Tk25 Report Assignment2

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
ANTI-STAIN DEODORANT
Report Assignment 2
GROUP 25
GROUP PERSONNEL:
AGUSTINUS RONALDO (1606871360)
ANNISA HALIMATUS SA’DIYAH (1706104350)
BADZLINA KHAIRUNIZZAHRAH (1606907972)
LEILANA LARISSA (1606871354)
RANYA JAMAL ALKATIRI (1606907991)
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY
DEPOK
MARCH 2019
EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY
Underarm stain on textiles are stains that are known to be problem of fabric
damage. This stain like spots occur when the deodorant’s active ingredient gets
directly contact onto the textile specially when the anti-perspirant of the deodorant
made from aluminum salts. More over the conventional deodorant still reported to
cause inflammation on the skin through the exposure of harmful ingredient. Thus,
there is opportunity for new concept of deodorant and antiperspirant product that
safe to use daily even for the most sensitive skin but not form stain on fabric.
After knowing the detail of the product’s problem, the authors find out the
existing idea about the product in the market. It is classified into mechanism, form
and ingredients. The authors also find out many new concept ideas that have
possibility to better deodorant concept. To create these new concepts about anti-
stain deodorant, the choice of the method will depend on different factors that
corelate with these basic needs.
The new concept of anti-stain deodorant is formed to be able for any gender
in form of unisex title. The change in base of antiperspirant the cause of the stain is
chosen between aluminum chloride as the existing for the less stain deodorant and
𝛽-cyclodextrin as the new concept material. The option for this is found between
citric acid and bengkoang extract.
The authors also find mechanism for the product to exist are chosen between
the emulsifier system that keep active ingredient to penetrate fast into layer of skin
and encapsulation that protect active ingredient to decay. More over shape of
product are critically important for product to exist. There is found roll on and spray
to be the most popular existing concept on the market. The authors has researched
the most convenient shape that could be introduced that is squeezed tube shape that
could be controlled easily and fit in the palm of the hand and one-time use paper
that more hygienist.
The existing and new concepts are combined to provide alternative ideas for
better anti-stain deodorants. From the combined concept obtained 192 concepts.
The first thing to do is to eliminate concepts that are impossible to develop based
ii Universitas Indonesia
on scientific background and other factors, so that the number of ideas becomes
smaller. Elimination of the first concept using the R, V, F methods. The concepts
are sorted into three groups, Redundant (R), Foolish (F) or Vague (V) and from the
results of elimination using the R, V, F methods, 20 concepts are obtained. Then
the concept is eliminated again using the screening concept with the matrix "+", "-
", and "0" and obtained 5 concepts that must be continued in the concept scoring.
In the concept scoring, the concept is scored to narrow it down to get the best
concept among other concepts. In a brief explanation, the author makes a set of
weighing factors based on the importance of the criteria stated in the concept
screening section. The selection matrix is prepared to rank concepts based on
criteria that have been specified each into 6 ranking parameters. The best concept
is number 90, which is a squeeze tube deodorant that use emulsifier system
containing an active ingredient of Dimethicone, Ag-Zeolite, Beta-Cyclodextrin,
Methyl Heptane Carbonate, Niacinamide and Bengkoang Extract. Concept number
90 had a total score 3,7, which is the highest among all the other 4 concepts. This
concept was chosen because it has a safe content for the skin with a good
mechanism and packaging that is simple and not easily damaged.
The selected concept is tested on primary and secondary market targets to see
whether the proposed concept meets the needs of consumers and their interest in
the product itself through a questionnaire. Survey interpretation shows that 55% of
our respondents are willing to buy products with the chosen concept. These results
indicate a positive response from the target market, so the authors are confident to
continue and continue to improve this concept.
Conceptual mapping is a graph that describes the position of the concept itself
based on the criteria that the author uses in the screening process and evaluates with
other anti-stain deodorant products. The author uses benchmark products in the first
assignment as existing products to compare. These products are; Rexona, Nivea,
Dove, Adidas, and Nu Ski Scion. Comparison of own product concepts and existing
products has advantages in terms of product design that is skin-friendly and
practical and durable.
iii Universitas Indonesia

LIST OF CONTENTS
EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................. ii

LIST OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... iv
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................ vii
CHAPTER I CONCEPT GENERATION ............................................. 1
1.1 Background of the Ideas ........................................................... 1
1.2 Problem Decomposition ........................................................... 2
1.3 Existing Concept ....................................................................... 3
1.4 New Ideas Concept .................................................................... 3
1.4.1 Ingredient ............................................................................. 4
1.4.2 Mechanism ........................................................................... 6
1.5 Combination of New and Existing Concept ............................. 7
1.6 Concept Elimination ............................................................... 10
CHAPTER II CONCEPT SELECTION ............................................. 41
2.1 Concept Screening ................................................................... 41
2.1.1 Concept Selection Matrix ................................................... 42
2.1.2 Determining Rate of Concepts ............................................ 42
2.1.3 Ranking of the Concept ...................................................... 44
2.2 Concept Scoring ...................................................................... 45
2.2.1 Scoring the Weight of Criteria ............................................ 45
2.2.2 Choosing the Best Concept ................................................. 45
2.3 Concept Testing ....................................................................... 48
2.3.1 Purpose of Concept Tesrting ............................................... 48
2.3.2 Population of the Survey ..................................................... 48
2.3.3 Form of the Survey ............................................................. 48
2.3.4 Statistic Resulted from Survey ............................................ 48
CHAPTER III FINAL CONCEPT ...................................................... 51
3.1 Final Concept and Specification ............................................. 51
3.2 Product Specification .............................................................. 53
iv Universitas Indonesia
3.3 Product Positioning ................................................................. 54
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION ............................................................ 58
REFERENCES ..................................................................................... 60
APPENDICES ...................................................................................... 62
v Universitas Indonesia
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Mind Map for Exixting Concepts of Anti-Stain Deodorant ........... 3
Figure 1.2 Concept Tree for New Concepts of unisex anti-stain deodorant .... 7
Figure 1.3 Combined Product Concept of Unisex Anti-stain Deodorant......... 9
Figure 2.1 Respondent Gender ........................................................................ 49
Figure 2.2 Respondent Ages Group ................................................................ 49
Figure 2.3 Identify Deodorant User ................................................................ 50
Figure 2.4 Product Preferred .......................................................................... 50
Figure 3.1. Conceptual Map ............................................................................ 55
vi Universitas Indonesia
LIST OF TABLES
Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination ........................................................................ 11

Tabel 1.2. Concept Generated ......................................................................... 38
Table 2.1. Selection Criteria ............................................................................ 42
Tabel 2.2 Rate of Concept................................................................................ 43
Tabel 2.3 Concept Ranking ............................................................................. 44
Tabel 2.4 Criteria Parameters ......................................................................... 46
Tabel 2.5 Best Concept Scroing ....................................................................... 47
Table 3.1 Final Specifications of the Product ................................................. 54
Table 3.2 Comparison between Existing and Own Product Based on the
Criteria ............................................................................................................. 55
vii Universitas Indonesia

