Chapter 02 - Basic Financial Statements

Chapter 02 - Basic Financial Statements
Chapter 02
Basic Financial Statements

True / False Questions

1. A business entity is regarded as separate from the personal activities of its owners whether
it is a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation.
True False
2. Assets need not always have physical characteristics such as buildings, machinery or
inventory.
True False
3. The going concern principle assumes that the business will continue indefinitely.
True False
4. Notes payable and accounts payable are written promises to pay an amount owed by a
certain date. Notes payable generally have interest but accounts payable generally do not.
True False
5. A profit results from having more revenues than liabilities.

True False
6. The sale of additional shares of share capital will cause treasury shares to increase.
True False
7. Articulation between the financial statements means that they relate closely to each other.
True False
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8. Limited liability means that owners of a business are only liable for the debts of the
business up to the amounts they can afford.
True False
9. In a business organized as a corporation, it is not necessary to list the equity of each
shareholder on the balance sheet.
True False
10. Total assets always equal total liabilities plus total equity.

True False
11. A cash flow statement reports revenue and expense activities for a specific time period
such as one month or one year.
True False
12. Any business event that might affect the future profitability of a business should be
reported in its balance sheet.
True False
13. Total assets plus total liabilities equals total equity.

True False
14. The practice of showing assets on the balance sheet at their cost rather than at their current
market value is explained in part by the fact that cost is supported by objective evidence that
can be verified by independent experts.
True False
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15. The recognition principle states that the activities of an entity should be kept separate
from those of its owner.
True False
16. The entity principle states that the affairs of the owners are not part of the financial
operations of a business entity and should be separated.
True False
17. The accounting equation may be stated as "assets minus liabilities equals equity."
True False
18. A transaction that causes an increase in an asset may also cause a decrease in another
asset, an increase in a liability, or an increase in equity.
True False
19. The collection of an account receivable will cause total assets to decrease.

True False
20. The payment of a liability causes an increase in equity.

True False
21. When a business borrows money from a bank, the immediate effect is an increase in total
assets and a decrease in liabilities or equity.
True False
22. The purchase of an asset such as office equipment, for cash will cause equity to decrease.
True False
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23. The owner of a sole proprietorship is personally liable for the debts of the business,
whereas the shareholders of a corporation are not personally liable for the debts of the
business.
True False
24. If a company purchases equipment for cash, its total assets will increase.
True False
25. If a company purchases equipment by issuing a note payable, its total assets will not
change.
True False
26. It is not unusual for an entity to report a significant increase in cash from operating
activities, but a decrease in the total amount of cash.
True False
27. The cash flow statement provides a link between two balance sheets by showing how
profit (or loss) has changed equity from one balance sheet date to the next.
True False
28. According to Sarbanes-Oxley, internal controls must be audited by the same accounting

firm that audits the financial statements.
True False
29. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board was created by the American Institute
of CPAs to oversee the public accounting profession.
True False
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30. The major outgrowth from business failures and allegations of fraudulent financial
reporting during the 1990's was the passage of the Securities and Exchange Act.
True False

Multiple Choice Questions

31. Which of the following best describes liquidity?

A. The ability to increase the value of retained earnings
B. The ability to pay the debts of the company as they become due.
C. Being able to buy everything the company requires for cash.
D. Purchasing everything the company requires on credit.
32. Profitability may be defined as:

A. The ability to pay the debts of the company as they fall due.
B. The ability to increase retained earnings.
C. Distributing dividends
D. Having excess cash
33. The principle of adequate disclosure means that a company should disclose:

A. Only the important monetary information.
B. All confidential information regarding the company.
C. Any financial facts that a reasonable informed person would consider necessary for the
proper interpretation of the financial statements.
D. Only subsequent events.
34. Blue Wholesale Shirt Co. sold shirts to Pink Retail Shoppe. The owner of Pink Retail said
she would pay Blue at a later date which Blue Wholesale Shirt Co. agreed to. Blue Wholesale
Shirt Co. is considered to be a:
A. borrower
B. liability
C. creditor
D. debtor
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35. Equity in a business increases as a result of which of the following?

A. Payments of cash to the owners.
B. Losses from unprofitable operation of the business.
C. Earnings from profitable operation of the business.
D. Borrowing from a commercial bank.
36. Equity in a business decreases as a result of which of the following?

A. Investments of cash by the owners.
B. Profits from operating the business.
C. Losses from unprofitable operation of the business
D. Repaying a loan to a commercial bank
37. Which one of the following is not considered one of the three primary financial
statements?
A. Balance sheet.
B. Income statement.
C. Statement of cash flows.
D. Statement of budgeting activities.
38. Which of the following is the primary objective of financial statements?

A. Providing managers with detailed information tailored to the managers' specific
information needs.
B. Providing people outside the business organization with information about the company's
financial position and operating results.
C. Reporting to the tax authority the company's taxable income.
D. Indicating to investors in a particular company the current market values of their
investments.
39. Which of the following is descriptive of the proper form of a balance sheet?

A. The heading sets forth the period of time covered.
B. Cash is always the first asset listed, followed by permanent assets (such as land and
buildings), and finally by assets such as receivables and supplies.
C. Liabilities are listed before equity.
D. A subtotal for total assets plus total liabilities is shown.
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40. A balance sheet is designed to show:

A. How much a business is worth.
B. The profitability of the business during the current year.
C. The assets, liabilities, and equity of a business as of a particular date.
D. The cost of replacing the assets and of paying off the liabilities at December 31.
41. The way in which financial statements relate is known as:

A. Solvency.
B. Objectivity.
C. Articulation.
D. Entity.
42. If total assets equal $270,000 and total liabilities equal $202,500, the total equity must
equal:
A. $472,500.
B. $67,500.
C. Can not be determined from the information given.
D. Some other amount.
43. Which of the following best defines an asset?

A. Something with physical form that is valued at cost in the accounting records.
B. An economic resource owned by a business and expected to benefit future operations.
C. An economic resource representing cash or the right to receive cash in the near future.
D. Something owned by a business that has a ready market value.
44. To appear in a balance sheet of a business entity, an asset need not:

A. Be an economic resource.
B. Have a ready market value.
C. Be expected to benefit future operations.
D. Be owned by the business.
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45. If total assets equal $345,000 and total equity equal $120,000, then total liabilities must
equal:
A. $465,000.
B. $225,000.
46. A balance sheet:

A. Provides owners, investors, and other interested parties with all the financial information
they need to evaluate the financial strength, profitability, and future prospects of a given
business entity.
B. Shows the current market value of the equity in the business at the balance sheet date.
C. Assists creditors in evaluating the debt-paying ability of a business by showing the assets
and liabilities of the business combined with those of its owner (or owners).
D. Shows the assets, liabilities, and equity of a business entity, valued in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles.
47. Which of the following is correct f a company purchases equipment for $70,000 cash?
A. Total assets will increase by $70,000.
B. Total assets will decrease by $70,000.
C. Total assets will remain the same.
D. The company's total equity will decrease.
48. From an accounting viewpoint, when is a business considered an entity separate from its
owner(s)?
A. Only when organized as a sole proprietorship.
B. Only when organized as a partnership.
C. Only when organized as a corporation.
D. In each of the above situations, the business is an accounting entity separate from the
activities of the owner(s).
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49. If a company purchases equipment for $65,000 by issuing a note payable:

50. The valuation of assets in the balance sheet is based primarily upon:

A. What it would cost to replace the assets.
B. Cost, because cost is usually factual and verifiable.
C. Current fair market value as established by independent appraisers.
D. Cost, because in the event of liquidation, the assets would be sold at an amount equal to
their original cost.
51. Which of the following is not a generally accepted accounting principle relating to the
valuation of assets?
A. The cost principle - in general, assets are valued at cost, rather than at estimated market
values.
B. The objectivity principle - accountants prefer to use objective, rather than subjective,
information as the basis for accounting information.
C. The safety principle - assets are valued at no more than the value for which they are
insured.
D. The going-concern assumption - one reason for valuing assets such as buildings and
equipment at cost rather than at their current market values is the assumption that the business
will use these assets rather than sell them.
52. Each year the accountant for Southern Real Estate Company adjusts the recorded value of
each asset to its market value. Using these market value figures on the balance sheet violates:
A. The accounting equation.
B. The stable-dollar assumption.
C. The business entity concept.
D. The cost principle.
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53. The owner of Westhampton Fish Eatery purchased a new car for his daughter who is away
at college at a cost of $43,000 and reported this amount as Delivery Vehicle in the restaurant's
balance sheet. The reporting of this item in this manner violated the:
A. Cost principle.
B. Business entity concept
C. Objectivity principle.
D. Going-concern assumption.
54. Which of the following is correct when a company uses cash to pay for an expense?
A. Total assets will decrease.
B. Retained earnings will decrease.
C. Equity will decrease.
D. All three of the above statements are correct.
55. If cash flows from operating activities is a negative amount:

A. The company must have a loss for the year.
B. The company must have a profit for the year.
C. The company must have paid off more debts than it earned during the year.
D. The company may have profit or a loss for the year.
56. Eton Corporation purchased land in 1990 for $190,000. In 2008, it purchased a nearly
identical parcel of land for $430,000. In its 2008 balance sheet, Eton valued these two parcels
of land at a combined value of $860,000. Reporting the land in this manner violated the:
A. Cost principle.
B. Principle of the business entity.
D. Going-concern assumption
57. Bob Bertolucci, owner of Bob's Bazaar, also owns a personal residence that cost
$575,000, but has a market value of $725,000. During preparation of the financial statements
for Bob's Bazaar, the accounting principle most relevant to the presentation of Bob's home is:
A. The concept of the business entity.
B. The cost principle.
C. The going-concern assumption.
D. The objectivity principle.
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58. Which of the following will not cause a change in the equity of a business?
A. Payment of an interest free business debt.
B. Withdrawal of cash by the owner.
C. Sale of land at a profit.
D. Losses from unprofitable operations.
59. Which business organization is recognized as a separate legal entity under the law?
A. Corporation.
B. Sole proprietorship.
C. Partnership.
D. All three.
60. The amount of equity in a business is not affected by:

A. The percentage of total assets held in cash.
B. Investments made in the business by the owner.
C. The profitability of the business.
D. The amount of dividends paid to shareholders.
61. Decreases in equity are caused by:

A. Purchases of assets and payment of liabilities.
B. Purchases of assets and incurrence of liabilities.
C. Payment of liabilities and unprofitable operations.
D. Distributions of assets to the owner and unprofitable operations.
62. Which of the following transactions would cause a change in equity?

A. Repayment of the principal on a bank loan.
B. Purchase of a delivery truck on credit.
C. Sale of land on credit for a price above cost.
D. Borrowing money from a bank.
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63. An expense is best defined as:

A. Any payment of cash for the benefit of the company.
B. Past, present or future payments of cash required to generate revenues.
C. Past payments of cash required to generate revenues.
D. Future payments of cash required to generate revenues.
64. If a transaction causes an asset account to decrease, which of the following related effects
may occur?
A. An increase of equal amount in an equity account.
B. An increase in a liability account.
C. An increase of equal amount in another asset account.
D. An increase in the combined total of liabilities and equity.
65. The payment of a business debt not including interest:

A. Decreases total assets.
B. Increases total liabilities.
C. Increases the equity in the business.
D. Decreases the equity in the business.
66. The accounting principle that assumes that a company will operate in the foreseeable
future is:
A. Going concern.
B. Objectivity.
C. Liquidity.
D. Disclosure.
67. Deerpark Corporation recently borrowed $70,000 cash from its bank. Which of the
following was unaffected by this transaction?
A. Assets.
B. Liabilities.
C. Equity.
D. Cash.
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68. Which of the following transactions would cause an increase in both assets and equity?
A. Investment of cash in the business by the owner.
B. Sale of land for a price less than its cost.
C. Borrowing money from a bank.
D. Sale of land for cash at a price equal to its cost.
69. A transaction caused an increase in both assets and equity. This transaction could have
been:
A. A sale of service to a customer producing revenue.
70. Retained earnings is:

A. The positive cash flows of a company.
B. Net worth of a company.
C. The equity that has accumulated as a result of profitable operations.
D. Equal to the total assets of a company.
71. A revenue transaction results in all of the following except:

A. An increase in assets.
B. An increase in equity.
C. A positive cash flow in either the past, present, or future.
D. An increase in liabilities.
72. If a company has a profit:

A. Assets will be equal to liabilities plus equity.
B. Assets will be less than liabilities plus equity.
C. Assets will be greater than liabilities plus equity.
D. Equity will be greater than its assets.
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73. Which of the following activities is not a category into which cash flows are classified?
A. Marketing activities.
B. Operating activities.
C. Financing activities.
D. Investing activities.
74. The change in equity from one balance sheet to the next is partially explained by the:
A. Statement of cash flows.
B. Statement of financial position.
C. Income statement.
D. Tax return.
75. Share capital represents:

A. The amount invested in the business by shareholders when shares were initially issued by a
corporation.
B. The equity for a business organized as a corporation.
C. The equity accumulated through profitable operations that have not been paid out as
dividends.
D. The price paid by the current owners to acquire shares in the corporation, regardless of
whether they bought the shares directly from the corporation or from another shareholder.
76. The balance sheet item that represents the portion of equity resulting from profitable
operation of the business is:
A. Accounts receivable.
B. Cash.
C. Share capital.
D. Retained earnings.
77. Retained earnings appears on:

A. The income statement.
B. The balance sheet.
C. The statement of cash flows.
D. All three statements.
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78. Which of the following statements regarding liquidity and profitability is not true?
A. If a business is unable to pay its debts as they come due, it is operating unprofitably.
B. A business may be liquid, yet operate unprofitably for several years.
C. A business may operate profitably, yet be unable to meet its obligations.
D. In order to survive in the long run, a business must both remain liquid and operate
profitably.
79. The concept of adequate disclosure means that:

A. The accounting department of a business must inform management of the accounting
principles used in preparing the financial statements.
B. The company must inform users of any significant facts necessary for proper interpretation
of the financial statements, including events occurring after the financial statement date.
C. The independent auditors must disclose in the financial statements any and all errors
detected in the company's accounting records.
D. The financial statements should include a comprehensive list of each transaction that
occurred during the year.
80. If cash increases during a year, it must mean that:

A. There was positive profit on the income statement.
B. Retained earnings increased.
C. The net worth of a company increased.
D. None of the three statements above must necessarily be true.
81. A strong statement of cash flows indicates that significant cash is being generated by:
A. Operating activities.
B. Financing activities.
C. Investing activities.
D. Effective tax planning.
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At December 31, 2009, the accounting records of Braun Corporation contain the following
items:

Accounts Payable $16,000 Accounts Receivable $400,000

Land $240,000 Cash ?
Share capital ? Equipment $120,000
Building $180,000 Notes Payable $190,000
Retained Earnings $160,000
82. Refer to the above data. If Share Capital is $260,000, what is the December 31, 2009 cash
balance?
A. $86,000.
B. $94,000.
C. $46,000.
D. $686,000.
83. Refer to the above data. If Share Capital is $320,000, total assets of Braun Corporation at
December 31, 2009, amount to:
A. $686,000.
B. $926,000.
C. $726,000.
D. $106,000.
84. Refer to the above data. If Cash at December 31, 2009, is $86,000, Share Capital is:
A. $260,000.
B. $300,000.
C. $620,000.
D. $168,000.
85. Refer to the above data. If Cash at December 31, 2009, is $26,000, total equity is:
A. $160,000.
B. $366,000.
C. $606,000.
D. $400,000.
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86. Refer to the above data. If Cash at December 31, 2009, is $66,000, total assets amount to:
A. $606,000.
B. $806,000.
C. $662,000.
D. $646,000.
At December 31, 2010, the accounting records of Hercules Manufacturing Limited contain
the following items:


Land $90,000 Cash $7,000
Building $250,000 Equipment ?
Notes Payable $135,000 Share capital 188,000
Retained Earnings ?
87. Refer to the above data. If total assets of Hercules Manufacturing Limited are $556,000,
Equipment is carried in Hercules Manufacturing accounting records at:
A. $377,000.
B. $179,000.
C. $150,000.
D. $ 90,000.
Retained Earnings at December 31, 2010, must be:
A. $811,000.
B. $180,000.
C. $221,000.
D. $335,000.
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89. Refer to the above data. If Retained Earnings at December 31, 2010, is $140,000, total
assets amount to:
A. $ 98,000.
B. $377,000.
C. $475,000.
D. $188,000.
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90. Refer to the above data. If Retained Earnings at December 31, 2010, is $100,000,
Equipment is carried in Hercules Manufacturing Limited accounting records at:
A. $ 42,000.
B. $ 58,000.
C. $ 43,500.
D. $345,000.
91. Refer to the above data. Assume the Equipment shown above was acquired by the
business five years ago and has a book value of $156,000, but has a current appraised value of
$200,000. Hercules Manufacturing's Retained Earnings at December 31, 2010, amounts to:
A. $533,000.
B. $345,000.
C. $198,000.
D. $356,000.
At December 31, 2011 the accounting records of Gordon Limited contain the following
items:


Land $30,000 Cash ?
Building $31,250 Equipment $40,000
Notes Payable ? Share capital 12,500
92. Refer to the above data. If the Notes Payable is $10,000, the December 31, 2011 cash
balance is:
A. $ 60,000.
B. $160,000.
C. $ 30,000.
D. $ 20,000.
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93. Refer to the above data. If the Note Payable balance is $25,000, then the total assets of
Gordon Limited at December 31, 2011 amount to:
A. $27,500.
B. $152,500.
C. $120,000.
D. $165,000.
94. Refer to the above data. If the Cash balance at December 31, 2011 is $67,500, the Note
Payable balance is:
A. $118,750.
B. $ 47,500.
C. $137,500.
D. $140,000.
95. Refer to the above data. If the Cash balance at December 31, 2011 is $62,500 then total
liabilities amount to:
A. $ 42,500.
B. $140,000.
C. $ 45,000.
D. $182,500.
96. Which of the following is correct if at the end of Crystal Imports' first year of operations,
assets are $800,000 and equity is $720,000?
A. The owner must have invested $720,000 to start the business.
B. The business must be operating profitably.
C. Liabilities are $80,000.
D. Liabilities are $1,520,000.
97. During the current year, the assets of Wheatley's increased by $362,000, and the liabilities
increased by $260,000. The equity in the business must have:
A. Decreased by $102,000.
B. Decreased by $622,000.
C. Increased by $102,000.
D. Increased by $622,000.
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98. The total liabilities of Hogan's Company on the balance sheet are $270,000; this amount is
equal to three-fourths of the total assets. What is the amount of equity?
A. $202,500.
B. $ 90,000.
C. $360,000.
D. $630,000.
99. Thirty percent of the total assets of Shanahan Corporation have been financed through
borrowing. The total liabilities of the company are $600,000. What is the amount of equity?
A. $ 180,000.
B. $2,000,000.
C. $1,400,000.
D. $2,600,000.
100. A transaction caused a $60,000 increase in both assets and total liabilities. This
transaction could have been which of the following?
A. Purchase for office equipment for $60,000 cash.
B. Purchase of office equipment for $120,000, paying $60,000 cash and issuing a note
payable for the balance.
C. Repayment of a $60,000 bank loan.
D. Investment of $60,000 cash in the business by the owner.
101. If $9,600 cash and a $31,000 note payable are given in exchange for some office
machines to be used in a business:
A. Total assets are increased.
B. Total liabilities are decreased.
C. Total assets are decreased.
D. The equity is increased.
102. During the current year, liabilities of Corbett's Store increased by $220,000, and equity
increased by $160,000 then
A. Assets at the end of the year total $380,000.
B. Assets at the end of the year total $60,000.
C. Assets increased during the year by $380,000.
D. Assets decreased during the year by $60,000.
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103. During the current year, liabilities of Hayden Travel decreased by $50,000, and equity
increased by $75,000 then.
104. At the end of the current year, the equity in Barclay Bakery is $246,000. During the year
the assets of the business had increased by $120,000, and the liabilities had increased by
$72,000. Equity at the beginning of the year must have been:
A. $198,000.
B. $174,000.
C. $284,000.
D. $438,000.
105. At the end of the current year, the equity in Durante Co. is $360,000. During the year the
assets of the business had increased by $68,000, and the liabilities had increased by $118,000.
Equity at the beginning of the year must have been:
A. $410,000.
B. $310,000.
C. $546,000.
D. $174,000.
106. During the current year, the assets of Quality Stairs increased by $175,000 and the
liabilities decreased by $15,000. If the equity in the business is $475,000 at the end of the
year, the equity at the beginning of the year must have been:
A. $335,000.
B. $285,000.
C. $665,000.
D. $615,000.
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107. During the month of May, 2009, the Henderson Company had the following
transactions:
* Revenues of $60,000 were earned and received in cash.
* Bank loans of $9,000 were paid off.
* Equipment of $20,000 was purchased.
* Expenses of $36,800 were paid.
* Shareholders purchased additional shares for $22,000 cash.
A statement of cash flows for May, 2009, would report net cash flows from operating
activities of:
A. $60,000
B. $16,200
C. $23,200
D. $20,000
Astoria Co. had the following transactions during the month of August, 2010:
* Cash received from bank loans was $20,000.
* Dividends of $9,500 were paid to shareholders in cash.
* Revenues earned and received in cash amounted to $33,500
* Expenses incurred and paid were $26,000
108. Refer to the above data. What amount of profit will be reported on an income statement
for the month of August, 2010?
A. $20,000.
B. $7,500.
C. $0.
D. $33,500.
109. Refer to the above data. At the beginning of August, 2010, equity in Astoria was
$160,000. Given the transactions of August, 2010, what will equity be at the end of the
month?
A. $167,500.
B. $150,500.
C. $193,500.
D. $158,000.
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110. Refer to the above data. For the month of August, 2010, net cash flows from operating
activities for Astoria were:
A. $33,500.
B. $7,500.
C. $20,000.
D. $26,000.
111. The major provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 include all of the following
except:
A. The creation of a new agency to over see the public accounting profession.
B. Restrictions on the types of consulting services that accounting firms can provide to audit
clients.
C. Reducing responsibility for audit committees when overseeing the financial reporting
process.
D. Requiring the chief executive office and the chief financial officer to certify the accuracy
of their company's financial statements.
112. According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, CEOs and CFOs must certify to the accuracy of
their company's financial statements
A. Monthly and Quarterly
B. Quarterly and Annually
C. Monthly and Annually
D. CEOs and CFOs are not required to certify to the company's financial statement; only
CPA's do.

