Models - Sme.vibrating Deep Beam
Models - Sme.vibrating Deep Beam
3a
This model is licensed under the COMSOL Software License Agreement 5.3a.
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Introduction
This example studies free and forced vibrations of a deep beam. With the increase of the
ratio of section area per beam length, shear deformations and rotational inertia effects can
no longer be neglected as it is done in the Euler-Bernoulli theory.
The solution for Eigenfrequency, frequency response and transient analysis are computed
using a Timoshenko beam and compared with analytical results.
Model Definition
The model studied in this example consists of a simply supported square beam, which one
extremity is pinned with a constraint rotation in the beam axis. At the other extremity of
the beam the displacement in the beam cross section are constraint.
For the forced vibration cases a load in the y-direction is applied all along the beam.
GEOMETRY
• Beam length, L = 10 m
• Beam cross section dimension l = 2 m
MATERIAL
• Young’s modulus, E = 200 GPa
• Poisson’s ratio, ν = 0.3
• Mass density, ρ = 8000 kg/m3
• Rayleigh damping coefficient: α = 5.36 s-1, β = 7.46e-5 m/s
CONSTRAINTS
At x = 0, u = v = w =0; thx =0
At x = 10, u = 0
LOAD CASES
The load with a magnitude F0 = 106N/m is applied and oriented in the positive y-
direction. The following forced vibration cases are studied:
MESH
To satisfy the benchmark specifications, 5 edge elements are used to mesh the geometry.
Free vibration
In Table 1 the computed results are compared with the analytical results for the free
vibration case. The agreement is good. The accuracy decreases with increasing complexity
of the mode shape, because the possibility for the relatively coarse mesh to describe such
a shape is limited.
TABLE 1: COMPARISON BETWEEN ANALYTICAL AND COMPUTED NATURAL FREQUENCIES
Reference
1. J. Maguire, D.J. Dawswell, L. Gould, “Selected Benchmarks for Forced Vibration,”
NAFEMS R0016, 1989.
Modeling Instructions
From the File menu, choose New.
NEW
In the New window, click Model Wizard.
GEOMETRY 1
MATERIALS
Material 1 (mat1)
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) right-click Materials and
choose Blank Material.
2 In the Settings window for Material, locate the Material Contents section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
BEAM (BEAM)
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) click Beam (beam).
2 In the Settings window for Beam, locate the Beam Formulation section.
Section Orientation 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Cross Section Data 1 node, then click
Section Orientation 1.
2 In the Settings window for Section Orientation, locate the Section Orientation section.
3 From the Orientation method list, choose Orientation vector.
4 Specify the V vector as
0 x
0 y
1 z
Prescribed Displacement/Rotation 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Prescribed Displacement/Rotation.
2 Select Point 1 only.
3 In the Settings window for Prescribed Displacement/Rotation, locate the
Prescribed Displacement section.
4 Select the Prescribed in x direction check box.
5 Select the Prescribed in y direction check box.
6 Select the Prescribed in z direction check box.
7 Locate the Prescribed Rotation section. Select the Prescribed in x direction check box.
Prescribed Displacement/Rotation 2
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Prescribed Displacement/Rotation.
2 Select Point 2 only.
3 In the Settings window for Prescribed Displacement/Rotation, locate the
Prescribed Displacement section.
MESH 1
On the Mesh toolbar, click Boundary and choose Edge.
Edge 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Mesh 1 click Edge 1.
2 In the Settings window for Edge, locate the Edge Selection section.
3 From the Geometric entity level list, choose Entire geometry.
4 On the Mesh toolbar, click Distribution.
Distribution 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Mesh 1>Edge 1 click
Distribution 1.
2 In the Settings window for Distribution, locate the Distribution section.
3 In the Number of elements text field, type 5.
4 Click Build All.
STUDY 1
In the Settings window for Study, type Free Vibration in the Label text field.
FREE VIBRATION
Step 1: Eigenfrequency
1 In the Model Builder window, under Free Vibration click Step 1: Eigenfrequency.
2 In the Settings window for Eigenfrequency, locate the Study Settings section.
3 Select the Desired number of eigenfrequencies check box.
4 In the associated text field, type 10.
5 In the Search for eigenfrequencies around text field, type 40.
To get all eigenfrequencies, including the duplicates at higher frequency, set a tighter
tolerance in the solver sequence by following the steps below.
