AngularJS Quick Guide

ANGULARJS - QUICK GUIDE
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ANGULARJS - OVERVIEW
What is AngularJS?
AngularJS is an open source web application framework. It was originally developed in 2009 by Misko Hevery and
Adam Abrons. It is now maintained by Google. Its latest version is 1.4.3.
Definition of AngularJS as put by its official documentation is as follows −
AngularJS is a structural framework for dynamic web apps. It lets you use HTML as your
template language and lets you extend HTML's syntax to express your application's components
clearly and succinctly. Angular's data binding and dependency injection eliminate much of the
code you currently have to write. And it all happens within the browser, making it an ideal
partner with any server technology.
Features
AngularJS is a powerful JavaScript based development framework to create RICH Internet ApplicationRI A.
AngularJS provides developers options to write client side application usingJ avaS cript in a clean MVC
M odelV iewC ontroller way.
Application written in AngularJS is cross-browser compliant. AngularJS automatically handles JavaScript

code suitable for each browser.
AngularJS is open source, completely free, and used by thousands of developers around the world. It is
licensed under the Apache License version 2.0.
Overall, AngularJS is a framework to build large scale and high performance web application while keeping them
as easy-to-maintain.
Core Features
Following are most important core features of AngularJS −
Data-binding − It is the automatic synchronization of data between model and view components.
Scope − These are objects that refer to the model. They act as a glue between controller and view.
Controller − These are JavaScript functions that are bound to a particular scope.
Services − AngularJS come with several built-in services for example $https: to make a XMLHttpRequests.
These are singleton objects which are instantiated only once in app.
Filters − These select a subset of items from an array and returns a new array.
Directives − Directives are markers on DOM elements suchaselements, attributes, css, andmore . These
can be used to create custom HTML tags that serve as new, custom widgets. AngularJS has built-in directives
ngBind, ngM odel. . .
Templates − These are the rendered view with information from the controller and model. These can be a
single file likeindex. html or multiple views in one page using "partials".
Routing − It is concept of switching views.
Model View Whatever − MVC is a design pattern for dividing an application into different parts
calledM odel, V iewandC ontroller, each with distinct responsibilities. AngularJS does not implement MVC in
the traditional sense, but rather something closer to MVVM M odel − V iew − V iewM odel . The Angular JS
team refers it humorously as Model View Whatever.
Deep Linking − Deep linking allows you to encode the state of application in the URL so that it can be
bookmarked. The application can then be restored from the URL to the same state.
Dependency Injection − AngularJS has a built-in dependency injection subsystem that helps the
developer by making the application easier to develop, understand, and test.
Concepts
Following diagram depicts some important parts of AngularJS which we will discuss in detail in the subsequent
chapters.
Advantages of AngularJS
AngularJS provides capability to create Single Page Application in a very clean and maintainable way.
AngularJS provides data binding capability to HTML thus giving user a rich and responsive experience
AngularJS code is unit testable.
AngularJS uses dependency injection and make use of separation of concerns.
AngularJS provides reusable components.
With AngularJS, developer write less code and get more functionality.
In AngularJS, views are pure html pages, and controllers written in JavaScript do the business processing.
On top of everything, AngularJS applications can run on all major browsers and smart phones including Android
and iOS based phones/tablets.
Disadvantages of AngularJS
Though AngularJS comes with lots of plus points but same time we should consider the following points −
Not Secure − Being JavaScript only framework, application written in AngularJS are not safe. Server side
authentication and authorization is must to keep an application secure.
Not degradable − If your application user disables JavaScript then user will just see the basic page and
nothing more.
The AngularJS Components

The AngularJS framework can be divided into following three major parts −
ng-app − This directive defines and links an AngularJS application to HTML.
ng-model − This directive binds the values of AngularJS application data to HTML input controls.
ng-bind − This directive binds the AngularJS Application data to HTML tags.
ANGULARJS - ENVIRONMENT SETUP
Try it Option Online

You really do not need to set up your own environment to start learning AngularJS. Reason is
very simple, we already have set up AngularJS environment online, so that you can execute all the
available examples online at the same time when you are doing your theory work. This gives you
confidence in what you are reading and to check the result with different options. Feel free to
modify any example and execute it online.
Try the following example using Try it option available at the top right corner of the below
sample code box −
<!doctype html>
<html ng-app>
<head>
<script src =
"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.3/angular.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<label>Name:</label>
<input type = "text" ng-model = "yourName" placeholder = "Enter a name
here">
<hr />
<h1>Hello {{yourName}}!</h1>
</div>
</body>
</html>
For most of the examples given in this tutorial, you will find Try it option, so just make use of it
and enjoy your learning.
In this chapter we will discuss about how to set up AngularJS library to be used in web application development.
We will also briefly study the directory structure and its contents.
When you open the link https://angularjs.org/, you will see there are two options to download AngularJS library −
View on GitHub − Click on this button to go to GitHub and get all of the latest scripts.
Download − Or click on this button, a screen as below would be seen −

This screen gives various options of using Angular JS as follows −
Downloading and hosting files locally
There are two different options legacy and latest. The names itself are self descriptive. legacy
has version less than 1.2.x and latest has 1.4.x version.
We can also go with the minified, uncompressed or zipped version.
CDN access − You also have access to a CDN. The CDN will give you access around the world to
regional data centers that in this case, Google host. This means using CDN moves the responsibility of
hosting files from your own servers to a series of external ones. This also offers an advantage that if
the visitor to your webpage has already downloaded a copy of AngularJS from the same CDN, it won't
have to be re-downloaded.
We are using the CDN versions of the library throughout this tutorial.
Example
Now let us write a simple example using AngularJS library. Let us create an HTML file myfirstexample.html as
below −
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<script src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.0-
beta.17/angular.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-app = "myapp">
<div ng-controller = "HelloController" >

