Start/Stop The Odoo Server: Composition of A Module

Start/Stop the Odoo server
Odoo uses a client/server architecture in which clients are web browsers accessing the Odoo server via
RPC.
Business logic and extension is generally performed on the server side, although supporting client
features (e.g. new data representation such as interactive maps) can be added to the client.
In order to start the server, simply invoke the command odoo-bin in the shell, adding the full path to the
file if necessary:
odoo-bin
The server is stopped by hitting Ctrl-C twice from the terminal, or by killing the corresponding OS
process.
Build an Odoo module

Both server and client extensions are packaged as modules which are optionally loaded in a database.
Odoo modules can either add brand new business logic to an Odoo system, or alter and extend existing
business logic: a module can be created to add your country’s accounting rules to Odoo’s generic
accounting support, while the next module adds support for real-time visualisation of a bus fleet.
Everything in Odoo thus starts and ends with modules.
Composition of a module
An Odoo module can contain a number of elements:
Business objects
Declared as Python classes, these resources are automatically persisted by Odoo based on their
configuration
Data files
XML or CSV files declaring metadata (views or reports), configuration data (modules
parameterization), demonstration data and more
Web controllers
Handle requests from web browsers
Static web data

Images, CSS or javascript files used by the web interface or website
Module structure
Each module is a directory within a module directory. Module directories are specified by using the --
addons-path option.
most command-line options can also be set using a configuration file
An Odoo module is declared by its manifest. See the manifest documentation about it.
A module is also a Python package with a __init__.py file, containing import instructions for various
Python files in the module.
For instance, if the module has a single mymodule.py file __init__.py might contain:
from . import mymodule
Odoo provides a mechanism to help set up a new module, odoo-bin has a subcommand scaffold to
create an empty module:
$ odoo-bin scaffold <module name> <where to put it>
The command creates a subdirectory for your module, and automatically creates a bunch of standard
files for a module. Most of them simply contain commented code or XML. The usage of most of those
files will be explained along this tutorial.
Exercise
Module creation
Use the command line above to create an empty module Open Academy, and install it in Odoo.
1. Invoke the command odoo-bin scaffold openacademy addons .
2.Adapt the manifest file to your module.
3.Don’t bother about the other files.

openacademy/__manifest__.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
{
'name': "Open Academy",
'summary': """Manage trainings""",
'description': """
Open Academy module for managing trainings:
- training courses
- training sessions
- attendees registration
""",
'author': "My Company",

'website': "http://www.yourcompany.com",
# Categories can be used to filter modules in modules listing

# Check
https://github.com/odoo/odoo/blob/12.0/odoo/addons/base/data/ir_module_cate
gory_data.xml
# for the full list
'category': 'Test',
'version': '0.1',
# any module necessary for this one to work correctly

'depends': ['base'],
# always loaded
'data': [
# 'security/ir.model.access.csv',
'templates.xml',
],
# only loaded in demonstration mode
'demo': [
'demo.xml',
],
}
openacademy/__init__.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from . import controllers
from . import models
openacademy/controllers.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from odoo import http
# class Openacademy(http.Controller):
# @http.route('/openacademy/openacademy/', auth='public')
# def index(self, **kw):
# return "Hello, world"
# @http.route('/openacademy/openacademy/objects/', auth='public')
# def list(self, **kw):
# return http.request.render('openacademy.listing', {
# 'root': '/openacademy/openacademy',
# 'objects': http.request.env['openacademy.openacademy'].search([]),
# })
#
@http.route('/openacademy/openacademy/objects/<model("openacademy.open
academy"):obj>/', auth='public')
# def object(self, obj, **kw):
# return http.request.render('openacademy.object', {
# 'object': obj
# })
openacademy/demo.xml
<odoo>




>


>


>


>


</odoo>
openacademy/models.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from odoo import models, fields, api
# class openacademy(models.Model):
# _name = 'openacademy.openacademy'
# name = fields.Char()
openacademy/security/ir.model.access.csv
id,name,model_id/id,group_id/
id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink
access_openacademy_openacademy,openacademy.openacademy,model_openac
ademy_openacademy,,1,0,0,0
openacademy/templates.xml
<odoo>



















</odoo>
Object-Relational Mapping
A key component of Odoo is the layer. This layer avoids having to write most by hand and provides
extensibility and security services2.
Business objects are declared as Python classes extending Model which integrates them into the
automated persistence system.
Models can be configured by setting a number of attributes at their definition. The most important
attribute is _name which is required and defines the name for the model in the Odoo system. Here is
a minimally complete definition of a model:
from odoo import models
class MinimalModel(models.Model):
_name = 'test.model'
Model fields
Fields are used to define what the model can store and where. Fields are defined as attributes on the
model class:
from odoo import models, fields
class LessMinimalModel(models.Model):
_name = 'test.model2'
name = fields.Char()
Common Attributes
Much like the model itself, its fields can be configured, by passing configuration attributes as
parameters:
name = field.Char(required=True)
Some attributes are available on all fields, here are the most common ones:
string (unicode, default: field’s name)

The label of the field in UI (visible by users).
required (bool, default: False)

If True, the field can not be empty, it must either have a default value or always be given a
value when creating a record.
help (unicode, default: '')

Long-form, provides a help tooltip to users in the UI.
index (bool, default: False)

Requests that Odoo create a database index on the column.
Simple fields
There are two broad categories of fields: “simple” fields which are atomic values stored directly in the
model’s table and “relational” fields linking records (of the same model or of different models).
Example of simple fields are Boolean, Date, Char.
Reserved fields
Odoo creates a few fields in all models1. These fields are managed by the system and shouldn’t be
written to. They can be read if useful or necessary:
id (Id)
The unique identifier for a record in its model.
create_date (Datetime)
Creation date of the record.
create_uid (Many2one)
User who created the record.
write_date (Datetime)
Last modification date of the record.
write_uid (Many2one)
user who last modified the record.
Special fields
By default, Odoo also requires a name field on all models for various display and search behaviors.
The field used for these purposes can be overridden by setting _rec_name.
Exercise
Define a model
Define a new data model Course in the openacademy module. A course has a title and a description.
Courses must have a title.
Edit the file openacademy/models/models.py to include a Course class.
class Course(models.Model):
_name = 'openacademy.course'
_description = "OpenAcademy Courses"
name = fields.Char(string="Title", required=True)

description = fields.Text()
Data files
Odoo is a highly data driven system. Although behavior is customized using Python code part of a
module’s value is in the data it sets up when loaded.
some modules exist solely to add data into Odoo
Module data is declared via data files, XML files with <record> elements.
Each <record> element creates or updates a database record.
<odoo>
<record model="{model name}" id="{record identifier}">

<field name="{a field name}">{a value}</field>
</record>
</odoo>
• model is the name of the Odoo model for the record.
• id is an external identifier, it allows referring to the record (without having to know its in-
database identifier).
• <field> elements have a name which is the name of the field in the model
(e.g. description). Their body is the field’s value.
Data files have to be declared in the manifest file to be loaded, they can be declared in the 'data' list
(always loaded) or in the 'demo' list (only loaded in demonstration mode).
Exercise
Define demonstration data
Create demonstration data filling the Courses model with a few demonstration courses.
Edit the file openacademy/demo/demo.xml to include some data.
openacademy/demo.xml
<odoo>
<record model="openacademy.course" id="course0">

<field name="name">Course 0</field>
<field name="description">Course 0's description
Can have multiple lines

