get your pets!

'u'ima s- N subst tr plo (for sgo or masso see s-behima): to appear to have taken obj
along
ex: Nt 'am hab s'u'ima. I thought I had taken them along.

'u'iop Vtr pls (for sgs see 'u'ame) [Neutr: def 'u'io]: to go and pick obj (used only
with aggregates and plural of individuals, with singular of individual and with mass
nouns see behiop)
ex: Tt(<kutt) o 'u'io g bahidaj. We'll go picking saguaro fruits (whole fruits). M(<'am) g
o 'u'iop g ku'ag! Go (you pl) and get wood (at the pile)!

'u'u Vtr Unit (for Repet see 'u''u; for Distr see 'u:'u) plo (for sgo or masso see behe)
[Neutr: def 'ui; hort 'u:[-'i]; imper sgs 'u'i-, pls 'u'i-vo; indef 'u'u. Correl: 'u'u-k; immed:
'u'u-ka-'i. Compl: 'u'i-ok; immed 'u'i-oka-'i. Interr: 'u'i-him. Dur: 'u'u-d]: to get, take obj
ex: Ha'i 'ant ha'ui g 'o'ohon. I got some letters. M(<'am) 'ant o ga: g cikpan k o ha'i 'ui g
lial heghekaj 'am o 'i kegcul g tki:dag. I'll look for a job and get some money in order to
improve our standard of living. 'Ea hek hu s'ap 'ui g ginsku. Meanwhile, he already
was holding the ginsku sticks ready.-- M(<'am) 'ant o 'i 'ui g 'o'ohon Sisters haki: vui. I'll
take the books to the Sisters' house. B(<'ab) g 'i 'u:'i g nu:k! Pass (me) my shoes!
B(<'ab) g 'i 'u'iok g nu:k haha vo dahiva! Get (me) my shoes before you sit down!
M(<'am) g hu ha'u'uka'i! Take them along with you (there)! B(<'ab) g 'i ha'u'uka'ik 'i o
ma:! Bring them (to me) and give them to me! Tt(<kutt) o ho(<ha) 'u'uk o hihi. We'll
get them and go. 'Am 'i ha'u'uk 'i ha'ui. He caught them and took them along. G 'i
'u'ihim g ha'icu hiosig! Pick flowers on the way (as you go along)! Ku 'an ab ha'u'ihim
g ha:pod. He was just catching the arrows (which were coming from all directions, one
after another). Ku hab 'evuadc 'an ab ha'u'u hega'i ha:pod. What he was doing was
merely to catch those arrows (hearsay). P hekid 'i 'u'u g bahidaj? When do you(sg) pick
saguaro fruits (whole fruits)? P hekid 'i 'u'u g 'eku'ag? When do you get your firewood
(at the pile)? M(<'am) g ab 'i 'u'ud g ku'ag! Keep on getting firewood (at the pile)!
Hei(<hea'i) 'ab o ha'u'ud g 'a'al? Who will be bringing the children back? 'An ab
ha'u'udc haa:kc. He just caught them (with one hand) and held them in his fist.
ha-'u'u g vaptob VExpr: to fish (to get/ catch fishes)
ex: D(<g) 'ant hu 'i gei u:dagc'e 'am cum ha'u'udc g vaptob. I fell in the water as I
was trying to fish.-- Pi g ha'u'ud g vaptob. Don't be fishing.

'u'u Vtr plo (for sgo see behe) [Neutr: def 'ui]: to capture obj
ex: T'ui 'amt. We were captured (someone captured us).
 545

'u'u/ 'u'ujigid

'u'u Vreflex [Neutr: def 'e-'ui; hort 'e-'u:[-'i]: to get married to each other
ex: T o 'o(<'e)'ui. They are going to get married to each other (hearsay). 'E-g-o-
'o(<'e)'u'i! Get Married to each other!

'u'u Vreflex pls [Neutr: def 'e-'ui; indef 'e-'u'u]: to get to be taken, chosen, obtained
ex: C ababa 'al he'ekia vo 'e'ui. But few will be chosen. ... Mo 'am 'e'u'u ciandac'e. ...
(cigarettes are) that which is obtained at the store.