<h2>Welcome {{helloTo.title}} to the world of Tutorialspoint!</h2>
</div>
<script>
angular.module("myapp", [])
.controller("HelloController", function($scope) {
$scope.helloTo = {};
$scope.helloTo.title = "AngularJS";
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Following sections describe the above code in detail −
Include AngularJS
We have included the AngularJS JavaScript file in the HTML page so we can use AngularJS −
<head>
<script src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js">
</script>
</head>
Check the latest version of AngularJS on their official website.
Point to AngularJS app
Next we tell what part of the HTML contains the AngularJS app. This done by adding the ng-app attribute to the
root HTML element of the AngularJS app. You can either add it to html element or body element as shown below −
<body ng-app = "myapp">

</body>
View
The view is this part −
<div ng-controller = "HelloController" >

<h2>Welcome {{helloTo.title}} to the world of Tutorialspoint!</h2>
</div>
ng-controller tells AngularJS what controller to use with this view. helloTo.title tells AngularJS to write the
"model" value named helloTo.title to the HTML at this location.
Controller
The controller part is −
<script>
angular.module("myapp", [])
.controller("HelloController", function($scope) {
$scope.helloTo = {};
$scope.helloTo.title = "AngularJS";
});
</script>
This code registers a controller function named HelloController in the angular module named myapp. We will
study more about modules and controllers in their respective chapters. The controller function is registered in
angular via the angular.module. . . .controller. . . function call.
The $scope parameter passed to the controller function is the model. The controller function adds a helloTo
JavaScript object, and in that object it adds a title field.
Execution
Save the above code as myfirstexample.html and open it in any browser. You will see an output as below −
Welcome AngularJS to the world of Tutorialspoint!
When the page is loaded in the browser, following things happen −
HTML document is loaded into the browser, and evaluated by the browser. AngularJS JavaScript file is
loaded, the angular global object is created. Next, JavaScript which registers controller functions is executed.
Next AngularJS scans through the HTML to look for AngularJS apps and views. Once view is located, it
connects that view to the corresponding controller function.
Next, AngularJS executes the controller functions. It then renders the views with data from the model
populated by the controller. The page is now ready.
ANGULARJS - MVC ARCHITECTURE

Model View Controller or MVC as it is popularly called, is a software design pattern for developing web
applications. A Model View Controller pattern is made up of the following three parts −
Model − It is the lowest level of the pattern responsible for maintaining data.
View − It is responsible for displaying all or a portion of the data to the user.
Controller − It is a software Code that controls the interactions between the Model and View.
MVC is popular because it isolates the application logic from the user interface layer and supports separation of
concerns. The controller receives all requests for the application and then works with the model to prepare any data
needed by the view. The view then uses the data prepared by the controller to generate a final presentable response.
The MVC abstraction can be graphically represented as follows.
The Model
The model is responsible for managing application data. It responds to the request from view and to the
instructions from controller to update itself.
The View
A presentation of data in a particular format, triggered by the controller's decision to present the data. They are
script-based template systems such as JSP, ASP, PHP and very easy to integrate with AJAX technology.
The Controller
The controller responds to user input and performs interactions on the data model objects. The controller receives
input, validates it, and then performs business operations that modify the state of the data model.
AngularJS is a MVC based framework. In the coming chapters, we will see how AngularJS uses MVC methodology.
ANGULARJS - FIRST APPLICATION

Before we start with creating actual HelloWorld application using AngularJS, let us see what are the actual parts of
a AngularJS application. An AngularJS application consists of following three important parts −
ng-app − This directive defines and links an AngularJS application to HTML.
ng-bind − This directive binds the AngularJS Application data to HTML tags.
Steps to create AngularJS Application
Step 1 − Load framework
Being a pure JavaScript framework, It can be added using <Script> tag.

</script>
Step 2 − Define AngularJS Application using ng-app directive
<div ng-app = "">

...
</div>
Step 3 − Define a model name using ng-model directive
<p>Enter your Name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "name"></p>
Step 4 − Bind the value of above model defined using ng-bind directive.
<p>Hello <span ng-bind = "name"></span>!</p>
Steps to run AngularJS Application

Use above mentioned three steps in an HTML page.
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS First Application</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Sample Application</h1>
<div ng-app = "">

</div>

</script>
</body>
</html>
Output
Open textAngularJS.htm in a web browser. Enter your name and see the result.
Sample Application
Enter your Name:
Hello !
How AngularJS integrates with HTML

ng-app directive indicates the start of AngularJS application.
ng-model directive then creates a model variable named "name" which can be used with the html page and
within the div having ng-app directive.
ng-bind then uses the name model to be displayed in the html span tag whenever user input something in
the text box.
Closing</div> tag indicates the end of AngularJS application.
ANGULARJS - DIRECTIVES
AngularJS directives are used to extend HTML. These are special attributes starting with ng- prefix. We're going to
discuss following directives −
ng-app − This directive starts an AngularJS Application.
ng-init − This directive initializes application data.
ng-repeat − This directive repeats html elements for each item in a collection.
ng-app directive
ng-app directive starts an AngularJS Application. It defines the root element. It automatically initializes or
bootstraps the application when web page containing AngularJS Application is loaded. It is also used to load
various AngularJS modules in AngularJS Application. In following example, we've defined a default AngularJS
application using ng-app attribute of a div element.
<div ng-app = "">

...
</div>
ng-init directive
ng-init directive initializes an AngularJS Application data. It is used to put values to the variables to be used in the
application. In following example, we'll initialize an array of countries. We're using JSON syntax to define array of
countries.
<div ng-app = "" ng-init = "countries = [{locale:'en-US',name:'United States'}, {locale:'en-