</field>
</record>

</record>
<field name="description">Course 2's description</field>
</record>
</odoo>
The content of the data files is only loaded when a module is installed or updated.
After making some changes, do not forget to use odoo-bin -u openacademy to save the changes to your
database.
Actions and Menus

Actions and menus are regular records in database, usually declared through data files. Actions can be
triggered in three ways:
1. by clicking on menu items (linked to specific actions)
2. by clicking on buttons in views (if these are connected to actions)
3. as contextual actions on object

Because menus are somewhat complex to declare there is a <menuitem> shortcut to declare
an ir.ui.menu and connect it to the corresponding action more easily.
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="action_list_ideas">
<field name="name">Ideas</field>
<field name="res_model">idea.idea</field>
<field name="view_mode">tree,form</field>
</record>
<menuitem id="menu_ideas" parent="menu_root" name="Ideas" sequence="10"
action="action_list_ideas"/>
Danger
The action must be declared before its corresponding menu in the XML file.
Data files are executed sequentially, the action’s id must be present in the database before the menu
can be created.
Exercise
Define new menu entries
Define new menu entries to access courses under the OpenAcademy menu entry. A user should be able to :
•display a list of all the courses

•create/modify courses
1. Create openacademy/views/openacademy.xml with an action and the menus

triggering the action
2. Add it to the data list of openacademy/__manifest__.py

'data': [
'templates.xml',
'views/openacademy.xml',
],
'demo': [
openacademy/views/openacademy.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<odoo>



<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="course_list_action">
<field name="name">Courses</field>
<field name="res_model">openacademy.course</field>
<field name="view_type">form</field>
<field name="help" type="html">
<p class="o_view_nocontent_smiling_face">Create the first
course
</p>
</field>
</record>


<menuitem id="main_openacademy_menu" name="Open
Academy"/>

<menuitem id="openacademy_menu" name="Open Academy"
parent="main_openacademy_menu"/>

<menuitem id="courses_menu" name="Courses"
parent="openacademy_menu"
action="course_list_action"/>

</odoo>
Basic views
Views define the way the records of a model are displayed. Each type of view represents a mode of
visualization (a list of records, a graph of their aggregation, …). Views can either be requested
generically via their type (e.g. a list of partners) or specifically via their id. For generic requests, the
view with the correct type and the lowest priority will be used (so the lowest-priority view of each type
is the default view for that type).
View inheritance allows altering views declared elsewhere (adding or removing content).
Generic view declaration

A view is declared as a record of the model ir.ui.view. The view type is implied by the root element
of the arch field:
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="view_id">
<field name="name">view.name</field>
<field name="model">object_name</field>
<field name="priority" eval="16"/>
<field name="arch" type="xml">

</field>
</record>
Danger
The view’s content is XML.
The arch field must thus be declared as type="xml" to be parsed correctly.
Tree views
Tree views, also called list views, display records in a tabular form.
Their root element is <tree>. The simplest form of the tree view simply lists all the fields to display
in the table (each field as a column):
<tree string="Idea list">
<field name="name"/>
<field name="inventor_id"/>
</tree>
Form views
Forms are used to create and edit single records.
Their root element is <form>. They are composed of high-level structure elements (groups,
notebooks) and interactive elements (buttons and fields):
<form string="Idea form">
<group colspan="4">
<group colspan="2" col="2">
<separator string="General stuff" colspan="2"/>
</group>

<separator string="Dates" colspan="2"/>
<field name="active"/>
<field name="invent_date" readonly="1"/>
</group>
<notebook colspan="4">
<page string="Description">
<field name="description" nolabel="1"/>
</page>
</notebook>
<field name="state"/>
</group>
</form>
Exercise
Customise form view using XML
Create your own form view for the Course object. Data displayed should be: the name and the description of the
course.

<odoo>
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="course_form_view">

<field name="name">course.form</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.course</field>
<form string="Course Form">
<sheet>
<group>
<field name="description"/>
</group>
</sheet>
</form>
</field>
</record>




<record model="ir.ui.view" id="session_form_view">
<field name="name">session.form</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.session</field>
<form string="Session Form">
<sheet>
<group>
<field name="start_date"/>
<field name="duration"/>
<field name="seats"/>
</group>
</sheet>
</form>
</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="session_list_action">

<field name="name">Sessions</field>
<field name="res_model">openacademy.session</field>
</record>
<menuitem id="session_menu" name="Sessions"

action="session_list_action"/>
</odoo>
digits=(6, 2) specifies the precision of a float number: 6 is the total number of digits, while 2 is the
number of digits after the comma. Note that it results in the number digits before the comma is a maximum 4
Relational fields
Relational fields link records, either of the same model (hierarchies) or between different models.
Relational field types are:
Many2one(other_model, ondelete='set null')
A simple link to an other object:
print foo.other_id.name
See also
foreign keys
One2many(other_model, related_field)
A virtual relationship, inverse of a Many2one. A One2many behaves as a container of

records, accessing it results in a (possibly empty) set of records:
for other in foo.other_ids:

print other.name
Danger
Because a One2many is a virtual relationship, there must be a Many2one field in
the other_model , and its name must be related_field
Many2many(other_model)
Bidirectional multiple relationship, any record on one side can be related to any number of
records on the other side. Behaves as a container of records, accessing it also results in a
possibly empty set of records:
for other in foo.other_ids:

print other.name
Exercise
Many2one relations
Using a many2one, modify the Course and Session models to reflect their relation with other models:
• A course has a responsible user; the value of that field is a record of the built-in model res.users .
• A session has an instructor; the value of that field is a record of the built-in model res.partner .
• A session is related to a course; the value of that field is a record of the
model openacademy.course and is required.
•Adapt the views.
1. Add the relevant Many2one fields to the models, and
2.add them in the views.


responsible_id = fields.Many2one('res.users',
ondelete='set null', string="Responsible", index=True)
start_date = fields.Date()
instructor_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', string="Instructor")

course_id = fields.Many2one('openacademy.course',
ondelete='cascade', string="Course", required=True)
<sheet>
<group>
<field name="responsible_id"/>
</group>
<notebook>
</field>
</record>

<record model="ir.ui.view" id="course_tree_view">
<field name="name">course.tree</field>
<tree string="Course Tree">
<field name="responsible_id"/>
</tree>
</field>
</record>



<record model="ir.ui.view" id="session_tree_view">
<field name="name">session.tree</field>
<tree string="Session Tree">
</tree>
</field>
</record>

Exercise
Inverse one2many relations
Using the inverse relational field one2many, modify the models to reflect the relation between courses and
sessions.
1. Modify the Course class, and
2.add the field in the course form view.

responsible_id = fields.Many2one('res.users',
ondelete='set null', string="Responsible", index=True)
session_ids = fields.One2many(
'openacademy.session', 'course_id', string="Sessions")
</page>
<page string="Sessions">
<field name="session_ids">
<tree string="Registered sessions">
</tree>
</field>
</page>
</notebook>
</sheet>
Exercise
Multiple many2many relations
Using the relational field many2many, modify the Session model to relate every session to a set
of attendees. Attendees will be represented by partner records, so we will relate to the built-in
model res.partner . Adapt the views accordingly.
1. Modify the Session class, and
2.add the field in the form view.

instructor_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', string="Instructor")
attendee_ids = fields.Many2many('res.partner', string="Attendees")
</group>
</group>
<label for="attendee_ids"/>
<field name="attendee_ids"/>
</sheet>
</form>
</field>
Inheritance
Model inheritance
Odoo provides two inheritance mechanisms to extend an existing model in a modular way.
The first inheritance mechanism allows a module to modify the behavior of a model defined in another
module:
• add fields to a model,
• override the definition of fields on a model,
• add constraints to a model,
• add methods to a model,
• override existing methods on a model.