'u'u N alien aggreg [distr: 'u''u]; arrow point(s), bullet(s), cartridge(s)

'u'u N: name of a basket design

'u'ucud Vtr [Neutr: def 'u'uc; hort 'u'ucud]: to make (an) arrow point(s) for obj

'u'udam in ha'icu ha-'u'udam NExpr aggreg [distr: ha'icu ha-'u''udam]: one(s)

whose job is to catch something
vaptob ha-'u'udam NExpr [distr: vaptob ha-'u''udam]: fisherman, a group of
fishermen

'u'uuvhag Stat impers Distr: there are cattails in several places

ex: 'Am 'o 'u'uuvhag. Down there, cattails grow in scattered bunches (there are cattails in
various places).

'u'uuvhag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of cattails in several locations

'u'uvisag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of grape vines in several locations

'u'ug see Adj 'u:g= high

'u'uga Stat Unit (for Distr see 'u''uga): to have (an) arrow point(s), (a) bullet(s)
ex: Nap ha'i 'u'uga? Do you(sg) have some arrow points?

'u'ugcu see N alien 'u:gcu= leader, headman

'u'ugcuga see Stat Expr vu 'u:gcuga= to be somebody's leader, headman
'u'uikva see N 'uvkva= transvestite

'u'ujigid/'u'ujugid (dial: 'u'ugjid) Vtr plo (for sgo see 'ujigid) [Neutr: def 'u'ujig;
indef and hort 'u'ujigid]: to shake obj
ex: Hevel si ha'u'ujigid g kukui. The wind is shaking the trees hard.
 546

'u'ujigi/ 'u'upaag

'u'ujigid/'u'ujugid (dial: 'u'ugjid) Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'ujigid) [Neutr: def 'e-
'u'ujig; indef and hort 'e-'u'ujigid]: to shake/ move a part of one's body
ex: Pi g o 'om(<'am) hu 'e'u'ujigid g 'ekakkio! Don't shake your(pl) legs!

'u'ujig see Vtr 'ujigid= to shake/ move obj

'u'ujuk Vintr sgs (for pls see 'u:'ujuk) [Neutr: def 'u'uju; indef 'u'ujuk. Interr:
'u'ujuk[a]-him. Dur: 'u'ujuka-d]: to shake
ex: Jevu 'at 'u'uju. The earth shook. Jevu 'at o 'u'uju. The earth will shake. Jevu 'o
hasko 'om(<'am) 'u'ujuk. The ground is shaking somewhere. Jevu 'at 'am o si
'u'ujukad. The ground will be shaking hard. Hek hu 'o 'u'ujuk[a]him g jevu. Long ago
the ground shook.

'u'uka'i see Vtr 'u'u= to get, take obj

'u'ukc semi Stat tr Unit (for Distr see 'u:'ukc) [Neutr: def and indef 'u'ukc; imper sgs
'u'ukci-. Interr: 'u'ukc=ka-him. Dur: 'u'ukci-d]: to hold/ be the carrier of obj
ex: 'U'ukc 'a g nel. I have a (my) permit. Nap 'u'ukc g 'eel? Do you(sg) have a (your)
permit? 'U'ukckahim 'a g nel, ntk ababa hebhu vua. I used to have a permit but I
lost it. N(<'an) g 'u'ukcid g kostal! Be holding my bag! Nt o a(<va) m'u'ukcid. I'll be
holding you(sg). Pi kegaj 'i:da'a mumuval, 'u'ukc g mumkidag c cum hascu 'iajid. Flies
are no good; they carry diseases and are on everything.

'u'ukc semi Stat reflex [def and indef 'e-'u'ukc. Interr: 'e-'u'ukc=ka-him. Dur: 'e-'u'ukci-
d]: to hold on somewhere
ex: N(<'an) g ab 'i 'i(<'e)'u'ukcid! Keep on holding on (to it)!

'u'uk see N inalien 'u:k= calf of the leg

'u'ulugid Vtr plo (for sgo see 'ulugid) [Neutr: def 'u'ulug; hort and indef 'u'ulugid]: to
rock obj

'u'um see N inalien 'um= thigh

'u'umhaag N: feathers on arrow

'u'umugag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of sotol in several places

'u'upa see N 'u:pa= catclaw

'u'upaag s- Stat impers Distr: to be full of catclaws in several locations

 547

'u'upam/ 'u'usko

'u'upam see Adv 'u:pam= back (to where one comes from)
'u'upio see N 'u:pio= skunk

'u'upiog s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of skunks in one location

ex: 'Am 'ok s'u'upiog. It is full of skunks down there (evidential).

'u'upul s- Stat: to have lots of warts

ex: S'u'upul 'o. He has lots of warts.

