University of San Carlos

School of Law
First Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021
SYLLABUS on PROPERTY
Prof: Atty. Maricris Bathan-Lasco, CPA

READING ASSIGNMENT FOR MODULE 2:

OWNERSHIP

I. OWNERSHIP IN GENERAL
a. Definition (Art. 427)
b. Kinds of Ownership
c. Rights of an Owner (Arts. 428-430, 437)
1. Use, Possession, Fruits and Disposition
a. Perez v. Evite (G.R. No. L-16003, March 29, 1961)
b. Olego vs. Rebueno (G.R. No. L-39350, October 29, 1975)
c. Nazareno vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 138842, October 18,
2000)
d. Flancia vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 146997, April 26, 2005)
e. Vda. De Bautista vs. Marcos (G.R. No. L-17072, October 31,
1961)
2. Doctrine of Self-Help
i. German Management & Services vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No.
76216. September 14, 1989)
3. Enclosing and Fencing (Art. 430)
4. Surface Rights of Landowner (Art. 437)
i. Extent
ii. Limitations
iii. Case
a. Republic vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. L-43938. April 15,
1988)
d. Recovery of Possession and/or Ownership
1. Actions available to owner
i. Recovery of Personal Property
a. Replevin
i. Definition
ii. Cases
1. Arabesque Industrial Phils. vs. Court of
Appeals (G.R. No. 101431 December 14,
1992)
2. Chua vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 79021
May 17, 1993)
ii. Recovery of Real Property
a. Forcible Entry and Unlawful Detainer
i. Nature of the action/s
ii. Prescriptive Period
iii. Issues involved
iv. Cases
1. Peralta-Labrador vs. Bagarin (G.R. No.
165177, August 25, 2005)
2. Nuñez vs. SLTEAS (G.R. No. 180542, April 12,
2010)
3. Dela Cruz vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No.
139442, December 6, 2006)
 4. Ocampo vs. Dionisio (G.R. No. 191101,
October 1, 2014)
5. Suarez vs. Emboy (G.R. No. 187944, March
12, 2014)
b. Accion Publiciana and Accion Reivindicatoria
i. Prescriptive Period
ii. Issues involved
iii. Nature of the action
iv. Cases
1. Bokingo vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No.
161739, May 4, 2006)
2. Hilario vs. Salvador (G.R. No. 160384. April
29, 2005)
3. Urieta vs. Aguilar (G.R. No. 164402, July 05,
2010)
4. Bongato vs. Malvar (G.R. No. 141614. August
14, 2002)
5. Encarnacion vs. Amigo (G.R. No. 169793,
September 15, 2006) – FIRST DIVISION
6. Manlapaz vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No.
39430. December 3, 1990)
7. Valdez, Jr. vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No.
132424, May 2, 2006)
c. Action to Recover is based on Ownership
i. Caro vs. Sucaldito (G.R. No. 157536. May 16, 2005)
ii. PEZA vs. Fernandez (G.R. No. 138971. June 6, 2001)
iii. Gasataya vs. Mabasa (G.R. No. 148147, February 16,
2007
d. Other actions for Recovery of Possession
i. Injunction
1. Bokingo vs. Court of Appeals, supra.
2. Idolor vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 141853.
February 7, 2001)
3. Federated Realty Corporation vs. Court of
Appeals (G.R. No. 127967, December 14,
2005)
ii. Writ of Possession
1. Vencilao vs. Vano (G.R. No. L-25660, Feb. 23,
1990)
2. Jetri Construction Corp. vs. BPI (G.R. No.
171687. June 8, 2007)
3. A.G. Development Corp vs. Court of Appeals
(G.R. No. 111662. October 23, 1997)
4. Maglente vs. Baltazar-Padilla (G.R. No.
148182. March 7, 2007)
e. Real Action vs. Personal Action
f. Action in Personam vs. Action in Rem
g. Obligations of an Owner (Arts. 431-432)
h. Presumption of Ownership (Art. 433)
1. Nature
2. Requisites
3. Resort to Judicial Process
i. Action to Recover
1. Requisites (Art. 434)
i. Heirs of L. Vencilao Sr. vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 123713. April 1,
1998)
 ii. Heirs of Anastacio Fabela vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 142546.
August 9, 2001)
2. Evidence to Prove Ownership
3. Quantum of Proof
i. Republic vs. Carrasco (G.R. No. 143491. December 6, 2006.)
ii. Ramos-Balalio vs. Ramos (G.R. No. 168464. January 23, 2006)
iii. Spouses Azana vs. Lumbo (G.R. No. 157593. March 22, 2007)
iv. Fule vs. Legare (G.R. No. L-17951, February 28, 1963)
v. Rumarete vs. Hernandez (G.R. No. 168222. April 18, 2006)
j. Deprivation of Property by Competent Authority (Art. 435-436)
1. As an exercise of the power of Eminent Domain
i. Requisites
2. As an exercise of Police Power
k. Hidden Treasure (Art. 438-439)
II. RIGHT OF ACCESSION (ART. 440)
