Probability

Virtual Review (November 2020)

Fundamental Principle of Counting a. 1,602 c. 1,620

b. 1,206 d. 1,260
1. If a pair dice is thrown, how many outcomes are 11. How may distinct permutations can be made from
possible? the letters of the word “ENGINEERING”?
a. 6 c. 18 a. 277,200 c. 277,700
b. 12 d. 36 b. 227,200 d. 227,700
2. How many committees consisting of one boy and 12. There are 5 persons to be seated in a row of 5
one girl can be selected from a group of 3 boys chairs. If the two of them does not want to be
and 2 girls? seated together, in how many ways can they be
a. 5 c. 8 seated?
b. 6 d. 12 a. 84 c. 64
3. How many three-place numbers can be formed b. 72 d. 76
with the digits 1, 2, 3 and 5 if (a) each digit can be 13. In how many ways can 7 scientists be assigned to
used only once? (b) any digit can be repeated? one triple and two double hotel rooms?
a. 24,64 c. 32,64 a. 210 c. 230
b. 64,24 d. 64,32 b. 220 d. 240
4. From the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, how many 14. How many circular arrangements can be made
three-digit numbers can be formed if each digit from 10 objects all taken at a time?
can be used only once? a. 5,040 c. 362,880
a. 120 c. 108 b. 40,320 d. 3.628,800
b. 210 d. 180
5. From the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, how many Combination
three-digit odd numbers can be formed if each
digit can be used only once? Combination refers to a collection of objects without regard
a. 75 c. 120 to sequence or order of agreement.
b. 90 d. 105
6. From the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, how many 𝑛!
three-digit even numbers can be formed if each 𝑛𝐶𝑟 =
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟!
digit can be used only once?
a. 120 c. 90 15. How many number combinations can be made
b. 105 d. 75 from a lotto game 6/42?
7. From the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, how many a. 5,452,786 c. 5,254,786
three-digit numbers greater than 330 can be b. 5,425,786 d. 5,245,786
formed if each digit can be used only once? 16. From a group of professional consisting of 5
a. 75 c. 120 Engineers and 4 Architects, find the number of
b. 90 d. 105 committees that can be formed consisting of 5
professionals?
Permutation a. 162 c. 216
b. 126 d. 261
Permutation refers to the arrangement of objects in a definite 17. From a group of professional consisting of 5
order. Engineers and 4 Architects, find the number of
committees that can be formed consisting of 5
𝑛! professionals, 3 of which must be Engineers and 2
𝑛𝑃𝑟 =
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! Architect?
a. 48 c. 72
Classification: b. 60 d. 84
18. In how many ways can 5 cards be dealt from a
(A) All things are taken at a time - ATATAAT deck of 52 cards if the selection consists of 3 aces
and 2 kings?
(N) Not all things are taken at a time – NATATAAT a. 12 c. 18
b. 16 d. 24
(U) Unique 19. There are 12 persons attending a meeting. In how
many ways can 7 among them be seated on a row
of 7 seats?
(I) Identical
a. 3,991,680 c. 3,919,680
b. 3,991,860 d. 3,919,860
(L) Linear
20. There are 12 persons attending a meeting. In how
many ways can 7 among them be seated on
(C) Circular circular arrangements of 7 seats?
a. 570,042 c. 570,240
Cases of Permutation: b. 570,024 d. 570,420
21. In a 10-pin bowling, how many ways in knocking
i. LAU: nPn = n! down the pins will there be if one ball throw is
𝑛!
ii. LAI: made?
𝑟1!𝑟2!𝑟3!
iii. LNU: nPr a. 1 c. 1,024
iv. LNI: n1Cr1 x n2Cr2 b. 3,628,800 d. 1,023
𝑛!
v. CAU: (n-1)! =
(𝑛−1)!
𝑛 Probability
vi. CAI:
𝑟1!𝑟2!𝑟3!
vii. CNU: 𝑛𝐶𝑟 𝑥
𝑟! Single Event
𝑟
viii. CNI: case by case depending on the number 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
of identical things 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
8. In how many ways can 8 persons be seated in a
row of 8 chairs? Dependent and Independent Events
a. 40,230 c. 40,320
b. 362,808 d. 362,880 Two or more events are said to be dependent if the
9. In how many ways can 5 persons be seated in a happening of one affects the probability of the happening of
row of 9 chairs? the others, and independent if the happening of one does
a. 3,024 c. 6,720 not affect the probability of the happening of the others.
b. 15,120 d. 60,480
10. How many different ways can 3 blue, 2 red, and 4
yellow bulbs be arranged in a string of Christmas
tree lights with nine sockets?