'u'upulig see N inalien 'upulig= wart

'u'us see N alien 'u:s= stick, pole, post; twigs, bushes; tree

'u'us N: forest, woods

ex: 'An 'i dadec 'am 'i huhuuk 'u'usc'e c 'an 'u:pam 'i 'ep dadec g hu jijivha 'eki: 'am.
(The bird) flies and goes down into the woods and flies again back to where it started
from and arrives back at its home.

'u'usagat Vtr mult (for sing see 'usagat): to make staffs/ double-ball sticks out of obj

'u'us-babaviga s- Stat Comp Distr (for Unit see s-'u'us-baviga): to have a lot of
black-eyed beans

'u'us-baviga Stat Comp: to have black-eyed beans

ex: Nap ha'i 'u'us-baviga? Do you have some black-eyed beans? Nap ge 'u'us-baviga?
Do you have any black-eyed beans?

'u'us-baviga s- Stat Comp Unit (for Distr see s-'u'us-babviga): to have a lot of
black-eyed beans
ex: Heg 'o s'u'us-baviga. He has lots of black-eyed beans.

'u'us-bav NComp aggreg alien [(lst pers sg: -'u'us-bavi=ga); distr: 'u'us-bav]: black-
eyed beans

'u'usga see Stat 'u:sga= to have a tree, pole, post, stick

'u'usig see Stat impers s-'u:sig= to be full of bushes in one location

'u'uskon Vtr plo (for sgo see 'uskon) [Neutr: def 'u'usko; hort and indef 'u'uskon]: to
stick, impale, obj (on the end of a pole)

'u'uskonaku see N 'uskonaku= pitchfork

'u'usko see Stat intr 'usko= to be impaled/ stuck (on the end of a pole)
 548

'u'us-/ 'u'uvhimel

'u'us-oonjun see NComp 'u:s-onjul= peg, stake

'u'ut Vtr [Neutr: def and hort 'u'ut]: to make (an) arrow point(s) out of obj
ex: Nt o ha'i 'u'ut. I'll make some arrow points.

'u'uv-hahalig s- Stat Comp impers Distr (for Unit see s-'u:v-halig): to be full of
melons, cantaloupes in several locations

'u'uvhig N alien aggreg [distr: 'u''uvhig]: bird(s)

ex: Hema 'a eid g 'u'uvhig ma 'ab him. I saw one bird as I was coming. Ha'i 'a
haeid g 'u'uvhig ma 'ab him. I saw some birds as I was coming. Mu'ikpa 'a haeid
g 'u''uvhig ma 'ab him. In many places I saw birds as I was coming.
hohog-'u'uvhig NComp aggreg: Yaqui quail(s)

'u'uvhig vu Stat Expr: to be (a) bird(s)

ex: No (<vu) 'u'uvhig? Is it a bird/are they birds? K has mas 'o (<vu) 'u'uvhig?
What kind of a bird is it? Hi va hascu 'atp u 'i 'u'uvhig pi 'i ma:c. Exactly what
variety of birds they were, I don't know.

'u'uvhig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'u''uvhig): to be full of birds in one
location
ex: 'Am 'o s'u'uvhig. It is full of birds down there.

'u'uvhigcud Vreflex [Neutr: def 'u'uvhigc; hort 'u'uvhigcud. Interr: 'u'uvhigcuda-him]:

to turn into a bird
ex: 'Ab 'i 'i(<'e)'u'uvhigcudahi. He turned into a bird (a little bit at a time).

'u'uvhig-nonha NComp aggreg: bird's egg(s)

'u'uvhig e'i NExpr (?): bird song used for curing

'u'uvhig oiga NExpr inalien [(lst pers sg: 'u'uvhig n-oiga); pl: 'u'uvhig ooiga]: pet
bird

'u'uvhig oiga Stat Expr sing [mult: 'u'uvhig ooiga]: to have a pet bird
ex: Nap ge 'u'uvhig oiga? Do you(sg) have a bird (as a pet)?

'u'uvhig-vi:g NComp(?) mass: bird down

'u'uvhimel see N alien 'uvhimel= velvet ant

 549

'u'uvig/ 'u''apa

'u'uvig s- Stat impers Unit: to be full of women in a single location

ex: 'Am 'o s'u'uvig. It is full of women down there.

'u'uviga see Stat 'uviga= to have a sister

'u'uviga s- Stat: to have many sisters (said only of a man)

ex: Heg 'o s'u'uviga. He has many sisters.

