(Effective Alternative Secondary Education)

MATHEMATICS II
Y

MODULE 2
Searching for Patterns in Sequences,
Arithmetic, Geometric and Others

BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

Department of Education
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue,Pasig City

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 Module 2
Searching for Patterns in Sequences, Arithmetic,
Geometric and Others

What this module is about

This module is about finding the common difference and the n th term of an
arithmetic sequence. As you go over the exercises, you will develop skills in solving the
common difference and finding the n th term given the first few terms of an arithmetic
sequence; finding the first term and common difference or a specified n th term given two
terms of arithmetic sequence; and solve problems involving arithmetic means and
harmonic sequence . You will also recall some concepts on sequence.

What you are expected to learn

This module is designed for you to:

1. Recall sequence and differentiate finite and infinite sequence

2. Find the common difference and nth term given the first few terms of an arithmetic
sequence
3. Find the first term and common difference or a specified n th term given two terms
of an arithmetic sequence
4. Solve problems involving arithmetic means and harmonic sequence.

How much do you know

1. Find three terms of the sequence tn = 2 + 3n

a. 6, 8, 10 c. 5, 7, 9
b. 8, 12, 16 d. 5, 8, 11

2. A sequence where each succeeding term is obtained by adding a fixed

number is called a/an __________________.

3. The fixed number between any two succeeding terms is called ________.

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 4. Give the first four terms of the arithmetic sequence for which the first term is
9 and the common difference is 7?

a. 9, 12, 16, 21 c. 9, 12, 15 , 18

b. 9, 16, 23, 30 d. 9, 13, 17, 21

5. Give the arithmetic sequence whose 5th term is 16 and whose 7th term is 24?

a. 8, 12, 16, 20, … c. 7, 11, 15, 19, …

b. 8, 11, 14, 17, … d. 9, 14, 19, 24, …

6. Give the common difference of # 5 _____.

7. Insert two arithmetic means between 5 and 20.

8. Find the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence 9, 18, 27, 36, …

9. Find the 5th term of the harmonic sequence

_1_ , _1_ , _1_ , …
2 4 6

10. Find the arithmetic mean of 2 and 16.

What you will do

Lesson 1

Recalling Sequence

Sequence is a set of numbers arranged in a pattern.

Examples:

1. For the sequence denoted by tn = __n__, find the first six terms.
n+1

t1 = __1__ = _1_ t4 = __4__ = _4_

1+1 2 4+1 5

t2 = __2__ = _2_ t5 = __5__ = _5_

2+1 3 5+1 6

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t3 = __3__ = _3_ t6 = __6__ = _6_
3+1 4 6+1 7

The first six terms of a sequence are _1_ , _2_ , _3_ , _4_ , _5_ , and _6_ .
2 3 4 5 6 7

2. Find the first five terms of the sequence tn = 5n + 2n.

t1 = 5(1) + 21 = 5 + 2 = 7 t4 = 5(4) + 24 = 20 + 16 = 36

t2 = 5(2) + 22 = 10 + 4 = 14 t5 = 5(5) + 25 = 25 + 32 = 57

t3 = 5(3) + 23 = 15 + 8 = 23

The first five terms of the sequence tn = 5n + 2n are 7, 14, 23, 36 and 57.

Try this out

A. Find the first three terms of the sequence defined by each equation.
1. tn = n + 5 6. tn = 50 – 5n
2. tn = (-3)n 7. tn = (2)n+1
3. tn = 2n + 5 8. tn = (n – 4)n
4. tn = n(n + 10) 9. tn = 1/2(n – 6)
5. tn = 7n + 3 10. tn = (-2) n + (n – 1) n

B. Find the seventh terms in each sequence.

1. 2, 4, 6, 8, … 6. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, …
2. 100, 250, 400, … 7. 1, 3, 6, 10, …
3. 3, 10, 17, … 8. 1, 2, 4, 16, 32, …
4. 1, 4, 9, 16, … 9. -1, 2, -3, 4, …
5. 7, 17, 27, 37, … 10. 300, 200, 100, 0, …

Lesson 2

Arithmetic Sequences

Mr. Lorenzo’s daughter is graduating from elementary school this year. To

prepare his daughter’s college education he is thinking of either taking an education
plan for her, or save a fixed amount in a bank. He has already saved PhP8,000 for this
purpose. He decided to save PhP500 monthly in a bank starting this year.

