MOTOTRBO™ System Training

Module 2 – System and Product Overview

Motorola Confidential Restricted, MOTOTRBO™ System Training – Release 1.7

MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2010
WHAT IS MOTOTRBO™

 MOTOTRBO is a new Motorola DMR solution

announced in 2007

 Based upon TDMA technology on a 12.5 Khz

channel following the ETSI DMR Tier 1 ,2 and 3 guidelines

 MotoTRBO has been developed to be

the next generation platforms and replace existing Analog
legacy systems

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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What is ETSI DMR

DMR (Digital Mobile Radio) is a globally-available open

digital radio standard of Professional Mobile Radio users.
The Standard was developed by the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
Provides 2 time slots by using TDMA over a one channel
12.5Khz license.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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Module Objectives

Upon completion of this module, participants will be able to:

– Describe the MOTOTRBO portfolio

– Explain MOTOTRBO system features

– Describe data application components

– Describe data applications capabilities

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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 IP LINKED CAPACITY MAX
CONVENTIONAL CAPACITY PLUS
SITE CONNECT CAPACITY PLUS CONNECT PLUS

SYSTEMS

Module 2 - 5
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
ENTRY PROFESSIONAL
COMMERCIAL SPECIALIZED
PROFESSIONAL ENHANCED
Mototrbo portofolio
SUBSCRIBER RADIOS

COMMAND & VOICE

CARRY AUDIO
CONTROL DISPATCH

LOCATION
SAFETY
ACCESSORIES

SERVICES
ELCOMPLUS
MOBILE BLUETOOTH
SMARTPPT PLUS

SYSTEM TEXT MSG &

MONITORING EMAIL
STRATEGIC APPLICATIONS

NEOCOM
ANTENNAS ENERGY
TRBONET PLUS
WORK ORDER INTEROP
APPLICATION DEVELOPER PROGRAM

MGT SOLUTIONS
 Topic 1 – Introduction

MOTOTRBO System

MOTOTRBO Portables

MOTOTRBO Mobiles

MOTOTRBO Repeater

MOTOTRBO Data

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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Introduction
MOTOTRBO System

MOTOTRBO Professional Digital Two-way Radio System is a digital

communications platform that combines the best of two-way radios
with digital technology.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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 Topic 2 – MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology

Overview

Spectrum Efficiency

2 slot TDMA

Reduces Combining Equipment

Digital Audio Coverage

System Coverage Planning

Frequency Licensing

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview

Inputs: Output:
Voice or 2-slot TDMA
IP data

The technologies that enable MOTOTRBO to deliver benefits like greater usable range, integrated
voice and data, spectrum efficiency, and increased battery life will be explored on the next 4 slides:
1: Analog to Digital Conversion
2: Vocoding and Forward Error Correction
3. Framing
4. TDMA Transmission
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 1 - Analog to Digital Conversion

Analogous to how a written message is converted to a data stream by a fax machine, Analog
to Digital Conversion translates the user’s voice (microphone input) to a digital bitstream.

The digital bitstream contains a LOT of bits - far too many to transmit over a radio channel.
So some form of compression is required…..
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 2 - Vocoding & Forward Error Correction

Vocoding (Voice encoding) compresses speech by breaking it into its most important parts and encoding
them with a small number of bits. Because it focuses on human speech, it greatly reduces background noise.

Forward Error Correction (FEC) enables the receiving radio to correct bit errors that occur due to RF
channel impairments - enabling more consistent audio performance throughout the coverage area.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 3 - Framing

Framing organizes digital voice (or data) into digital packets: the voice or data becomes payload (like a letter
in an envelope) while the header describes the type of call, source and destination address, etc. (like the
addressing information on the envelope). This enables one radio to provide integrated voice and data.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 4 - TDMA Transmission

Transmission encoding completes the encoding process (like adding the machine-readable sorting
information on the envelope) and finally “mails the letter.”
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) organizes a channel into 2 time slots: a given radio’s transmitter is
active only for short bursts, which provides longer battery life. And by transmitting only on their alternating
time slots, two calls can share the same channel at the same time, thereby doubling spectrum efficiency.….

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Spectrum Efficiency

Today’s Analog MOTOTRBOTM

Slot 2
Slot 1
Regulatory Slot 2
emissions Slot 1
mask
Slot 2

Slot 1

12.5kHz Analog 12.5kHz TDMA

• 1 voice for each 12.5kHz channel • Divides existing channel into two timeslots
• 1 repeater for each channel • Delivers twice the capacity through repeater
• Performance is same or better than 12.5kHz FDMA
• 1 repeater does work of 2
• Reduces need for combining equipment
• Enables 40% increase in radio battery life

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
2 Slot TDMA
1. Radio gives priority to voice
(if it’s time for radio to send in its
GPS update and the user happens
to press PTT, the data will wait).

Voice Call 1 2. Radio cannot transmit and

(or Data)
receive at the same time.

3. Radio transmits in only one slot

at a time (radio cannot transmit
timeslot 1 timeslot 2 timeslot 1 timeslot 2 timeslot 1 timeslot 2 voice on slot one while also
transmitting data on slot two).

4. Calls are not dynamically

Voice Call 2
(or Data)
allocated to slots, they are
statically assigned to a
frequency and slot in CPS.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Reduces Combining Equipment

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Digital Audio Coverage

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
System Coverage Planning (Cont.)

Coverage Considerations –
Greater Usable Range

• The figure illustrates the regions of

coverage that have comparable audio
quality for a MOTOTRBO site compared
to an equivalent analog site.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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 Topic 3 – MOTOTRBO Digital Features

Digital Voice Features

Embedded Digital Signaling
Digital Signaling Features
VOX
Lone Worker
One Touch Access (Mobile)
Radio Password
Multiple Groups and Channel Scan
Transmit Interrupt
IP Site Connect
Site Roaming
Capacity Plus
Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC)
Repeater Authorisation
IP Repeater Programming

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Voice Features - Group Call
• Digital Group Call is a way of enabling groups to share a channel without distracting
and disrupting other radio users.

• Both transmitting and receiving radios must be on the same logical channel (frequency
and timeslot) and Talkgroup.

• Group Call considerations:

– Which members of a functional workgroup need to communicate with each other?
– How will workgroups interact with members of other workgroups?
– How can users collectively share the channel resources?

One-to-many call type

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Voice Features - Private Call
• Private Call allows a radio user to directly communicate with another radio user, even
if they are not within the same Talkgroup.

• Private Call allows one-to-one communication between transmitting and receiving

radio.

• Employee may use a Private Call to privately alert a specific manager about a security
incident, rather than placing a Group Call that would be heard by the whole group.

Note: “Private Call” is also

known as “Individual Call”.

One-to-one call type

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Voice Features - All Call
• All Call is a one way voice communication between a privileged radio with other radio
users within the same logical channel.
• The transmitting radio uses a special All Call group that enables every radio user within
the same logical channel, (regardless of Group) to receive the communication.
• This feature is particularly useful when a supervisor needs to communicate to all radios
within the same logical channel (frequency and timeslot) rather than individual groups
or users.
• All Call follows the admit criteria of the selected channel.

One way voice communication

• For Capacity Plus Systems, All Call is setup politely on a Free Rest Channel and is
announced to all radios on the system (including those on busy channels), except:
• Radios transmitting on Busy Channels
• Radios listening to Emergency call(s)

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Voice Features - DTMF Hot Keypad

• DTMF stands for Dual Tone Multi Frequency.