The second inheritance mechanism (delegation) allows to link every record of a model to a record in a
parent model, and provides transparent access to the fields of the parent record.
See also
• _inherit
• _inherits
View inheritance
Instead of modifying existing views in place (by overwriting them), Odoo provides view inheritance
where children “extension” views are applied on top of root views, and can add or remove content from
their parent.
An extension view references its parent using the inherit_id field, and instead of a single view
its arch field is composed of any number of xpath elements selecting and altering the content of
their parent view:

<record id="idea_category_list2" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">id.category.list2</field>
<field name="model">idea.category</field>
<field name="inherit_id" ref="id_category_list"/>

<xpath expr="//field[@name='description']" position="after">
<field name="idea_ids" string="Number of ideas"/>
</xpath>
</field>
</record>
expr
An XPath expression selecting a single element in the parent view. Raises an error if it matches
no element or more than one
position
Operation to apply to the matched element:
inside
appends xpath’s body at the end of the matched element
replace
replaces the matched element with the xpath’s body, replacing any $0 node
occurrence in the new body with the original element
before
inserts the xpath’s body as a sibling before the matched element
after
inserts the xpaths’s body as a sibling after the matched element
attributes
alters the attributes of the matched element using special attribute elements in
the xpath’s body
When matching a single element, the position attribute can be set directly on the element to be
found. Both inheritances below will give the same result.
<xpath expr="//field[@name='description']" position="after">
<field name="idea_ids" />
</xpath>
<field name="description" position="after">

<field name="idea_ids" />
</field>
Exercise
Alter existing content
• Using model inheritance, modify the existing Partner model to add an instructor boolean field, and a
many2many field that corresponds to the session-partner relation
•Using view inheritance, display this fields in the partner form view
This is the opportunity to introduce the developer mode to inspect the view, find its external ID and the place to
put the new field.
1. Create a file openacademy/models/partner.py and import it in __init__.py
2. Create a file openacademy/views/partner.xml and add it to __manifest__.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from . import partner
'templates.xml',
'views/partner.xml',
],
'demo': [
openacademy/partner.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from odoo import fields, models
class Partner(models.Model):
_inherit = 'res.partner'
# Add a new column to the res.partner model, by default partners are not
# instructors
instructor = fields.Boolean("Instructor", default=False)
session_ids = fields.Many2many('openacademy.session',
string="Attended Sessions", readonly=True)
openacademy/views/partner.xml
<odoo>


<record model="ir.ui.view" id="partner_instructor_form_view">
<field name="name">partner.instructor</field>
<field name="model">res.partner</field>
<field name="inherit_id" ref="base.view_partner_form"/>
<notebook position="inside">
<page string="Sessions">
<group>
<field name="instructor"/>
<field name="session_ids"/>
</group>
</page>
</notebook>
</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="contact_list_action">

<field name="name">Contacts</field>
<field name="res_model">res.partner</field>
</record>
<menuitem id="configuration_menu" name="Configuration"
parent="main_openacademy_menu"/>
<menuitem id="contact_menu" name="Contacts"
parent="configuration_menu"
action="contact_list_action"/>
</odoo>
Domains
In Odoo, Domains are values that encode conditions on records. A domain is a list of criteria used to
select a subset of a model’s records. Each criteria is a triple with a field name, an operator and a value.
For instance, when used on the Product model the following domain selects all services with a unit
price over 1000:
[('product_type', '=', 'service'), ('unit_price', '>', 1000)]
By default criteria are combined with an implicit AND. The logical operators & (AND), | (OR)
and ! (NOT) can be used to explicitly combine criteria. They are used in prefix position (the operator is
inserted before its arguments rather than between). For instance to select products “which are
services OR have a unit price which is NOT between 1000 and 2000”:
['|',
('product_type', '=', 'service'),
'!', '&',
('unit_price', '>=', 1000),
('unit_price', '<', 2000)]
A domain parameter can be added to relational fields to limit valid records for the relation when
trying to select records in the client interface.
Exercise
Domains on relational fields
When selecting the instructor for a Session, only instructors (partners with instructor set to True )
should be visible.

instructor_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', string="Instructor",

domain=[('instructor', '=', True)])
A domain declared as a literal list is evaluated server-side and can’t refer to dynamic values on the right-hand
side, a domain declared as a string is evaluated client-side and allows field names on the right-hand side
Exercise
More complex domains
Create new partner categories Teacher / Level 1 and Teacher / Level 2. The instructor for a session can be
either an instructor or a teacher (of any level).
1. Modify the Session model’s domain
2. Modify openacademy/view/partner.xml to get access to Partner categories:


domain=['|', ('instructor', '=', True),
('category_id.name', 'ilike', "Teacher")])
openacademy/views/partner.xml
action="contact_list_action"/>
<record model="ir.actions.act_window"
id="contact_cat_list_action">
<field name="name">Contact Tags</field>
<field name="res_model">res.partner.category</field>
</record>
<menuitem id="contact_cat_menu" name="Contact Tags"
action="contact_cat_list_action"/>
<record model="res.partner.category" id="teacher1">

<field name="name">Teacher / Level 1</field>
</record>
<record model="res.partner.category" id="teacher2">
<field name="name">Teacher / Level 2</field>
</record>
</odoo>
Computed fields and default values

So far fields have been stored directly in and retrieved directly from the database. Fields can also
be computed. In that case, the field’s value is not retrieved from the database but computed on-the-fly
by calling a method of the model.
To create a computed field, create a field and set its attribute compute to the name of a method. The
computation method should simply set the value of the field to compute on every record in self.
Danger
self is a collection
The object self is a recordset, i.e., an ordered collection of records. It supports the standard Python
operations on collections, like len(self) and iter(self) , plus extra set operations like recs1 +
recs2 .
Iterating over self gives the records one by one, where each record is itself a collection of size 1. You
can access/assign fields on single records by using the dot notation, like record.name .
import random
class ComputedModel(models.Model):
_name = 'test.computed'
name = fields.Char(compute='_compute_name')
@api.multi
def _compute_name(self):
for record in self:
record.name = str(random.randint(1, 1e6))
Dependencies
The value of a computed field usually depends on the values of other fields on the computed record.
The ORM expects the developer to specify those dependencies on the compute method with the
decorator depends(). The given dependencies are used by the ORM to trigger the recomputation of
the field whenever some of its dependencies have been modified:
class ComputedModel(models.Model):
_name = 'test.computed'
name = fields.Char(compute='_compute_name')
value = fields.Integer()
@api.depends('value')
def _compute_name(self):
for record in self:
record.name = "Record with value %s" % record.value
Exercise
Computed fields
• Add the percentage of taken seats to the Session model

•Display that field in the tree and form views
•Display the field as a progress bar
1. Add a computed field to Session
2. Show the field in the Session view:

taken_seats = fields.Float(string="Taken seats",

compute='_taken_seats')
@api.depends('seats', 'attendee_ids')
def _taken_seats(self):
for r in self:
if not r.seats:
r.taken_seats = 0.0
else:
r.taken_seats = 100.0 * len(r.attendee_ids) / r.seats
<field name="taken_seats"
widget="progressbar"/>
</group>
</group>
<label for="attendee_ids"/>
<tree string="Session Tree">
<field name="taken_seats" widget="progressbar"/>
</tree>
</field>
</record>
Default values
Any field can be given a default value. In the field definition, add the option default=X where X is
either a Python literal value (boolean, integer, float, string), or a function taking a recordset and
returning a value:
name = fields.Char(default="Unknown")
user_id = fields.Many2one('res.users', default=lambda self: self.env.user)
The object self.env gives access to request parameters and other useful things:
• self.env.cr or self._cr is the database cursor object; it is used for querying the database
• self.env.uid or self._uid is the current user’s database id
• self.env.user is the current user’s record
• self.env.context or self._context is the context dictionary
• self.env.ref(xml_id) returns the record corresponding to an XML id
• self.env[model_name] returns an instance of the given model
Exercise
Active objects – Default values
• Define the start_date default value as today (see Date ).