GB',name:'United Kingdom'}, {locale:'en-FR',name:'France'}]">
...
</div>
ng-model directive
This directive binds the values of AngularJS application data to HTML input controls. In following example, we've
defined a model named "name".
<div ng-app = "">

...
</div>
ng-repeat directive
ng-repeat directive repeats html elements for each item in a collection. In following example, we've iterated over
array of countries.
<div ng-app = "">

...
<p>List of Countries with locale:</p>
<ol>
<li ng-repeat = "country in countries">
{{ 'Country: ' + country.name + ', Locale: ' + country.locale }}
</li>
</ol>
</div>
Example
Following example will showcase all the above mentioned directives.
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS Directives</title>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app = "" ng-init = "countries = [{locale:'en-US',name:'United States'},

{locale:'en-GB',name:'United Kingdom'}, {locale:'en-FR',name:'France'}]">
<p>List of Countries with locale:</p>
<ol>
<li ng-repeat = "country in countries">
{{ 'Country: ' + country.name + ', Locale: ' + country.locale }}
</li>
</ol>
</div>

</script>
</body>
</html>
Output
Open textAngularJS.htm in a web browser. Enter your name and see the result.
Sample Application
Enter your Name:
Hello !
List of Countries with locale:
1. Country: United States, Locale: en-US

2. Country: United Kingdom, Locale: en-GB
3. Country: France, Locale: en-FR
ANGULARJS - EXPRESSIONS
Expressions are used to bind application data to html. Expressions are written inside double braces like {{
expression}}. Expressions behaves in same way as ng-bind directives. AngularJS application expressions are pure
javascript expressions and outputs the data where they are used.
Using numbers
<p>Expense on Books : {{cost * quantity}} Rs</p>
Using strings
<p>Hello {{student.firstname + " " + student.lastname}}!</p>
Using object
<p>Roll No: {{student.rollno}}</p>
Using array
<p>Marks(Math): {{marks[3]}}</p>
Example
Following example will showcase all the above mentioned expressions.
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS Expressions</title>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app = "" ng-init = "quantity = 1;cost = 30; student =

{firstname:'Mahesh',lastname:'Parashar',rollno:101};marks = [80,90,75,73,60]">
<p>Hello {{student.firstname + " " + student.lastname}}!</p>
<p>Expense on Books : {{cost * quantity}} Rs</p>
<p>Roll No: {{student.rollno}}</p>
<p>Marks(Math): {{marks[3]}}</p>
</div>

</script>
</body>
</html>
Output
Open textAngularJS.htm in a web browser. See the result.
Sample Application
Hello Mahesh Parashar!
Expense on Books : 30 Rs
Roll No: 101
Marks(Math): 73
ANGULARJS - CONTROLLERS
AngularJS application mainly relies on controllers to control the flow of data in the application. A controller is
defined using ng-controller directive. A controller is a JavaScript object containing attributes/properties and
functions. Each controller accepts $scope as a parameter which refers to the application/module that controller is
to control.
<div ng-app = "" ng-controller = "studentController">

...
</div>
Here we've declared a controller studentController using ng-controller directive. As a next step we'll define the
studentController as follows −
<script>
function studentController($scope) {
$scope.student = {
firstName: "Mahesh",
lastName: "Parashar",
fullName: function() {
var studentObject;
studentObject = $scope.student;
return studentObject.firstName + " " + studentObject.lastName;
}
};
}
</script>
studentController defined as a JavaScript object with $scope as argument.
$scope refers to application which is to use the studentController object.
$scope.student is property of studentController object.
firstName and lastName are two properties of $scope.student object. We've passed the default values to
them.
fullName is the function of $scope.student object whose task is to return the combined name.
In fullName function we're getting the student object and then return the combined name.
As a note, we can also define the controller object in separate JS file and refer that file in the html page.
Now we can use studentController's student property using ng-model or using expressions as follows.
Enter first name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "student.firstName"><br>

Enter last name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "student.lastName"><br>
<br>
You are entering: {{student.fullName()}}
We've bounded student.firstName and student.lastname to two input boxes.
We've bounded student.fullName to HTML.
Now whenever you type anything in first name and last name input boxes, you can see the full name getting
updated automatically.
Example
Following example will showcase use of controller.
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Controller</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>AngularJS Sample Application</h2>
<div ng-app = "mainApp" ng-controller = "studentController">

Enter first name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "student.firstName"><br><br>
Enter last name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "student.lastName"><br>
<br>
You are entering: {{student.fullName()}}

</div>
<script>
var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", []);
mainApp.controller('studentController', function($scope) {
$scope.student = {
var studentObject;
}
};
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output
AngularJS Sample Application

Enter first name: Mahesh
Enter last name: Parashar
You are entering: Mahesh Parashar
ANGULARJS - FILTERS
Filters are used to change modify the data and can be clubbed in expression or directives using pipe character.
Following is the list of commonly used filters.
Sr.No. Name Description
1 uppercase converts a text to upper case text.
2 lowercase converts a text to lower case text.
3 currency formats text in a currency format.
4 filter filter the array to a subset of it based on provided criteria.
5 orderby orders the array based on provided criteria.
uppercase filter
Add uppercase filter to an expression using pipe character. Here we've added uppercase filter to print student name
in all capital letters.
Enter first name:<input type = "text" ng-model = "student.firstName">

Enter last name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "student.lastName">
Name in Upper Case: {{student.fullName() | uppercase}}
lowercase filter
Add lowercase filter to an expression using pipe character. Here we've added lowercase filter to print student name
in all lowercase letters.
Enter first name:<input type = "text" ng-model = "student.firstName">