• DTMF tones enable users to communicate via the numeric keypad
with a device connected to a control station.

• DTMF Hot Keypad provides the transmitting radio with the ability
to send the following characters encoded as DTMF during a voice
call:

0123456789*#
• This feature is supported in both analog and digital calls for
conventional Single Site, IP Site Connect, and Capacity Plus
system configurations.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling

• In the framing process, vocoded speech is formatted for transmission.

• This process includes organizing the voice and any embedded signaling information.

• Information such as call type (private, group or all system) as well as identification
information and/or control information, is used to notify listeners on a voice call system
events and status.

• ‘Late entry’ allows a user to join a voice transmission that is already in progress. The
system allows for this to happen because the digital signaling information is repeated
periodically during the course of the call.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling – Basic Privacy

• Basic (voice and data) Privacy is enabled using a non-cryptographic

algorithm (software scrambling) to protect information.

• Its primary purpose to thwart eavesdropping, however it will not

provide resistance against replay attacks or traffic analysis
(disclosure of information inferred by observing traffic patterns).

• Basic Privacy setting is not radio wide, but by channel selection.

• Basic Privacy controls the radio’s transmit setting.

- When a radio is programmed with Basic Privacy enabled, it will
transmit scrambled messages but is able to receive scrambled
and unscrambled transmission independent of the channel
privacy setting. It will use its provisioned key to descramble the
transmission.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling – Basic Voice Privacy

• The transmit radio will scramble the payload information prior to sending it
over-the-air.
• Upon receiving, the target radio will descramble the information.
• Embedded and stand alone digital signaling is not scrambled.
• Embedded digital signaling includes target and source ID, talkgroup ID and
emergency setting.
• Stand alone signaling includes Radio Disable, Radio Check, Call Alert and
Remote Monitor.
• Voice is not protected over any accessory or wire line.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling – Basic Data Privacy

• The transmit radio will scramble the payload information including IP/UDP
headers.
• Upon receiving, the target radio will descramble the information.
• Data that extends past the radio network is not protected.
- Text messages from deployed radios to mobile client’s e-mail addressable
devices are only protected over-the-air.
• Data messages are descrambled prior to entering the application server.
• Text messages stored in the radio’s inbox, outbox and sent items are not
protected.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling – Types of Privacy

• Two Types of privacy mechanisms

– Basic Privacy
– Enhanced Privacy

• Enhanced Privacy provides a higher level of protection

– Multiple keys
– Cryptographic algorithm
– Protects each superframe in a different manner

• Both mechanisms are not interoperable with each other.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling – User Control over Privacy
• Privacy can be enabled or disabled with each channel selection.

• User can choose to enable or disable privacy via radio ‘Menu’ access
or by programmable button toggle.

• The privacy icon is displayed when a channel is operating in secure

mode.

• For radios enabled with Basic Privacy but without full displays, it is
recommended to not allow the users to toggle their radio’s privacy
settings via a programmable button. Without the visible indication, the
user will not be able to differentiate a secure channel from an insecure
one.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling – Privacy Key Management
• Privacy key is a value used to scramble and unscramble voice calls
and data transmissions on a privacy enabled channel.

• Keys are provisioned to a radio via CPS. Once radios are

programmed, keys can only be retained or rewritten. User cannot use
the CPS ‘Read’ function to view a stored key. There is no option for
‘blank’, ‘null’, or ‘zero’ key.

• For Basic Privacy,

– One key per radio.
– CPS offers a selection from 1- 256 key indices.

• For Enhanced Privacy

– One key per channel
– Radio can hold up to 16 keys
– Value for each key can be selected from 1 – 1,099,511,627,774
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling - Privacy Key Management
• Both the transmitting and the receiving radio must have the same
privacy key values for a successful transmission.

• In the event a receiving radio does not share an identical key as the
transmitting radio, unintelligible audio (digital warbles) will be heard on
the receiving side of the transmission or the radio remains muted.

• For data transmissions between radios with mismatched keys, this

will result in an unsuccessful data transmission. The data message
will never make it to its intended target address.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling – Data Gateway Privacy Settings
• All data that is transmitted on a channel to and from a fixed client or
application server will go through the control station. Precise privacy
setting will ensure consistent data communication.
• In the event a fleet utilizes multiple keys, users must be grouped into
specific channels (slots) with their control stations utilizing the proper
keys. Control Station
Privacy Disabled Privacy Enabled
One direction data will Consistent
Privacy Disabled Privacy Enabled

be scrambled communication path

Control station will Radio will receive
receive scrambled. unscrambled.
Radio

Insecure channel. One direction data

will be scrambled
Radio will receive
scrambled.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features

• Digital Signaling features send special messaging packets over the network.
Radio Disable, Remote Monitor, Radio Check, Call Alert and Digital Emergency
are types of Digital Signaling features.

• An Acknowledging Message is received by the Initiating Radio for all Digital

Signaling Features.
NOTE: Non-Display radios do not support all of these features because it does not have keypad/display for menu functionality.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – PTT ID and Aliasing

• Alias - When programmed via the CPS or front panel, a user friendly
alphanumeric ‘name’ will be displayed.

• PTT ID - Allows target radio to identify the originator of a call.

Illustration on the left shows Group Call Alias for

transmitting and receiving radio.

Illustration on the right shows Private Call Alias for

transmitting and receiving radio.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Radio Disable
• This feature allows a supervisor to disable a radio via:
• Another radio, or
• Third party IP-based repeater application

• The disabled radio displays blank screen and is unable to make or receive
calls.

• Once disabled, the radio can only be enabled via:

• The CPS, or
• A ‘Radio Uninhibit’ command from a third-party IP-based application
connected to the repeater, or
• A ‘Radio Uninhibit’ command from another supervisor radio, on
condition that the radio is within coverage of the site at which it was
disabled.

• This feature can be used to stop any inappropriate use of radio, or to stop
stolen radio from functioning.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Remote Monitor
• This feature allows a remote user to activate a target radio’s
microphone and transmitter for a period of time.

• A call is silently set up on the target radio, and its PTT is controlled
remotely without any indications given to the end user.

• This feature is used to ascertain the situation of a target radio which

is powered-on, but is unresponsive.

• Used in situations such as theft, incapacity of the radio user or

allowing the initiator of an emergency call to communicate hands-
free in an emergency.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Radio Check
• This feature allows the initiating radio to check if a target radio is
active within the system without notifying the user.

• Besides Busy LED; Transmit LED is also lit (to indicate ACK is sent).
There is no visible or audible indication on the target radio.

• The target radio automatically and silently responds with an

acknowledgement to the initiating radio.

• If a radio user is non-responsive, Radio Check could be used to

determine if the target radio is switched on and monitoring the
channel.

• If the target radio responds with an acknowledgement, the initiator

could then take additional action such as using the Remote Monitor
command to activate the target radio’s PTT.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Call Alert
• This feature allows the initiating radio to essentially page another
radio user.

• When a radio receives a Call Alert, a persistent audible and visual

alert is presented to the target radio (available on radios with full
display) . The radio ID of the initiator of the Call Alert is also present.

• If the target radio presses the PTT when a Call Alert screen is active,
it starts a Private Call to the initiator of the Call Alert.

• For in-vehicle applications, this is often used in conjunction with the

Horn and Lights option. When a user is away from his vehicle, a Call
Alert can initiate the vehicle’s horn and lights to sound and flash,
which notifies the user to return to the vehicle and call the originator.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Digital Emergency
• MOTOTRBO radios allow a user in distress to send out a confirmed
emergency alarm message and emergency voice to a supervisor
radio present within the system.

