Engineering and Scientific International Journal (ESIJ) ISSN 2394-7187(Online)

Volume 5, Issue 1, January – March 2018 ISSN 2394 - 7179 (Print)

Secured Smart Card System using PostGreSQL Database

N.V. Jaswanth Raj#1, R. Anitha*2
1
Scholar, Master of Computer Applications, S.A. Engineering College, Chennai
jaswanthraj3007@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, M.C.A. Department, S.A. Engineering College, Chennai

Abstract — This paper is concentrated on smart card transaction which has a healthy transformation of data from
security in increased transmission rate of information. The one end to other end.
retrieval of data from the database for the application of
smart cards is normally made up with embedded system 2. Existing System
technologies and various methods which is convenient for
their own purpose. Technologies like Passive Infrared Developing highly secured software has more challenges
Receiver (PIR) sensors, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, while it has to be implemented in real time. As for most of
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) modules and the secured devices, preferably used embedded system but
machine to machine communications are used for the complexity of developing a quality embedded system is
developing a secured end to end communication. Smart costly. As hardware and software is used, the hardware used
cards are used for single person identification and so this will be of high range for maintaining its quality of work.
system should be much secured. The process of it is We also need a database to store all the details about a
completed with various algorithms for making it a working particular person and the transactions made by them. The
model in real time. PostGreSQL database is used for storing database must be highly secured, that is data should be
the data and which also reduces cost. PostGreSQL protected by using various strong encryption algorithms.
databases are reliable and used in many forums for their The existing system uses SQLAccessGroup (SAG) database.
various characteristics like unlimited storages, solving Although it works well, they have some issues with their
security issues, and fast data transmissions. performance. So, to overcome those backdrops, we
introduce PostGreSQL database to be replaced with the
Keywords — PostGreSQL; PIR Sensor; DoS Attacks, SQLAccessGroup (SAG) database [3][5].
RFID Modules; Smart Cards.
2.1 Disadvantages of Existing System
1. Introduction
 SQLAccessGroup databases are slower compared to
This paper is mainly based on providing the reliable PostGreSQL database.
Relational Database Management System which is used for  Less concurrency in data retrieval.
transferring data in the smart cards, that consists of our  Storage space of the data is less.
personal details. This smart card technology can be done  Cannot use high level encryption algorithms.
using embedded system. Whereas in real time, embedded
systems are most popularly used for the automation system 3. Proposed System
with secured data storage and transformation of those
confidential data between one another. Smart cards consist PostGreSQL are known for its high reliability and
of storage space which is used for storing and retrieving of secured transaction of data over the network. As smart card
data, so we need a Database to manage those data which consists of personal details about a person, the security of
should be reliable and secure[1][2]. Various encryption data is more important. PostGreSQL is an up growing
algorithms were used like PIR sensors, DoS attacks controls database in recent times, as they are replacing many of the
and RFID modules are used as the additional security for older databases because of its user friendly nature and
smart cards. So device may able to handle or protect from reliable characteristics. Unlike many proprietary databases,
the entry of any intruders or unauthorized accesses. Device it is extremely common for companies to report the details
like smart cards will provide all in one information about a by using simple queries in the database. It is also used to
particular person includes aadhar card details, Banking analyse the historical data and as it will be very useful for
details and all necessary details which represents their the companies for developing their business by knowing
identity[3]. So reliability of the database systems is very their statistical analysis of data. It has unlimited storage
essential. PostGreSQL is an open source Database, so the space, so the cost of managing the database will also be
cost may also be reduced. It is also useful in the online reduced and moreover it is an open source database.

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Engineering and Scientific International Journal (ESIJ) ISSN 2394-7187(Online)
Volume 5, Issue 1, January – March 2018 ISSN 2394 - 7179 (Print)

Concurrency of accessing the data will be more when

compared with other databases [2][3].

