Orders, Solicits or Induces The Commission of Such A Crime Which in Fact Occurs or Is Attempted
This document outlines three charges of war crimes against an individual and three modes of criminal responsibility. Charge 1 alleges the war crime of excessive incidental death, injury, or damage from an attack. Charge 2 alleges attacking personnel or objects involved in humanitarian or peacekeeping missions. Charge 3 alleges denying quarter by declaring or ordering that there shall be no survivors. The three modes of criminal responsibility are: ordering, soliciting or inducing a crime under Mode 1; responsibility of commanders for crimes of forces under their control under Mode 2; and individual criminal responsibility for directly committing a crime or acting through another under Mode 3.
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Orders, Solicits or Induces The Commission of Such A Crime Which in Fact Occurs or Is Attempted
This document outlines three charges of war crimes against an individual and three modes of criminal responsibility. Charge 1 alleges the war crime of excessive incidental death, injury, or damage from an attack. Charge 2 alleges attacking personnel or objects involved in humanitarian or peacekeeping missions. Charge 3 alleges denying quarter by declaring or ordering that there shall be no survivors. The three modes of criminal responsibility are: ordering, soliciting or inducing a crime under Mode 1; responsibility of commanders for crimes of forces under their control under Mode 2; and individual criminal responsibility for directly committing a crime or acting through another under Mode 3.
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CHARGE 1: Article 8 (2) (b) (iv)
War crime of excessive incidental death, injury, or damage
Elements 1. The perpetrator launched an attack. 2. The attack was such that it would cause incidental death or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment and that such death, injury or damage would be of such an extent as to be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated. 3. The perpetrator knew that the attack would cause incidental death or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment and that such death, injury or damage would be of such an extent as to be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated. 4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international armed conflict. 5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence of an armed conflict.
In accordance with this Statute, a person shall be criminally responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court if that person: Orders, solicits or induces the commission of such a crime which in fact occurs or is attempted.
CHARGE 2: Article 8 (2) (b) (iii)
War crime of attacking personnel or objects involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission Elements 1. The perpetrator directed an attack. 2. The object of the attack was personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. 3. The perpetrator intended such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles so involved to be the object of the attack. 4. Such personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles were entitled to that protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the international law of armed conflict. 5. The perpetrator was aware of the factual circumstances that established that protection. 6. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international armed conflict. 7. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence of an armed conflict.
MODE 2: Article 28 Responsibility of commanders and other superiors
In addition to other grounds of criminal responsibility under this Statute for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court: (a) A military commander or person effectively acting as a military commander shall be criminally responsible for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court committed by forces under his or her effective command and control, or effective authority and control as the case may be, as a result of his or her failure to exercise control properly over such forces, where: (i) That military commander or person either knew or, owing to the circumstances at the time, should have known that the forces were committing or about to commit such crimes; and (ii) That military commander or person failed to take all necessary and reasonable measures within his or her power to prevent or repress their commission or to submit the matter to the competent authorities for investigation and prosecution.
CHARGE 3: Article 8 (2) (b) (xii)
War crime of denying quarter Elements 1. The perpetrator declared or ordered that there shall be no survivors. 2. Such declaration or order was given in order to threaten an adversary or to conduct hostilities on the basis that there shall be no survivors. 3. The perpetrator was in a position of effective command or control over the subordinate forces to which the declaration or order was directed. 4. The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international armed conflict. 5. The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence of an armed conflict.
3. In accordance with this Statute, a person shall be criminally responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court if that person: (a) Commits such a crime, whether as an individual, jointly with another or through another person, regardless of whether that other person is criminally responsible.