Essay Questions

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113. Accounting terminology
Listed below are nine technical accounting terms introduced in this chapter:
Assets Accounting equation Inflation

Balance Sheet Liabilities Going concern assumption
Cost principle Equity Liquidity
Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these technical terms. In
the space provided below each statement, indicate the accounting term described, or answer
"None" if the statement does not correctly describe any of the terms. Do not use a term more
than once.
(A.) Having the financial ability to pay debts as they become due.
(B.) An assumption that a business will operate in the foreseeable future.
(C.) Economic resources owned by businesses that are expected to benefit future operations.
(D.) The debts or obligations of a business organization.
(E.) Assets - Liabilities = Equity
(F.) The principle which states that assets are valued in the balance sheet at their historical
cost.
(G.) A residual amount equal to assets minus liabilities.

114. Accounting equation
(A.) During the current year, the assets of Duffy Stationery increased by $650,000, and the
liabilities decreased by $340,000. What was the change in equity during the year?
(B.) The equity of Graham Interiors appears on the balance sheet as $720,000 and is equal to
one-fourth of total assets. Compute the amount of total liabilities.
(C.) At the end of 2009 the equity in Scott Mfg. amounted to $845,000. During 2009, the
assets of the business increased by $515,000, and the liabilities increased by $205,000. The
equity at the beginning of 2009 was how much?

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115. Effects of transactions on elements of the accounting equation

Some of the transactions carried out by Tudor Wholesale during the first month of the
company's existence are listed below. You are to determine the effect of each transaction on
the total assets, the total liabilities, and the equity. Prepare your answer in columnar form,
identifying each transaction by letter and using the symbols (+) for increase, (-) for decrease,
and (NC) for no change. An answer is provided for the first transaction to serve as an
example.

Transactions Assets Total Equity

Liabilities
A. Issued share capital in exchange for cash + NC +
B. Bought land and a building at a total price
of $165,000. Made a down payment of
$65,000 cash and signed a note payable for
the balance.
C. Bough adjoining lot for use as parking lot;
paid cash in full
D. Sold a portion of the land on credit at a
price equal to its cost.
E. Obtained a loan from a bank
F. Purchased office equipment on credit.
G. Paid a liability.
H. Collected part of amount owned to the
business from purchaser of land.
I. Sold another portion of the land for cash at
a price in excess of cost.

2-26

Some of the transactions carried out by Tsang Company during the first month of the
company's existence are listed below. You are to determine the dollar effect of each
transaction on the total assets, the total liabilities, and the equity of Tsang Company. Use the
symbols (+) for increase, (?) (-) for decrease, and (NC) for no change. An answer is provided
for the first transaction to serve as an example.


Liabilities
A. Issued share capital to Don Tsang in +$200,000 NC +200,000
exchange for his investment of $200,000 in
the business
B.Purchased a computer for the business for
$5,000 cash.
C. Borrowed $200,000 from the bank.
D. Purchased office furnishings at a total
price of $4,200, terms $600 cash and balance
payable in two installments.
E. Paid $1,800 of the balance due on the
office furnishings.
F. Sold an extra monitor that had cost $250
for $300 on credit.
G. Collected $150 of amount receivable from
purchaser of the monitor.
H. Bought a small truck to be used in the
business for $29,000; paid cash in full.

2-27
117. Computation of assets, liabilities, and equity after a series of transactions

On April 30, 2009, the balance sheet of China Collectibles showed total assets of $700,000,
total liabilities of $400,000, and equity of $300,000. The following transactions occurred in
May of 2009:
(1) Share capital was issued in exchange for $165,000 cash.
(2) The business purchased equipment for $360,000, paying $160,000 cash and issuing a note
payable for $200,000.
(3) The business paid off $70,000 of its accounts payable.
(4) The business collected $54,000 of its accounts receivable.
Compute the following as of May 31, 2009:
(A.) Total assets $___________
(B.) Total liabilities $___________
(C.) Equity $___________


The December 31, 2009, balance sheet of Charles Realty reported total assets of $900,000,
January of 2010:
(1) The business purchased land for $250,000, paying $100,000 cash and issuing a note
(2) The business collected accounts receivable totaling $45,000.
(3) The business sold one-fifth of the land (which had cost $50,000) land costing $50,000 for
$60,000 cash.
(4) The business paid off $50,000 of the note payable.
Compute the following at January 31, 2010:
(A.) Total assets$__________
(B.) Total liabilities$__________
(C.) Equity$__________

2-28
119. Preparation of balance sheet

Prepare the balance sheet as of December 31, 2009, for Gamma Company, from the following
list of items which are arranged in random order. You must compute the amount for accounts
payable to complete the balance sheet.

