c





Q1.What is the difference between procedural and object-oriented programs?

Ans: The difference between procedural and object-oriented programs are
a) In procedural program, programming logic follows certain procedures and the
instructions are executed one after another. In OOP program, unit of program is object,
which is nothing but combination of data and code
b) In procedural program, data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOPs program,
it is accessible with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code.

Q2.What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?

Ans: Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and
keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse.
Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object.
Polymorphism is the feature that allows one interface to be used more than one calss.In
other world we can say polymorphism is a reusability of object in more than one class.

Q3.What is the difference between Assignment and Initialization?

Ans:Assignment can be many times as desired whereas initialization can be only once.

Q4.W hat is OOPs?

Ans: Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data, i. e. , objects and a
set of well defined interfaces to that data. An object-oriented program can be characterized
as data controlling access to code.

Q5.What are Class, Constructor and Primitive data types?

Ans: Class is a template for multiple objects with similar features and it is a blue print for
objects. It defines a type of object according to the data the object can hold and the
operations the object can perform.
Constructor is a special kind of method that determines how an object is initialized when
created. The name of constructor is same as class name. Primitive data types are 8 types
and they are: byte, short, int, long, float, double, Boolean, char.

Q6.What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it?

Ans: Object is an instance of a class and it is a software unit that combines a structured set
of data with a set of operations for inspecting and manipulating that data. The object is
created by using new keyword. When an object is created using new operator, memory is
allocated to it.

Q7.What is the difference between constructor and method?

Ans: Constructor will be automatically invoked when an object is created whereas method
has to be called explicitly by using dot(.) operator .

Q8:What are methods and how are they defined?

Ans: Methods are functions that operate on instances of classes in which they are defined.
By use of the method objects can communicate with each other and can call methods in
other classes. Method definition has four parts. They are name of the method, type of object
or primitive type the method returns, a list of parameters and the body of the method. A
method¶s signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned above.

Q9:What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?

Ans: Bin contains all tools such as javac, appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains
API and all packages.

Q10: What is casting?

Ans: Casting is process of convert the value of one type to another.

Q11: How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain them?
Ans: An argument can be passed in two ways. They are passing by value and passing by
reference.
Passing by value: This method copies the value of an argument into the formal parameter of
the subroutine.
Passing by reference: In this method, a reference to an argument (not the value of the
argument) is passed to the parameter.

Q12:What is the difference between an argument and a parameter?

Ans: At time of defining method, variables passed in the method are called parameters
At time of using those methods, values passed to those variables are called arguments.
13:What are different types of access modifiers?
Ans:There are following four types of access modifiers
public: Any thing declared as public can be accessed from anywhere.
private: Any thing declared as private can¶t be seen outside of its class.
protected: Any thing declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same package
and subclasses in the other packages.
default modifier : Can be accessed only to classes in the same package.

Q14 : When we can declare a method as abstract method ?

Ans: When we have to want child class to implement the behavior of the method.

Q15: Can We call a abstract method from a non abstract method ?

Ans : Yes, We can call a abstract method from a Non abstract method in a Java abstract
class

Q16: What is the difference between an Abstract class and Interface ? And can you explain
when you are using an Abstract classes ?
Ans: Abstract classes let you define some behaviors; they force your subclasses to provide
others. These abstract classes will provide the basic functionality of your application, child
class which inherited this class will provide the functionality of the abstract methods in
abstract class. When base class calls this method, Java calls the method defined by the child
class. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement
default behavior.
Interfaces provide a form of multiple inheritance. A class can extend only one other class.
Interfaces are limited to public methods and constants with no implementation. Abstract
classes can have a partial implementation, protected parts, static methods, etc.
A Class may implement several interfaces. But in case of abstract class, a class may extend
only one abstract class.Interfaces are slow as it requires extra indirection to find
corresponding method in the actual class. Abstract classes are fast.

Q17: What is user-defined exception in java ?

Ans: User-defined expectations are the exceptions defined by the application developer
which are errors related to specific application. Application Developer can define the user
defined exception by inherited the Exception class as shown below. Using this class we can
throw new exceptions for this we have use throw keyword .
Example of user define exception Java Example :

1.Create an class which extends Exception:-

public class greaterVlaueException extends Exception {
}
2.Throw an exception using a throw statement:
public class Fund {
...
public Object getFunds() throws greaterVlaueException {
if (id>2000) throw new greaterVlaueException();
...
}
}
User-defined exceptions should usually be checked.
Q18 : What is the difference between checked and Unchecked Exceptions in Java ?
Ans: All predefined exceptions in Java are either a checked exception or an unchecked
exception. Checked exceptions must be caught using try .. catch() block or we should throw
the exception using throws clause. If you don't, compilation of program will fail. All
exceptions in RuntimeExcetption and Error class are unchecked exception.

Q19: Explain garbage collection ?

Ans: Garbage collection is an important part of Java's security strategy. Garbage collection
is also called automatic memory management as JVM automatically removes the unused
variables/objects from the memory. The name "garbage collection" implies that objects that
are no longer needed by the program are "garbage" and this object will destroy by garbage
collector. A more accurate and up-to-date metaphor might be "memory recycling." When an
object is no longer referenced by the program, the heap space it occupies must be recycled
so that the space is available for subsequent new objects. The garbage collector must
somehow determine which objects are no longer referenced by the program and make
available the heap space occupied by such unreferenced objects. In the process of freeing
unreferenced objects, the garbage collector must run any finalizers of objects being freed.

Q20 : How you can force the garbage collection ?

Ans: Garbage collection automatic process and can't be forced. We can call garbage
collector in Java by calling System.gc() and Runtime.gc(), JVM tries to recycle the unused
objects, but there is no guarantee when all the objects will garbage collected.

Q21 : What are the static fields & static Methods ?

Ans: If a field or method defined as a static, there is only one copy for entire class, rather
than one copy for each instance of class. static method cannot access non-static field or call
non-static method
Q22:What are the Final fields & Final Methods ?
Ans: Fields and methods can also be declared final. Final method: A final method cannot be
overridden in a subclass.
Final field: A final field is like a constant: once it has been given a value, it cannot be
assigned to again.
Q23:Describe the wrapper classes in Java ?
Ans: Wrapper class is wrapper around a primitive data type. An instance of a wrapper class
contains, or wraps, a primitive value of the corresponding type.
Following are the lists of the primitive types and the corresponding wrapper classes:
Primitive Wrapper
boolean java.lang.Boolean
byte java.lang.Byte
char java.lang.Character
double java.lang.Double
float java.lang.Float
int java.lang.Integer
long java.lang.Long
short java.lang.Short
void java.lang.Void
Q24: What are different types of inner classes ?
Ans: Inner classes nest within other classes. A normal class is a direct member of a
package. Inner classes, which became available with Java 1.1, are four types:
1.Static member classes
2.Member classes
3.Local classes
4.Anonymous classes
1.Static member classes: A static member class is a static member of a class. Like any
other static method, a static member class has access to all static methods of the parent, or
top-level, class.
2.Member Classes: A member class is also defined as a member of a class. Unlike the static
variety, the member class is instance specific and has access to any and all methods and
members, even the parent's this reference.
3.Local Classes: Local Classes declared within a block of code and these classes are visible
only within the block.
4.Anonymous Classes: These type of classes does not have any name and its like a local
class

Q25: For concatenation of strings, which method is good, StringBuffer or String ?

Ans : StringBuffer is faster than String for concatenation.

Q26:What is Runnable interface ? Are there any other ways to make a java program as
multithred java program?
Ans: The thread can be create by using two methods:
1.Define a new class that extends the Thread class
2.Define a new class that implements the Runnable interface, and pass an object of that
class to a Thread's constructor.
The advantage of implements the Runnable interface is that the new class can be a subclass
of any class, not just of the Thread class.

Q26 : How can we tell what state a thread is in ?

Ans: Prior to Java 5, isAlive() was commonly used to test a threads state. If isAlive()
returned false the thread was either new or terminated but there was simply no way to
differentiate between the two.

Starting with the release of Tiger (Java 5) you can now get what state a thread is in by
using the getState() method which returns an Enum of Thread.States.

Q27: What methods java providing for Thread communications ?

Ans: Java provides three methods that threads can use to communicate with each other:
wait, notify, and notifyAll.

Q28: What is the difference between notify and notify All methods ?

Ans: A call to notify causes at most one thread waiting on the same object to be notified
(i.e., the object that calls notify must be the same as the object that called wait). A call to
notifyAll causes all threads waiting on the same object to be notified. If more than one
thread is waiting on that object, there is no way to control which of them is notified by a call
to notify (so it is often better to use notifyAll than notify).

Q29: What is synchronized keyword? In what situations you will Use it?
Ans: Synchronization is the act of serializing access to critical sections of code. We will use
this keyword when we expect multiple threads to access/modify the same data. To
understand synchronization we need to look into thread execution manner.

Threads may execute in a manner where their paths of execution are completely
independent of each other. Neither thread depends upon the other for assistance. For
example, one thread might execute a print job, while a second thread repaints a window.
And then there are threads that require synchronization, the act of serializing access to
critical sections of code, at various moments during their executions. For example, say that
two threads need to send data packets over a single network connection. Each thread must
be able to send its entire data packet before the other thread starts sending its data packet;
otherwise, the data is scrambled. This scenario requires each thread to synchronize its
access to the code that does the actual data-packet sending.

If you feel a method is very critical for business that needs to be executed by only one
thread at a time (to prevent data loss or corruption), then we need to use synchronized
keyword.

Q30:What is serialization ?

Ans: Serialization is the process of writing complete state of java object into output stream,
that stream can be file or byte array or stream associated with TCP/IP socket.

Q31: What does the Serializable interface do ?

Ans: Serializable is a tagging interface; it prescribes no methods. It serves to assign the

Serializable data type to the tagged class and to identify the class as one which the
developer has designed for persistence. ObjectOutputStream serializes only those objects
which implement this interface.

Q32: How do I serialize an object to a file ?

Ans: To serialize an object into a stream perform the following actions:

1. Open one of the output streams, for example FileOutputStream.
2. Chain it with the ObjectOutputStream - Call the method writeObject() providing the
instance of a Serializable object as an argument.
3.Close the streams
Java Code
---------

try{
fOut= new FileOutputStream("c:\\raj.ser");
out = new ObjectOutputStream(fOut);
out.writeObject(employee); //serializing
System.out.println("An employee is serialized into c:\\emp.ser");

} catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();

Q33: How do I deserilaize an Object?

