International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 11 Issue 5,2020

Available at www.ijsred.com
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

PERMUTATION SERIES AND COMBINATION SERIES

SWARNAV MAJUMDER
SCIENCE, MANSUR HABIBULLAH MEMORIAL SCHOOL, KOLKATA
Email: rayan.swarnav10@gmail.com
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Abstract:
The Permutation Series and Combination Series will ensure the readers to understand proper calculation of Permutation
and Combination and will also help them to grew their knowledge on the topic.
It is very helpful topic for the students to strengthen their roots in mathematics. The magic that Mathematics have in it will be
exposed to the readers to understand their Mathematics thoroughly and will also help them to enlarge their thinking capabilities.
Hence, this topic is very interesting as it provides a link between A.P, G.P with Permutation and Combination.
It will help to calculate many selections and others in a very small time.

Keywords — PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

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I. INTRODUCTION but Permutation series deals with more than 1

Till date we have just used permutations and permutation keeping n fixed.
combinations in arrangements, dearrangements, Let us take an example:-
n
selection and others. But here, Permutation and pr+ npr1+ npr2+……………………………….+npr
Combination is described in a new form called In Permutation and Combination Series the last
Permutation series and Combination Series. highest term is npn or ncn as n cannot be less than
(1) IMPORTANCE OF r.
PERMUTATION SERIES AND (3.1) To find the next term when any term is
given(except the first term)
COMBINATION SERIES
Let tf=npr and tf+1=npr+1
Just like A.P, G.P, H.P Permutation series and Tf/tf+1=n!/(n-r)!/n!/(n-r)!
Combination Series we also help us to find out  Tf/tf+1=[n!*(n-r-1)!]/[(n-r)!*n!]
the next term, previous term, sum of  Tf/tf+1=(n-r-1)!/[(n-r)(n-r-1)!]
Permutations and Combinations upto m terms.  Tf/tf+1=1/(n-r)
It will also strengthen Permutations and  Tf+1/tf=n-r
Combinations in the minds of the peoples
 Hence,
This will make a easy way to find larger
terms in a very short time interval. Hence, the  Tf+1=(n-r)*tf
Permutation series and Combination series is ---------------------------------------------------------
largely important. (2)
(2) PERMUTATION SERIES
(3.2) To find the previous term when any term
The formula to find Permutation of n things is given(except the first term).
when r things is taken at a time is:- Tf=npr and tf-1=npr-1
n
pr= n!/(n-
 Tf-1/tf=n!/(n-r+1)!/n!/(n-r)!
r)!-------------------------------------------------------
------(1)  Tf-1/tf=[n!*(n-r)!]/[(n-r+1)(n-r)!*n!]

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 International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 11 Issue 5,2020
Available at www.ijsred.com
n n
 Tf-1/tf=1/(n-r+1) p1+ p2+
 Hence, ……………………………………………………
……+npn
 Tf-1=tf/(n-r+1) find the sum of first 3 terms:
-------------------------------------------------------- solution: sum of first 3 terms
(3) sm=n![1/(n-1)!+1/(n-2)!+1/(n-3)!]
hence,
(3.3) To find any term when a term is given In general, to find sum of m terms the formula
and common difference is known(except the Sm=n![1/(n-r)!+1/(n-(r+d))!+……….+1/{n-r-(m-
first term). 1)d}!] -----------(6)
Suppose, ta1=npr1 and ta2=npr2 Where sm means sum of the series.
d=r2-r1 (3) COMBINATION SERIES
 r2=d+r1
 ta1/ta2=n!/(n-r1)!/n!/(n-r2)! The formula to find combination of n things
 ta1/ta2=[n!*(n-r2)!]/[(n-r1)!*n!] when r things is taken at a time is :-
n
 ta1/ta2=[n-(d+r1)]!/(n-r1)! cr=n!/[r!*(n-r)!]
------------------------------------------------------ (7)
 Hence,
Just like Permutation series, Combination Series
 Ta2=[(n-r1)!/(n-d-r1)!]*ta1 will have highest terms as ncr as r cannot be
-------------------------------------------(4) more than n keeping n constant. For example:-
n
c1+nc2+nc3+
Where r1 can be any number less than n and d is the
………………………………………….+ncn
common difference between r1, r2, r3 and so on.
(4.1) To find the next term when any term is
(3.4) To find mth term in a Permutation Series.
given(except the first term).
Suppose, a Permutation Series be
n Let tf=ncr and tf+1=ncr+1
p1+np2+np3+…………………………………….+npn
 Tf/tf+1=n!/[r!(n-r)!]/n!/[(r+1)!*(n-r-1)!]
find the 3rd term.
Solution: To find the third term.  Tf/tf+1=[n!*(r+1)!*(n-r-1)!]/[r!*(n-r)!*n!]
First let write the details  Tf/tf+1=[(r+1)(r!)*(n-r-1)!]/[r!*(n-r)(n-r-1)!]
First term ar=1  Tf+1/tf=(n-r)/(r+1)
Common difference=d=2-1=3-2=1  Hence,
Hence,
Third term:-  Tf+1=[(n-r)/(r+1)]*tf
T3=np1+(3-1)1 ------------------------------------------------(8)
=np3
Hence,
The formula to find mth term in a Permutation (4.2) To find the previous term when any term is
Series given(except the first term)
Tm=npar+(m-1)d Let tf=ncr and tf+1=ncr-1
------------------------------------------------------------  Tf-1/tf =n!/[(r-1)!*(n-r+1)!]/n!/[r!*(n-r)!]
(5)  Tf-1/tf =[n!*r!*(n-r)!]/[(r-1)!*(n-r+1)!*n!]
Where, ar is the first term, d is the common  Tf-1/tf =[r(r-1)!*(n-r)!]/[(r-1)!*(n-r+1)(n-r)!]
difference.  Tf-1/tf =r/(n-r+1)
(3.5) To find sum of m terms.
Suppose, a series be  Hence,

