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Linearangularconcepts

This document outlines linear and angular concepts that are applied to biomechanics. It compares 11 pairs of linear and angular concepts, including time, position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, forces and torques, inertia, momentum, Newton's laws of motion, conservation of energy and momentum, and action-reaction relationships. Key linear concepts like mass, force, and momentum are compared to analogous angular concepts like moment of inertia, torque, and angular momentum. The document was authored by Dr. Eugene W. Brown from Michigan State University.

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Carlos Muñoz
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115 views2 pages

Linearangularconcepts

This document outlines linear and angular concepts that are applied to biomechanics. It compares 11 pairs of linear and angular concepts, including time, position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, forces and torques, inertia, momentum, Newton's laws of motion, conservation of energy and momentum, and action-reaction relationships. Key linear concepts like mass, force, and momentum are compared to analogous angular concepts like moment of inertia, torque, and angular momentum. The document was authored by Dr. Eugene W. Brown from Michigan State University.

Uploaded by

Carlos Muñoz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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Linear and Angular Concepts Applied to Biomechanics

Linear Angular
1. Time (t) 1. Time (t)
2. Position 2. Orientation
3. Linear displacement (d) 3. Angular displacement ()
4. Linear velocity (V)= d/t 4. Angular velocity ()=/t
5. Linear acceleration (A)= V/t 5. Angular acceleration ()=/t
6. Force = mass x acceleration 6. Torque ()= force x perpendicular
distance
An imbalancing force causes linear An imbalancing torque causes
acceleration. rotational acceleration.
7. Newton’s 1st Law - the law of 7. Newton’s 1st Law - the law of
inertia inertia
A body at rest remains at rest and a A body at rest remains at rest and a
body in motion remains in motion in a body that is rotating remains rotating
straight line unless acted upon by an unless acted upon by an outside torque.
outside force.

Inertia is the property of a body that Moment of inertia (I) is the property
resists changes in position or linear of a body that resists changes in position
motion. or angular motion.

Mass (M) is a measure of inertia. I=Mr2


Note that I is a product of the mass of
the rotating object and square of the
distance that the mass is located from the
point of rotation.
8. Newton’s 2nd Law - the law of 8. Newton’s 2nd Law - law of angular
linear acceleration (also known as acceleration (also known as the Law
the Law of Momentum) of Angular Momentum)

The linear acceleration of an object is The angular acceleration of an object


directly proportional to the force and directly proportional to the torque and
inversely proportional to mass. inversely proportional to the moment of
inertia.

F = M x A, where F is force, M is mass  = I x , where I is the moment of


and A is acceleration. inertia and  is the angular acceleration.
Note that F = M x V/t and Ft =MxV Note that T = I x /t and Tt = I
Ft is a quantity called impulse and MV I is a quantity called angular
is momentum. momentum.
In other words, the application of force In other words, the application of a
to an object for a period of time causes torque to an object for a period of time
the object to change its linear causes the object to change its angular
momentum. momentum.
9. Conservation of linear momentum 9. Conservation of angular momentum
In any system the linear momentum In any system the angular momentum
does not change unless an outside force does not change unless an outside torque
is applied to the system. is applied to the system.

Application of the conservation of


angular momentum to the kinetic link
principle
10. Conservation of energy 10. Conservation of energy
The energy of a system is conserved. The energy of a system is conserved.

Potential energy (PE) = Mgh, it is


energy do to position.

Kinetic energy (KE) = 1/2MV2,, it is Angular kinetic energy = 1/2xI2, it is


energy do to linear velocity (motion). energy do to angular velocity (motion).
11. Newton’s 3rd Law - the law of 11. Newton’s 3rd Law
action and reaction
For every action (force) there is an For every torque there is an equal and
equal and opposite reaction (force). opposite torque.
Dr. Eugene W. Brown
Department of Kinesiology
Michigan State University

Linang.doc

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