C# Programs on String C-Net

C# String methods

Method Name Description

Clone() It is used to return a reference to this instance of String.
Compare(String, String) It is used to compares two specified String objects. It returns an
integer that indicates their relative position in the sort order.
CompareOrdinal(String, String) It is used to compare two specified String objects by evaluating
the numeric values of the corresponding Char objects in each
string..
CompareTo(String) It is used to compare this instance with a specified String object.
It indicates whether this instance precedes, follows, or appears
in the same position in the sort order as the specified string.
Concat(String, String) It is used to concatenate two specified instances of String.
Contains(String) It is used to return a value indicating whether a specified
substring occurs within this string.
Copy(String) It is used to create a new instance of String with the same value
as a specified String.
CopyTo(Int32, Char[], Int32, Int32) It is used to copy a specified number of characters from a
specified position in this instance to a specified position in an
array of Unicode characters.
EndsWith(String) It is used to check that the end of this string instance matches
the specified string.
Equals(String, String) It is used to determine that two specified String objects have the
same value.
Format(String, Object) It is used to replace one or more format items in a specified
string with the string representation of a specified object.
GetEnumerator() It is used to retrieve an object that can iterate through the
individual characters in this string.
GetHashCode() It returns the hash code for this string.
GetType() It is used to get the Type of the current instance.
GetTypeCode() It is used to return the TypeCode for class String.
IndexOf(String) It is used to report the zero-based index of the first occurrence
of the specified string in this instance.
Insert(Int32, String) It is used to return a new string in which a specified string is
inserted at a specified index position.
Intern(String) It is used to retrieve the system's reference to the specified
String.
IsInterned(String) It is used to retrieve a reference to a specified String.
IsNormalized() It is used to indicate that this string is in Unicode normalization
form C.
IsNullOrEmpty(String) It is used to indicate that the specified string is null or an Empty
string.
IsNullOrWhiteSpace(String) It is used to indicate whether a specified string is null, empty, or
consists only of white-space characters.
Join(String, String[]) It is used to concatenate all the elements of a string array, using
the specified separator between each element.
LastIndexOf(Char) It is used to report the zero-based index position of the last
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occurrence of a specified character within String.
LastIndexOfAny(Char[]) It is used to report the zero-based index position of the last
occurrence in this instance of one or more characters specified
in a Unicode array.
Normalize() It is used to return a new string whose textual value is the same
as this string, but whose binary representation is in Unicode
normalization form C.
PadLeft(Int32) It is used to return a new string that right-aligns the characters
in this instance by padding them with spaces on the left.
PadRight(Int32) It is used to return a new string that left-aligns the characters in
this string by padding them with spaces on the right.
Remove(Int32) It is used to return a new string in which all the characters in the
current instance, beginning at a specified position and
continuing through the last position, have been deleted.
Replace(String, String) It is used to return a new string in which all occurrences of a
specified string in the current instance are replaced with
another specified string.
Split(Char[]) It is used to split a string into substrings that are based on the
characters in an array.
StartsWith(String) It is used to check whether the beginning of this string instance
matches the specified string.
Substring(Int32) It is used to retrieve a substring from this instance. The
substring starts at a specified character position and continues
to the end of the string.
ToCharArray() It is used to copy the characters in this instance to a Unicode
character array.
ToLower() It is used to convert String into lowercase.
ToLowerInvariant() It is used to return convert String into lowercase using the
casing rules of the invariant culture.
ToString() It is used to return instance of String.
ToUpper() It is used to convert String into uppercase.
Trim() It is used to remove all leading and trailing white-space
characters from the current String object.
TrimEnd(Char[]) It Is used to remove all trailing occurrences of a set of characters
specified in an array from the current String object.
TrimStart(Char[]) It is used to remove all leading occurrences of a set of characters
specified in an array from the current String object.

