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Lab2 - Arithmetic and Logic Opertaions

The document describes various arithmetic and logical operations that can be performed on digital images in MATLAB. These include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of pixel values in images. Logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT are also described. Examples of code are provided to demonstrate adding a constant to an image, subtracting one image from another, multiplying an image by a constant, and dividing one image by another. Exercises are included to have students write MATLAB code to perform flipping, cropping, resizing, and displaying images using different operations.

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bhaskar
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291 views

Lab2 - Arithmetic and Logic Opertaions

The document describes various arithmetic and logical operations that can be performed on digital images in MATLAB. These include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of pixel values in images. Logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT are also described. Examples of code are provided to demonstrate adding a constant to an image, subtracting one image from another, multiplying an image by a constant, and dividing one image by another. Exercises are included to have students write MATLAB code to perform flipping, cropping, resizing, and displaying images using different operations.

Uploaded by

bhaskar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image Processing Lab, Dept. of ECE, KL University, A.P., India.

Student Id No:

Name: Lab Section: Id No:

Pre-lab Session In-Lab Session Post Lab session Viva Total Marks
work (5M) work (15M) work (5M) (5M) 30M

Remarks if any:

Date: Signature of the Instructor Marks awarded

Digital Image Processing-Lab (15-EC 4110L)


2. Arithmetical and Logical Operations on Images

Image arithmetic applies one of the standard arithmetic operations or a logical operator
to two or more images. The operators are applied in a pixel-by-pixel way, i.e. the value of a
pixel in the output image depends only on the values of the corresponding pixels in the input
images. Hence, the images must be of the same size. Although image arithmetic is the
simplest form of image processing, there is a wide range of applications. A main advantage
of arithmetic operators is that the process is very simple and therefore fast.

Logical operators are often used to combine two (mostly binary) images. In the case of
integer images, the logical operator is normally applied in a bitwise way.

In this lecture we will talk about arithmetic operations such as subtraction and averaging as
well as logic operations such as Not, AND, and OR. In this lecture we will see how we can
remove noise from an image by using image averaging.

Objectives:

To

(a) understand the arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction multiplication,


division and averaging.
(b) explore the logic operations such as NOT, OR, AND, and XOR etc.

2.1 Image Arithmetic: An image is represented in a matrix format. To perform image


arithmetic the size of the two matrices should be same. The operation on two images results
in a new image.
Digital Image Processing Lab, Dept. of ECE, KL University, A.P., India. Student Id No:

2.1.1 Image Addition: To add two images or a constant value, use ‘imadd’ function which is
built in function. Imadd method can be used to brighten an image by adding a constant value
to each pixel.

Example 2.1: Image addition by a constant value


Refer DIP_2_1.m
< Type the Matlab codes here >
< Plot the figures and type the results here >
Example 2.2: Addition of two images
Refer DIP_2_2.m
< Type the Matlab codes here >
< Plot the figures and type the results here >
2.1.2 Image Subtraction: ‘imsubtract’ is builtin Matlab function to subtract each pixel value
in one of the input images from another, or subtract a constant value from an image. Image
subtraction can be used for more complex image processing. Image subtraction is used to
detect images in a series of images of the same scene. For this operation the images must
be the same size and class.
(a) Image subtraction from a constant value.
Example 3:
Refer DIP_2_3.m
< Type the Matlab codes here >
< Plot the figures and type the results here >
(b) Image subtraction from another image.
Example 4:
Refer DIP_2_4.m
< Type the Matlab codes here >
< Plot the figures and type the results here >
2.1.3 Image Multiplication: ‘immultiply’ multiplies each pixel value in one of the input
images from the corresponding pixel in the other input image or multiply a constant value
and returns the result in the corresponding pixel in an output image. If elements of output
image exceeding the range of integer type are truncated, and fractional values are rounded.
Image multiplication can be used for more complex image processing. For this operation the
images must be the same size and class.
(a) Image multiplication with a constant value.
Example 5:
Refer DIP_2_5.m
< Type the Matlab codes here >
< Plot the figures and type the results here >
Digital Image Processing Lab, Dept. of ECE, KL University, A.P., India. Student Id No:

(b) Image multiplication with another image.


Example 6:
Refer DIP_2_6.m
< Type the Matlab codes here >
< Plot the figures and type the results here >

2.1.4: Image division:


(a) Divide an Image by a Constant Factor
Example 7:
Refer DIP_2_7.m
< Type the Matlab codes here >
< Plot the figures and type the results here >
(b) Divide Image by another image
Example 8:
Refer DIP_2_8.m
< Type the Matlab codes here >
< Plot the figures and type the results here >

2.2 Logical Operations: Logic operations provide a powerful complement to implementa-


tion of image processing algorithms based on morphology. The logic operations are applied
for binary images. These operations consist of 4 basic binary operations: AND, OR, and
XOR and a unary operator NOT. Secondary operators can be created by combining the
three binary operators with the unary operator, yielding: NAND, NOR, and XNOR. Logic
operations are performed on a pixel by pixel basis between corresponding pixels of two or
more images (except NOT, which operates on the pixels of a single image).
Example 9:
Refer DIP_2_9.m
< Type the Matlab codes here >
< Plot the figures and type the results here >
Digital Image Processing Lab, Dept. of ECE, KL University, A.P., India. Student Id No:

Lab2-Exercise Questions

Exercise1: Write a Matlab code for the following flipped images

Exercise2: Consider the following figure. Write a Matlab program to extract the appropriate
rectangular portion of the image (shown in a red color rectangular) and display in a separate
window. Identify the size of the resultant image and calculate the memory size.

Exercise3: Consider the following figure which is a rectangular in size. Write a matlab
program to display the image in a suitable square image (2n X2n).

imtool(J,'DisplayRange',[]);

Exercise4: Consider the following image of size 180X180. Develop Matlab code to display
the image using arithmetic and logic operations.
Digital Image Processing Lab, Dept. of ECE, KL University, A.P., India. Student Id No:

Exercise5: Write a Matlab code to read and display an image 'board.tif'. Now
display a portion of the image that has the dimensions of 256X256.
Exercise6: Enter the following Matlab code and observe the results
clear; close all; clc;
im = imread('cameraman.tif');

im1=imdivide(im,64);
im2=immultiply(im1,64);
figure();
subplot(1,3,1); imshow(im,[]); title('Original Image');
subplot(1,3,2); imshow(im1,[]); title('Divided by 4');
subplot(1,3,3); imshow(im2,[]); title('Multiply by 4');

Comment on the result. Why is the result not equivalent to the original image?

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