SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

USING IoT

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements

of the degree of

ELECTRONICS AND
TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BY
KHAN SHAUZAB (14DET89)
ALIASGAR LIGHTWALA (14DET91)
NAIK NADEEM (14DET96)
KHAN SHAHNAWAZ (14DET87)

SUPERVISOR
PROF. SIRAJ PATHAN

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

ANJUMAN I ISLAM KALSEKAR TECHNICAL

CAMPUS
2016-2017
 PROJECT REPORT APPROVAL FOR B.E.
This project report entitled “SMART WASTEMANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING
IoT” is approved for the degree of ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING.

EXAMINER

1)-------------------------------

2)-------------------------------

SUPERVISOR

1)-------------------------------

HOD

1)-------------------------------

DATE: 22nd ARIL 2017.

PLACE: PANVEL.
 TABLE CONTENT
CONTENT PAGE NOS

ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION---------------------------------------------------------3

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY-------------------------------------------------5

CHAPTER 3: BLOCK DIAGRAM------------------------------------------------------ 6

CHAPTER 4: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-----------------------------------------------------7

CHAPTER 5: WORKING-----------------------------------------------------------------8

CHAPTER 6: WHY IOT ?---------------------------------------------------------------------10

CHAPTER 7: HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS------------------------------------------13

 7.1. RASPBERRY PI-------------------------------------------------------------------14

 7.2.ULTRASONIC SENSOR---------------------------------------------------------17

CHAPTER 8: CODING------------------------------------------------------------------------20

 8.1. INTERFACING RASPBERRY PI WITH ULTRASONIC

 SENSOR-----------------------------------------------------------------------------21
 8.1.1 PYTHON PROGAMMING----------------------------------------------------22
 8.2. SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION
 DEVELOPMENT------------------------------------------------------------------24
 8.2.1. PROGRAMMING FOR ACESSING DATABASE------------------------26
 8.2.2 MY ACTIVITY------------------------------------------------------------------32
 8.2.3. PROGRAMMING FOR CONNECTING APPLICATION
TO THE INTERNET-----------------------------------------------------------39

CHAPTER 9: LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM---------------------------------41

CHAPTER 10: ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM----------------------------42

CHAPTER 11: CONCLUSIONCHAPTER ------------------------------------------------43

CHAPTER12: REFERENCES----------------------------------------------------------------44
1
 ABSTRACT
In the present day scenario, many times we see that the garbage bins or Dust bin are
placed at public places in the cities are overflowing due to increase in the waste every
day. It creates unhygienic condition for the people and creates bad smell around the
surroundings this leads in spreading some deadly diseases & human illness, to avoid
such a situation we are planning to design “Smart Waste Management System using
IoT”. In this proposed System there are multiple dustbins located throughout the city
or the Campus,these dustbins are provided with low cost embedded device which
helps in tracking the level of the garbage bins and an unique ID will be provided for
every dustbin in the city so that it is easy to identify which garbage bin is full. When
the level reaches the threshold limit, the device will transmit the level along with the
unique ID provided. These details can be accessed by the concern authorities from
their place with the help of Internet and an immediate action can be made to clean the
dustbins.

2
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Things that are connected to Internet and sometimes these devices can be controlled
from the internet is commonly called as Internet of Things. The Internet of Things
(IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are connected through wired and
wireless networks without user intervention. In the field of IoT, the objects
communicate and exchange information to provide advanced intelligent services for
users. Owing to the recent advances in mobile devices equipped with various sensors
and communication modules, together with communication network technologies such
as Wi-Fi and LTE, the IoT has gained considerable academic interests. Owing to the
characteristics and merits of IoT services, waste management has also become a
significant issue in academia, industry, and government as major IoT application
fields. An indiscriminate and illegal discharge of waste, an absence of waste disposal
and management systems, and inefficient waste management policies have caused
serious environmental problems and have incurred considerable costs for waste
disposal. In our system, the Smart dust bins are connected to the internet to get the real
time information of the smart dustbins. In the recent years, there was a rapid growth in
population which leads to more waste disposal. So a proper waste management system
is necessary to avoid spreading some deadly diseases. Managing the smart bins by
monitoring the status of it and accordingly taking the decision. This waste is further
picked up by the municipal corporations to finally dump it in dumping areas and
landfills. But due to lack of resources, ineffective groundwork, some waste is not
collected which poses serious health hazard to the surrounding environment. Proper
cleaning intervals may provide a solution to this problem. But keeping a track of the
status of the bin manually is a very difficult job. There are multiple dustbins are
located throughout the city or the Campus In our system, the Smart dust bins are
connected to the internet to get the real time information of the smart dustbins. These
dustbins are interfaced with raspberry pi based system with ultrasonic sensors. Where
the ultrasonic sensor detects the level of the dust in dustbin and sends the signals to
raspberry pi the same signal are encoded and send to the application and it is received.

