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Coagulation and Flocculation

The document provides design parameters for a conventional vertical-shaft rapid mix tank unit used to disperse coagulant in water. The solution involves calculating tank dimensions, impeller diameter, paddle dimensions, number of paddles, clearance from bottom, and power requirements based on the given parameters. The tank diameter is 2m, height is 1.47m, impeller diameter is 0.8m, each of the 12 paddles is 0.2m x 0.15m, and a 1kW motor is required to drive the impeller at 45 rpm.

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Justine Daquioag
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262 views2 pages

Coagulation and Flocculation

The document provides design parameters for a conventional vertical-shaft rapid mix tank unit used to disperse coagulant in water. The solution involves calculating tank dimensions, impeller diameter, paddle dimensions, number of paddles, clearance from bottom, and power requirements based on the given parameters. The tank diameter is 2m, height is 1.47m, impeller diameter is 0.8m, each of the 12 paddles is 0.2m x 0.15m, and a 1kW motor is required to drive the impeller at 45 rpm.

Uploaded by

Justine Daquioag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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Coagulation and Flocculation

Design a conventional vertical-shaft rapid mix tank unit for uniformly dispersing coagulant in 10 MLD
of settled raw water as per design parameters given below:

Detention time (t): 20 – 60 s


Ratio of tank height (H) to diameter (D): (1:1 to 1:3)
Ratio of impeller diameter (DI) to tank diameter (D): (0.2:1 to 0.4:1)
Velocity gradient (G): > 300 /s
Gt: 10000 – 20000
Tank diameter (D): <3m
Paddle tip speed (vp): 1.75 – 2.0 m/s
Velocity of paddle relative to water (v): 0.75 × paddle tip speed
Paddle area (Ap)/Tank section area (AT): 10:100 – 20:100
Coefficient of drag on impeller blade (CD): 1.8
Maximum length of each impeller blade (L): 0.25 × impeller diameter
Maximum width of impeller blade (B): 0.20 × impeller diameter
Impeller height from bottom (HB): 1.0 × impeller diameter
Kinematic viscosity (): 1.003 × 10-6 m2/s
Dynamic viscosity of water (): 1.002 × 10-3 Ns/m2

Determine tank dimensions (provide a freeboard of 0.5 m), impeller diameter, paddle dimensions,
number of paddles, clearance of the impeller from tank bottom, paddle rotation speed and power
input requirement.

Solution:
Let the detention time (t) be 40 s.
40
Therefore, volume of tank (V) = 10000  4.63 m 3
60  60  24

Let the tank diameter (D) be 2 m


Tank cross-sectional area (Acs) = 3.14 m2

Tank height (H) = 1.47 m, provide freeboard of 0.5 m

Total height (HT)= 1.97 m, say 2 m.


1.47
Tank height (H) to tank diameter (D) ratio =  0.736
2
(within the range of 0.33 – 1.0, hence okay)

Let velocity gradient, G = 400 s-1

Therefore, G.t = (400) × (40) = 16000 (within the limit of 10000 – 20000, hence okay)

Let the paddle tip speed (vp) be 1.8 m/s

Hence, velocity of paddle relative to water (v) = 0.75 × (1.8) = 1.35 m/s

1
1/ 2
 C d A p v 3 
G 
 2ν  V 
 1.8Ap 1.353 
1/ 2

400   
 
 2 1.00310 4.63
6

A p  0.335 m 2
Tank sectional area = (D)  (H) = (1.47)  (2) = 2.94 m2

Paddle Area (A p ) 0.335


  0.1139 , which is around 0.15, hence okay.
Tank Sectional Area (DL) 2.94

D I 0. 8
Let the impeller diameter be 0.8 m, i.e.,   0.4 , which is okay
D 2

L 0.2
Choose length of each impeller blade (L) as 0.20m, i.e.,   0.25 (okay)
DI 0.8

B 0.15
Choose breadth of each impeller blade (B) as 0.15m, i.e.,   0.187 (okay)
DI 0.8

Area of each blade = (L  B) = (0.2)  (0.15) = 0.03 m2

Therefore, number of blades to be provided = 0.335/0.03 = 11.17, say 12

Clearance of the paddles from the tank bottom = 0.8 m

vp  2 1.82
Paddle rotation speed (w, radians/s) =   4.5 radians/s,
DI 0.8

i.e., (4.5/2π)60 = 43 revolutions per minutes

1/2
 P 
Power requirement is given by, G    :
 Vμ 
1/2
 P 
400  
 -3 
 4.63 1.00210  
or, P = 742 Watts, i.e., provide 1 KW motor for driving the impeller at 45 rpm.

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