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Ideas

Deodorants and antiperspirants are two of the most commonly used
cosmetic products, with millions of consumers applying these products to their
armpits every day. However, antiperspirants and deodorants are a product that is
not perfect and still has many complaints.
One of the complaints is cosmetic allergy, thus these products and their
constituents are frequently used when patch testing individuals with Allergic
contact dermatitis (ACD) to find and tackle the solution. Following a positive patch
test, finding deodorants or antiperspirants that are free of the detected allergens can
be problematic for patients due to the widespread use of a number of common
allergens. These are sought to systematically evaluate the potentially allergenic
ingredients in products that are widely available to consumers in the world.
The most commonly occurring allergen found in the research was fragrance,
which was present in 90 percent of the deodorants contained in the Walgreens
database (Uter W, 2007). Fragrance is added to deodorants not only to increase
marketability, but also to enhance their function by counteracting underarm odor.
Axillary dermatitis has been shown to be overrepresented in individuals with known
fragrance allergies. In fact, history of a rash due to the use of a scented deodorant
increases the risk of fragrance allergy by a factor of 2.4 (Johansen, 2003). This
information should be helpful to clinicians who detect allergy to ingredients that
are potentially present by allowing them to better assess the likelihood of past,
present, and future exposure to these allergens via antiperspirants and deodorants.
Other complaints is that the deodorant and anti-perspirants doesn’t work
efficiently by leaving clothes stain and lumps on the skin. Clothes stain could occur
due to the presence of aluminum salts in antiperspirant products, combined with the
moisture of the perspiration, may cause yellow and white stain on clothing which
is often noticed around the underarm area of a shirt's sleeves. While lumps could
occur due to antiperspirants which may block the skin's pores. This may potentially
1 Universitas Indonesia
2
cause bacterial or fungal infections that can result in armpit lumps or cysts,
according to the Milton Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University. The
solution that has been made so far to tackle this issue are avoiding antiperspirant
product, but these solutions could occur another major issue which is excessive
sweat. Hence, there are no ideal solution so far which still make deodorant and
antiperspirant not perfect. Based on the background that has been explained, the
authors are concerned to create a concept by elaborating and select the specification
using some methods in order to make deodorant and antiperspirant product with
less complaints.
1.2 Problem Decomposition
The first step is the authors must do to generating concept is decomposing
the main problem to the sub-problems. From the problem of “Anti-Stain
Deodorant”, the authors breakdown the word by word and analyze every single sub-
problem by make questions based on those sub-problems. Here are questions for
each sub-problem.
Anti – Stain Deodorant
Anti
• What does anti stands for?
• What kind of information should be done for this anti?
Stain
• What does stain mean?
• How do stain occur?
• Why do stain occur?
• How main type of stain are caused by deodorant?
Deodorant
• What is deodorant?
• How does deodorant work?
• How often do people use deodorant?
• What type of deodorant do people use?
• What are the common ingredients use in deodorant?
• Why do people use deodorant?
• Who are the consumers of deodorant?
Universitas Indonesia
3
• Range of age user of deodorant?

• What is the advantage in using deodorant?
• What is the side effect of using deodorant?
The next step on problem decomposition is identifying the problem that will
happen and then it will be developed further.
1.3 Existing Concept
After identifying sub-problems derived from the main problem, the next
step is analysing the existing product’s concepts through by benchmarking their
product specification. In this section, the authors create a mind map to explain
concepts of existing product that have available on the market as shown at below
picture.
Figure 1.1 Mind Map for Exixting Concepts of Anti-Stain Deodorant
1.4 New Ideas Concept

After having a long brainstorming phase, new ideas have been developed
into product concepts. The author has explored numerous new concepts that is
applicable for the product to be the most effective anti-stain deodorant. To help a
4
more structured ideas generation, the author has specified 3 clusters of which
products can be developed, which is material, mechanism and form of the product.
From here ideas revolved and later be considered further.
1.4.1 Ingredient
The mixture of ingredient are the key of product. The author are composed
anti-stain deodorant into 4 main ingredient.
1.4.1.1 Anti – perspirant

Antiperspirant are the base of deodorant and active ingredient that have
function to prevent sweat. Staining is also caused by the existing aluminum salt
base of deodorant. The authors has explored various possible antiperspirant that not
leaved staining on fabric, effective enough to prevent sweat and safe to use daily.
After discussions, the author has agreed that there is one main Ingredient that
possible to replace the existing anti-perspirant.
• Beta-cyclodextrin
The deodorant compositions of the present invention comprise cyclodextrin
malodor controlling agents. the cyclodextrin can be used individually or as a
mixture of cyclodextrins, provided that the cyclodextrin is capable of preventing or
eliminating malodors associated with prespiration. the cyclodextrins for use in the
deodorant compositions of the present invention include those cyclic
polyasccharide compounds containing from 6 to 12 glucose units. the specific
coupling and conformation of the glucose units enable the cyclodextrin to form a
rigid, conical molecular structure that has a hollow interior or cavity (Hashimoto .H,
1996)
1.4.1.2 Anti – Microbes

Anti-Microbes are active ingredient that prevent sweat smells. It works by
reducing the number of microbes at the surface of human body thus reducing the
body odour (Landa et al, 2005). The author has researched and found numerous
Anti – microbes ingredient that safe to use and effective to reduce odour caused by
bacteria. The anti-microbes are choose between the organic ingredient that easily
found on Indonesia.
5
• Silver-Exchanged Zeolite (Ag-zeolite)

Ag-zeolite is insoluble inorganic material with high range spectrum of
bacteria provided better protection again the 4 most bacteria residing inhuman skin
than triclosan and benzalkonium chloride (Nakane T et al, 2006). The Ag-zeolite
capable to be made of cream base formula or compact Roll-on based. It suitable for
warm and humid area and have no sticky feeling in the skin.
1.4.1.3 Stain Reducing Agent

The other ingredient that prevent stain on fabric are reducing agent that
could be added. Stain reducing agent are inhibitor for stain to form. The author has
been researcher the number of reducing agent that could be added to anti-stain
deodorant.
• Citric Acid
Citric Acid has been found to have ability reducing stain by inhibit
polymerization of stain caused by sebum and aluminum based anti-perspirant with
laundry detergent. Antiperspirant with citric acid formulation may prevent
precipitate formation on fabric, provide aesthetic and efficacy (Hyung J, 2015).
• Bengkoang Extract
Bengkoang Extract are containing melanin that capture radical, protecting
skin form UV light contact. Melanin participate in oxidation-reduction process in
the human body by activation of tyrosinase in human skin and reduce the
hyperpigmentation and bio damage on human skin (Lukitaningsih .E and
Holzgrabe .U , 2014). By reducing oxidation on human skin, bengkoang extract has
been considered as stain reducing agent on skin and garment prevent sebum to
formed.
1.4.1.4 Perfume and Fragrance
Perfume are additional ingredient of product. The option of added perfume
are judged by the trend, non-irritant properties and preferable consumer. There is 2
choice of new fragrance that author choose.
• Methyl Heptane Carbonate
Methyl Heptane Carbonate have fragrance like after rain grass, its also
describes scent like sweat vegetable. It often use for tea flavor and fresh aroma.
6
This fragrance are rare to be used on mild deodorant for sensitive skin. it also
categorized as non-allergen type of fragrance (Klaschka.U, 2012).
1.4.1.5 Moisturizer
Moisturizer are the additional ingredient to form deodorant. Moisturizer
keep skin from drying after the use of anti-perspirant, reducing irritation because
the friction of the skin and hold skin cell together.
• Beeswax
Beeswax has been popular ingredient in the use of cosmetic moisturizer.
Beeswax is mainly composed of mixture of hydrocarbon. This substance contain
natural ingredient, which help retain moisture in the skin and have small amount of
anti-bacterial that help prevent a painful inflammation that comes in infection
(Kasparaviciene et al, 2016).
• Dimethicone
Dimethicone are ingredient that re-stored the impaired skin on human. It has
been known to form layer on the human skin, which protect skin form dermatitis.
Dimethicone are safe to use as human medicine and petrolatum at cosmetic which
act as protection layer and moisturizer for the skin (Pellicoro.C. et al, 2013)
1.4.2 Mechanism
The mechanism provided the effective formulation for ingredient to
penetrate to skin pore as well determine the drying times needed for deodorant.
• Micro-encapsulation
Micro-encapsulation are technique to keep stabilize active ingredient on
cosmetic. In topical use micro-encapsulation improved sensory abilities and time
performance of product. Micro encapsulation use shell that have diameter of one to
two micron and give large surface area for absorption (Casanova.F et al, 2015). It
help for active ingredient to penetrate fast on layer of skin ensuring for fast drying
and prevent stain caused by antiperspirant.
1.4.2.1 Form of Product