• Add a field active in the class Session, and set sessions as active by default.
_description = "OpenAcademy Sessions"
name = fields.Char(required=True)
start_date = fields.Date(default=fields.Date.today)
active = fields.Boolean(default=True)

<field name="active"/>
</group>
<group string="Schedule">
Odoo has built-in rules making fields with an active field set to False invisible.
Onchange
The “onchange” mechanism provides a way for the client interface to update a form whenever the user
has filled in a value in a field, without saving anything to the database.
For instance, suppose a model has three fields amount, unit_price and price, and you want to
update the price on the form when any of the other fields is modified. To achieve this, define a method
where self represents the record in the form view, and decorate it with onchange() to specify on
which field it has to be triggered. Any change you make on self will be reflected on the form.

<field name="amount"/>
<field name="unit_price"/>
<field name="price" readonly="1"/>
# onchange handler
@api.onchange('amount', 'unit_price')
def _onchange_price(self):
# set auto-changing field
self.price = self.amount * self.unit_price
# Can optionally return a warning and domains
return {
'warning': {
'title': "Something bad happened",
'message': "It was very bad indeed",
}
}
For computed fields, valued onchange behavior is built-in as can be seen by playing with
the Session form: change the number of seats or participants, and the taken_seats progressbar is
automatically updated.
Exercise
Warning
Add an explicit onchange to warn about invalid values, like a negative number of seats, or more participants than
seats.
r.taken_seats = 0.0
else:
r.taken_seats = 100.0 * len(r.attendee_ids) / r.seats
@api.onchange('seats', 'attendee_ids')
def _verify_valid_seats(self):
if self.seats < 0:
return {
'warning': {
'title': "Incorrect 'seats' value",
'message': "The number of available seats may not be
negative",
},
}
if self.seats < len(self.attendee_ids):
return {
'warning': {
'title': "Too many attendees",
'message': "Increase seats or remove excess
attendees",
},
}
Model constraints
Odoo provides two ways to set up automatically verified invariants: Python
constraints and SQL constraints.
A Python constraint is defined as a method decorated with constrains(), and invoked on a

recordset. The decorator specifies which fields are involved in the constraint, so that the constraint is
automatically evaluated when one of them is modified. The method is expected to raise an exception if
its invariant is not satisfied:
from odoo.exceptions import ValidationError
@api.constrains('age')
def _check_something(self):
for record in self:
if record.age > 20:
raise ValidationError("Your record is too old: %s" % record.age)
# all records passed the test, don't return anything
Exercise
Add Python constraints
Add a constraint that checks that the instructor is not present in the attendees of his/her own session.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from odoo import models, fields, api, exceptions
'message': "Increase seats or remove excess
attendees",
},
}
@api.constrains('instructor_id', 'attendee_ids')
def _check_instructor_not_in_attendees(self):
for r in self:
if r.instructor_id and r.instructor_id in r.attendee_ids:
raise exceptions.ValidationError("A session's instructor
can't be an attendee")
SQL constraints are defined through the model attribute _sql_constraints. The latter is assigned
to a list of triples of strings (name, sql_definition, message), where name is a valid SQL
constraint name, sql_definition is a table_constraint expression, and message is the error
message.
Exercise
Add SQL constraints
With the help of PostgreSQL’s documentation , add the following constraints:
1.CHECK that the course description and the course title are different
2.Make the Course’s name UNIQUE

_sql_constraints = [
('name_description_check',
'CHECK(name != description)',
"The title of the course should not be the description"),
('name_unique',
'UNIQUE(name)',
"The course title must be unique"),
]
Exercise
Exercise 6 - Add a duplicate option
Since we added a constraint for the Course name uniqueness, it is not possible to use the “duplicate” function
anymore (Form ‣ Duplicate Duplicate).
Re-implement your own “copy” method which allows to duplicate the Course object, changing the original name
into “Copy of [original name]”.
@api.multi
def copy(self, default=None):
default = dict(default or {})
copied_count = self.search_count(
[('name', '=like', u"Copy of {}%".format(self.name))])
if not copied_count:
new_name = u"Copy of {}".format(self.name)
else:
new_name = u"Copy of {} ({})".format(self.name,
copied_count)
default['name'] = new_name
return super(Course, self).copy(default)
_sql_constraints = [
('name_description_check',
'CHECK(name != description)',
Advanced Views
Tree views
Tree views can take supplementary attributes to further customize their behavior:
decoration-{$name}
allow changing the style of a row’s text based on the corresponding record’s attributes.
Values are Python expressions. For each record, the expression is evaluated with the record’s
attributes as context values and if true, the corresponding style is applied to the row. Other
context values are uid (the id of the current user) and current_date (the current date as a
string of the form yyyy-MM-dd).
{$name} can be bf (font-weight: bold), it (font-style: italic), or
any bootstrap contextual
color (danger, info, muted, primary, success or warning).
<tree string="Idea Categories" decoration-info="state=='draft'"

decoration-danger="state=='trashed'">
<field name="state"/>
</tree>
editable
Either "top" or "bottom". Makes the tree view editable in-place (rather than having to go
through the form view), the value is the position where new rows appear.
Exercise
List coloring
Modify the Session tree view in such a way that sessions lasting less than 5 days are colored blue, and the ones
lasting more than 15 days are colored red.
Modify the session tree view:
<field name="name">session.tree</field>
<tree string="Session Tree" decoration-
info="duration<5" decoration-danger="duration>15">
<field name="duration" invisible="1"/>
<field name="taken_seats" widget="progressbar"/>
</tree>
</field>
Calendars
Displays records as calendar events. Their root element is <calendar> and their most common
attributes are:
color
The name of the field used for color segmentation. Colors are automatically distributed to
events, but events in the same color segment (records which have the same value for
their @color field) will be given the same color.
date_start
record’s field holding the start date/time for the event
date_stop (optional)
record’s field holding the end date/time for the event
string
record’s field to define the label for each calendar event
<calendar string="Ideas" date_start="invent_date" color="inventor_id">

</calendar>
Exercise
Calendar view
Add a Calendar view to the Session model enabling the user to view the events associated to the Open
Academy.
1. Add an end_date field computed from start_date and duration
the inverse function makes the field writable, and allows moving the sessions (via drag and drop) in the
calendar view
2. Add a calendar view to the Session model
3. And add the calendar view to the Session model’s actions

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from datetime import timedelta

from odoo import models, fields, api, exceptions
taken_seats = fields.Float(string="Taken seats",
compute='_taken_seats')
end_date = fields.Date(string="End Date", store=True,
compute='_get_end_date', inverse='_set_end_date')
},
}
@api.depends('start_date', 'duration')
def _get_end_date(self):
for r in self:
if not (r.start_date and r.duration):
r.end_date = r.start_date
continue
# Add duration to start_date, but: Monday + 5 days = Saturday,

so
# subtract one second to get on Friday instead
duration = timedelta(days=r.duration, seconds=-1)
r.end_date = r.start_date + duration
def _set_end_date(self):
for r in self:
if not (r.start_date and r.end_date):
continue
# Compute the difference between dates, but: Friday - Monday =