Ans:To deserialize an object, perform the following steps:

1.Open an input stream
2.Chain it with the ObjectInputStream - Call the method readObject() and cast the returned
object to the class that is being deserialized.
3.Close the streams
Java Code
try{
fIn= new FileInputStream("c:\\emp.ser");
in = new ObjectInputStream(fIn);

//de-serializing employee
Employee emp = (Employee) in.readObject();

System.out.println("Deserialized " + emp.fName + " "

+ emp.lName + " from emp.ser ");
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(ClassNotFoundException e){
e.printStackTrace(); }

Q34: What is Externalizable Interface ?

Ans: Externalizable interface is a subclass of Serializable. Java provides Externalizable
interface that gives you more control over what is being serialized and it can produce
smaller object footprint.
This interface defines 2 methods: readExternal() and writeExternal() and you have to
implement these methods in the class that will be serialized. In these methods you'll have
to write code that reads/writes only the values of the attributes you are interested in.
Programs that perform serialization and deserialization have to write and read these
attributes in the same sequence.

Introduction to Java Programming

1) The Java interpreter is used for the execution of the source code.

a) True

b) False
Ans: a.

2) On successful compilation a file with the class extension is created.

a) True

b) False

Ans: a.

3) The Java source code can be created in a Notepad editor.

a) True

b) False

Ans: a.

4) The Java Program is enclosed in a class definition.

a) True

b) False

Ans: a.

5) What declarations are required for every Java application?

Ans: A class and the main( ) method declarations.

6) What are the two parts in executing a Java program and their purposes?

Ans: Two parts in executing a Java program are:

Java Compiler and Java Interpreter.

The Java Compiler is used for compilation and the Java Interpreter is used for execution of
the application.

7) What are the three OOPs principles and define them?

Ans : Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism are the three OOPs Principles.

Encapsulation: Is the Mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates, and
keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse.
Inheritance: Is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object.

Polymorphism: Is a feature that allows one interface to be used for a general class of
actions.

8) What is a compilation unit?

Ans : Java source code file.

9) What output is displayed as the result of executing the following statement?

System.out.println("// Looks like a comment.");

// Looks like a comment

The statement results in a compilation error
Looks like a comment
No output is displayed
Ans : a.

10) In order for a source code file, containing the public class Test, to successfully compile,
which of the following must be true?

It must have a package statement

It must be named Test.java
It must import java.lang
It must declare a public class named Test
Ans : b

11) What are identifiers and what is naming convention?

Ans : Identifiers are used for class names, method names and variable names. An identifier
may be any descriptive sequence of upper case & lower case letters,numbers or underscore
or dollar sign and must not begin with numbers.

12) What is the return type of program¶s main( ) method?

Ans : void

13) What is the argument type of program¶s main( ) method?

Ans : string array.

14) Which characters are as first characters of an identifier?

Ans : A ± Z, a ± z, _ ,$

15) What are different comments?

Ans : 1) // -- single line comment

2) /* --

*/ multiple line comment

3) /** --

*/ documentation

16) What is the difference between constructor method and method?

Ans : Constructor will be automatically invoked when an object is created. Whereas method
has to be call explicitly.

17) What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?

Ans : Bin contains all tools such as javac, applet viewer, awt tool etc., whereas Lib contains
all packages and variables

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Data types,variables and Arrays

1) What is meant by variable?

Ans: Variables are locations in memory that can hold values. Before assigning any value to
a variable, it must be declared.

2) What are the kinds of variables in Java? What are their uses?

Ans: Java has three kinds of variables namely, the instance variable, the local variable and
the class variable.

Local variables are used inside blocks as counters or in methods as temporary variables and
are used to store information needed by a single method.

Instance variables are used to define attributes or the state of a particular object and are
used to store information needed by multiple methods in the objects.
Class variables are global to a class and to all the instances of the class and are useful for
communicating between different objects of all the same class or keeping track of global
states.

3) How are the variables declared?

Ans: Variables can be declared anywhere in the method definition and can be initialized
during their declaration.They are commonly declared before usage at the beginning of the
definition.

Variables with the same data type can be declared together. Local variables must be given a
value before usage.

4) What are variable types?

Ans: Variable types can be any data type that java supports, which includes the eight
primitive data types, the name of a class or interface and an array.

5) How do you assign values to variables?

Ans: Values are assigned to variables using the assignment operator =.

6) What is a literal? How many types of literals are there?

Ans: A literal represents a value of a certain type where the type describes how that value
behaves.There are different types of literals namely number literals, character literals,
boolean literals, string literals,etc.

7) What is an array?

Ans: An array is an object that stores a list of items.

8) How do you declare an array?

Ans: Array variable indicates the type of object that the array holds.

Ex: int arr[];

9) Java supports multidimensional arrays.

a)True

b)False
Ans: a.

10) An array of arrays can be created.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

11) What is a string?

Ans: A combination of characters is called as string.

12) Strings are instances of the class String.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

13) When a string literal is used in the program, Java automatically creates instances of the
string class.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

14) Which operator is to create and concatenate string?

Ans: Addition operator(+).

15) Which of the following declare an array of string objects?

String[ ] s;
String [ ]s:
String[ s]:
String s[ ]:
Ans : a, b and d

16) What is the value of a[3] as the result of the following array declaration?
1
2
3
4
Ans : d

17) Which of the following are primitive types?

byte
String
integer
Float
Ans : a.

18) What is the range of the char type?

0 to 2 16
0 to 2 15
0 to 2 16-1
0 to 2 15-1
Ans. d

19) What are primitive data types?

Ans : byte, short, int, long

float, double

boolean

char

20) What are default values of different primitive types?

Ans :

int - 0

short - 0

byte - 0

long - 0 l

float - 0.0 f
double - 0.0 d

boolean - false

char - null

21) Converting of primitive types to objects can be explicitly.

a)True

b)False

Ans: b.

22) How do we change the values of the elements of the array?

Ans : The array subscript expression can be used to change the values of the elements of
the array.

23) What is final varaible?

Ans : If a variable is declared as final variable, then you can not change its value. It
becomes constant.

24) What is static variable?

Ans : Static variables are shared by all instances of a class.

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Operators
1) What are operators and what are the various types of operators available in Java?

Ans: Operators are special symbols used in expressions. The following are the types of
operators:

Arithmetic operators,

Assignment operators,

Increment & Decrement operators,

Logical operators,

Biwise operators,

Comparison/Relational operators and

Conditional operators

2) The ++ operator is used for incrementing and the -- operator is used for

decrementing.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

3) Comparison/Logical operators are used for testing and magnitude.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

4) Character literals are stored as unicode characters.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

5) What are the Logical operators?

Ans: OR(|), AND(&), XOR(^) AND NOT(~).

6) What is the % operator?

Ans : % operator is the modulo operator or reminder operator. It returns the reminder of
dividing the first operand by second operand.

7) What is the value of 111 % 13?

3
5
7
9
Ans : c.

8) Is &&= a valid operator?

Ans : No.

9) Can a double value be cast to a byte?

Ans : Yes

10) Can a byte object be cast to a double value ?

Ans : No. An object cannot be cast to a primitive value.

11) What are order of precedence and associativity?

Ans : Order of precedence the order in which operators are evaluated in expressions.

Associativity determines whether an expression is evaluated left-right or right-left.

12) Which Java operator is right associativity?

Ans : = operator.

13) What is the difference between prefix and postfix of -- and ++ operators?

Ans : The prefix form returns the increment or decrement operation and returns the value
of the increment or decrement operation.

The postfix form returns the current value of all of the expression and then

performs the increment or decrement operation on that value.

14) What is the result of expression 5.45 + "3,2"?

The double value 8.6

The string ""8.6"
The long value 8.
The String "5.453.2"
Ans :d
15) What are the values of x and y ?

x = 5; y = ++x;

Ans : x = 6; y = 6

16) What are the values of x and z?

x = 5; z = x++;

Ans : x = 6; z = 5

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Control Statements
1) What are the programming constructs?

Ans:

a) Sequential

b) Selection -- if and switch statements

c) Iteration -- for loop, while loop and do-while loop

2) class conditional {

public static void main(String args[]) {

int i = 20;

int j = 55;

int z = 0;

z = i < j ? i : j; // ternary operator

System.out.println("The value assigned is " + z);

}
}

What is output of the above program?

Ans: The value assigned is 20

3) The switch statement does not require a break.

a)True

b)False

Ans: b.

4) The conditional operator is otherwise known as the ternary operator.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

5) The while loop repeats a set of code while the condition is false.

a)True

b)False

Ans: b.

6) The do-while loop repeats a set of code atleast once before the condition is tested.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

7) What are difference between break and continue?

Ans: The break keyword halts the execution of the current loop and forces control out of the
loop.

The continue is similar to break, except that instead of halting the execution of the loop, it
starts the next iteration.
8) The for loop repeats a set of statements a certain number of times until a condition is
matched.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

9) Can a for statement loop indefintely?

Ans : Yes.

10) What is the difference between while statement and a do statement/

Ans : A while statement checks at the beginning of a loop to see whether the next loop
iteration should occur.

A do statement checks at the end of a loop to see whether the next iteration of a loop
should occur. The do statement will always execute the body of a loop at least once.

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Introduction to Classes and Methods

1) Which is used to get the value of the instance variables?

Ans: Dot notation.

2) The new operator creates a single instance named class and returns a reference to that
object.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

3) A class is a template for multiple objects with similar features.

a)True
b)False

Ans: a.

4) What is mean by garbage collection?

Ans: When an object is no longer referred to by any variable, Java automatically reclaims
memory used by that object. This is known as garbage collection.

5) What are methods and how are they defined?

Ans: Methods are functions that operate on instances of classes in which they are
defined.Objects can communicate with each other using methods and can call methods in
other classes.

Method definition has four parts. They are name of the method, type of object or primitive
type the method returns, a list of parameters and the body of the method. A method's
signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned above.

6) What is calling method?

Ans: Calling methods are similar to calling or referring to an instance variable. These
methods are accessed using dot notation.

Ex: obj.methodname(param1,param2)

7) Which method is used to determine the class of an object?

Ans: getClass( ) method can be used to find out what class the belongs to. This class is
defined in the object class and is available to all objects.

8) All the classes in java.lang package are automatically imported when a program is
compiled.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

9) How can class be imported to a program?

Ans: To import a class, the import keyword should be used as shown.;

import classname;
10) How can class be imported from a package to a program?

Ans: import java . packagename . classname (or) import java.package name.*;

11) What is a constructor?