Solution 1 (sol1)
1 On the Study toolbar, click Show Default Solver.
2 In the Model Builder window, expand the Solution 1 (sol1) node, then click
Eigenvalue Solver 1.
GLOBAL DEFINITIONS
Parameters
1 In the Model Builder window, under Global Definitions click Parameters.
2 In the Settings window for Parameters, locate the Parameters section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
BEAM (BEAM)
Edge Load 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Edges and choose Edge Load.
2 In the Settings window for Edge Load, locate the Edge Selection section.
3 From the Selection list, choose All edges.
4 Locate the Force section. Specify the FL vector as
0 x
0 y
F0 z
Damping 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Attributes and choose Damping.
2 In the Settings window for Damping, locate the Damping Settings section.
3 In the αdM text field, type 5.36.
4 In the βdK text field, type 7.46e-5.
STUDY 2
Step 1: Eigenfrequency
1 In the Model Builder window, click Study 2.
2 In the Settings window for Study, type Harmonic Forced Vibration in the Label text
field.
3 Locate the Study Settings section. Clear the Generate default plots check box.
RESULTS
Cut Point 3D 1
1 On the Results toolbar, click Cut Point 3D.
2 In the Settings window for Cut Point 3D, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Harmonic Forced Vibration/Solution 2 (sol2).
4 Locate the Point Data section. In the X text field, type 5.
5 In the Y text field, type 0.
6 In the Z text field, type 0.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click Harmonic Peak Displacement and choose Point Graph.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the Expression text field, type beam.uAmpZ.
4 From the Unit list, choose mm.
5 On the Harmonic Peak Displacement toolbar, click Plot.
Point Graph 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Results>Harmonic Peak Stress node, then click
Point Graph 1.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the Expression text field, type abs(beam.sb1).
4 From the Unit list, choose MPa.
5 On the Harmonic Peak Stress toolbar, click Plot.
Line Maximum 1
1 On the Results toolbar, click More Derived Values and choose Maximum>Line Maximum.
2 In the Settings window for Line Maximum, type Harmonic Peak Displacement in the
Label text field.
3 Locate the Data section. From the Data set list, choose Harmonic Forced Vibration/
Solution 2 (sol2).
4 From the Parameter selection (freq) list, choose From list.
5 In the Parameter values (freq (Hz)) list, select 42.65.
6 Click in the Graphics window and then press Ctrl+A to select all edges.
8 Click Evaluate.
Expression Unit
abs(beam.sb1) MPa
DEFINITIONS
Interpolation 1 (int1)
1 On the Home toolbar, click Functions and choose Global>Interpolation.
2 In the Settings window for Interpolation, locate the Definition section.
3 In the Function name text field, type phase.
4 In the table, enter the following settings:
t f(t)
20 -pi/2
60 pi/2
5 Locate the Interpolation and Extrapolation section. From the Interpolation list, choose
Nearest neighbor.
6 Locate the Units section. In the Arguments text field, type Hz.
7 In the Function text field, type rad.
BEAM (BEAM)
Edge Load 2
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Edges and choose Edge Load.
2 Click in the Graphics window and then press Ctrl+A to select all edges.
0 x
0 y
F0 z
Phase 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Attributes and choose Phase.
2 In the Settings window for Phase, locate the Load Phase section.
3 Specify the φ vector as
0 x
0 y
phase(freq) z
ADD STUDY
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Study to open the Add Study window.
2 Go to the Add Study window.
3 Find the Studies subsection. In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies>
Frequency Domain.
4 Click Add Study.
5 On the Home toolbar, click Add Study to close the Add Study window.
STUDY 3
Solution 4 (sol4)
1 On the Study toolbar, click Show Default Solver.
2 In the Model Builder window, expand the Solution 4 (sol4) node, then click FFT Solver 1.
3 In the Settings window for FFT Solver, locate the General section.
4 From the Defined by study step list, choose User defined.
5 In the Model Builder window, click Study 3.
6 In the Settings window for Study, type Periodic Forced Vibration in the Label text
field.
7 Locate the Study Settings section. Clear the Generate default plots check box.
8 On the Study toolbar, click Compute.
RESULTS
Cut Point 3D 2
1 On the Results toolbar, click Cut Point 3D.
2 In the Settings window for Cut Point 3D, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Periodic Forced Vibration/Solution 4 (sol4).