• The emergency alarm message contains the individual radio ID of

the initiator.

• Revert channels can be specified for emergencies, except on

Capacity Plus systems (where the Emergency starts on the Rest
Channel and there are no revert Voice Channels).

• For IP Site Connect systems, Manual Site Roam is supported while

in an emergency.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Digital Emergency (Cont.)
• Three major methods of emergency alarm and the emergency call
are:
- Emergency Alarm Only
- Emergency Alarm and Call
- Emergency Alarm with Voice to Follow

• Four alarm types configurable via the CPS are:

- Disabled
- Regular
- Silent
- Silent with Voice

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Emergency Revert and GPS Revert

• When radio enters emergency state, it will attempt to transmit

emergency location response on a specific channel to the Location
Server with which it is registered.

• The transmission channel for these updates is defined by:

– Radio’s emergency mode (Emergency Alarm/ Emergency Alarm
with Call or Voice to Follow)
– GPS transmission channel (Selected or Revert)

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Digital Emergency In Capacity Plus

• When a radio enters emergency state on a Capacity Plus system, the

emergency call begins transmitting to the “Emergency” Group

Condition Action
Rest Channel is free Initiate on the Rest Channel

Rest Channel is busy Initiate impolitely on the busy

Rest Channel.

• The start of an emergency call is announced over all the busy channels.
This allows a listening radio that is interested in joining the emergency call,
to leave its channel and join the emergency call.

• Capacity Plus does not support Emergency Revert Channel(s).

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
VOX
• Voice Operated Transmission (VOX) provides hands-free radio
transmissions with the use of selected radio accessories.

• The radio is keyed-up when VOX detects voice on the accessory

microphone.

• Among the usage considerations are:

– User proximity to other audio sources.
– Position of the VOX accessory.
– Use of a trigger word when the Talk Permit Tone is enabled.

• VOX is temporarily suspended when

•The PTT button is pressed
•The Emergency Alarm button is pressed.
•The radio has any Transmit Interrupt feature enabled.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Lone Worker
• Lone Worker provides a way to monitor if a radio user has stopped
activity.
– If there has been no user activity for the predefined Response Time
period, the radio sounds a warning tone.
– If there is still no user activity for the predefined Reminder Time
period after the warning tone, the radio immediately raises an
Emergency.
• Response Time and Reminder Time are programmable via CPS.

• This feature is also available in Analog (MDC) mode.

• Useful in cases where the user is working alone, operating machinery, or

carrying out a security patrol.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
One Touch Access (Mobile)
• ‘One Touch Access’ button enables a mobile radio to switch to a pre-
configured channel assigned by the CPS with the press of a button.

• This feature is available both in Digital and Analog mode.

• Channels from the Capacity Plus Channel Pool can NOT be assigned to
the ‘One Touch Access’ button.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Radio Password
• Radios have a CPS-enabled password-based locking mechanism to protect
radios from unauthorized use.

• Upon powering up, the radio prompts the user to enter a 4-digit password.

• The numeric password selection/input method varies according to radio models:

• Display Portable – Numeric Keypad and “OK” button

• Non-Display Portable – Channel switch and Side Button(s)

• Full Display Mobile – Channel Rocker and “OK” button, or accessory

keypad.

• Numeric Display Mobile – Channel Knob and Front Button 2.

• The radio enters and remains in a locked state for 15 minutes, even if powered
off, after three incorrect password attempts.

• The password can be changed via radio menu or CPS.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Multiple Groups and Channel Scan

• MOTOTRBO supports
– Multiple Groups: monitors a list of different groups on a given channel/slot
– Channel Scan: monitors a list of different channels within a system

• Channel Scan supports scanning of

– analog voice
– digital voice
– digital signaling

• Multiple Groups and Channel Scan support both repeater and direct radio
channels

• Note that MOTOTRBO does not support the ability to roam between sites and scan
channels at a particular site within an IP Site Connect system.

• Channel Scan is not supported in Capacity Plus.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Multiple Groups

• The radio unmutes only when a relevant group is transmitting on the

channel.

• The relevant groups for a given channel (group members) are defined by
the Receive (Rx) Group List associated with that channel.

• One Receive (Rx) Group List can contain a maximum of 16 group

members and a maximum of 50 Receive (Rx) Group Lists can be defined.

• For repeater channels, the group call hangtime is defined by a repeater

timer and for direct radio channels, the group call hangtime is defined by a
radio timer.

• The radio is allowed to talkback to the group for the duration specified by
the group call hangtime.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan

• In scan mode the radio continually searches a list of channels for activity
of interest.

• The relevant channels to be scanned (scan members) for a given channel

are defined by the Scan List associated with that channel.

• One Scan List can contain a maximum of 16 “Scan Members” and a

maximum of 250 Scan Lists can be defined.

• While a radio is scanning it is looking for transmissions (voice or signaling)

addressed to itself using
• One of the group addresses in the Scan List associated with the channel it is
scanning at that moment
• It’s individual address (e.g. Private Call) or
• The “All Call” address

• A mixture of digital and analogue channels may be included in a Scan List.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan (Cont.)
• If activity of interest is found, the radio stops and switches to that channel.
The radio then remains on that channel until the activity of interest has
ceased for a period of time defined by the radio “Scan Hang Timer” (or until
a higher priority call is detected).

• Channel Scan is not supported in Capacity Plus.

• Channel Scan limitations

– Since Channel Scan requires the radio to switch between channels, there is a
possibility that the radio will miss a transmission.
– The larger the Channel Scan list, the greater the possibility that a transmission
will be missed.
– The Channel Scan list should be configured to be as short as possible.
– A scanning radio will eventually detect group and “all call” transmissions via
“late entry”, however most individually addressed transmissions (e.g. Private
Call) will need to be prefixed with “Transmit (Tx) Preamble” if they are to be
detected by a scanning radio.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Priority Levels

• Priority levels can be configured for members of a Scan List. Three levels
of priority are:
- Priority-1
- Priority-2
- Non-Priority

• Priority levels are configurable via CPS.

• Priority levels affect the order of scanning. The radio may re-order Non-
Priority scan members in order to optimize the scan efficiency.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Priority Levels (Cont.)

• If the following type of activity of interest is found while the radio is

scanning:
- data addressed to the scanning radio
- an individual call (Private Call)
- Priority-1 scan member
the radio stops scanning and switches to that channel for the duration of
the call.

• If however the activity of interest is a voice group call on a Priority-2 or a

Non-Priority scan member, the radio continues to periodically scan any
higher priority scan members defined.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Channel Marking

• Although relatively short, its does take time to determine if a transmission

is of interest on a higher priority scan member. During this time, there is an
audio hole on the current scan member.

• Channel marking offers a way to mitigate the duration of the audio hole.

• It introduces a logic that assumes that if a transmission was identified as

not of interest, there is no need to fully review it at every scan interval.

• The feature greatly increases audio quality while a radio is in priority

sampling mode.

• Enabling the Monitor feature locks the radio to the current channel and
pauses priority sampling temporarily.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Scan members with similar receive parameters

• A scan list with members that share the same receive parameters but
different transmit parameters may result in misdirected reply transmissions.

• When scanning, radio only listens and qualifies receive parameters before
landing on a particular channel.

