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Bridges PDF

A bridge provides passage over an obstacle without blocking the space below. It can allow crossing for roads, railways, pedestrians, canals, or pipelines. Bridges have several key parts: the superstructure or decking that bears the load, bearings that transmit the load to the substructure, and the substructure of piers and abutments that support the overall structure. Bridges can be classified in various ways such as by the location of the deck, whether the structure is fixed or movable, the nature as temporary or permanent, and the materials used.

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109 views5 pages

Bridges PDF

A bridge provides passage over an obstacle without blocking the space below. It can allow crossing for roads, railways, pedestrians, canals, or pipelines. Bridges have several key parts: the superstructure or decking that bears the load, bearings that transmit the load to the substructure, and the substructure of piers and abutments that support the overall structure. Bridges can be classified in various ways such as by the location of the deck, whether the structure is fixed or movable, the nature as temporary or permanent, and the materials used.

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Basavaraj Hs
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BRIDGES

A bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath. The
required passage may be for a road, a railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline. The obstacle to be
crossed may be a river, a road, railway or a valley.

The bridge structure comprises of the following parts.


1. Superstructure or Decking:
This includes slab, girder, truss, etc. This bears the load passing over it and transmits the forces caused
by the same to the substructures.
2. Bearings:
The bearings transmit the load received from the decking on to the substructure and are provided for
distribution of the load evenly over the substructure material which may not have sufficient bearing
strength to bear the superstructure load directly.
3. Substructure:
This comprises piers and abutments, wing walls or returns and their foundation.

Classification of bridges: bridges can be classified INTO VARIOUS TYPES depending up


on the following factors
1. Location of bridge floor
a. Deck bridges: These are bridges in which road formation level or pavement is on top of super
structure. In such bridges sufficient head room for all vehicles is available. RCC beam bridges, Steel
girder bridges are example for Deck bridges.
b. Through bridges: These are bridges in which the road formation level is at the bottom of the super
structure.

c. Semi -through bridges: These are bridges in which the road formation level is at some intermediate

level of the super structure.


2. Superstructure : based on superstructure the bridges may be classified as truss bridges, Arch
bridges, Suspension bridges & cantilever bridges.
3. Fixed or Movable
a. Bascule bridges
In bascule bridges, the entire super structure is rotated in vertical plane to 70 to 80°, the
bascule bridge may either be single or double.

b.Swing bridges
In swing bridges, the girders and deck can be swung about its middle over the middle pier,
clearing the span on either side for passage ship.
c. Lift bridges
In this case, gantries are provided at the piers at either end of the span and the entire girder
and the floor system is lifted up by a hydraulic arrangement to the extent required for free
passage of the ship.

4. Nature of life
a. Temporary bridges
The temporary bridges are defined as structures, which are constructed to cross a river or a
stream in place of permanent works. Such bridges are useful when it is not possible to construct
a permanent bridge due to shortage of money, time, good materials or skilled labour.
b. Permanent bridges
The permanent bridges are defined as structures, which are constructed to cross a river or a
stream permanently.

5. Span
1. Culverts (less than 6m)
Culvert is a bridge having a gross length of six meters or less between the faces of abutments
2. Minor bridge ( span 8 to 30m)
3. Major bridge (span 30 to 120m)
4. Long span bridge (span above 120m)

6. Alignment
a. Square bridge: if the bridge is at right angles to the obstacle it is termed as square bridge.
b. Skew bridge: if the bridge is not at right angle to the obstacle it is termed as skew bridge

7. Purpose
Road Bridge, Rail Bridge, Rail & Road Bridge, Pedestrian Bridge, Aquaduct, Viaduct

8. Position of high flood level


Submersible & Non Submersible

9. Material
Based on materials used for construction of bridges, they may be classified as Concrete Bridge,
Steel Bridge, Timber Bridge, R C C bridge, masonry bridge & Composite Bridge

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