4 days,
# so add one day to get 5 days instead
r.duration = (r.end_date - r.start_date).days + 1
for r in self:
</field>
</record>


<record model="ir.ui.view" id="session_calendar_view">
<field name="name">session.calendar</field>
<calendar string="Session Calendar"
date_start="start_date" date_stop="end_date" color="instructor_id">
</calendar>
</field>
</record>

<field name="view_mode">tree,form,calendar</field>
</record>
Search views
Search view <field> elements can have a @filter_domain that overrides the domain generated
for searching on the given field. In the given domain, self represents the value entered by the user. In
the example below, it is used to search on both fields name and description.
Search views can also contain <filter> elements, which act as toggles for predefined searches.
Filters must have one of the following attributes:
domain
add the given domain to the current search
context
add some context to the current search; use the key group_by to group results on the given
field name
<search string="Ideas">
<field name="description" string="Name and description"
filter_domain="['|', ('name', 'ilike', self), ('description', 'ilike', self)]"/>
<field name="country_id" widget="selection"/>
<filter name="my_ideas" string="My Ideas"

domain="[('inventor_id', '=', uid)]"/>
<group string="Group By">
<filter name="group_by_inventor" string="Inventor"
context="{'group_by': 'inventor_id'}"/>
</group>
</search>
To use a non-default search view in an action, it should be linked using the search_view_id field
of the action record.
The action can also set default values for search fields through its context field: context keys of the
form search_default_field_name will initialize field_name with the provided value. Search
filters must have an optional @name to have a default and behave as booleans (they can only be
enabled by default).
Exercise
Search views
1.Add a button to filter the courses for which the current user is the responsible in the course search
view. Make it selected by default.
2.Add a button to group courses by responsible user.

<search>
<filter name="my_courses" string="My Courses"
domain="[('responsible_id', '=', uid)]"/>
<group string="Group By">
<filter name="by_responsible"
string="Responsible"
context="{'group_by': 'responsible_id'}"/>
</group>
</search>
</field>
</record>
<field name="context" eval="{'search_default_my_courses':
1}"/>
<field name="help" type="html">
<p class="o_view_nocontent_smiling_face">Create the first
course
</p>
Gantt
Warning
The gantt view requires the web_gantt module which is present in the enterprise edition version.
Horizontal bar charts typically used to show project planning and advancement, their root element
is <gantt>.
<gantt string="Ideas"
date_start="invent_date"
date_stop="date_finished"
progress="progress"
default_group_by="inventor_id" />
Exercise
Gantt charts
Add a Gantt Chart enabling the user to view the sessions scheduling linked to the Open Academy module. The
sessions should be grouped by instructor.
1.Create a computed field expressing the session’s duration in hours
2. Add the gantt view’s definition, and add the gantt view to the Session model’s action
end_date = fields.Date(string="End Date", store=True,
compute='_get_end_date', inverse='_set_end_date')
hours = fields.Float(string="Duration in hours",
compute='_get_hours', inverse='_set_hours')
for r in self:
# so add one day to get 5 days instead
r.duration = (r.end_date - r.start_date).days + 1
@api.depends('duration')
def _get_hours(self):
for r in self:
r.hours = r.duration * 24
def _set_hours(self):
for r in self:
r.duration = r.hours / 24
for r in self:
</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="session_gantt_view">

<field name="name">session.gantt</field>
<gantt string="Session Gantt"
date_start="start_date" date_delay="hours"
default_group_by='instructor_id'>

</gantt>
</field>
</record>
<field name="view_mode">tree,form,calendar,gantt</field>
</record>
Graph views
Graph views allow aggregated overview and analysis of models, their root element is <graph>.
Pivot views (element <pivot> ) a multidimensional table, allows the selection of filers and dimensions
to get the right aggregated dataset before moving to a more graphical overview. The pivot view shares the same
content definition as graph views.
Graph views have 4 display modes, the default mode is selected using the @type attribute.
Bar (default)
a bar chart, the first dimension is used to define groups on the horizontal axis, other dimensions
define aggregated bars within each group.
By default bars are side-by-side, they can be stacked by using @stacked="True" on

the <graph>
Line
2-dimensional line chart
Pie
2-dimensional pie
Graph views contain <field> with a mandatory @type attribute taking the values:
row (default)
the field should be aggregated by default
measure
the field should be aggregated rather than grouped on
<graph string="Total idea score by Inventor">

<field name="score" type="measure"/>
</graph>
Warning
Graph views perform aggregations on database values, they do not work with non-stored computed fields.
Exercise
Graph view
Add a Graph view in the Session object that displays, for each course, the number of attendees under the form of
a bar chart.
1.Add the number of attendees as a stored computed field
2.Then add the relevant view

hours = fields.Float(string="Duration in hours",
compute='_get_hours', inverse='_set_hours')
attendees_count = fields.Integer(
string="Attendees count", compute='_get_attendees_count',
store=True)
for r in self:
for r in self:
r.duration = r.hours / 24
@api.depends('attendee_ids')
def _get_attendees_count(self):
for r in self:
r.attendees_count = len(r.attendee_ids)
for r in self:
</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.ui.view"
id="openacademy_session_graph_view">
<field name="name">openacademy.session.graph</field>
<graph string="Participations by Courses">
<field name="attendees_count" type="measure"/>
</graph>
</field>
</record>

<field
name="view_mode">tree,form,calendar,gantt,graph</field>
</record>
Kanban
Used to organize tasks, production processes, etc… their root element is <kanban>.
A kanban view shows a set of cards possibly grouped in columns. Each card represents a record, and
each column the values of an aggregation field.
For instance, project tasks may be organized by stage (each column is a stage), or by responsible (each
column is a user), and so on.
Kanban views define the structure of each card as a mix of form elements (including basic HTML)
and QWeb.
Exercise
Kanban view
Add a Kanban view that displays sessions grouped by course (columns are thus courses).
1. Add an integer color field to the Session model
2.Add the kanban view and update the action

active = fields.Boolean(default=True)
color = fields.Integer()

</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="view_openacad_session_kanban">

<field name="name">openacademy.session.kanban</field>
<kanban default_group_by="course_id">
<field name="color"/>
<templates>
<t t-name="kanban-box">
<div
t-attf-
class="oe_kanban_color_{{kanban_getcolor(record.color.raw_value)}}
oe_kanban_global_click_edit oe_semantic_html_override
oe_kanban_card
{{record.group_fancy==1 ? 'oe_kanban_card_fancy' : ''}}">
<div class="oe_dropdown_kanban">

<div class="oe_dropdown_toggle">
<i class="fa fa-bars fa-lg"
title="Manage" aria-label="Manage"/>
<ul class="oe_dropdown_menu">
<li>
<a
type="delete">Delete</a>
</li>
<li>
<ul
class="oe_kanban_colorpicker"
data-field="color"/>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="oe_clear"></div>
</div>
<div t-attf-class="oe_kanban_content">

Session name:
<br/>
Start date:
<br/>
duration:
</div>
</div>
</t>
</templates>
</kanban>
</field>
</record>

<field
name="view_mode">tree,form,calendar,gantt,graph,kanban</field>
</record>
Security
Access control mechanisms must be configured to achieve a coherent security policy.
Group-based access control mechanisms

