EET 424 POWER ELECTRONIC FOR ENERGY SYSTEM

Tutorial Solution: inverter

Some of the equations for the solutions are not given, please refer to the textbook, “Power Electronics, Daniel W.
Hart”

1) The square wave inverter of figure below has Vdc=125V, an output frequency of 60Hz,
and a resistive load of 12.5Ω. Sketch the curents in the load, each switch, and the
source, and determine the average and rms values of each.

Solution

Load: I avg  0, I rms  10 A.

Switches: I avg  5 A., I rms  I m D  10 0.5  7.07 A.
Source : I avg  I rms  10 A. (See Example 2-4)
EET 424 POWER ELECTRONIC FOR ENERGY SYSTEM

2) A square-wave inverter has a dc source of 96V and an output frequency of 60Hz.the

load is a series RL load with R=5Ω and L=100mH. When the load is first energized, a
transient precedes the steady-state waveform by equation,

 Vdc  V  T
   I min  dc  e  t /  for 0  t 
 R  R  2

i o (t)  
 V
 V  t T / 2 / 
  I max  dc  e
 T
dc
for  t  T.

 R  R  2

a) Determine the peak value of the steady state current.

b) Assuming zero initial current, determine the maximum current thet occurs during
the transient.

Solution

Vdc  1  e T /2  L 0.1 1 V 96

I max   ;     0.02s.; T  ; dc   19.2 A.
R  1  e T /2  R 5 60 R 5
 0.341 
I max  19.2    3.94 A.
 1.66) 
V
b) From Eq. 8  1: io (t )  dc  Ae t /
R
V
io (0)  0  A   dc
R
io (t )  dc 1  e t / 
V
R
i (T / 2)  19.2 1  e 1/2.4   6.54 A.
EET 424 POWER ELECTRONIC FOR ENERGY SYSTEM

3) The dc source supplying an inverter with a bipolar PWM output is 96V. the load is an RL
series combination with R=32Ω and L=24mH. The output has a fundamental frequency
of 60Hz.
a. Specify the amplitude modulation to provide a 54V rms fundamental frequency
output.
b. If the frequency modulation ratio is 17, determine the total harmonic distortion
of the load current.

Solution

V1  V1,rms 2  54 2  76.8 V .

V1 76.8
ma    0.8
Vdc 96

Z n  R  jn0 L  32  jn 2 60 .024   32  jn9.05

From Table 8-3,

n Vn/Vdc Vn Zn In=Vn/Zn
1 0.8 76.8 33.3 2.30
mf 17 0.82 78.7 157 0.50
mf - 2 15 0.22 21.1 139 0.151
mf + 2 19 0.22 21.1 175 0.121

2 2 2
 0.50   0.151   0.121 
     
 2   2   2 
THD   0.23  23%
2.30
2

ma=1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
n=1 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10
n = mf 0.6 0.71 0.82 0.92 1.01 1.08 1.15 1.20 1.24 1.27
n = mf ± 2 0.32 0.27 0.22 0.17 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.00
EET 424 POWER ELECTRONIC FOR ENERGY SYSTEM

4) The dc source supplying an inverter with a bipolar PWM output is 250V. the load is an RL
series combination with R=20Ω and L=50mH. The output has a fundamental frequency
of 60Hz.
a. Specify the amplitude modulation to provide a 160V rms fundamental frequency
output.
b. If the frequency modulation ratio is 31, determine the total harmonic distortion
of the load current.

Solution

V1  V1,rms 2  160 2  226.3 V .

V1 226.3
ma    0.9
Vdc 250

Z n  R  jn0 L  20  jn 2 60 .050   20  jn18.85

From Table 8-3,

n Vn/Vdc Vn Zn In=Vn/Zn
1 0.9 225 27.5 8.18
mf 31 0.71 178 585 0.305
mf-2 29 0.27 67 547 0.122
mf+2 33 0.27 67 622 0.108

2 2 2
 0.305   0.122   0.108 
     
 2   2   2 
THD   0.044  4.4%
8.18
2
EET 424 POWER ELECTRONIC FOR ENERGY SYSTEM

5) Design an inverter that has a PWM output across an RL series load with R=10Ω and
L=20mH. The fundamental frequency of the output voltage must be 120V rms at 60Hz,
and the total harmonic distortion of the load current must be less than 8%. Specify the
dc input voltage, the amplitude modulation ratio ma, and the switchng frequency.

Solution

Let ma  0.9,

Vm 120 2
Vdc    189 V .
ma 0.9

Using Table 8-3, at n  m f , Vmf  0.71189   134 V .

for THD  8%, I mf  0.08 I1

V1 120 2 120 2
I1     13.6 A.
Z1 10  j 2 60  0.020  12.5

I mf  0.08 13.6   1.09 A.

Vmf 134
Z mf    123   m f 0 L
I mf 1.09

123 123
mf    16.4
0 L 377  0.020 

Choose odd integer 19 or greater for m f .

EET 424 POWER ELECTRONIC FOR ENERGY SYSTEM

6) A six step three phase inverter has a 250 V source nd an output frequency of 60 Hz. A
balance Y-connected load consists of a series 25 Ω resistance and 20 mH inductance in
each phase. Determine:
a. The rms value of the 60 Hz component of load current
b. The THD of the load current.

Solution

2Vdc     2    500 
a) V1, L  N   2  cos    cos      3  3  159 V .
3  3  3   

V1 159 159
I1     6.09 A.
Z1 25  j 377  0.020  26.1

I1
I1,rms   4.31 A.
2

7) A six step three phase inverter has an adjustable dc input. The load is a balanced Y
connection with a series RL combination in each phase, with R = 5Ω and L = 50mH. The
output frequency frequency is to be varied between 30 and 60 Hz.
a. Determine the range of the dc input voltage required to maintain the
fundamental frequency component of current at 10A rms.

Solution

At f  30 Hz , Z1  10.7 , V1  I1Z1  10 2 10.7   151 V . 
2Vdc     2 
V1, L  N   2  cos    cos     Vdc  0.637 
3   
3  3 

V1, L  N 151
Vdc    237 V .
0.637 0.637


At f  60 Hz , Z1  19.5 , V1  I1Z1  10 2 19.5   276 V 
276
Vdc   433 V .
0.637