3
The data has been received, analyzed and processed in the database, which displays
the status of the Garbage in the dustbin on the application of authoritized person
mobile. The concerned authority get alert about dustbin is full and informs person
whoever is responsible for collecting garbage from the particular areas. The garbage
trucks collect the garbage from the completely full dustbin and dispose it.

4
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
Seven reports were reviewed in detail for the literature review, with the majority of
these providing some evidence to support the theory that the introduction of waste
collections is associated with a reduction in waste arisings. The following text should
be reviewed with consideration given to the fact that these studies were not
specifically designed to assess the impact of waste collections on at source food waste
reduction. Therefore, evidence is taken from these reports to be used in different
context from that in which it was collected. For example, a common theme across all
of the reports was the fact that where a reduction in food waste arisings had been
observed, there was limited data to confirm how much food waste had simultaneously
been diverted from the residual waste stream to home composting and how much was
a result of at source waste prevention behaviour. A number of the reports considered
the diversion of waste to home composting, as a contributor to waste reduction, as this
reduced the food waste arisings collected at the kerbside. Overall the reports
demonstrate that while there is some evidence to support the theory that implementing
a waste collection can lead to an overall reduction in collected waste, there is
currently no significant evidence to demonstrate to what extent this is due to
prevention at source as opposed to diversion to home composting. A number of the
reports support the need for further research in this area.

5
 CHAPTER 3

BLOCK DIAGRAM

MOBILE APPLICATION

POWER RASPBERRY DUSTBIN WITH

SUPPLY PI 3 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
 CHAPTER 4

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

7
 CHAPTER 5

WORKING
This project Smart Waste Management using IOTis a very innovative system which
will help to keep the cities clean. This system monitors the garbage bins and informs
about the level of garbage collected in the garbage bins via a mobile application. For
this the system uses ultrasonic sensors placed over the bins to detect the garbage level
and compare it with the garbage bins depth. The system makes use of Raspberry Pi for
sending data . The system is powered by a 12V power supply. An application is built
to show the status to the user monitoring it. The application gives a view of the
garbage bins and highlights the garbage collected in colour in order to show the level
of garbage collected.. Thus this system helps to keep the city clean by informing about
the garbage levels of the bins by providing image of the bins via IOT application
development platform. The authorized person recevies the indication of garbage
dustbin is full through the application and then inform the concerned person who is
responsible for the collection of garbage where the garbage bin is full in particular
areas. The data get stored in the database created and than the data is retrieve In IoT
applied to external and public environments, communication is important for service
provisioning. In particular, since this type of IoT has a wide service domain, reliable
communication is necessary for devices to communicate with each other. Therefore,
the SGBs utilized in the proposed system communicate with each other based on a
wireless mesh network , securing communication reliability. IoT devices in an external
environment may need to move on occasion. With a battery-based power supply, the
mobility of the proposed system is secured. In IoT with a wide service domain, data
exchanges and services should be conducted seamlessly at any time and any location.
User convenience has been enhanced with the advent of IoT.

8
9
 CHAPTER 6
WHY IOT ?
The Internet of Things (IoTs) can be described as connecting everyday objects like
smart-phones, Internet TVs, sensors and actuators to the Internet where the devices are
intelligently linked together enabling new forms of communication between things and
people, and between things themselves. Building IoTs has advanced significantly in
the last couple of years since it has added a new dimension to the world of information
and communication technologies. It is expected that the number of devices connected
to the Internet will accumulate from 100.4 million in 2011 to 2.1 billion by the year
2021, growing at a rate of 36% per year. In the year 2011, 80% machine to machine
(M2M) connections were made over mobile networks such as 2G and 3G and it is
predicted that by 2021, this ratio will increase to 93% since the cost related with M2M
over mobile networks are generally cheaper than fixed networks. Now anyone, from
anytime and anywhere can have connectivity for anything and it is expected that these
connections will extend and create an entirely advanced dynamic network of IoTs.