Groups are created as normal records on the model res.groups, and granted menu access via menu
definitions. However even without a menu, objects may still be accessible indirectly, so actual object-
level permissions (read, write, create, unlink) must be defined for groups. They are usually inserted via
CSV files inside modules. It is also possible to restrict access to specific fields on a view or object
using the field’s groups attribute.
Access rights
Access rights are defined as records of the model ir.model.access. Each access right is associated
to a model, a group (or no group for global access), and a set of permissions: read, write, create, unlink.
Such access rights are usually created by a CSV file named after its model: ir.model.access.csv.
id,name,model_id/id,group_id/id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink
access_idea_idea,idea.idea,model_idea_idea,base.group_user,1,1,1,0
access_idea_vote,idea.vote,model_idea_vote,base.group_user,1,1,1,0
Exercise
Add access control through the Odoo interface
Create a new user “John Smith”. Then create a group “OpenAcademy / Session Read” with read access to
the Session model.
1. Create a new user John Smith through Settings ‣ Duplicate Users ‣ Duplicate Users
2. Create a new group session_read through Settings ‣ Duplicate Users ‣ Duplicate Groups, it should have read access
on the Session model
3. Edit John Smith to make them a member of session_read
4. Log in as John Smith to check the access rights are correct

Exercise
Add access control through data files in your module
Using data files,

• Create a group OpenAcademy / Manager with full access to all OpenAcademy models
• Make Session and Course readable by all users
1. Create a new file openacademy/security/security.xml to hold the OpenAcademy
Manager group
2. Edit the file openacademy/security/ir.model.access.csv with the access rights to the

models
3. Finally update openacademy/__manifest__.py to add the new data files to it

# always loaded
'data': [
'security/security.xml',
'security/ir.model.access.csv',
'templates.xml',
openacademy/security/ir.model.access.csv
id,name,model_id/id,group_id/
id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink
course_manager,course
manager,model_openacademy_course,group_manager,1,1,1,1
session_manager,session
manager,model_openacademy_session,group_manager,1,1,1,1
course_read_all,course all,model_openacademy_course,,1,0,0,0
session_read_all,session all,model_openacademy_session,,1,0,0,0
openacademy/security/security.xml
<odoo>
<record id="group_manager" model="res.groups">

<field name="name">OpenAcademy / Manager</field>
</record>
</odoo>
Record rules
A record rule restricts the access rights to a subset of records of the given model. A rule is a record of
the model ir.rule, and is associated to a model, a number of groups (many2many field), permissions
to which the restriction applies, and a domain. The domain specifies to which records the access rights
are limited.
Here is an example of a rule that prevents the deletion of leads that are not in state cancel. Notice
that the value of the field groups must follow the same convention as the method write() of the
ORM.
<record id="delete_cancelled_only" model="ir.rule">
<field name="name">Only cancelled leads may be deleted</field>
<field name="model_id" ref="crm.model_crm_lead"/>
<field name="groups" eval="[(4, ref('sales_team.group_sale_manager'))]"/>
<field name="perm_read" eval="0"/>
<field name="perm_write" eval="0"/>
<field name="perm_create" eval="0"/>
<field name="perm_unlink" eval="1" />
<field name="domain_force">[('state','=','cancel')]</field>
</record>
Exercise
Record rule
Add a record rule for the model Course and the group “OpenAcademy / Manager”, that
restricts write and unlink accesses to the responsible of a course. If a course has no responsible, all
users of the group must be able to modify it.
Create a new rule in openacademy/security/security.xml :
openacademy/security/security.xml
<record id="group_manager" model="res.groups">
<field name="name">OpenAcademy / Manager</field>
</record>
<record id="only_responsible_can_modify" model="ir.rule">

<field name="name">Only Responsible can modify
Course</field>
<field name="model_id" ref="model_openacademy_course"/>
<field name="groups" eval="[(4,
ref('openacademy.group_manager'))]"/>
<field name="perm_read" eval="0"/>
<field name="perm_write" eval="1"/>
<field name="perm_create" eval="0"/>
<field name="perm_unlink" eval="1"/>
<field name="domain_force">
['|', ('responsible_id','=',False),
('responsible_id','=',user.id)]
</field>
</record>
</odoo>
Wizards
Wizards describe interactive sessions with the user (or dialog boxes) through dynamic forms. A wizard
is simply a model that extends the class TransientModel instead of Model. The
class TransientModel extends Model and reuse all its existing mechanisms, with the following
particularities:
• Wizard records are not meant to be persistent; they are automatically deleted from the database
after a certain time. This is why they are called transient.
• Wizard models do not require explicit access rights: users have all permissions on wizard
records.
• Wizard records may refer to regular records or wizard records through many2one fields, but
regular records cannot refer to wizard records through a many2one field.
We want to create a wizard that allow users to create attendees for a particular session, or for a list of
sessions at once.
Exercise
Define the wizard
Create a wizard model with a many2one relationship with the Session model and a many2many
relationship with the Partner model.
Add a new file openacademy/wizard.py :
from . import partner
from . import wizard
openacademy/wizard.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class Wizard(models.TransientModel):
_name = 'openacademy.wizard'
_description = "Wizard: Quick Registration of Attendees to Sessions"
session_id = fields.Many2one('openacademy.session',
string="Session", required=True)
Launching wizards
Wizards are launched by ir.actions.act_window records, with the field target set to the
value new. The latter opens the wizard view into a popup window. The action may be triggered by a
menu item.
There is another way to launch the wizard: using an ir.actions.act_window record like above,
but with an extra field src_model that specifies in the context of which model the action is
available. The wizard will appear in the contextual actions of the model, above the main view. Because
of some internal hooks in the ORM, such an action is declared in XML with the tag act_window.
<act_window id="launch_the_wizard"
name="Launch the Wizard"
src_model="context.model.name"
res_model="wizard.model.name"
view_mode="form"
target="new"
key2="client_action_multi"/>
Wizards use regular views and their buttons may use the attribute special="cancel" to close the
wizard window without saving.
Exercise
Launch the wizard
1.Define a form view for the wizard.
2. Add the action to launch it in the context of the Session model.

3. Define a default value for the session field in the wizard; use the context
parameter self._context to retrieve the current session.
def _default_session(self):
return
self.env['openacademy.session'].browse(self._context.get('active_id'))
string="Session", required=True, default=_default_session)
action="session_list_action"/>
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="wizard_form_view">

