Arduino: Servo Motors

Diagrams & Code

Brown County Library

Project 01: Sweep

Components needed:
 Arduino Uno board
 breadboard
 5 jumper wires
 Servo motor
 Capacitor - 100 µF
/*
Servo 01 : Sweep
Source: Code adapted from Adafruit Arduino - Lesson 14. Servo Motors
(https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-arduino-lesson-14-servo-motors)
*/

#include <Servo.h> // indicate that we want to use the Servo library

Servo servo; // initialize the Servo library

int servoPin = 9; // control lead of servo connected to pin 9

int angle = 0; // set the initial servo position in degrees

void setup() {
servo.attach(servoPin); // indicate that servo motor is attached to the servoPin
}

void loop() {
for(angle = 0; angle < 180; angle++) // counts up from 0 to 180 (max angle) using the variable "angle"
{
servo.write(angle); // set the new angle
delay(15); // delay between the steps
}

for(angle = 180; angle > 0; angle--) // counts down from 0 to 180 (max angle) using the variable "angle"
{
servo.write(angle); // set the new angle
delay(15); // delay between the steps
}
}

8/2018
Brown County Library
Project 02: Potentiometer
Components needed:
 Arduino Uno board
 breadboard
 6 jumper wires
 Servo motor
 Capacitor - 100 µF
 10k potentiometer

8/2018
Brown County Library
/*
Servo 02 : Potentiometer
Source: Code adapted from Arduino.cc Knob (https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Knob) and
Sparkfun's Inventor Kit Experiment Guide for Arduino V4.0 – Circuit 3A: Servo Motors
(https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/sparkfun-inventors-kit-experiment-guide---v40/circuit-3a-servo-
motors)
*/

#include <Servo.h> // indicate that we want to use the Servo library

Servo servo; // initialize the Servo library

int servoPin = 9; // control lead of servo connected to pin 9

int potPin = 0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer

int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin
int angle; // variable for the angle that we will calculate

void setup() {
servo.attach(servoPin); // indicate that servo motor is attached to the servoPin
}

void loop() {
val = analogRead(potPin); // reads the value of the potentiometer (value between 0 and 1023)
angle = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 180); // scale that value to use it with the servo (value between 0 and 180)
servo.write(angle); // sets the servo position according to the scaled value
delay(15); // waits for the servo to get there
}

8/2018
Brown County Library
Project 03: Serial Monitor
Components needed:
 Arduino Uno board
 breadboard
 5 jumper wires
 Servo motor
 Capacitor - 100 µF

8/2018
Brown County Library
/*
Servo 03 : Serial Monitor
Source: Code adapted from Sparkfun's Inventor Kit Experiment Guide for Arduino V3.3 – Experiment 8:
Driving a Servo Motor (https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/sik-experiment-guide-for-arduino---
v33/experiment-8-driving-a-servo-motor)
*/

#include <Servo.h> // indicate that we want to use the Servo library

Servo servo; // initialize the Servo library

int servoPin = 9; // control lead of servo connected to pin 9

int angle; // establish the angle variable (to be used later)

void setup() {
servo.attach(servoPin); // indicate that servo motor is attached to the servoPin
Serial.begin(9600); // initialize the serial communication

Serial.println("Type an angle (0-180) into the box above,"); // print two lines of instructions
Serial.println("then click [send] or press [return]");
Serial.println(); // and then a blank line
}

void loop() {
while (Serial.available() > 0) // check to see if incoming data is available
{
angle = Serial.parseInt(); // if it is, we'll use parseInt() to pull out any numbers
angle = constrain(angle, 0, 180); // make sure the number is between 0 & 180

Serial.print("Setting angle to "); // print a message in the serial monitor with the new angle
Serial.println(angle);

servo.write(angle); // move the servo to that angle

}
}

8/2018
Brown County Library
 Ideas to Build On
Build a simple knock lock that would open the door after knocking on a piezo the correct number of times!
See page 9 of this document. Warning – this one is a bit finicky!

Build a prototype of the automatic sunglasses.

This project uses an Arduino Mini – can you adjust what is found on the website with the materials you have
on hand on? Remember, this will just be a prototype!
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/ashraf_minhaj/sunglass-bot-an-automated-pair-of-sunglasses-
bdd1b6?ref=platform&ref_id=424_trending___&offset=94

Build a simple version of this servo “sunflower” – the motor rotates to follow the light hitting two
photoresistors.
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/Rick_Findus/arduino-sunflower-c4fd84?ref=tag&ref_id=servo&offset=3

Learn More
Want to learn more about how servo motors, Arduino Libraries and capacitors work? Try these resources:

Adafruit All About Arduino Libraries. Bill Earl.

https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-all-about-arduino-libraries-install-use?view=all

Adafruit Arduino Lesson 14: Servo Motors. Simon Monk.

https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-arduino-lesson-14-servo-motors?view=all

Adafruit Tips, Tricks & Techniques: Arduino Libraries. Lady Ada and Tyler Cooper.
https://learn.adafruit.com/arduino-tips-tricks-and-techniques/arduino-libraries

Arduino – Libraries. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/Libraries

Arduino – Servo Library. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/Servo

Arduino Project Handbook. Mark Geddes. 2016. Pg. 78-84.