Accounts Payable $? Land $260,000

Land $41,600 Notes Payable $377,000
Building $533,000 Accounts receivable $18,750
Share capital $494,000 Cash $19,760

2-29
120. Preparation of balance sheet after a series of transactions

The balance sheet was as follows for Custom Ceramics on February 1, 2010:

Custom Ceramics
Balance Sheet
February 1, 2010
Assets Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity
Land $80,000 Liabilities:
Buildings 50,000 Notes payable $40,000
Office Equipment 30,000 Accounts payable 6,000
Accounts receivable 5,200 Total liabilities 46,000
Cash 7,000 Shareholders’ equity
______ Share capital $100,000
Retained earnings 26,200 $126,200
Total liabilities
Total assets $172,200 Shareholders’ equity $172,200

During the first week of February, the following transactions occurred:
* The business used cash to pay off $5,000 of its accounts payable. (No payment was made on the notes payable.)
* Additional share capital was issued to Joan Custom for $15,000 cash.
* Equipment was purchased on credit for $1,800
* The business collected $4,000 cash from accounts receivable.
Complete the balance sheet for Custom Ceramics as of February 8, 2010.

Custom Ceramics
Balance Sheet
February 8, 2010
Land $ Liabilities:
Buildings Notes payable $
Office Equipment Accounts payable
Accounts receivable Total liabilities $
Cash Shareholders’ equity
______ Share capital
Retained earnings $
Total liabilities
Total assets $_____ Shareholders’ equity $______
2-30

121. Completion of Balance Sheet
Use the following information to complete the balance sheet of Adelphi Construction as of
December 31, 2010.
(1) The company was organized on January 1, 2010, and has operated for the full year 2010.
(2) Earnings have amounted to $275,000, and dividends of $70,000 have been paid to
shareholders.
(3) Cash and accounts receivable together amount to one and one-half times as much as notes
payable.

Adelphi Construction
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2010
Buildings 250,000 Notes payable $
Equipment 96,000 Accounts payable
Accounts receivable 85,000 Income taxes payable $ 40,000
Cash Total liabilities $215,000
Shareholders’ equity
______ Share capital $
Retained earnings $______
Total liabilities
Total assets $ Shareholders’ equity $620,000

2-31
122. Completion of balance sheet

Use the following information to complete the December 31, 2009, balance sheet of Copper
Supplies Company.
(1) Equity as of January 1, 2009, totaled $175,000, which included share capital of $150,000.
(2) Additional share capital was issued during 2009 in exchange for $40,000 cash.
(3) Profit for 2009 amounted to $200,000; no dividends were paid during 2009.
(4) Cash and accounts receivable together amount to 3 times as much as accounts payable.

Copper Supplies Company

Balance Sheet
December 31, 2009
Land $ 215,000 Liabilities:
Buildings 300,000 Accounts payable $40,000
Equipment ? Notes payable ?
Accounts receivable ? Total liabilities $ ?
Share capital $
Retained earnings $______?
Total liabilities
Total assets $ 620,000 Shareholders’ equity $_______?

2-32
123. Effects of transactions on balance sheet items

Show the effect of each of the seven listed transactions on the balance sheet items of Distinctive Draperies. Indicate the new
balances after the transaction of May 2 and each subsequent transaction. The effects of the May 1 transaction are already
filled in to provide you with an example.

May 1 Issued share capital for $75,000
2 Purchased a small office building at a price of $58,000 for the land and $65,000 for the building. Paid
$43,000 cash and signed a note payable for the balance.
8 Borrowed $15,000 from the bank. Signed a 60-day note payable for this amount
16 Purchased copying machines, computers, and other office equipment for $19,000. Paid $9,000 cash and
signed a ntoe payable for the balance.
28 Sold an item of office equipment (computer) to a shareholder at its cost of $2,800. The shareholder paid
$800 cash and promised to pay the balance within 30 days.
30 Paid $5,000 on the liability for the office equipment.
31 Collected $500 from the shareholder who had bought the computer.
Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders’

Equity
Cash + Accounts + Land + Building + Office = Notes + Share Capital
Receivable Equipment Payable
May 1 +$75,000 +$75,000
2
Balance
8
Balance
16
Balance
28
Balance
30
Balance
31
Balance
2-33

Show the effect of each of the seven listed transactions on the balance sheet items of
Renaissance Investment Services Limited Indicate the new balances after the transaction of
November 2 and each subsequent transaction. The effects of the November 1 transaction are
already filled in to provide you with an example.

Nov 1 Issued share capital for $200,000

2 Purchased a small office building at a price of $86,000 for the land and $74,000 for the building. Made
a cash payment of 20% of the total price and signed a note payable for the balance.
7 Purchased telephones, computers, and other office equipment for $58,000. Paid $23,000 cash and
12 Sold one of the comptuers to a shareholder at its cost of $3,500. The shareholder paid $500 cash and
agreed to pay the balance within 10 days.
22 Received $3,000 due from the shareholder who had purchased the computer.
30 Paid $17,500 on the note payable for the office equipment.

Equity
May 1 +$200,000 +$200,000
2
Balance
7
Balance
12
Balance
22
Balance
30
Balance

2-34
125. An inexperienced accounting intern at Tasso Company prepared the following income
statement for the month of July, 2009:

Tasso Company
Month of July, 2009
Revenues:
Services provided to customers $25,000
Share Capital 12,500
Loan from bank 37,500 $75,000
Expenses:
Payments to long-term creditors $20,000
Expenses required to provide services to
Customers 18,750
Purchase of equipment 10,000 48,750
Profit for the month $26,250
Instructions: Prepare a revised income statement in accordance with generally accepted

accounting principles.

2-35
126. List the following accounts in the order that they would appear on a balance sheet
Share capital
Equipment
Accounts Receivable
Retained Earnings
Revenue
Accounts Payable
Cash
Rent Expense

2-36
127. From the following accounts and amounts prepare a balance sheet for the Swell
Company for December 31, 2010. You must compute the amount for retained earnings to
complete the balance sheet.

Accounts Payable $61,250

Accounts Receivable $70,500
Building $50,000
Share Capital $50,000
Cash $64,000
Equipment $30,000
Insurance Expense $5,000
Land $125,000
Notes Payable $175,000
Sales Revenue $25,000
Salaries Expense $20,000

128. Financial statements
A set of financial statements for a company includes three related accounting reports, or
statements. In the space provided, list the names of three primary statements, and give a brief
description of the accounting information contained in each.

2-37
129. Development of generally accepted accounting principles

(A.) What is meant by the phrase "generally accepted accounting principles?"
(B.) Give the names of three organizations that currently play an active role in the
development of accounting principles in the United States.

130. Valuation of assets under generally accepted accounting principles

Under generally accepted accounting principles, the assets owned by a business are reported
in the balance sheet at their historical cost. Identify and briefly explain two accounting
principles other than the cost principle that support the valuation of assets at cost in the
balance sheet.

131. Forms of Business Organization

State and describe the three most common forms of business organizations in the United
States.