<field name="name">wizard.form</field>
<field name="model">openacademy.wizard</field>
<form string="Add Attendees">
<group>
<field name="session_id"/>
</group>
</form>
</field>
</record>
<act_window id="launch_session_wizard"
name="Add Attendees"
src_model="openacademy.session"
res_model="openacademy.wizard"
view_mode="form"
target="new"
key2="client_action_multi"/>
</odoo>
Exercise
Register attendees
Add buttons to the wizard, and implement the corresponding method for adding the attendees to the given
session.
<field name="session_id"/>
</group>
<footer>
<button name="subscribe" type="object"
string="Subscribe" class="oe_highlight"/>
or
<button special="cancel" string="Cancel"/>
</footer>
</form>
</field>
</record>
string="Session", required=True, default=_default_session)
@api.multi
def subscribe(self):
self.session_id.attendee_ids |= self.attendee_ids
return {}
Exercise
Register attendees to multiple sessions
Modify the wizard model so that attendees can be registered to multiple sessions.
<form string="Add Attendees">
<group>
<field name="session_ids"/>
</group>
<footer>
def _default_sessions(self):
return
self.env['openacademy.session'].browse(self._context.get('active_ids'))
session_ids = fields.Many2many('openacademy.session',
string="Sessions", required=True, default=_default_sessions)
@api.multi
def subscribe(self):
for session in self.session_ids:
session.attendee_ids |= self.attendee_ids
return {}
Internationalization
Each module can provide its own translations within the i18n directory, by having files named
LANG.po where LANG is the locale code for the language, or the language and country combination
when they differ (e.g. pt.po or pt_BR.po). Translations will be loaded automatically by Odoo for all
enabled languages. Developers always use English when creating a module, then export the module
terms using Odoo’s gettext POT export feature (Settings ‣ Duplicate Translations ‣ Duplicate Import/Export ‣ Duplicate Export
Translation without specifying a language), to create the module template POT file, and then derive
the translated PO files. Many IDE’s have plugins or modes for editing and merging PO/POT files.
The Portable Object files generated by Odoo are published on Transifex, making it easy to translate the
software.
|- idea/ # The module directory
|- i18n/ # Translation files
| - idea.pot # Translation Template (exported from Odoo)
| - fr.po # French translation
| - pt_BR.po # Brazilian Portuguese translation
| (...)
By default Odoo’s POT export only extracts labels inside XML files or inside field definitions in Python code,
but any Python string can be translated this way by surrounding it with the
function odoo._() (e.g. _("Label") )
Exercise
Translate a module
Choose a second language for your Odoo installation. Translate your module using the facilities provided by
Odoo.
1. Create a directory openacademy/i18n/
2.Install whichever language you want ( Administration ‣ Duplicate Translations ‣ Duplicate Load an Official
Translation)
3.Synchronize translatable terms (Administration ‣ Duplicate Translations ‣ Duplicate Application Terms ‣ Duplicate Synchronize
Translations)
4. Create a template translation file by exporting ( Administration ‣ Duplicate Translations -> Import/Export ‣ Duplicate
Export Translation) without specifying a language, save in openacademy/i18n/
5. Create a translation file by exporting ( Administration ‣ Duplicate Translations ‣ Duplicate Import/Export ‣ Duplicate Export
Translation) and specifying a language. Save it in openacademy/i18n/
6. Open the exported translation file (with a basic text editor or a dedicated PO-file editor e.g. POEdit and
translate the missing terms
7. In models.py , add an import statement for the function odoo._ and mark missing strings as
translatable
8.Repeat steps 3-6

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from datetime import timedelta

from odoo import models, fields, api, exceptions, _
default = dict(default or {})
copied_count = self.search_count(
[('name', '=like', _(u"Copy of {}%").format(self.name))])
if not copied_count:
new_name = _(u"Copy of {}").format(self.name)
else:
new_name = _(u"Copy of {} ({})").format(self.name,
copied_count)
default['name'] = new_name
return super(Course, self).copy(default)
if self.seats < 0:
return {
'warning': {
'title': _("Incorrect 'seats' value"),
'message': _("The number of available seats may not
be negative"),
},
}
if self.seats < len(self.attendee_ids):
return {
'warning': {
'title': _("Too many attendees"),
'message': _("Increase seats or remove excess
attendees"),
},
}
for r in self:
if r.instructor_id and r.instructor_id in r.attendee_ids:
raise exceptions.ValidationError(_("A session's instructor
can't be an attendee"))
Reporting
Printed reports
Odoo uses a report engine based on QWeb, Twitter Bootstrap and Wkhtmltopdf.
A report is a combination two elements:
• an ir.actions.report, for which a <report> shortcut element is provided, it sets up

various basic parameters for the report (default type, whether the report should be saved to the
database after generation,…)
<report
id="account_invoices"
model="account.invoice"
string="Invoices"
report_type="qweb-pdf"
name="account.report_invoice"
file="account.report_invoice"
attachment_use="True"
attachment="(object.state in ('open','paid')) and
('INV'+(object.number or '').replace('/','')+'.pdf')"
/>
• A standard QWeb view for the actual report:

<t t-call="web.html_container">
<t t-foreach="docs" t-as="o">
<t t-call="web.external_layout">
<div class="page">
<h2>Report title</h2>
</div>
</t>
</t>
</t>
the standard rendering context provides a number of elements, the most

important being:
``docs``
the records for which the report is printed
``user``
the user printing the report
Because reports are standard web pages, they are available through a URL and output parameters can
be manipulated through this URL, for instance the HTML version of the Invoice report is available
through http://localhost:8069/report/html/account.report_invoice/1 (if account is installed) and the
PDF version through http://localhost:8069/report/pdf/account.report_invoice/1.
Danger
If it appears that your PDF report is missing the styles (i.e. the text appears but the style/layout is different from
the html version), probably your wkhtmltopdf process cannot reach your web server to download them.
If you check your server logs and see that the CSS styles are not being downloaded when generating a PDF
report, most surely this is the problem.
The wkhtmltopdf process will use the web.base.url system parameter as the root path to all
linked files, but this parameter is automatically updated each time the Administrator is logged in. If your server
resides behind some kind of proxy, that could not be reachable. You can fix this by adding one of these system
parameters:
• report.url , pointing to an URL reachable from your server (probably http://localhost:8069 or

something similar). It will be used for this particular purpose only.
• web.base.url.freeze , when set to True , will stop the automatic updates to web.base.url .
Exercise
Create a report for the Session model
For each session, it should display session’s name, its start and end, and list the session’s attendees.
'templates.xml',
'reports.xml',
],
'demo': [
openacademy/reports.xml
<odoo>
<report
id="report_session"
model="openacademy.session"
string="Session Report"
name="openacademy.report_session_view"
file="openacademy.report_session"
report_type="qweb-pdf" />
<template id="report_session_view">
<t t-call="web.html_container">
<t t-foreach="docs" t-as="doc">
<t t-call="web.external_layout">
<div class="page">
<h2 t-field="doc.name"/>
<p>From <span t-field="doc.start_date"/> to
<span t-field="doc.end_date"/></p>
<h3>Attendees:</h3>
<ul>
<t t-foreach="doc.attendee_ids" t-
as="attendee">
<li><span t-field="attendee.name"/></li>
</t>
</ul>
</div>
</t>
</t>
</t>
</template>
</odoo>
Dashboards
Exercise
Define a Dashboard
Define a dashboard containing the graph view you created, the sessions calendar view and a list view of the
courses (switchable to a form view). This dashboard should be available through a menuitem in the menu, and
automatically displayed in the web client when the OpenAcademy main menu is selected.
1. Create a file openacademy/views/session_board.xml . It should contain the board view,
the actions referenced in that view, an action to open the dashboard and a re-definition of the main menu
item to add the dashboard action
Available dashboard styles are 1 , 1-1 , 1-2 , 2-1 and 1-1-1
2. Update openacademy/__manifest__.py to reference the new data file

'version': '0.1',
# any module necessary for this one to work correctly

'depends': ['base', 'board'],
# always loaded
'data': [
'templates.xml',
'views/session_board.xml',
'reports.xml',
],
openacademy/views/session_board.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<odoo>
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="act_session_graph">

