Beginner's Python

Line graphs, scatter plots, and bar graphs (cont.) Multiple plots
You can include as many data series as you want in a
Making a bar graph visualization. To do this, create one dictionary for each data

Cheat Sheet – Plotly

To make a bar graph, pass your data to the Bar() graph object.
series, and put these dictionaries in the data list. Each of
from plotly.graph_objs import Bar these dictionaries is referred to as a trace in the Plotly
--snip-- documentation.

data = [Bar(x=x_values, y=squares)] Plotting squares and cubes

What is Plotly? Here we use the 'name' attribute to set the label for each

# Pass the data and a filename to plot(). from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter
Data visualization involves exploring data through
offline.plot(data, filename='squares.html') from plotly import offline
visual representations. Plotly helps you make visually
appealing representations of the data you’re working
with. Plotly is particularly well suited for visualizations Adding a title and labels x_values = list(range(11))
squares = [x**2 for x in x_values]
that will be presented online, because it supports Using Layout objects cubes = [x**3 for x in x_values]
interactive elements. The Layout class allows you to specify titles, labels, and other
formatting directives for your visualizations. data = [
Installing Plotly from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout {
from plotly import offline # Trace 1: squares
Plotly runs on all systems, and can be installed in one line.
'type': 'scatter',
Installing Plotly x_values = list(range(11)) 'x': x_values,
squares = [x**2 for x in x_values] 'y': squares,
$ python -m pip install --user plotly 'name': 'Squares',
# Add a title, and a label for each axis. },
Line graphs, scatter plots, and bar graphs data = [Scatter(x=x_values, y=squares)] {
To make a plot with Plotly, you specify the data and then # Trace 2: cubes
pass it to a graph object. The data is stored in a list, so you title = 'Square Numbers' 'type': 'scatter',
can add as much data as you want to any graph. x_axis_config = {'title': 'x'} 'x': x_values,
In offline mode, the output should open automatically in a y_axis_config = {'title': 'Square of x'} 'y': cubes,
browser window. 'name': 'Cubes',
my_layout = Layout(title=title, },
Making a line graph ]
A line graph is a scatter plot where the points are connected. xaxis=x_axis_config, yaxis=y_axis_config)

from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter offline.plot( offline.plot(data,

from plotly import offline {'data': data, 'layout': my_layout}, filename='squares_cubes.html')
filename='squares.html')
# Define the data.
Online resources
x_values = list(range(11)) Specifying complex data
squares = [x**2 for x in x_values] The Plotly documentation is extensive and well-organized.
Start with the overview at https://plot.ly/python/. Here you
Data as a dictionary
# Pass the data to a graph object, and store it Plotly is highly customizable, and most of that flexibility comes from
can see an example of all the basic chart types, and click
# in a list. representing data and formatting directives as a dictionary. Here is on any example to see a relevant tutorial.
the same data from the previous examples, defined as a dictionary. Then take a look at the Python Figure Reference, at
data = [Scatter(x=x_values, y=squares)]
Defining the data as a dictionary also allows you to specify more https://plot.ly/python/reference/. Make sure to click on the
information about each series. Anything that pertains to a specific "How are Plotly attributes organized?" section. It's short, but
# Pass the data and a filename to plot(). data series such as markers, lines, and point labels, goes in the really helpful.
offline.plot(data, filename='squares.html') data dictionary. Plotly has several ways of specifying data, but
internally all data is represented in this way.
Making a scatter plot
To make a scatter plot, use the mode='markers' argument to tell
Plotly to only display the markers.
data = [{ Python Crash Course
'type': 'scatter',
A Hands-On, Project-Based
data = [Scatter(x=x_values, y=squares, 'x': x_values,
'y': squares, Introduction to Programming
mode='markers')]
'mode': 'markers',
}] nostarch.com/pythoncrashcourse2e
Specifying complex layouts Specifying complex layouts (cont.) Plotting global datasets
You can also specify the layout of your visualization as a Plotly has a variety of mapping tools. For example, if you
dictionary, which gives you much more control of the overall Using a colorscale have a set of points represented by latitude and longitude,
Colorscales are often used to show variations in large datasets. In
layout. you can create a scatter plot of those points overlaying a
Plotly, colorscales are set in the marker dictionary, nested inside a
data dictionary.
map.
Layout as a dictionary
Here is the same layout we used earlier, written as a dictionary. data = [{ The scattergeo chart type
Simple elements such as the title of the chart are just key-value Here's a map showing the location of three of the higher peaks in
pairs. More complex elements such as axes, which can have many
'type': 'scatter',
North America. If you hover over each point, you'll see its location
of their own settings, are nested dictionaries. 'x': x_values, and the name of the mountain.
'y': squares,
my_layout = { 'mode': 'markers', from plotly import offline
'title': 'Square Numbers', 'marker': {
'xaxis': { 'colorscale': 'Viridis', # Points in (lat, lon) format.
'title': 'x', 'color': squares, peak_coords = [
}, 'colorbar': {'title': 'Value'}, (63.069, -151.0063),
'yaxis': { }, (60.5671, -140.4055),
'title': 'Square of x', }] (46.8529, -121.7604),
}, ]
}
Using Subplots # Make matching lists of lats, lons,
A more complex layout It's often useful to have multiple plots share the same axes. # and labels.
Here is a layout for the same data, with more specific formatting This is done using the subplots module.
directives in the data and layout dictionaries. lats = [pc[0] for pc in peak_coords]
Adding subplots to a figure lons = [pc[1] for pc in peak_coords]
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter peak_names = ['Denali', 'Mt Logan',
To use the subplots module, you make a figure to hold all the
from plotly import offline charts that will be made. Then you use the add_trace() method 'Mt Rainier']
to add each data series to the overall figure.
x_values = list(range(11)) For more help, see the documentation at data = [{
squares = [x**2 for x in x_values] https://plot.ly/python/subplots/. 'type': 'scattergeo',
from plotly.subplots import make_subplots 'lon': lons,
data = [{ 'lat': lats,
from plotly.graph_objects import Scatter
'type': 'scatter', 'marker': {
from plotly import offline
'x': x_values, 'size': 20,
'y': squares, 'color': '#227722',
x_values = list(range(11))
'mode': 'markers', },
squares = [x**2 for x in x_values]
'marker': { 'text': peak_names,
cubes = [x**3 for x in x_values]
'size': 10, }]
'color': '#6688dd',
fig = make_subplots(rows=1, cols=2,
}, my_layout = {
shared_yaxes=True)
}] 'title': 'Selected High Peaks',
data = { 'geo': {
my_layout = { 'scope': 'north america',
'type': 'scatter',
'title': 'Square Numbers', 'showland': True,
'x': x_values,
'xaxis': { 'showocean': True,
'y': squares,
'title': 'x', 'showlakes': True,
}
'titlefont': {'family': 'monospace'}, 'showrivers': True,
fig.add_trace(data, row=1, col=1)
}, },
'yaxis': { }
data = {
'title': 'Square of x',
'type': 'scatter',
'titlefont': {'family': 'monospace'}, offline.plot(
'x': x_values,
}, {'data': data, 'layout': my_layout},
'y': cubes,
} filename='peaks.html')
}
fig.add_trace(data, row=1, col=2)
offline.plot(
{'data': data, 'layout': my_layout},
More cheat sheets available at
offline.plot(fig, filename='subplots.html') ehmatthes.github.io/pcc_2e/
filename='squares.html')