The development of the Internet of Things will revolutionize a number of sectors,

from automation, transportation, energy, healthcare, financial services to
nanotechnology. IoTs technology can also be applied to create a new concept and wide
development space for smart homes to provide intelligence, comfort and to improve
the quality of life. In general, the IoT promotes a heightened level of awareness about
our world, and a platform from which to monitor the reactions to the changing
conditions that said awareness exposes us to. And, like the advent of the Internet itself,
the IoT enables myriad applications ranging from the micro to the macro, and from the
trivial to the critical. Since we’re focusing here on why the IoT is important, let’s turn
our attention to the “macro” and the “critical” first, and look at some provocative ideas
that are already in development across the globe. Environmental monitoring
applications of the IoT typically use sensors to assist in environmental protection by
monitoring air or water quality atmospheric or soil conditions and can even include
areas like monitoring the movements of wildlife and their habitats. Development of
resource constrained devices connected to the Internet also means that other
applications like earthquake or tsunami early-warning systems can also be used by

10
emergency services to provide more effective aid. IoT devices in this application
typically span a large geographic area and can also be mobile. It has been argued that
the standardization IoT brings to wireless sensing will revolutionize this area.

Monitoring controlling operations of urban and rural infrastructures like bridges,

railway tracks, on- and offshore- wind-farms is a key application of the IoT. The IoT
infrastructure can be used for monitoring any events or changes in structural
conditions that can compromise safety and increase risk. It can also be used for
scheduling repair and maintenance activities in an efficient manner, by coordinating
tasks between different service providers and users of these facilities. IoT devices can
also be used to control critical infrastructure like bridges to provide access to ships.
Usage of IoT devices for monitoring and operating infrastructure is likely to improve
incident management and emergency response coordination, and quality of service,
up-times and reduce costs of operation in all infrastructure related areas. Even areas
such as waste management can benefit from automation and optimization that could be
brought in by the IoT. Integration of sensing and actuation systems, connected to the
Internet, is likely to optimize energy consumption as a whole. It is expected that IoT
devices will be integrated into all forms of energy consuming devices (switches, power
outlets, bulbs, televisions, etc.) and be able to communicate with the utility supply
company in order to effectively balance power generation and energy usage. Such
devices would also offer the opportunity for users to remotely control their devices, or
centrally manage them via a cloud based interface, and enable advanced functions like
scheduling (e.g., remotely powering on or off heating systems, controlling ovens,
changing lighting conditions etc.).Besides home based energy management, the IoT is
especially relevant to the Smart Grid since it provides systems to gather and act on
energy and power-related information in an automated fashion with the goal to
improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and
distribution of electricity. Using advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) devices
connected to the Internet backbone, electric utilities can not only collect data from
end-user connections, but also manage other distribution automation devices like
transformers and reclosers.

11
 IoT device can be used to enable remote health monitoring and emergency
notification systems These health monitoring devices can range from blood pressure
and heart rate monitors to advanced devices capable of monitoring specialized
implants, such as pacemakers, Fitbit electronic wristbands or advanced hearing
aids. Specialized sensors can also be equipped within living spaces to monitor the
health and general well-being of senior citizens, while also ensuring that proper
treatment is being administered and assisting people regain lost mobility via therapy as
well.[Other consumer devices to encourage healthy living, such as, connected scales
or wearable heart monitors, are also a possibility with the IoT. More and more end-to-
end health monitoring IoT platforms are coming up for antenatal and chronic patients,
helping one manage health vitals and recurring medication requirements.

