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Numerical Analysis - MTH603 Handouts Lecture 1

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293 views3 pages

Numerical Analysis - MTH603 Handouts Lecture 1

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Niaz Ahmed Khan
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Numerical Analysis –MTH603 VU

Numerical Analysis
Course Contents
Solution of Non Linear Equations
Solution of Linear System of Equations
Approximation of Eigen Values
Interpolation and Polynomial Approximation
Numerical Differentiation
Numerical Integration
Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
Introduction
We begin this chapter with some of the basic concept of representation of numbers on
computers and errors introduced during computation. Problem solving using computers and the
steps involved are also discussed in brief.
Number (s) System (s)
In our daily life, we use numbers based on the decimal system. In this system, we use ten
symbols 0, 1,…,9 and the number 10 is called the base of the system.
Thus, when a base N is given, we need N different symbols 0, 1, 2, …,(N – 1) to represent an
arbitrary number.
The number systems commonly used in computers are

Base, N Number
2 Binary
8 Octal
10 Decimal
16 Hexadecimal
An arbitrary real number, a can be written as

a = am N m + am−1N m−1 + " + a1N 1 + a0 + a−1 N −1 + " + a− m N − m


In binary system, it has the form,
a = am 2m + am −1 2m −1 + " + a1 21 + a0 + a−1 2−1 + " + a− m 2− m
The decimal number 1729 is represented and calculated
(1729)10 = 1× 103 + 7 × 102 + 2 × 101 + 9 × 100
While the decimal equivalent of binary number 10011001 is

1× 20 + 0 × 2−1 + 0 × 2−2 + 1× 2−3 + 1× 2−4 + 0 × 2−5 + 0 × 2−6 + 1× 2−7


1 1 1
= 1+ + +
8 16 128
= (1.1953125)10
Electronic computers use binary system whose base is 2. The two symbols used in this system
are 0 and 1, which are called binary digits or simply bits.
The internal representation of any data within a computer is in binary form. However, we prefer
data input and output of numerical results in decimal system. Within the computer, the
arithmetic is carried out in binary form.
Conversion of decimal number 47 into its binary equivalent
Sol.

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Numerical Analysis –MTH603 VU

2 47 Remainder

2 23 1
2 11 1
2 5 1
2 2 1
2 1 0
0 1 Most significant
bit

(47)10 = (101111) 2
Binary equivalent of the decimal fraction 0.7625
Sol.
Product Integer
0.7625 x2 1.5250 1
0.5250 x2 1.0500 1
0.05 x2 0.1 0
0.1 x2 0.2 0
0.2 x2 0.4 0
0.4 x2 0.8 0
0.8 x2 1.6 1
0.6 x2 1.2 1
0.2 x2 0.4 0
(0.7625)10 = (0.11....11(0011)) 2

Conversion (59)10 into binary and then into octal.


Sol.

2 29 1
2 14 1
27 0
23 1
21 1
0 1

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Numerical Analysis –MTH603 VU

(59)10 = (11011) 2

(111011) 2 = 111011 = (73)8

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