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C# Programs on String C-Net
1. Write a program in C# Sharp to input a string and print it.
using System;
public class Exercise1
{
public static void Main()
{
string str;

Console.Write("\n\nAccept a string from keyboard :\n");

Console.Write("-----------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str= Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("The string you entered is : {0}\n", str);
}
}

2. Write a program in C# Sharp to find the length of a string without using library function.

using System;
public class Exercise2
{
public static void Main()
{
string str; /* Declares a string of size 100 */
int l= 0;
Console.Write("\n\nFind the length of a string :\n");
Console.Write("---------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();
foreach(char chr in str)
{
l += 1;

}
Console.Write("Length of the string is : {0}\n\n", l);
}
}

3. Write a program in C# Sharp to separate the individual characters from a string.

using System;
public class Exercise3
{
public static void Main()
{
string str;
int l=0;
Console.Write("\n\nSeparate the individual characters from a string :\n");
Console.Write("------------------------------------------------------\n");
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Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("The characters of the string are : ");
while (l <= str.Length - 1)
{
Console.Write("{0} ", str[l]);
l++;
}
Console.Write("\n\n");
}
}

4. Write a program in C# Sharp to print individual characters of the string in reverse order.
using System;
public class Exercise4
{
public static void Main()
{
string str;
int l=0;
Console.Write("\n\nprint individual characters of string in reverse order :\n");
Console.Write("------------------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();
l = str.Length - 1;
Console.Write("The characters of the string in reverse are : \n");
while (l >= 0)
{
Console.Write("{0} ", str[l]);
l--;
}
Console.Write("\n\n");
}
}

5. Write a program in C# Sharp to count the total number of words in a string.

using System;
public class Exercise5
{
public static void Main()
{
string str;
int i, wrd,l;
Console.Write("\n\nCount the total number of words in a string :\n");
Console.Write("------------------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();

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l = 0;
wrd = 1;
/* loop till end of string */
while (l <= str.Length - 1)
{
/* check whether the current character is white space or new line or tab character*/
if(str[l]==' ' || str[l]=='\n' || str[l]=='\t')
{
wrd++;
}

l++;
}

Console.Write("Total number of words in the string is : {0}\n", wrd);

}
}

6. Write a program in C# Sharp to compare two string without using string library functions.
using System;
public class Exercise6
{
public static void Main()
{
string str1, str2;
int flg=0;
int i=0,l1,l2,yn=0;
Console.Write("\n\nCompare two string whether they are equal or not :\n");
Console.Write("------------------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the 1st string : ");
str1 = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Input the 2nd string : ");
str2 = Console.ReadLine();
l1=str1.Length;
l2=str2.Length;
/*compare checking when they are equal in length*/
if(l1==l2)
{
for(i=0;i<l1;i++)
{
if(str1[i] != str2[i])
{
yn=1;
i=l1;

}
}
}
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/*initialize the flage where they are equal, smaller and greater in length*/
if(l1 == l2)
flg=0;
else if(l1 > l2)
flg=1;
else if(l1 < l2)
flg=-1;
/*display the message where the strings are same or smaller or greater*/
if(flg == 0)
{
if(yn==0)
Console.Write("\nThe length of both strings are equal and \nalso, both strings are same.\n\n");
else
Console.Write("\nThe length of both strings are equal \nbut they are not same.\n\n");
}
else if(flg == -1)
{
Console.Write("\nThe length of the first string is smaller than second.\n\n");
}
else
{
Console.Write("\nThe length of the first string is greater than second.\n\n");
}
}
}

7. Write a program in C# Sharp to count a total number of alphabets, digits and special characters
in a string.
using System;
public class Exercise7
{
public static void Main()
{
string str;
int alp, digit, splch, i,l;
alp = digit = splch = i = 0;
Console.Write("\n\nCount total number of alphabets, digits and special characters :\n");
Console.Write("--------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();
l=str.Length;
/* Checks each character of string*/
while(i<l)
{
if((str[i]>='a' && str[i]<='z') || (str[i]>='A' && str[i]<='Z'))
{
alp++;
}
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else if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9')
{
digit++;
}
else
{
splch++;
}

i++;
}

Console.Write("Number of Alphabets in the string is : {0}\n", alp);

Console.Write("Number of Digits in the string is : {0}\n", digit);
Console.Write("Number of Special characters in the string is : {0}\n\n", splch);
}
}

8. Write a program in C# Sharp to copy one string to another string.

using System;
public class Exercise8
{
public static void Main()
{
string str1;
int i,l;

Console.Write("\n\nCopy one string into another string :\n");