The form of product determine packaging and the shape product. There is
possible form and shape of anti-stain deodorant that could be innovative and can be
7
one of main power of product. Form also determine how the consumer use the
product. The author has 4 futuristic form of product that prioritize travel size and
ergonomic value of anti-stain deodorant.
• Squeeze Tube
Squeeze tube have form like tooth-paste, it have soft area that can be press
to dispense the product. It have sealed cap with opening like ribbon so that the
product could ejected easily. The tube are considered travel size because the form
are easy to carry and fit in the palm of the hand. The form are considered appealing
in the eyes and the use cover area better than other form.
• One Time use Paper
Deodorant in paper have an advantages one time use product. It can be
disposed easily as not create waste on the bag. However it consider to be not
environmental friendly as the paper could be accumulated as the waste.
Figure 1.2 Concept Tree for New Concepts of unisex anti-stain deodorant
1.5 Combination of New and Existing Concept

On concept generation, the existing concept on the market is merged with a
new concept. The idea behind combinatorial concept is to identify possible
principles concept, form, properties and to test all possible combinations. Combine
8
concept has a purpose to generate combination of concepts that will form the entire
concept of the own product. Later, this combination of concept will be brought to
concept selection stage in the next chapter and will be carefully screened and scored
until one concept is finally selected. The merging of the concept is done by concept
tree as shown in figure below. The new concepts are colored green while the
existing concepts are colored orange.
9
Figure 1.3 Combined Product Concept of Unisex Anti-stain Deodorant
10
1.6 Concept Elimination

The existing and new concepts are combined to provide alternative ideas for
a better anti-stain deodorant. The first thing to do is to eliminate the concepts that
are improbable to develop based on the scientific background and other factors, so
the number of ideas become smaller. The concepts are sorted into three groups,
Redundant (R), Foolish (F) or Vague (V).
11
Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination

Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Number Anti Anti- Anti- Stain Reducing Mechanism Form
Moisturizer Fragrance
Microba perspirant inflammation Agent
Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier One Time
1 Bees wax Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Thiosulfate
Chloride Heptane System Use Paper
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier One Time
2 Bees wax Niacinamide Citric Acid
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier One Time Bees wax is too
3 Bees wax Niacinamide
Chloride Heptane Extract System Use Paper expensive as a
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Emulsifier One Time moisturizer. Bees wax
4 Bees wax Niacinamide Thiosulfate V
cyclodextrin Heptane System Use Paper cannot be used if the
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Emulsifier One Time product is in a form of
cyclodextrin Heptane System Use Paper one time paper use
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier One Time
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract System Use Paper
7 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate
12
Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
8 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier One Time Bees wax is too
9 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide
Chloride Heptane Extract System Use Paper expensive as a
Beta- Methyl Emulsifier One Time moisturizer. Bees wax
10 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate V
cyclodextrin Heptane System Use Paper cannot be used if the
Beta- Methyl Emulsifier One Time product is in a form of
cyclodextrin Heptane System Use Paper one time paper use
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier One Time
Ag-zeolite Aluminum One Time use paper
Methyl Emulsifier One Time
13 Dimethicone Chloride Niacinamide Thiosulfate deodorant product will
Heptane System Use Paper
F make many waste
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier One Time which may harm the
14 Dimethicone Niacinamide Citric Acid
Chloride Heptane System Use Paper environment.
13

Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier One Time
15 Dimethicone Niacinamide
Chloride Heptane Extract System Use Paper
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Emulsifier One Time
16 Dimethicone Niacinamide Thiosulfate
cyclodextrin Heptane System Use Paper
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Emulsifier One Time
17 Dimethicone Niacinamide Citric Acid One Time use paper
deodorant product will
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier One Time
18 Dimethicone Niacinamide F make many waste
which may harm the
19 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate environment
20 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier One Time
21 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide
Chloride Heptane Extract System Use Paper
14

Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Beta- Methyl Emulsifier One Time
22 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate One Time use paper
Beta- Methyl Emulsifier One Time
23 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid F make many waste
which may harm the
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier One Time
24 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide environment.
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier
25 Bees wax Niacinamide Thiosulfate Powder
Chloride Heptane System Bees wax is too
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier expensive as a
26 Bees wax Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder
Chloride Heptane System moisturizer. Bees wax
V
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier cannot be used if the
27 Bees wax Niacinamide Powder
Chloride Heptane Extract System product is in a form of
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Emulsifier Roll-on
cyclodextrin Heptane System
15

Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Emulsifier
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract System
Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier
31 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Powder
Chloride Heptane System Bees wax is too
Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier expensive as a
32 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder
Chloride Heptane System moisturizer. Bees wax
V
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier cannot be used if the
33 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Powder
Chloride Heptane Extract System product is in a form of
Beta- Methyl Emulsifier Roll-on
Beta- Methyl Emulsifier
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier
36 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Roll-on
16

Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Ag - Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier
37 Dimethicone Niacinamide Thiosulfate Powder
zeolite Chloride Heptane System
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Citric Acid causes
Methyl Emulsifier
38 Dimethicone Chloride Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder F burning effect when it
Heptane System
is applied on the skin.
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier
39 Dimethicone Niacinamide Powder
Chloride Heptane Extract System
Ag-zeolite Citric Acid causes
41 Dimethicone Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder F burning effect when it
43 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Powder
Chloride Heptane System
17
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Aluminum Citric Acid causes
Methyl Emulsifier
44 Dimethicone Paraben Chloride Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder F burning effect when it
Heptane System
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier
45 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Powder
Citric Acid causes
47 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder F burning effect when it
49 Bees wax Niacinamide Thiosulfate Spray Bees wax is too
R expensive as a
50 Bees wax Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray moisturizer.
18
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
51 Bees wax Niacinamide Spray
52 Bees wax Niacinamide Thiosulfate Spray
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Emulsifier Bees wax is too
53 Bees wax Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray
cyclodextrin Heptane System expensive as a
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier moisturizer. Bees wax
54 Bees wax Niacinamide Spray R
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract System cannot be used if the
Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier product is in a form of
55 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Spray
Chloride Heptane System spray
56 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray
57 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Spray
19
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
58 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Spray Bees wax is too
expensive as a
59 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray R moisturizer and cannot
be used if the product is
60 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Spray in a form of spray
61 Dimethicone Niacinamide Thiosulfate Spray
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Citric Acid causes
Methyl Emulsifier
62 Dimethicone Chloride Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray F burning effect when it
Heptane System
63 Dimethicone Niacinamide Spray
20
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Ag-zeolite Citric Acid causes
65 Dimethicone Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray F burning effect when it
67 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Spray
Aluminum Citric Acid causes
Methyl Emulsifier
68 Dimethicone Paraben Chloride Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray F burning effect when it
Heptane System
69 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Spray
71 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray
21
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Microba perspirant inflamation Agent
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier Squeeze
73 Bees wax Niacinamide Thiosulfate
Chloride Heptane System Tube
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier Squeeze
74 Bees wax Niacinamide Citric Acid Bees wax is too
expensive as a
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier Squeeze
75 Bees wax Niacinamide moisturizer. Therefore,
Chloride Heptane Extract System Tube
R when the product is in
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Emulsifier Squeeze
76 Bees wax Niacinamide Thiosulfate form of tube more
cyclodextrin Heptane System Tube
beeewax volume will
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Emulsifier Squeeze
77 Bees wax Niacinamide Citric Acid be needed.
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier Squeeze
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract System Tube
22
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier Squeeze
80 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Bees wax is too
expensive as a
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier Squeeze
81 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide moisturizer. Therefore,
R when the product is in
Beta- Methyl Emulsifier Squeeze
82 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate form of tube more
beeewax volume will
83 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid be needed.
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier Squeeze
85 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Thiosulfate
23
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Citric Acid causes
86 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Citric Acid F burning effect when it
87 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide
Citric Acid causes
89 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Citric Acid F burning effect when it
91 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate
Citric Acid causes
92 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid F burning effect when it
24
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Citric Acid causes
95 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid F burning effect when it
Aluminum Methyl Micro- One Time Bees wax is too
97 Bees wax Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Thiosulfate
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Use Paper expensive as a
Aluminum Methyl Micro- One Time moisturizer. Bees wax
98 Bees wax Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Citric Acid V
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Use Paper cannot be used if the
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro- One Time product is in a form of
99 Bees wax Ag-zeolite Niacinamide
Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation Use Paper one time paper use.
25
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Beta- Methyl Micro- One Time
100 Bees wax Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Thiosulfate Bees wax is too
cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation Use Paper
expensive as a
101 Bees wax Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Citric Acid moisturizer. Bees wax
cannot be used if the
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro- One Time
102 Bees wax Ag-zeolite Niacinamide product is in a form of
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract Encapsulation Use Paper
V one time paper use.
Aluminum Methyl Micro- One Time
103 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate One Time use paper
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Use Paper
104 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid make many waste
which may harm the
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro- One Time
105 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide environment.
Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation Use Paper
26
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
107 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Bees wax is too
expensive as a
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro- One Time V
108 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide moisturizer.
110 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Citric Acid One Time use paper
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Use Paper F
111 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide make many waste
which may harm the
112 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Thiosulfate environment.
113 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Citric Acid
27
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Aluminum Methyl Micro- One Time F
116 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid One Time use paper
117 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide make many waste
which may harm the
118 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate environment.
28
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Micro-
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Micro-
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Bees wax is too
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro- expensive as a
Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation moisturizer. Bees wax
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Micro- V cannot be used if the
cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation product is in a form of
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Micro- Roll-on
cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro-
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract Encapsulation
Aluminum Methyl Micro-
29
Concept
Ingredients
Ideas
Stain Adv Reason
Number Anti - Anti- Anti- Mechanism Form
Moisturizer Fragrance Reducing
Microba perspirant inflammation
Agent
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro- Bees wax is too
Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation expensive as a
Beta- Methyl Micro- moisturizer. Bees wax
cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation V cannot be used if the
Beta- Methyl Micro- product is in a form of
cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation Roll-on
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro-
Aluminum Methyl Micro- Micro-Encapsulation
133 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Thiosulfate Powder
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation system is too
R
Aluminum Methyl Micro- complicated for the
134 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation ingredients
30
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Ag-zeolite Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro-
Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Micro-
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Micro-
137 Dimethicone Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder
cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation Micro-Encapsulation
Ag-zeolite Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro- system is too
138 Dimethicone Niacinamide Powder R
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract Encapsulation complicated for the
Aluminum Methyl Micro- ingredients.
140 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro-
31
Concept
Ideas Ingredients Adv Reason

Number Mechanism Form
Anti Anti- Anti- Stain Reducing
Beta- Methyl Micro-
Beta- Methyl Micro-
143 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Powder
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract Encapsulation Micro-Encapsulation
Ag - Aluminum Methyl Micro- R system is too
zeolite Chloride Heptane Encapsulation complicated for the
Ag - Aluminum Methyl Micro- ingredients.
zeolite Chloride Heptane Encapsulation
Ag - Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro-
zeolite Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation
Ag - Beta- Methyl Micro-
zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation
32
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Number Anti Anti- Stain Reducing Mechanism Form
Moisturizer Anti-perspirant Fragrance
Microba inflammation Agent
Ag - Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro-

zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane Extract Encapsulation

Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Micro-Encapsulation
Aluminum Methyl Micro- system is too
152 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray R
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation complicated for the
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro- ingredients.
Beta- Methyl Micro-

Beta- Methyl Micro-

155 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray
33
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Ag - Aluminum Methyl Micro-
zeolite Chloride Heptane Encapsulation
Ag - Aluminum Methyl Micro-
158 Dimethicone Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray
zeolite Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Micro-Encapsulation
Ag - Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro- system is too
159 Dimethicone Niacinamide Spray R
zeolite Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation complicated for the
Ag - Beta- Methyl Micro- ingredients.
161 Dimethicone Niacinamide Citric Acid Spray
Ag - Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro-
34
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Adv Reason
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Micro-
Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation Micro-Encapsulation
Beta- Methyl Micro- system is too
166 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Spray R
cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation complicated for the
Beta- Methyl Micro- ingredients.
Ag - Aluminum Methyl Micro- Squeeze
zeolite Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Tube
35
Concept
Ingredients
Ideas
Mechanism Form Adv Reason
Number Anti- Anti- Anti- Stain Reducing
Microbe perspirant inflammation Agent
Ag- Aluminium Methyl Micro- Squeeze
Ag- Aluminium Methyl Bengkoang Micro- Squeeze
zeolite Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation Tube
Ag- Beta- Methyl Micro- Squeeze
zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation Tube
Micro-Encapsulation
173 Bees wax Niacinamide Citric Acid system is too
R complicated for the
Ag- Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro- Squeeze
174 Bees wax Niacinamide ingredients.
zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane Extract Encapsulation Tube
Aluminium Methyl Micro- Squeeze
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Tube
Aluminium Methyl Micro- Squeeze
Chloride Heptane Encapsulation Tube
Aluminium Methyl Bengkoang Micro- Squeeze
Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation Tube
36
Concept
Ingredients
Ideas
Mechanism Form Adv Reason
Number Anti- Anti- Anti- Stain Reducing
Microbe Perspirant inflammation Agent
Beta- Methyl Micro- Squeeze
cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation Tube
Beta- Methyl Micro- Squeeze
cyclodextrin Heptane Encapsulation Tube
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro- Squeeze
180 Bees wax Paraben Niacinamide Micro-Encapsulation
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract Encapsulation Tube
system is too
181 Dimethicone Niacinamide Thiosulfate R complicated for the
ingredients.
Ag- Aluminium Methyl Bengkoang Micro- Squeeze
zeolite Chloride Heptane Extract Encapsulation Tube
184 Dimethicone Niacinamide Thiosulfate
37
Concept
Ingredients
Ideas Stain
Anti- Anti- Adv Reason
Number Moisturizer Fragrance Reducing Mechanism Form
Microbe inflammation
Agent
Ag- Beta- Methyl Micro-
Ag- Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro-
Aluminium Methyl Micro-
Micro-Encapsulation
Aluminium Methyl Micro-
188 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Citric Acid system is too
R complicated for the
Aluminium Methyl Bengkoang Micro-
189 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide ingredients.
Beta- Methyl Micro-
Beta- Methyl Micro-
38
After cutting down some of the idea that is either redundant, foolish, of vague, there are 20 new concepts that have been generated,
as shown in table below.
Tabel 1.2. Concept Generated
Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Number Mechanism Form
Anti Anti- Stain Reducing
Ag- Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier
37 Dimethicone Niacinamide Thiosulfate Roll-on
Ag- Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier
39 Dimethicone Niacinamide Roll-on
zeolite Chloride Heptane Extract System
Ag- Beta- Methyl Emulsifier
40 Dimethicone Niacinamide Thiosulfate Roll-on
zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane System
Ag- Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier
42 Dimethicone Niacinamide Roll-on
zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane Extract System
43 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Roll-on
45 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Roll-on
39
Tabel 1.2. Concept Generated (Continued)

