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Establishing JDBC Connection in Java

This document discusses establishing a JDBC connection between a Java program and a database. It explains that JDBC provides an interface between Java and databases to allow transferring of data. It outlines the key steps to set up a connection, which include: 1) loading the appropriate driver, 2) creating a connection, 3) creating a statement, 4) executing queries, and 5) closing the connection. An example Java program is also provided to demonstrate inserting data into a database table using JDBC.

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RASHMI DABRE
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99 views4 pages

Establishing JDBC Connection in Java

This document discusses establishing a JDBC connection between a Java program and a database. It explains that JDBC provides an interface between Java and databases to allow transferring of data. It outlines the key steps to set up a connection, which include: 1) loading the appropriate driver, 2) creating a connection, 3) creating a statement, 4) executing queries, and 5) closing the connection. An example Java program is also provided to demonstrate inserting data into a database table using JDBC.

Uploaded by

RASHMI DABRE
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Establishing JDBC Connection in Java

Before establishing a connection between front end i.e your Java Program and back
end i.e the database we should learn what precisely a JDBC is and why it came to
existence.
What is JDBC ?
JDBC is an acronym for Java Database Connectivity. It’s an advancement for ODBC
( Open Database Connectivity ). JDBC is an standard API specification developed in
order to move data from frontend to backend. This API consists of classes and
interfaces written in Java. It basically acts as an interface (not the one we use in
Java) or channel between your Java program and databases i.e it establishes a link
between the two so that a programmer could send data from Java code and store it
in the database for future use.
Why JDBC came into existence ?
As previously told JDBC is an advancement for ODBC, ODBC being platform
dependent had a lot of drawbacks. ODBC API was written in C,C++, Python, Core
Java and as we know above languages (except Java and some part of Python )are
platform dependent . Therefore to remove dependence, JDBC was developed by
database vendor which consisted of classes and interfaces written in Java.

Steps for connectivity between Java program and database


1. Loading the Driver
To begin with, you first need load the driver or register it before using it in the
program . Registration is to be done once in your program. You can register a driver
in one of two ways mentioned below :
 Class.forName() : Here we load the driver’s class file into memory at the
runtime. No need of using new or creation of object .The following example
uses Class.forName() to load the Oracle driver –
Class.forName(“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver”);
  DriverManager.registerDriver(): DriverManager is a Java inbuilt class with a
static member register. Here we call the constructor of the driver class at
compile time . The following example uses DriverManager.registerDriver()to
register the Oracle driver –
DriverManager.registerDriver(new
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver())
2. Create the connections
After loading the driver, establish connections using :

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password)


user – username from which your sql command prompt can be accessed.
password – password from which your sql command prompt can be accessed.
con: is a reference to Connection interface.
url : Uniform Resource Locator. It can be created as follows:
String url = “ jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe”
Where oracle is the database used, thin is the driver used , @localhost is the IP
Address where database is stored, 1521 is the port number and xe is the service
provider. All 3 parameters above are of String type and are to be declared by
programmer before calling the function. Use of this can be referred from final code.
3. Create a statement
Once a connection is established you can interact with the database. The
JDBCStatement, CallableStatement, and PreparedStatement interfaces define the
methods that enable you to send SQL commands and receive data from your
database.
Use of JDBC Statement is as follows:
Statement st = con.createStatement();
Here, con is a reference to Connection interface used in previous step .
4. Execute the query
Now comes the most important part i.e executing the query. Query here is an SQL
Query . Now we know we can have multiple types of queries. Some of them are as
follows:
 Query for updating / inserting table in a database.
 Query for retrieving data .
The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries of
retrieving values from the database. This method returns the object of ResultSet that
can be used to get all the records of a table.
The executeUpdate(sql query) method ofStatement interface is used to execute
queries of updating/inserting .
Example:

int m = st.executeUpdate(sql);
if (m==1)
System.out.println("inserted successfully : "+sql);
else
System.out.println("insertion failed");
Here sql is sql query of the type String
5.Close the connections
So finally we have sent the data to the specified location and now we are at the
verge of completion of our task .
By closing connection, objects of Statement and ResultSet will be closed
automatically. The close() method of Connection interface is used to close the
connection.
Example :
con.close();
Implementation
importjava.sql.*;
importjava.util.*;
class Main
{
    public static void main(String a[])
    {
        //Creating the connection
        String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe";
        String user = "system";
        String pass = "12345";
  
        //Entering the data
        Scanner k = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("enter name");
        String name = k.next();
        System.out.println("enter roll no");
        int roll = k.nextInt();
        System.out.println("enter class");
        String cls =  k.next();
  
        //Inserting data using SQL query
        String sql = "insert into student1 values('"+name+"',"+roll+",'"+cls+"')";
        Connection con=null;
        try
        {
            DriverManager.registerDriver(new oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver());
  
            //Reference to connection interface
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pass);
  
            Statement st = con.createStatement();
            int m = st.executeUpdate(sql);
            if (m == 1)
                System.out.println("inserted successfully : "+sql);
            else
                System.out.println("insertion failed");
            con.close();
        }
        catch(Exception ex)
        {
            System.err.println(ex);
        }
    }
}

Output –
 
 

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