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 International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 11 Issue 5,2020
Available at www.ijsred.com
 Tf-1=[r/(n-r+1)]*tf  n
c0- c2+ c4-nc6+…………= (2^0.5)n
n n

----------------------------------------------------(9) cos(n*180/4)
 n
c1-nc3+nc5-nc7+…………= (2^0.5)n
(4.3) To find any term when a term is given and sin(n*180/4)
common difference is known(except the first
 n
c0-nc1+nc2-nc3+……….+(-1)n ncn = 0
term).
Let ta=ncr1 and t’a =ncr2  n
c1-2nc2+3nc3-……………….. = 0
r2=r1+d where d is common difference and r1 is any  n
c0+2nc2+3nc3+…………+(n+1)ncn = (n+2)2n-1
number less than n.  n n
c0 cr+ nc1ncr+1+………….+ ncn-rncn = 2ncn-
 t’a/ta =[n!*r!*(n-r1)!]/[r2!*(n-r2)!*n!]
r=(2n)!/[(n-r)!*(n+r)!]
 hence,  n 2 n 2 n 2
c0 + c1 + c2 +……………..+ncn2 = (2n)!/(n!)2
 t’a=[{r1!*(n-r1)!}/{(r1+d)!*(n-r1-d)!}]*ta  n 2 n 2 n 2
c0 - c1 + c2 -……………..+(-1)n ncn2={(-1)^n/2.ncn/2 if
------------------------(10) n is even
0 if n is odd
}
 n 2 n 2
c1 -2 c2 +3 c3 -……………..+(-1)n n.ncn2 =(-1)n/2-
n 2
(4.4) To find mth term. 1
Let the first term be ncr n/2[(n!)/{(n/2)!*(n/2)!}] when n is even
a=r  n
c0+nc1/2+nc2/3+……………..+ncn/(n+1) = (2n+1-
Just like Permutation Series, in Combination Series, 1)/(n+1)
to find the mth term we use the formula:-  n
c0+nc1/2+nc2/22+……………..+ncn/2n = (3/2)n
Tm=nca+(m-1)d  2n+1
c0+2n+1c1+2n+1c2+…………..+2n+1cn = 22n
--------------------------------------------------------------
--(11)  n
cn+n+1cn+n+2cn+……………..+2n-1cn = 2ncn+1
Where d is common difference.
(4.5) To find sum of m terms.  (-1)r ncr{1/2r+3r/22r+7r/23r+15r/24r+…….
Just like Permutation Series, if sm be the sum of m
+m terms}=(2mn-1)/(2mn(2n-1))
terms of a permutation series and first term is ncr
where a=r then the formula:-
Sm=n![1/(r!(n-r)!)+1/((r+d)!(n-r-d)!)+....................
…1/((r+(m-1)d)*(n-r-(m-1)d)] REFERENCES:-
--------------------------------------------------------(12) [1]Amit Rastogi,Mathematics
(4.6) Some special combination series with their [2]Saha and Saha, ISC Mathematics xii
formula for sum:- [3] Ml.Aggarwal, Understanding ISC
 nc0+nc1+nc2+……………..+ncn = 2n Mathematics xii
 nc1+nc2+……………..+ncn = 2n-1

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