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Think about it.

1. How much will he have saved after one year?

2. Let’s include the already saved PhP8,000 to his savings after a year, what is the
total savings?

Is this your answer?

1. PhP500 x 12 months = Ph6,000
2. Php 8,000 + PhP6,000 = Php 14,000

Think about it.

3. How much will he have saved after two years? three years? four years?
4. How much money will he have saved when his daughter enrolls in college?
5. Mr. Lorenzo estimates that his daughter will need P30,000 for her four years in
college. Will he have saved this amount by the time his daughter reaches the
last year in college?

Let’s summarize using a table.

Year Savings
1 8,000
2 8,000 + 6,000 = 14,000
3 8,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 = 20,000
4 8,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 = 26,000
5 8,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 =32,000

As shown on the equation, PhP6,000 is added to PhP8,000 savings on the first

year, then Php6,000 is added to the savings in a given year to find the savings for the
succeeding year. This procedure of using previous values to generate new values is
called iteration. If this procedure is followed, you will need to get the amount of savings
each year, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th before you can answer question #5.

There is a better way! This is seen in the pattern on the right side of the table.
Observed that pattern.

Year Savings
1 8,000 = 8,000 + 0(6,000)
2 8,000 + 6,000 = 8,000 + 1(6,000)
3 8,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 = 8,000 + 2(6,000)
4 8,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 = 8,000 + 3(6,000)
5 8,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 + 6,000 = 8,000 + 4(6,000)

Can you answer the following questions based on the given table?
1. What is the relationship between the number of times 6,000 is added to 8,000
and the year corresponding to that amount of savings?

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 2. How would you now answer question #5 without finding the amount of savings
yearly?

How about if Mr. Lorenzo’s daughter decided to take a 5-year course? Can you
answer it without the use of the table?

We can simplify this procedure if we will use a formula. Look at the relationship
between time and savings as shown in the table below.

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6
Savings 8,000 14,000 20,000 26,000 32,000 38,000

The numbers 8,000, 14,000, 20,000, 26,000, 32,000, 38,000 form a sequence
of six terms. Each number may be denoted as tn, where n= 1,2,3,…6.

The numbers
8,000 corresponds to t1
14,000 corresponds to t2
20,000 corresponds to t3
26,000 corresponds to t4
32,000 corresponds to t5
38,000 corresponds to t6

and so on to tn, It can be deduced that for the nth term tn(read t sub n),
tn = 8,000 + (n – 1)(6,000)

The value of n (year) which you substitute to the equation to solve t n (savings) is
the independent variable or x and the resulting t n is the dependent variable (y).

The equation tn = 8,000 + (n – 1)(6,000) is a sequence where n = 1.2.3.4.5.6

comprise the domain and the numbers are the range.

Domain is the set of all the first elements of a relation/equation.

Range is the set of all the second elements of a relation/equation.

Domain = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
Range = { 8 000 , 14 000 , 20 000 , 26 000 , 32 000 , 38 000 }

Let’s solve the problem using the equation tn = 8,000 + (n – 1)(6,000) with n = 6.
tn = 8,000 + (6 – 1)(6,000)
tn = 8,000 + 5(6,000)
tn = 8,000 + 30,000 = 38,000

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Consider these sequence. Find the next four terms of each.
1. 5, 25, 45, 65, … 3. 1, 9, 17, 25, …
2. 0, 9, 18, 27, … 4. -9, -4, 1, 6, …

In each sequence, how will you get the next terms?

Give the common difference of the following sequence.

1. 5, 25, 45, 65, …
25 – 5 = 20; 45 – 25 = 20; 65 – 45 = 20
so, we add a fixed value of 20 for every succeeding term
thus, the common difference is 20

2. 0, 9, 18, 27, …
9 – 0 = 9; 18 – 9 = 9; 27 – 18 = 9
the common difference is 9

3. 1, 9, 17, 25, …
9 – 1 = 8; 17 – 9 = 8; 25 – 18 = 8
the common difference is 8

4. -9, -4, 1, 6, …
-4 – (-9) = -4 + 9 = 5; 1 – (-4) = 1 + 4 = 5; 6 – 1 = 5
the common difference is 5

Now, you are ready to find the next terms of the given sequence.

Check if your answers are correct.