Console.Write("-----------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str1 = Console.ReadLine();

l=str1.Length;
string[] str2=new string[l];

/* Copies string1 to string2 character by character */

i=0;
while(i<l)
{
string tmp=str1[i].ToString();
str2[i] = tmp;
i++;
}
Console.Write("\nThe First string is : {0}\n", str1);
Console.Write("The Second string is : {0}\n", string.Join("",str2));
Console.Write("Number of characters copied : {0}\n\n", i);
}
}
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9. Write a program in C# Sharp to count a total number of vowel or consonant in a string.

using System;
public class Exercise9
{
public static void Main()
{
string str;
int i, len, vowel, cons;

Console.Write("\n\nCount total number of vowel or consonant :\n");

Console.Write("----------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();
vowel = 0;
cons = 0;
len = str.Length;
for(i=0; i<len; i++)
{

if(str[i] =='a' || str[i]=='e' || str[i]=='i' || str[i]=='o' || str[i]=='u' || str[i]=='A' || str[i]=='E' || str[i]=='I'

|| str[i]=='O' || str[i]=='U')
{
vowel++;
}
else if((str[i]>='a' && str[i]<='z') || (str[i]>='A' && str[i]<='Z'))
{
cons++;
}
}
Console.Write("\nThe total number of vowel in the string is : {0}\n", vowel);
Console.Write("The total number of consonant in the string is : {0}\n\n", cons);
}
}

10. Write a program in C# Sharp to find maximum occurring character in a string.

using System;
public class Exercise10
{
public static void Main()
{
string str;
int[] ch_fre = new int[255];
int i = 0, max,l;
int ascii;

Console.Write("\n\nFind maximum occurring character in a string :\n");

Console.Write("--------------------------------------------------\n");
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Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();
l=str.Length;

for(i=0; i<255; i++) //Set frequency of all characters to 0

{
ch_fre[i] = 0;
}
/* Read for frequency of each characters */
i=0;
while(i<l)
{
ascii = (int)str[i];
ch_fre[ascii] += 1;

i++;
}
// Console.Write("{0} ",(char)65);
max = 0;
for(i=0; i<255; i++)
{
if(i!=32)
{
if(ch_fre[i] > ch_fre[max])
max = i;
}
}
Console.Write("The Highest frequency of character '{0}' is appearing for number of times : {1} \n\n",
(char)max, ch_fre[max]);
}
}

11. Write a program in C# Sharp to sort a string array in ascending order.

using System;
public class Exercise11
{
public static void Main()
{
string str;
char[] arr1;
char ch;
int i,j,l;
Console.Write("\n\nSort a string array in ascending order :\n");
Console.Write("--------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();
l=str.Length;
arr1 = str.ToCharArray(0, l);
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for(i=1;i<l;i++)
for(j=0;j<l-i;j++)

if(arr1[j]>arr1[j+1])
{
ch=arr1[j];
arr1[j] = arr1[j+1];
arr1[j+1]=ch;
}
Console.Write("After sorting the string appears like : \n");
foreach (char c in arr1)
{
ch=c;
Console.Write("{0} ",ch);
}
Console.WriteLine("\n");
}
}

12. Write a program in C# Sharp to read a string through the keyboard and sort it using bubble
sort.
using System;
public class exercise12
{
public static void Main()
{
string[] arr1;
string temp;
int n,i,j,l;

Console.Write("\n\nSorts the strings of an array using bubble sort :\n");

Console.Write("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input number of strings :");
n= Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
arr1=new string[n];
Console.Write("Input {0} strings below :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
arr1[i] = Console.ReadLine();
}
l=arr1.Length;

for (i = 0; i < l; i++)

{
for (j = 0; j < l-1; j++)
{
if (arr1[j].CompareTo(arr1[j + 1]) > 0)
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{
temp = arr1[j];
arr1[j] = arr1[j + 1];
arr1[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
Console.Write("\n\nAfter sorting the array appears like : \n");
for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(arr1[i] + " ");
}
}
}

13. Write a program in C# Sharp to extract a substring from a given string without using the
library function.
using System;
public class exercise13
{
public static void Main()
{
string str;
char[] arr1;
int pos, l, ln, c = 0;