4 Locate the Point Data section. In the X text field, type 5.
5 In the Y text field, type 0.
6 In the Z text field, type 0.
1D Plot Group 5
1 On the Results toolbar, click 1D Plot Group.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click Periodic Peak Displacement and choose Point Graph.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the Expression text field, type w.
4 From the Unit list, choose mm.
5 On the Periodic Peak Displacement toolbar, click Plot.
Point Graph 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Results>Periodic Peak Stress node, then click
Point Graph 1.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the Expression text field, type beam.sb1.
4 From the Unit list, choose MPa.
5 On the Periodic Peak Stress toolbar, click Plot.
Line Maximum 3
1 On the Results toolbar, click More Derived Values and choose Maximum>Line Maximum.
2 In the Settings window for Line Maximum, type Periodic Peak Displacement in the
Label text field.
3 Locate the Data section. From the Data set list, choose Periodic Forced Vibration/
Solution 4 (sol4).
4 Click in the Graphics window and then press Ctrl+A to select all edges.
5 Locate the Expressions section. In the table, enter the following settings:
Expression Unit
abs(w) mm
6 Locate the Data Series Operation section. From the Operation list, choose Maximum.
Expression Unit
abs(beam.sb1) MPa
BEAM (BEAM)
Edge Load 3
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Edges and choose Edge Load.
2 In the Settings window for Edge Load, locate the Edge Selection section.
3 From the Selection list, choose All edges.
4 Locate the Force section. Specify the FL vector as
0 x
0 y
F0 z
ADD STUDY
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Study to open the Add Study window.
2 Go to the Add Study window.
3 Find the Studies subsection. In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies>
Time Dependent.
4 Click Add Study in the window toolbar.
5 On the Home toolbar, click Add Study to close the Add Study window.
STUDY 4
Solution 6 (sol6)
On the Study toolbar, click Show Default Solver.
TR A N S I E N T F O RC E D V I B R A T I O N
Solution 6 (sol6)
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Solution 6 (sol6) node.
2 In the Model Builder window, expand the Transient Forced Vibration>
Solver Configurations>Solution 6 (sol6)>Dependent Variables 1 node, then click
Displacement field (comp1.u).
3 In the Settings window for Field, locate the Scaling section.
4 From the Method list, choose Manual.
5 In the Scale text field, type 1e-4.
6 In the Model Builder window, under Transient Forced Vibration>Solver Configurations>
Solution 6 (sol6) click Time-Dependent Solver 1.
7 In the Settings window for Time-Dependent Solver, click to expand the Time stepping
section.
8 Locate the Time Stepping section. From the Steps taken by solver list, choose
Intermediate.
9 Click Compute.
Cut Point 3D 3
1 On the Results toolbar, click Cut Point 3D.
2 In the Settings window for Cut Point 3D, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Transient Forced Vibration/Solution 6 (sol6).
4 Locate the Point Data section. In the X text field, type 5.
5 In the Y text field, type 0.
6 In the Z text field, type 0.
1D Plot Group 7
1 On the Results toolbar, click 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Transient Peak Displacement in the
Label text field.
3 Locate the Data section. From the Data set list, choose Cut Point 3D 3.
4 Locate the Plot Settings section. Select the x-axis label check box.
5 In the associated text field, type Time (s).
6 Select the y-axis label check box.
7 In the associated text field, type Displacement (mm).
8 Locate the Axis section. Select the Manual axis limits check box.
9 In the x minimum text field, type -1e-2.
10 In the x maximum text field, type 0.5.
11 In the y minimum text field, type -1e-2.
12 In the y maximum text field, type 1.1.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click Transient Peak Displacement and choose Point Graph.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the Expression text field, type w.
4 From the Unit list, choose mm.
5 On the Transient Peak Displacement toolbar, click Plot.
Line Maximum 5
1 On the Results toolbar, click More Derived Values and choose Maximum>Line Maximum.
8 Locate the Data Series Operation section. From the Operation list, choose Maximum.
9 Click Evaluate.
3 Locate the Expressions section. In the table, enter the following settings:
Expression Unit
abs(beam.sb1) MPa
FREE VIBRATION
Step 1: Eigenfrequency
1 In the Model Builder window, under Free Vibration click Step 1: Eigenfrequency.
2 In the Settings window for Eigenfrequency, locate the Physics and Variables Selection
section.
3 Select the Modify model configuration for study step check box.
4 In the Physics and variables selection tree, select Component 1 (comp1)>Beam (beam)>
Linear Elastic Material 1>Damping 1.
5 Click Disable.