2-38
Chapter 02 Basic Financial Statements Answer Key

True / False Questions

1. A business entity is regarded as separate from the personal activities of its owners whether
it is a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation.
TRUE
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AICPA BB: Legal
AICPA FN: Reporting
Learning Objective: 2

2. Assets need not always have physical characteristics such as buildings, machinery or
inventory.
TRUE

AICPA BB: Critical Thinking
AICPA FN: Measurement

3. The going concern principle assumes that the business will continue indefinitely.
TRUE


2-39
4. Notes payable and accounts payable are written promises to pay an amount owed by a
certain date. Notes payable generally have interest but accounts payable generally do not.
TRUE

AICPA BB: Resource Management

5. A profit results from having more revenues than liabilities.

FALSE


6. The sale of additional shares of share capital will cause treasury shares to increase.
FALSE

AICPA BB: Resource Management

7. Articulation between the financial statements means that they relate closely to each other.
TRUE


2-40
8. Limited liability means that owners of a business are only liable for the debts of the
business up to the amounts they can afford.
FALSE

AICPA BB: Legal

9. In a business organized as a corporation, it is not necessary to list the equity of each
shareholder on the balance sheet.
TRUE

AICPA BB: Legal
AICPA FN: Reporting

10. Total assets always equal total liabilities plus total equity.

TRUE


11. A cash flow statement reports revenue and expense activities for a specific time period
such as one month or one year.
FALSE

AICPA FN: Reporting

2-41
12. Any business event that might affect the future profitability of a business should be
reported in its balance sheet.
FALSE

AICPA FN: Reporting

13. Total assets plus total liabilities equals total equity.

FALSE


14. The practice of showing assets on the balance sheet at their cost rather than at their current
market value is explained in part by the fact that cost is supported by objective evidence that
can be verified by independent experts.
TRUE


15. The recognition principle states that the activities of an entity should be kept separate
from those of its owner.
FALSE


2-42
16. The entity principle states that the affairs of the owners are not part of the financial
operations of a business entity and should be separated.
TRUE


17. The accounting equation may be stated as "assets minus liabilities equals equity."
TRUE


18. A transaction that causes an increase in an asset may also cause a decrease in another
asset, an increase in a liability, or an increase in equity.
TRUE


19. The collection of an account receivable will cause total assets to decrease.

FALSE


2-43
20. The payment of a liability causes an increase in equity.

FALSE


21. When a business borrows money from a bank, the immediate effect is an increase in total
assets and a decrease in liabilities or equity.
FALSE


22. The purchase of an asset such as office equipment, for cash will cause equity to decrease.
FALSE


23. The owner of a sole proprietorship is personally liable for the debts of the business,
whereas the shareholders of a corporation are not personally liable for the debts of the
business.
TRUE

AICPA BB: Legal

2-44
24. If a company purchases equipment for cash, its total assets will increase.
FALSE


25. If a company purchases equipment by issuing a note payable, its total assets will not
change.
FALSE


26. It is not unusual for an entity to report a significant increase in cash from operating
activities, but a decrease in the total amount of cash.
TRUE


27. The cash flow statement provides a link between two balance sheets by showing how
profit (or loss) has changed equity from one balance sheet date to the next.
FALSE


2-45
28. According to Sarbanes-Oxley, internal controls must be audited by the same accounting

firm that audits the financial statements.
TRUE
AACSB: Ethics
AICPA BB: Legal
AICPA FN: Reporting

29. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board was created by the American Institute
of CPAs to oversee the public accounting profession.
FALSE
AACSB: Ethics
AICPA BB: Legal
AICPA FN: Reporting

30. The major outgrowth from business failures and allegations of fraudulent financial
reporting during the 1990's was the passage of the Securities and Exchange Act.
FALSE
AACSB: Ethics
AICPA BB: Legal
AICPA FN: Reporting

Multiple Choice Questions

31. Which of the following best describes liquidity?

A. The ability to increase the value of retained earnings
B. The ability to pay the debts of the company as they become due.
C. Being able to buy everything the company requires for cash.
D. Purchasing everything the company requires on credit.


2-46
32. Profitability may be defined as:

A. The ability to pay the debts of the company as they fall due.
B. The ability to increase retained earnings.
C. Distributing dividends
D. Having excess cash


33. The principle of adequate disclosure means that a company should disclose:

A. Only the important monetary information.
B. All confidential information regarding the company.
C. Any financial facts that a reasonable informed person would consider necessary for the
proper interpretation of the financial statements.
D. Only subsequent events.

AICPA FN: Reporting

34. Blue Wholesale Shirt Co. sold shirts to Pink Retail Shoppe. The owner of Pink Retail said
she would pay Blue at a later date which Blue Wholesale Shirt Co. agreed to. Blue Wholesale
Shirt Co. is considered to be a:
A. borrower
B. liability
C. creditor
D. debtor


2-47
35. Equity in a business increases as a result of which of the following?

A. Payments of cash to the owners.
B. Losses from unprofitable operation of the business.
C. Earnings from profitable operation of the business.
D. Borrowing from a commercial bank.


36. Equity in a business decreases as a result of which of the following?

A. Investments of cash by the owners.
B. Profits from operating the business.
C. Losses from unprofitable operation of the business
D. Repaying a loan to a commercial bank


37. Which one of the following is not considered one of the three primary financial
statements?
A. Balance sheet.
B. Income statement.
C. Statement of cash flows.
D. Statement of budgeting activities.

AICPA FN: Reporting

2-48
38. Which of the following is the primary objective of financial statements?

A. Providing managers with detailed information tailored to the managers' specific
information needs.
B. Providing people outside the business organization with information about the company's
financial position and operating results.
C. Reporting to the tax authority the company's taxable income.
D. Indicating to investors in a particular company the current market values of their
investments.

AICPA FN: Reporting

39. Which of the following is descriptive of the proper form of a balance sheet?

A. The heading sets forth the period of time covered.
B. Cash is always the first asset listed, followed by permanent assets (such as land and
buildings), and finally by assets such as receivables and supplies.
C. Liabilities are listed before equity.
D. A subtotal for total assets plus total liabilities is shown.

AICPA FN: Reporting

40. A balance sheet is designed to show:

A. How much a business is worth.
B. The profitability of the business during the current year.
C. The assets, liabilities, and equity of a business as of a particular date.
D. The cost of replacing the assets and of paying off the liabilities at December 31.

AICPA FN: Reporting

2-49
41. The way in which financial statements relate is known as:

A. Solvency.
B. Objectivity.
C. Articulation.
D. Entity.


42. If total assets equal $270,000 and total liabilities equal $202,500, the total equity must
equal:
A. $472,500.
B. $67,500.
$270,000 - $202,500 = $67,500
AACSB: Analytic

43. Which of the following best defines an asset?

A. Something with physical form that is valued at cost in the accounting records.
B. An economic resource owned by a business and expected to benefit future operations.
C. An economic resource representing cash or the right to receive cash in the near future.
D. Something owned by a business that has a ready market value.


2-50
44. To appear in a balance sheet of a business entity, an asset need not:

A. Be an economic resource.
B. Have a ready market value.
C. Be expected to benefit future operations.
D. Be owned by the business.

