Name: MIKEE JANE SABILLO

Section: EDM-1

Time: 11:00-12:00 AM/ MWF

1. Explain the development of Philippine Arts.

The following shows the development of arts during Spanish era,American regime, Japanese
period, Modern era, and Contemporary up to present.

Arts for ritual purposes or for everyday use. As local communities become established, art starts
to go beyond mere craft, i.e. stone weapons or jewelry but starts to have decorative elements,
meaning and context. ISLAMIC ART 13AD Geometric designs Characterized by geometric designs
and patterns eliciting focus from believers

SPANISH ERA 1521-1898 Faith and Catechism When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in
1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images.
With communication as problem, the friars used images to explain the concepts behind
Catholicism, and to tell the stories of Christ’s life and passion. Damian Domingo AKA Damian
Gabor Domingo

• 1st Filipino to paint his face, the first self-portrait in the Philippines

• Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in the Philippines
(1821)

• "Father of Filipino Painting" ALIAS "The First Great Filipino Painter" He established the
Academia de Dibujo y Pintura in 1821.

AMERICAN ERA 1898-190 Secular Art Forms From one colonizer to another – after more than
three centuries of Spanish rule, the Americans came. They set out to conquer the Filipinos
through education and governance – the public school system and a system of government.
Classicism: Fabian dela Rosa (1869 – 1937) was the first painter of note for the 20th century. He
was noted for his realistic portraits, genre, and landscapes in subdued colors. He was enrolled at
the Escuela de Bellas Artes y Dibujo and took lessons from Lorenzo Guerrero. Modernism would
have its seeds planted in the 1890’s with Miguel Zaragosa’s two pointillist works. Emilio Alvero
later produced several Impressionist still life paintings. But it would take an architect to give
modernism its needed boost in the country. Juan Arellano would be known as an architect but
his Impressionist landscapes are as impressive as his buildings. Carlos “Botong” Francisco, (1913
– 1969), Angono-based painter, depicted Philippine history in his “History of Manila” mural at
the Manila City Hall.

JAPANESE ERA 1941-195 Orientalizing The arrival of the Japanese caused tremendous fear,
hardships and suffering among the Filipinos. The Filipino way of life was greatly affected during
the Japanese period. The Filipinos lost their freedom of speech and expression. The
development of art was also stopped. Filipinos greatly feared the "zoning". There were Filipinos
spies hired by the Japanese to point those who were suspected of being part of the guerilla
movement. The Japanese made some changes in the system of education. Under their rule, the
Japanese imposed their own music on the country. Japanese music was heard daily in radio
broadcasts. Their songs were also taught in public schools. Students, however, never took these
songs to [Link] response to the Japanese propaganda, Filipino painters reacted by producing
the following works: “A Day Begins” by Vicente Alvarez Dizon, 1942, genre scenes that seem
neutral. Yet there were still many artists who portrayed the atrocities of war in their collections
such as “Rape and Massacre in Ermita” by Diosdado Lorenzo

MODERN ERA 196-1969 National Identity Modern era in Philippine Art began after World War 2
and the granting of Independence. Writers and artists posed the question of national identity as
the main theme of various art forms. Modern art is characterized by the artist's intent to portray
a subject as it exists in the world, according to his or her unique perspective and is typified by a
rejection of accepted or traditional styles and values.

CONTEMPORARY 1970 up to present

Social Realism Contemporary art as the work of artists who are living in the 21st century.
Contemporary art mirrors contemporary culture and society, offering the general audiences a
rich resource through which to consider current ideas and rethink the familiar. The work of
contemporary artists is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts, and subjects
that challenges traditional boundaries and defies easy definition. Diverse and eclectic,
contemporary art is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform organizing principle, ideology, or
-ism.

2. What is the definition of arts in 19th century and 20th century.

Arts in 19th century emphasis on the poetic and its preference for the national past as well as
the emphasis on color for the painting technique is characteristic for this movement. Stimulated
by its enthusiasm for the Middle Ages and strengthened by advancing industrialism, historicism
developed in the 19th century, above all in architecture. As for painting, the artists were no
longer painting their pictures in studios, but out in the open air. This "plein air" painting was not
only the most significant trailblazer for impressionism, but also influenced realism, which in
France showed the physically taxing work of the lower classes and for this reason is often called
social "critical realism". As a counterreaction to this focus on the external world, symbolism
turned instead more to the interior world of feelings and non-realistic dreams. However;

The 20th century art was all about changing perspective. The artist’s way of seeing and
therefore understanding things has been changing and continues to do so even in this day and
age. The new, experimental approach to perspective was pursued both directly and implicitly.
Painters and sculptors had abandoned linear perspective and began discovering other ways of
representing reality, but furthermore, the very vantage point from which to observe and
comprehend art in general was changed as well. It was art’s way of breaking with tradition and
embracing a different approach to its disciplinarity, on the one hand, and reality on the other.
This radical shift was not only present in the art world, of course. Rather, it was similarly
embodied through other aspects of our society – economics, industry and social unrest. To all of
this, art was never blind, which is why it was always connected to life, even when it claimed
(and gained) independence.

3. Why Humanities is important?

Based on my research, humanities is important because the humanities help us understand
others through their languages, histories and [Link] foster social justice and equality.
And they reveal how people have tried to make moral, spiritual and intellectual sense of the
world. The humanities teach empathy. They teach us to deal critically and logically with
subjective, complex, imperfect information. And they teach us to weigh evidence skeptically and
consider more than one side of every question. Humanities students build skills in writing and
critical reading. The humanities encourage us to think creatively. They teach us to reason about
being human and to ask questions about our world. The humanities develop informed and
critical citizens. Without the humanities, democracy could not flourish.

I believe these claims and I know they are based on solid research. I see much more, too. For
example, I think that innovations based on research results in the natural sciences and medicine
are more likely to be successful if their implementation is carried out in collaboration with
humanists.

References:
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