Console.Write("\n\nExtract a substring from a given string:\n");

Console.Write("--------------------------------------------\n");

Console.Write("Input the string : ");

str = Console.ReadLine();
ln=str.Length;
arr1 = str.ToCharArray(0, ln);

Console.Write("Input the position to start extraction :");

pos= Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

Console.Write("Input the length of substring :");

l= Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

Console.Write("The substring retrieve from the string is : ");

while (c < l)
{
Console.Write(arr1[pos+c-1]);
c++;
}
Console.Write("\n\n");
}
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}

14. Write a C# Sharp program to check whether a given substring is present in the given string

using System;
public class exercise14
{
public static void Main()
{
string str1,str2;
bool m;

Console.Write("\n\nCheck whether a given substring is present in the given strig :\n");

Console.Write("-------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str1 = Console.ReadLine();

Console.Write("Input the substring to search : ");

str2 = Console.ReadLine();
m=str1.Contains(str2); // boolean value tapped hare
if (m) // check boolean value is true or false.
Console.Write("The substring exists in the string.\n\n");
else
Console.Write("The substring is not exists in the string. \n\n");
}
}

15. Write a program in C# Sharp to read a sentence and replace lowercase characters by
uppercase and vice-versa.
using System;
public class exercise15
{
public static void Main()
{
string str1;
char[] arr1;
int l,i;
l=0;
char ch;
Console.Write("\n\nReplace lowercase characters by uppercase and vice-versa :\n");
Console.Write("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input the string : ");
str1 = Console.ReadLine();
l=str1.Length;
arr1 = str1.ToCharArray(0, l); // Converts string into char array.

Console.Write("\nAfter conversion, the string is : ");

for(i=0; i < l; i++)
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{
ch=arr1[i];
if (Char.IsLower(ch)) // check whether the character is lowercase
Console.Write(Char.ToUpper(ch)); // Converts lowercase character to uppercase.
else
Console.Write(Char.ToLower(ch)); // Converts uppercase character to lowercase.
}
Console.Write("\n\n");
}
}

16. Write a program in C# Sharp to check the username and password.

using System;
public class Exercise16
{
public static void Main()
{
string username, password;
int ctr = 0;
Console.Write("\n\nCheck username and password :\n");
Console.Write("N.B. : Default user name and password is :abcd and 1234\n");
Console.Write("------------------------------------------------------\n");

do
{
Console.Write("Input a username: ");
username = Console.ReadLine();

Console.Write("Input a password: ");

password = Console.ReadLine();

if(username != "abcd" || password != "1234")

ctr++;
else
ctr=1;

}
while((username != "abcd" || password != "1234") && (ctr != 3));

if (ctr == 3)
Console.Write("\nLogin attemp three or more times. Try later!\n\n");
else
Console.Write("\nThe password entered successfully!\n\n");
}
}

17. Write a program in C# Sharp to search the position of a substring within a string.

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C# Programs on String C-Net
using System;
public class Exercise17
{
public static void Main()
{

string str1;
string findstr;
Console.Write("\n\nSearch the position of a substing within a string :\n");
Console.Write("-------------------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input a String: ");
str1 = Console.ReadLine();

Console.Write("Input a substring to be found in the string: ");

findstr = Console.ReadLine();
int index = str1.IndexOf(findstr);
if(index<0)
Console.WriteLine("The substring no found in the given string \n");
else
Console.WriteLine("Found '{0}' in '{1}' at position {2}",
findstr, str1, index);
}
}

18. Write a program in C# Sharp to check whether a character is an alphabet and not and if so, go
to check for the case.
using System;
public class Exercise18
{
static void Main()
{

Console.Write("\n\nCheck whether a character is alphabet or not and if so, check for case :\n");
Console.Write("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
Console.Write("Input a character: ");
char ch = (char)Console.Read();
if (Char.IsLetter(ch))
{
if (Char.IsUpper(ch))
{
Console.WriteLine("\nThe character is uppercase.\n");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("\nThe character is lowercase.\n");
}
}
else
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{
Console.WriteLine("\nThe entered character is not an alphabetic character.\n");
}
}
}