Arduino Projects Book. Scott Fitzgerald, Michael Shiloh & Tom Igoe. 2012. Pg. 124-134.

With corrections found here: https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=175831.0

Exploring Arduino: Tools and Techniques for Engineering Wizardry. Jeremy Blum. 2013. Pg. 80-86.

How Does a Capacitor Work? Øyvind Nydal Dahl.

https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-does-a-capacitor-work/

How Servo Motors Work & How to Control Servos Using Arduino. Dejan Nedelkovski.
https://howtomechatronics.com/how-it-works/how-servo-motors-work-how-to-control-servos-using-arduino/
8/2018
Brown County Library
Sparkfun SIK Experiment Guide for Arduino V3.3 – Experiment 8: Driving a Servo Motor.
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/sparkfun-inventors-kit-experiment-guide---v40/circuit-4a-lcd-hello-world

Sparkfun SIK Experiment Guide for Arduino V4.0 – Circuit 3A: Servo Motors.
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/sparkfun-inventors-kit-experiment-guide---v40/circuit-3a-servo-motors

Sparkfun Capacitor Tutorial. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/capacitors

Sparkfun Hobby Servo Tutorial. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/hobby-servo-tutorial

8/2018
Brown County Library
Extra Project: Knock Lock
Components needed:
 Arduino Uno board
 breadboard
 14 jumper wires
 Servo motor
 Capacitor - 100 µF
 Push button
 Piezo
 3 x LEDs (green, yellow, red)
 3 x 220 ohm resistor
 10k ohm resistor
 1 million ohm resistor

8/2018
Brown County Library
/*Created 18 September 2012
by Scott Fitzgerald Thanks to Federico Vanzati for improvements
http://arduino.cc/starterKit
This example code is part of the public domain.
*/

#include <Servo.h>
Servo servo9; // Pin connected to servo mpo
const int piezo = A0; // Pin connected to piezo
const int switchPin = 2; // Pin connected to servo
const int yellowLed = 3; // Pin connected to yellow LED
const int greenLed = 4; // Pin connected to green LED
const int redLed = 5; // Pin connected to red LED
int knockVal; // Value for the knock strength
int switchVal;
const int quietKnock = 10; // Set min value that will be accepted
const int loudKnock = 100; // Set max value that will be accepted
boolean locked = false; // A true or false variable
int numberOfKnocks = 0; // Value for number of knocks
void setup() {
servo9.attach(9);
pinMode(yellowLed, OUTPUT); // Set LED pins as outputs
pinMode(greenLed, OUTPUT);
pinMode(redLed, OUTPUT);
pinMode(switchPin, INPUT); // Set servo pin as input
Serial.begin(9600);
digitalWrite(greenLed, HIGH); // Green LED is lit when the
// sequence is correct
servo9.write(0);
Serial.println("The box is unlocked!");
}
void loop() {
if (locked == false) {
switchVal = digitalRead(switchPin);
if (switchVal == HIGH) {
locked = true;
digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);
digitalWrite(redLed, HIGH);
servo9.write(90);
Serial.println("The box is locked!");
delay(1000);
}
}
if (locked == true) {
knockVal = analogRead(piezo); // Knock value is read by analog pin
if (numberOfKnocks < 3 && knockVal > 0) {
if (checkForKnock(knockVal) == true) { // Check for correct
8/2018
Brown County Library
 // number of knocks
numberOfKnocks++;
}
Serial.print(3 - numberOfKnocks);
Serial.println(" more knocks to go");
}
if (numberOfKnocks >= 3) { // If 3 valid knocks are detected,
// the servo moves
locked = false;
servo9.write(0);
delay(20);
digitalWrite(greenLed, HIGH);
digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);
Serial.println("The box is unlocked!");
numberOfKnocks = 0; // resets number of knocks to 0
}
}
}
boolean checkForKnock(int value) { // Checks knock value
if (value > quietKnock && value < loudKnock) { // Value needs to be
// between these
digitalWrite(yellowLed, HIGH);
delay(50);
digitalWrite(yellowLed, LOW);
Serial.print("Valid knock of value ");
Serial.println(value);
return true;
}
else { // If value is false then send this to the IDE serial
Serial.print("Bad knock value ");
Serial.println(value);
return false;
}
}

8/2018
Brown County Library