3.1 Advantages

 It uses multiple row data storage strategy called Multi-

Version Concurrency Control (MVCC)
 It also has unlimited data storage capacity.
 It also ensures the Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation,
and Durability (ACID) compliance.
 Cost of buying is less when compared with other
preparatory databases. Fig. 2: System Architecture

4. Methodology 5. Working Model

While replacing the SQLAccessGroup (SAG) database First, we have to insert the smart card in the card reader
with PostGreSQL Version 9.6.2 database, PostGreSQL terminal, within a second it will recognize our overall
gives number of server-side pagination techniques that details by matching the details in the database by using
differ in speed, integrity and support. There are three kinds Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
of functions in PostGreSQL as fundamental constraints. (HTTP) network and it takes the Internet protocol (IP)
The fast path interface available in PostGreSQL offers a address from the public server and processes it to display in
powerful, convenient and reliable functionality over the the monitor. With the help of the chip presented inside the
data in the store. silver coated part in the smart cards, it does all these
 Maximum database size is unlimited. operations. It will display the username or ID and ask for
 Maximum table size is 32 Terabyte (TB). the authentication like passwords or pins. Those passwords
 Maximum row size is 1.6 TB. will also be checked with the database for the specific user.
 Maximum field size is 1 Gigabyte (GB). If the data provided is correct, it will proceed for the further
 Maximum rows per table is unlimited. steps or it will be terminated when the password is wrong.
 Maximum columns per table is 250 - 1600 depending on Once the password we entered is correct, then it asks for
column types. what type of transactions we needed. Then it will be done
 Maximum indexes per table is unlimited. and the system will be terminated or the connection will be
closed once the process is completed.[4]

6. Implementation:

After adding data in the database, the primary key and

the foreign key will be set and the tables will be linked
according to the keys. Then the data are filtered under some
relationship based on the priorities. There are certain
relational models for PostGreSQL that are used in the tables
for developing the overall relational schema of the
application system (figure 3). That would be useful for
moving on to the further steps of the designing process [4].

Fig. 1: Queries for implantation

The process of the smart card will be quite easy while

viewing in the front end but the mechanisms used in the
backend will be more complicated, that is it has to maintain
the security, control network traffic, collisions,
mismatching of data and etc. As seen in figure 2. Fig. 3: Database table connectivity

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Engineering and Scientific International Journal (ESIJ) ISSN 2394-7187(Online)
Volume 5, Issue 1, January – March 2018 ISSN 2394 - 7179 (Print)

Encryption is made using various algorithms for making smart card increases and the usage of smart cards will also
data secured in the database. The data will be retrieved with be increased around the people. Large data can be managed
the Primary Key (figure 4). easily without investing large amount. As the reliability of
system is more, then the security level will also be more
than that of other systems. We can also reduce the
corruption and bribery in the country by making all the
transactions over smart cards. So, we can have every single
track of transactions made by every individuals.

8. Conclusion

In the current generation, the use of technologies by

people has been increased. A new device or an automated
system is being invented day by day. The smart cards are
used in this fashion, as an automation tool for many
Fig. 4: Connecting operating system with PostGreSQL automation devices. It can be improved by introducing
some new encryption algorithms to keep the data even more
When the user enter the ID of their personal smart card, secured than before. As PostGreSQL database contains
it asks for some kind of authentications like passwords, pin large storage space, more details can be added for the anti-
numbers, patterns and various Biometrics, etc. to make sure theft of the smart cards from unauthorized persons. It will
that the data card is used by a valid user [5]. also be useful in reducing the corruption issues by making
Because of using the PostGreSQL database, the data the transaction of money over smart cards, it leads to safe
retrieval will be faster than other databases. Whereas the banking and it is most important to store data in a reliable
matching data speed of rows and columns in a database will database. We can also track and easily retrieve the data.
be around 3000 to 4000 data per second. When the data are
found, the user details will be displayed on the screen and 9. Future Enhancement
then the user can go for further processes of what they need
to do. After the process is completed, the session time of To reduce the unauthorized access of the smart cards,
that particular ID of smart card will be terminated. Then it various effective biometrics techniques can be used. We can
will wait for another user to access the application or also store more details and at the time of loss of card that
system. can be retrieve easily. we can use Challenge Response
System (CHS) method to make sure that one who currently
6.1 Real Time Applications of Smart Cards using the card is a valid user. CHS is that asking different
questions to the user about their personal details and
There are many real time examples available for smart checking whether the data provided are matching and then
cards which are useful in every fields, it has been an confirming that they are the valid user and they can proceed
essential thing in our day to day life and which is easy to for further steps. To implement these technologies, it needs
carry and use. more time and cost, but it will be more effective for solving
 Payphones: The first card technology was used in 1983 the security issues. PostGreSQL databases are also in
in payphones in France. The advanced features are like developing stage, it can also be improved with some other
phone banking and on-line services. extra features in future.
 Banking and Retail: Smart banking cards can be used as
credit and for direct debit cards. The microchip placed References
on the card and the card readers are using mutual
authentication process.
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