12
 CHAPTER 7

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

13
 7.1. RASPBERRYPI-3

The Raspberry-Pi is series of credit card-sized single-boardcomputers developed in

the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of
basic computer science in schools and developing countries.Several generations of
Raspberry Pis have been released. The first generation Raspberry Pi 1 Model B was
released in February 2012. It was followed by a simpler and inexpensive model Model
A. In 2014 the foundation released a board with an improved design in Raspberry Pi 1
Model B+. The model laid the current "mainline" form-factor. Improved A+ and B+
models were released a year later. A cut down "compute" model was released in April
2014,and a raspberrypi zero with smaller size and limited input/output (I/O), general-
purpose input/output (GPIO), abilities released in November 2015 for US$5.
The Raspberry Pi 2 which added more RAM was released in February
2015. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B released in February 2016 is bundled with on-
board WiFi and Bluetooth. As of 2016, Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is the newest mainline
Raspberry Pi. These boards are priced between US $20-35.All models
features Broadcom system on chip, which includes an ARM compatible central
processing unit (CPU) and an on chip graphics processing unit (GPU,
a VideoCore IV). CPU speed ranges from 700 MHz to 1.2 GHz for the Pi 3 and on
board memory range from 256 MB to 1 GB RAM. Secure Digital (SD) cards are used
to store the operating system and program memory in either the SDHC or MicroSDHC
sizes. Most boards have between one and four USB slots, HDMIand composite
video output, and a 3.5 mm phone jack for audio. Lower level output is provided by a
number of GPIO pins which support common protocols like I²C. The B-models have
an 8P8C Ethernet port and the Pi 3 has on board Wi-Fi 802.11n and Bluetooth.The
Foundation provides Raspbian, a Debian-based Linux distribution for download, as
well as third party Ubuntu, Windows 10 IOT Core, RISC OS, and specialised media
center distributions. It promotes Python and Scratch as the main programming
language, with support for many other languages. The default firmware is closed
source, while an unofficial open source is available.In February 2016, the Raspberry Pi
Foundation announced that they had sold eight million devices, making it the best-
selling UK personal computer, ahead of the Amstrad PCW. Sales reached ten million
in September 2016. While operating at 700 MHz by default, the first generation
Raspberry Pi provided a real-world performance roughly equivalent to
0.041 GFLOPS. On the CPU level the performance is similar to a 300 MHz Pentium
IIof 1997–99. The GPU provides 1 Gpixel/s or 1.5 Gtexel/s of graphics processing or
24 GFLOPS of general purpose computing performance. The graphical capability of
the Raspberry Pi are roughly equivalent to the performance of the Xbox of 2001.

The LINPACK single node compute benchmark results in a mean single precision
performance of 0.065 GFLOPS and a mean double precision performance of
0.041 GFLOPS for one Raspberry Pi Model-B board. A cluster of 64 Raspberry Pi
Model B computers, labeled "Iridis-pi", achieved a LINPACK HPL suite result of

15
1.14 GFLOPS (n=10240) at 216 watts for c. US$4000.Raspberry Pi 2 includes a quad-
core Cortex-A7 CPU running at 900 MHz and 1 GB RAM. It is described as 4–6 times
more powerful than its predecessor. The GPU is identical to the original. In
parallelized benchmarks, the Raspberry Pi 2 could be up to 14 times faster than a
Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+.The Raspberry Pi 3, with a quad-core Cortex-A53 processor,
is described as 10 times the performance of a Raspberry Pi 1. This was suggested to be
highly dependent upon task threading and instruction set use. Benchmarks showed the
Raspberry Pi 3 to be approximately 80% faster than the Raspberry Pi 2 in parallelized
tasks.

16
 7.2. ULTRASONIC SENSOR

In industrial applications, ultrasonic sensors are characterized by

their reliability and outstanding versatility. Ultrasonic sensors can be used to
solve even the most complex tasks involving object detection or level
measurement with millimetre precision, because their measuring method works
reliably .No other measuring method can be successfully put to use on such a
wide scale and in so many different applications. The devices are extremely
robust, making them suitable for even the toughest conditions. The sensor
surface cleans itself through vibration, and that is not the only reason why the
sensor is insensitive to dirt. The physical principle the propagation of sound
works, with a few exceptions,practicallyanyenvironment.The measuring method
employed by ultrasonic sensors has been viewed as an excessively complex
technology, and only used as a solution for particularly difficult applications.
Ultrasonic sensors have proven their reliability and endurance in virtually
all industrialsectors.