Ans: A constructor is a special kind of method that determines how an object is initialized
when created.

12) Which keyword is used to create an instance of a class?

Ans: new.

13) Which method is used to garbage collect an object?

Ans: finalize ().

14) Constructors can be overloaded like regular methods.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

15) What is casting?

Ans: Casting is bused to convert the value of one type to another.

16) Casting between primitive types allows conversion of one primitive type to another.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

17) Casting occurs commonly between numeric types.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.
18) Boolean values can be cast into any other primitive type.

a)True

b)False

Ans: b.

19) Casting does not affect the original object or value.

a)True

b)False

Ans: a.

20) Which cast must be used to convert a larger value into a smaller one?

Ans: Explicit cast.

21) Which cast must be used to cast an object to another class?

Ans: Specific cast.

22) Which of the following features are common to both Java & C++?

A.The class declaration

b.The access modifiers

c.The encapsulation of data & methods with in objects

d.The use of pointers

Ans: a,b,c.

23) Which of the following statements accurately describe the use of access modifiers within
a class definition?

a.They can be applied to both data & methods

b.They must precede a class's data variables or methods

c.They can follow a class's data variables or methods

d.They can appear in any order

e.They must be applied to data variables first and then to methods

Ans: a,b,d.

24) Suppose a given instance variable has been declared private. Can this instance variable
be manipulated by methods out side its class?

a.yes

b.no

Ans: b.

25) Which of the following statements can be used to describe a public method?

a.It is accessible to all other classes in the hierarchy

b.It is accessablde only to subclasses of its parent class

c.It represents the public interface of its class

d.The only way to gain access to this method is by calling one of the public class

methods

Ans: a,c.

26) Which of the following types of class members can be part of the internal part of a
class?

a.Public instance variables

b.Private instance variables

c.Public methods

d.Private methods

Ans: b,d.

27) You would use the ____ operator to create a single instance of a named class.
a.new

b.dot

Ans: a.

28) Which of the following statements correctly describes the relation between an object
and the instance variable it stores?

a.Each new object has its own distinctive set of instance variables

b.Each object has a copy of the instance variables of its class

c.the instance variable of each object are seperate from the variables of other objects

d.The instance variables of each object are stored together with the variables of other
objects

Ans: a,b,c.

29) If no input parameters are specified in a method declaration then the declaration will
include __.

a.an empty set of parantheses

b.the term void

Ans: a.

30) What are the functions of the dot(.) operator?

a.It enables you to access instance variables of any objects within a class

b.It enables you to store values in instance variables of an object

c.It is used to call object methods

d.It is to create a new object

Ans: a,b,c.

31) Which of the following can be referenced by this variable?

a.The instance variables of a class only

b.The methods of a class only

c.The instance variables and methods of a class

Ans: c.

32) The this reference is used in conjunction with ___methods.

a.static

b.non-static

Ans: b.

33) Which of the following operators are used in conjunction with the this and super
references?

a.The new operator

b.The instanceof operator

c.The dot operator

Ans: c.

34) A constructor is automatically called when an object is instantiated

a. true

b. false

Ans: a.

35) When may a constructor be called without specifying arguments?

a. When the default constructor is not called

b. When the name of the constructor differs from that of the class

c. When there are no constructors for the class

Ans: c.

36) Each class in java can have a finalizer method

a. true

b.false

Ans: a.

37) When an object is referenced, does this mean that it has been identified by the finalizer
method for garbage collection?

a.yes

b.no

Ans: b.

38) Because finalize () belongs to the java.lang.Object class, it is present in all ___.

a.objects

b.classes

c.methods

Ans: b.

39) Identify the true statements about finalization.

a.A class may have only one finalize method

b.Finalizers are mostly used with simple classes

c.Finalizer overloading is not allowed

Ans: a,c.

40) When you write finalize() method for your class, you are overriding a finalizer inherited
from a super class.

a.true

b.false

Ans: a.

41) Java memory management mechanism garbage collects objects which are no longer
referenced

a true

b.false

Ans: a.

42) are objects referenced by a variable candidates for garbage collection when the variable
goes out of scope?

a yes

b. no

Ans: a.

43) Java's garbage collector runs as a ___ priority thread waiting for __priority threads to
relinquish the processor.

a.high

b.low

Ans: a,b.

44) The garbage collector will run immediately when the system is out of memory

a.true

b.false

Ans: a.

45) You can explicitly drop a object reference by setting the value of a variable whose data
type is a reference type to ___

Ans: null

46) When might your program wish to run the garbage collecter?

a. before it enters a compute-intense section of code

b. before it enters a memory-intense section of code

c. before objects are finalized

d. when it knows there will be some idle time

Ans: a,b,d

47) For externalizable objects the class is solely responsible for the external format of its
contents

a.true

b.false

Ans: a

48) When an object is stored, are all of the objects that are reachable from that object
stored as well?

a.true

b.false

Ans: a

49) The default__ of objects protects private and trancient data, and supports the __ of the
classes

a.evolution

b.encoding

Ans: b,a.

50) Which are keywords in Java?

a) NULL

b) sizeof

c) friend

d) extends

e) synchronized
Ans : d and e

51) When must the main class and the file name coincide?

Ans :When class is declared public.

52) What are different modifiers?

Ans : public, private, protected, default, static, trancient, volatile, final, abstract.

53) What are access modifiers?

Ans : public, private, protected, default.

54) What is meant by "Passing by value" and " Passing by reference"?

Ans : objects ± pass by referrence

Methods - pass by value

55) Is a class a subclass of itself?

Ans : A class is a subclass itself.

56) What modifiers may be used with top-level class?

Ans : public, abstract, final.

57) What is an example of polymorphism?

Inner class
Anonymous classes
Method overloading
Method overriding
Ans : c

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Packages and interface

1) What are packages ? what is use of packages ?

Ans :The package statement defines a name space in which classes are stored.If you omit
the package, the classes are put into the default package.

Signature... package pkg;

Use: * It specifies to which package the classes defined in a file belongs to. * Package is
both naming and a visibility control mechanism.

2) What is difference between importing "java.applet.Applet" and "java.applet.*;" ?

Ans :"java.applet.Applet" will import only the class Applet from the package java.applet

Where as "java.applet.*" will import all the classes from java.applet package.

3) What do you understand by package access specifier?

Ans : public: Anything declared as public can be accessed from anywhere

private: Anything declared in the private can¶t be seen outside of its class.

default: It is visible to subclasses as well as to other classes in the same package.

4) What is interface? What is use of interface?

Ans : It is similar to class which may contain method¶s signature only but not bodies.

Methods declared in interface are abstract methods. We can implement many interfaces on
a class which support the multiple inheritance.

5) Is it is necessary to implement all methods in an interface?

Ans : Yes. All the methods have to be implemented.

6) Which is the default access modifier for an interface method?

Ans : public.

7) Can we define a variable in an interface ?and what type it should be ?

Ans : Yes we can define a variable in an interface. They are implicitly final and static.

8) What is difference between interface and an abstract class?

Ans : All the methods declared inside an Interface are abstract. Where as abstract class
must have at least one abstract method and others may be concrete or abstract.
In Interface we need not use the keyword abstract for the methods.

9) By default, all program import the java.lang package.

True/False

Ans : True

10) Java compiler stores the .class files in the path specified in CLASSPATH

environmental variable.

True/False

Ans : False

11) User-defined package can also be imported just like the standard packages.

True/False

Ans : True

12) When a program does not want to handle exception, the ______class is used.

Ans : Throws

13) The main subclass of the Exception class is _______ class.

Ans : RuntimeException

14) Only subclasses of ______class may be caught or thrown.

Ans : Throwable

15) Any user-defined exception class is a subclass of the _____ class.

Ans : Exception

16) The catch clause of the user-defined exception class should ______ its Base class catch
clause.

Ans : Exception

17) A _______ is used to separate the hierarchy of the class while declaring an Import
statement.
Ans : Package

18) All standard classes of Java are included within a package called _____.

Ans : java.lang

19) All the classes in a package can be simultaneously imported using ____.

Ans : *

20) Can you define a variable inside an Interface. If no, why? If yes, how?

Ans.: YES. final and static

21) How many concrete classes can you have inside an interface?

Ans.: None

22) Can you extend an interface?

Ans.: Yes

23) Is it necessary to implement all the methods of an interface while implementing the
interface?

Ans.: No

24) If you do not implement all the methods of an interface while implementing , what
specifier should you use for the class ?

Ans.: abstract

25) How do you achieve multiple inheritance in Java?

Ans: Using interfaces.

26) How to declare an interface example?

Ans : access class classname implements interface.

27) Can you achieve multiple interface through interface?

a)True
b) false

Ans : a.

28) Can variables be declared in an interface ? If so, what are the modifiers?

Ans : Yes. final and static are the modifiers can be declared in an interface.

29) What are the possible access modifiers when implementing interface methods?

Ans : public.

30) Can anonymous classes be implemented an interface?

Ans : Yes.

31) Interfaces can¶t be extended.

a)True

b)False

Ans : b.

32) Name interfaces without a method?

Ans : Serializable, Cloneble & Remote.

33) Is it possible to use few methods of an interface in a class ? If so, how?

Ans : Yes. Declare the class as abstract.

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Exception Handling
1) What is the difference between µthrow¶ and µthrows¶ ?And it¶s application?

Ans : Exceptions that are thrown by java runtime systems can be handled by Try and catch
blocks. With throw exception we can handle the exceptions thrown by the program itself. If
a method is capable of causing an exception that it does not

handle, it must specify this behavior so the callers of the method can guard
against that exception.

2) What is the difference between µException¶ and µerror¶ in java?

Ans : Exception and Error are the subclasses of the Throwable class. Exception class is used
for exceptional conditions that user program should catch. With exception class we can
subclass to create our own custom exception.

Error defines exceptions that are not excepted to be caught by you program. Example is
Stack Overflow.

3) What is µResource leak¶?

Ans : Freeing up other resources that might have been allocated at the beginning of a
method.

4)What is the µfinally¶ block?

Ans : Finally block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. If an exception is
thrown, the finally block will execute even if no catch statement match the exception. Any
time a method is about to return to the caller from inside try/catch block, via an uncaught
exception or an explicit return statement, the finally clause is also execute.

5) Can we have catch block with out try block? If so when?

Ans : No. Try/Catch or Try/finally form a unit.

6) What is the difference between the following statements?

Catch (Exception e),

Catch (Error err),

Catch (Throwable t)

Ans :

7) What will happen to the Exception object after exception handling?

