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Normalization Example: Project Management Report

The document describes the process of normalizing a company project report into third normal form (3NF) in four steps: 1) Create an initial un-normalized table (UNF) from the report data. 2) Transform the UNF into first normal form (1NF) by removing any repeating attributes into separate tables. 3) Transform the 1NF into second normal form (2NF) by removing non-key attributes that depend on only part of a compound key. 4) Transform the 2NF into third normal form (3NF) by removing non-key attributes that depend more on other non-key attributes than on the table key.

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263 views3 pages

Normalization Example: Project Management Report

The document describes the process of normalizing a company project report into third normal form (3NF) in four steps: 1) Create an initial un-normalized table (UNF) from the report data. 2) Transform the UNF into first normal form (1NF) by removing any repeating attributes into separate tables. 3) Transform the 1NF into second normal form (2NF) by removing non-key attributes that depend on only part of a compound key. 4) Transform the 2NF into third normal form (3NF) by removing non-key attributes that depend more on other non-key attributes than on the table key.

Uploaded by

DEE SAR DSN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
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Normalization Example

Below is an extract from a company report, which describes projects being


worked upon by employees. This report is to be “normalized”.

Project Management Report


Project Code: PC010
Project Title: Pensions System
Project Tae Hyung Project Budget: $24,500
Manager:

Emp No Emp Name Dept No Dept Name Hourly Rate

S1001 YoonA L004 IT $22.00


S1003 Y S Ho L023 Business $20.50
S2101 K S Hyun L004 IT $21.00

Total Staff on Project: 3 Average Hourly Rate: $21.17

Step 1: Un-normalized Form (UNF)


 Select the data source and convert into an un-normalized table (UNF)
 The process is as follows:
 Create column headings for each data item on the report (ignoring any
calculated fields).
 Enter sample data into table.
 Identify a key for table (and underline it).
 Remove duplicate data (in this example, for the chosen key of Project
Code, the values for Project Code, Project Title, Project Manager and
Project Budget, hourly rate are duplicated if there are two or more
employees working on the same project).

UNF: Un-normalized Table


Step 2: First Normal Form (1NF)
 Transform a table of un-normalized data into first normal form (1NF).
 Rule: remove any repeating attributes to a new table.
 The process is as follows:
 Identify repeating attributes.
 Remove these repeating attributes to a new table together with a copy
of the key from the UNF table.
 Assign a key to the new table (and underline it). The key from the
original un-normalized table always becomes part of the key of the
new table. A compound key is created. The value for this key must be
unique for each entity occurrence.
1NF with Repeating Attributes Removed

Step 3: Second Normal Form (2NF)


 Transform the data in first normal form (1NF) into second normal form
(2NF).
 Rule: remove any non-key attributes that only depend on part of the
table key to a new table.
 Ignore tables with (a) a simple key or (b) with no non-key attributes (these
go straight to 2NF with no conversion).
 The process is as follows:
 Take each non-key attribute in turn and ask the question: is this attribute
dependent on one part of the key?
 If yes, remove attribute to new table with a copy of the part of the key
it is dependent upon. The key it is dependent upon becomes the key in
the new table. Underline the key in this new table.
 If no, check against other part of the key and repeat above process.
 If still no, i.e. not dependent on either part of key, keep attribute in
current table.
2NF: Partial Key Dependencies Removed

Step 4: Third Normal Form (3NF)


 Transform the data in second normal form (2NF) into third normal form
(3NF).
 Rule: remove to a new table any non-key attributes that are more
dependent on other non-key attributes than the table key.
 Ignore tables with zero or only one non-key attribute (these go straight to
3NF with no conversion).
 The process is as follows:
 If a non-key attribute is more dependent on another non-key attribute than
the table key:
 Move the dependent attribute, together with a copy of the non-key
attribute upon which it is dependent, to a new table.
 Make the non-key attribute, upon which it is dependent, the key in the
new table. Underline the key in this new table.
 Leave the non-key attribute, upon which it is dependent, in the original
table and mark it a foreign key (*).
3NF: Non-Key Dependencies Removed

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