• Lets review the following example to better understand the scenario:

- A scan list has two scan members: Channel 1 (Rx: F1, Tx: F2) and Channel 2 (Rx:
F1, Tx: F3). Both channels are on analog CSQ.
- The scanning radio will land on an activity of interest upon verifying receive
parameter. It does not know the transmit parameters it has landed on matches the
receive parameters it has monitored.
- This will result in misdirected replies.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Scan members with similar receive parameters

• In an analog system, this can be resolved by assigning PL or DPL codes. In a

digital system, the solution is unique color code or receive group per
channel assignments.
F2
F2

F1 Channel 1 F1
Radio 2

Analog: PL / DPL code

Digital : Color code / Rx Group

Radio 1 – Scanning radio

Radio scans
Channel 1 & 2
F1
F1

F3 Radio 3
F3
Analog: PL / DPL code
Digital : Color code / Rx Group
Channel 2

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Last Active Channel

• The ‘Last Active Channel’ is the most recent channel on which the
radio Landed and un-muted to received audio.

• If Talkback (during scan) is NOT selected and TX Designated Channel

is set to ‘Last Active Channel’, then:
• While scanning in digital mode, all groups specified in the
channels’ Receive (Rx) Group Lists are monitored.
• However, only the Last Active (i.e. Landed) Channel is
remembered by the radio (not the Last Active Channel and Last
Group).
• This means that voice transmissions are transmitted on the Tx
Call Member of the Last Active Channel (not the Last Group in the
Rx Group List of the Last Active Channel).

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Transmit Interrupt

• Allows a radio to end an on-going interruptible voice transmission

• This applies to all call types
(i.e. Privacy-enabled/disabled Group/Private/Emergency/All Calls)
• Radios are provisioned via the CPS, with 2 separate capabilities to consider:
– Radios with voice transmissions which are interruptible
– Radios which can interrupt interruptible voice transmissions
• Radios may be provisioned with none, either, or both, of the capabilities
mentioned.
• For this feature to operate consistently, all radios using the channel are
recommended to be provisioned with the ability to be interrupted
• Upgrade software versions of all radios and repeaters to R01.06.00 or later to
prepare a system to be fully Transmit Interrupt capable

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Transmit Interrupt (cont.)
• Transmit Interrupt is a Motorola propriety feature suite containing 4 variations
– Voice Interrupt
• Radio can de-key an interruptible voice transmission to initiate its own voice transmission within the
same call
• Interrupting radio must be partied to the call
– Emergency Voice Interrupt
• Radio can de-key an interruptible voice transmission and clear down the call to initiate its own
emergency transmission
• Interrupting radio does not have to be partied to the original call
• For Capacity Plus systems, this only occurs on the busy rest channel (if all channels are busy)
– Remote Voice Dekey
• Radio can de-key an interruptible voice transmission and clear down the call
• Used for example by a supervisor radio to remotely dekey a radio that is inadvertently transmitting
• Interrupting radio does not have to be partied to the call
• For Capacity Plus system, the interrupting radio only interrupts transmissions on its own channel
– Data Over Voice Interrupt
• Radio controlled by a third-party application (option board or attached PC) can de-key an interruptible
voice transmission and clear down the call to initiate its own data transmission
• Interrupting radio does not have to be partied to the original call
• For Capacity Plus systems, a radio does not perform Data Over Voice Interrupt if:
• That radio is already transmitting
• The data message is for a revert channel
• The Rest channel is idle

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
IP Site Connect

• A conventional system connecting multiple Single Site

systems together via an Internet Protocol (IP) back-end
network.

IP Network
Repeater

R1 R2

Repeater

Subscriber S2
S3

S1
Subscriber Subscriber

Single Site System Single Site System

IP Site Connect System

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
IP Site Connect – Key Benefits

• Connecting two or more dispersed locations for day-to-day

communications.

• Building a larger or more effective RF coverage area.

• Broadcasting announcements to all sites.

• Connecting repeaters operating in different RF bands.

• Connecting to IP-based applications.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
IP Site Connect – New Concepts

• Master: The repeater that is responsible for registering new repeaters and
notifying other repeaters of IP address changes.

• Peer: A repeater or RDAC IP application in the IP Site Connect system.

• RDAC (Repeater Diagnostics and Control): Software application that allows a

system administrator the ability to monitor and control repeaters within the
MOTOTRBO system.

• All Sites Light Up: Every radio call that is made is repeated across all linked
logical channels.

• Site Roaming: Ability to roam between sites of an IP Site Connect system.

• Roam List: A list of channels that corresponds to sites in an IP Site Connect

system.

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Site Roaming

• MOTOTRBO supports roaming between sites of an IP Site Connect

System.

• Roam List – List of channels, each is a site of the IP Site Connect

system.

• Home Site – The site within the Roam List on which the radio
chooses to operate.

• Beacon – Periodic short transmission sent by de-keyed repeaters.

• Two methods of Site Roaming

• Passive Site Searching
• Active Site Searching

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Site Roaming

• User Control
– Change radio dial to change channels/sites.
– Initiate the Manual Site Roam to roam to next available
site.
– Use the Site Lock On/Off to lock to the current site.

• User Indications
– LED blinks yellow
– Site Roaming icon appears on display

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Site Roaming – Passive Site Searching

• Radio searches Roam List whenever the signal strength of its current
Home Site dips below preprogrammed RSSI threshold.

• Site with the strongest signal is identified as the new Home Site.

• While passive site searching:

– Roam List is sorted according to signal strength to optimize follow-up
roaming attempts.
– For repeaters where no voice/data activity is present, signal strength of
the beacon is measured.
– Sites that have been detected in previous attempts are searched first.
– Radio inspects the current Home Site for activity in between searching
other sites.
– Late Entry on calls on the Home Site may occur when radio is
searching other sites.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Site Roaming – Passive Site Searching

Home Site =
Home Site =
Site 1 Site 2
A B

IP NETWORK IP NETWORK

Home Site = Home Site =

Site 1 Site 2
C

SITE 1 SITE 2

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Site Roaming – Active Site Searching

• Radio sends wake-up message to each repeater in the Roam List

until it finds an active site.

• First active site found in range and transmitting is identified as the

new Home Site.

• Active site searching occurs when:

– Radio initiates transmission but home site repeater cannot wake up.
– User initiates a Manual Site Roam.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Site Roaming – Roaming Considerations
• Roam List
– A system can contain more than one IP Site Connect system, each
with one or two wide area channels.
– Each wide area channel should have its own Roam List.
– Each list should contain 1 logical channel from each site
corresponding to the wide area channel.
– Only wide area channels are added to the Roam List.

• Scan or Roam
– MOTOTRBO does not support the ability to both roam between sites
and scan channels at a particular site.

• RSSI Threshold
– Programmable via CPS.
– If too low, radio stays at weaker site although stronger site is available.
– If too high, increase in roaming, increase in late entry.
– Site configuration should be taken into consideration.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Site Roaming – Roaming Considerations

• Beacon Duration and Beacon Interval

– Programmable via CPS
– Factors: number of sites, radio roaming frequency, system configuration.

• Revert Channels and Roaming Interactions

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Capacity Plus

• A single-site trunking configuration of the MOTOTRBO radio system.

SU SU SU SU SU
…

Subscribers

Channels

– Trunking utilizes a pool of channels for virtually unlimited number of Groups.

– Trunking provides efficient utilization of channels by allowing radios to share
logical channels, resulting in:
• Less waiting time to access the system
• Increased channel capacity for a given Quality of Service
• Lower probability of a call being blocked

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Capacity Plus – New Concepts
• Rest Channel: The idle voice channel that hosts all radios that are not
participating in a call.

