PYTHON PROGRAMMING

(PYTHON 3.X using Jupyter Notebook)

String and Lists

DSC551 – PROGRAMMING FOR DATA SCIENCE

Pn Marhainis Jamaludin
Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences
Introduction
These data types share most of the same syntax and
functionality:
• Tuple
• Simple immutable ordered sequence of items.
• Items can be of mixed types.
• Strings
• Immutable
• Conceptually similar to tuple
• Lists
• Mutable ordered sequence of items of mixed types.
In Python, everything is an object. All objects created in Python can either be
mutable or immutable
• Tuple is defined by using parentheses () and commas
• Example:
>>>tp = (23, ‘abc’, 4.56, (2,3), ‘def’)

• List is defined by using square bracket [] and commas

• Example:
>>>li = [23, ‘abc’, 4.56, [2,3], ‘def’)

• Strings are defined using quotes (“, ‘, OR “””)

• Example:
>>>st = “Hello World”
>>>st = ‘Hello World’
>>>st = “””This is multi-line strings””” #block quotes
 How to access the individual item?
• The item in tuple, list or string can be accessed
individually by using the index, which is always starts
at 0.
• Index can be positive (+) or negative (-)
• Positive(+) index reads data from left starting from 0
• Negative(-) index reads data from right, starting from
-1
• Example:
Slicing
• Returns the subset of the members.
• Starts 1st index and stop before the 2nd index
• Example:
>>>t = [23, ‘abc’, 4.56, [2,3], ‘def’]
>>>t[1:4]
[‘abc’, 4.56, [2,3])
>>>t[1: -1]
[‘abc’, 4.56, [2,3]]
>>>t[:2] #missing 1st index will starts from 0
[23, ‘abc’]
>>>t[2:] #missing 2nd index, end of container
[4.56, [2,3], ‘def’]
>>>t[:] #missing 1st and 2nd index, list the whole container
[23, ‘abc’, 4.56, [2,3], ‘def’]
Memory Representation
Example:
>>>a = [1,2,3]
a

>>>b = a #2 names refer to 1 object, changes made to one will affect both

>>>b = a[:] #2 different copies will be created and 2 references

a

b
IN operator
Membership operator. Returns True if the first operand
contains within the second operand, otherwise False.
Example:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> 3 in a
True
>>> 3 not in a
False
>>> s = ‘abcde’
>>> ‘c’ in s
True
>>> ‘ac’ in s
False
+ operator
• Concatenation operator to produce a new list
• Example:
>>>[1,2,3] + [7,8]
[1,2,3,7,8]

>>> s = ‘CS’
>>> y = ‘241’
>>>s + y
‘CS241’
>>>print (‘Good Luck’ + ‘!!!!’)
Good Luck!!!
* operator
• Create new list that replicates the original list.
• Example:
>>> [1,2,3] * 3
[1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3]
>>> ‘x’ * 3
‘xxx’
STRING
Various String Operators
OPERATOR DESCIPTION EXAMPLE

[] Slice x = “abcdef’
it gives the characters from the given index print (x[1])
-> b
[:] Range slice x = “abcdef”
it gives the characters from the given range print (x[1:3])
-> bc
in Membership x = “abcdef”
Returns true if a letter exist in a given string ‘c’ in x
-> True
not in Membership x = “abcdef”
Returns true if a letter does not exist in the given string ‘n’ not in x
-> True
% Used for string format x = “abcdef”
It inserts the canonical string representation of the object print(“it is %s” %x)
-> it is abcdef
+ Concatenates 2 strings x = ‘abc’
y = ‘stu’
print (x + y)
-> abcstu
* Repeat x = ‘abc’
print (x *2)
-> abcabc
String Functions
• Some of the common functions which can be used to manipulate string data.
Function Description Example

capitalize() Converts the 1st character to upper case x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
x.capitalize()
-> Dsc551 is programming for data science
title() Capitalize the first letter of each word in a string x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
x.title()
->Dsc551 Is Programming For Data Science

You can also use the string package capwords(), import string
but need to import the string package string.capwords(x)
->Dsc551 Is Programming For Data Science

upper() Converts string to upper case x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
x.upper()
->DSC551 IS PROGRAMMING FOR DATA SCIENCE

lower() Converts string to lower case x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
x.lower()
->dsc551 is programming for data science
count() Returns the number of times a specified value x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
occurs in a string x.count(‘m’)
->2
 Function Description Example
index() Searches a string for a specified value and returns x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
the position of where it was found. x.index(‘m’)
->16

isdigit() Returns True if the string are digits or numeric y="12345“

isnumeric() y.isdigit()
->True

y.isnumeric()
->True
islower() Returns True fi the string are lower case x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
x.islower()
->True
isalpha() Returns True if the string are alphabet x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
x.isalpha()
->False
len() Returns the length of the string x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
print (len(x))
This function is not a string object. ->38
strip() Returns a trimmed version of the string. Strip the x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
1st letter of a string, if true x.strip(‘d’)
->sc551 is programming for data science

x.strip(‘c’)
->dsc551 is programming for data science
 Function Description Example

replace() Returns a string where specified value x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
is replaced with a specified value x.replace(‘m’, ‘@’)
->dsc551 is progra@@ing for data science

x.replace(‘programming’, ‘aturcara’)
->dsc551 is aturcara for data science
find() Searches a string for a specified value x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
and returns the position of where it x.find(‘g’)
was found ->13

x.find(‘m’)
->16

x.find(‘for’)
->22
split() Splits the string at the specified x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
separator/delimiter and returns a list x.split(‘ ‘)
->['dsc551', 'is', 'programming', 'for', 'data', 'science’]

join() Joins the string at the specified x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
separator and returns a list. Much ' and '.join(x)
flexible to do concatenation of strings ->d and s and c and 5 and 5 and 1 and and i and s and and p and
where you can add any characters in r and o and g and r and a and m and m and i and n and g and
the string and f and o and r and and d and a and t and a and and s and c
and i and e and n and c and e
 Function Description Example
reversed() Returns the reversed of the string x = "dsc551 is programming for data science“
''.join(reversed(x))
->ecneics atad rof gnimmargorp si 155csd

z = "abcdef“
list(reversed(z))
->['f', 'e', 'd', 'c', 'b', 'a']

Example:
i =x.find('for’)
w = x[:i] + "language”
print(w)

-> dsc551 is programming language

Example:
b = x.split(' ‘)
print(b)
-> ['dsc551', 'is', 'programming', 'for', 'data', 'science’]

' and '.join(b)

->dsc551 and is and programming and for and data and science
References
• https://realpython.com/python-strings/
• https://www.guru99.com/learning-python-strings-
replace-join-split-reverse.html
• https://medium.com/@meghamohan/mutable-
and-immutable-side-of-python-c2145cf72747