19. Write a program in C# Sharp to find the number of times a substring appears in the given
string.
using System;
public class exercise19
{
public static void Main()
{
string str1;
string findstring;
int strt = 0;
int cnt = -1;
int idx = -1;

Console.Write("\n\nFind the number of times a specific string appears in a string :\n");

Console.Write("--------------------------------------------------------------------\n");

Console.Write("Input the original string : ");

str1 = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Input the string to be searched for : ");
findstring = Console.ReadLine();

while (strt != -1)

{
strt = str1.IndexOf(findstring, idx + 1);
cnt += 1;
idx = strt;
}
Console.Write("The string '{0}' occurs " + cnt + " times.\n", findstring);
}
}

20. Write a program in C# Sharp to insert a substring before the first occurrence of a string.
using System;
public class Exercise20
{
public static void Main()
{

string str1;
string findstring;
string insertstring;
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int i;

Console.Write("\n\nInsert a substing before the first occurence of a string :\n");

Console.Write("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");

Console.Write("Input the original string : ");

str1 = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Input the string to be searched for : ");
findstring = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Input the string to be inserted : ");
insertstring = Console.ReadLine();
i=str1.IndexOf(findstring); // locate the position of the first occurence of the string
insertstring = " " + insertstring.Trim() + " ";
str1 = str1.Insert(i, insertstring);
Console.Write("The modified string is : {0}\n\n",str1);
}
}

21. Write a C# Sharp program to compare (less than, greater than, equal to ) two substrings.
// Example for String.Compare(String, Int32, String, Int32, Int32)
using System;

class Example21
{
public static void Main() {
// 01234567
String str1 = "computer";
String str2 = "system";
String str;
int result;

Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("str1 = '{0}', str2 = '{1}'", str1, str2);
result = String.Compare(str1, 2, str2, 0, 2);
str = ((result < 0) ? "less than" : ((result > 0) ? "greater than" : "equal to"));
Console.Write("Substring '{0}' in '{1}' is ", str1.Substring(2, 2), str1);
Console.Write("{0} ", str);
Console.WriteLine("substring '{0}' in '{1}'.", str2.Substring(0, 2), str2);
}
}

22. Write a C# Sharp program to compare two substrings that only differ in case. The first
comparison ignores case and the second comparison considers case.
using System;
class Example22
{
public static void Main() {
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// 01234567
String str1 = "COMPUTER";
String str2 = "computer";
String str;
int result;

Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("str1 = '{0}', str2 = '{1}'", str1, str2);
Console.WriteLine("Ignore case:");
result = String.Compare(str1, 2, str2, 2, 2, true);
str = ((result < 0) ? "less than" : ((result > 0) ? "greater than" : "equal to"));
Console.Write("Substring '{0}' in '{1}' is ", str1.Substring(2, 2), str1);
Console.Write("{0} ", str);
Console.WriteLine("substring '{0}' in '{1}'.", str2.Substring(2, 2), str2);

Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Honor case:");
result = String.Compare(str1, 2, str2, 2, 2, false);
str = ((result < 0) ? "less than" : ((result > 0) ? "greater than" : "equal to"));
Console.Write("Substring '{0}' in '{1}' is ", str1.Substring(2, 2), str1);
Console.Write("{0} ", str);
Console.WriteLine("substring '{0}' in '{1}'.", str2.Substring(2, 2), str2);
}
}

23. Write a C# Sharp program to compare two substrings using different cultures and ignoring the
case of the substrings.
// Example for String.Compare(String, Int32, String, Int32, Int32, Boolean, CultureInfo)
using System;
using System.Globalization;

class Example23 {
public static void Main() {
// 01234567
String str1 = "COMPUTER";
String str2 = "computer";
String str;
int result;

Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("\n str1 = '{0}', str2 = '{1}'", str1, str2);
Console.WriteLine("Ignore case, Turkish culture:");
result = String.Compare(str1, 4, str2, 4, 2, true, new CultureInfo("tr-TR"));
str = ((result < 0) ? "less than" : ((result > 0) ? "greater than" : "equal to"));
Console.Write("Substring '{0}' in '{1}' is ", str1.Substring(4, 2), str1);
Console.Write("{0} ", str);
Console.WriteLine("substring '{0}' in '{1}'.", str2.Substring(4, 2), str2);