• Beacon: Periodic short transmissions indicating the Rest Channel.

• Capacity Plus Voice Channels: Channels for voice and data calls.

• Capacity Plus Data Channels: Channels for data calls, except radio-to-radio
text messaging.

• Capacity Plus Voice List: List of all available Capacity Plus Voice Channels to
be used by the Capacity Plus system.

• Capacity Plus Data List: A list of all available Capacity Plus Data Channels to
be used by the Capacity Plus system.

• Back-end Network : The connection for Repeaters in the system to

communicate with each other.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Capacity Plus – How it Works

• Radios not participating in any call remain on the Rest Channel.

• At the start of a call

– The Rest Channel repeater selects the new Rest Channel from idle voice
channels.
– A status message is sent to inform the radios about the new Rest Channel.
– The current Rest Channel is converted into a traffic channel for the call.
– Radios on the current Rest Channel with no interest in the call move to the new
Rest Channel.

 If the current Rest Channel is the last idle channel,

 the call starts on the channel
 participating and non-participating radios shall remain on the channel
 the system busy tone is heard if any user tries to start another call
 the next available idle voice channel is identified as the new Rest Channel

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Capacity Plus – How it Works (cont.)

• At the end of a call,

– the repeater broadcasts to the participating radios
• the current Rest Channel
• the status of the other available channels
– Radios on the channel shall move to
• the current Rest Channel
• channels with calls of interest to the radio

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Capacity Plus – Rest Channel Management
• No central controller manages the Rest Channel
– All trunked repeaters manage the Rest Channel collectively
– A trunked repeater informs other trunked repeaters when
• A new Rest Channel is selected
• Each time the status of a channel changes

• Capacity Plus does not require an exclusive control channel

– Rest Channel changes with every call, repeater failure, or interference
– A non-exclusive Rest Channel system has these advantages:
• Easily satisfies regulator frequency coordination (where exclusive
use of channels not possible)
• No “Request and Grant” mechanism required
• Suitable for channels shared by multiple radio systems
• Improves reliability of the Capacity Plus system
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC)

• A software application that allows the system administrator the ability to

monitor and control repeaters within the system.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC)

• The following services are provided by the RDAC application:

Repeater Diagnostics Repeater Alarm Reporting

Read Enabled/Disabled Status Detect and Report Receiver Lock Detect Failure
Read Analog/Digital Status Detect and Report Transmitter Lock Detect Failure
Read Wide or Local Area Status Detect and Report RF Power Out1
Read Transmit Power Status Detect and Report High VSWR Detection1
Read Available Channels Detect and Report RF PA Fan Failure Alarm1
Read Inbound RSSI Detect and Report EEPROM Corruption1
Read IPv4 Address and UDP Port Detect and Report Low RF PA Voltage1
Detect and Report FRU Incompatibility Alarms1
Repeater Control Detect and Report System Overheating2
Change Enabled or Disabled Status Detect and Report RF PA Overheating
Change Channels Detect and Report AC Power Supply Failure
Change Transmit Power Level Detect and Report Main Fan Failure2
Reset Repeater Note:
Knockdown Repeater 1Applicable only to the MTR3000
2Applicable only to the DR 3000

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC) - Alarms

• Categorization of RDAC alarms

– Major Alarms: Receiver and Transmitter Lock Detect Failure ,
EEPROM Corruption, FRU Incompatibility, VSWR higher than 5.1
– Minor Alarms: Overheating, AC Power Supply Failure, Main Fan
Failure, RF Power Failure, High VSWR Detection, RF PA Fan Failure
Alarm, Low RF PA Voltage, EEPROM Corruption

• Locked State
– Occurs after any 3 major alarms are reported.
– Repeater enters locked state and sets Major Alarm pin.
– LEDs on the Repeater front panel illuminate solid.
– Repeater does not service any calls over the air.
– RDAC displays the locked state and can retrieve logs.
– Repeater exits locked state after major alarm counter is reset via the
CPS.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC) - Connections

RDAC application can connect to the repeater in 2 ways:

– Remotely via the network
– Provides access to all repeaters
– Requires static IP address and UDP port of Master repeater
– Provides all services of RDAC application

– Locally via USB port

– Provides access only to the local repeater
– Provides only the Repeater Diagnostics and Repeater Alarm
Reporting services

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC) – Multiple Systems
- Version 2.2 (onwards) of the RDAC application has the ability to monitor and
control up to 8 different radio systems (i.e. IP Site Connect and/or Capacity Plus)
simultaneously.
- To monitor and control multiple radio systems the Multi Systems feature needs to
be activated using the RDAC application and this requires the purchase of a
separate license key for each RDAC application.
- License keys are purchased via Motorola On-Line (part HKVN4041A) and an
Entitlement ID is delivered by email for each order placed.
- To activate the Multiple Systems feature:
- Install the RDAC application and ensure the computer has internet access (to
register the feature with Motorola).
- From the Help Tab, select Register Features.
- Use the RDAC Register Feature Wizard to enter the Entitlement ID and
register the Multiple Systems feature.
- Once the Multiple Systems feature has been registered, it will be possible to select
multiple radio systems using the Connect Tab (note: the systems must previously
have been defined for selection using the Systems Tab).

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC) – Email Notification
• With no systems connected, ensure
“Email Notification” option selected
• Configure email account settings for
outgoing email (from RDAC application)

• Add email addresses to

which alarms will be sent

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC) – Email Notification (Cont.)

• For each system, specify

the email address (or
addresses) to which the
alarms will be sent and
select which alarms
should be sent.
• Different email addresses
and alarms can be
selected for different
systems.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC) – Compatibility

- RDAC version 1.0 is not forward compatible with DR 3000 Repeaters containing
firmware R01.06.11 onwards and MTR3000 repeaters

- To ensure compatibility, the minimum requirement is for RDAC version 2.5 to

be installed.

- If you have already purchased a copy of RDAC version 1.0, please contact
Motorola Customer Care for a free replacement RDAC CD.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Authorisation

• Repeater Authorisation consists of:

– Repeater slot Enable / Disable
– IP console radio Inhibit / Uninhibit

• These commands are initiated by an IP-based application connected

to a repeater.

• These commands are compatible with wide and local area IP Site
Connect channels and Capacity Plus systems.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Repeater Authorisation (Cont.)
• For repeater slot Enable / Disable:
– Once an unauthorised radio keys up, the application can instruct the repeater
disable the slot, thereby preventing the voice from being repeated over the
air.
– Unfortunately, unauthorised radios will make the channel unreliable for other
authorised radios
– The repeater will re-enable the slot as soon as the unauthorised radio dekeys

• For IP Console radio Inhibit / Uninhibit:

– When the application detects an unauthorised radio’s attempt to access the
system, it can initiate an “IP Console Radio Inhibit / Uninhibit command to that
radio.
– This is feature is compatible with R1.7 MOTOTRBO radios and later.
– Such radios can not be programmed to ignore this command.
– IP Console Radio Inhibit / Uninhibit commands are initiated from an IP-based
console and can not be initiated from another radio.
– When inhibited, a radio can no longer make or receive calls.
– Inhibited radios can be re-enabled over the air and via the CPS.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
IP Repeater Programming (IRP)
• IRP allows a System Administrator to program (via CPS) repeaters that are on a
system utilizing the IP network.

