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116 Integrals Using Reduction Formulas

The document provides an example of using a reduction formula to evaluate the integral ∫tan6x dx. The reduction formula allows breaking the integral down into simpler integrals by repeatedly decreasing the exponent by 1. Applying the formula 4 times gives the result as the sum of integrals with exponents from 5 to 1. Similarly, for the integral ∫x4ex dx, the reduction formula is applied 4 times to obtain the final expression in choice D. The key steps are shown using the reduction formula to systematically simplify the integrals into simpler forms.

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Esa Khan
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181 views

116 Integrals Using Reduction Formulas

The document provides an example of using a reduction formula to evaluate the integral ∫tan6x dx. The reduction formula allows breaking the integral down into simpler integrals by repeatedly decreasing the exponent by 1. Applying the formula 4 times gives the result as the sum of integrals with exponents from 5 to 1. Similarly, for the integral ∫x4ex dx, the reduction formula is applied 4 times to obtain the final expression in choice D. The key steps are shown using the reduction formula to systematically simplify the integrals into simpler forms.

Uploaded by

Esa Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: Integrals using reduction formulas

Question: Use the reduction formula to find the integral.

∫
tan6 x d x

1
∫ ∫
n
Use tan x d x = tann−1x − tann−2 x d x
n−1

Answer choices:

1 5 1
A tan x − tan3 x + tan x − x + C
5 3

B tan5 x − tan3 x + tan x − x + C

1 5 1
C tan x − tan3 x + tan x − x
5 3

1 7
D tan x + C
7

431
Solution: A

The reduction formula

1
∫ ∫
n
tan x d x = tann−1x − tann−2 x d x
n−1

simply gives us a method of evaluating the integral without trying to figure


out how to do the integration. In our integral, n = 6. We use the reduction
formula, repeatedly until we have the final result of the integration. The
formula tells us to reduce the exponents each time.

Let’s do the first iteration of the reduction formula.

1
∫ ∫
6
tan x d x = tan6−1x − tan6−2 x d x
6−1

1 5
∫ ∫
tan x d x = tan x − tan4 x d x
6
5

Let’s do the second iteration of the reduction formula.

(4 − 1 )
1 5 1
∫ ∫
6
tan x d x = tan x − tan4−1x − tan4−2 x d x
5

1 5 1
∫ ∫
tan6 x d x = tan x − tan3 x + tan2 x d x
5 3

Let’s do the third iteration of the reduction formula.

1 5 1 3 1
∫ ∫
6
tan x d x = tan x − tan x + tan2−1x − tan2−2 x d x
5 3 2−1

432
1 5 1 3
∫ ∫
6
tan x d x = tan x − tan x + tan x − d x
5 3

Do the final integration without the reduction formula.

1 5 1
∫
tan6 x d x = tan x − tan3 x + tan x − x + C
5 3

433
Topic: Integrals using reduction formulas

Question: Use the reduction formula to find the integral.

∫
x 4e x d x

∫ ∫
Use x ne x d x = x ne x − n x n−1e x d x

Answer choices:

A x 4e x − x 3e x + x 2e x − xe x + e x + C

B x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12x 2e x − 24xe x + 24e x

C x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12x 2e x − 24xe x + 24e x + x + C

D x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12x 2e x − 24xe x + 24e x + C

434
Solution: D

The reduction formula

∫ ∫
x ne x d x = x ne x − n x n−1e x d x

simply gives us a method of evaluating the integral without trying to figure


out how to do the integration. In our integral, n = 4. We use the reduction
formula, repeatedly until we have the final result of the integration. The
formula tells us to reduce the exponents each time.

Let’s do the first iteration of the reduction formula.

∫ ∫
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 4−1e x d x

∫ ∫
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4 x 3e x d x

Let’s do the second iteration of the reduction formula.

∫ [ ∫ ]
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4 x 3e x − 3x 3−1e x d x

∫ ∫
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 4 3x 3−1e x d x

∫ ∫
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12 x 2e x d x

Let’s do the third iteration of the reduction formula.

435
∫ [ ∫ ]
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12 x 2e x − 2x 2−1e x d x

∫ ∫
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12x 2e x − 12 2x 2−1e x d x

∫ ∫
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12x 2e x − 24 xe x d x

Let’s do the fourth iteration of the reduction formula.

∫ [ ∫ ]
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12x 2e x − 24 xe x − 1x 1−1e x d x

∫ ∫
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12x 2e x − 24xe x + 24 e x d x

Do the final integration without the reduction formula.

∫
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12x 2e x − 24xe x + 24e x

∫
x 4e x d x = x 4e x − 4x 3e x + 12x 2e x − 24xe x + 24e x + C

436

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