'u'uvimak s- Stat: to be an accomplished woman

ex: Heg 'o s'u'uvimak. She is an accomplished woman. Hegam 'o s'u'uvimak. They are
accomplished women.

'u'uvimk see Stat s-'uvimk= to be a womanizer

'u'uv see N alien 'uv= female, woman; sister, female cousin; daughter
'u'u see N inalien 'u:= stinger

'u'ucud Vtr mult (for sing see 'u:cud) [Neutr: def 'u'uc; indef 'u'ucud]: to make
arrow heads for obj

'u'udag see N 'u:dag= arrow head of

'u'uabdag see Stat s-'uabdag= to have a lot of gum, resin
'u'uab see N aggreg 'uab= gum, resin, pitch, glue

'u'u'iad (met of *'u'ui'ad) Vtr Unit (for Distr see 'u:'ui[a]d) mult (for sing see 'u'iad)
plo (for masso see behi'ad): to get/ take several types of obj one after the other

'u''a Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'u'a): to bring obj, to take obj along
ex: Nam ha'u''a g 'emamagina? Does each one of you have his car with him?

'u''adam see N subst 'u'adam= war party leader

'u''apaVtr Distr (for Unit see 'u'apa) [Neutr: def and hort 'u''apa]: to bring obj
ex: 'I 'at ha'u''apa g 'edaddaiku. Each one of them brought his chair.

'u''apa Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'u'apa): to bring obj repeatedly
ex: Mo hekid 'i a jijjivhac 'i a 'u''apa g hejel 'edaiku. Every time he comes here, he
brings his own chair.

'u''apa Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'u'apa) [Neutr: def and hort 'u''apa. Dur: 'u''apaa-
d]: to bring obj
ex: 'I g o ho(<ha)'u''apaad g 'edaddaiku! Each one of you, be bringing your chairs!
 550

'u''apa/ 'u:vis

'u''apa Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'u'apa) [Neutr: indef 'u''apa]: to bring obj several
times in a row repeatedly
ex: Mo hekid 'i a jijjivhac 'i a ha'icu 'u''apa. Every time he comes, he brings something.
Mo hekid 'i a hema 'i jijjivhac 'i a ' u''apa hega'i matp hascu o 'i hama:. Every time
somebody comes here, he brings a present (for someone).

'u''u see N alien 'u'u= arrow(s); bullet(s), cartridge(s)

'u''u Vtr Repet (for Unit see 'u'u) plo (for sgo or masso see bebbhe) [Neutr: indef
'u''u. Correl: 'u''u-k. Interr 'u''u-him. Dur: 'u''u-d]: to get/ take obj repeatedly
ex: Heg 'o 'ob(<'ab) 'i ha'u''u g 'a'al. He brings back the children (repeatedly). Heg 'o
'ob(<'ab) 'i t'u''u. He brings us back. Mo hekid 'i a jijjivha g Kenneth 'an 'u''u g ya:v
ma to'avc gm hu hihim. Every time Kenneth comes he gets the key where I put it (on top
of something) as I go out. Hei(<hea'i) 'ab o 'i ha'u''ud g 'a'al? Who will be bringing
the children back? 'Ab o 'i ha'u''u g 'edaddaiku! Each one of you will bring his chair
repeatedly! 'Am ha'u''udc 'am cum hadad. Grabbing them repeatedly, he tried in vain
to put them there. Ho'idaj 'ab 'u''udc 'ab hahu:p. One after the other, they grab its
stickers and pull them out. K 'in haha 'i cum ha'u''uhi g 'eooiga. And then, each one
of them tries repeatedly to catch his horse. 'Am haha ha'u''uk 'am 'i havuhas g 'eko'odc.
Then, he picked his kills one by one and took them out.

'u''uga Stat Distr (for Unit see 'u'uga): to have arrow points, bullets
ex: Nam ge 'u''uga? Does each one of you(pl) have arrow points?

'u''usig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'u:sig): to be full of trees in several
locations

'u''uskonaku see N 'uskonaku= fork; pitchfork

'u''uvhig see N 'u'uvhig= bird(s)

'u''uvhig s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-'u'uvhig): to be full of birds in various
locations
ex: S'u''uvhig 'o 'an vopoa 'oidk. It is full of birds along the valleys.

