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Smart Home Security System using Zigbee Technology

Research · January 2019

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 Smart Home Security System using
Zigbee Technology
Aman Sharma1 , Dr. Anjana Goen2
1
Research Scholar, Dept. Of ECE, RJIT Tekanpur, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
2
Associate Professor, Dept. Of ECE, RJIT Tekanpur, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT:- Now a days, Home Security threat is the most challenging task in our life. To overcome this
threat, our houses must be Smart. This paper gives a solution to overcome the Home security threat. Using Zigbee
network enabled digital technology, we can make our home Smart and secure. The technology gives us the
opportunity to increase the connectivity of various devices hence we can get an overall security solution. Moreover,
as the area of Internet is widening, we can remotely control and monitor the network enabled devices. The device
can also send signal to the remote person whom we want to notify about the threat. Common gateway is used by
both the Zigbee security system and Wi-Fi network for integration purpose. The use of this system would be
user-friendly, flexible and cost effective.
This system will based on Zigbee network. Hence, the hardware required would be Zigbee Modules,
Micro-Controller (ATMEGA168), Relays, Voltage Regulator and various sensor devices. In this method, The
sensors will sense the threat and send signals to the micro-controller through Zigbee network and the
micro-controller would take appropriate action and send signal to the remote location on the reception of threat
signals.
Zigbee technology is simple, flexible and very reliable to use. It is broadly used transceiver standard. It has low
data rate and consume low power. It’s operational range is in between 10 meters to 20 meters but can be extended
upto 150 meters by the use of direct sequence spread spectrum (which is quite well for the purpose of a home).

Introduction
Almost every day, we hear about the security also monitor and control the system remotely
issues in our surrounding. This issue might be of from any distinct locations.
robbery, murder and all others by tempering the This security system required for
lock in a house. That means only a lock could not be  Empty Homes
the solution to check all these threats, our house  Banks
will have some of the security features so that it  Industries
could automatically detect the situation and work  Many more
accordingly like a smart home. We could convert Suppose, There is no one in the house or bank
our houses into a Smart Home by using some of the and someone came with bad intentions and try to
sensors. These sensors will work as the eyes and temper the lock or try to break the door then this
ears of the house. Like as a human, there must also system will automatically came in action and lock
be a brain to look after the data received by the the door permanently, cameras will start to take
sensors, here this brain is ATMEGA168 picture of the person standing outside the door and
Micro-Controller. This complex system will sense send these picture to the owner and will wait for
the data and will have the superior capability of the response of the owner and then work
decision making about the subject and its accordingly.
environment. Smart home could also be called “Automated
This system will use the Zigbee technology. Home”.
Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4 based specification of
high level Communication protocol which is suited The rest of the paper is organised as follows-
for creating Personal Area Network. This network Section 2 contain system overview
will connect all the sensor devices and the Section 3 contain hardware design
micro-controller and relay devices. The advantage Section 4 contain software design
of using Zigbee is that it works on low power and Section 5 contain experimental result
have sufficient amount of network range. We can
 Home security system
Zigbee technology was came to be known in
2004, since then it is benefice several networking
systems. The main function of the zigbee device is
to create network by connecting the input sensors
and Electro-Mechanical relays, Motors and Alarms
as output.