Enter last name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "student.lastName">
Name in Lower Case: {{student.fullName() | lowercase}}
currency filter
Add currency filter to an expression returning number using pipe character. Here we've added currency filter to
print fees using currency format.
Enter fees: <input type = "text" ng-model = "student.fees">

fees: {{student.fees | currency}}
filter filter
To display only required subjects, we've used subjectName as filter.
Enter subject: <input type = "text" ng-model = "subjectName">

Subject:
<ul>
<li ng-repeat = "subject in student.subjects | filter: subjectName">
{{ subject.name + ', marks:' + subject.marks }}
</li>
</ul>
orderby filter
To order subjects by marks, we've used orderBy marks.
Subject:
<ul>
<li ng-repeat = "subject in student.subjects | orderBy:'marks'">
</li>
</ul>
Example
Following example will showcase all the above mentioned filters.
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Filters</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "0">
<tr>
<td>Enter first name:</td>
<td><input type = "text" ng-model = "student.firstName"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Enter last name: </td>
<td><input type = "text" ng-model = "student.lastName"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Enter fees: </td>
<td><input type = "text" ng-model = "student.fees"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Enter subject: </td>
<td><input type = "text" ng-model = "subjectName"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br/>

<tr>
<td>Name in Upper Case: </td><td>{{student.fullName() | uppercase}}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Name in Lower Case: </td><td>{{student.fullName() | lowercase}}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fees: </td><td>{{student.fees | currency}}
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subject:</td>
<td>
<ul>
<li ng-repeat = "subject in student.subjects | filter: subjectName
|orderBy:'marks'">
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<script>
$scope.student = {
fees:500,
subjects:[
{name:'Physics',marks:70},
{name:'Chemistry',marks:80},
{name:'Math',marks:65}
],
var studentObject;
}
};
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output

Enter fees: 500
Enter subject:
Name in Upper Case: MAHESH PARASHAR

Name in Lower Case: mahesh parashar
fees: $500.00
Math, marks:65
Physics, marks:70
Subject:
Chemistry, marks:80
ANGULARJS - TABLES
Table data is normally repeatable by nature. ng-repeat directive can be used to draw table easily. Following
example states the use of ng-repeat directive to draw a table.
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>
<tr ng-repeat = "subject in student.subjects">

<td>{{ subject.name }}</td>
<td>{{ subject.marks }}</td>
</tr>
</table>
Table can be styled using CSS Styling.
<style>
table, th , td {
border: 1px solid grey;
border-collapse: collapse;
padding: 5px;
}
table tr:nth-child(odd) {
background-color: #f2f2f2;
}
table tr:nth-child(even) {
background-color: #ffffff;
}
</style>
Example
Following example will showcase all the above mentioned directive.
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Table</title>
</script>
<style>
table, th , td {
padding: 5px;
}
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<input type = "text" ng-model = "student.lastName">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Name: </td>
<td>{{student.fullName()}}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subject:</td>
<td>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>.
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>

</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<script>
$scope.student = {
fees:500,
subjects:[
{name:'Math',marks:65},
{name:'English',marks:75},
{name:'Hindi',marks:67}
],
var studentObject;
}
};
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output

Name: Mahesh Parashar
Name Marks
Physics 70
Chemistry 80
Subject:
Math 65
English 75
Hindi 67
ANGULARJS - HTML DOM

Following directives can be used to bind application data to attributes of HTML DOM Elements.
Sr.No. Name Description

1 ng-disabled disables a given control.
2 ng-show shows a given control.
3 ng-hide hides a given control.
4 ng-click represents a AngularJS click event.
ng-disabled directive
Add ng-disabled attribute to a HTML button and pass it a model. Bind the model to an checkbox and see the
variation.
<input type = "checkbox" ng-model = "enableDisableButton">Disable Button

<button ng-disabled = "enableDisableButton">Click Me!</button>
ng-show directive
Add ng-show attribute to a HTML button and pass it a model. Bind the model to an checkbox and see the variation.
<input type = "checkbox" ng-model = "showHide1">Show Button

<button ng-show = "showHide1">Click Me!</button>
ng-hide directive
Add ng-hide attribute to a HTML button and pass it a model. Bind the model to an checkbox and see the variation.
<input type = "checkbox" ng-model = "showHide2">Hide Button

<button ng-hide = "showHide2">Click Me!</button>
ng-click directive
Add ng-click attribute to a HTML button and update a model. Bind the model to html and see the variation.
<p>Total click: {{ clickCounter }}</p>

<button ng-click = "clickCounter = clickCounter + 1">Click Me!</button>
Example
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS HTML DOM</title>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app = "">

<tr>
<td><input type = "checkbox" ng-model = "enableDisableButton">Disable Button</td>
<td><button ng-disabled = "enableDisableButton">Click Me!</button></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type = "checkbox" ng-model = "showHide1">Show Button</td>
<td><button ng-show = "showHide1">Click Me!</button></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type = "checkbox" ng-model = "showHide2">Hide Button</td>
<td><button ng-hide = "showHide2">Click Me!</button></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p>Total click: {{ clickCounter }}</p></td>
<td><button ng-click = "clickCounter = clickCounter + 1">Click Me!</button></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

</script>
</body>
</html>
Output

Disable Button Click Me!
Show Button
Hide Button Click Me!
Total click: Click Me!
ANGULARJS - MODULES
AngularJS supports modular approach. Modules are used to separate logics say services, controllers, application
etc. and keep the code clean. We define modules in separate js files and name them as per the module.js file. In this
example we're going to create two modules.
Application Module − used to initialize an application with controllers.
Controller Module − used to define the controller.
Application Module
mainApp.js
Here we've declared an application mainApp module using angular.module function. We've passed an empty
array to it. This array generally contains dependent modules.
Controller Module
studentController.js
mainApp.controller("studentController", function($scope) {
$scope.student = {
fees:500,
subjects:[
],
var studentObject;
}
};
});
Here we've declared a controller studentController module using mainApp.controller function.
Use Modules