Japheth A. Jancorda, CE, ME-I

 Probability
Virtual Review (November 2020)

The probability of happening of two or more independent or 26. In a deck of 52 cards, find the probability of getting
dependent events is the product of their individual an ace or a heart if one card is picked at random?
probabilities. a. 1/13 c. 2/13
b. 3/13 d. 4/13
𝑃 = 𝑃1 𝑥𝑃2 𝑥𝑃3 … 27. On a TV quiz show, a contestant is asked to pick
an integer at random from the first 100
Mutually Exclusive Events consecutive positive integers, that is, the integers
from 1 to 100. If the number picked is divisible by
Two or more events are said to be Mutually Exclusive if it is 9 or 12, the contestant will win a free trip to
impossible for more than one of them to happen in a single Boracay. What is the probability that the
trial. The probability that some one, two or more mutually contestant will win the trip?
exclusive events to happen is the sum of their individual a. 11/100 c. 13/100
probabilities. b. 17/100 d. 19/100
28. The politicians filed the certificate of candidacies
𝑃 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 + ⋯ to run for town mayor in Baguio. A survey is taken
a month before the election asking 400 registered
votes which candidate they will vote for in the
Repeated Trials
elections. The result of the survey are as follows:
Candidates No. of votes garnered
The probability that an event can occur exactly r times in n A 150
trials is: B 130
C 120
𝑃(𝑛,𝑟) = 𝑛𝐶𝑟 𝑝𝑟 𝑞𝑛−𝑟 What is the probability that a voter will vote for A
during the election?
Where p is the probability that the event can happen and q is a. 0.300 c. 0.350
the probability that the event will fail. b. 0.375 d. 0.325
29. A dart target consists of three concentric circles
The ‘At Least One’ Condition with different radii 1, 3 and 5 units. If a dark
thrower always hits within the circle of 5 unit radius
The probability that the event can happen at least once in a but hit the area randomly, what is the probability
trial is: that a dart hits the area between the 1 unit radius
circle and 3 unit radius circle?
𝑃 =1−𝑄 a. 11/25 c. 3/5
b. 9/25 d. 8/25
Where Q is the probability that the event will totally fail. 30. A box contains 6 white balls and 4 black balls. If 2
balls are drawn in succession. What is the
Poisson Distribution probability that both are black if the first ball is not
replaced before the second is drawn?
Poisson Formula. Suppose we conduct a Poisson a. 2/5 c. 2/15
experiment, in which the average number of successes b. 1/5 d. 1/15
within a given region is μ. Then, the Poisson probability is: 31. A box contains 8 green, 9 red, and 12 white balls.
If 15 balls are picked at random without
𝑒 −μ μ𝑥 replacement, what is the probability of picking 3
𝑃= green, 8 red, and 4 white balls?
𝑥! a. 0.00332 c. 0.00352
b. 0.00322 d. 0.00342
Where: x is the actual number of successes that result from 32. A box contains 3 green, 4 red, and 5 white balls. If
the experiment, and e is approximately equal to 2.71828. 2 balls are picked at random without replacement,
what is the probability that both are the same
Multinomial Distribution color?
a. 19/66 c. 29/66
Multinomial Formula. Suppose a multinomial experiment b. 23/66 d. 31/66
consists of n trials, and each trial can result in any of k 33. A box contains 3 green, 4 red, and 5 white balls. If
possible outcomes: E1, E2, . . . , Ek. 2 balls are picked at random without replacement,
what is the probability that both are of different
Suppose, further, that each possible outcome can occur with colors?
probabilities p1, p2, . . . , pk. Then, the probability (P) that E1 a. 37/66 c. 47/66
occurs n1 times, E2 occurs n2 times, . . . , and Ek occurs nk b. 43/66 d. 35/66
times is: 34. A classroom contains 71 students. 10 of them are
Chinese, 24 are Japanese, and 37 Filipinos. If 3 of
𝑛! students are randomly asked to get out of the
𝑃=[ ] (𝑃𝑛1 1 ∗ 𝑃 𝑛2 2 ∗ 𝑃𝑛3 3 )
(𝑛1 ! 𝑛2 ! 𝑛𝑘 !) room, one after the other. What is the probability
that all 3 students are Chinese?
Where n = n1 + n2 + . . . + nk. a. 0.0021 c. 0.0029
b. 0.0028 d. 0.0019
35. A classroom contains 71 students. 10 of them are
Chinese, 24 are Japanese, and 37 Filipinos. If 3 of
22. A jar of candies contains 4 mints, 6 toffees and 3 students are randomly asked to get out of the
chocolates. Find the probability of getting a mint if room, one after the other. What is the probability
one candy is picked at random? that all 3 students are Japanese?
a. 6/13 c. 10/13 a. 0.0354 c. 0.0406
b. 4/13 d. 3/13 b. 0.0486 d. 0.0319
23. Find the probability of getting a face card if a card 36. A classroom contains 71 students. 10 of them are
is picked at random from a deck of 52 cards? Chinese, 24 are Japanese, and 37 Filipinos. If 3 of
a. 3/13 c. 5/13 students are randomly asked to get out of the
b. 4/13 d. 7/13 room, one after the other. What is the probability
24. In a deck of 52 cards, find the probability of getting that all 3 students are Filipinos?
an ace or a king if one card is picked at random? a. 0.1224 c. 0.1415
a. 2/13 c. 3/13 b. 0.1359 d. 0.1486
b. 4/13 d. 5/13 37. A box contains 100 washers, 24 which are brass,
25. If a pair of dice is tossed, what is the probability of 36 coppers, and the remainder steel. One washer
getting a total of 6 or 12? is taken at random, retained, and a second washer
a. 2/3 c. 1/3 similarly drawn. Determine the probability that both
b. 5/6 d. 1/6 washers are steel.
a. 0.1480 c. 0.1600
b. 0.1576 d. 0.8000