Fig. 1 shows the basic architecture of the security

system.This is the proposed architecture for Zigbee
based security system. Here, Sensors are used as an Fig. 2 Flow chart of the system
input devices. These inputs are cameras, infrared Fig. 2 shows the sequence of working of the
motion sensors and SIM 900A GSM module. These system. As the device will ask for the password and
sensors will sense the presence of the person trying the door key, if key and password is correct then
to enter into the house or banks, if he is a door will get open and the person can get into the
authorized person then there will be no problem house otherwise, if, any of the two is incorrect then
but if the person is unauthorized then the system door will not open and send a message signal to the
will barred the entrance by locking the doors. owner through GSM Module. After the reply of
Here,In this system some drivers are used as an owner, the device will work accordingly.
output devices. These outputs are relays, motors,
SIM 900 GSM Module. The main purpose of the The devices used are as follows-
proposed design is to use of technology for 1. Micro-controller (ATMEGA168):-ATMEGA168
enhancing the security for upcoming threats.
is a member of AVR family. AVR is a family
Here, We have used Zigbee technology
because it is reliable, low power consumption, low of micro-controllers developed by Atmel. THis
data rate, supports up to 65,000 nodes in a network, is modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC
can automatically established its network and uses single chip micro-controller. It is
small packets compared with WiFi and Bluetooth. high-performance, Low-power Microchip RISC-
This system consist of two modules- based CMOS 8-bit micro-controller combines
 Entrance Sensing Module 16KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write
 Control Module with Relay Controlling capabilities,512B EEPROM, 1KB SRAM,23
Circuits. general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose
 working registers, three flexible ➢ Support for a trust center
timer/counters with compare modes, internal ➢ Provision to ensure message integrity,
and external interrupts, serial programmable confidentiality and authentication.
USART, byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface,
SPI serial port, 6-channel/10-bit A/D The Xbee standard supports three security modes:
converter,programmable watchdog timer with Residential security:- It requires a network key
internal oscillator and five software selectable be shared among devices.
power saving modes. It has 32 pin count and Standard security:- It adds a number of
have operating voltage range of 1.8V to 5.5V. optional security enhancements over
This AVR microcontroller have internal residential security including an APS layer link
EEPROM for semi permanent data storage. key.
This EEPROM maintain data stored in it even High security:- It adds entity authentication
after the removal of power. The data stored in and a number of other features not widely
this micro-controller retains for almost 100 supported.
years at 25°C, that means for a very long
time. Key features of Zigbee Technology:-
One of the important feature of this AVR ➢ Cost effective
micro-controller is that It has Flash, EEPROM ➢ Highly reliable and secure.
and SRAM integrated on a single chip. ➢ Supports multiple network topologies e.g.
2. Zigbee RF Communication:- Zigbee is an opne Point to point,point to multi point, mesh
global standard based on the IEEE 80.15.4 network and cluster tree.
standard with low-power, low-cost, wireless ➢ The speed of data rate is 250 Kbps.
mesh networking. Zigbee represents a network ➢ Low latency
layer above the 802.15.4 layers to support ➢ Long battery life due to low duty cycle.
advanced mesh routing capabilities. ➢ It supports 65000 nodes per network.
➢ Has 128 bit AES encryption for secure data
Zigbee nodes are of 3 types- connections.
➢ Coordinator:- A node that has the unique ➢ Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum provides
function of forming a network. The coordinator excellent performance in Signal to Noise ratio
is responsible for establishing the operating environment.
channel and PAN IDfor an entire network.
➢ Router:- A node that creates/maintains 3. GSM Module SIM 900A:- GSM Modem RS232
network information and uses this information is built with dual band GSM engine. SIM900A
to determine the best route for data packet. A works on frequencies 900/1800 MHz. The
router must join a network before it allows Modem is coming with RS232 interface. The
other routers and end devices to join. baud rate is configurable from 9600-115200
➢ End devices must always interact with their through AT command. The GSM modem is
parent to receive or transmit data. They are having internal TCP/IP stack to enable you to
intended to sleep preriodically and therefore connect with internet via GPRS. It is suitable
have no routing capacity. An end device can be for SMS, Voice as well as Data transfer.
source or destination for data packets but A GSM modem duly interfaced to the
cannot route packets. Micro-Controller through the level shifter IC
Zigbee Security:- Zigbee supports various level Max232. The SIM card mounted GSM modem
of security depending upon the needs of the upon receiving digit command by SMS from
application.Security provisions include:- any cell phone send that data to the
➢ 128 bit AES encryption micro-controller through serial Communication.
➢ Two security keys that can be preconfigured or While the program is executed, the GSM
obtained during joining. modem receives command ‘STOP’ to develop
 an output at the micro-controller, the contact In this experiment, We have taken an
point of which are used to disable the ignition assumption that there is no problem in GSM
switch. The command so send by the user is operator network and as we send a message it got
based on an intimation received by him received to the other one and owner replies
through the GSM modem ‘ALERT’ a immediately.
programmed message only if the input is Previous one was quantitative analysis but
driven low. when we talk about the quality then in all the 10
Comparision of Zigbee with related time when we uses wrong key or password, system
technologies:- do not open the door and send the message to the
Technology Bluetooth WiFi Zigbee owner all the 10 times.The avg time taken in getting
Frequency 2.4GHz 2.4GHZ 868MHz message by owner is about 2 min. 40 sec.
5GHz 915GHz
2.4GHz Conclusion
Modulation FHSS QPSK BPSK A Smart Home Security System using Zigbee
COFDM O-QPSK
technology is built and implemented. The System is
QAM
Error Control CRC(16 bit) CRC(32 bit) CRC(16 bit)
targeted for Security of Home, Banks, Industries etc.
Now a days, Everybody is conscious about the
Range 10m 100m 10m-100m
Network Size 8 2007 64000 security of their life and property and if we can
Power Medium High Very Low provide such a system which will take care of it
Consumption then it will be the smarter use of technology in
Table-1, Comparision of Bluetooth,WiFi and Zigbee everybody’s life. The proposed technology is
reliable, cost saving and effective.
Experimental Result The prototype can control all the security
Now analyze the implemented system on both devices in a home or banks because only one smart
the qualitative measures and quantitative measure server is enough for monitoring and controlling
with some of the experiments. thousands of device instead using different smart
To analyze the system, we are going to observe servers. The System implements wireless network
the time taken by the system to respond on using Zigbee Module as it has higher efficiency and
different occasions with right and wrong keys and low power consumption. The preliminary test
Password. The door was opened with right keys and results are promising.
password 10 times and with either wrong key or
password or both 10 time. Acknowledgment
The author would like to thank the
Avg.Time Avg. Delay Time taken
Department of Electronics and Communication
taken by after in (if)
system is reception of opening the Engineering, Rustam Ji Institute of Technology,
sending message by door(ms) Tekanpur for their overwhelming support and
message( system(ms) precious guidance.
ms)
With right key N/A N/A 1230
and Password
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