...
<script src = "mainApp.js"></script>
<script src = "studentController.js"></script>
</div>
Here we've used application module using ng-app directive and controller using ng-controller directive. We've
imported mainApp.js and studentController.js in the main html page.
Example
Following example will showcase all the above mentioned modules.
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Modules</title>
</script>
<script src = "/angularjs/src/module/mainApp.js"></script>
<script src = "/angularjs/src/module/studentController.js"></script>
<style>
table, th , td {
padding: 5px;
}
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Name: </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Subject:</td>
<td>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>

</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
mainApp.js
studentController.js
mainApp.controller("studentController", function($scope) {
$scope.student = {
fees:500,
subjects:[
],
var studentObject;
}
};
});
Output
Name Marks
Physics 70
Chemistry 80
Subject:
Math 65
English 75
Hindi 67
ANGULARJS - FORMS
AngularJS enriches form filling and validation. We can use ng-click to handle AngularJS click on button and use
dirtyandinvalid flags to do the validations in seemless way. Use novalidate with a form declaration to disable any
browser specific validation. Forms controls makes heavy use of Angular events. Let's have a quick look on events
first.
Events
AngularJS provides multiple events which can be associated with the HTML controls. For example ng-click is
normally associated with button. Following are supported events in Angular JS.
ng-click
ng-dbl-click
ng-mousedown
ng-mouseup
ng-mouseenter
ng-mouseleave
ng-mousemove
ng-mouseover
ng-keydown
ng-keyup
ng-keypress
ng-change
ng-click
Reset data of a form using on-click directive of a button.
<input name = "firstname" type = "text" ng-model = "firstName" required>

<input name = "lastname" type = "text" ng-model = "lastName" required>
<input name = "email" type = "email" ng-model = "email" required>
<button ng-click = "reset()">Reset</button>
<script>
function studentController($scope) {
$scope.reset = function(){
$scope.firstName = "Mahesh";
$scope.lastName = "Parashar";
$scope.email = "MaheshParashar@tutorialspoint.com";
}
$scope.reset();
}
</script>
Validate data
Following can be used to track error.
$dirty − states that value has been changed.
$invalid − states that value entered is invalid.
$error − states the exact error.
Example
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Forms</title>
</script>
<style>
table, th , td {
padding: 5px;
}
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<form name = "studentForm" novalidate>

<tr>
<td><input name = "firstname" type = "text" ng-model = "firstName" required>
<span style = "color:red" ng-show = "studentForm.firstname.$dirty &&
studentForm.firstname.$invalid">
<span ng-show = "studentForm.firstname.$error.required">First Name is
required.</span>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input name = "lastname" type = "text" ng-model = "lastName" required>
<span style = "color:red" ng-show = "studentForm.lastname.$dirty &&
studentForm.lastname.$invalid">
<span ng-show = "studentForm.lastname.$error.required">Last Name is
required.</span>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Email: </td><td><input name = "email" type = "email" ng-model = "email"
length = "100" required>
<span style = "color:red" ng-show = "studentForm.email.$dirty &&
studentForm.email.$invalid">
<span ng-show = "studentForm.email.$error.required">Email is required.
</span>
<span ng-show = "studentForm.email.$error.email">Invalid email address.
</span>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<button ng-click = "reset()">Reset</button>
</td>
<td>
<button ng-disabled = "studentForm.firstname.$dirty &&
studentForm.firstname.$invalid || studentForm.lastname.$dirty &&
studentForm.lastname.$invalid || studentForm.email.$dirty &&
studentForm.email.$invalid" ng-click="submit()">Submit</button>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
<script>
$scope.reset = function(){
$scope.firstName = "Mahesh";
$scope.lastName = "Parashar";
$scope.email = "MaheshParashar@tutorialspoint.com";
}
$scope.reset();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output

Email: MaheshParashar@tutorialsp
Reset Submit
ANGULARJS - INCLUDES
HTML does not support embedding html pages within html page. To achieve this functionality following ways are
used −
Using Ajax − Make a server call to get the corresponding html page and set it in innerHTML of html
control.
Using Server Side Includes − JSP, PHP and other web side server technologies can include html pages
within a dynamic page.
Using AngularJS, we can embed HTML pages within a HTML page using ng-include directive.

<div ng-include = "'main.htm'"></div>
<div ng-include = "'subjects.htm'"></div>
</div>
Example
tryAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Includes</title>
</script>
<style>
table, th , td {
padding: 5px;
}
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app = "mainApp" ng-controller="studentController">

<div ng-include = "'/angularjs/src/include/main.htm'"></div>
<div ng-include = "'/angularjs/src/include/subjects.htm'"></div>
</div>
<script>
$scope.student = {
fees:500,
subjects:[
],
var studentObject;
}
};
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
main.htm

<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Name: </td>
</tr>
</table>
subjects.htm
<p>Subjects:</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>