Ans : It will go for Garbage Collector. And frees the memory.

8) How many Exceptions we can define in µthrows¶ clause?

Ans : We can define multiple exceptions in throws clause.

Signature is..

type method-name (parameter-list) throws exception-list

9) The finally block is executed when an exception is thrown, even if no catch matches it.

True/False

Ans : True

10) The subclass exception should precede the base class exception when used within the
catch clause.

True/False

Ans : True

11) Exceptions can be caught or rethrown to a calling method.

True/False

Ans : True

12) The statements following the throw keyword in a program are not executed.

True/False

Ans : True

13) The toString ( ) method in the user-defined exception class is overridden.

True/False

Ans : True

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Multi Threading
1) What are the two types of multitasking?

Ans :
1.process-based

2.Thread-based

2) What are the two ways to create the thread?

Ans :

1.by implementing Runnable

2.by extending Thread

3) What is the signature of the constructor of a thread class?

Ans : Thread(Runnable threadob,String threadName)

4) What are all the methods available in the Runnable Interface?

Ans : run()

5) What is the data type for the method isAlive() and this method is available in which
class?

Ans : boolean, Thread

6) What are all the methods available in the Thread class?

Ans :

1.isAlive()

2.join()

3.resume()

4.suspend()

5.stop()

6.start()

7.sleep()

8.destroy()
7) What are all the methods used for Inter Thread communication and what is the class in
which these methods are defined?

Ans :

1. wait(),notify() & notifyall()

2. Object class

8) What is the mechanisam defind by java for the Resources to be used by only one Thread
at a time?

Ans : Synchronisation

9) What is the procedure to own the moniter by many threads?

Ans : not possible

10) What is the unit for 1000 in the below statement?

ob.sleep(1000)

Ans : long milliseconds

11) What is the data type for the parameter of the sleep() method?

Ans : long

12) What are all the values for the following level?

max-priority

min-priority

normal-priority

Ans : 10,1,5

13) What is the method available for setting the priority?

Ans : setPriority()

14) What is the default thread at the time of starting the program?
Ans : main thread

15) The word synchronized can be used with only a method.

True/ False

Ans : False

16) Which priority Thread can prompt the lower primary Thread?

Ans : Higher Priority

17) How many threads at a time can access a monitor?

Ans : one

18) What are all the four states associated in the thread?

Ans : 1. new 2. runnable 3. blocked 4. dead

19) The suspend()method is used to teriminate a thread?

True /False

Ans : False

20) The run() method should necessary exists in clases created as subclass of thread?

True /False

Ans : True

21) When two threads are waiting on each other and can't proceed the programe is said to
be in a deadlock?

True/False

Ans : True

22) Which method waits for the thread to die ?

Ans : join() method

23) Which of the following is true?

1) wait(),notify(),notifyall() are defined as final & can be called only from with in a
synchronized method

2) Among wait(),notify(),notifyall() the wait() method only throws IOException

3) wait(),notify(),notifyall() & sleep() are methods of object class

1
2
3
1&2
1,2 & 3
Ans : D

24) Garbage collector thread belongs to which priority?

Ans : low-priority

25) What is meant by timeslicing or time sharing?

Ans : Timeslicing is the method of allocating CPU time to individual threads in a priority
schedule.

26) What is meant by daemon thread? In java runtime, what is it's role?

Ans : Daemon thread is a low priority thread which runs intermittently in the background
doing the garbage collection operation for the java runtime system.

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Inheritance
1) What is the difference between superclass & subclass?

Ans : A super class is a class that is inherited whereas subclass is a class that does the
inheriting.

2) Which keyword is used to inherit a class?

Ans : extends

3) Subclasses methods can access superclass members/ attributes at all times?

True/False

Ans : False

4) When can subclasses not access superclass members?

Ans : When superclass is declared as private.

5) Which class does begin Java class hierarchy?

Ans : Object class

6) Object class is a superclass of all other classes?

True/False

Ans : True

7) Java supports multiple inheritance?

True/False

Ans : False

8) What is inheritance?

Ans : Deriving an object from an existing class. In the other words, Inheritance is the
process of inheriting all the features from a class

9) What are the advantages of inheritance?

Ans : Reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the superclass by
subclasses.

10) Which method is used to call the constructors of the superclass from the subclass?

Ans : super(argument)

11) Which is used to execute any method of the superclass from the subclass?

Ans : super.method-name(arguments)

12) Which methods are used to destroy the objects created by the constructor methods?

Ans : finalize()
13) What are abstract classes?

Ans : Abstract classes are those for which instances can¶t be created.

14) What must a class do to implement an interface?

Ans: It must provide all of the methods in the interface and identify the interface in its
implements clause.

15) Which methods in the Object class are declared as final?

Ans : getClass(), notify(), notifyAll(), and wait()

16) Final methods can be overridden.

True/False

Ans : False

17) Declaration of methods as final results in faster execution of the program?

True/False

Ans: True

18) Final variables should be declared in the beginning?

True/False

Ans : True

19) Can we declare variable inside a method as final variables? Why?

Ans : Cannot because, local variable cannot be declared as final variables.

20) Can an abstract class may be final?

Ans : An abstract class may not be declared as final.

21) Does a class inherit the constructors of it's super class?

Ans: A class does not inherit constructors from any of it's super classes.

22) What restrictions are placed on method overloading?

Ans: Two methods may not have the same name and argument list but different return
types.

23) What restrictions are placed on method overriding?

Ans : Overridden methods must have the same name , argument list , and return type. The
overriding method may not limit the access of the method it overridees.The overriding
method may not throw any exceptions that may not be thrown by the overridden method.

24) What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer class?

Ans : a (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final or
abstract.

25) How this() is used with constructors?

Ans: this() is used to invoke a constructor of the same class

26) How super() used with constructors?

Ans : super() is used to invoke a super class constructor

27) Which of the following statements correctly describes an interface?

a)It's a concrete class

b)It's a superclass

c)It's a type of abstract class

Ans: c

28) An interface contains __ methods

a)Non-abstract

b)Implemented

c)unimplemented

Ans:c

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String Handling
1) Which package does define String and StringBuffer classes?

Ans : java.lang package.

2) Which method can be used to obtain the length of the String?

Ans : length( ) method.

3) How do you concatenate Strings?

Ans : By using " + " operator.

4) Which method can be used to compare two strings for equality?

Ans : equals( ) method.

5) Which method can be used to perform a comparison between strings that ignores case
differences?

Ans : equalsIgnoreCase( ) method.

6) What is the use of valueOf( ) method?

Ans : valueOf( ) method converts data from its internal format into a human-readable form.

7) What are the uses of toLowerCase( ) and toUpperCase( ) methods?

Ans : The method toLowerCase( ) converts all the characters in a string from uppercase to

lowercase.

The method toUpperCase( ) converts all the characters in a string from lowercase to

uppercase.

8) Which method can be used to find out the total allocated capacity of a StrinBuffer?

Ans : capacity( ) method.

9) Which method can be used to set the length of the buffer within a StringBuffer object?
Ans : setLength( ).

10) What is the difference between String and StringBuffer?

Ans : String objects are constants, whereas StringBuffer objects are not.

String class supports constant strings, whereas StringBuffer class supports growable,
modifiable strings.

11) What are wrapper classes?

Ans : Wrapper classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.

12) Which of the following is not a wrapper class?

String
Integer
Boolean
Character
Ans : a.

13) What is the output of the following program?

public class Question {

public static void main(String args[]) {

String s1 = "abc";

String s2 = "def";

String s3 = s1.concat(s2.toUpperCase( ) );

System.out.println(s1+s2+s3);

abcdefabcdef
abcabcDEFDEF
abcdefabcDEF
None of the above
ANS : c.
14) Which of the following methods are methods of the String class?

delete( )
append( )
reverse( )
replace( )
Ans : d.

15) Which of the following methods cause the String object referenced by s to be changed?

s.concat( )
s.toUpperCase( )
s.replace( )
s.valueOf( )
Ans : a and b.

16) String is a wrapper class?

True
False
Ans : b.

17) If you run the code below, what gets printed out?

String s=new String("Bicycle");

int iBegin=1;

char iEnd=3;

System.out.println(s.substring(iBegin,iEnd));

Bic
ic
icy
error: no method matching substring(int,char)
Ans : b.

18) Given the following declarations

String s1=new String("Hello")

String s2=new String("there");

String s3=new String();

Which of the following are legal operations?

s3=s1 + s2;
s3=s1 - s2;
s3=s1 & s2
s3=s1 && s2
Ans : a.

19) Which of the following statements are true?

a)The String class is implemented as a char array, elements are addressed using the
stringname[] convention

b) Strings are a primitive type in Java that overloads the + operator for concatenation

c) Strings are a primitive type in Java and the StringBuffer is used as the matching wrapper
type

d) The size of a string can be retrieved using the length property.

Ans : b.

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Exploring Java.lang
1) java.lang package is automatically imported into all programs.

True
False
Ans : a

2) What are the interfaces defined by java.lang?

Ans : Cloneable, Comparable and Runnable.

3) What are the constants defined by both Flaot and Double classes?

Ans : MAX_VALUE,

MIN_VALUE,
NaN ,

POSITIVE_INFINITY,

NEGATIVE_INFINITY and

TYPE.

4) What are the constants defined by Byte, Short, Integer and Long?

Ans : MAX_VALUE,

MIN_VALUE and

TYPE.

5) What are the constants defined by both Float and Double classes?

Ans : MAX_RADIX,

MIN_RADIX,

MAX_VALUE,

MIN_VALUE and

TYPE.

6) What is the purpose of the Runtime class?

Ans : The purpose of the Runtime class is to provide access to the Java runtime system.

7) What is the purpose of the System class?

Ans : The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources.

8) Which class is extended by all other classes?

Ans : Object class is extended by all other classes.

9) Which class can be used to obtain design information about an object?

Ans : The Class class can be used to obtain information about an object¶s design.

10) Which method is used to calculate the absolute value of a number?

Ans : abs( ) method.

11) What are E and PI?

Ans : E is the base of the natural logarithm and PI is the mathematical value pi.

12) Which of the following classes is used to perform basic console I/O?

System
SecurityManager
Math
Runtime
Ans : a.

13) Which of the following are true?

The Class class is the superclass of the Object class.

The Object class is final.
The Class class can be used to load other classes.
The ClassLoader class can be used to load other classes.
Ans : c and d.

14) Which of the following methods are methods of the Math class?

absolute( )
log( )
cosine( )
sine( )
Ans : b.