Japheth A. Jancorda, CE, ME-I

 Probability
Virtual Review (November 2020)

38. A box contains 100 washers, 24 which are brass, 52. A production line estimates that 1.5% of the items
36 coppers, and the remainder steel. One washer if produces is defective. In a package containing
is taken at random, retained, and a second washer 200 items. Find the probability that two items are
similarly drawn. Find the probability that the first in defective.
brass and the second in copper. a. 0.4215 c. 0.3528
a. 0.1296 c. 0.0873 b. 0.2248 d. 0.0487
b. 0.0864 d. 0.6000 53. A production line estimates that 1.5% of the items
39. A box contains 100 washers, 24 which are brass, if produces is defective. In a package containing
36 coppers, and the remainder steel. One washer 200 items. Calculate the probability that more than
is taken at random, retained, and a second washer three times are defective.
similarly drawn. Calculate the probability that the a. 0.0487 c. 0.4215
one is brass and one is steel. b. 0.3528 d. 0.2246
a. 0.1920 c. 0.1910 54. A sawing machine in a shop in Baguio breaks
b. 0.1857 d. 0.1939 down an average of three times per month. Using
40. If a pair of dice is thrown, what is the probability of the Poisson probability distribution formula. Solve
getting 2 aces in a single throw? the probability that during the next month this
a. 1/18 c. 1/36 machine will have exactly two breakdowns.
b. 1/12 d. 1/9 a. 0.224 c. 0.199
41. A box contains 6 white balls and 4 black balls. If b. 0.577 d. 0.423
the 2 balls are drawn in succession, what is the 55. A sawing machine in a shop in Baguio breaks
probability that both are black if the first ball is down an average of three times per month. Using
replaced before the second is drawn? the Poisson probability distribution formula.
a. 1/25 c. 2/25 Compute the probability that during the next month
b. 3/25 d. 4/25 this machine will have at most one breakdown.
42. Three Indians were practicing to hit a target. Their a. 0.224 c. 0.199
individual probabilities to hit a target are b. 0.577 d. 0.423
respectively 1/6, 1/4, and 1/3. If only one hit the 56. A sawing machine in a shop in Baguio breaks
target, what is the probability that it was the first down an average of three times per month. Using
Indian? the Poisson probability distribution formula.
a. 6/31 c. 31/72 Determine the probability that during the next
b. 31/60 d. 3/28 month this machine will have at least three
43. The probability of Juan in shooting a ball is 35%. If breakdowns.
he is given 10 shots, determine his probability of a. 0.224 c. 0.199
shooting exactly 6 balls. b. 0.577 d. 0.423
a. 0.0869 c. 0.0896 57. Three marksmen simultaneously shoot and hit a
b. 0.0698 d. 0.0689 rapidly spinning spherical target. What is the
44. Each question in a multiple choice type of exam probability that three points of impact lie on the
contains 4 possible answers. The professor gave same hemisphere?
a short exam of 10 questions. In order to pass the a. 0 c. 1
exam, a student must obtain a grade of 70% or b. 1/2 d. 2/3
higher. Find the probability of a student in passing 58. What is the probability of getting 53 Mondays in a
the exam if he relies on guessing. leap year?
a. 0.0024 c. 0.0042 a. 3/8 c. 2/7
b. 0.0035 d. 0.0053 b. 1/5 d. 4/9
45. In a family of 5 children, what is the chance that
there are 3 boys and 2 girls?
a. 0.46 c. 0.52
b. 0.38 d. 0.31
46. A basketball player averages 65% in a free-throw
line. Find the probability that he misses one of the
two free throws?
a. 0.64 c. 0.34
b. 0.58 d. 0.46
47. A restaurant has three kinds of toys and is giving
one toy for each purchase of a kiddie meal. Find
the probability of getting the three toys in five
purchases.
a. 0.70 c. 0.62
b. 0.58 d. 0.66
48. The probability of event A happening is 3/5 and
the probability of event B happening is 2/3.
Determine the probability that both events will
happen.
a. 1/5 c. 4/15
b. 2/5 d. 2/15
49. The probability of event A happening is 3/5 and
the probability of event B happening is 2/3.Find
the probability the only event A will happen.
a. 1/5 c. 2/5
b. 2/15 d. 4/15
50. The probability of event A happening is 3/5 and
the probability of event B happening is 2/3.
Calculate the probability that either A or B will
happen.
a. 8/15 c. 7/15
b. 4/15 d. 11/15
51. A production line estimates that 1.5% of the items
if produces is defective. In a package containing
200 items. Determine the probability that no item
is defective.
a. 0.3528 c. 0.0487
b. 0.2246 d. 0.4215

Japheth A. Jancorda, CE, ME-I