1. 5, 25, 45, 65, 85, 105, 125, 145
2. 0, 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63
3. 1, 9, 17, 25, 33, 41, 49, 57
4. -9, -4, 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26

How many correct answer/s did you get?

How did you get your answers?

1. 5, 25, 45, 65, 85, 105, 125, 145

the common difference is 20
65 + 20 = 85; 85 + 20 = 105; 105 + 20 = 125; 125 + 20 = 145

2. 0, 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63

the common difference is 9
27 + 9 = 36; 36 + 9 = 45; 45 + 9 = 54; 54 + 9 = 63

3. 1, 9, 17, 25, 33, 41, 49, 57

the common difference is 8

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 25 + 8 = 33; 33 + 8 = 41; 41 + 8 = 49; 49 + 8 = 57

4. -9, -4, 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26

the common difference is 5
6 +5 = 11; 11 + 5 = 16; 16 + 5 = 21; 21 + 5 = 26

A sequence where each succeeding term is obtained by adding a fixed

number is called an arithmetic sequence. This fixed number is the
common difference d between any two succeeding terms.

The sequence that begins 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, . . . is an arithmetic sequence since
the difference between consecutive terms is always 3.

The sequence that begins 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, -2, -4, . . . is an arithmetic sequence since

the difference between consecutive terms is always -2.

In order to identify if a pattern is an arithmetic sequence you must examine

consecutive terms. If all consecutive terms have a common difference you can
conclude that the sequence is arithmetic.

Consider the sequence: 4, 11, 18, 25, 32, . . .

Since:

11 - 4 = 7

18 - 11 = 7

25 - 18 = 7

32 - 25 = 7

the sequence is arithmetic. We can continue to find subsequent terms by adding 7.

Therefore, the sequence continues: 39, 46, 53, etc.

The terms (t) of the sequence can then be expressed this way:
t1 = t1 + 0d
t2 = t1 + d
t3 = t2 + d = ( t1 + d) + d = t1 + 2d
t4 = t3 + d = ( t1 + 2d) + d = t1 + 3d
t5 = t4 + d = ( t1 + 3d) + d = t1 + 4d
.
.

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 .
tn = tn - 1 + d = [(t1 + (n – 2)d) + d = t1 + (n –1)d

where tn is the last term

t1 is the first term
n is the number of terms and
d is the common difference

Any arithmetic sequence is defined by the equation given as

tn = t1 + (n –1)d

The sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 is an arithmetic sequence with the common

difference of 3. The defining equation of the sequence is y = 3x – 1 with the domain {1,
2, 3, 4, 5}. Since the domain consists of positive integers 1 up to 5 we call this finite
sequence.

If all the positive integers comprise the domain, then the sequence is infinite. The
infinite sequence 7, 2, -3, -8, -13, … is an arithmetic sequence with the common
difference -5 and the defining equation is y = 12 – 5x.

An arithmetic sequence is any sequence for which the defining equation is linear.
Linear equation is defined as y = mx + b. In equation tn = t1 + (n –1)d, what is y? m?
x? and b?

y is tn m is d x is (n – 1) and b is t1

tn = t1 + (n –1)d y = b + (x – 1)m or y = m(x – 1) + b

Can you now see the relationship between the domains and ranges of the linear
equation and arithmetic sequence?

Examples:

1. Give the first five terms of the arithmetic sequence for which the first term is 9 and
the common difference is 7?

a. By iteration
Since t1 = 9, then
t2 = 9 + 7 = 16
t3 = 16 + 7 = 23
t4 = 23 + 7 = 30 and
t5 = 30 + 7 = 37

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 b. By using the equation tn = t1 + (n – 1)d

Since t1 = 9, n = 5, d = 7
t5 = 9 + (5 – 1)7
t5 = 9 + (4)7 = 9 + 28 = 37

2. Find the 100th term of #1 using the equation.

t1 = 9, n = 100, d = 7
t5 = 9 + (100 – 1)7
t5 = 9 + (99)7 = 9 + 693 = 702

3. In the arithmetic sequence 1, 8, 15, 22, …, which term equals 519?

tn = 519, t1 = 1, n = ?, d = 7

519 = 1 + (n – 1)7
519 = 1 + 7n - 7
519 = 7n – 6
519 + 6 = 7n
525 = n
7
n = 75

519 is the 75th term of the arithmetic sequence.

4. Solve the following problem.

Mr. Simon bought a house at the beginning of 1995 for

PhP 150,000.00. If it increased PhP 10,000.00 in value each year,
how much was it worth at the end of 2005?