15) Which of the following are true about the Error and Exception classes?

Both classes extend Throwable.

The Error class is final and the Exception class is not.
The Exception class is final and the Error is not.
Both classes implement Throwable.
Ans : a.

16) Which of the following are true?

The Void class extends the Class class.

The Float class extends the Double class.
The System class extends the Runtime class.
The Integer class extends the Number class.
Ans : d.

17) Which of the following will output -4.0

System.out.println(Math.floor(-4.7));
System.out.println(Math.round(-4.7));
System.out.println(Math.ceil(-4.7));
System.out.println(Math.Min(-4.7));
Ans : c.

18) Which of the following are valid statements

a) public class MyCalc extends Math

b) Math.max(s);
c) Math.round(9.99,1);
d) Math.mod(4,10);

e) None of the above.

Ans : e.

19) What will happen if you attempt to compile and run the following code?

Integer ten=new Integer(10);

Long nine=new Long (9);

System.out.println(ten + nine);

int i=1;

System.out.println(i + ten);

19 followed by 20
19 followed by 11
Error: Can't convert java lang Integer
d) 10 followed by 1

Ans : c.

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Input/Output: Exploring Java.io
1) What is meant by Stream and what are the types of Streams and classes of the Streams?

Ans : A Stream is an abstraction that either produces or consumes information.

There are two types of Streams. They are:

Byte Streams : Byte Streams provide a convenient means for handling input and output of
bytes.

Character Streams : Character Streams provide a convenient means for handling input and
output of characters.

Byte Stream classes : Byte Streams are defined by using two abstract classes. They
are:InputStream and OutputStream.

Character Stream classes : Character Streams are defined by using two abstract classes.
They are : Reader and Writer.

2) Which of the following statements are true?

UTF characters are all 8-bits.

UTF characters are all 16-bits.
UTF characters are all 24-bits.
Unicode characters are all 16-bits.
Bytecode characters are all 16-bits.
Ans : d.

3) Which of the following statements are true?

When you construct an instance of File, if you do not use the filenaming semantics of the
local machine, the constructor will throw an IOException.
When you construct an instance of File, if the corresponding file does not exist on the local
file system, one will be created.
When an instance of File is garbage collected, the corresponding file on the local file system
is deleted.
None of the above.
Ans : a,b and c.

4) The File class contains a method that changes the current working directory.

True
False
Ans : b.
5) It is possible to use the File class to list the contents of the current working directory.

True
False
Ans : a.

6) Readers have methods that can read and return floats and doubles.

True
False
Ans : b.

7) You execute the code below in an empty directory. What is the result?

File f1 = new File("dirname");

File f2 = new File(f1, "filename");

A new directory called dirname is created in the current working directory.

A new directory called dirname is created in the current working directory. A new file called
filename is created in directory dirname.
A new directory called dirname and a new file called filename are created, both in the
current working directory.
A new file called filename is created in the current working directory.
No directory is created, and no file is created.
Ans : e.

8) What is the difference between the Reader/Writer class hierarchy and the
InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy?

Ans : The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character-oriented and the

InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy is byte-oriented.

9) What is an I/O filter?

Ans : An I/O filter is an object that reads from one stream and writes to another, usually
altering the data in some way as it is passed from one stream to another.

10) What is the purpose of the File class?

Ans : The File class is used to create objects that provide access to the files and directories
of a local file system.

11) What interface must an object implement before it can be written to a stream as an
object?
Ans : An object must implement the Serializable or Externalizable interface before it can be
written to a stream as an object.

12) What is the difference between the File and RandomAccessFile classes?

Ans : The File class encapsulates the files and directories of the local file system. The
RandomAccessFile class provides the methods needed to directly access data contained in
any part of a file.

13) What class allows you to read objects directly from a stream?

Ans : The ObjectInputStream class supports the reading of objects from input streams.

14) What value does read( ) return when it has reached the end of a file?

Ans : The read( ) method returns ± 1 when it has reached the end of a file.

15) What value does readLine( ) return when it has reached the end of a file?

Ans : The readLine( ) method returns null when it has reached the end of a file.

16) How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16 and UTF-8 characters?

Ans : Unicode requires 16-bits and ASCII requires 8-bits. Although the ASCII character set
uses only 1-bits, it is usually represented as 8-bits. UTF-8 represents characters using 8, 16
and 18-bit patterns. UTF-16 uses 16-bit and larger bit patterns.

17) Which of the following are true?

The InputStream and OutputStream classes are byte-oriented.

The ObjectInputStream and ObjectOutputStream do not support serialized object input and
output.
The Reader and Writer classes are character-oriented.
The Reader and Writer classes are the preferred solution to serialized object output.
Ans : a and c.

18) Which of the following are true about I/O filters?

Filters are supported on input, but not on output.

Filters are supported by the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy, but not by the
Reader/Writer class hierarchy.
Filters read from one stream and write to another.
A filter may alter data that is read from one stream and written to another.
Ans : c and d.
19) Which of the following are true?

Any Unicode character is represented using 16-bits.

7-bits are needed to represent any ASCII character.
UTF-8 characters are represented using only 8-bits.
UTF-16 characters are represented using only 16-bits.
Ans : a and b.

20) Which of the following are true?

The Serializable interface is used to identify objects that may be written to an output
stream.
The Externalizable interface is implemented by classes that control the way in which their
objects are serialized.
The Serializable interface extends the Externalizable interface.
The Externalizable interface extends the Serializable interface.
Ans : a, b and d.

21) Which of the following are true about the File class?

A File object can be used to change the current working directory.

A File object can be used to access the files in the current directory.
When a File object is created, a corresponding directory or file is created in the local file
system.
File objects are used to access files and directories on the local file system.
File objects can be garbage collected.
When a File object is garbage collected, the corresponding file or directory is deleted.
Ans : b, d and e.

22) How do you create a Reader object from an InputStream object?

Use the static createReader( ) method of InputStream class.

Use the static createReader( ) method of Reader class.
Create an InputStreamReader object, passing the InputStream object as an argument to
the InputStreamReader constructor.
Create an OutputStreamReader object, passing the InputStream object as an argument to
the OutputStreamReader constructor.
Ans : c.

23) Which of the following are true?

Writer classes can be used to write characters to output streams using different character
encodings.
Writer classes can be used to write Unicode characters to output streams.
Writer classes have methods that support the writing of the values of any Java primitive
type to output streams.
Writer classes have methods that support the writing of objects to output streams.
Ans : a and b.

24) The isFile( ) method returns a boolean value depending on whether the file object is a
file or a directory.

True.
False.
Ans : a.

25) Reading or writing can be done even after closing the input/output source.

True.
False.
Ans : b.

26) The ________ method helps in clearing the buffer.

Ans : flush( ).

27) The System.err method is used to print error message.

True.
False.
Ans : a.

28) What is meant by StreamTokenizer?

Ans : StreamTokenizer breaks up InputStream into tokens that are delimited by sets of
characters.

It has the constructor : StreamTokenizer(Reader inStream).

Here inStream must be some form of Reader.

29) What is Serialization and deserialization?

Ans : Serialization is the process of writing the state of an object to a byte stream.

Deserialization is the process of restoring these objects.

30) Which of the following can you perform using the File class?
a) Change the current directory
b) Return the name of the parent directory
c) Delete a file
d) Find if a file contains text or binary information

Ans : b and c.

31) How can you change the current working directory using an instance of the File class
called FileName?

FileName.chdir("DirName").
FileName.cd("DirName").
FileName.cwd("DirName").
The File class does not support directly changing the current directory.
Ans : d.

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Applets
1) What is an Applet? Should applets have constructors?

Ans : Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a Web page displayed by
a Java capable browser. We don¶t have the concept of Constructors in Applets.

2) How do we read number information from my applet¶s parameters, given that Applet¶s
getParameter() method returns a string?

Ans : Use the parseInt() method in the Integer Class, the Float(String) constructor in the
Class Float, or the Double(String) constructor in the class Double.

3) How can I arrange for different applets on a web page to communicate with each other?

Ans : Name your applets inside the Applet tag and invoke AppletContext¶s getApplet()
method in your applet code to obtain references to the other applets on the page.

4) How do I select a URL from my Applet and send the browser to that page?

Ans : Ask the applet for its applet context and invoke showDocument() on that context
object.

Eg. URL targetURL;

String URLString

AppletContext context = getAppletContext();

try{

targetUR L = new URL(URLString);

} catch (Malformed URLException e){

// Code for recover from the exception

context. showDocument (targetURL);

5) Can applets on different pages communicate with each other?

Ans : No. Not Directly. The applets will exchange the information at one meeting place

either on the local file system or at remote system.

6) How do Applets differ from Applications?

Ans : Appln: Stand Alone

Applet: Needs no explicit installation on local m/c.

Appln: Execution starts with main() method.

Applet: Execution starts with init() method.

Appln: May or may not be a GUI

Applet: Must run within a GUI (Using AWT)

7) How do I determine the width and height of my application?

Ans : Use the getSize() method, which the Applet class inherits from the Component

class in the Java.awt package. The getSize() method returns the size of the applet as

a Dimension object, from which you extract separate width, height fields.

Eg. Dimension dim = getSize ();

int appletwidth = dim.width ();

8) What is AppletStub Interface?

Ans : The applet stub interface provides the means by which an applet and the browser
communicate. Your code will not typically implement this interface.

9) It is essential to have both the .java file and the .html file of an applet in the same
directory.

True.
False.
Ans : 2.

10) The

tag contains two attributes namely _________ and _______.

Ans : Name , value.

11) Passing values to parameters is done in the _________ file of an applet.

Ans : .html.

12) What tags are mandatory when creating HTML to display an applet

name, height, width

code, name
codebase, height, width
code, height, width
Ans : 4.

13) Applet¶s getParameter( ) method can be used to get parameter values.

True.
False.
Ans : a.

14) What are the Applet¶s Life Cycle methods? Explain them?

Ans : init( ) method - Can be called when an applet is first loaded.

start( ) method - Can be called each time an applet is started.

paint( ) method - Can be called when the applet is minimized or refreshed.

stop( ) method - Can be called when the browser moves off the applet¶s page.

destroy( ) method - Can be called when the browser is finished with the applet.

15) What are the Applet¶s information methods?

Ans : getAppletInfo( ) method : Returns a string describing the applet, its author ,copy

right information, etc.

getParameterInfo( ) method : Returns an array of string describing the applet¶s parameters.

16) All Applets are subclasses of Applet.

True.
False.
Ans : a.