Concept
Ideas Ingredients
46 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Roll-on
48 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Roll-on
Ag- Aluminum Methyl Emulsifier
Ag- Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier
zeolite Chloride Heptane Extract System
Ag- Beta- Methyl Emulsifier
zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane System
Ag- Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Emulsifier
zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane Extract System
40
Tabel 1.2. Concept Generated (Continued)

Concept
Ideas Ingredients
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang
72 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Emulsifier System Spray
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract
Ag- Aluminum Methyl
85 Dimethicone Niacinamide Thiosulfate Emulsifier System Squeeze Tube
zeolite Chloride Heptane
Ag- Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang
87 Dimethicone Niacinamide Emulsifier System Squeeze Tube
zeolite Chloride Heptane Extract
Ag- Beta- Methyl
88 Dimethicone Niacinamide Thiosulfate Emulsifier System Squeeze Tube
zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane
Ag- Beta- Methyl Bengkoang
90 Dimethicone Niacinamide Emulsifier System Squeeze Tube
zeolite cyclodextrin Heptane Extract
Aluminum Methyl
91 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Emulsifier System Squeeze Tube
Chloride Heptane
Aluminum Methyl Bengkoang
93 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Emulsifier System Squeeze Tube
Chloride Heptane Extract
Beta- Methyl
94 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Thiosulfate Emulsifier System Squeeze Tube
cyclodextrin Heptane
Beta- Methyl Bengkoang
96 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide Emulsifier System Squeeze Tube
cyclodextrin Heptane Extract
41
CHAPTER II
CONCEPT SELECTION
2.1 Concept Screening

In the previous chapter, concept of existing products and new concept has
been carefully reviewed and have been combined to get the most suitable idea for
the new product. The combined ideas are then carefully developed to create a more
specific and detailed concept. This has generated numerous interesting concepts to
be applied for the product. Every idea is very creative and significant for the
product, but some ideas may not be very applicable or even suitable. That leads to
the next step, which is screening concepts. This is very important to evaluate and
eliminate the most unlikely ideas, leading to having the best concept in making the
product.
In screening the concepts, there have been four (4) major criteria to help
guiding the selection process. These include:
A. Effectiveness
Besides being able to reduce sweat and body odor, this product
should also be able to prevent stains on clothes. It should also be able to dry
out in a short time after application and requires long-lasting performance.
B. Convenience
The product should be easy for consumers to apply. It is also
designed to have a compact packaging and the consumer does not need a lot
of space to carry it.
C. Skin – Friendly
The product should be safe to use and provides minimum risk for
the consumer’s health. The product should give no side effect and is
harmless to the consumers.
D. Production Cost
The product should be safe to use and provides minimum risk for the
consumer’s health. The product should give no side effect and is harmless
to the consumers.
42
2.1.1 Concept Selection Matrix

Matrix of concept idea is depicted in a table consisting of columns that
contains concept ideas and the criteria of selection. The concept will be compared
to reference concept that is used in existing product. The selection criteria that has
been formulated from the consumer’s need is then scored. Reference concept is a
group of familiar ideas found in the existing products. The selected criteria are:
Table 2.1. Selection Criteria

No. Selection Criteria
1. Anti-Stain
2. Long Lasting
3, Skin Friendly
4. Compact Size
5. Cost per Unit Product
6. Quick Dry
2.1.2 Determining Rate of Concepts

Next step is to compare all the concepts all the concepts based on the
selected criteria. This case, the reference concept will be concept number 39. This
concept number is selected as reference because almost all its specifications can be
identified well and has been widely used as anti-stain product. The rating will be
using some symbols which are:
+ : Showing the ideas that are better than the reference concept
– : Showing the ideas that are worse than the reference concept
0 : Showing the ideas that are the same as the reference concep
43
Tabel 2.2 Rate of Concept

Concept Number
Criteria
39 37 40 42 43 45 46 48 61 63 64 66 67 69 70 72 85 87 88 90 91 93 94 96
Anti - Stain 0 - - + - 0 - + - 0 - + - 0 - + - 0 - + - 0 - +
Long Lasting 0 - - + - 0 - + - 0 - 0 - 0 - + - 0 - + - 0 - +
Skin Friendly 0 0 + + - - - - 0 0 + + - - - - - - + + - - - 0
Compact Size 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + +
Cost per Unit
0 + - - + 0 - - + 0 - - + 0 - - + 0 - 0 + 0 - -
Product
Quick Dry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - -
Total 0 5 3 2 2 2 5 2 2 1 4 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 1
Total + 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 1 1 3
Total - 0 2 3 1 3 1 4 2 3 1 4 2 4 2 5 3 4 2 4 2 4 2 5 2
Total Score 0 -1 -2 2 -2 -1 -4 0 -1 0 -2 1 -2 -1 -4 -2 -2 -1 -2 2 -2 -1 -4 1
Decision Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No No Yes
44
2.1.3 Ranking of the Concept

Ranking the concept by summing all the criteria ratings for each concept. After counting, the idea then sorted and ranked
according to the net scored achieved. The concept with the highest number ranked first.
Tabel 2.3 Concept Ranking

Concept
Ingredients
Concept Net
Rank Stain
Number Anti Anti- Anti- Mechanism Form Score
Moisturizer Fragrance Reducing
Microba perspirant inflammation
Agent
1 90 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide 3
2 42 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Roll-on 2
66 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Spray 1
3
96 Dimethicone Paraben Niacinamide 1
4 39 Dimethicone Ag-zeolite Niacinamide Roll-on 0
45
2.2 Concept Scoring

After screening all of the selected concepts, the author has used the value of
engineering to determine the most suitable weight of each criteria. This is done by
comparing each criterion one and another, then, each criteria’s weight is
determined.
2.2.1 Scoring the Weight of Criteria

A survey is made, and literature review is done to determine each criteria’s
weight. The author has compared each criteria’s importance, and after deep review
and consideration, the value of each criteria’s score is:
Anti – Stain 20%
Long Lasting 20%
Skin Friendly 20%
Compact Size 10%
Cost per Unit Product 10%
Quick Dry 20%
2.2.2 Choosing the Best Concept

After we get the score for each concept for each criterion, we can get the
final score for each concept, with the calculation:
46
Tabel 2.4 Criteria Parameters

Criteria
Rating Cost per Unit
Anti-Stain Long Lasting Skin-Friendly Convenient Quick Dry
Product
5 no stain occurred Lasting for 48 H No side effect < 50 ml Rp.2.000,00 or less instant drying
Low amount of Rp.3.000,00-

4 Lasting for 24 H Slight side effect 50 – 75 ml take up to 10 seconds to dry
stain occurred Rp.4.000,00
Medium amount of Allergic Symptoms Rp.4000,00-
3 Lasting for 12 H 75 – 100 ml take 10-30 seconds to dry
stain occurred Occur Rp.5000,00
High amount of Severe Allergies Rp.5000,00-
2 Lasting for 8 H 100 – 150 ml take 30-60 seconds to dry
stain occurred Symptoms Rp.6000,00
Extereme amount Lasting for few take more than 60 seconds to
1 Death >150 ml Rp.7000,00 or more
of stain occurred hour dry
47
Tabel 2.5 Best Concept Scroing