In1995 the amount of the house bought by Mr. Simon was PhP 150,000. In the
following year, 1996, PhP10,000 was added to the original amount, thus having the new
value of PhP160,000.00. Let’s place the data in the table to solve the problem.

Year Value of the House

1995 150,0000
1996 150,0000 + 10,000 = 160,000
1997 160,0000 + 10,000 = 170,000
1998 170,0000 + 10,000 = 180,000
1999 180,0000 + 10,000 = 190,000
2000 190,0000 + 10,000 = 200,000
2001 200,0000 + 10,000 = 210,000
2002 210,0000 + 10,000 = 220,000
2003 220,0000 + 10,000 = 230,000

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 2004 230,0000 + 10,000 = 240,000
2005 240,0000 + 10,000 = 250,000

This problem illustrate an arithmetic sequence.

Year Value of the House

1st 150,0000
2nd 150,0000 + 10,000 = 160,000
3rd 150,0000 + 2(10,000) = 170,000
4th 150,0000 + 3(10,000) = 180,000
5th 150,0000 + 4(10,000) = 190,000
6th 150,0000 + 5(10,000) = 200,000
7th 150,0000 + 6(10,000) = 210,000
8th 150,0000 + 7(10,000) = 220,000
9th 150,0000 + 8(10,000) = 230,000
10th 150,0000 + 9(10,000) = 240,000
11th 150,0000 + 10(10,000) = 250,000

The house worth Php250,000 at the end of 2005.

Let us use tn = t1 + (n – 1)d to solve the problem.

t11 = 150,000 + (11 – 1)10,000
= 150,000 + 100,000
= 250,000

5. Solve this problem.

A restaurant has square tables which seat four people. When two tables are
placed together, six people can be seated (see the diagram) .

If 20 square tables are placed together to form one long table, how many people
can be seated?

If 1000 square tables are placed together to form one very long table, how many
people can be seated?

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 One approach to solving the problem is to make a table in order to see if there is
a pattern that relates the number of tables to the number of people that can be seated.

Number of Number of
Diagram
Tables Seats

1 4

2 6

3 8

4 10

The pattern that is emerging is clearly an arithmetic sequence. The numbers in

the sequence begin 4, 6, 8, 10, ... .

To find the number of people that can sit at 20 tables, use the formula: tn = t1 + (n
– 1)d

The first element: t1 = 4. The common difference: d = 2. The term: n = 20.

t20 = 4 + (20 – 1)2

The 20th term = 4 + (19 X 2) = 4 + 38 = 42

Therefore, 42 people could sit at 20 tables.

To find the number of people that can sit at 1000 tables, use the formula.

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 The first element: t1 = 4. The common difference = d = 2. The term: n = 1000.

t1000 = t1 + (1000 – 1)2

The 1000th term = 4 + (999 X 2) = 4 + 1098 = 2002

Therefore, 2002 people could sit at 1000 tables.

Try this out

A. Give the common difference of the following sequence.

1. 2, 4, 6, … d = _____

2. 13, 16, 19, 22, … d = _____

3. 99, 88, 77, 66, … d = _____

4. _1_, _1_, _3_, _1_, … d = _____

8 4 8 2

5. 99, 87, 75, 63, … d = _____

6. -8, -3, 2, 7, … d = _____

7. 91, 84, 77, 70,… d = _____

_ _ _ _
8. √3 , 2√3 , 3√3 , 4√3 , … d = _____

9. 25, 34, 43, 52, … d = _____

10. 10, 4, -2, -8, … d = _____

B. Find the term indicated in each of the following arithmetic sequences.

1. 2, 4, 6, … 15th term

2. 13, 16, 19, 22, … 25th term

3. 99, 88, 77, 66, … 18th term

4. _1_, _1_, _3_, _1_, … 20th term

8 4 8 2

5. 99, 87, 75, 63, … 12th term

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 6. -8, -3, 2, 7, … 23rd term

7. 91, 84, 77, 70,… 17th term

_ _ _ _
8. √3 , 2√3 , 3√3 , 4√3 , … 14th term

9. 25, 34, 43, 52, … 10th term

10. 10, 4, -2, -8, … 22nd term

C. Find the first three terms defined by the following equations.

1. 8 + _3_
a

2. 3b + _b + 1_
2b

3. _5_ + 8
3c

4. 2b + _4 + b_
b

5. b2 + __2__
b+2

D. Solve the following problems.

1. In the arithmetic sequence -3, 0, 3, 6, …, which term is equal to 138?

2. In the arithmetic sequence 15, 21, 27, 33, …, which term equals to 177?

3. The force of gravity causes a body to fall 16.1 decimeters during the first second,
48.3 the next second, 80.5 the third, and so on. How far will the body fall in 10
seconds?