AICPA FN: Measurement, Reporting

45. If total assets equal $345,000 and total equity equal $120,000, then total liabilities must
equal:
A. $465,000.
B. $225,000.
$345,000 - $120,000 = $225,000
AACSB: Analytic

46. A balance sheet:

A. Provides owners, investors, and other interested parties with all the financial information
they need to evaluate the financial strength, profitability, and future prospects of a given
business entity.
B. Shows the current market value of the equity in the business at the balance sheet date.
C. Assists creditors in evaluating the debt-paying ability of a business by showing the assets
and liabilities of the business combined with those of its owner (or owners).
D. Shows the assets, liabilities, and equity of a business entity, valued in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles.

AICPA FN: Reporting

2-51
47. Which of the following is correct f a company purchases equipment for $70,000 cash?
AACSB: Analytic

48. From an accounting viewpoint, when is a business considered an entity separate from its
owner(s)?
A. Only when organized as a sole proprietorship.
B. Only when organized as a partnership.
C. Only when organized as a corporation.
D. In each of the above situations, the business is an accounting entity separate from the
activities of the owner(s).

AICPA BB: Legal
AICPA FN: Decision Making

49. If a company purchases equipment for $65,000 by issuing a note payable:

AACSB: Analytic

2-52
50. The valuation of assets in the balance sheet is based primarily upon:

A. What it would cost to replace the assets.
B. Cost, because cost is usually factual and verifiable.
C. Current fair market value as established by independent appraisers.
D. Cost, because in the event of liquidation, the assets would be sold at an amount equal to
their original cost.

AICPA FN: Reporting

51. Which of the following is not a generally accepted accounting principle relating to the
valuation of assets?
A. The cost principle - in general, assets are valued at cost, rather than at estimated market
values.
B. The objectivity principle - accountants prefer to use objective, rather than subjective,
information as the basis for accounting information.
C. The safety principle - assets are valued at no more than the value for which they are
insured.
D. The going-concern assumption - one reason for valuing assets such as buildings and
equipment at cost rather than at their current market values is the assumption that the business
will use these assets rather than sell them.


52. Each year the accountant for Southern Real Estate Company adjusts the recorded value of
each asset to its market value. Using these market value figures on the balance sheet violates:
A. The accounting equation.
B. The stable-dollar assumption.
C. The business entity concept.
D. The cost principle.


2-53
53. The owner of Westhampton Fish Eatery purchased a new car for his daughter who is away
at college at a cost of $43,000 and reported this amount as Delivery Vehicle in the restaurant's
balance sheet. The reporting of this item in this manner violated the:
A. Cost principle.
B. Business entity concept
D. Going-concern assumption.

AICPA FN: Reporting

54. Which of the following is correct when a company uses cash to pay for an expense?
A. Total assets will decrease.
B. Retained earnings will decrease.
C. Equity will decrease.
D. All three of the above statements are correct.


55. If cash flows from operating activities is a negative amount:

A. The company must have a loss for the year.
B. The company must have a net profit for the year.
C. The company must have paid off more debts than it earned during the year.
D. The company may have profit or a loss for the year.


2-54
56. Eton Corporation purchased land in 1990 for $190,000. In 2008, it purchased a nearly
identical parcel of land for $430,000. In its 2008 balance sheet, Eton valued these two parcels
of land at a combined value of $860,000. Reporting the land in this manner violated the:
A. Cost principle.
B. Principle of the business entity.
D. Going-concern assumption


57. Bob Bertolucci, owner of Bob's Bazaar, also owns a personal residence that cost
$575,000, but has a market value of $725,000. During preparation of the financial statements
for Bob's Bazaar, the accounting principle most relevant to the presentation of Bob's home is:
A. The concept of the business entity.
B. The cost principle.
C. The going-concern assumption.
D. The objectivity principle.

AICPA FN: Reporting

58. Which of the following will not cause a change in the equity of a business?
A. Payment of an interest free business debt.
B. Withdrawal of cash by the owner.
C. Sale of land at a profit.
D. Losses from unprofitable operations.


2-55
59. Which business organization is recognized as a separate legal entity under the law?
A. Corporation.
B. Sole proprietorship.
C. Partnership.
D. All three.

AICPA FN: Reporting

60. The amount of equity in a business is not affected by:

A. The percentage of total assets held in cash.
B. Investments made in the business by the owner.
C. The profitability of the business.
D. The amount of dividends paid to shareholders.


61. Decreases in equity are caused by:

A. Purchases of assets and payment of liabilities.
B. Purchases of assets and incurrence of liabilities.
C. Payment of liabilities and unprofitable operations.
D. Distributions of assets to the owner and unprofitable operations.


2-56
62. Which of the following transactions would cause a change in equity?

A. Repayment of the principal on a bank loan.
B. Purchase of a delivery truck on credit.
C. Sale of land on credit for a price above cost.
D. Borrowing money from a bank.


63. An expense is best defined as:

A. Any payment of cash for the benefit of the company.
B. Past, present or future payments of cash required to generate revenues.
C. Past payments of cash required to generate revenues.
D. Future payments of cash required to generate revenues.


64. If a transaction causes an asset account to decrease, which of the following related effects
may occur?
A. An increase of equal amount in an equity account.
B. An increase in a liability account.
C. An increase of equal amount in another asset account.
D. An increase in the combined total of liabilities and equity.
AACSB: Analytic

2-57
65. The payment of a business debt not including interest:

A. Decreases total assets.
B. Increases total liabilities.
C. Increases the equity in the business.
D. Decreases the equity in the business.
AACSB: Analytic

66. The accounting principle that assumes that a company will operate in the foreseeable
future is:
A. Going concern.
B. Objectivity.
C. Liquidity.
D. Disclosure.


67. Deerpark Corporation recently borrowed $70,000 cash from its bank. Which of the
following was unaffected by this transaction?
A. Assets.
B. Liabilities.
C. Equity.
D. Cash.
AACSB: Analytic

2-58
68. Which of the following transactions would cause an increase in both assets and equity?
A. Investment of cash in the business by the owner.
AACSB: Analytic

69. A transaction caused an increase in both assets and equity. This transaction could have
been:
A. A sale of service to a customer producing revenue.
AACSB: Analytic

70. Retained earnings is:

A. The positive cash flows of a company.
B. Net worth of a company.
C. The equity that has accumulated as a result of profitable operations.
D. Equal to the total assets of a company.


2-59
71. A revenue transaction results in all of the following except:

A. An increase in assets.
B. An increase in equity.
C. A positive cash flow in either the past, present, or future.
D. An increase in liabilities.


72. If a company has a profit:

A. Assets will be equal to liabilities plus equity.
B. Assets will be less than liabilities plus equity.
C. Assets will be greater than liabilities plus equity.
D. Equity will be greater than its assets.


73. Which of the following activities is not a category into which cash flows are classified?
A. Marketing activities.
B. Operating activities.
C. Financing activities.
D. Investing activities.

AICPA FN: Reporting

2-60
74. The change in equity from one balance sheet to the next is partially explained by the:
A. Statement of cash flows.
B. Statement of financial position.
C. Income statement.
D. Tax return.


75. Share capital represents:

A. The amount invested in the business by shareholders when shares were initially issued by a
corporation.
B. The equity for a business organized as a corporation.
C. The equity accumulated through profitable operations that have not been paid out as
dividends.
D. The price paid by the current owners to acquire shares in the corporation, regardless of
whether they bought the shares directly from the corporation or from another shareholder.