Master
IP Network R2
R1 Master

R6
R4 R5
Peer
R3
Peer
Peer
Peer
CPS

• The following services are provided with IRP:

• Repeater Configuration • Repeater Upgrade
– Read the current repeater configuration – Upgrade repeater firmware and/or
– Write a modified repeater configuration codeplug version
• Repeater Feature Enable
– Activate a purchased feature on the
repeater
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Digital Features
IP Repeater Programming (cont.)

• How does IRP work?

• Feature configured with repeaters locally (via USB)
• Repeater installed on a system utilizing an IP network
• CPS configured with IP address and UDP port number of Master repeater
• CPS learns addresses of all Peer repeaters
• Firewall configuration may be required depending on system set up
• Codeplug password authentication can be used to access each repeater
• IRP temporarily disables a repeater until programming is complete

• Requirements:
• 32 MB MOTOTRBO Repeaters, firmware version R01.07.00 and above
• Feature must be configured with the repeaters locally (via USB) before it can be used via
the IP network
• Compatible with IP Site Connect, Capacity Plus and Single Site systems
• Repeater mode can be Enabled, Disabled, Knockdown, Digital, Analog or Dynamic Mixed
Mode (DMM)
• Repeater to be programmed must be ‘connected to’ or ‘acting as’ a Master repeater
• Single Site repeaters must be configured as Master repeaters

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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 Topic 4 – MOTOTRBO Analog Features

Introduction

Voice Features

Additional Features

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Analog Features
Introduction

• To facilitate a smooth “digital” migration from legacy “analog”

systems, MOTOTRBO also supports “analog” operation.

• MOTOTRBO portable and mobile radios are able to switch

between “analog” and “digital” operation either via user selection
(i.e. channel selector) or automatically (i.e. dual mode scan).

• MOTOTRBO repeater is configured either for analog or digital

operation.

• In analog mode, MOTOTRBO portable and mobile radios are

able to operate in either repeater or direct/talkaround mode.

• In analog mode, MOTOTRBO utilizes traditional FM technology

(both 12.5, 20kHz and 25kHz channel bandwidth supported).
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
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MOTOTRBO Analog Features
Voice Features
Feature Name Description

Time-Out Timer Sets the amount of time that the radio can continuously transmit before the transmission is
automatically terminated.
Squelch Special electronic circuitry added to the receiver of a radio which reduces or squelches,
unwanted signals before they are heard through the speaker.

Admit Criteria Enables a radio to refrain from transmitting on a channel which is already in use.

Monitor/Permanent Monitor The user can check channel activity by pressing the monitor button. If the channel is clear,
the user hears static. If the channel is in use, the user hears the conversation. It also
serves as a way to check the volume level of the radio, as while pressing the monitor
button, the user can adjust the volume of the static/conversation heard.

Priority/Dual Priority Scan Priority Scan allows a user to program the radio to scan more frequently transmissions on
the most important channel, and ensure they do not miss critical calls. Dual Priority Scan
allows a user to program a radio to frequently scan transmissions on the two most
important channels, and ensure they do not miss critical calls.

Talkback Scan with Home Talkback Scan allows activity on different communications channels to be monitored and
Channel Revert answered. Home Channel Revert allows a user to automatically access a preferred
channel.
Talkaround Allows a user to talk directly to another unit for easy local unit-to-unit communications and
bypass the repeater.
Nuisance Channel Delete Allows a user to remove a channel with unwanted activity (i.e. a Nuisance Channel) from
the scan list temporarily.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Analog Features
Additional Features

• In analog mode, MOTOTRBO supports a limited MDC signaling

feature set (i.e. Emergency Signaling, PTT-ID and Call Alert).

• Additionally, a 3rd-party 5-tone option board is now available for

MOTOTRBO.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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 Topic 5 – Dynamic Mixed Mode

Overview

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Dynamic Mixed Mode
Overview
• Dynamic Mixed Mode (DMM) is a repeater-only configuration

• Allows a mix of legacy Analog radios and Digital MOTOTRBO radios to share
the same repeater.

• When the MOTOTRBO repeater is operating in DMM, it will

– Dynamically switch between analog and digital modes based on the
current call received.
– Transmit one analog call at a time, or 2 digital calls at a time (one on each
logical channel)
• Scan lists with Analog and Digital channels are programmed into the
MOTOTRBO radios
– Allows users to monitor both analog and digital voice transmissions on the
same frequency.

• DMM does NOT support: IP Site Connect configurations, Capacity Plus

configurations, FCC Type-I and Type-II monitoring, Transmit Interrupt, RDAC
over IP, Repeater Knockdown or Antenna relay.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 91
 Topic 6 – MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Overview of Data Services
Built-in Text Messaging
Text Messaging Application
Location Tracking
Revert Channels
ARS Initialization Delay
Telemetry
Repeater IP Interface
Accessories and Peripherals
Application Partner Program

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Overview of Data Services

MOTOTRBO supports data services in digital mode only:

• Built-in data modem
– Standard UDP/IP – compatibility with IP applications
– Internet Protocol (IPv4) addressing
– Approx 2kbps protected data throughput per slot
– Future enhancement - double throughput with dual-slot data
• Text Messaging
– Direct radio-to-radio or via 3rd party application
– Free-form (up to 138 characters)
– Pre-programmed messages entered via CPS (up to 10 messages)
• Location Tracking
– GPS equipped portables and mobiles available with built-in GPS receivers.
– Using the integrated data services, GPS equipped portables and mobiles are able to
transmit their location coordinates over the radio system, to a 3rd party application.
– A GPS revert channel option is provided to offload location updates to a pre-
programmed digital channel (thereby allowing the selected channel to accommodate
increased voice loads or provide an enhanced user experience).

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Overview of Data Services (Cont.)

• Telemetry
– Basic built-in telemetry functionality allows the radio to translate the receipt
of a telemetry message to GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) action,
and to translate GPIO action to a transmitted text message.
– Ability to configure radios as telemetry transponders. Telemetry commands
can be sent from the radio. The radios may be used to automatically send
information to the control and receive status of another device, and to send
messages to report the status of local devices. A user can enter a number
of text strings and assign an action and a destination address to each
string.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Built-in Text Messaging
• MOTOTRBO radios can send and receive information in text format.

• Text messaging is only supported in the digital mode of operation.

• User can create a text message in one of two ways:

- Status or canned message (Quick Text). Up to 10 messages can be
programmed via CPS. (Applicable for the display and non display radio models).
- Limited free-form text messages. Up to 138 characters. (Applicable for the
display models only).

• The radio can store up to 30 received or sent messages at a time.

• The radio can store up to 30 draft messages at a time.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Built-in Text Messaging
• Built in text messaging

- Supports unit to unit messaging via confirmed service that includes

acknowledgements and retries.
- Supports unit to group messaging via unconfirmed service, e.g. message
is sent once.
- All messaging is direct routing, i.e.: sender and receiver have to be on the
same channel & slot at the same time (unless receiver is scanning).

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Text Messaging Application
Leveraging the capabilities of the built-in
text messaging services, the radio user
has the ability to send and receive
messaging using ‘Mobile’ and ‘Fixed’ Text
Messaging Client applications.
USB

Tx / Rx Tx / Rx

MOTOTRBO Radios
Control Station Application Server

LAN /
Internet

Tx / Rx

Mobile Client Fixed Client Cell phone or e-mail

Text Messaging Client Text Messaging Client addressable device

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Location Tracking
• MOTOTRBO systems enable location services via two complementary
functions.

– MOTOTRBO Portable and Mobile radios includes models that are equipped
with a built-in GPS receiver.

