11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

Deploy a machine learning model using

ask
Hemang Vyas Follow
Nov 30, 2018 · 5 min read

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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

source

As a beginner in machine learning, it might be easy for anyone to get

enough resources about all the algorithms for machine learning and deep
learning but when I started to look for references to deploy ML model to
production I did not find really any good resources which could help me to
deploy my model as I am very new to this field. So, when I succeeded to
deploy my model using Flask as an API, I decided to write an article to help
others to simply deploy their model. I hope it helps:)

In this article, we are going to use simple linear regression algorithm with
scikit-learn for simplicity, we will use Flask as it is a very light web
framework. We will create three files,

1. model.py

2. server.py

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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

3. request.py

In a model.py file, we will develop and train our model, in a server.py, we

will code to handle POST requests and return the results and finally in the
request.py, we will send requests with the features to the server and receive
the results.

Let’s begin the coding part

1. model.py

As I mentioned above, in this file we will develop our ML model and train it.
We will predict the salary of an employee based on his/her experience in
the field. You can find the dataset here.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
import pickle
import requests
import json

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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

Importing the libraries that we are going to use to develop our model.
numpy and pandas to manipulate the matrices and data respectively,
sklearn.model_selection for splitting data into train and test set and
sklearn.linear_model to train our model using LinearRegression. pickle to
save our trained model to the disk, requests to send requests to the server
and json to print the result in our terminal.

dataset = pd.read_csv('Salary_Data.csv')
X = dataset.iloc[:, :-1].values
y = dataset.iloc[:, 1].values

We have imported the dataset using pandas and separated the features and
label from the dataset.

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size =

0.33, random_state = 0)

In this section, we have split our data into train and test size of 0.67 and
0.33 respectively using train_test_split from sklearn.

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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

regressor = LinearRegression()
regressor.fit(X_train, y_train)

y_pred = regressor.predict(X_test)

The object is instantiated as a regressor of the class LinearRegression() and

trained using X_train and y_train. Latter the predicted results are stored in
the y_pred.

pickle.dump(regressor, open('model.pkl','wb'))

We will save our trained model to the disk using the pickle library. Pickle is
used to serializing and de-serializing a Python object structure. In which
python object is converted into the byte stream. dump() method dumps the
object into the file specified in the arguments.

In our case, we want to save our model so that it can be used by the server.
So we will save our object regressor to the file named model.pkl.

We can again load the model by the following method,

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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

model = pickle.load(open('model.pkl','rb'))
print(model.predict([[1.8]]))

pickle.load() method loads the method and saves the deserialized bytes to
model. Predictions can be done using model.predict().

For example, we can predict the salary of the employee who has experience
of 1.8 years.

Here, our model.py is ready to train and save the model. The whole code of
model.py is as follows.

# Importing the libraries

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
import pickle
import requests
import json

# Importing the dataset

dataset = pd.read_csv('Salary_Data.csv')
X = dataset.iloc[:, :-1].values
y = dataset.iloc[:, 1].values

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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

# Splitting the dataset into the Training set and Test set
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size =
1/3, random_state = 0)

# Fitting Simple Linear Regression to the Training set

regressor = LinearRegression()
regressor.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Predicting the Test set results

y_pred = regressor.predict(X_test)

# Saving model to disk

pickle.dump(regressor, open('model.pkl','wb'))

# Loading model to compare the results

model = pickle.load(open('model.pkl','rb'))
print(model.predict([[1.8]]))

2. server.py

In this file, we will use the flask web framework to handle the POST
requests that we will get from the request.py.

Importing the methods and libraries that we are going to use in the code.

import numpy as np
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

import pickle

Here we have imported numpy to create the array of requested data, pickle
to load our trained model to predict.

In the following section of the code, we have created the instance of the
Flask() and loaded the model into the model.

app = Flask(__name__)

model = pickle.load(open('model.pkl','rb'))

Here, we have bounded /api with the method predict(). In which predict
method gets the data from the json passed by the requestor. model.predict()
method takes input from the json and converts it into 2D numpy array the
results are stored into the variable named output and we return this variable
after converting it into the json object using flasks jsonify() method.

@app.route('/api',methods=['POST'])
def predict():

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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

data = request.get_json(force=True)
prediction = model.predict([[np.array(data['exp'])]])
output = prediction[0]
return jsonify(output)

Finally, we will run our server by following code section. Here I have used
port 5000 and have set debug=True since if we get any error we can debug it
and solve it.

if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(port=5000, debug=True)

Here, our server is ready to serve the requests. Here is the whole code of the
server.py.

# Import libraries
import numpy as np
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
import pickle

app = Flask(__name__)

# Load the model

model = pickle.load(open('model.pkl','rb'))
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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

@app.route('/api',methods=['POST'])
def predict():
# Get the data from the POST request.
data = request.get_json(force=True)

# Make prediction using model loaded from disk as per the data.
prediction = model.predict([[np.array(data['exp'])]])

# Take the first value of prediction

output = prediction[0]

return jsonify(output)

if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(port=5000, debug=True)

3. request.py

As I mentioned earlier that request.py is going to request the server for the
predictions.

Here is the whole code to make a request to the server.

import requests

url = 'http://localhost:5000/api'

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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

r = requests.post(url,json={'exp':1.8,})
print(r.json())

We have used requests library to make post requests. requests.post() takes

URL and the data to be passed in the POST request and the returned results
from the servers are stored into the variable r and printed by r.json().

Conclusion
We have created three files model.py, server.py and request.py to train and
save a model, to handle the request, to make a request to the server
respectively.

After coding all of these files, the sequence to execute the files should be
model.py, server.py(in a separate terminal) and at the end request.py.

You can compare the results of prediction with a model.py as we printing the
result at the end of the file.

You can find all the coding in my Github repository, flask-salary-predictor.

Don’t hesitate to flow your ideas in the comment section below.

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11/10/2019 Deploy a machine learning model using flask - Towards Data Science

Thank you :)

Machine Learning Flask Data Science Python Deployment

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