CT Calc-Gs-Lvac Swgr.

Doc.No.
CE093A/GS/D11/1003
D E W A Contract CE/093/2002 -
132/11kV GOLDEN SANDS SUBSTATION
LVAC Switchgear CT Calculation
a) General Data :-
CT CALC-GS-LVAC SWGR,1
1) System voltage = 400 V
2) System fault level, If = 31.5 KA, 1 sec.
3) CT Manufacturer = M/s.RITZ, Germany
b) Lead Resistance Calculation
The lead length from CT to relay is assumed as 5 Meters since the relays / meter are located in
the LV Compartment. However, lead length from neutral CT to relay is assumed as 125 m.
2.5 Sq.mm Cable
From Manufacturer’s table,
With a size of 2.5 sq.mm cable the lead resistance = 7.41 Ohms/Km
at 20ºC
= 0.00741 Ohms/Meter
For 5 meters, R20 = 0.03705 Ohms
Temperature co-efficient of resistance ( 20) = 0.00393
RL at 75 C = R 20 [ 1 +  20 (T2 - T1) ]

= 0.045 Ohms
For Neutral CTs
Consider 125 m lead length,
RL at 20C = 0.92625 Ohm
RL at 75C = R20 [1 +  20 (T2 – T1) ]
= 1.13 Ohms
Doc.No.CE093A/GS/D11/1003
1) T1 – T3
Application : Metering
Relay type/Make : Prometer, CEWE, Sweden
CT Ratio : 1000/1A
1.1) Calculation of Burden at Rated Current :-
1) Energy meter (pro meter) = 0.8 VA
2) Cabling loop (2 x 0.045) = 0.09 VA
3) CT internal resistance = 2.7 VA
--------------
Total = 3.59 VA
--------------
Burden required = 3.59 VA
1.2) Verification of Instrument Security Factor :-
Fault current = 11547A (Refer item 3.1.1).
Connected burden VA device = 3.59 VA
CT Internal resistance VACTR = 2.7 Ohms
Rated burden VACT = 10 VA
Rated Fs (N) = 5
The product of core output (10 VA) and ISF (5) remain constant
= 10 x 5
= 50
Instrument security factor with a connected burden of 3.59
= 50 = 13.93
3.59
Hence, CT is adequate.
CT Provided by the Manufacturer :-
CT Ratio : 1000/1A
Class of accuracy : CL 0.5 Fs  5
Burden : 10 VA
Rated short time thermal current Ith(1sec.) : 31.5 kA
Rated continuous thermal current : 120%
2) T4 – T7
Application : Overcurrent & Earth fault Protection and Metering
Relay type / make : DCD314B/DCD114A, M/s.VA Tech, U.K./
Ammeter,CEWE,Sweden.
CT Ratio : 1000/1A
2.1) Calculation of Burden at Rated Current
1) DCD314B = 0.15 VA (0.05 x 3)
2) DCD114A = 0.05 VA
3) ICT = 1.0 VA
4) Ammeter = 0.001 VA
----------------
Total = 1.201 VA
----------------
Burden required is = 1.201 VA
2.2) Verification of Accuracy Limit Factor :-
N (VACT + VACTR) > ALF (VAdevice + VACTR)
Where
N = Rated ALF = 20
VACT = Rated CT burden = 15 VA
VACTR = CT Internal resistance = 7 Ohms
VAdevice = Connected burden = 1.201 VA
ALF = 11547 = 11.547 (refer item 3.1.1)
1000
i.e., 20 (15 + 7) > 11.547 (1.201 + 7)
440 > 94.7
Hence, selected burden of 15 VA & ALF of 20 are adequate.
CT Provided by Manufacturer
Ratio : 1000 /1 Amps
Class of accuracy : CL 10P20
Burden : 15 VA
Rated short time thermal current Ith (1 sec.) : 31.5 KA
3) T8 – T10 & T11 :
Relay type/make : DCD124A, M/s.VA Tech Reyrolle, UK
CT Ratio : 1000/1A
Class of accuracy : CL.X
3.1) Calculation of Knee Point Voltage Vk
The calculation of knee point voltage for REF Protection is carried out as per
ESI 48 - 3.
3.1.1) Stability Voltage Setting Vs
As per clause 7.2.1 & Fig. 5 of ESI 48 – 3
(i) Consider an external phase to earth short circuit and assume complete
saturation of a line CT, then Vs shall be not less than
Vs > IF [A + B + F]
Where
IF = Fault current corresponding to rated stability limit
= 16 times rated current of protected winding
= 16 x 500
3 x 0.4
= 11547 Amps.
A = Resistance of wiring plus line CT secondary winding
= RCT + RL
= 8 + 0.045
= 8.045 Ohms
N = Resistance of wiring plus neutral CT secondary
winding
= 8 + 1.13
= 9.13 Ohms.
B = Resistance of wiring
= RL
= 0.045 Ohms.
F = Resistance of wiring
= Already included in A, B, N above
= 0
T = Turns ratio of line and neutral CTs
= 1__
1000
Therefore,
Vs  11547 (8.045 + 0.045 + 0) 1__
1000
 93.42 Volts
 100 Volts
(ii) Consider an external phase to earth short circuit and assume complete
saturation of the neutral current transformer, then Vs shall not be less than
Vs  IF (N) T
 11547 x 9.13 x 1__