– Using the integrated data services, GPS equipped portables and mobiles are
able to transmit their location coordinates over the radio system, to a receiving
application that can display the radios’ geographic locations on a high
resolution map.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Location Tracking (Cont.)
Components of a Tracking Application

Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
USB

MOTOTRBO Radios MOTOTRBO Repeater Control Station Application Server

LAN

Fixed Client
(Location Client Application)

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Location Tracking (Cont.)
Services provided to Radio User

• An icon is displayed on the radio when the GPS signal is received.

The icon blinks if the radio is receiving poor GPS signal.

• The radio does not display its current location on the screen.

• The radio is told, by the location application server, how frequently to

report locations. The application can also poll the radio for its location.

• A radio user can trigger a location update to a location application server if

the Emergency button is pressed.

• Radio user is not aware that the radio is transmitting location coordinates
over the radio system.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Location Tracking (Cont.)
Services provided to a Location Application

• When a radio is turned on, and a channel is configured with the ‘ARS
Parameter’, the radio registers with a presence service. The location
application then learns that the radio is present within the system, and will
request explicit location updates as configured in the server application.

• The GPS equipped radio transmits updates over the radio system in
response to three service methods:

– Single location update

– Periodic location update
– On emergency

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

Module 2 - 101
MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Revert Channels – GPS Revert
• GPS revert channel allows offload of location updates to a pre-
programmed digital channel that differs from the selected channel.

• This feature effectively allows selected channel to free up and

accommodate increased voice loads or to enhance user experience (by
reducing the number of channel busies during voice calls).

• GPS Revert effectively allows large groups to communicate on a single

voice channel while offloading location updates to other channels. This
increases location update throughput, especially for users belonging to the
same group.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Revert Channels – GPS Revert (Cont.)

• Revert channel option is configurable via CPS. CPS options for the GPS
transmission are Selected, All or None.

Selected: GPS updates are transmitted on current channel

All: GPS Revert channel. Updates are transmitted on

any other programmed channel.

None: No revert channel or the GPS update transmission

is disabled.

MOTOTRBO™ System Training

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MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Revert Channels – GPS Revert (Cont.)
• GPS Revert, when used correctly can significantly improve voice and
location data performance of a system. In order to maximize location
throughput, while minimizing missed data (text, telemetry) and voice
transmissions, there are a number of factors that must be considered.

- Non location update traffic should not be transmitted on the GPS Revert
channel when attempting to maximize the location load on the GPS
Revert channel.

- Do not add the GPS Revert channel into the scan list if the location load
is high. Scanning radios will often land on this channel and qualify
traffic that is not for them, this can slow scanning.

- In repeater mode, avoid placing the alternate slot associated with GPS
Revert channel into the scan list if the location load is high.

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Revert Channels – GPS Revert (Cont.)

- When using a portable as control station (although not recommended)

do not enable sleep mode since the location update message is not
preceded with preamble to account for this.

- Voice, data or control messages that are sent to a SU on the GPS

Revert channel will not be received. The radio is only on a GPS Revert
channel to transmit location updates and it does not qualify activity on
this channel.

- If group data is to be supported on a system, the inclusion of preamble

should be added to minimize the occurrence of the group data message
being missed while a SU is on the GPS Revert channel.

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Revert Channels – GPS Revert (Cont.)

- Avoid situations where a large number of subscribers are powered on in

a relatively short period of time, this causes a flood of registration
messages that impacts the voice quality of service on the Selected
Channel during the registration process.

- In order to minimize users from inadvertently changing a radio to the

GPS Revert channel, it is recommended that the GPS Revert
channel(s) are placed in a different zone to the primary voice and data
channel(s).

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Revert Channels – GPS Revert (Cont.)
• CPS configuration:

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Revert Channels – Data Revert (Capacity Plus)

• Optional digital data channel in Capacity Plus for all Radio-to-Server

data transmissions.
• Reduces data traffic from Trunked (Voice) Channels.
• CPS options for the GPS transmission channel in Capacity Plus:
– Trunked
• Data messages to Server are transmitted on the Rest Channel.
– Revert
• Data messages to Server are transmitted over one of the Data Revert
Channels.
– None
• Disables transmission of data messages on Data Revert Channels.
• Useful when radio is known to be out of range of any control station
accepting location updated.

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Revert Channels – Enhanced GPS Revert Channel
• Enhanced GPS is an enhancement on the existing GPS Revert and Data Revert
channels.
• Enables subscribers to access the channel in a synchronized manner, therefore:
• Eliminates collisions
• Allows for efficient channel usage - up to 360 GPS data transmissions per
minute per channel running at 90% capacity (standard GPS revert supports
80 GPS data transmissions per minute for channel at 85% reliability)
• Supports unconfirmed GPS data transmissions on single site repeater, IPSC and
Capacity Plus system configurations.
• Channel is divided into timeslots called “windows” that are reserved by subscribers
for GPS data transmissions
• Each window consists of an announcement slot followed by a number of GPS data
bursts
• Window size is configured by the CPS in both the repeater & subscriber
• Synchronization between radios and windows is managed by the repeater

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Revert Channels – Enhanced GPS Revert Channel (Cont.)
Channel Structure Example (Window Size = 6)

1 Data Superframe (16 Data Frames : 8 mins)

0 1 2 ……..…………...….. 13 14 15

1 Data Frame (100, 83, 71, 62, 55 or 50 Windows : 30 secs)

0 1 2 3 …………..……...….. 79 80 81 82

1 Window (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 Frames)

A B A B A B A B A B A B Window Size # Windows /

(# slots) Data Frame
5 100
Announcement Slot
(contains: current window #, data frame 6 83
and subscriber ID for next reserved
GPS Data Bursts 7 71
window)
8 62
9 55
Window Size must be set to the same value (by
the CPS) in both the repeater and the subscriber 10 50

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Revert Channels – Enhanced GPS Revert Channel (Cont.)
• Channel data structure:
• Each (8 min) Data Superframe contains 16 x (30 sec) Data Frames.
• Each (30 sec) Data Frame contains Windows, the number of which are dependant on
the Window Size configured by the CPS.
• Window Size is dependent on:
• Parameters to be sent in a GPS location response such as longitude etc.
• Whether IP/UDP header compression enabled
• Whether enhanced privacy enabled
• To transmit periodic GPS location responses:
• Subscriber requests (using a free window) a set of periodic reserved windows from
repeater
• The following update periods (cadences) are supported: 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 minutes (if
an application requests a different cadence, then the subscriber responds with an error
message)
• Repeater allocates reserved windows if available and informs subscriber
• Subscriber stores window timing
• Before each allocated window arrives, subscriber reverts to Enhanced GPS Revert
Channel, verifies its reservation (by listening to confirmation grant from repeater), then
transmits GPS location responses in reserved window
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Revert Channels – Enhanced GPS Revert Channel (Cont.)
Scheduling Example (Window Size = 6)
1 Data Frame (30 secs)

30 sec
Window Window Window Window Window Window
1 min …. …. ….
0 1 2 3 81 82
2 mins
4 mins Data Frame 0 Sub 23 - Sub 48 Sub 13 - - - Sub 32 -