Concept Number
90 42 66 96 39
No. Criteria Weight
Weighted Weighted Weighted Weighted Weighted
Rating Rating Rating Rating Rating
Score Score Score Score Score
1 Anti - Stain 0.2 4 0.8 3 0.6 4 0.8 3 0.6 2 0.4
2 Long Lasting 0.2 4 0.8 4 0.8 4 0.8 4 0.8 2 0.4
3 Skin Friendly 0.2 4 0.8 4 0.8 4 0.8 3 0.6 3 0.6
4 Compact Size 0.1 4 0.4 3 0.3 2 0.2 4 0.4 2 0.2
5 Less Cost 0.1 3 0.3 3 0.3 1 0.1 3 0.3 3 0.3
6 Quick Dry 0.2 3 0.6 3 0.6 3 0.6 3 0.6 2 0.4
TOTAL 1 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.3 2.3
48
From the calculation shown above, it can be concluded that the best concept
is number 90, which is a squeeze tube deodorant that use emulsifier system
containing an active ingredient of dimethicone, Ag - zeolite, beta-
cyclodextrin,methyl heptane carbonate, niacinamide and bengkoang extract.
Concept number 90 had a total score 3,7, which is the highest among all the other
4 concepts.
2.3 Concept Testing
After the authors rank and select the best concept, the authors conducted a
concept testing as the last part of concept selection. The authors came to the
consumer with proposed concept and tested the acceptability of the own product.
2.3.1 Purpose of Concept Tesrting
The purpose of concept testing is to see whether the concepts the authors
proposed fulfilled the consumer’s needs and to see their interest on the own product.
To answer that questions, asked respondents, which are market target, with list of
questions about acceptance of concept through questionnaires. Firstly, the authors
explained the concept that have been proposed, starting from the description, work
principle until the advantage and disadvantage of the own product.
2.3.2 Population of the Survey
The population of the survey came from the market target, which are young
adult that uses deodorant. In addition, the authors also offered them the explanation
of the own product concepts. Then, the authors let them choose one of four concepts
which is the best concept in their opinion.
2.3.3 Form of the Survey
The form of the survey were online and offline questionnaires distributed to
25 respondents. The authors asked the respondents about their opinion and interest
to five concepts which have been made. The authors also urged them to choose
which concepts they thought the best as a concept for anti-stain deodorant product.
2.3.4 Statistic Resulted from Survey
Here are some charts that described the distribution of respondents’ status,
respondents’ usage frequency, and the concept they choose as the best concept for
anti-stain unisex deodorant
49
Gender
33%
67%
Man Woman
Figure 2.1 Respondent Gender
Age
3%
20%
20%
57%
Age 12-17 Age 18-24 Age 24-34 Age 35 and more
Figure 2.2 Respondent Ages Group
50
Deodorant User
3%
97%
YES NO
Figure 2.3 Identify Deodorant User
Prefer Product
4%
17%
10%
55%
14%
90 42 66 96 39
Figure 2.4 Product Preferred
In Figure 2.3. is considered aspects in the respondents which are their

frequent time when deodorant user. Based on the result, 56 from 60 respondents are
deodorant user. Figure 2.4. shows that 32 from 60 respondents choose concept 90
as the best concept for anti-stain unisex deodorant. This result is the same with the
best concept that the author has been choose from concept scoring based on
engineering value method.
51
CHAPTER III
NEEDS
3.1 Final Concept and Specification

After going through several procedures of concepts selection, bengkoang in
form of paste was chosen as the effective anti-stain agent and good for underarm
skin. Bengkoang contains polyphenolates, most polyphenols are antioxidants so
they can neutralize free radicals that damage the cells and tissues of the body.
Bengkoang has prebiotics originating from oligosaccharides with the ability to
reduce cholesterol levels and can enhance the body's immune ability. Bengkoang
contained a relatively high of phytosterols consisted of two major compounds,
namely β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Therefore, bengkoang can be further
exploited not only cosmetics material, but also as nutritional supplement especially
for cholesterol replacement.
Phystoterol is not only used ads ingredients such as anti-inflammatory drugs
(Parra-Delgado et al.2004); Dicksonetal. 2007), hormones and vitamins (Dewick,
2002), but also as a nutritional supplement (anti-cholestrol additives) and cosmetics
(as a cream and lipsticks) (Berezin et al., 2001). Phytosterols are also able to reduce
cholesterol absorption, so the prevalenve of cardiovascular disease and cancer can
be reduced by dietary phystoterol. Sitosterol was reported to inhibit the growth of
colon cancer cells HT-29 (Awad, et al., 1996) and LNCaP prostate cancer cells
(Holtz, et al., 1998).
Anti-stain agent compounds are in a close relationship with melanin, the
major pigment for colour of skin, hair and eye (Briganti et al., 2003). The
production of melanin depends on UV light or sun exposure. It is a natural
protective mechanism of the skin against too much UV light penetrating the human
skin. Too much UV irradiation causes sunburn, disrupts the synthesis of precursors
necessary for DNA synthesis and increases the amount of free radicals. Melanin
captures free radicals and participates in other oxidation-reduction pro-cesses in the
human body (Bleehen et al., 1995).
UV radiation can also induce the formation of various radicals (Matsuura et
al., 2006), primarily reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin such as singlet
52
oxygen and superoxide anion, promoting biological damage in exposed tissues via
iron-catalyzed oxidative reactions. These radicals play important roles in the
activation of tyrosinase in human skin and therefore enhance melanin biosynthesis
via induction of the proliferation of the melanocytes. The radicals also cause the
damage of DNA. Furthermore, ROS scavengers or inhibitors, such as antioxidant,
may reduce hyperpigmentation and can also be used as whitening materials (Wang
et al., 2006).
The most important and effective method to reduce odour is to suppress the
growth of resident bacteria with antimicrobials, which have several drawbacks,
especially in their safety aspect. To solve these problems, we focused on Ag-zeolite
(silverexchanged zeolite) that hold stable Ag, an inorganicbactericidal agent, in its
structure, and therefore, poses less risk in safety. Its bactericidal effect on skin-
resident bacteria was found to be excellent and comparable with that of triclosan, a
most frequently used organic antimicrobial in this product category. The dose–
response study of Ag-zeolite powder spray (0–40 w/w%) using 39 volunteers
revealed that 5–40 w/w% Ag-zeolite could show a sufficient antimicrobial effect
against skin-resident bacteria.
These studies show that Ag-zeolite has a superior antimicrobial ability that
is rarely found in conventional antimicrobials used in deodorant products and a
strong antiaxillary odour deodorant ability because of its long-lasting effect. During
clinical study, patch tests with humans and other clinical studies of this product
showed no adverse events related to the treatment with the Ag-zeolite product.
Another attempt at controlling malodors resulting from perspiration include
the use of cyclodextrin odor controlling agents. The use of cyclodextrins to absorb
odors including body odors Such as perspiration malodors, is well known.
Deodorant compositions which contain cyclodextrin perspiration malodor
controlling agents are also typically formulated as aqueous lotions, aqueous roll-
ons, and aqueous Soft deodorant gels. The aqueous soft deodorant gels are also
referred to as deodorant creams. A typical example of such as cream deodorant
formulation includes an alcohol containing cream which comprise the cyclodextrin,
an inorganic or polymeric gellant or thickening agent, and a polar agent. These
cyclodextrin-containing deodorant creams tend to be mild to the skin and can be
53
effective at preventing or eliminating perspiration malodors. Many consumers,

however, Still prefer the convenience of using a Solid deodorant Stick that is mild
to the Skin, and that is extremely effective at controlling perspiration malodors.
A solution composed by dimethicone (active ingredient) and
cyclomethicone (vehicle) was made. Cyclomethicone is a clear, odorless, cosmetic
solvent that is frequently used as vehicle or carrier of oil-soluble moisturizing
products. It evaporates quickly and allows the active ingredient to start taking
effect. Based on human studies topical moisturizer applications are best used as
adjunctive therapy. In people with AD, it has been shown that routine use of a
topical emollient can delay the need for topical glucocorticoid therapy (A. W.
Lucky, A. D. Leach, P. Laskarzewski, and H. Wenck, 1997). Evidence suggests that
the barrier creams are successful not only for the prevention of contact and irritant
dermatitis (H. Zhai, F. Brachman, A. Pelosi et al.,2000; R. Marsella, D. Genovese,
L. Gilmer et al., 2012) but also in delaying the relapse of AD (K. Wir´en, C.
Nohlg˚ard, F. Nyberg et al., 2009).
3.2 Product Specification