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Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Ignore case, invariant culture:");
result = String.Compare(str1, 4, str2, 4, 2, true, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
str = ((result < 0) ? "less than" : ((result > 0) ? "greater than" : "equal to"));
Console.Write("Substring '{0}' in '{1}' is ", str1.Substring(4, 2), str1);
Console.Write("{0} ", str);
Console.WriteLine("substring '{0}' in '{1}'.\n\n", str2.Substring(4, 2), str2);
}
}

24. Write a C# Sharp program to compare the last names of two people. It then lists them in
alphabetical order.
using System;
using System.Globalization;

public class Example24

{
public static void Main()
{
string name1 = "John Peterson";
string name2 = "Michel Jhonson";

// Get position of space character.

int index1 = name1.IndexOf(" ");
index1 = index1 < 0 ? 0 : index1--;

int index2 = name2.IndexOf(" ");

index2 = index2 < 0 ? 0 : index2--;

int length = Math.Max(name1.Length, name2.Length);

Console.WriteLine("Sorted alphabetically by last name:");

if (String.Compare(name1, index1, name2, index2, length,
new CultureInfo("en-US"), CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) < 0)
Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", name1, name2);
else
Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", name2, name1);
}
}

25. Write a C# Sharp program to compares four sets of words by using each member of the
StringComparison enumeration.
The comparisons use the conventions of the English (United States) and Sami (Upper Sweden) cultures.
Note: that the strings "encyclopedia" and "encyclopedia" are considered equivalent in the en-US culture
but not in the Sami (Northern Sweden) culture.
using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Threading;
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C# Programs on String C-Net

public class Example25

{
public static void Main()
{
String[] cultureNames = { "en-AU", "sv-SE" };
String[] strs1 = { "case", "encyclopedia",
"encyclopedia", "Archeology" };
String[] strs2 = { "Case", "encyclopedia",
"encyclopedia" , "ARCHEOLOGY" };
StringComparison[] comparisons = (StringComparison[])
Enum.GetValues(typeof(StringComparison));

foreach (var cultureName in cultureNames) {

Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(cultureName);
Console.WriteLine("Current Culture: {0}", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.Name);
for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= strs1.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++) {
foreach (var comparison in comparisons)
Console.WriteLine(" {0} = {1} ({2}): {3}", strs1[ctr],
strs2[ctr], comparison,
String.Equals(strs1[ctr], strs2[ctr], comparison));

Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}

26. Write C# Sharp program to demonstrate that the Compare(String, String, Boolean) method is
equivalent to using ToUpper or ToLower when comparing strings.
using System;
class Example26
{
static void Main()
{
// Create upper-case characters from their Unicode code units.
String stringUpper = "\x0051\x0052\x0053";

// Create lower-case characters from their Unicode code units.

String stringLower = "\x0071\x0072\x0073";

// Display the strings.

Console.WriteLine("Comparing '{0}' and '{1}':",
stringUpper, stringLower);

// Compare the uppercased strings; the result is true.

Console.WriteLine("The Strings are equal when capitalized? {0}",
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String.Compare(stringUpper.ToUpper(), stringLower.ToUpper()) == 0
? "true" : "false");

// The previous method call is equivalent to this Compare method, which ignores case.
Console.WriteLine("The Strings are equal when case is ignored? {0}",
String.Compare(stringUpper, stringLower, true) == 0
? "true" : "false" );
}
}

27. Write a C# Sharp program to demonstrate how culture can affect a comparison.
Note : In Czech – Czech Republic culture, "ch" is a single character that is greater than "d". However, in
English - United States culture, "ch" consists of two characters, and "c" is less than "d".
using System;
using System.Globalization;

class Example27
{
public static void Main() {
String str1 = "change";
String str2 = "dollar";
String relation = null;

relation = symbol( String.Compare(str1, str2, false, new CultureInfo("en-US")) );

Console.WriteLine("\nFor en-US: {0} {1} {2}", str1, relation, str2);

relation = symbol( String.Compare(str1, str2, false, new CultureInfo("cs-CZ")) );