17) All Applets must import java.applet and java.awt.

True.
False.
Ans : a.

18) What are the steps involved in Applet development?

Ans : a) Edit a Java source file,

b) Compile your program and

c) Execute the appletviewer, specifying the name of your applet¶s source file.

19) Applets are executed by the console based Java run-time interpreter.

True.
False.
Ans : b.

20) Which classes and interfaces does Applet class consist?

Ans : Applet class consists of a single class, the Applet class and three interfaces:
AppletContext,
AppletStub and AudioClip.

21) What is the sequence for calling the methods by AWT for applets?

Ans : When an applet begins, the AWT calls the following methods, in this sequence.

init( )
start( )
paint( )
22) When an applet is terminated, the following sequence of method cals takes place :

stop( )
destroy( )
23) Which method is used to output a string to an applet?

Ans : drawString ( ) method.

24) Every color is created from an RGB value.

True.
False
Ans : a.

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Event Handling
1) The event delegation model, introduced in release 1.1 of the JDK, is fully compatible with
the event model.

True
False
Ans : b.

2) A component subclass that has executed enableEvents( ) to enable processing of a

certain kind of event cannot also use an adapter as a listener for the same kind of event.

True
False
Ans : b.

3) What is the highest-level event class of the event-delegation model?

Ans : The java.util.eventObject class is the highest-level class in the event-delegation
hierarchy.

4) What interface is extended by AWT event listeners?

Ans : All AWT event listeners extend the java.util.EventListener interface.

5) What class is the top of the AWT event hierarchy?

Ans : The java.awt.AWTEvent class is the highest-level class in the AWT event class
hierarchy.

6) What event results from the clicking of a button?

Ans : The ActionEvent event is generated as the result of the clicking of a button.

7) What is the relationship between an event-listener interface and an event-adapter class?

Ans : An event-listener interface defines the methods that must be implemented by an

event handler for a particular kind of event. An event adapter provides a default
implementation of an event-listener interface.

8) In which package are most of the AWT events that support the event-delegation model
defined?

Ans : Most of the AWT±related events of the event-delegation model are defined in the
java.awt.event package. The AWTEvent class is defined in the java.awt package.

9) What is the advantage of the event-delegation model over the earlier event-inheritance
model?

Ans : The event-delegation has two advantages over the event-inheritance model. They are
:

It enables event handling by objects other than the ones that generate the events. This
allows a clean separation between a component¶s design and its use.
It performs much better in applications where many events are generated. This
performance improvement is due to the fact that the event-delegation model does not have
to repeatedly process unhandled events, as is the case of the event-inheritance model.
10) What is the purpose of the enableEvents( ) method?

Ans :The enableEvents( ) method is used to enable an event for a particular object.

11) Which of the following are true?

The event-inheritance model has replaced the event-delegation model.
The event-inheritance model is more efficient than the event-delegation model.
The event-delegation model uses event listeners to define the methods of event-handling
classes.
The event-delegation model uses the handleEvent( ) method to support event handling.
Ans : c.

12) Which of the following is the highest class in the event-delegation model?

java.util.EventListener
java.util.EventObject
java.awt.AWTEvent
java.awt.event.AWTEvent
Ans : b.

13) When two or more objects are added as listeners for the same event, which listener is
first invoked to handle the event?

The first object that was added as listener.

The last object that was added as listener.
There is no way to determine which listener will be invoked first.
It is impossible to have more than one listener for a given event.
Ans : c.

14) Which of the following components generate action events?

Buttons
Labels
Check boxes
Windows
Ans : a.

15) Which of the following are true?

A TextField object may generate an ActionEvent.

A TextArea object may generate an ActionEvent.
A Button object may generate an ActionEvent.
A MenuItem object may generate an ActionEvent.
Ans : a,c and d.

16) Which of the following are true?

The MouseListener interface defines methods for handling mouse clicks.

The MouseMotionListener interface defines methods for handling mouse clicks.
The MouseClickListener interface defines methods for handling mouse clicks.
The ActionListener interface defines methods for handling the clicking of a button.
Ans : a and d.

17) Suppose that you want to have an object eh handle the TextEvent of a TextArea object
t. How should you add eh as the event handler for t?

t.addTextListener(eh);
eh.addTextListener(t);
addTextListener(eh.t);
addTextListener(t,eh);
Ans : a.

18) What is the preferred way to handle an object¶s events in Java 2?

Override the object¶s handleEvent( ) method.

Add one or more event listeners to handle the events.
Have the object override its processEvent( ) methods.
Have the object override its dispatchEvent( ) methods.
Ans : b.

19) Which of the following are true?

A component may handle its own events by adding itself as an event listener.
A component may handle its own events by overriding its event-dispatching method.
A component may not handle oits own events.
A component may handle its own events only if it implements the handleEvent( ) method.
Ans : a and b.

20) How many types of events are provided by AWT? Explain them?

Ans : The AWT provides two types of events. They are :

21) Low-level event : A low-level event is the one that represents a low-level input or
window-system occurrence on a visual component on the screen.

22) Semantic event : Semantic event is defined at a higher-level to encapsulate the

semantics of a user interface component¶s model.

23) A __________ is an object that originates or "fire" events.

Ans : source.

24) The event listener corresponding to handling keyboard events is the _________ .

Ans : KeyListener.
25) What are the types of mouse event listeners?

Ans : MouseListener and MouseMotionListener.

26) Which of the following are correct event handling methods

a) mousePressed(MouseEvent e){}
b) MousePressed(MouseClick e){}
c) functionKey(KeyPress k){}
d) componentAdded(ContainerEvent e){}

Ans : a and d.

27) Which of the following are true?

a) A component may have only one event listener attached at a time

b) An event listener may be removed from a component
c) The ActionListener interface has no corresponding Adapter class
d) The processing of an event listener requires a try/catch block

Ans : b and c.

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AWT : windows, graphics and fonts

1) How would you set the color of a graphics context called g to cyan?

g.setColor(Color.cyan);
g.setCurrentColor(cyan);
g.setColor("Color.cyan");
g.setColor("cyan¶);
g.setColor(new Color(cyan));
Ans : a.

2) The code below draws a line. What color is the line?

g.setColor(Color.red.green.yellow.red.cyan);

g.drawLine(0, 0, 100,100);

Red
Green
Yellow
Cyan
Black
Ans : d.

3) What does the following code draw?

g.setColor(Color.black);

g.drawLine(10, 10, 10, 50);

g.setColor(Color.RED);

g.drawRect(100, 100, 150, 150);

A red vertical line that is 40 pixels long and a red square with sides of 150 pixels
A black vertical line that is 40 pixels long and a red square with sides of 150 pixels
A black vertical line that is 50 pixels long and a red square with sides of 150 pixels
A red vertical line that is 50 pixels long and a red square with sides of 150 pixels
A black vertical line that is 40 pixels long and a red square with sides of 100 pixel
Ans : b.

4) Which of the statements below are true?

a) A polyline is always filled.

b) A polyline can not be filled.

c) A polygon is always filled.

d) A polygon is always closed

e) A polygon may be filled or not filled

Ans : b, d and e.

5) What code would you use to construct a 24-point bold serif font?

new Font(Font.SERIF, 24,Font.BOLD);

new Font("SERIF", 24, BOLD");
new Font("BOLD ", 24,Font.SERIF);
new Font("SERIF", Font.BOLD,24);
new Font(Font.SERIF, "BOLD", 24);
Ans : 4.
6) What does the following paint( ) method draw?

Public void paint(Graphics g) {

g.drawString("question #6",10,0);

The string "question #6", with its top-left corner at 10,0

A little squiggle coming down from the top of the component, a little way in from the left
edge
Ans : 2.

7) What does the following paint( ) method draw?

Public void paint(Graphics g) {

g.drawString("question #6",10,0);

A circle at (100, 100) with radius of 44

A circle at (100, 44) with radius of 100
A circle at (100, 44) with radius of 44
The code does not compile
Ans : 4.

8) What is relationship between the Canvas class and the Graphics class?

Ans : A Canvas object provides access to a Graphics object via its paint( ) method.

9) What are the Component subclasses that support painting.

Ans : The Canvas, Frame, Panel and Applet classes support painting.

10) What is the difference between the paint( ) and repaint( ) method?

Ans : The paint( ) method supports painting via a Graphics object. The repaint( ) method is
used to cause paint( ) to be invoked by the AWT painting method.

11) What is the difference between the Font and FontMetrics classes?

Ans : The FontMetrics class is used to define implementation-specific properties, such as

ascent and descent, of a Font object.
12) Which of the following are passed as an argument to the paint( ) method?

A Canvas object
A Graphics object
An Image object
A paint object
Ans : b.

13) Which of the following methods are invoked by the AWT to support paint and repaint
operations?

paint( )
repaint( )
draw( )
redraw( )
Ans : a.

14) Which of the following classes have a paint( ) method?

Canvas
Image
Frame
Graphics
Ans : a and c.

15) Which of the following are methods of the Graphics class?

drawRect( )
drawImage( )
drawPoint( )
drawString( )
Ans : a, b and d.

16) Which Font attributes are available through the FontMetrics class?

ascent
leading
case
height
Ans : a, b and d.

17) Which of the following are true?

The AWT automatically causes a window to be repainted when a portion of a window has
been minimized and then maximized.
The AWT automatically causes a window to be repainted when a portion of a window has
been covered and then uncovered.
The AWT automatically causes a window to be repainted when application data is changed.
The AWT does not support repainting operations.
Ans : a and b.

18) Which method is used to size a graphics object to fit the current size of the window?

Ans : getSize( ) method.

19) What are the methods to be used to set foreground and background colors?

Ans : setForeground( ) and setBackground( ) methods.

20) You have created a simple Frame and overridden the paint method as follows

public void paint(Graphics g){

g.drawString("Dolly",50,10);

What will be the result when you attempt to compile and run the program?

a) The string "Dolly" will be displayed at the centre of the frame

b) An error at compilation complaining at the signature of the paint method

c) The lower part of the word Dolly will be seen at the top of the form, with the top hidden.
d) The string "Dolly" will be shown at the bottom of the form

Ans : c.

21) Where g is a graphics instance what will the following code draw on the screen.

g.fillArc(45,90,50,50,90,180);

a) An arc bounded by a box of height 45, width 90 with a centre point of 50,50, starting
at an angle of 90 degrees traversing through 180 degrees counter clockwise.

b) An arc bounded by a box of height 50, width 50, with a centre point of 45,90 starting
at an angle of 90 degrees traversing through 180 degrees clockwise.

c) An arc bounded by a box of height 50, width 50, with a top left at coordinates of 45,
90, starting at 90 degrees and traversing through 180 degrees counter clockwise.

d) An arc starting at 45 degrees, traversing through 90 degrees clockwise bounded by a

box of height 50, width 50 with a centre point of 90, 180.

