Functions – is a way of modularizing your program

Syntax of function declaration: return_type function_name(parameter list)

Function Call by Value

1.) Function without return type and without parameter list

Example : void function_name();

In this type of function declaration: Input, Process and Output is in the User-Defined
Function

2.) Function without return type and without parameter list

Example : void function_name(int num);

In this type of function declaration: Input is in main, Process and Output is in the User-
Defined Function

3.) Function with return type and without parameter list

Example : int function_name();

In this type of function declaration: Input and Process is in the User-Defined Function
and Output is in main.

4.) Function with return type and with parameter list

Example : int function_name(int num);

In this type of function declaration: Input is in main, Process is in the User-Defined

Function and Output is in main.

Sample Programming Problem:

1.) Create a C++ program that will prompt the user to input two numbers and output the
highest number entered.

//Solution 1 - Function without return type and without parameter list

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void highest(); //function declaration

int main()
{
highest(); //function call

system("pause");
return 0;
}

void highest() //function definition or function body

{
int num1, num2, high;

//input
cout<<"Input first number : ";
cin>>num1;
cout<<"Input second number : ";
cin>>num2;

//process
if(num1 > num2)
high = num1;
else
high = num2;

//output
cout<<"Highest = "<<high<<endl;
}

//Solution 2 - Function without return type and with parameter list

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void highest(int num1, int num2); //function declaration

int main()

{ int num1, num2;

//input

cout<<"Input first number : ";

cin>>num1;

cout<<"Input second number : ";

cin>>num2;

highest(num1, num2); //function call

system("pause");

return 0;

void highest(int num1, int num2) //function definition or function body

{ int high;

//process

if(num1 > num2)

high = num1;

else

high = num2;

//output

cout<<"Highest = "<<high<<endl;

//Solution 3 - Function with return type and without parameter list

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int highest(); //function declaration

int main()
{ int high;

high = highest(); //function call

//output
cout<<"Highest = "<<high<<endl;

return 0;
}

int highest() //function definition or function body

{
int num1, num2, high;

//input
cout<<"Input first number : ";
cin>>num1;
cout<<"Input second number : ";
cin>>num2;

//process
if(num1 > num2)
high = num1;
else
high = num2;

return high;
}

//Solution 4 - Function with return type and with parameter list

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int highest(int num1, int num2); //function declaration

int main()
{ int num1, num2, high;

//input
cout<<"Input first number : ";
cin>>num1;
 cout<<"Input second number : ";
cin>>num2;

high = highest(num1, num2); //function call

//output
cout<<"Highest = "<<high<<endl;

return 0;
}

int highest(int num1, int num2) //function definition or function body

{
int high;

//process
if(num1 > num2)
high = num1;
else
high = num2;

return high;
}

Additional Example :

1.) Create a C++ program that will generate a random number in the range of -10 to 10.
Determine if the generated random number is negative or positive and even or odd.
Implement this using function.

#include <iostream> //cin and cout

#include <cctype> //cin and cout
#include <cstdlib> //rand and srand
#include <ctime> //time

using namespace std;

int RandomNumber();
void PositiveNegative(int randomNumber);
void EvenOdd(int randomNumber);

int main()
{
int randomNumber;
char tryagain;
 do
{ randomNumber = RandomNumber();

cout<<endl<<"The computer generate this random number

"<<randomNumber<<endl;
PositiveNegative(randomNumber);
EvenOdd(randomNumber);

cout<<endl<<endl<<"Press [Y/y] to try again."<<endl;

cin>>tryagain;
tryagain = toupper(tryagain);
}while(tryagain == 'Y');

return 0;
}

int RandomNumber()
{
int randomNumber;

srand(time(0));

randomNumber = rand() % 21 - 10; //-10 to 10

return randomNumber;
}

void PositiveNegative(int randomNumber)

{
if(randomNumber < 0)
cout<<endl<<randomNumber<<" is negative"<<endl;
else
cout<<endl<<randomNumber<<" is positive"<<endl;
}

void EvenOdd(int randomNumber)

{
if(randomNumber % 2 == 0)
cout<<endl<<randomNumber<<" is even"<<endl;
else
cout<<endl<<randomNumber<<" is odd"<<endl;
}
2.) Create a C++ program that will ask user to input how many random numbers to display
in the range of 1 to 10 by pressing [S/s] it will compute and display the sum of all the
random numbers generated and by pressing [P/p] it will compute and display the
product of all the random numbers generated. Use function declaration with return
type.

#include <iostream> //cin and cout

#include <cctype> //cin and cout
#include <cstdlib> //rand and srand
#include <ctime> //time

using namespace std;

char Menu();
int inputHowMany();
int SumOfRandom(int howmany);
int ProductOfRandom(int howmany);

int main()
{
char choice, tryagain;
int howmany, sum, prod;

do
{ choice = Menu();

if(choice == 'S')
{
howmany = inputHowMany();
cout<<endl<<"The Computer will now generate the "<<howmany<<"
random Numbers in the range of 1 to 10."<<endl;
sum = SumOfRandom(howmany);
cout<<endl<<"Sum of all the random numbers generated =
"<<sum<<endl;
}
else if(choice == 'P')
{
howmany = inputHowMany();
cout<<endl<<"The Computer will now generate the "<<howmany<<"
random Numbers in the range of 1 to 10."<<endl;
prod = ProductOfRandom(howmany);
cout<<endl<<"Product of all the random numbers generated =
"<<prod<<endl;
}
cout<<endl<<"Press [Y/y] to try again"<<endl;
cin>>tryagain;
 tryagain = toupper(tryagain);
}while(tryagain=='Y');
return 0;
}

char Menu()
{ char choice;
do{
cout<<endl<<"Press [S/s] to compute the sum of random numbers in the range of 1
to 10";
cout<<endl<<"Press [P/p] to compute the product of random numbers in the
range of 1 to 10";
cout<<endl<<"Press [X/x] to exit"<<endl;
cin>>choice;
choice = toupper(choice);
if(choice!='P' && choice!='S' && choice!='X')
cout<<endl<<choice<<" is INVALID! Please check the VALID option."<<endl;
}while(choice!='P' && choice!='S' && choice!='X');

return choice;
}
int inputHowMany()
{ int howmany;
do
{
cout<<endl<<"How many random numbers in the range 1-10 would you like
to generate (1-100)? ";
cin>>howmany;
if(howmany<1 || howmany>100)
cout<<endl<<howmany<<" is INVALID! 1-100 only."<<endl;
}while(howmany<1 || howmany>100);

return howmany;
}

int SumOfRandom(int howmany)

{ int randomNumber, sum, ctr;

srand(time(0));

for(sum=0, ctr=1; ctr<=howmany; ctr++)

{
randomNumber = rand() % 10 + 1;
cout<<randomNumber<<"\t";
sum += randomNumber;
}

return sum;
}

int ProductOfRandom(int howmany)

{ int randomNumber, prod, ctr;

srand(time(0));

for(prod=1, ctr=1; ctr<=howmany; ctr++)

{
randomNumber = rand() % 10 + 1;
cout<<randomNumber<<"\t";
prod *= randomNumber;
}

return prod;
}