8 mins Data Frame 1 Sub 23 Sub 8 Sub 55 Sub 43 - - - - -

Feee Window Data Frame 2 Sub 23 - - - - - - Sub 32 -

Data Frame 3 Sub 23 - Sub 55 - - - - - -
Data Frame 4 Sub 23 - Sub 48 - - - - Sub 32 -
Data Frame 5 Sub 23 Sub 8 Sub 55 - - - - - -
Data Frame 6 Sub 23 - - - - - - Sub 32 -
Data Frame 7 Sub 23 - Sub 55 - - - - - -
Data Frame 8 Sub 23 - Sub 48 Sub 13 - - - Sub 32 -
Data Frame 9 Sub 23 Sub 8 Sub 55 - - - - - -
Data Frame 10 Sub 23 - - - - - - Sub 32 -
Data Frame 11 Sub 23 - Sub 55 - - - - - -
Data Frame 12 Sub 23 - Sub 48 - - - - Sub 32 -
Data Frame 13 Sub 23 Sub 8 Sub 55 - - - - - -
Data Frame 14 Sub 23 - - - - - - Sub 32 -
Data Frame 15 Sub 23 - Sub 55 - - - - - -

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Revert Channels – Enhanced GPS Revert Channel (Cont.)
• Repeater eventually frees up windows reserved for subscribers that stop transmitting GPS location
responses (e.g. when they go out of range).
• Subscriber considerations:
• Recommended to keep Enhanced GPS Revert channels in subscriber “Channel Pool” to prevent
users from selecting (and interfering with) Enhanced GPS Revert channels .
• A channel is configured as Enhanced GPS Revert by selecting its “Enhanced GPS” option. To send
responses to an Enhanced GPS Revert channel, the Enhanced GPS Revert channel needs to be
specified by the "GPS Revert" field of the selected channel
• Not recommended to transmit non-GPS data on GPS Revert channel. Only exception is for
Capacity Plus systems where ARS data is transmitted on GPS Revert channel.
• Repeater considerations:
• One or both slots can be configured as Enhanced GPS:
• For single site and IPSC – other slot could be used for voice or standard GPS revert
• For Capacity Plus – other slot could be used for data
• Repeater Window Size should match Subscriber Window Size
• Upper limit on windows used for periodic updates can be configured as 90%, 75%, 60% or 45%
• Remaining windows can be used for window assignment requests, non-GPS data, one-time GPS updates and
emptying out queued GPS data (accumulated while subscribers participating in voice calls).
• For an IPSC wide area Enhanced GPS Revert channel, the associated slot for one of the repeaters should
specify a periodic window reservation (90%, 75%, 60% and 45%), while the associated slots for the other
repeaters should be set to “None”.

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ARS Initialization Delay
• Upon power on, radios register with the Presence Notifier by sending ARS messages
immediately

• In a system with many radios powering on within a short time, there can be many
collisions between ARS registration messages.

• To reduce collisions, the user can configure (using CPS) the maximum value of an
initial random delay for ARS registration in a range of 0 min to 4 hours
– Note “0 min” means that ARS registration message will be sent out between 5 sec
- 15 sec (not delayed)

• When to use:
– To avoid collisions of large number of radios sending ARS in a short period of time
– In any scenario where large number of radios power on in a short period of time
and delay in ARS registration message can be tolerated

• When not to use:

– ARS registration message is immediately needed (text messaging from server to
radio may not work properly if this feature is enabled)

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Telemetry
• MOTOTRBO radios supports telemetry functionality for digital mode of
operation only.

• Basic built-in telemetry functionality allows the radio to translate the

receipt of a telemetry message to GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output)
action, and to translate GPIO action to a transmitted Telemetry text
message.

• MOTOTRBO also supports the configuration of radios as telemetry

transponders. The telemetry commands can be sent from the radio. The
radios may be used to automatically send information to the control and
receive status of another device, and to send messages to report the
status of local devices. A user can enter a number of text strings and
assign an action and a destination address to each string.

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Telemetry – Simple Tank Example

1. Programmable button 1 on Radio 1 is

pressed as shown by the leftmost button
turning blue.

2. Radio 1 sends a telemetry message to

Radio 2 as shown by the blue arrow going
from Radio 1 to Radio 2.

Disclaimer: This is just an illustrative example. Actual control of fluid tanks may
have regulatory requirements.

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Telemetry – Simple Tank Example (Cont.)

3. Radio 2 receives a telemetry message to

open the valve.

4. Radio 2 toggles the GPIO pin's voltage,

turning on the valve as shown by the line
from the GPIO and the valve turning blue.

5. The tank fills with liquid, trips the sensor and

pulls the GPIO pin to the active level as
shown by the sensor and GPIO line turning
red.

Disclaimer: This is just an illustrative example. Actual control of fluid tanks may
have regulatory requirements.

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Telemetry – Simple Tank Example (Cont.)
6. Radio 1 receives a telemetry message that
the tank is full.

7. Radio 1 sets the GPIO line high illuminating

the light bulb as shown by the line and bulb
turning red.

8. Programmable button 1 on Radio 1 is

pressed again to close the valve as shown
by the leftmost button turning blue.

9. Radio 1 sends a telemetry message to

Radio 2 as shown by the blue arrow going
from Radio 1 to Radio 2.

Disclaimer: This is just an illustrative example. Actual control of fluid tanks may
have regulatory requirements.

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Telemetry – Simple Tank Example (Cont.)

10. Radio 2 receives the telemetry message

and toggles the GPIO pin voltage low,
turning off the valve as shown by the line
from the GPIO connector and the valve
turning black.

11. The tank stops filling with liquid.

Disclaimer: This is just an illustrative example. Actual control of fluid tanks may
have regulatory requirements.

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Repeater IP Interface
• The Repeater IP interface supports the following I/O:

1. Wide area IPSC Voice/data Channels:

• Local IPSC voice/data channels:
1. Repeater to application voice Applications can send and receive voice and data.
2. Repeater to application data Applications can also send and receive control messages.
3. Bi-directional CSBKs This enables IP console and controller applications.

• Wide area IPSC voice/data channels:

2. Local IPSC and Capacity Plus Voice/Data Channels:
1. Bi-directional voice
2. Bi-directional data Applications can receive voice and data.
3. Bi-directional CSBKs Applications can also send and receive control messages
(e.g. radio check, radio disable, radio enable etc.).
• Local and wide area IPSC GPS revert channels: This enables IP voice/data logging applications.
1. Repeater to application data

3. GPS and Data Revert Channels:

• Capacity Plus voice/data (trunking) channels:
Applications can receive data.
1. Repeater to application voice
2. Repeater to application data This enables data applications without the need for control
stations on the GPS / Data Revert channels.
3. Bi-directional CSBKs
Note: Control stations will still be needed on local IPSC
voice/data channels and Capacity Plus voice/data (trunking)
• Capacity Plus data revert channels:
channels until these channels support bi-directional data.
1. Repeater to application data

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Accessories and Peripherals

• The MOTOTRBO Radios support an improved accessory and

peripherals interface. This new interface is Motorola’s platform for
the future accessory development and it is not backwards
compatible with older accessories.

• It supports the following capabilities:

- Enhanced Audio Functionality
- USB Capability
- Core peripherals
- RF Input/Output
- Rugged and Submersible

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Application Partner Program

• The MOTOTRBO system is complete and robust enough to fulfill the

diverse needs faced by a variety of customers.

• The Application Partner Program enables third party developers to create

customized applications that add value to customers in different vertical
applications.

• Motorola provides support to third party developers who are members of

the Application Partner Program.

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Application Partner Program – Application Development Kits

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Application Partner Program – Application Development Kits

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Summary

We have reached the end of the module.

You have covered the following successfully:

• MOTOTRBO system features

• MOTOTRBO portfolio
• MOTOTRBO data

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