'u:-

'u:vis N alien/ inalien aggreg [distr: 'u'uvis]: grape vine; grapes

ex: Nt o ho(<ha) navai g 'u:visga. I'll make wine out of my grapes. Nap sna:k g
'u:vis? Do you like grapes? Ha'i 'a haeid g 'u:vis ma 'ab him. I saw some grape
vines (or grapes) in one location, as I was coming.
 551

'u:visag/ 'u:gk-

'u:visag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'u'uvisag): to be full of grape vines,
grapes, in one location

'u:vis navait NExpr alien/inalien [1st pers sg -'u:vis/ 'u:vis=ga navait]: wine

'u:vis 'oidag NExpr inalien: [ reflex: 'u:vis 'e-'oidag]: vineyard

ex: 'am 'u:vis 'e'oidag veheji= from one's own vineyard.

'u:g Adj sg [pl: 'u'ug]: high

ex: Hega'i 'u:g do'ag hab u Giho-Do'ag. That high mountain is called Giho Do'ag.

'u:g Stat sgs [pls: 'u'ug]: to be high

ex: Hega'i do'ag 'o 'u:g. That mountain is high. Hegam do:da'ag 'o 'u'ug. Those
mountains are high.

'u:gcu N alien [sg (lst pers pl: t-'u:gcu=ga); pl: 'u'ugcu; distr: 'u''ugcu]: leader, headman
ex: Vo ho(<ha)'oi g 'e'u:'ucuga. Each one of you will follow his respective leader.

'u:gcu in si 'u:gcu Adj Adj Expr sg: greatest, highest

ex: D(<vu) 'o si 'u:gcu Jio-pionag. He is the greatest prophet (God's servant)

'u:gcuga vu Stat Expr sgs [pls: vu 'u'ugcuga]: to be somebody's leader, headman

ex: D(<vu) 'o t'u:gcuga. He is our leader. Heg 'am u ha'u:gcuga 'ama'i. He is their
leader, down there. M(<'am) heg seidam hega'i matp u 'em'u:gcuga. l would like to
see the one who is (might be) your(pl) leader.

'u:gk Adv [distr: 'u:'ugk]: high up

ex: Hega'i 'u:s gn hu ke:k 'u:gk. That tree stands high up over there (on a mountain).
Kumt 'am 'u:gk o 'i eia. Look (you pl) upward. Gn hu 'u:gk him hega'i ba'ag. That
eagle is flying high up. Gn hu 'u:'ugk hihim hegam ba:ba'ag. Each one of those eagles
is flying high up.

'u:gka Vintr sgs (for pls see 'u:'ugka) [Neutr: def 'u:gka. Interr: 'u:gka-him]: to get
higher up
ex: T(<kut) 'i 'u:gka. He is higher up. T(<kut) 'i 'u:'ugka. They are higher up. Ba'ag
'o 'u:gkahim. The eagle is getting higher up.

'u:gk-dadedam NComp alien indiv sg [pl: 'u'ugk-e'edam]: airplane (same as 'u:gk-

da'adam or 'u:gk-himdam)

'u:gk-himdam NComp alien indiv [sg (lst pers sg -'u:g-himdam=ga); pl: 'u'ugk-
hihhimdam]: airplane (same as 'u:gk-dadedam or 'u:gk-da'adam)
 552

'u:gkji/ 'u:pam

'u:gkji Adv [distr: 'u:'ugkji]: from high up

ex: Ga hu 'u:gkji 'i gei. He/it fell from high up. Ga hu 'u:'ugkji 'i ul. Each of them
dropped from high up.

'u:k N inalien sg [sg (3rd pers sg: 'u:ka-j); pl: 'u'uk]: calf of the leg

'u:ka N: the brush house of the Vi:gida ceremony

'u:ka N inalien sg [pl: 'u:'uka]: brush or temporary house or shack (such as the
cooking place next to the house); windbreak

'u:kag Stat impers sing [mult: 'u:'ukag]: there is a temporary house (somewhere)
ex: 'Am ge 'u:kag. There is a temporary house down there (unexpectedly). Ha'as
'u:kag. There is a big temporary house. Haha'as 'i 'u:'ukag. There are big temporary
houses.

'u:kas Stat impers tr: to be built out of obj (a shack)

ex: Ma'main 'ab 'u:kas. It (the shack) is built out of mats.

'u:kat Vtr sing (for mult see 'u:'ukat): to build a temporary house out of obj
ex: 'U:kata! Build a temporary house! Ga hu hab ha'ap ab 'am 'u:katk g'ea 'ab
daha hegam 'u'uv. After building a temporary house across (from his house), they stay
in it, those women.