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 Lesson 3

Finding the 1st Term and Common Difference Given Two terms of Arithmetic
Sequence

Examples:

1. If the 6th term of an arithmetic sequence is 27 and the 12 th term is 48, find the first
term.

We have two equations,

Equation 1 t6 = 27
27 = t1 + (6 – 1)d
27 = t1 + 5d

Equation 2 t12 = 48
48 = t1 + (12 – 1)d
48 = t1 + 11d

Subtract Equation 1 from Equation 2.

48 = t1 + 11d
27 = t1 + 5d_
21 = 6d
21 = 6d
6 6
7 = d
2

It can also be solved by subtracting Equation 2 from Equation 1

27 = t1 + 5d
48 = t1 + 11d
-21 = - 6d
-21 = - 6d
-6 -6
7 = d
2

Substitute the value of d in the first equation we have,

27 = t1 + 5 ( 7 )
2

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 27 = t1 + 35
2
54 – 35 = t1
2

19 or 9 1_ = t1
2 2

You can also use the 2nd equation to find the first term.

48 = t1 + 11( 7 )
2
48 = t1 + 77
2
96 – 77 = t1
2

19 or 9 1_ = t1
2 2

2. Find the arithmetic sequence of 6 terms if the first term is _2_ and the last
is 7 _1_ . 3
3

You need to find d first to solve the problem.

_22_ = _2_ + (6 – 1)d

3 3

_22_ = _2_ + 5d
3 3

_22_ – _2_ = 5d
3 3

_20_ = 5d
3

_20_ = d
15

d = _4_
3
t1 = _2_ t2 = _2_ + _4_ = _6_ = 2
3 3 3 3

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t3 = 2 + _4_ = _6 + 4_ = _10_ t4 = _10_ + _4_ = _14_
3 3 3 3 3 3

t5 = _14_ + 4_ = _18_ or 6 t6 = 6 + _4_ = _18 + 4 _ = _22_

3 3 3 3 3 3

Therefore the required sequence is _2_ , 2, _10_ , _14_ , 6, _22_

3 3 3 3

3. What is the arithmetic sequence whose 23rd term is -107 and whose 55th term is
-267?
t23 = -107 and t55 = -267

Since tn = t1 + (n – 1)d

then t23 = t1 + (23 – 1)d

-107= t1 + 22d

and t55 = t1 + (55 – 1)d

-267= t1 + 54d

You take -107= t1 + 22d as Equation 1, and take -267= t1 + 54d as Equation 2.

Equations 1 and 2 are two linear equations of two unknowns.

-107 = t1 + 22d -107 = t1 + 22d
– (-267 = t1 + 54d) + 267 = - t1 – 54d
160 = -32d
160 = d
-32
d = -5
Find t1 using equation 1.

t23 = t1 + (23 – 1)-5

-107 = t1 + (22)-5
-107 = t1 + -110
-107 + 110 = t1
t1 = 3

You can also use equation 2 to find t1

t55 = t1 + (55 – 1)-5

-267 = t1 + (54)-5
-267 = t1 + -270
-267 + 270 = t1
t1 = 3

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The arithmetic sequence is 3, -2, -7, -12, …

Try this out

1. Form an arithmetic sequence with 1st term 3 and 7th term 15.

2. Find the arithmetic sequence whose 34th term is -39 and 50th term is -61.

3. Find the arithmetic sequence whose 10th term is _31_ and 20th term is _71.
4 4

4. How many numbers less than 400 but greater than 10 are divisible by 7?

5. Find the 29th to the 35th terms of the resulting sequence in #4.

6. What are the first five terms of an arithmetic sequence whose 9 th term is 16 and
40th term is 47?

7. The 18th and 52nd terms of an arithmetic sequence are 3 and 173 respectively.
Find the 25th term.

8. Find the value of m so that 8m + 4, 6m – 2, and 2m – 7 will form an arithmetic

sequence.