1000
 105.42 Volts
 110 Volts
(iii) Consider an external phase to phase or 3 phase short circuit and assume
complete saturation of a line CT, then Vs shall not be less than
Vs  IF A T Volts
 11547 x 8.045 x 1__
1000
 92.89 Volts
 100 Volts
From the above, consider voltage setting of Vs = 115V.
3.2) Knee Point Voltage Vk
As per ESI 48 – 3, the knee point voltage of CTs shall be at least twice that of
stability voltage setting
i.e., Vk  2Vs
 2 x 115
 230 Volts
3.3) Magnetising Current Imag :-
As per ESI 48 - 3 when the protected winding of the transformer is connected to a solidly
earthed power system, the fault setting shall be between 10% and 60% of the rated current
of the protected winding.
Rated current = Base KVA_

 3 x Base kV
= 500__
3 x 0.4
= 721.69 Amps
= 722 Amps
i.e., setting shall be between 72.2 A and 433.2 A
Primary operating current Iop = (Is + I2 + 3 Il +Im ) / T
Where
Is = Relay setting current
= 0.1 A
I2 = Neutral CT Magnetising current at Vk/2
= 10 mA
Im = Metrosil current = 5 mA (Assumed)
Il = Line CT magnetising at Vk/2
= 10 mA
T = Turns ratio
= 1_
1000
 Iop = (0.1 + 0.01 + 0.01 x 3 + 0.005) 1000
= 145 Amps
Approximate 20.08% of the rated current of the protected winding.
Since, the fault setting is between 10% and 60% of the rated current of the protected
winding, as per ESI 48 - 3, the selected magnetising current of 10 mA is suitable for the
system protection.
1.4) Stabilising Resistor :-
Relay voltage setting Vs = 115 Volts
Relay current setting Is = 0.1A
Relay burden VA = 1 VA
Stabilising resistor Rsr = Vs - VA

Is Is2
= 115 - 1__
0.1 0.12
= 1150 – 100
= 1050 Ohms.
Selected stabilising resistor = 0 – 1500 Ohm (variable)
1.5) Requirement of Metrosil :-
The max. voltage in the absence of CT saturation is
Vf = IF T (RCT + 2RL + RSR + Rrelay)
= 11547 (8 + 2 x 1.13 + 1050 + 1)

1000
= 12254 Volts
Peak voltage developed across relay
Vp = 2 2Vk (Vf – Vk) where
Vk = 300 V (Actual knee pt voltage of CT)
Vp = 2 2 x 300 (12254 - 300)
= 5356 Volts
Since, peak voltage developed across relay is more than 3 kV, metrosil is provided.
Type : 600A/S1/S256
C : 450
 : 0.25
CT Provided by Manufacturer
CT Ratio : 1000/1 Amps
Class of accuracy : CLX
Secondary resistance at 75 C  8 Ohms
RCT
Knee point voltage, Vk  300 Volts
Magnetising current, Imag  10 mA at Vk/2
Rated short time thermal current Ith (1 sec.) : 31.5 KA

CT Calc-Gs-Lvac Swgr.