The final specifications of the product are adopted from the previous
assignment with adding new specification parameter. The cause of adding is
because the metric is more relevant to the form of product described above. These
final specifications will later be guidance for making the product itself. Table 3.1
lists the final specifications for the product.
54
Table 3.1 Final Specifications of the Product

Metric Metric Own
List of Needs Specification
No. Unit Value
Product Performance
Eliminate body odor Concentration of Beta-
1 % 5
and reduce sweat cyclodextrin
Long lasting drying
4 Time Hours 48
performance
Concentration of Extract
8 Whitening effect % 0
Bengkuang
Take short amount time
13 Drying times Second 10
to dry
Concentration of Solvent %
Size of Particle μm 40
18 Have right cohesivenes
Film thickness μm 1.8
Viscocity CentiPoise 15
Product Perception
Concentration of Beta-
% 5
cyclodextrin
Concentration of Ag-zeolit % 10
3 Pleasant odor
Concentration of Methyl
% 0.8
Heptane Carbonate
Odor index score 5
Usage
8 Simple usage Steps of usage Number 3
Presence of safety seal on
17 Perfectly sealed
product Yes/no Yes
Price
6 Affordable price Price IDR 20.000,00
Regulation
Concentration of Niacinamide
4
Concentration of metallic
Safe and skin friendly ingredient
12 %
to use 0
Concentration of irritan
ingredient 0
3.3 Product Positioning

Conceptual mapping is a chart that describe the position of the own concept
based on the criteria that the authors used in screening and scoring process with
55
other anti-stain product. With this method, the authors compare new product design
to another existing product by defining its position on the map. The authors use the
benchmark product on the first assignment as the existing product to compare.
Those products are; Rexona, Nivea, Dove, Adidas, and Nu Ski Scion. The
comparison of the own product concept and the existing product is presented in a
table 3.2 and in the conceptual mapping below.
Product Positioning
Rexona Nivea Dove
Addidas Nu Ski Scion Own Product
Anti - Stain
5
4
Quick Dry 3 Long Lasting
2
1
0
Cost Production Skin Friendly
Compact Size
Figure 3.1. Conceptual Map
Table 3.2 Comparison between Existing and Own Product Based on the Criteria
Criteria Rexona Nivea Dove Adidas Nu Ski Scion Own Product
Anti - Stain 2 3 2 3 3 4
Long Lasting 4 4 4 2 3 4
Skin Friendly 2 2 4 2 4 5
Compact Size 3 3 3 3 3 4
Cost Production 4 4 4 4 3 3
Quick Dry 3 3 4 4 2 4
The rating is given from one to five, while five shows the best performance
and down sequentially to number one based on the parameters criteria that have
been created in concept scoring. The descriptions for each criterion are:
56
A. Anti-Stain
One of the main functions of the own product is to counteract yellow
stains and white mark that is often caused by deodorant. Dove is given 2 -
rating because this product often causes white and yellow stain due to the
presence of its antiperspirant and moisturizer ingredients. The authors give
both Rexona and Addidas a 3-rating because both products contain metal
antiperspirant salt which sometimes causes stain. Meanwhile, for Nivea, Nu
Ski Scion are given 4-rating because it rarely causes stain. The own product
is given 4-rating because it will be deigned with a non-metal antiperspirant
which will not cause stains on clothes.
B. Long Lasting
Another main function of the own product is to make a long-lasting

performance after it’s usage. Adidas is given 2-rating because its
performance only could last up to 6 hours. The authors give Nu Ski Scion a
3-rating because its performance could only last up to 24-hours. Meanwhile,
Rexona, Nivea and Dove are given 4-rating because its performance could
last up to 48 hours. The own the product is given 4-rating because its
performance will be deigned to las up to 48-hours
C. Skin Friendly
Another main function of the own product is to it usable for all skin
type especially sensitive skin and avoid ingredients that causes lump and
irritation. Rexona, Nivea, Adidas are given 2-rating due to the presence of
metal anti-perspirant and paraben that is often the main caused of irritation.
Meanwhile, Dove and Nu Ski Scion are given 4-rating because its
samoetime caused irritation due to the presence of paraben which may
caused irritation. The own product is given 5-rating because its doesnot
conatin any ingrident which may cause irritation and lumps.
D. Compact Size
The easier used of the product, the more likely customers to buy.
Rexona, Nivea, Dove, Adidas and Nu Ski Scion were given 3-rating because
of its less convenience packaging which often break after several usage. For
57
the own product, it will be designed as a new package that is squeeze tube
with rubber top to avoid the breakage of product after several use.
E. Cost Production
All components and materials which functioned in anti-stain
deodorant must confirm chemically safe and sufficient to the global and
halal standards. Rexona, Nivea, Dove and Adidas uses mainly chemical
ingredients that is easier to be found and bought in a big capacity which
make the cost of production lower. While Nu Ski Scion is given 3-rating
because it uses a combination of organic and chemical ingredients which
makes the production cost more expensive. As for the own product is given
3-rating, the cost of production will be more expensive due to the usage of
skin friendly ingredients.
F. Quick Dry
Another criteria of the own product is the quick dry after being
applied on the skin. Nu Ski Scion is given 2-rating because it takes about 60
second to dry which means it takes longer time to dry. The authors give
Rexona and Nivea a 3-rating because it takes about 30 second to dry.
Meanwhile, Dove and adidas are given 4-rating because its take shorter
amount to dry which is only about 25 second. The own the product is given
4-rating because its will take about 25 second to dry due to the active
ingredients used.
58
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
• To create these new concepts about anti-stain deodorant, the choice of the
method will depend on different factors that corelate with these basic needs.
• A new concept anti-stain deodorant was created for unisex using the micro-
encapsulation system and deodorant innovations in the form of a squeeze
tube and one time use paper.
• For new concepts, using skin-friendly ingredients such as β-cyclodextrin as
antiperspirant, citric acid and bengkoang extract are used for stain reducing
agent, beeswax and dimethicone for moisturizer, Ag-Zeolite for moisturizer
and methyl heptane carbonate for fragrance
• Existing and new concepts are combined to get an alternative to better anti-
stain deodorants. and obtained 192 concepts.
• To determine the best concept concept is eliminated into three groups, namely
Redundant (R), Foolish (F) or Vague (V). The ideas is redundant (R) if the
mechanism, material, or the form is not necessary and only increasing the
product price The ideas is said to be foolish (F) when it’s almost impossible
to manufacture, of hard to find the material. The results of elimination using
the R, F, V methods obtained 20 concepts
• There are 4 main criteria to help guide the selection process, namely
effectiveness, convenience, skin friendly and production cost
• In concept screening, the concept is eliminated using the matrix method with
the symbols "+", "-", and "0" with the concept number 39 as a reference
concept. The results obtained after matrix elimination are the concepts of
numbers 90, 42, 66, 96 and 39
• There have been 6 criteria in concept scoring, namely anti stain, long lasting,
skin friendly and quick dry with each weight is 20% and compact size, cost
per production unit with each weight is 10%.
• The best concept is concept number 90 with a total score of 3.7. This concept
was chosen because it has a safe composition and a simple mechanism and
packaging that is not easily damaged.
59
• Concept number 90 is a squeezer tube deodorant that uses emulsifiers, an