'u:li N: rubber
ex: 'I 'eva'u g 'u:li. Rubber stretches Sjuhag 'o g 'u:li. Rubber is fleible.

'u:pa N alien indiv [pl: 'u'upa]: catclaw (Acacia greggi:)

ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'u'upa ma 'ab him. I saw some catclaw as I was coming.

'u:paag s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'u'upaag): to be full of catclaws in one
location

'u:pam (dial: 'uhum) Adv [distr: 'u'upam]: back to where one comes from
ex: 'E-'et(<'at)-'ai mant 'am o hi: 'u:pam. It is time for me to go back. 'Am 'u'upam hihi.
They each went back (to their respective homes). Nt o 'i no 'u:pam. I'll turn back. 'Im
hu 'u:pam 'ep ju:jp jevu veco. They sank back again below the ground (where they
had come from). Kutt heg'ab pi vo tnako mats 'u:pam u o do:dakamk. Because of that
we will not be able to go back to being alive (living beings). Napt o 'u:pam bei? Do you
want it back? M(<'am) g 'u:pam toa'i mi:sa da:m. Put them back on the table. Nt
a(<va) 'im 'u:pam ha'ahog 'i vua. I relived the recent past.
 553

'u:pio/ 'u:v

'u:pio N alien sg [pl: 'u'upio]: skunk

ex: 'u:pio noiga= my pet skunk Ha'i 'a haeid g 'u'upio ma 'ab him. I saw some
skunks as I was coming.

'u:s N alien indiv [sg (3rd pers sg: 'u:s=ga-j; loc: 'u:s-t-'ab; instr: 'u:s-kaj); pl: 'u'us]:
stick, post, pole; bush, twig, tree
ex: 'ab 'u:st'ab= against the tree-- 'u:sgaj g Huan= John's tree.-- 'U:st'an 'o da. He is sitting
on a tree. 'E'u:sga 'an 'o da. He is sitting on his (own) tree. --B(<'ab) g ha'i ha'o:min g
'u'us. Break off some sticks (twigs). gevita 'at g 'u:skaj. He beat me with a stick.

'u:s N: yard
ex: cu:dp 'u:s= six yards

'u:sba N: a bush (deceased bush); the berries of that bush

'u:sga Stat [sing: 'u:sga; mult: 'u'usga]: to have a tree/pole/post

ex: Skeg 'ap 'u:sga. You have a beautiful tree. a:p ma:s 'u'usga? What kind of trees
(posts) do you have?

'u:s-gat NComp alien [1st pers sg -'u:s-gat=ga]: bow

'u:sig/ 'u'usig s- Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-'u''usig): to be full of bushes in one
location
ex: G hu 'am ge s'u'usig, 'am hema vo'o g vama. Over there where there are lots of
bushes (unexpectedly), a snake is lying.

'u:s-jevupa NComp: name of a bush

'u:s on NExpr [sg (loc: 'u:s on 'ab) pl: 'u'us hao:on]: base of a tree

'u:s-onjun NComp indiv inalien [sg (loc: 'u:s-onjun-t-'ab); pl: 'u'us-oonjun]: peg,
stake

'u:v hab/has Stat Expr [Neutr: indef hab/has 'u:v; def hab/has 'u:vk. Interr: hab/has
'u:v=ka-him. Dur: hab/has 'u:v=ka-d]: with hab: to have a certain (specified) smell ; with
has: to have a certain (unspecified) smell
ex: Heg 'o hab 'u:v mapt 'ida 'ep ha'u'apa g hemajkam. It smells of the people whom you
have just brought back. Heg 'o hab 'u:v hega'i. That is what it smells of. Kus hascu
hab o 'u:vkad? What kind of a smell will it be? K hab 'u:v mac hemu 'in hevgid g
je:jena. And it smelled like when now we inhale tobacco smoke. Pi 'o has 'u:v. It does
not have any smell.
 554