Lesson 4

Solving Problems Involving Arithmetic Means

In an arithmetic sequence, the term(s) between any two terms is (are)

called arithmetic mean(s) between two terms.

Examples:

1. Find the arithmetic means between 2 and 8.

Given two terms plus two terms means there are four terms in all. Assume that
t1 = 2 and t4 = 8. Let’s have the diagram of the sequence.

2 , __, __, 8
t1 , t2 , t3 , t4
tn = t1 + (n – 1)d
8 = 2 + (4 – 1)d
8 = 2 + 3d
8 – 2 = 3d

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 6 = 3d
d=2

Hence, t2 = 2 + (2 – 1)2
t2 = 2 + 2 = 4

t3 = 2 + (3 – 1)2
t3 = 2 + 4 = 6

The numbers 4 and 6 are the two arithmetic means between 2 and 8

2. Find the five arithmetic means between 5 and 47.

Given two terms plus five terms means there are seven terms in all. Assume that
t1 = 5 and t7 = 47. Let’s have the diagram of the sequence.

5 , __, __, __, __, __, 47

t1 , t2 , t3 , t4 , t5 , t6 , t7
tn = t1 + (n – 1)d
47 = 5 + (7 – 1)d
47 = 5 + 6d
47 – 5 = 6d
42 = 6d
d=7

Hence, t2 = 5 + (2 – 1)7; t2 = 5 + 7 = 12
t3 = 5 + (3 – 1)7; t3 = 5 + 14 = 19
t4 = 5 + (4 – 1)7; t4 = 5 + 21 = 26
t5 = 5 + (5 – 1)7; t5 = 5 + 28 = 33
t6 = 5 + (6 – 1)7; t6 = 5 + 35 = 40

The numbers 12, 19, 26, 33, and 40 are the five arithmetic means between 5 and 47.

3. Insert six arithmetic means between 2 and 16. Also prove that their sum is 6
times the arithmetic mean between 2 and 16.

2 , __, __, __, __, __, __, 16

t1 , t2 , t3 , t4 , t5 , t6 , t7 , t8

Let t1 , t2 , t3 , t4 , t5 , t6 be the six arithmetic means between 2 and 16. Then, by

definition, 2, t1, t2, ..., t6, 16 are in arithmetic progression.

Let d be the common difference. Here 16 is the 8 th term.

tn = t1 + (n – 1)d

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 t8 = 2 + (8 – 1)d
16 = 2 + (8 – 1)d
16 = 2 +7d
16 – 2 = 7d
14_ = d
7
d=2

Hence, the six arithmetic means are: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14.

Now the sum of these means

4 + 6 + 8 + 10+ 12 + 14 = 54.

Find the arithmetic mean between 2 and 16.

Let d be the common difference. Here 16 is the 3 rd term.

tn = t1 + (n – 1)d
t3 = 2 + (3 – 1)d
16 = 2 + (3 – 1)d
16 = 2 +2d
16 – 2 = 2d
14_ = d
2
d=7

Hence the arithmetic mean between 2 and 16 is 9.

The sum of the arithmetic means 54 is 6 times the arithmetic mean between 2
and 16, which is 9. 54 = 6(9)

Try this out

Solve what is asked:

1. Insert four arithmetic means between -1 and 14.

2. Insert five arithmetic means between 14 and 86.
3. Insert three arithmetic means between -18 and 4.
4. Insert four arithmetic means between 12 and -3
5. Insert one arithmetic mean between 24 and 68. Such a number is called the
arithmetic mean of the two numbers.
6. Find the arithmetic mean of 7 and -15.
7. Find the four arithmetic means between 7 and -15.
8. Find the arithmetic mean of _3_ and _5_.
5 3

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 9. Insert 5 arithmetic means between -2 and 10. Show that their sum is 5 times the
arithmetic mean between -2 and 10.
10. Insert 10 arithmetic means between -5 and 17 and prove that their sum is 10
times the arithmetic mean between -5 and 17.

Lesson 5

Solving Problems Involving Harmonic Sequence

Harmonic Sequence is a sequence of numbers whose reciprocals form an

arithmetic sequence.

Examples:

1. Insert two harmonic means between 1 and 1.

4 8
Get the reciprocal of _1_ 4
4

and _1_ 8
8

4, ___, ___, 8
t1 , t2 , t3 , t4

Use tn = t1 + (n – 1)d to find d.

