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Q1) O (1) Time Complexity in Loops:: // Here C Is A Constant

Loops with a constant number of iterations or that increment/decrement the counter by a constant amount at each step have O(1) or O(n) time complexity, respectively. Nested loops have complexity equal to the number of times the innermost statement executes, like O(n^2) for a double loop. A loop that multiplies/divides the counter by a constant each iteration has O(logn) complexity, while one that increases/decreases the counter exponentially has O(loglogn) complexity. When multiple loops are consecutive, their complexities are added to find the overall complexity, like O(m+n) for loops of sizes m and n running consecutively.

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68 views

Q1) O (1) Time Complexity in Loops:: // Here C Is A Constant

Loops with a constant number of iterations or that increment/decrement the counter by a constant amount at each step have O(1) or O(n) time complexity, respectively. Nested loops have complexity equal to the number of times the innermost statement executes, like O(n^2) for a double loop. A loop that multiplies/divides the counter by a constant each iteration has O(logn) complexity, while one that increases/decreases the counter exponentially has O(loglogn) complexity. When multiple loops are consecutive, their complexities are added to find the overall complexity, like O(m+n) for loops of sizes m and n running consecutively.

Uploaded by

Avirup Ray
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1) O(1) Time complexity in loops: 

Time complexity of a function (or set of statements) is considered as O(1) if it doesn’t contain loop,
recursion and call to any other non-constant time function.
A loop or recursion that runs a constant number of times is also considered as O(1). For example the
following loop is O(1).

for (int i = 1; i <= c; i++) // Here c is a constant


{
// some O(1) expressions
}
Q2) O(n) Time Complexity in loops: 
Time Complexity of a loop is considered as O(n) if the loop variables is incremented / decremented by a
constant amount.

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i += c)// Here c is a positive integer constant


{
// some O(1) expressions
}

for (int i = n; i > 0; i -= c)


{
// some O(1) expressions
}

Q3) O(nc) complexity in loops: Time complexity of nested loops is equal to the number of times the
innermost statement is executed. For example the following sample loops have O(n 2) time complexity

for (int i = 1; i <=n; i += c) {


for (int j = 1; j <=n; j += c) {
// some O(1) expressions
}
}

for (int i = n; i > 0; i -= c) {


for (int j = i+1; j <=n; j += c) {
// some O(1) expressions
}

Q4) O(Logn) Time complexity in loops


Time Complexity of a loop is considered as O(Logn) if the loop variables is divided / multiplied by a
constant amount.
for (int i = 1; i <=n; i *= c)
{
// some O(1) expressions
}

for (int i = n; i > 0; i /= c)


{
// some O(1) expressions
}
.
Q5) O(log(logn)) Time complexity in loops
Time Complexity of a loop is considered as O(LogLogn) if the loop variables is reduced / increased
exponentially by a constant amount.

for (int i = 2; i <=n; i = pow(i, c)) //Here c is a constant greater than 1


{
// some O(1) expressions
}

for (int i = n; i > 1; i = fun(i))//fun(i)=square root ,cube root,4th root…….of i


{
// some O(1) expressions
}

Q6) How to combine time complexities of consecutive loops?


When there are consecutive loops, we calculate time complexity as sum of time complexities of
individual loops.
for (int i = 1; i <=m; i += c)
{
// some O(1) expressions
}

for (int i = 1; i <=n; i += c)


{
// some O(1) expressions
}
Time complexity of above code is O(m) + O(n) => O(m+n)
If m == n, the time complexity becomes O(2n) which is O(n).

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