'u:v/ 'u:

s-doakam 'u:v Stat Expr: to smell of something alive

ex: a 'a(<'o) va 'i sdoakam 'u:v. It smells of something alive.
s-[h]a'i 'u:v Stat Expr: to have a strong smell
s-viv 'u:v Stat Expr: to smell of tobacco
ex: Sviv 'o 'u:v. It smells of tobacco.
s-'o'odham 'u:v Stat Expr: to smell of human being
ex: S'o'odham 'o 'u:v. It smells of human beings. M (<'am) 'a hevgid a 'a(<'o) va 'i
s'o'odham 'u:v 'i:ya'a. I smell a strong human smell here.
s-'uam 'u:v Stat Expr: to stink (to smell yellow)
ex: S'uam 'o 'u:v g 'u:pio. A skunk stinks.
'ap 'u:v s-Stat Expr: to smell good
ex: S'ap 'o 'u:v. It smells good.
'i'ovim 'u:v s-Stat Expr: to smell sweet tasting

'u:vadag in ha'icu 'u:vadag NExpr: smell of something

hihido-'u:vadag NComp: smell of cooked food

'u:vadaj N inalien: smell of a specific entity (its smell)

'u:valig in ha'icu 'u:valig NExpr: characteristic smell of something

kavyu-'u:valig NComp: horse smell
kui-'u:valig NComp: mesquite smell
egai-'u:valig NComp: creosote bush smell

'U:valig Maad NExpr: the month of January (the month during which deer have a
particular smell)

'u:v-hal NComp aggreg alien [(lst pers sg: 'u:v-hal=ga); distr: 'u'uv-hahal]: melon,
cantaloupe
ex: Ha'i 'a haeid g 'u:v-hal 'am m'oidag 'e. I saw some melons in your field.

'u:v-halig s- Stat Comp impers Unit (for Distr see s-'u'uv-hahalig): to be full of
melons, cantaloupes in one location
ex: 'Am 'o s'u:v-halig 'am m'oidag 'e. It is full of melons in your field.

'u: N inalien [sg (3rd pers sg: 'u:a-j); pl: 'u'u]: stinger (of a scorpion or bee)

'u: N alien [sg (3rd pers sg 'u:=ga-j); pl: 'u'u]: arrow head

'u: Stat sgs [pls: 'u'u]: to have a stinger

ex: Nagel 'o ge 'u:. A scorpion has a stinger. Nanagel 'o ge 'u'u. Scorpions have
stingers.
 555

'u:/ 'u:'uid

'u: Stat sing [mult: 'u'u]: to have an arrow head

ex: Nap ge 'u'u? Do you(sg) have arrow heads?

'u:cud Vtr sing (for mult see 'u'ucud) [Neutr: def 'u:c]: to make an arrow head for
obj

'u:dag in vuihom-'u:dag NComp indiv [pl: vuihom-'u'udag]: name of certain

rocks (they have the shape of arrow heads and are said to occur in places where lightning
has struck)

'u:'i see Vtr 'u'u= to get obj

'u:'u Vtr Distr (for Unit see 'u'u; for Repet see 'u''u) plo (for mass o see be:bhe)
[Neutr: def and indef 'u:'u. Dur: 'u:'u-d; concurs 'u:'u-d-c]: to get/ take obj
ex: Hehe'ekia 'amt 'i 'u:'u g mansa:na? How many apples did each one of you pick?
'Amt 'am o 'u:'u g busses k 'am o tna:nam 'ama'i. Each one of you will catch your
respective busses and will meet us over there. B(<'ab) haha vo 'i ha'i 'u:'u g 'edoddakam
'a'asugalga. Each one of you will bring some of his sugar lumps. M(<'am) g o ob(<ab)
'i 'u:'ud g mans:na. Each one of you keep on picking apples. 'Am ha'u:'udc 'am hadad.
He picked them up one after the other and put them there. K hei(<hea'i) 'ab 'i ha'u:'u
g m'a'alga? Who brings your children home one after the other? K hei(<hea'i) 'ab 'i
'em'u:'u? Who brings you(pl) home one after the other? B(<'ab) o 'i ha'u:'ud g 'a'al.
Bring the children home one after the other!

'u:'ugk see Adv 'u:gk= high up

'u:'ugka Vintr pls (for sgs see 'u:gka): to get higher up

'u:'ugkji see Adv 'u:gkji= from high up

'u:'ui[a]d (contr of *'u:'ui'ad) Vtr Distr (for Unit sing see 'u'iad, mult see 'u'u'iad)
plo (for mass o see behi'ad and be:bheiad) [Neutr: def and hort 'u:'ui[a]d]: to get/
take obj one after the other
ex: Mt o gi'igik 'u:'uid g 'u'us. Each one of you will get me four sticks. M(<'am) g o hu
gi'igik 'u:'uid g 'u'us. Each one of you, pick me four sticks over there.