8 = 4 + (4 – 1) d
8–4 = 3d
4 = 3d
_4_ = d
3

add d to t1:

4 + _4_ = 12 + 4 = _16_ then get the reciprocal:

3 3 3
t2 = _3_
16

Solve for t3 :

16 + _4_ = _20_ then get the reciprocal:

3 3 3

21
t3 = _3_
20

To verify : The reciprocals of the terms form an arithmetic sequence.

The harmonic sequence is: The arithmetic sequence:

_1_ , _3_ , _3_ , _1_ 4 , _16_ , _20_ , 8

4 16 20 8 3 3

The common difference is 4.

3
th
2. Find the 15 term of the harmonic sequence -1, 1, _1_ , _1_ , …
3 5
Get the reciprocal and the corresponding arithmetic sequence is -1, 1, 3, 5, …

Find d using the first and the fourth terms

t4 = t1 + 3d
5 = -1 + (4 – 1)d
5 + 1 = 3d
6 = 3d
_6_ = d
3
d=2

Find the 15th term using t1 = -1, d = 2 and n = 15

t15 = -1 + ( 15 – 1)2
= -1 + (14)2
t15 = 27

Try this out

A. Find the indicated term of the following harmonic sequences.

1. _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , … 9th term

2 5 8 11

2. _2_ , _1_ , _2_ , _1_ , … 10th term

3 2 5 3

3. _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , … 12th term

4 9 14 19

22
 4. _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , … 15th term
5 7 9 11

5. _- 4_ , -4 , _4_ , … 8th term

5 3
B. Find the harmonic mean of the following.

6. 1 and 1
4 8

7. _1_ and _1_

8 3

8. _9_ and _4_

8 8

9. Insert three harmonic means between _7_ and _1_ .

6 18

10. What is the resulting 8-term harmonic sequence if the related arithmetic
sequence has for its 8th term 74 and common difference 7?

Let’s Summarize

Sequence is a set of numbers arranged in a pattern

Domain is the set of all the first elements of a relation/equation.

Range is the set of all the second elements of a relation/equation.

Arithmetic Sequence is a sequence where each succeeding term is obtained by

adding a fixed number

Common Difference (d) is a fixed number added to a preceding term to obtain the
succeeding term.

Any arithmetic sequence is defined by the equation given as tn = t1 + (n –1)d

There are two types of sequence: finite and infinite sequence

Finite Sequence is an arithmetic sequence with finite elements in the domain.

Infinite Sequence is an arithmetic sequence with infinite elements in the domain.

23
An arithmetic sequence is any sequence for which the defining equation is linear.

In an arithmetic sequence, the term(s) between any two terms is (are) called Arithmetic
Mean(s) between two terms.

Harmonic Sequence is a sequence of numbers whose reciprocals form an arithmetic

sequence.

What have you learned

1. For the sequence denoted by tn = __2n__, find the first five terms.
5+n
a. _2_ , _ 3_ , _5 _ , _ 6_ , _ 7_ c. _2 _ , _ 4_ , _6 _ , _ 8_ , _ 10_
7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10

b. _3_ , _ 4_ , _5 _ , _ 6_ , _ 7_ d. _2 , _ 4_ , _6 _ , _ 4_ , _ 5_
7 8 9 10 11 8 9 9 10 11

2. Find the first three terms of the sequence tn = 3 + 3n.

a. 6, 12, 30, 84 c. 6, 12, 18, 24
b. 6, 9, 12, 15 d. 6, 9, 18, 36

3. Give the first four terms of the arithmetic sequence for which the first term is
5 and the common difference is 4?
a. 5, 9, 12, 16 c. 5, 9, 12, 15
b. 5, 9, 13, 16 d. 5, 9, 13, 17

4. Give the arithmetic sequence whose 7th term is 23 and whose 12th
term is 38?
a. 5, 9, 13, 14, 18, … c. 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, …
b. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, … d. 5, 8, 12, 17, 23, …

5. The common difference of # 4 is _____.

6. Find the three arithmetic means between 9 and 33.

a. 15, 21, 27 c. 14, 20, 26
b. 12, 17, 22 d. 13, 20, 27

7. Find the 25th term of the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, …

8. Insert four arithmetic means between 12 and 47.

9. Find the 10th term of the harmonic sequence

24
 _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , …
2 5 8 11

10. Find the arithmetic mean of _2_ and _3_.

3 2

25
 Key to correction

How much do you know

1. d 6. 4
2. arithmetic sequence 7. 10 and 15
3. common difference 8. 90
4. b 9. 1
10
5. a 10. 9