Ans : c.

22) Given the following code

import java.awt.*;
public class SetF extends Frame{
public static void main(String argv[]){
SetF s = new SetF();
s.setSize(300,200);
s.setVisible(true);
}
}
How could you set the frame surface color to pink

a)s.setBackground(Color.pink);
b)s.setColor(PINK);
c)s.Background(pink);
d)s.color=Color.pink

Ans : a.

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AWT: Controls, Layout Managers and Menus

1) What is meant by Controls and what are different types of controls?

Ans : Controls are componenets that allow a user to interact with your application.

The AWT supports the following types of controls:

Labels
Push buttons
Check boxes
Choice lists
Lists
Scroll bars
Text components
These controls are subclasses of Component.

2) You want to construct a text area that is 80 character-widths wide and 10 character-
heights tall. What code do you use?

new TextArea(80, 10)

new TextArea(10, 80)
Ans: b.

3) A text field has a variable-width font. It is constructed by calling new TextField("iiiii").

What happens if you change the contents of the text field to "wwwww"? (Bear in mind that
is one of the narrowest characters, and w is one of the widest.)

The text field becomes wider.

The text field becomes narrower.
The text field stays the same width; to see the entire contents you will have to scroll by
using the ß and à keys.
The text field stays the same width; to see the entire contents you will have to scroll by
using the text field¶s horizontal scroll bar.
Ans : c.

4) The CheckboxGroup class is a subclass of the Component class.

True
False
Ans : b.

5) What are the immediate super classes of the following classes?

a) Container class
b) MenuComponent class
c) Dialog class
d) Applet class
e) Menu class
Ans : a) Container - Component

b) MenuComponent - Object

c) Dialog - Window

d) Applet - Panel

e) Menu - MenuItem
6) What are the SubClass of Textcomponent Class?

Ans : TextField and TextArea

7) Which method of the component class is used to set the position and the size of a
component?

Ans : setBounds()

8) Which TextComponent method is used to set a TextComponent to the read-only state?

Ans : setEditable()

9) How can the Checkbox class be used to create a radio button?

Ans : By associating Checkbox objects with a CheckboxGroup.

10) What Checkbox method allows you to tell if a Checkbox is checked?

Ans : getState()

11) Which Component method is used to access a component's immediate Container?

getVisible()
getImmediate
getParent()
getContainer
Ans : c.

12) What methods are used to get and set the text label displayed by a Button object?

Ans : getLabel( ) and setLabel( )

13) What is the difference between a Choice and a List?

Ans : A Choice is displayed in a compact form that requires you to pull it down to see the
list of available choices. Only one item may be selected from a Choice.

A List may be displayed in such a way that several List items are visible. A List supports the
selection of one or more List items.

14) Which Container method is used to cause a container to be laid out and redisplayed?

Ans : validate( )
15) What is the difference between a Scollbar and a Scrollpane?

Ans : A Scrollbar is a Component, but not a Container.

A Scrollpane is a Container and handles its own events and performs its own

scrolling.

16) Which Component subclass is used for drawing and painting?

Ans : Canvas.

17) Which of the following are direct or indirect subclasses of Component?

Button
Label
CheckboxMenuItem
Toolbar
Frame
Ans : a, b and e.

18) Which of the following are direct or indirect subclasses of Container?

Frame
TextArea
MenuBar
FileDialog
Applet
Ans : a,d and e.

19) Which method is used to set the text of a Label object?

setText( )
setLabel( )
setTextLabel( )
setLabelText( )
Ans : a.

20) Which constructor creates a TextArea with 10 rows and 20 columns?

new TextArea(10, 20)

new TextArea(20, 10)
new TextArea(new Rows(10), new columns(20))
new TextArea(200)
Ans : a.

(Usage is TextArea(rows, columns)

21) Which of the following creates a List with 5 visible items and multiple selection enabled?

new List(5, true)

new List(true, 5)
new List(5, false)
new List(false,5)
Ans : a.

[Usage is List(rows, multipleMode)]

22) Which are true about the Container class?

The validate( ) method is used to cause a Container to be laid out and redisplayed.
The add( ) method is used to add a Component to a Container.
The getBorder( ) method returns information about a Container¶s insets.
The getComponent( ) method is used to access a Component that is contained in a
Container.
Ans : a, b and d.

23) Suppose a Panel is added to a Frame and a Button is added to the Panel. If the Frame¶s
font is set to 12-point TimesRoman, the Panel¶s font is set to 10-point TimesRoman, and the
Button¶s font is not set, what font will be used to dispaly the Button¶s label?

12-point TimesRoman
11-point TimesRoman
10-point TimesRoman
9-point TimesRoman
Ans : c.

24) A Frame¶s background color is set to Color.Yellow, and a Button¶s background color is to
Color.Blue. Suppose the Button is added to a Panel, which is added to the Frame. What
background color will be used with the Panel?

Colr.Yellow
Color.Blue
Color.Green
Color.White
Ans : a.

25) Which method will cause a Frame to be displayed?

show( )
setVisible( )
display( )
displayFrame( )
Ans : a and b.

26) All the componenet classes and container classes are derived from _________ class.

Ans : Object.

27) Which method of the container class can be used to add components to a Panel.

Ans : add ( ) method.

28) What are the subclasses of the Container class?

Ans : The Container class has three major subclasses. They are :

Window
Panel
ScrollPane
29) The Choice component allows multiple selection.

True.
False.
Ans : b.

30) The List component does not generate any events.

True.
False.
Ans : b.

31) Which components are used to get text input from the user.

Ans : TextField and TextArea.

32) Which object is needed to group Checkboxes to make them exclusive?

Ans : CheckboxGroup.

33) Which of the following components allow multiple selections?

Non-exclusive Checkboxes.
Radio buttons.
Choice.
List.
Ans : a and d.

34) What are the types of Checkboxes and what is the difference between them?

Ans : Java supports two types of Checkboxes. They are : Exclusive and Non-exclusive.

In case of exclusive Checkboxes, only one among a group of items can be selected at a
time. I f an item from the group is selected, the checkbox currently checked is deselected
and the new selection is highlighted. The exclusive Checkboxes are also called as Radio
buttons.

The non-exclusive checkboxes are not grouped together and each one can be selected
independent of the other.

35) What is a Layout Manager and what are the different Layout Managers available in
java.awt and what is the default Layout manager for the panal and the panal subclasses?

Ans: A layout Manager is an object that is used to organize components in a container.

The different layouts available in java.awt are :

FlowLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout, GridLayout and GridBag Layout.

The default Layout Manager of Panal and Panal sub classes is FlowLayout".

36) Can I exert control over the size and placement of components in my interface?

Ans : Yes.

myPanal.setLayout(null);

myPanal.setbounds(20,20,200,200);

37) Can I add the same component to more than one container?

Ans : No. Adding a component to a container automatically removes it from any previous
parent(container).

38) How do I specify where a window is to be placed?

Ans : Use setBounds, setSize, or setLocation methods to implement this.

setBounds(int x, int y, int width, int height)

setBounds(Rectangle r)

setSize(int width, int height)

setSize(Dimension d)

setLocation(int x, int y)

setLocation(Point p)

39) How can we create a borderless window?

Ans : Create an instance of the Window class, give it a size, and show it on the screen.

eg. Frame aFrame = ......

Window aWindow = new Window(aFrame);

aWindow.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

aWindow.add(new Button("Press Me"));

aWindow.getBounds(50,50,200,200);

aWindow.show();

40) Can I create a non-resizable windows? If so, how?

Ans: Yes. By using setResizable() method in class Frame.

41) What is the default Layout Manager for the Window and Window subclasses
(Frame,Dialog)?

Ans : BorderLayout().

42) How are the elements of different layouts organized?

Ans : FlowLayout : The elements of a FlowLayout are organized in a top to bottom, left to
right fashion.

BorderLayout : The elements of a BorderLayout are organized at the

borders (North, South, East and West) and the center of a

container.

CardLayout : The elements of a CardLayout are stacked, one on top of the other, like a deck
of cards.

GridLayout : The elements of a GridLayout are of equal size and are laid out using the
square of a grid.

GridBagLayout : The elements of a GridBagLayout are organized according to a

grid.However, the elements are of different sizes and may occupy

more than one row or column of the grid. In addition, the rows and columns may have
different sizes.

43) Which containers use a BorderLayout as their default layout?

Ans : The Window, Frame and Dialog classes use a BorderLayout as their default layout.

44) Which containers use a FlowLayout as their default layout?

Ans : The Panel and the Applet classes use the FlowLayout as their default layout.

45) What is the preferred size of a component?

Ans : The preferred size of a component size that will allow the component to display
normally.

46) Which method is method to set the layout of a container?

startLayout( )
initLayout( )
layoutContainer( )
setLayout( )
Ans : d.

47) Which method returns the preferred size of a component?

getPreferredSize( )
getPreferred( )
getRequiredSize( )
getLayout( )
Ans : a.
48) Which layout should you use to organize the components of a container in a tabular
form?

CardLayout
BorederLayout
FlowLayout
GridLayout
Ans : d.

49) An application has a frame that uses a Border layout manager. Why is it probably not a
good idea to put a vertical scroll bar at North in the frame?

The scroll bar¶s height would be its preferred height, which is not likely to be enough.
The scroll bar¶s width would be the entire width of the frame, which would be much wider
than necessary.
Both a and b.
Neither a nor b. There is no problem with the layout as described.
Ans : c.

50) What is the default layouts for a applet, a frame and a panel?

Ans : For an applet and a panel, Flow layout is the default layout, whereas Border layout is
default layout for a frame.

51) If a frame uses a Grid layout manager and does not contain any panels, then all the
components within the frame are the same width and height.

True
False.
Ans : a.

52) If a frame uses its default layout manager and does not contain any panels, then all the
components within the frame are the same width and height.

True
False.
Ans : b.

53) With a Border layout manager, the component at Center gets all the space that is left
over, after the components at North and South have been considered.

True
False
Ans : b.
54) An Applet has its Layout Manager set to the default of FlowLayout. What code would be
the correct to change to another Layout Manager?

setLayoutManager(new GridLayout());
setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
setGridLayout(2,2,))
setBorderLayout();
Ans : b.