active ingredient containing Dimethicone, Ag-Zeolite, Beta-Cyclodextrin,
Methyl Heptane, Niacinamide and Bengkoang Extract.
• In the concept testing, we have 60 respondents choose concept 90 as the best
concept for anti-stain unisex deodorant. This result is the same with the best
concept that the author has been choose from concept scoring based on
engineering value method.
• The final specifications of the product are adopted from the previous
assignment with adding new specification parameter because the metric is
more relevant to the form of new concept product.
• Comparison of own product concepts and existing products has advantages
in terms of product design that is skin-friendly and practical and durable.
60
REFERENCES
C. Pellicoro, R. Marsella, and K. Ahrens. 2013. Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect
of Topical Dimethicone on Clinical Signs and Skin Barrier Function in Dogs
with Naturally Occurring Atopic Dermatitis. Gainesville. Hindawi
Publishing Corporation Veterinary Medicine International Volume 2013.
Casanova, F and Santos, L. 2015. Encapsulation of Cosmetics Active Ingredients

for Topical Application-a review. Journal of microencapsulation. 1-17.
Dimethicone on Clinical Signs and Skin Barrier Function in Dogs with Naturally
Occurring Atopic Dermatitis. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. 1-7.
Fitrah, S., Lintong, P., Loho, L. 2015. PENGARUH PEMBERIAN UMBI

BENGKUANG (Pachyrrhizus erosus l urban) TERHADAP JUMLAH
PIGMEN MELANIN KULIT MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG
DIPAPARKAN SINAR MATAHARI. Manado. Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm),
Volume 3, Nomor 1.
Guskey, G., Bacon, D., Juneja, S., Motley, B., Rizzi, P. 1999. DEODORANT
COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING CYCLODEXTRIN ODOR
CONTROLLING AGENTS. Ohio. The Procter & Gamble Company,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Hyung, J. 2015. Antiperspirant Composition With a Citric Acid Stain Reducing

Agent. Henken Corporation. 1-15
Iwegbue, M.A. 2015 Evaluation of metals exposure from some popular brands of
underarm cosmetic in Nigeria. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology.
(9): 1-8.
Jungermann, E. 1973. Antiperspirant: New Trends in Formulation and Testing

Technology. Journal of Society Cosmetic Chemistry (25) 621-638.
Kasparaviciene, G et al. 2016. Evaluation of Beeswax Influence on Physical

Properties of Lipstick Using Instrumental and Sensory Methods. Hindawi
Publishing corporation. 1-8.
61
Klaschka, Urshulla. 2012. Contact allergens for armpits-Allergenic fragrances

specified on deodorants. International journal of Hygiene and
Environmental Health: 584-591.
Landa, A.S. and Makin, S.A. 2003. Iron sequestration on skin: a new route to
Improved deodorancy. (23) 127-135.
Lukitaningsih, E., Holzgrabe, U. 2014. BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN

BENGKOANG (Pachyrhizus erosus) AS ANTIOXIDANT AND
TYROSINASE INHIBITING AGENTS. Yogyakarta. Indonesian J. Pharm.
Vol. 25 No. 2: 68 – 75.
Luktianingsih, E. 2012. PHYTOSTEROL CONTENT IN BENGKOANG

(Pachyrhizus erosus). Jogjakarta. PHARMACON, Vol. 13, No. 2.
Mathew, L et al. Natural deodorants and antiperspirants. International journal of

novel trends in pharmaceutical sciences. 2277-2782.
Martin. A et al. 2011. Effective prevention of stress-induced sweating and axillary

malodour formation in teenagers. International Journal of Cosmetic
Science. (33) 90-97
Pellicoro, C. et al. 2013. Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Topical dimethicone
on clinical signs and skin barrier function in dogs with naturally occurring
atopic dermatitis. Hindawi Publishing Corporation (7) 1-17
T. Nakane, H. Gomyo, I. Sasaki, Y. Kimoto, N. Hanzawa, Y. Teshima and T.

Namba. 2006. New antiaxillary odour deodorant made with antimicrobial
Ag-zeolite (silver-exchanged zeolite). Tuzuki-ku Yokohama-shi.
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2006, 28, 299–309
Takahashi, M. and Sakamoto, K. Regulation on Cosmetics. Takahashi cosmetics

consulting. (9) 137-145.
Wiechers, J. et al. 2004. Formulation for efficacy. International Journal of Cosmetic

Science (26) 173-182.
62
APPENDICES
A. Question list
1. What is your gender male/female?
2. How old are you?
3. Are you a deodorant user?
To this day, anti-stain deodorant product still has many complaints. Such
as is cosmetic allergy which causes irritation and lump on skin, it doesn’t work
efficiently by leaving clothes stain, and the packaging is easily damaged, etc.
Currently chemical engineering student of university of indonesia is
developing the latest innovation of an anti-stain deodorant, that only contain
skin-friendly ingritent but will work efficiently. The packaging of the deodorant
will be squeeze tube which has the advantages of safe and practical packaging
compared to the current deodorant packaging.
Squeeze tube packaging
4. If you were to choose a concept of a new product, which concept do you

prefer?
a. Deodorant in the form of a squeeze tube that can whiten, remove stains
and has a non-irritating composition
b. Roll-on deodorant that can whiten, remove stains and has a non-
irritating composition
c. Spray deodorant that can whiten, remove stains and has a non-irritating
composition
d. Deodorant in the form of a squeeze tube that can only whiten and
remove stains
e. Roll-on deodorant which only can whiten and remove stains

Tk25 Report Assignment2

Uploaded by

Tk25 Report Assignment2

Uploaded by

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

iii Universitas Indonesia

EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................. ii

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination ........................................................................ 11

vii Universitas Indonesia

1.1 Background of the Ideas

• Range of age user of deodorant?

Figure 1.1 Mind Map for Exixting Concepts of Anti-Stain Deodorant

1.4 New Ideas Concept

1.4.1.1 Anti – perspirant

1.4.1.2 Anti – Microbes

• Silver-Exchanged Zeolite (Ag-zeolite)

1.4.1.3 Stain Reducing Agent

1.4.2.1 Form of Product

1.5 Combination of New and Existing Concept

Figure 1.3 Combined Product Concept of Unisex Anti-stain Deodorant

1.6 Concept Elimination

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Ideas Ingredients Adv Reason

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Ag - Beta- Methyl Bengkoang Micro-

Aluminum Methyl Micro-

Beta- Methyl Micro-

Beta- Methyl Micro-

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.1 Concept Elimination (Continued)

Tabel 1.2. Concept Generated

Tabel 1.2. Concept Generated (Continued)

Tabel 1.2. Concept Generated (Continued)

2.1 Concept Screening

2.1.1 Concept Selection Matrix

Table 2.1. Selection Criteria

2.1.2 Determining Rate of Concepts

Tabel 2.2 Rate of Concept

2.1.3 Ranking of the Concept

Tabel 2.3 Concept Ranking

2.2 Concept Scoring

2.2.1 Scoring the Weight of Criteria

2.2.2 Choosing the Best Concept

Tabel 2.4 Criteria Parameters

Low amount of Rp.3.000,00-

Tabel 2.5 Best Concept Scroing

Figure 2.1 Respondent Gender

Age 12-17 Age 18-24 Age 24-34 Age 35 and more

Figure 2.2 Respondent Ages Group

Figure 2.3 Identify Deodorant User

Figure 2.4 Product Preferred

In Figure 2.3. is considered aspects in the respondents which are their

3.1 Final Concept and Specification

effective at preventing or eliminating perspiration malodors. Many consumers,

3.2 Product Specification

Table 3.1 Final Specifications of the Product