Try this out

Lesson 1

A.
1. 6, 7, 8 6. 45, 40, 35
2. -3,. 9, -27 7. 4, 8, 16
3. 7, 9, 11 8. -3, 4, -1
4. 11, 24, 39 9. -5/2 , -2, -3/2
5. 10, 17, 24 10. -2, 5, 0
B.
1. 14 6. 8
2. 1,000 7. 28
3. 45 8. 128
4. 49 9. -7
5. 67 10. -300

Lesson 2

A.
1. 2 6. 5
2. 3 7. -7
3. -11 8. √ 3
4. 1/8 9. 9
5. -12 10. -6

26
B.
1. 30 6. 102
2. 85 7. -21
3. -88 8. 14 √3
4. 5/2 or 2 1/2 9. 106
5. -33 10. -116
C.
1. 11, 19/2, 9
2. 4, 27/4, 29/3
3. 29/3, 53/6, 77/9
4. 7, 7, 25/3 or 8 1/3
5. 1 2/3, 4 ½, 9 2/5
D.
1. 138 = -3 + (n –1)3 = -3 + 3n – 3
n = 144 = 48 48th term
3
2. 177 = 15 + (n –1)6 = 15 + 6n – 6
n = 168 = 28 28th term
6
3. t t0 = 16.1 + (10 – 1)32.2
= 16.1 + (9)32.2 = 16.1 + 289.8
= 305..9 decimeters

Lesson 3

1. 3, 5, 7, 9,…
2. -39 = t1 + (34 – 1)d = t1 + 33d Equation 1
-61 = t1 + (50 – 1)d = t1 + 49d Equation 2
Subtract Equation 1 from 2 - 22 = 16d
d = -11_
8
Find t1 by substituting d to any of Equation 1 or 2. t 1 = 51
8
The arithmetic sequence is _51_, 5, _29_, _9 , …
8 8 4
3. 31 = t1 + 9d Equation 1
4
71 = t1 + 19d Equation 2
4

27
 d = 1, and t1 = -_5_
4
The arithmetic sequence is _-5_, _ -1_ , _3_, _7_ , …
4 4 4 4
4. d = 7, t1 = 14, and t1 = 399, find n = ? n = 56

5. t29 = 14 + (29 – 1)7 = 210

The 29th term to 35th term are 210, 217, 224, 231, 238, 245, 252

6. d = 1, t1 = 8, and the first five terms are 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

7. d = 5, t1 = -82, and the 25th term = 38

8. Find the common difference of the 2nd and 1st terms

(6m – 2) – ( 8m – 4) = -2m – 6
(2m – 7) – ( 6m – 2) = -4m – 5
To find m equate -2m – 6 and -4m – 5 -2m – 6 = -4m – 5 m=½
Lesson 4

1. 2, 5, 8, 11
2. 26, 38, 50, 62, 74
3. -_25_, -7, _-3_
2 2
4. 12, 9, 6, 3, 0, -3
5. 24, 46, 68
6. 7, -4, -15
7. 7, -13 , -9, -31, -53, -15
5 5 5 5
8. _-17_
15
9. d = 2
The 5 arithmetic means between -2 and 10 are 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and the sum is 20
d=6
The arithmetic mean between -2 and 10 is 4
5(4) = 20
10. d = 2
The 10 arithmetic means between -5 and 17 are -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and
15 and the sum is 60
d = 11
The arithmetic mean between -5 and 17 is 6
10(6) = 60

28
Lesson 5
A.
1. t9 = _1_
26
2. t10 = _1_
6

3. t12 = _1_
59

4. t15 = _1_
33

5. t8 = _4_
23
B.
6. _1_
6

7. _2_
11

8. _9_
13

9. _7_ , _7_, _7_

36 66 96

10. 25, 32, 39, 46, 53, 60, 67, 74

Harmonic Mean _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , _1_ , _1_
25 32 39 46 53 60 67 74
74 = t1 + (7)7 = 25

What have you learned

1. c 6. a
2. a 7. 74
3. d 8. 19, 26, 33, 40
4. b 9. 29
5. 3 10. 13
12

29