17
These sectors include:

 Mechanical engineering/machine tool

 Food and beverage
 Woodworking and furniture
 Building materials
 Agriculture
 Construction
 Pulp and paper
 Material handling
 Level measurement

 Diffuse and Retroreflective Mode Sensors.

Ultrasonic sensors are most commonly used in the diffuse mode. A single
ultrasonic transducer is used as both emitter and receiver and is typically
contained in the same housing as the evaluation electronics.To reliably detect
difficult objects, the majority of our diffuse mode sensors can be converted to
retroreflective operation via software parameterization. Some ultrasonic sensors
are supplied as retroreflective sensors from the outset.

 Thru-Beam Sensors.

Ultrasonic thru-beam sensors feature an extremely powerful acoustic beam.

They offer a large detection range within compact housing dimensions. Unlike
diffuse and retroreflective models, these sensors do not continuously switch
between transmission and reception modes or wait for an echo signal to arrive.
Thus, their response time is considerably faster, resulting in very high switching
frequencies.

18
  Double Sheet Sensors.

Double sheet sensors are ultrasonic thru-beam sensors that have been optimized
specifically for sheet feed applications, including double sheet detection, label
counting, and splice detection.Double sheet and double material sensors
distinguish between empty gaps, one, and two layers of material, including
paper, metals, wooden boards, and glass panes.When performing label detection
tasks, the sensors can distinguish between the label backing and the base
material.

19
CHAPTER 8

CODING

20
8.1. INTERFACING RASPBERRY PI WITH
ULTRASONIC SENSOR

21
 8.1.1 PYTHON PROGAMMING
#set GPIO direction (IN / OUT)
GPIO.setup(GPIO_TRIGGER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(GPIO_ECHO, GPIO.IN)

def distance():
# set Trigger to HIGH
GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, True)

# set Trigger after 0.01ms to LOW

time.sleep(0.00001)
GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, False)

StartTime = time.time()
StopTime = time.time()

# save StartTime
while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 0:
StartTime = time.time()
# save time of arrival
while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 1:
StopTime = time.time()
# time difference between start and arrival
TimeElapsed = StopTime – StartTime
# multiply with the sonic speed (34300 cm/s)
# and divide by 2, because there and back
distance = (TimeElapsed * 34300) / 2

return distance

22
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
while True:
dist = distance()
print ("Measured Distance = %.1f cm" % dist)
percent = (100.0 - (dist * 100/40.0))
url =
"http://localhost:80/demoaddbin.php?bin_id=1&percent_filled="+str(percent)
x= urllib.urlopen(url)
print(x.read)
time.sleep(5)

# Reset by pressing CTRL + C

except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Measurement stopped by User")
GPIO.cleanup()

23
8.2. SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

24
25
 8.2.1 PROGRAMMING FOR ACESSING
DATABASE

package com.bin;

import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.media.RingtoneManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

26
public class GetData extends Service {
String BASE_URL = "http://dustbin.000webhostapp.com/";
String POPMOVIES_BASE_URL = BASE_URL + "getresponsefrombin.php";
SharedPreferences preferences;
SharedPreferences.Editor editor;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
Toast.makeText(this, "Service Called", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.d("Create:","called");
//addNotification();
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.d("onStartCommand:","called");
preferences = getSharedPreferences("DustBin",MODE_PRIVATE);
final Handler handler = new Handler();
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Log.d("handler","run();");
new DustbinTask().execute();
handler.postDelayed(this, 5000);
}
};
//Start
handler.postDelayed(runnable, 1000);
return START_STICKY;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.d("Destroy:","called");

27
super.onDestroy();
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.d("Bind:","called");
return null;
}
public class DustbinTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void,Void>{
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
Log.d("onPreExecute","initiate");
try {
if (!new Network(GetData.this).isConnected()) {
Log.d("onPreExecute","No Internet Available!!");
cancel(true);
}
}
catch (InterruptedException | IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
URL url;
String MoviesJsonStr;
try {
url = new URL(POPMOVIES_BASE_URL);
urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
urlConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
urlConnection.connect();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

