DATA SHEET

DecisionSpace®
Earth Modeling Software
ov e rv i e w

The ability to characterize a reservoir’s physical makeup in real time while accurately
DecisionSpace® understanding reservoir potential and uncertainty remains a primary priority for
Geosciences exploration and production operators’ efforts to develop and understand reserve
replacement strategies. DecisionSpace® Earth Modeling application is an essential
Flow simulation-ready subsurface tool that provides an intuitive and flexible approach to assimilating
3D grid construction with seamless dynamic mechanical and geoscience knowledge in order to best understand reservoir
link to dynamic simulator property distribution. The application integrates subsurface data from well logs,
cores, and seismic along with qualitative data to construct a robust 3D representa-
Comprehensive and intuitive
tion of a reservoir. Using both efficient stochastic and deterministic approaches,
geocellular model generation directly
DecisionSpace Earth Modeling software can deliver a multi-resolution geocellular
from Dynamic Frameworks to
model that more accurately represents the size, shape, orientation, composition, and
Fill technology based on
original interpretation internal arrangement of a reservoir. This model can then be leveraged for numerous
downstream activities, including flow or basin simulation, well planning, stimulation,
Multiple variogram computation and and risk analysis.
modeling with instant visual validation
DecisionSpace Earth Modeling software is a module of the DecisionSpace®
Facies trend computation and Geosciences suite, a unified visualization, interpretation, and modeling workspace
modeling workflows where asset teams can collaborate more effectively to evaluate and develop assets.
It delivers a true multi-user environment with unprecedented integration across
See-it-now tool generating quick static multi-domain workflows and data types—all on the award-winning, information
simulations for rapid results-checking management foundation of OpenWorks® database.

Built on the DecisionSpace platform

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 B e n e f i ts

High Resolution Models Derived from Landmark Dynamic Frameworks

to Fill and Industry Standard Geostatistics Algorithms
The Earth Modeling workflow has been optimized to promote integration, usability
and high science, from building geocellular models directly from a sealed structural
framework, such as the Dynamic FrameWorks to Fill® workflow, through intuitive
facies and petrophysical modeling, to static volumetrics and uncertainty. The applica-
tion combines an intuitive design, along with innovative facies control and advanced
techniques, such as lithology proportion mapping and variogram analysis. Advanced
geostatistical algorithms available natively in the application, including Pluri-Gaussian,
Sequential Gaussian and Sequential Indicator, enhance the horsepower of this solution.

Full-Field Visualization Provides Unique Ability To Work In 3D and for In-Situ

Understanding of Sweet Spot, Optimal Fracture Design, and Well Placement
The ability to visualize the earth model in 2D and 3D displays within DecisionSpace
Geosciences software − in the context of regional, interpretive and GIS information −
provides powerful validation and quality control capabilities, as well as enhanced
understanding of the reservoir. The ability to quantify petrophysical and mechanical
property distribution, uncertainty, volumetrics and reserves, with the rigor of geosta-
tistical techniques, simply and easily, can result in enhanced efficiencies throughout
the acquisition to decision workflow. This is critical to several processes, including
sweet spot quantification (particularly suitable for unconventional reservoirs),
upscaling and zone definition analysis, well targeting and lateral placement, fracture
design, and well engineering.

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Optimal Integration and Downstream Handshake with Popular
Reservoir Simulation Tools
DecisionSpace Earth Modeling software integrates seamlessly with the advanced
Nexus® Reservoir simulator as well as other industry available simulation applications.
Visualization and editing of non-Landmark format models is possible through the
DecisionSpace Geosciences suite, as well as the ability to launch a simulation deck
and/or integrate reservoir simulation models and replay the time-steps. This enables
viewing the entire interpretive lifecycle from raw interpretation to static and dynamic
simulation models, in a single application at the same time.

F e at u r e s

Project Designer and Knowledge Capture

The application includes intuitive graphical flow chart tools to create project workflow
templates and capture workflow modeling steps in ODP or HTML Report Files with
capabilities of attaching documents, notes, images, and PDFs. Project Designer also
includes batch file capabilities.

