Interphase

Interphase
Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. If, we
consider that the total event (interphase and mitotic cell division) take place about 24 hrs.
then the interphase is of 23 hrs. Interphase can also be thought of as lasting for 90% of the
cell's life, while Mitosis usually lasts for 10%. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in
preparation for mitosis.[1] Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in
which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts
other "normal" cell functions.[1] The majority of eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in
interphase. This phase was formerly called the resting phase. However, interphase does not
describe a cell that is merely resting; rather, the cell is living and preparing for later cell An illustration of
division, so the name was changed. A common misconception is that interphase is the first interphase. The chromatin
has not yet condensed,
stage of mitosis. However, since mitosis is the division of the nucleus, prophase is actually
and the cell is undergoing
the first stage.[2]
its normal functions.
In interphase, the cell gets itself ready for mitosis or meiosis. Somatic cells, or normal
diploid cells of the body, go through mitosis in order to reproduce themselves through cell
division, whereas diploid germ cells (i.e., primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes) go
through meiosis in order to create haploid gametes (i.e., sperm and ova) for the purpose of
sexual reproduction. Chromosomes are copied.
An image of the nucleus of

a cell (HT1080) currently
Contents in interphase (likely G1).
Note: Cytoplasm of this
Stages of interphase cell or the neighboring cell
Interphase within sequences of cellular processes is not visible (top-left),
Interphase and the cell cycle which is currently in the
Interphase and other cellular processes telophase of mitosis.
Image taken using an
See also
optical microscope and
References DAPI staining of DNA.
Stages of interphase
There are three stages of cellular interphase, with each phase ending when a cellular checkpoint checks the accuracy of the stage's
completion before proceeding to the next. The stages of interphase are:
G1 (Gap 1), in which the cell grows and functions normally. During this time, a high amount of protein synthesis
occurs and the cell grows (to about double its original size) – more organelles are produced and the volume of
the cytoplasm increases. If the cell is not to divide again, it will enter G0.[3]
Synthesis (S), in which the cell synthesize its DNA and chromosome number is doubled (via semiconservative
replication).
G2 (Gap 2), in which the cell resumes its growth in preparation for division. The mitochondria divide and the cell
continues to grow until mitosis begins. In plants, chloroplasts also divide during G2.
In addition, some cells that do not divide often or ever, enter a stage called G0 (Gap zero), which is either a stage
separate from interphase or an extended G1.
The duration of time spent in interphase and in each stage of interphase is variable and depends on both the type of cell and the
species of organism it belongs to. Most cells of adult mammals spend about 24 hours in interphase; this accounts for about
90%-96% of the total time involved in cell division.[4] Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases. Mitosis and cytokinesis,
however, are separate from interphase. In G1 phase decision for cell division is taking place....
Interphase within sequences of cellular processes
Interphase and the cell cycle

When G2 is completed, the cell enters a relatively brief period of nuclear and cellular division, composed of mitosis and
cytokinesis, respectively. After the successful completion of mitosis and cytokinesis, both resulting daughter cells re-enter G1 of
interphase.
In the cell cycle, interphase is preceded by telophase and cytokinesis of the M phase. In alternative fashion, interphase is
sometimes interrupted by G0 phase, which, in some circumstances, may then end and be followed by the remaining stages of
interphase. After the successful completion of the G2 checkpoint, the final checkpoint in interphase, the cell proceeds to prophase,
or in plants to preprophase, which is the first stage of mitosis.
G0 phase is viewed as either an extended G1 phase where the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide and or as a distinct
quiescent stage which occurs outside of the cell cycle.[5]
Interphase and other cellular processes

In gamete production interphase is succeeded by meiosis. In programmed cell death, interphase is followed or preempted by
apoptosis.
See also
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
References
1. Marieb E (2000). Essentials of human anatomy and physiology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-
0805349405.
2. "The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Tutorial" (http://www.biology.arizona.edu/Cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html). The
Biology Project – Cell Biology. University of Arizona.
3. Cummings MR (2014). Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. pp. 28–29.
4. Mader SS (2007). Biology (9th ed.). Boston, MA, USA: McGraw Hill Higher Education. ISBN 978-0-07-325839-3.
5. Cram E. "Re: Are the cells in the G0 (g zero) phase of mitosis really suspended?" (http://www.madsci.org/posts/a
rchives/nov99/942335648.Cb.r.html). MadScience Network. Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of
California, Berkeley. 1999.
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Interphase

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Interphase

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Interphase

An image of the nucleus of

Interphase within sequences of cellular processes

Interphase and the cell cycle

Interphase and other cellular processes

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