<field name="name">Attendees by course</field>
<field name="view_mode">graph</field>
<field name="view_id"
ref="openacademy.openacademy_session_graph_view"/
>
</record>
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="act_session_calendar">
<field name="view_mode">calendar</field>
<field name="view_id"
ref="openacademy.session_calendar_view"/>
</record>
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="act_course_list">
<field name="name">Courses</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.ui.view" id="board_session_form">
<field name="name">Session Dashboard Form</field>
<field name="model">board.board</field>
<field name="type">form</field>
<form string="Session Dashboard">
<board style="2-1">
<column>
<action
string="Attendees by course"
name="%(act_session_graph)d"
height="150"
width="510"/>
<action
string="Sessions"
name="%(act_session_calendar)d"/>
</column>
<column>
<action
string="Courses"
name="%(act_course_list)d"/>
</column>
</board>
</form>
</field>
</record>
<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="open_board_session">
<field name="name">Session Dashboard</field>
<field name="res_model">board.board</field>
<field name="view_mode">form</field>
<field name="usage">menu</field>
<field name="view_id" ref="board_session_form"/>
</record>
<menuitem
name="Session Dashboard"
parent="base.menu_reporting_dashboard"
action="open_board_session"
sequence="1"
id="menu_board_session"/>
</odoo>
WebServices
The web-service module offer a common interface for all web-services :
• XML-RPC
• JSON-RPC
Business objects can also be accessed via the distributed object mechanism. They can all be modified
via the client interface with contextual views.
Odoo is accessible through XML-RPC/JSON-RPC interfaces, for which libraries exist in many
languages.
XML-RPC Library
The following example is a Python 3 program that interacts with an Odoo server with the
library xmlrpc.client:
import xmlrpc.client
root = 'http://%s:%d/xmlrpc/' % (HOST, PORT)
uid = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(root + 'common').login(DB, USER, PASS)

print("Logged in as %s (uid: %d)" % (USER, uid))
# Create a new note

sock = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(root + 'object')
args = {
'color' : 8,
'memo' : 'This is a note',
'create_uid': uid,
}
note_id = sock.execute(DB, uid, PASS, 'note.note', 'create', args)
Exercise
Add a new service to the client
Write a Python program able to send XML-RPC requests to a PC running Odoo (yours, or your instructor’s).
This program should display all the sessions, and their corresponding number of seats. It should also create a new
session for one of the courses.
import functools
import xmlrpc.client
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 8069
DB = 'openacademy'
USER = 'admin'
PASS = 'admin'
ROOT = 'http://%s:%d/xmlrpc/' % (HOST,PORT)
# 1. Login
uid = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(ROOT + 'common').login(DB,USER,PASS)
print ("Logged in as %s (uid:%d)" % (USER,uid))
call = functools.partial(
xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(ROOT + 'object').execute,
DB, uid, PASS)
# 2. Read the sessions

sessions = call('openacademy.session','search_read', [], ['name','seats'])
for session in sessions:
print("Session %s (%s seats)" % (session['name'], session['seats']))
# 3.create a new session
session_id = call('openacademy.session', 'create', {
'name' : 'My session',
'course_id' : 2,
})
Instead of using a hard-coded course id, the code can look up a course by name:
# 3.create a new session for the "Functional" course
course_id = call('openacademy.course', 'search',
[('name','ilike','Functional')])[0]
session_id = call('openacademy.session', 'create', {
'name' : 'My session',
'course_id' : course_id,
})
JSON-RPC Library
The following example is a Python 3 program that interacts with an Odoo server with the standard
Python libraries urllib.request and json. This example assumes the Productivity app (note) is
installed:
import json
import random
import urllib.request
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 8069
DB = 'openacademy'
USER = 'admin'
PASS = 'admin'
def json_rpc(url, method, params):

data = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": method,
"params": params,
"id": random.randint(0, 1000000000),
}
req = urllib.request.Request(url=url, data=json.dumps(data).encode(), headers={
"Content-Type":"application/json",
})
reply = json.loads(urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('UTF-8'))
if reply.get("error"):
raise Exception(reply["error"])
return reply["result"]
def call(url, service, method, *args):

return json_rpc(url, "call", {"service": service, "method": method, "args": args})
# log in the given database
url = "http://%s:%s/jsonrpc" % (HOST, PORT)
uid = call(url, "common", "login", DB, USER, PASS)
# create a new note

args = {
'color': 8,
'memo': 'This is another note',
'create_uid': uid,
}
note_id = call(url, "object", "execute", DB, uid, PASS, 'note.note', 'create', args)
Examples can be easily adapted from XML-RPC to JSON-RPC.
There are a number of high-level APIs in various languages to access Odoo systems
without explicitly going through XML-RPC or JSON-RPC, such as:
• https://github.com/akretion/ooor
• https://github.com/OCA/odoorpc
• https://github.com/nicolas-van/openerp-client-lib
• http://pythonhosted.org/OdooRPC
• https://github.com/abhishek-jaiswal/php-openerp-lib
[1] it is possible to disable the automatic creation of some fields
[2] writing raw SQL queries is possible, but requires care as it bypasses all Odoo authentication and
security mechanisms.

Start/Stop The Odoo Server: Composition of A Module

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Start/Stop The Odoo Server: Composition of A Module

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Start/Stop the Odoo server

Build an Odoo module

Everything in Odoo thus starts and ends with modules.

Static web data

1. Invoke the command odoo-bin scaffold openacademy addons .

2.Adapt the manifest file to your module.

3.Don’t bother about the other files.

'summary': """Manage trainings""",

'author': "My Company",

# Categories can be used to filter modules in modules listing

# any module necessary for this one to work correctly

from odoo import models, fields, api

string (unicode, default: field’s name)

required (bool, default: False)

help (unicode, default: '')

index (bool, default: False)

Example of simple fields are Boolean, Date, Char.

Edit the file openacademy/models/models.py to include a Course class.

from odoo import models, fields, api

name = fields.Char(string="Title", required=True)

<record model="{model name}" id="{record identifier}">

• model is the name of the Odoo model for the record.

Edit the file openacademy/demo/demo.xml to include some data.

<record model="openacademy.course" id="course0">

Can have multiple lines

Actions and Menus

1. by clicking on menu items (linked to specific actions)

2. by clicking on buttons in views (if these are connected to actions)

3. as contextual actions on object

•display a list of all the courses

1. Create openacademy/views/openacademy.xml with an action and the menus

2. Add it to the data list of openacademy/__manifest__.py

Generic view declaration

The arch field must thus be declared as type="xml" to be parsed correctly.

<group colspan="2" col="2">

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<record model="ir.ui.view" id="course_form_view">

Modify the Course form view as follows:

Allow searching for courses based on their title or their description.

<record model="ir.ui.view" id="course_search_view">

Relations between models

1. Create the class Session in openacademy/models/models.py .

2. Add access to the session object in openacademy/view/openacademy.xml .

name = fields.Char(string="Title", required=True)

<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="session_list_action">

<menuitem id="session_menu" name="Sessions"

Relational field types are:

Many2one(other_model, ondelete='set null')

A simple link to an other object:

A virtual relationship, inverse of a Many2one. A One2many behaves as a container of

for other in foo.other_ids:

for other in foo.other_ids:

1. Add the relevant Many2one fields to the models, and

2.add them in the views.

name = fields.Char(string="Title", required=True)

instructor_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', string="Instructor")

<record model="ir.actions.act_window" id="session_list_action">

1. Modify the Course class, and

2.add the field in the course form view.

1. Modify the Session class, and

2.add the field in the form view.

• add fields to a model,

• override the definition of fields on a model,

• add constraints to a model,

• add methods to a model,

• override existing methods on a model.

Operation to apply to the matched element:

appends xpath’s body at the end of the matched element

2. Add it to the data list of openacademy/manifest.py

1. Create a file openacademy/models/partner.py and import it in init.py

2. Create a file openacademy/views/partner.xml and add it to manifest.py

# -- coding: utf-8 --

3. Finally update openacademy/manifest.py to add the new data files to it