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Union and Intersection Events

The document defines key probability concepts: 1) The intersection of events A and B is the outcomes that are elements of both A and B. The union is the outcomes that are elements of A or B or both. 2) The probability of an event E occurring is the number of outcomes for E divided by the total number of outcomes. 3) Mutually exclusive events cannot both occur, so the probability of their union is the sum of their probabilities. Non-mutually exclusive events can overlap. 4) The complement of an event E is the outcomes not in E, and its probability is 1 minus the probability of E.

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293 views34 pages

Union and Intersection Events

The document defines key probability concepts: 1) The intersection of events A and B is the outcomes that are elements of both A and B. The union is the outcomes that are elements of A or B or both. 2) The probability of an event E occurring is the number of outcomes for E divided by the total number of outcomes. 3) Mutually exclusive events cannot both occur, so the probability of their union is the sum of their probabilities. Non-mutually exclusive events can overlap. 4) The complement of an event E is the outcomes not in E, and its probability is 1 minus the probability of E.

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Jay Alabata
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UNION AND

INTERSECTION
OF EVENTS
DEFINITION OF
INTERSECTION:
The intersection of event A
and B, denoted 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, is
the collection of all
outcomes that are elements
of both of the sets
𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵. It corresponds to
combining descriptions of
the 2 events using the word
“and.”
Example: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
A even B even
P(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)= P(A)+P(B)-P(A
AND B)
5 5 3 7
= + − =
10 10 10 10
DEFINITION OF
UNION OF EVENTS:
The union of events
𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩, denoted 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩,
is the collection of all
outcomes that are
elements of one or the
other of the sets 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩,
or of both of them. It
corresponds to
combining descriptions
of the 2 events using the
word “or.”
Example:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A Even (2,4,6,8,10)
B Greater than 5
(6,7,8,9,10)

P(B happening given that


A has happened)
5 3 15 5 3
= . = ÷ =
10 5 50 5 10

PROBABILITY OF
SIMPLE EVENTS
DEFINITION:
If each of the outcomes
in a sample space is
equally likely to occur
FORMULA:
NUMBER OF WAYS THE EVENT CAN OCCUR
P(E)=
NUMBER OF POSSIBLE OUTCOMES
OR
NUMBER OF OUTCOMES IN THE EVENT
PE=
NUMBER OF OUTCOMES IN THE SAMPLE SPACE
Example:
Assume that we have a
standard deck of cards.
What is the probability of
the drawing a heart?
13 1
P(heart)= = = 0.25
52 4
DEFINITION OF
MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE
Events 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 are
mutually exclusive (cannot
both occur at once) if they
have no elements in
common.
Example:
H Drawing a heart
B Drawing a black card
P(H or B)= P(H)+P(B)
13 26 34 13 3
+ = ÷ =
52 52 52 13 4
COMPOUND EVENTS
DEFINITION
Compound events is an
event that has more than
one posible outcomes.
Example:
Sabel flipped a
quarter three times.
He got two heads and
one tail. What is the
probabilty of flipping
two heads and one
tail?
Q H H H
H H T
H T H T T T
3
H T T = 0.375
8
T H H
T H T
T T H
13 26
52 52
Example
H Drawing a heart
F Drawing a face cards
Formula:
P(H or F)=P(H)+P(F)–P(H and
F)
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟐𝟐
= + − =
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐
10 𝟑 9
52 𝟓𝟐 52
DEFINITION OF
NON MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE:
Mutually non exclusive
events if both the events
A and B have atleast one
common outcome
between them. The
events A and B cannot
prevent the occurrence
of one another so from
here we can say that the
events A and B have
something common in
them.
DEFINITION OF
COMPLEMENT:
The complement of an event is
the set of all outcomes that are
not in the event. This means
that if the probability of an
events, A, is P(A), then the
probability that the event
would not occur(also called the
complementary event) is 1-
P(A), denoted ny P(A’). Thus,
P(A’)=1-P(A).
What is the pobability of rolling
a die that getting an even
number?
𝟑 𝟏
P(E)= =
𝟔 𝟐
EXAMPLE:
For a dice
𝟐 𝟏
P(>4)= =
𝟔 𝟑
P(Complement >4)=𝑷(≤ 𝟒)
𝟒 𝟐
= = P(>4)+(Complement
𝟔 𝟑
>4)

𝟏 𝟐
= + =𝟏
Figure 1
𝟑 𝟑

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