3D Grid Design
Flow simulation ready 3D grid construction with vertical cell-walls and stair-stepped
faults based on Cartesian geometry. DecisionSpace Geosciences Earth Modeling
suite uses the identical grid topology as Nexus simulator software so the workflow
from the static earth model to the dynamic simulator is seamless. Interactive
tools to design any shape area of interest within the boundary constraints of the
structural framework.

Landmark
 Variogram Computation and Modeling
Patented tools used to compute, model and visualize omni-directional, multi-direc-
tional, and nested variograms for continuous and discrete attributes from point sets
or 3D grids. When computing the variogram, the defaults given by the application are
intelligent defaults meaning that defaults are not constant for every data set; instead
we look directly at the data and provide the best defaults to use with the data avail-
able. Variogram modeling also includes an instant visual validation map showing the
effect of the variogram model on the geocellular model in a live-interactive mode.

Facies Trend Computation and Modeling

Powerful workflows create geographically varying 3D lithology proportion volumes
from well and seismic attributes, which are then used as background trends during
Facies Simulation. There are tools to interactively edit copy and move individual
proportion curves to better define or customize the background trend.

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Stochastic Facies and Petrophysical Property Simulation
An easy and unique workflow to create multiple facies realizations and populate
them with petrophysical properties is critical for modeling fluid flow. Instantaneous
visual validators allow users to preview results quickly prior to execution to ensure
outcomes are reliable. Also, having the ability to use multiple facies simulations linked
to multiple petrophysical realizations at the same time allows these results to be used
in volumetrics computations to get a more complete probability when calculating
P10, P50 and P90.

Probabilistic Volumetric Computation

Tools to compute and display probability curves depicting the risk of hydrocarbon
volume based on stochastic facies and petrophysical property realizations.
Volumetrics can be used with gas, oil and mixed reservoirs.

Uncertainty Analysis
Uncertainty analysis tools can be used to create summary volumes from multiple
realizations (mean, standard deviation, 1st and 2nd confidence intervals, probability
above, below or between cut-offs).

Upscaling
The upscaling component is used to create coarser grids while keeping fine grid detail
around critical areas like faults for use in flow simulators. Several algorithms and
methods are available, including classic upscaling methods using appropriate aver-
aging techniques for porosity and permeability, as well as dynamic flow-based perme-
ability upscaling based upon the pressure solution obtained by flowing a single-phase
fluid through the fine-grid gridblocks which comprise each coarse gridblock.

Landmark
 See-It-Now
The See-It-Now tool is an extension of the visual validator, which enables users to
quickly create static simulations of facies, petrophysics, and mechanical properties, in
line with our frameworks-to-fill philosophy. In other words, static property simulations
can be completed virtually and instantly using thick cross sections or fence diagrams.
Using these tools, modelers can pre-check their results prior to running the full model.
The unique characteristics of the See-It-Now technology, in addition to its speed, are
that the results generated are the same statistical results seen in the final model for
the region(s) specified.

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 Perform Superior Data Analysis
Before modeling even starts, DecisionSpace Earth Modeling software offers simple,
practical histograms, box plots, cross plots, and cloud transforms. You get a clear
understanding of data distributions and relationships. DecisionSpace Earth Modeling
software makes it easy to distinguish reliable data from suspicious outliers and turns
data quality control into a quick and easy process.

System and Software

s o f t wa r e R eq u i r e m e n ts

OpenWorks 5000.8.3.0

DecisionSpace Base module

DecisionSpace GIS component

for GIS workflows

O p e r at i n g Syst e m s

Red Hat® Enterprise

Linux® Workstation 5.3, 64 bit
Windows® 7, 64 bit

Landmark
“I am predicting that your DecisionSpace environment
should change the way we do our technical work – and for
the better.”
G eo s c i e n c e M a n ag e r , N at i o n a l O i l C o.

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landmarksoftware.com.

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