</tr>
</table>
Output
To run this example, you need to deploy textAngularJS.htm, main.htm and subjects.htm to a webserver. Open
textAngularJS.htm using url of your server in a web browser. See the result.
Subjects:
Name Marks
Physics 70
Chemistry 80
Math 65
English 75
Hindi 67
ANGULARJS - AJAX
AngularJS provides https : controlwhichworksasaservicetoreaddataf romtheserver https: can be used to get the
. T heservermakesadatabasecalltogetthedesiredrecords
. AngularJ S needsdatainJ S ON f ormat. Oncethedataisready,
data from server in the following manner −
function studentController($scope,$https:) {
var url = "data.txt";
$https:.get(url).success( function(response) {
$scope.students = response;
});
}
Here, the file data.txt contains student records. $https: service makes an ajax call and sets response to its property
students. students model can be used to draw tables in HTML.
Examples
data.txt
[
{
"Name" : "Mahesh Parashar",
"RollNo" : 101,
"Percentage" : "80%"
},
{
"Name" : "Dinkar Kad",
"RollNo" : 201,
},
{
"Name" : "Robert",
"RollNo" : 191,
},
{
"Name" : "Julian Joe",
"RollNo" : 111,
}
]
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Includes</title>
<style>
table, th , td {
padding: 5px;
}
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Roll No</th>
<th>Percentage</th>
</tr>
<tr ng-repeat = "student in students">
<td>{{ student.Name }}</td>
<td>{{ student.RollNo }}</td>
<td>{{ student.Percentage }}</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<script>
function studentController($scope,$http) {
var url = "data.txt";
$http.get(url).then( function(response) {
$scope.students = response.data;
});
}
</script>

</script>
</body>
</html>
Output
To execute this example, you need to deploy testAngularJS.htm and data.txt file to a web server. Open the file
testAngularJS.htm using the URL of your server in a web browser and see the result.

Name Roll No Percentage
Mahesh Parashar 101 80%
Dinkar Kad 201 70%
Robert 191 75%
Julian Joe 111 77%
ANGULARJS - VIEWS
AngularJS supports Single Page Application via multiple views on a single page. To do this AngularJS has provided
ng-view and ng-template directives and $routeProvider services.
ng-view
ng-view tag simply creates a place holder where a corresponding view htmlorng − templateview can be placed
based on the configuration.
Usage
Define a div with ng-view within the main module.
<div ng-app = "mainApp">

...
<div ng-view></div>
</div>
ng-template
ng-template directive is used to create an html view using script tag. It contains "id" attribute which is used by
$routeProvider to map a view with a controller.
Usage
Define a script block with type as ng-template within the main module.

...
<script type = "text/ng-template" id = "addStudent.htm">

<h2> Add Student </h2>
{{message}}
</script>
</div>
$routeProvider
$routeProvider is the key service which set the configuration of urls, map them with the corresponding html page
or ng-template, and attach a controller with the same.
Usage
Define a script block with main module and set the routing configuration.
var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", ['ngRoute']);
mainApp.config(['$routeProvider', function($routeProvider) {
$routeProvider.
when('/addStudent', {
templateUrl: 'addStudent.htm', controller: 'AddStudentController'
}).
when('/viewStudents', {
templateUrl: 'viewStudents.htm', controller: 'ViewStudentsController'
}).
otherwise({
redirectTo: '/addStudent'
});
}]);
Following are the important points to be considered in above example.
routeP roviderisdef inedasaf unctionunderconf igof mainAppmoduleusingkeyas

′
routeProvider'.
$routeProvider.when defines a url "/addStudent" which then is mapped to "addStudent.htm".

addStudent.htm should be present in the same path as main html page.If htm page is not defined then ng-
template to be used with id="addStudent.htm". We've used ng-template.
"otherwise" is used to set the default view.
"controller" is used to set the corresponding controller for the view.
Example
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Views</title>
</script>
<script src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular-
route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href = "#addStudent">Add Student</a></p>
<p><a href = "#viewStudents">View Students</a></p>
<div ng-view></div>
<script type = "text/ng-template" id = "addStudent.htm">

<h2> Add Student </h2>
{{message}}
</script>
<script type = "text/ng-template" id = "viewStudents.htm">

<h2> View Students </h2>
{{message}}
</script>
</div>
<script>
var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", ['ngRoute']);
mainApp.config(['$routeProvider', function($routeProvider) {
$routeProvider.
when('/addStudent', {
templateUrl: 'addStudent.htm',
controller: 'AddStudentController'
}).
when('/viewStudents', {
templateUrl: 'viewStudents.htm',
controller: 'ViewStudentsController'
}).
otherwise({
redirectTo: '/addStudent'
});
}]);
mainApp.controller('AddStudentController', function($scope) {
$scope.message = "This page will be used to display add student form";
});
mainApp.controller('ViewStudentsController', function($scope) {
$scope.message = "This page will be used to display all the students";
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result

Add Student
View Students
Add Student
This page will be used to display add student form
ANGULARJS - SCOPES
Scope is a special javascript object which plays the role of joining controller with the views. Scope contains the
model data. In controllers, model data is accessed via $scope object.
<script>
mainApp.controller("shapeController", function($scope) {
$scope.message = "In shape controller";
$scope.type = "Shape";
});
</script>
$scope is passed as first argument to controller during its constructor definition.
scope. messageand scope.type are the models which are to be used in the HTML page.
We've set values to models which will be reflected in the application module whose controller is
shapeController.
We can define functions as well in $scope.
Scope Inheritance
Scope are controllers specific. If we defines nested controllers then child controller will inherit the scope of its
parent controller.
<script>
});
mainApp.controller("circleController", function($scope) {
$scope.message = "In circle controller";
});
</script>
We've set values to models in shapeController.
We've overridden message in child controller circleController. When "message" is used within module of
controller circleController, the overridden message will be used.
Example
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app = "mainApp" ng-controller = "shapeController">

<p>{{message}} <br/> {{type}} </p>
<div ng-controller = "circleController">

</div>
<div ng-controller = "squareController">

</div>
</div>

</script>
<script>
});
mainApp.controller("circleController", function($scope) {
$scope.message = "In circle controller";
});
mainApp.controller("squareController", function($scope) {
$scope.message = "In square controller";
$scope.type = "Square";
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result