Console.WriteLine("For cs-CZ: {0} {1} {2}\n", str1, relation, str2);
}

private static String symbol(int r) {

String s = "=";
if (r < 0) s = "<";
else if (r > 0) s = ">";
return s;
}
}

28. Write a C# Sharp program to compare two strings in following three different ways produce
three different results.
a. using linguistic comparison for the en-US culture.
b. using linguistic case-sensitive comparison for the en-US culture.
c. using an ordinal comparison. It illustrates how the three methods of comparison.
using System;
using System.Globalization;

public class Example28

{
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C# Programs on String C-Net
public static void Main()
{
string str1 = "sister";
string str2 = "Sister";
string relation;
int result;

// Cultural (linguistic) comparison.

result = String.Compare(str1, str2, new CultureInfo("en-US"),
CompareOptions.None);
if (result > 0)
relation = "comes after";
else if (result == 0)
relation = "is the same as";
else
relation = "comes before";

Console.WriteLine("'{0}' {1} '{2}'.",

str1, relation, str2);

// Cultural (linguistic) case-insensitive comparison.

result = String.Compare(str1, str2, new CultureInfo("en-US"),
CompareOptions.IgnoreCase);
if (result > 0)
relation = "comes after";
else if (result == 0)
relation = "is the same as";
else
relation = "comes before";

Console.WriteLine("'{0}' {1} '{2}'.",

str1, relation, str2);

// Culture-insensitive ordinal comparison.

result = String.CompareOrdinal(str1, str2);
if (result > 0)
relation = "comes after";
else if (result == 0)
relation = "is the same as";
else
relation = "comes before";

Console.WriteLine("'{0}' {1} '{2}'.",

str1, relation, str2);
}
}

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C# Programs on String C-Net
29. Write a C# Sharp program to demonstrate that CompareOrdinal and Compare use different
sort orders.
using System;
using System.Globalization;

class Example30
{
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
String strLow = "xyz";
String strCap = "XYZ";
String result = "equal to ";
int x = 0;
int pos = 1;

// The Unicode codepoint for 'b' is greater than the codepoint for 'B'.
x = String.CompareOrdinal(strLow, pos, strCap, pos, 1);
if (x < 0) result = "less than";
if (x > 0) result = "greater than";
Console.WriteLine("CompareOrdinal(\"{0}\"[{2}], \"{1}\"[{2}]):", strLow, strCap, pos);
Console.WriteLine(" '{0}' is {1} '{2}'", strLow[pos], result, strCap[pos]);

// In U.S. English culture, 'b' is linguistically less than 'B'.

x = String.Compare(strLow, pos, strCap, pos, 1, false, new CultureInfo("en-US"));
if (x < 0) result = "less than";
else if (x > 0) result = "greater than";
Console.WriteLine("Compare(\"{0}\"[{2}], \"{1}\"[{2}]):", strLow, strCap, pos);
Console.WriteLine(" '{0}' is {1} '{2}'", strLow[pos], result, strCap[pos]);
}
}

30. Write a C# Sharp program to concatenate three objects, objects with a variable and 3-element
object array.
using System;
class Example34
{
public static void Main() {
int i = -123;
Object o = i;
Object[] objs = new Object[] {-123, -456, -789};

Console.WriteLine("Concatenate 1, 2, and 3 objects:");

Console.WriteLine("1) {0}", String.Concat(o));
Console.WriteLine("2) {0}", String.Concat(o, o));
Console.WriteLine("3) {0}", String.Concat(o, o, o));

Console.WriteLine("\nConcatenate 4 objects and a variable length parameter list:");

Console.WriteLine("4) {0}", String.Concat(o, o, o, o));
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C# Programs on String C-Net
Console.WriteLine("5) {0}", String.Concat(o, o, o, o, o));

Console.WriteLine("\nConcatenate a 3-element object array:");

Console.WriteLine("6) {0}", String.Concat(objs));
}
}

31. Write a C# Sharp program to concatenate the array values of strings.

using System;
public class Example37
{
public static void Main()
{
// Make an array of strings. Note that we have included spaces.
string [] str = { "hello ", "welcome ", "to ", "C# Sharp ",
"create ", "Windows ", "client ", "applications "};

// Put all the strings together.

Console.WriteLine(string.Concat(str));

// Sort the strings, and put them together.

