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LAB Report # 3: Submitted by

The document is a lab report that determines the AFS grain fineness number of foundry sand. It describes using a sieve shaker to separate 500g of dried river sand by mesh size. The percentage of sand retained on each sieve was recorded and used to calculate the AFS number, which was 66.48, using the formula that divides the total product of percentages by the total retained weight. This number approximates the mesh size that the average sand grain could pass through.

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Usman Gujjar
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25 views4 pages

LAB Report # 3: Submitted by

The document is a lab report that determines the AFS grain fineness number of foundry sand. It describes using a sieve shaker to separate 500g of dried river sand by mesh size. The percentage of sand retained on each sieve was recorded and used to calculate the AFS number, which was 66.48, using the formula that divides the total product of percentages by the total retained weight. This number approximates the mesh size that the average sand grain could pass through.

Uploaded by

Usman Gujjar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB

REPORT # 3
Submitted By:
USMAN LIAQAT
17MME-S1-313

College of Engineering and Emerging Submitted To:


Technology, University of the Punjab Engr. FARAZ
HUSSAIN
Objective:
To determine the AFS grain fineness number of the foundry sand.

Background History:
Grain Fineness Number. A system developed by AFS for rapidly expressing the
average grain size of a given sand. It approximates the number of meshes per inch of that
sieve that would just pass the sample if its grains of uniform size. For the analysis of the sand
a high-performance vibratory sieve shaker is used. Its motion is in such a way
(vertical/horizontal). The sand grains pass through the sieves which are stacked above one
another on the basis of their increasing mesh number.
AFS number is calculated using formula.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
𝐴𝐹𝑆 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 % 𝑤𝑡. 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑠
Mesh number:
Number of openings per square inch of the sieve is its mesh number. Smaller the
mesh number larger the grain size able to pass through it.

Aperture size:
The diameter of opening of the mesh through which grain passes is called aperture
size.

Principle:
The sand whose AFS number is to be found is places in the sieve shaker. Due to the
vibratory motion sand pass through the sieves. Grains are separated on the basis of their size.
Larger grains are retained in sieve with smaller aperture size. And sand grains are separated
according to their fineness number.

Figure 1: sieve shaker.


2
Procedure:
 The given foundry sand (river sand) was taken and driedproperly. About 500 grams of
sand was weighed for the procedure.
 The sieves were taken and stacked according to their decreasing mesh numbers after
cleaning them properly.
 Sand was placed on the shaker sieve. The sieves started vibratory motion. The
shakerwas left turned on for 15 minutes.
 After 15 minutes the shaker wasturned off and the sieves were separated. Each sieve
had sand grains in them.
 The sand on each was weighed and multiplied with factor 2 (to get percentage). All
the percentages were added to calculate total % wt. retained on each sieve.
 AFS grain number was calculated using formula.

Observation and calculations:

Table 1: data analysis of percentage weight retained of foundry sand on each sieve
Mesh no. Aperture size Weight of sand % wt. Multiplier Product
retained by retained by factor
each sieve each sieve

Microns Gm Gm

6 3350 0 0 3 0
12 1700 0 0 5 0
20 850 5 10 10 100
30 600 8 16 20 320
40 425 36 72 30 2160
50 300 210 420 40 16800
70 212 98 196 50 9800
100 150 59 118 70 8260
140 106 25 50 100 5000
200 75 33 66 140 9240
270 53 15 30 200 6000
PAN - 11 22 400 8800
TOTAL 1000 66480

3
Results:
Following formula is used to calculate the AFS grain fineness number:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
𝐴𝐹𝑆 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 % 𝑤𝑡. 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑠
= 66480/100
= 66.48
So, the grain size number of the sand under testing is 66.48.

Discussion:
Separation of the sand particles entirely depends on the mesh number of the given
sieves. The smaller mesh number indicates larger aperture size and coarse sand particles can
easily pass through the sieve. However, larger mesh number have smaller aperture size and
coarse sand grains which are not able to pass through the mesh are retained which gives the
percentage weight retained on the sieve.

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