28
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder()
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(line).append("\n");
}
MoviesJsonStr = buffer.toString();
getMovieNames(MoviesJsonStr);
} catch (IOException | JSONException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (urlConnection != null) {
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
if (reader != null) {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (final IOException ignored) {}
}
}
return null;
}
}
private void getMovieNames(String MovieJsonStr) throws JSONException {
JSONObject MovieJson = new JSONObject(MovieJsonStr);
JSONArray movieLists = MovieJson.getJSONArray("bin_info");
for (int i = 0; i < movieLists.length(); i++) {
JSONObject jMovieDetails = movieLists.getJSONObject(i);
String name = jMovieDetails.getString("bin_id");
int id = jMovieDetails.getInt("percent_filled");
Log.d("DATA", name + " " + id);
MainActivity.percent = id;
if(id>=80){

29
addNotification(id);
}
}
//Log.v("Length: ", String.valueOf(movieLists.length()));
}
//Show a notification
private void addNotification(int id) {
int min, max;
int percentage = preferences.getInt("last_percent",0);
min = percentage - 5;
max = percentage + 5;
if (min > id || id > max) {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
editor = preferences.edit();
editor.putInt("last_percent",id);
editor.apply();
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0/*Request code*/,
intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT);
//Set sound of notification
Uri notificationSound =
RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
NotificationCompat.Builder notifiBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher
.setContentTitle(id + "% Dustbin Full")
.setContentText("Please clear your trash")
.setAutoCancel(true)
.setSound(notificationSound)
.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager)
getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notificationManager.notify(999 /*ID of notification*/, notifiBuilder.build());
//stopSelf()

30
} else {
Log.d("addNotification","condition false");
}
}
}

31
 8.2.2 MY ACTIVITY
package com.bin;

import android.app.AlarmManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;

32
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Locale;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

public static int percent = 0;
ImageView image;
TextView text;
SharedPreferences preferences;

/* EditText ipET;*/

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//startAlert();
startService(new Intent(this, GetData.class));
sharedPreference();
image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.dustbinimage);
text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textpercent);
/* ipET = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.ipAddr);*/
if (percent < 25) {
text.setText("EMPTY");
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_empty);
} else if (percent < 50) {
\ text.setText(percent + "% FULL");
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_30);
} else if (percent < 75) {
text.setText(percent + "% FULL");
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_60);

33
} else if (percent < 100) {
text.setText(percent + "% FULL");
text.setTextColor(Color.BLUE);
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_full);
} else {
text.setText("FULL");
text.setTextColor(Color.RED);
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_full);
new GetPercentage(this).execute();
}
private void sharedPreference() {
preferences = getSharedPreferences("DustBin",MODE_PRIVATE);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = preferences.edit();
editor.putInt("last_percent",0);
editor.apply();
}
public void startAlert() {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyBroadcastReceiver.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
this.getApplicationContext(), 234324243, intent, 0);
AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager)
getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
//alarmManager.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,
System.currentTimeMillis() + (10000), pendingIntent);
alarmManager.setInexactRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,
System.currentTimeMillis() + 1000, 1000, pendingIntent);
}
public void btnRefresh(View view) {
new GetPercentage(this).execute();
}

34
class GetPercentage extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>{
String URI = "http://dustbin.000webhostapp.com/getresponsefrombin.php";
ProgressDialog progressDialog;
Context mContext;
GetPercentage(Context mContext) {
this.mContext = mContext;
progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(mContext);
progressDialog.setTitle("Refreshing...");
progressDialog.setMessage("Please wait...");
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute()
Log.d("onPreExecute","initiate");
try {
if (!new Network(mContext).isConnected()) {
Log.d("onPreExecute","No Internet Available!!");
cancel(true);
return;
}
} catch (InterruptedException | IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return;
}
progressDialog.show();
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
HttpURLConnection connection;
BufferedWriter writer;
InputStream is;

35
String response = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(URI);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.connect();
writer = new BufferedWriter(new
OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream()));
writer.flush();
writer.close();
if(connection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
is = connection.getInputStream();// is is inputstream
} else {
is = connection.getErrorStream();
}
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
is, "UTF-8"), 8);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line).append("\n");
}
is.close();
response = sb.toString();
Log.d("JSON", response);
} catch (IOException e) {
progressDialog.dismiss()
e.printStackTrace();
}