Array.Sort(str);
Console.WriteLine(string.Concat(str));
}
}

32. Write a C# Sharp program to determine whether the string "birds" is a substring of a familiar.

Note : Quotation ‘two birds with one stone'.

using System;

class Example38
{
public static void Main()
{
string str1 = "Kill two birds with one stone";
string str2 = "birds";
bool x = str1.Contains(str2);
Console.WriteLine("'{0}' is in the string '{1}': {2}",
str2, str1, x);
if (x) {
int index = str1.IndexOf(str2);
if (index >= 0)
Console.WriteLine("'{0} begins at character position {1}",
str2, index + 1);
}
}
}
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C# Programs on String C-Net

33. Write a C# Sharp program to indicate whether each string in an array ends with a period (".").
using System;

public class Example41

{
public static void Main()
{
String[] strings = { "Actions speak louder than words", "Hello!", "Python.",
"PHP.", "random" };
foreach (var value in strings) {
bool endsInPeriod = value.EndsWith(".");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("'{0}' ends in a period: {1}",
value, endsInPeriod);
}
}
}

34. Write C# Sharp program to check whether a string occurs at the end of another string.
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Globalization;

class Example42
{
public static void Main()
{
string str1 = "Search for the target string \"{0}\" in the string \"{1}\".\n";
string str2 = "Using the {0} - \"{1}\" culture:";
string str3 = " The string to search ends with the target string: {0}";
bool result = false;
CultureInfo ci;

// Define a target string to search for.

// U+00c5 = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
string capitalARing = "\u00c5";

// Define a string to search.

// The result of combining the characters LATIN SMALL LETTER A and COMBINING
// RING ABOVE (U+0419, U+0809) is linguistically equivalent to the character
// LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE (U+400A).
string abcARing = "abc" + "\u0419\u0809";

// Clear the screen and display an introduction.

Console.Clear();

// Display the string to search for and the string to search.

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C# Programs on String C-Net
Console.WriteLine(str1, capitalARing, abcARing);

// Search using English-United States culture.

ci = new CultureInfo("en-GB");
Console.WriteLine(str2, ci.DisplayName, ci.Name);

Console.WriteLine("Case sensitive:");
result = abcARing.EndsWith(capitalARing, false, ci);
Console.WriteLine(str3, result);

Console.WriteLine("Case insensitive:");
result = abcARing.EndsWith(capitalARing, true, ci);
Console.WriteLine(str3, result);
Console.WriteLine();

// Search using Swedish-Sweden culture.

ci = new CultureInfo("en-AU");
Console.WriteLine(str2, ci.DisplayName, ci.Name);

Console.WriteLine("Case sensitive:");
result = abcARing.EndsWith(capitalARing, false, ci);
Console.WriteLine(str3, result);

Console.WriteLine("Case insensitive:");
result = abcARing.EndsWith(capitalARing, true, ci);
Console.WriteLine(str3, result);
}
}

35. Write a C# Sharp program to determine whether a string ends with a particular substring.
The results are affected by the choice of culture, whether case is ignored, and whether an ordinal
comparison is performed.
using System;
using System.Threading;

class Example43
{
public static void Main()
{
string str = "Determine whether a string ends with another string, " +
"using\n different values of StringComparison.";

StringComparison[] scValues = {
StringComparison.CurrentCulture,
StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase,
StringComparison.InvariantCulture,
StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase,
StringComparison.Ordinal,
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C# Programs on String C-Net
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase };

//
Console.Clear();
Console.WriteLine(str);

// Display the current culture because the culture-specific comparisons

// can produce different results with different cultures.
Console.WriteLine("The current culture is {0}.\n",
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name);

// Determine whether three versions of the letter I are equal to each other.
foreach (StringComparison sc in scValues)
{
Console.WriteLine("StringComparison.{0}:", sc);
Test("xyzPQR", "PQR", sc);
Test("xyzPQR", "PQR", sc);
Console.WriteLine();
}
}

protected static void Test(string x, string y, StringComparison comparison)

{
string resultFmt = "\"{0}\" {1} with \"{2}\".";
string result = "does not end";
//
if (x.EndsWith(y, comparison))
result = "ends";
Console.WriteLine(resultFmt, x, result, y);
}
}

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