'u:'uid Vdtr Repet (for Unit see 'u'id) plo (for sgo see bebbheid) [Neutr: indef
'u:'uid. Interr: 'u:'uidahim. Dur: 'u:'uida-d]: to get/ take obj for somebody repeatedly
ex: K hei(<hea'i) 'ab 'i m'u:'uid g m'a'alga? Who brings your children home for you?
Heg 'o 'ob(<'ab) 'i 'u:'uid. He brings them home for me. Mo hekid 'i a jijjivha g
Kenneth 'ab 'i 'u:'uid g 'o'ohon. Every time Kenneth comes he brings me my mail.
Hei (<hea'i) 'ib(<'ab) o 'i m'u:'uidad? Who will be bringing them for you?
 556

'u:'uidame/ 'u:'ulinhog

'u:'uidame Vdtr Distr (for Unit see 'u'uidame) plo (for mass o see be:bheido)
[Neutr: def 'u:'uidam; hort 'u:'uidame]: to go and pick obj for somebody
ex: M(<'am) 'at hu ha'u:'uidam g nala. Each of them went to pick oranges for somebody
(in different locations) M(<'am) g o hu ha'u:'uidame g nala! Each one of you go and
pick oranges for somebody (in different places)!

'u:'ujuk Vintr pls (for sgs see 'u'ujuk) [Neutr: indef 'u:'ujuk]: to shake
ex: 'U'us 'o 'u:'ujuk. The trees are shaking.

'u:'ukc semi Stat tr Distr (for Unit see 'u'ukc) [Neutr: def and indef 'u:'ukc. Interr:
'u:'ukc=ka-him. Dur: 'u:'ukci-d]: to hold/ be the carrier of obj
ex: Nam 'u:'ukc g 'eel? Does each one of you hold a permit? Tp(<kutp) 'ea 'in a(<va)
'ep 'u:'ukc g hejel 'e'o'ovopcka c 'ab je:. But once more, each one of them was holding
his own cigarette and smoked it.

'u:'uka see N inalien 'u:ka= temporary house made of brush or mats

'u:'ukag see Stat 'u:kag= there is a temporary house somewhere

'u:'ukat Vtr mult (for sing see 'u:kat): to build temporary houses out of obj

'u:'ulin in 'i 'u:'ulin g 'e-no:nhai VExpr pls (for sgs see 'i 'ulin g 'e-nov): to
raise/ extend one's hand
ex: S'a'apkoji 'eno:nhai 'ab o 'i 'u:'ul! Extend your(pl) right hands! 'U:gk 'u:'ulin g
'eno:nhai! Hands up!

'u:'ulin Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'ulin) [Neutr: def 'e-'u:'ul]: to settle somewhere
ex: 'I 'att o t'u:'ul Covered-Wellst'ab. We are going to settle here in Covered Wells.
e:k, e:k ga hu hada:m 'i 'i(<'e)'u:'ul. Having flown, flown, they hovered (settled)
above them.

'u:'ulinc semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see 'ulinc): to have obj aimed
ex: Hegam 'o 'u:'ulinc g 'egagt. They are aiming their guns.

'u:'ulinc semi Stat tr plo (for sgo see 'ulinc): to have obj in a handed out position
ex: 'Am 'o ha'i 'u:'ulinc g 'esigalga. He is handing out some of his cigarettes.

'u:'ulinhogid Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'ulinhogid) [Neutr: def 'e-'u:'ulinhog; indef
and hort 'e-'u:'ulinhogid]: to rest, take a rest
ex: 'E'u:'ulinhogid 'o. They are taking a rest. 'Am o a 'i 'i(<'e)'u:'ulinhogidk 'am o a 'i
dahaiva. They will sit down a while after they rest a while.

'u:'ulinhog see Stat s-'ulinhog= to be rested

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'u:'uliid/ 'u:'uliid

'u:'uliid Vdtr plo (for sgo see 'uliid) [Neutr: def 'u:'uli; hort 'u:'uliid]: to hand out
obj to somebody
ex: B(<'ab) g 'i 'u:'uliid! Hand them out to me!

'u:'ulig see Stat 'ulig= to be delayed, detained

'u:'uli Vreflex pls (for sgs see 'e-'uli) [Neutr: indef 'e-'u:'uli]: to settle somewhere
again and again
ex: Cum hekid 'o 'om (<'am) 'e'u:'uli mo 'om (<'am) u:dag. They always settle where
there is water.

END OF VOLUME II
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