In shape controller
Shape
In circle controller
Shape
In square controller
Square
ANGULARJS - SERVICES
AngularJS supports the concepts of "Separation of Concerns" using services architecture. Services are javascript
functions and are responsible to do a specific tasks only. This makes them an individual entity which is
maintainable and testable. Controllers, filters can call them as on requirement basis. Services are normally injected
using dependency injection mechanism of AngularJS.
AngularJS provides many inbuilt services for example, https :,route, window,location etc. Each service is
responsible for a specific task for example, https : isusedtomakeajaxcalltogettheserverdata.route is used to define
the routing information and so on. Inbuilt services are always prefixed with $ symbol.
There are two ways to create a service.
factory
service
Using factory method

Using factory method, we first define a factory and then assign method to it.

mainApp.factory('MathService', function() {
var factory = {};
factory.multiply = function(a, b) {
return a * b
}
return factory;
});
Using service method

Using service method, we define a service and then assign method to it. We've also injected an already available
service to it.
mainApp.service('CalcService', function(MathService){
this.square = function(a) {
return MathService.multiply(a,a);
}
});
Example
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Services</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app = "mainApp" ng-controller = "CalcController">
<p>Enter a number: <input type = "number" ng-model = "number" /></p>
<button ng-click = "square()">X<sup>2</sup></button>
<p>Result: {{result}}</p>
</div>
<script>
var factory = {};
return a * b
}
return factory;
});
}
});
mainApp.controller('CalcController', function($scope, CalcService) {

$scope.square = function() {
$scope.result = CalcService.square($scope.number);
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result

Enter a number: X2
Result:
ANGULARJS - DEPENDENCY INJECTION

Dependency Injection is a software design pattern in which components are given their dependencies instead of
hard coding them within the component. This relieves a component from locating the dependency and makes
dependencies configurable. This helps in making components reusable, maintainable and testable.
AngularJS provides a supreme Dependency Injection mechanism. It provides following core components which
can be injected into each other as dependencies.
value
factory
service
provider
constant
value
value is simple javascript object and it is used to pass values to controller during config phase.
//define a module
//create a value object as "defaultInput" and pass it a data.

mainApp.value("defaultInput", 5);
...
//inject the value in the controller using its name "defaultInput"

mainApp.controller('CalcController', function($scope, CalcService, defaultInput) {
$scope.number = defaultInput;
}
});
factory
factory is a function which is used to return value. It creates value on demand whenever a service or controller
requires. It normally uses a factory function to calculate and return the value.
//define a module
//create a factory "MathService" which provides a method multiply to return multiplication of two
numbers
var factory = {};
return a * b
}
return factory;
});
//inject the factory "MathService" in a service to utilize the multiply method of factory.
}
});
...
service
service is a singleton javascript object containing a set of functions to perform certain tasks. Services are defined
using service functions and then injected into controllers.
//define a module
...
//create a service which defines a method square to return square of a number.

}
});
//inject the service "CalcService" into the controller

}
});
provider
provider is used by AngularJS internally to create services, factory etc. during config phase
phaseduringwhichAngularJ S bootstrapsitself . Below mention script can be used to create MathService that we've
created earlier. Provider is a special factory method with a method get which is used to return the
value/service/factory.
//define a module
...
//create a service using provider which defines a method square to return square of a number.
mainApp.config(function($provide) {
$provide.provider('MathService', function() {
this.$get = function() {
var factory = {};
return a * b;
}
return factory;
};
});
});
constant
constants are used to pass values at config phase considering the fact that value can not be used to be passed during
config phase.
mainApp.constant("configParam", "constant value");
Example
testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS Dependency Injection</title>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app = "mainApp" ng-controller = "CalcController">

<p>Enter a number: <input type = "number" ng-model = "number" /></p>
<button ng-click = "square()">X<sup>2</sup></button>
<p>Result: {{result}}</p>
</div>

</script>
<script>
mainApp.config(function($provide) {
$provide.provider('MathService', function() {
this.$get = function() {
var factory = {};
return a * b;
}
return factory;
};
});
});
mainApp.value("defaultInput", 5);
var factory = {};
return a * b;
}
return factory;
});
}
});

}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result

Enter a number: 5 X2
Result: 25
ANGULARJS - CUSTOM DIRECTIVES

Custom directives are used in AngularJS to extend the functionality of HTML. Custom directives are defined using
"directive" function. A custom directive simply replaces the element for which it is activated. AngularJS application
during bootstrap finds the matching elements and do one time activity using its compile method of the custom
directive then process the element using link method of the custom directive based on the scope of the directive.
AngularJS provides support to create custom directives for following type of elements.
Element directives − Directive activates when a matching element is encountered.
Attribute − Directive activates when a matching attribute is encountered.

CSS − Directive activates when a matching css style is encountered.
Comment − Directive activates when a matching comment is encountered.
Understanding Custom Directive

Define custom html tags.
<student name = "Mahesh"></student><br/>

<student name = "Piyush"></student>
Define custom directive to handle above custom html tags.
//Create a directive, first parameter is the html element to be attached.