36
return response ;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
progressDialog.dismiss();
try {
JSONObject respJsonObject = new JSONObject(s);
JSONObject binInfo =
respJsonObject.getJSONArray("bin_info").getJSONObject(0);
percent = binInfo.getInt("percent_filled");
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = preferences.edit();
editor.putInt("last_percent",percent);
editor.apply();
if (percent < 25) {
text.setText("EMPTY");
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_empty);
} else if (percent < 50) {
text.setText(String.format(Locale.US,"%d%% FULL", percent));
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_30)
} else if (percent < 75) {
text.setText(String.format(Locale.US,"%d%% FULL", percent));
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_60);
} else if (percent < 100) {
text.setText(String.format(Locale.US,"%d%% FULL", percent));
text.setTextColor(Color.BLUE);
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_full);
} else {
text.setText("FULL");
text.setTextColor(Color.RED);
image.setImageResource(R.drawable.trash_icon_full);

37
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

38
 8.2.3. PROGRAMMING FOR CONNECTING
APPLICATION TO THE INTERNET

package com.bin;
import android.content.Context;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
* Created by Sylvester on 03-Mar-17.
*/

class Network {
private Context mContext;
Network(Context mContext) {
this.mContext = mContext;
}
private boolean isNetworkAvailable() {
final ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = ((ConnectivityManager)
mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE));
return connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo() != null &&
connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo().isConnected();
}
boolean isConnected() throws InterruptedException, IOException
{
if (isNetworkAvailable()) {
String command = "ping -c 1 google.com";
return (Runtime.getRuntime().exec (command).waitFor() == 0);

39
} else {
Log.d("isInternetAvailable", "No Network Connected");
return false;
}
}
}

40
 CHAPTER 9

LIMITATIONS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

 Time consuming and less effective: trucks go and empty containers

whether they are full or not.
 High costs.
 Unhygienic Environment and look of the city.
 Bad smell spreads and may cause illness to human beings.
 More traffic and Noise.

41
 CHAPTER 10

ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED

SYSTEM

• Real time information on the fill level of the dustbin.

• Deployment of dustbin based on the actual needs.

• Cost Reduction and resource optimization.

• Improves Environment quality

• Fewer smells

• Cleaner cities

• Intelligent management of the server.

• Effective usage of dustbins.

42
 CHAPTER 11

CONCLUSION
We have implemented real time waste management system by using smart
dustbins to check the fill level of smart dustbins whether the dustbin are full or
not. In this system the information of all smart dustbins can be accessed from
Anywhere and anytime by the concern person and he/she can take a decision
accordingly. By implementing this proposed system the cost reduction, resource
optimization, effective usage of smart dustbins can be done. This system
indirectly reducing traffic in the city. In major cities the garbage collection
vehicle visit the area’s everyday twice or thrice depends on the population of the
particular area and sometimes these dustbins may not be full. Our System will
inform the status of each and every dust bin in real time so that the concerned
authority can send the garbage collection vehicle only when the dustbin is full.
The scope for the future work is this system can be implemented with time
stamp in which real-time clock shown to the concern person at what time dust
bin is full and at what time the waste is collected from the smart dustbins.

43
 CHAPTER 12
REFERENCES
[1] KanchanMahajan, “Waste Bin Monitoring System Using Integrated
Technologies”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology, Issue 3, Issue 7, July 2014.

[2] M. Al-Maaded, N. K. Madi, Ramazan Kahraman, A. Hodzic, N. G. Ozerkan

, An Overview of Solid Waste Management and Plastic Recycling in
Qatar, Springer Journal of Polymers and the Environment, March 2012, Volume
20, Issue 1, pp 186-194.

[3]Raghumani Singh, C. Dey, M. Solid waste management of Thou bal

Municipality, Manipur- a case study Green Technology and Environmental
Conservation (GTEC 2011), 2011 International Conference Chennai 21 – 24

[4] Vikrant Bhor, “Smart Garbage management System International Journal of

Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 4 Issue 03,
March-20152000.

[5] Narayan Sharma,, “Smart Bin Implemented for Smart City”, International
Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 9,
September-2015

44