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Doc.No.

LVAC Switchgear CT Calculation

2) System fault level, If = 31.5 KA, 1 sec.

3) CT Manufacturer = M/s.RITZ, Germany

b) Lead Resistance Calculation

2.5 Sq.mm Cable

From Manufacturer’s table,

Temperature co-efficient of resistance ( 20) = 0.00393

RL at 75 C = R 20 [ 1 +  20 (T2 - T1) ]

Consider 125 m lead length,

RL at 75C = R20 [1 +  20 (T2 – T1) ]

1.1) Calculation of Burden at Rated Current :-

1) Energy meter (pro meter) = 0.8 VA

2) Cabling loop (2 x 0.045) = 0.09 VA

3) CT internal resistance = 2.7 VA

1.2) Verification of Instrument Security Factor :-

Connected burden VA device = 3.59 VA

CT Internal resistance VACTR = 2.7 Ohms

Rated burden VACT = 10 VA

Instrument security factor with a connected burden of 3.59

Class of accuracy : CL 0.5 Fs  5

Rated short time thermal current Ith(1sec.) : 31.5 kA

Rated continuous thermal current : 120%

Application : Overcurrent & Earth fault Protection and Metering

Relay type / make : DCD314B/DCD114A, M/s.VA Tech, U.K./

2.1) Calculation of Burden at Rated Current

1) DCD314B = 0.15 VA (0.05 x 3)

2.2) Verification of Accuracy Limit Factor :-

VACT = Rated CT burden = 15 VA

VACTR = CT Internal resistance = 7 Ohms

VAdevice = Connected burden = 1.201 VA

440 > 94.7

Hence, selected burden of 15 VA & ALF of 20 are adequate.

Ratio : 1000 /1 Amps

Class of accuracy : CL 10P20

Rated continuous thermal current : 120%

Relay type/make : DCD124A, M/s.VA Tech Reyrolle, UK

Class of accuracy : CL.X

3.1) Calculation of Knee Point Voltage Vk

3.1.1) Stability Voltage Setting Vs

As per clause 7.2.1 & Fig. 5 of ESI 48 – 3

= 16 times rated current of protected winding

A = Resistance of wiring plus line CT secondary winding

T = Turns ratio of line and neutral CTs

 11547 x 9.13 x 1__

From the above, consider voltage setting of Vs = 115V.

3.3) Magnetising Current Imag :-

Rated current = Base KVA_

i.e., setting shall be between 72.2 A and 433.2 A

Primary operating current Iop = (Is + I2 + 3 Il +Im ) / T

I2 = Neutral CT Magnetising current at Vk/2

Im = Metrosil current = 5 mA (Assumed)

Il = Line CT magnetising at Vk/2

1.4) Stabilising Resistor :-

Relay current setting Is = 0.1A

Stabilising resistor Rsr = Vs - VA

Selected stabilising resistor = 0 – 1500 Ohm (variable)

1.5) Requirement of Metrosil :-

Vf = IF T (RCT + 2RL + RSR + Rrelay)

= 11547 (8 + 2 x 1.13 + 1050 + 1)

Vp = 2 2Vk (Vf – Vk) where

Vk = 300 V (Actual knee pt voltage of CT)

Vp = 2 2 x 300 (12254 - 300)

CT Ratio : 1000/1 Amps

Class of accuracy : CLX

Secondary resistance at 75 C  8 Ohms

Magnetising current, Imag  10 mA at Vk/2

Rated short time thermal current Ith (1 sec.) : 31.5 KA

Rated continuous thermal current : 120%

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