//We are attaching student html tag.
//This directive will be activated as soon as any student element is encountered in html
mainApp.directive('student', function() {
//define the directive object
var directive = {};
//restrict = E, signifies that directive is Element directive

directive.restrict = 'E';
//template replaces the complete element with its text.

directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>{{student.rollno}}</b>";
//scope is used to distinguish each student element based on criteria.

directive.scope = {
student : "=name"
}
//compile is called during application initialization. AngularJS calls it once when html page
is loaded.
directive.compile = function(element, attributes) {

element.css("border", "1px solid #cccccc");
//linkFunction is linked with each element with scope to get the element specific data.
var linkFunction = function($scope, element, attributes) {
element.html("Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No:
<b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>");
element.css("background-color", "#ff00ff");
}
return linkFunction;
}
return directive;
});
Define controller to update the scope for directive. Here we are using name attribute's value as scope's child.
mainApp.controller('StudentController', function($scope) {
$scope.Mahesh = {};
$scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar";
$scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1;
$scope.Piyush = {};
$scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar";
$scope.Piyush.rollno = 2;
});
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS Custom Directives</title>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app = "mainApp" ng-controller = "StudentController">

<student name = "Mahesh"></student><br/>
<student name = "Piyush"></student>
</div>

</script>
<script>
mainApp.directive('student', function() {
var directive = {};
directive.restrict = 'E';
directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>
{{student.rollno}}</b>";
directive.scope = {
student : "=name"
}
directive.compile = function(element, attributes) {

element.css("border", "1px solid #cccccc");
var linkFunction = function($scope, element, attributes) {

element.html("Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No:
<b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>");
element.css("background-color", "#ff00ff");
}
return linkFunction;
}
return directive;
});
$scope.Mahesh = {};
$scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar";
$scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1;
$scope.Piyush = {};
$scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar";
$scope.Piyush.rollno = 2;
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result

Student: Mahesh Parashar , Roll No: 1
Student: Piyush Parashar , Roll No: 2
ANGULARJS - INTERNALIZATION
AngularJS supports inbuilt internationalization for three types of filters currency, date and numbers. We only need
to incorporate corresponding js according to locale of the country. By default it handles the locale of the browser.
For example, to use Danish locale, use following script.
<script src = "https://code.angularjs.org/1.2.5/i18n/angular-locale_da-dk.js"></script>
Example using Danish locale

testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>

{{fees | currency }} <br/><br/>
{{admissiondate | date }} <br/><br/>
{{rollno | number }}
</div>

</script>
<script src = "https://code.angularjs.org/1.3.14/i18n/angular-locale_da-dk.js"></script>
<script>
$scope.fees = 100;
$scope.admissiondate = new Date();
$scope.rollno = 123.45;
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result

100,00 kr
23/03/2018
123,45
Example using Browser's locale

testAngularJS.htm
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>

{{fees | currency }} <br/><br/>
{{admissiondate | date }} <br/><br/>
{{rollno | number }}
</div>

</script>

<script>
$scope.fees = 100;
$scope.admissiondate = new Date();
$scope.rollno = 123.45;
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result

$100.00
Mar 23, 2018
123.45

AngularJS Quick Guide

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AngularJS Quick Guide

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ANGULARJS - QUICK GUIDE

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/angularjs/angularjs_quick_guide.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com

Definition of AngularJS as put by its official documentation is as follows −

Application written in AngularJS is cross-browser compliant. AngularJS automatically handles JavaScript

Routing − It is concept of switching views.

AngularJS code is unit testable.

AngularJS uses dependency injection and make use of separation of concerns.

AngularJS provides reusable components.

The AngularJS Components

ng-app − This directive defines and links an AngularJS application to HTML.

ANGULARJS - ENVIRONMENT SETUP

Try it Option Online

Download − Or click on this button, a screen as below would be seen −

Downloading and hosting files locally

We can also go with the minified, uncompressed or zipped version.

<body ng-app = "myapp">

<div ng-controller = "HelloController" >

Following sections describe the above code in detail −

Check the latest version of AngularJS on their official website.

Point to AngularJS app

<body ng-app = "myapp">

The view is this part −

<div ng-controller = "HelloController" >

The controller part is −

Welcome AngularJS to the world of Tutorialspoint!

When the page is loaded in the browser, following things happen −

ANGULARJS - MVC ARCHITECTURE

ANGULARJS - FIRST APPLICATION

ng-app − This directive defines and links an AngularJS application to HTML.

Steps to create AngularJS Application

Step 1 − Load framework

Being a pure JavaScript framework, It can be added using <Script> tag.

<script src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js">

Step 2 − Define AngularJS Application using ng-app directive

<div ng-app = "">

Step 3 − Define a model name using ng-model directive

<p>Enter your Name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "name"></p>

<p>Hello <span ng-bind = "name"></span>!</p>

Steps to run AngularJS Application

<div ng-app = "">

<script src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js">

How AngularJS integrates with HTML

Closing</div> tag indicates the end of AngularJS application.

ng-app − This directive starts an AngularJS Application.

ng-init − This directive initializes application data.

<div ng-app = "">

<div ng-app = "" ng-init = "countries = [{locale:'en-US',name:'United States'}, {locale:'en-

<div ng-app = "">

<div ng-app = "">

<div ng-app = "" ng-init = "countries = [{locale:'en-US',name:'United States'},

<script src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js">

List of Countries with locale:

1. Country: United States, Locale: en-US

<p>Expense on Books : {{cost * quantity}} Rs</p>

<p>Hello {{student.firstname + " " + student.lastname}}!</p>

<div ng-app = "" ng-init = "quantity = 1;cost = 30; student =

<script src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js">

Roll No: 101

<div ng-app = "" ng-controller = "studentController">

studentController defined as a JavaScript object with $scope as argument.

$scope refers to application which is to use the studentController object.

$scope.student is property of studentController object.

Enter first name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "student.firstName"><br>

We've bounded student.firstName and student.lastname to two input boxes.

We've bounded student.fullName to HTML.

<div ng-app = "mainApp" ng-controller = "studentController">

You are entering: {{student.fullName()}}

AngularJS Sample Application

Enter last name: Parashar

You are entering: Mahesh Parashar

Sr.No. Name Description

1 uppercase converts a text to upper case text.

2 lowercase converts a text to lower case text.

3 currency formats text in a currency format.

4 filter filter the array to a subset of it based on provided criteria.

5 orderby orders the array based on provided criteria.