a. General Provisions
1. Definition
2. Accession vs. Accessory
3. Nature
4. Kinds of Accession
5. Right of Owner to the Fruits (Arts. 441-442, 444)
i. Kinds of Fruits
6. Obligation of Recipient of Fruits (Art. 443)
b. Right of Accession with Respect to Immovable Property
1. General Rule (Art. 445 and 446)
2. Basic Principles
3. Applicability of Art. 445 and 446
4. Rules where owner of land uses materials of another to build on his land
(Art. 447)
5. Rules where builder/sower/planter builds/sows/plants on a land not
belonging to him
i. Builder/Sower/Planter in Good Faith (Art. 448)
a. Good Faith
i. Rosales vs. Castelltort (G.R. No. 157044. October 5,
2005)
ii. JM Tuazon Co., Inc. vs. Vda de Lumanlan (G.R. No. L-
23497. April 26, 1968)
iii. Quevada vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 140798.
September 19, 2006)
iv. Macasaet vs. Macasaet (G.R. Nos. 154391-92.
September 30, 2004)
v. Mores vs. Yu-Go (G.R. No. 172292. July 23, 2010)
vi. Del Campo vs. Abesia (G.R. No. L-49219. April 15,
1988)
vii. Boyer-Roxas vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 100866.
July 14, 1992)
viii. Sarmiento vs. Agana (G.R. No. 57288. April 30, 1984)
b. Option Given to Landowner
i. Options
1. To appropriate improvement upon payment
of the required indemnity (Art. 546, 548,
448)
a. Liability of Builder to Account for
Fruits Received
2. To oblige the builder or planter to pay the
price of the land and the sower, to pay the
proper rent
 a. When this right cannot be exercised
b. Fixing of Price Remedies of
Landowner if Builder/Planter
Refuses to Pay
3. Reason for the Option
a. Ochoa vs. Apeta (G.R. No. 146259.
September 13, 2007)
c. Right of Landowner to Remove or Demolish Improvement
i. Rosales vs. Castelltort, supra.
ii. Depra vs. Dumlao (G.R. No. L-57348. May 16, 1985)
d. Builder’s/Sower’s/Planter’s Right to Retain Improvement
i. Nuguid vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 151815.
February 23, 2005)
ii. Builder/Planter/Sower in Bad Faith (Art. 449-452)
a. Instances of Bad Faith
i. Mindanao Academy, Inc. vs. Yap (G.R. No. L-17681.
February 26, 1965)
ii. Lumungo vs. Usman (G.R. No. L-25359. September
28, 1968)
iii. Santos vs. Mojica (G.R. No. L-25450. January 31,
1969)
b. Consequence for Bad Faith (Art. 449 and 450)
c. Rights of Builder/Planter/Sower in Bad Faith (Article 452)
i. Examples of necessary expenses for preservation of
land
ii. Right of Retention (Art. 546) Right to expenses of
production
d. Rights of Owner of the Land (Art. 450-451)
iii. Landowner and Builder/Planter/Sower are both in Bad Faith (Art.
453)
iv. Landowner is in Bad Faith, Builder/Planter/Sower in Good Faith (Art.
454)
v. Landowner, builder and owner of materials are different persons
(Art. 455)
vi. Good Faith and Negligence (Art. 456)
6. Alluvion (Art. 457)
i. Requisites
ii. Riparian Owner
iii. Cases:
a. Office of the City Mayor vs. Ebio (G.R. No. 178411. June 23,
2010)
b. Republic vs. Abrille (G.R. No. L-39248, May 7, 1976)
c. Grande vs. CA (G.R. No. L-17652, June 30, 1962)
d. Ignacio vs. Director of Lands (G.R. No. L-12958. May 30,
1960)
e. Heirs of Emiliano Navarro vs. IAC (G.R. No. 68166, Feb. 12,
1997)
iv. Ponds or Lagoons (Art. 458)
7. Avulsion (Art. 459)
i. Avulsion vs. Alluvion
ii. Requisites
iii. Removal
8. Change of Course of Rivers (Arts. 461-463)
9. Rule on Uprooted Trees (Art. 460)
10. Ownership of Islands (Art. 464-465)
c. Right of Accession with Respect to Movable Property
1. Adjunction
 i. Requisites
ii. Kinds
iii. Ownership
iv. Tests to Determine which is the Principal Thing
v. Separation of things united, when allowed Rules when there is bad
faith, Indemnity
2. Mixture
i. Kinds
ii. Rules
3. Specification
i. Rules
4. Sentimental Value
III. QUIETING OF TITLE (ART. 476-481)
a. Cloud on Title
1. Requisites
2. Instances
b. Action to Quiet Title
1. Meaning
i. Heirs of E. Diaz v. Virata (G.R. No. 162037. August 7, 2006)
2. Requisites
i. Calacala vs. Republic (G.R. No. 154415. July 28, 2005)
ii. Robles v. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 123509, March 14, 2000)
3. Suitor
i. Pingol vs. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 102909. September 6, 1993)
4. Nature of Action
5. Prescriptibility of Action
6. Title and Possession of Plaintiff
7. When Action to Quiet Title Allowed
8. Obligation of Plaintiff
IV. RUINOUS BUILDINGS AND TREES IN DANGER OF FALLING (ART. 482-483)