55) How do you indicate where a component will be positioned using Flowlayout?

a) North, South,East,West
b) Assign a row/column grid reference
c) Pass a X/Y percentage parameter to the add method
d) Do nothing, the FlowLayout will position the component

Ans :d.

56) How do you change the current layout manager for a container?

a) Use the setLayout method

b) Once created you cannot change the current layout manager of a component
c) Use the setLayoutManager method
d) Use the updateLayout method

Ans :a.

57)When using the GridBagLayout manager, each new component requires a new instance
of the GridBagConstraints class. Is this statement true or false?

a) true
b) false

Ans : b.

58) Which of the following statements are true?

a)The default layout manager for an Applet is FlowLayout

b) The default layout manager for an application is FlowLayout
c) A layout manager must be assigned to an Applet before the setSize method is called
d) The FlowLayout manager attempts to honor the preferred size of any components

Ans : a and d.

59) Which method does display the messages whenever there is an item selection or
deselection of the CheckboxMenuItem menu?

Ans : itemStateChanged method.

60) Which is a dual state menu item?

Ans : CheckboxMenuItem.

61) Which method can be used to enable/diable a checkbox menu item?

Ans : setState(boolean).

62) Which of the following may a menu contain?

A separator
A check box
A menu
A button
A panel
Ans : a and c.

63) Which of the following may contain a menu bar?

A panel
A frame
An applet
A menu bar
A menu
Ans : b

64) What is the difference between a MenuItem and a CheckboxMenuItem?

Ans : The CheckboxMenuItem class extends the MenuItem class to support a menu item

that may be checked or unchecked.

65) Which of the following are true?

A Dialog can have a MenuBar.

MenuItem extends Menu.
A MenuItem can be added to a Menu.
A Menu can be added to a Menu.
Ans : c and d.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Utility Package
1) What is the Vector class?

ANSWER : The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of
objects.

2) What is the Set interface?

ANSWER : The Set interface provides methods for accessing the elements of a finite
mathematical set.Sets do not allow duplicate elements.

3) What is Dictionary class?

ANSWER : The Dictionary class is the abstarct super class of Hashtable and Properties
class.Dictionary provides the abstarct functions used to store and retrieve objects by key-
value.This class allows any object to be used as a key or value.

4) What is the Hashtable class?

ANSWER : The Hashtable class implements a hash table data structure. A hash table
indexes and stores objects in a dictionary using hash codes as the objects' keys. Hash codes
are integer values that identify objects.

5) What is the Properties class?

Answer : The properties class is a subclass of Hashtable that can be read from or written to
a stream.It also provides the capability to specify a set of default values to be used if a
specified key is not found in the table. We have two methods load() and save().

6) What changes are needed to make the following prg to compile?

import java.util.*;

class Ques{

public static void main (String args[]) {

String s1 = "abc";

String s2 = "def";
Vector v = new Vector();

v.add(s1);

v.add(s2);

String s3 = v.elementAt(0) + v.elementAt(1);

System.out.println(s3);

A) Declare Ques as public

B) Cast v.elementAt(0) to a String

C) Cast v.elementAt(1) to an Object.

D) Import java.lang

ANSWER : B) Cast v.elementAt(0) to a String

7) What is the output of the prg.

import java.util.*;

class Ques{

public static void main (String args[]) {

String s1 = "abc";

String s2 = "def";

Stack stack = new Stack();

stack.push(s1);

stack.push(s2);

try{
String s3 = (String) stack.pop() + (String) stack.pop() ;

System.out.println(s3);

}catch (EmptyStackException ex){}

A) abcdef

B) defabc

C) abcabc

D) defdef

ANSWER : B) defabc

9) Which of the following may have duplicate elements?

A)Collection

B) List

C) Map

D) Set

ANSWER : A and B Neither a Map nor a Set may have duplicate elements.

10) Can null value be added to a List?

ANSWER : Yes.A Null value may be added to any List.

11) What is the output of the following prg.

import java.util.*;

class Ques{

public static void main (String args[]) {

HashSet set = new HashSet();

String s1 = "abc";

String s2 = "def";

String s3 = "";

set.add(s1);

set.add(s2);

set.add(s1);

set.add(s2);

Iterator i = set.iterator();

while(i.hasNext())

s3 += (String) i.next();

System.out.println(s3);

A) abcdefabcdef B) defabcdefabc C) fedcbafedcba D) defabc

ANSWER : D) defabc. Sets may not have duplicate elements.

12) Which of the following java.util classes support internationalization?

A) Locale B) ResourceBundle C) Country D) Language

ANSWER : A and B . Country and Language are not java.util classes.

13) What is the ResourceBundle?

The ResourceBundle class also supports internationalization.

ResourceBundle subclasses are used to store locale-specific resources that can be loaded by
a program to tailor the program's appearence to the paticular locale in which it is being run.
Resource Bundles provide the capability to isolate a program's locale-specific resources in a
standard and modular manner.

14) How are Observer Interface and Observable class, in java.util package, used?

ANSWER : Objects that subclass the Observable class maintain a list of Observers. When an
Observable object is updated it invokes the update() method of each of its observers to
notify the observers that it has changed state. The Observer interface is implemented by
objects that observe Observable objects.

15) Which java.util classes and interfaces support event handling?

ANSWER : The EventObject class and the EventListener interface support event processing.

16) Does java provide standard iterator functions for inspecting a collection of objects?

ANSWER : The Enumeration interface in the java.util package provides a framework for
stepping once through a collection of objects. We have two methods in that interface.

public interface Enumeration {

boolean hasMoreElements();

Object nextElement();

17) The Math.random method is too limited for my needs- How can I generate random
numbers more flexibly?

ANSWER : The random method in Math class provide quick, convienient access to random
numbers, but more power and flexibility use the Random class in the java.util package.

double doubleval = Math.random();

The Random class provide methods returning float, int, double, and long values.

nextFloat() // type float; 0.0 <= value < 1.0

nextDouble() // type double; 0.0 <= value < 1.0

nextInt() // type int; Integer.MIN_VALUE <= value <= Integer.MAX_VALUE

nextLong() // type long; Long.MIN_VALUE <= value <= Long.MAX_VALUE

nextGaussian() // type double; has Gaussian("normal") distribution with mean 0.0 and
standard deviation 1.0)

Eg. Random r = new Random();

float floatval = r.nextFloat();

18) How can we get all public methods of an object dynamically?

ANSWER : By using getMethods(). It return an array of method objects corresponding to

the public methods of this class.

getFields() returns an array of Filed objects corresponding to the public Fields(variables) of

this class.

getConstructors() returns an array of constructor objects corresponding to the public

constructors of this class.

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

JDBC
1) What are the steps involved in establishing a connection?

ANSWER : This involves two steps: (1) loading the driver and (2) making the connection.

2) How can you load the drivers?

ANSWER : Loading the driver or drivers you want to use is very simple and involves just one
line of code. If, for example, you want to use the JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver, the following
code will load it:

Eg.

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

Your driver documentation will give you the class name to use. For instance, if the class
name is jdbc.DriverXYZ , you would load the driver with the following line of code:

Eg.

Class.forName("jdbc.DriverXYZ");
3) What Class.forName will do while loading drivers?

ANSWER : It is used to create an instance of a driver and register it with the DriverManager.

When you have loaded a driver, it is available for making a connection with a DBMS.

4) How can you make the connection?

ANSWER : In establishing a connection is to have the appropriate driver connect to the

DBMS. The following line of code illustrates the general idea:

Eg.

String url = "jdbc:odbc:Fred";

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "Fernanda", "J8");

5) How can you create JDBC statements?

ANSWER : A Statement object is what sends your SQL statement to the DBMS. You simply
create a Statement object and then execute it, supplying the appropriate execute method
with the SQL statement you want to send. For a SELECT statement, the method to use is
executeQuery. For statements that create or modify tables, the method to use is
executeUpdate.

Eg.

It takes an instance of an active connection to create a Statement object. In the following

example, we use our Connection object con to create the Statement object stmt :

Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

6) How can you retrieve data from the ResultSet?

ANSWER : Step 1.

JDBC returns results in a ResultSet object, so we need to declare an instance of the class
ResultSet to hold our results. The following code demonstrates declaring the ResultSet
object rs.

Eg.

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COF_NAME, PRICE FROM COFFEES");

Step2.

String s = rs.getString("COF_NAME");

The method getString is invoked on the ResultSet object rs , so getString will retrieve (get)
the value stored in the column COF_NAME in the current row of rs

7) What are the different types of Statements?

ANSWER : 1.Statement (use createStatement method) 2. Prepared Statement (Use

prepareStatement method) and 3. Callable Statement (Use prepareCall)

8) How can you use PreparedStatement?

ANSWER : This special type of statement is derived from the more general class,
Statement.If you want to execute a Statement object many times, it will normally reduce
execution time to use a PreparedStatement object instead.

The advantage to this is that in most cases, this SQL statement will be sent to the DBMS
right away, where it will be compiled. As a result, the PreparedStatement object contains
not just an SQL statement, but an SQL statement that has been precompiled. This means
that when the PreparedStatement is executed, the DBMS can just run the
PreparedStatement 's SQL statement without having to compile it first.

Eg.

PreparedStatement updateSales = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE COFFEES SET SALES =

? WHERE COF_NAME LIKE ?");

9) What setAutoCommit does?

ANSWER : When a connection is created, it is in auto-commit mode. This means that each
individual SQL statement is treated as a transaction and will be automatically committed
right after it is executed. The way to allow two or more statements to be grouped into a
transaction is to disable auto-commit mode


ß 

 




What is === operator? »

==== is strict equality operator ,it returns true only when the two operands are having the
same value without any type conversion.
What are undefined and undeclared variables? »
Undeclared variables are those that are not declared in the program (do not exist at
all),trying to read their values gives runtime error.But if undeclared variables are assigned
then implicit declaration is done .
Undefined variables are those that are not assigned any value but are declared in the
program.Trying to read such variables gives special [...]
Does javascript have the concept level scope? »

No.Javascript does not have block level scope,all the variables declared inside a function
possess the same level of scope unlike c,c++,java.
What is variable typing in javascript? »

It is perfectly legal to assign a number to a variable and then assign a string to the same
variable as follows
example
i = 10;
i = ³string´;
This is called variable typing
What is the difference between undefined value and null value? »

(i)Undefined value cannot be explicitly stated that is there is no keyword called undefined
whereas null value has keyword called null
(ii)typeof undefined variable or property returns undefined whereas typeof null value
returns object