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Lesson Plan: Lesson: First Row D-Block Elements

Students will be able to : 1. Give the electronic configuration of the 1st row d-block elements. 2. Explain the variation in melting points and densities of these elements in terms of their structure and bonding. 3. Define 1st and 2nd ionisation energies of an element.

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MarcTnn
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63 views

Lesson Plan: Lesson: First Row D-Block Elements

Students will be able to : 1. Give the electronic configuration of the 1st row d-block elements. 2. Explain the variation in melting points and densities of these elements in terms of their structure and bonding. 3. Define 1st and 2nd ionisation energies of an element.

Uploaded by

MarcTnn
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson Plan

Lesson: First Row d-block Elements

Aim: To investigate the variation in physical properties of the first row d-block elements

Learning Outcomes :

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to :


1. give the electronic configuration of the 1st row d-block elements
2. explain the variation in melting points and densities of these elements in terms of their structure and
bonding.
3. define 1st and 2nd ionisation energies of an element.
4. explain the variation in successive ionisation energies of the 1st row d-block elements.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already :


1. be familiar with the principles governing the filling of atomic orbitals.
2. know the link between melting point and the strength of bonding in metals.
3. be familiar with the concept of delocalised electrons.
4. know the factors that determine the ionisation energy of an element.

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.


2. Enable students to know what to look for.
3. Teach students how to manage data and interpreting it graphically.

Time taken to complete the activities : 80 minutes

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity. The pop-up
answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their responses. Worksheet
questions include questions that require recall, understanding and application of the new concepts
learned.

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 1


Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources


1 Set Induction. • Teacher to quiz students on the
(Ascertaining prior electronic configuration (using s, p and d
knowledge and notations) of some elements
introducing lesson
topic for the day). • Teacher to show students samples of
some 1st row d-block elements (eg. zinc,
copper, iron) to introduce lesson topic for
the day.

2 Student Activity • Teacher to go through Activities 1 - 3 with • Courseware


the students.

• Activity 1 : Introducing the 1st row d-


block elements.
Use the periodic table to introduce the
1st row d-block elements.

• Activity 2 : Trends within the d-block


elements.
Get students to view pictures of these
elements and to examine the variations in
their melting point and density across the
period. Students get to link the high
melting points and densities to the special
3d 4s electron configuration of these
elements.

• Activity 3 : Trends with ionisation


energy.
Get students to note how the first
ionisation energies of the 1st row d-block
elements are almost similar and to link
this observation to the shielding effect of
the 3d electrons. Get students to find the
successive ionisation energies of
scandium, chromium and manganese and
to link unexpectedly high values to the
breaking of stable electron configuration
(full or half-full subshells).

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet


student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to go through the extension • Website


activities on their own. • Reference
books

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 2


Worksheet Answers

1. Introducing the 1st row d-block elements

1.1 a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2


b. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
c. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
d. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1

1.2 a. Iron, Proton number = 26

3s 3p 3d
b.

2. Trends within the d-block elements.

2.1 a. The change in atomic radii from Sc to Ni is more gradual (almost


constant).

b. There is a relatively small difference in effective nuclear charge.


This is because each additional electron enters the 3d subshell where it provides a more
effective shield between the nucleus and the outer 4s shell of electrons. Hence, although each
successive nucleus has one more proton, this extra positive charge is partly shielded from the
outer 4s electrons by the extra electron in an underlying 3d shell.

c. Chromium has a much smaller atomic radius than potassium but a bigger mass. The density
is therefore much greater.

2.2 a. They have delocalized electrons which are free to move through the solid lattice and conduct
heat and electricity.

b. Both their 3d and 4s orbitals can contribute to the delocalized sea of electrons for metallic
bonding. They therefore have very strong metallic bonds which require a large amount of
energy to break.

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 3


3. Trends with ionisation energy.

3.1 a. Fe (g) Æ Fe+(g) + e-


b. Fe+(g) 2+
Æ Fe (g) + e
-

3.2 a. The atomic radii remain almost constant from titanium to copper.
The attractive forces on the outer electron electrons remain almost constant as the increase in
nuclear charge is balanced by the increased shielding of the electrons in the 3d orbitals.

b. The outer shell electronic configuration of Cu is 3d10 4s1.


Removal of a second electron would involve breaking up of the full d-subshell which is stable.

c. This is because Cr+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ all have relative stable d5 (half-filled subshell) configuration.

d. The outer shell electronic configuration of Fe2+ is 3d6.


The ionisation of d6 ions (Fe2+) is favoured due to inter-electron repulsion. The resulting
electronic configuration of Fe3+ has extra stability due to its half-filled 3d orbitals.

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 4

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