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Chapter2 - Example Exercise

This document contains 4 examples demonstrating the use of PL/SQL variables and procedures. The examples show: 1) Using bind and scalar variables to print values outside a block; 2) Displaying the current and 18-hour future timestamps to milliseconds; 3) Calculating a graduation month 1 year and 3 months in the future; 4) Retrieving an employee's first and last name using different variable types and a substitute variable for user input.

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Elisa
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37 views3 pages

Chapter2 - Example Exercise

This document contains 4 examples demonstrating the use of PL/SQL variables and procedures. The examples show: 1) Using bind and scalar variables to print values outside a block; 2) Displaying the current and 18-hour future timestamps to milliseconds; 3) Calculating a graduation month 1 year and 3 months in the future; 4) Retrieving an employee's first and last name using different variable types and a substitute variable for user input.

Uploaded by

Elisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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Chapter 2 Practice

1) This is the example how can you use both bind variables that you declare
BEFORE the block and regular scalar ones that you declare within the block.
You can print bind variables outside the block with the PRINT command.

VARIABLE basic_percent NUMBER


VARIABLE calc NUMBER

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
today DATE := SYSDATE;
tomorrow today%TYPE;
BEGIN
:basic_percent := 45
:calc := :basic_percent/3;

tomorrow := today +1;


DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' Hello World ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TODAY IS : '|| today);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TOMORROW IS : ' || tomorrow);
END;
/
PRINT basic_percent
PRINT calc

Hello World
TODAY IS : 14-SEP-09
TOMORROW IS : 15-SEP-09
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

BASIC_PERCENT
45

CALC
15

2) Let’s display the exact date and time of this moment and then the same in 18
hours. The scale for time components should be set to miliseconds.
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

DECLARE

v_datetime TIMESTAMP(3) := SYSTIMESTAMP;

v_tomorrow v_datetime%TYPE;

BEGIN

v_tomorrow := v_datetime + 18/24;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Right now is exactly ' || v_datetime || ' day and time');

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('In 18 hours will be exactly ' || v_tomorrow || ' day and


time');

END;

Right now is exactly 14-SEP-09 09.28.24.939 PM day and time


In 18 hours will be exactly 15-SEP-09 03.28.24.000 PM day and time
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

3) Lets’ find out when will be your approximate graduation month, assuming you
need exactly 1 year and 3 months more. Exclude fractions of seconds from the output
and use this Date Format for today  Sep 14, 2009

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

DECLARE

v_grad TIMESTAMP(0) ;

BEGIN

v_grad := TO_TIMESTAMP('Sep 14,2009','Mon dd, yyyy')

+ INTERVAL '1-3' YEAR TO MONTH;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('My graduation month is ' || v_grad) ;

END;

My graduation month is 14-DEC-10 12.00.00 AM


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
4) This example is using regular variable, %TYPE variable and substitute variable
for the column value that will be entered at the run-time.
Lets’ figure out the full name for employee with the Id 145.

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

SET VERIFY OFF -- this will turn off display of OLD and NEW values

DECLARE

v_fname VARCHAR2(20) ;

v_lname employees.last_name%TYPE ;

v_empid employees.employee_id%TYPE := &employee;

BEGIN

SELECT first_name, last_name INTO v_fname, v_lname

FROM employees

WHERE employee_id = v_empid;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(q'{Employee's name is }' || v_lname ||

', ' || v_fname);

END;

Enter value for employee: 145

Employee's name is Russell, John


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

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