AICPA BB: Legal

76. The balance sheet item that represents the portion of equity resulting from profitable
operation of the business is:
A. Accounts receivable.
B. Cash.
C. Share capital.
D. Retained earnings.

AICPA FN: Reporting

2-61
77. Retained earnings appears on:

A. The income statement.
B. The balance sheet.
C. The statement of cash flows.
D. All three statements.

AICPA FN: Reporting

78. Which of the following statements regarding liquidity and profitability is not true?
A. If a business is unable to pay its debts as they come due, it is operating unprofitably.
B. A business may be liquid, yet operate unprofitably for several years.
C. A business may operate profitably, yet be unable to meet its obligations.
D. In order to survive in the long run, a business must both remain liquid and operate
profitably.

AICPA FN: Reporting

79. The concept of adequate disclosure means that:

A. The accounting department of a business must inform management of the accounting
principles used in preparing the financial statements.
B. The company must inform users of any significant facts necessary for proper interpretation
of the financial statements, including events occurring after the financial statement date.
C. The independent auditors must disclose in the financial statements any and all errors
detected in the company's accounting records.
D. The financial statements should include a comprehensive list of each transaction that
occurred during the year.

AICPA FN: Reporting

2-62
80. If cash increases during a year, it must mean that:

A. There was positive profit on the income statement.
B. Retained earnings increased.
C. The net worth of a company increased.
D. None of the three statements above must necessarily be true.


81. A strong statement of cash flows indicates that significant cash is being generated by:
A. Operating activities.
B. Financing activities.
C. Investing activities.
D. Effective tax planning.
AACSB: Analytic

At December 31, 2009, the accounting records of Braun Corporation contain the following
items:

Land $240,000 Cash ?
Share capital ? Equipment $120,000
Building $180,000 Notes Payable $190,000
2-63
82. Refer to the above data. If Share Capital is $260,000, what is the December 31, 2009 cash
balance?
A. $86,000.
B. $94,000.
C. $46,000.
D. $686,000.
A/P(16,000) + N/P(190,000) + Share Capital(260,000) + R.E.(160,000) = 626,000

Cash(?) + A/R(40,000) + Land(240,000) + Building(180,000) + Equipment(120,000) =
626,000
Cash = $45,000
AACSB: Analytic

83. Refer to the above data. If Share Capital is $320,000, total assets of Braun Corporation at
December 31, 2009, amount to:
A. $686,000.
B. $926,000.
C. $726,000.
D. $106,000.
A/P(16,000) + N/P (190,000) + Share Capital(320,000) + R.E. (160,000) = 686,000 Total

Assets = $686,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-64
84. Refer to the above data. If Cash at December 31, 2009, is $86,000, Share Capital is:
A. $260,000.
B. $300,000.
C. $620,000.
D. $168,000.
Cash (86,000) + A/R (40,000) + Land(240,000) + Building(180,000) + Equipment(120,000) =

666000
A/P(16,000) + N/P(190,000) + Share Capital(?) + R.E.(160,000) = 666,000.
Capital = $300,000
AACSB: Analytic

85. Refer to the above data. If Cash at December 31, 2009, is $26,000, total equity is:
A. $160,000.
B. $366,000.
C. $606,000.
D. $400,000.
Cash(26,000) + A/R(40,000) + Land(240,000) + Building(180,000) + Equipment(120,000) =

606,000
A/P (16,000) + N/P (190,000) + Share Capital(?) + R.E(160,000) = 606,000
Share Capital = (240,000) + R. E. (160,000) = $400,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-65
86. Refer to the above data. If Cash at December 31, 2009, is $66,000, total assets amount to:
A. $606,000.
B. $806,000.
C. $662,000.
D. $646,000.

646,000
AACSB: Analytic

At December 31, 2010, the accounting records of Hercules Manufacturing Limited contain
the following items:


Land $90,000 Cash $7,000
Building $250,000 Equipment ?
Notes Payable $135,000 Share capital 188,000
Retained Earnings ?
Equipment is carried in Hercules Manufacturing accounting records at:
A. $377,000.
B. $179,000.
C. $150,000.
D. $ 90,000.
Cash(7,000) + A/R(30,000) + Land(90,000) + Building(250,000) + Equipment(?) = 556,000

Equipment = $179,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-66
Retained Earnings at December 31, 2010, must be:
A. $811,000.
B. $180,000.
C. $221,000.
D. $335,000.
A/P(12,000) + N/P(135,000) + Share Capital(188,000) + R.E(?) = 556,000, R. E. = $221,000
AACSB: Analytic

89. Refer to the above data. If Retained Earnings at December 31, 2010, is $140,000, total
assets amount to:
A. $ 98,000.
B. $377,000.
C. $475,000.
D. $188,000.
A/P(12,000) + N/P(135,000) + Share Capital(188,000) + R.E.(140,000) =475,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-67
90. Refer to the above data. If Retained Earnings at December 31, 2010, is $100,000,
Equipment is carried in Hercules Manufacturing Limited accounting records at:
A. $ 42,000.
B. $ 58,000.
C. $ 43,500.
D. $345,000.
A/P(12,000) + N/P(135,000) + Share Capital(188,000) + R.E.(100,000) =435,000

Cash(7,000) + A/R(30,000) + Land(90,000) + Building(250,000) + Equipment(?) = 435,000
Equipment = $58,000
AACSB: Analytic

91. Refer to the above data. Assume the Equipment shown above was acquired by the
business five years ago and has a book value of $156,000, but has a current appraised value of
$200,000. Hercules Manufacturing's Retained Earnings at December 31, 2010, amounts to:
A. $533,000.
B. $345,000.
C. $198,000.
D. $356,000.

533,000
A/P(12,000) + N/P(135,000) + Share Capital(188,000) + R.E.(?) = 533,000
R.E. = 198,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-68
At December 31, 2011 the accounting records of Gordon Limited contain the following
items:


Land $30,000 Cash ?
Building $31,250 Equipment $40,000
Notes Payable ? Share capital 12,500
92. Refer to the above data. If the Notes Payable is $10,000, the December 31, 2011 cash
balance is:
A. $ 60,000.
B. $160,000.
C. $ 30,000.
D. $ 20,000.
Cash(?) + A/R(18,750) +Land(30,000) + Building(31,250) + Equipment(40,000) = 150,000,

Cash = 30,000
AACSB: Analytic

93. Refer to the above data. If the Note Payable balance is $25,000, then the total assets of
Gordon Limited at December 31, 2011 amount to:
A. $27,500.
B. $152,500.
C. $120,000.
D. $165,000.
A/P(2,500) + N/P(25,000) + Share Capital(12,500) + R.E.(125,000) = 165,000

Total Assets = 165,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-69
94. Refer to the above data. If the Cash balance at December 31, 2011 is $67,500, the Note
Payable balance is:
A. $118,750.
B. $ 47,500.
C. $137,500.
D. $140,000.

187,500
A/P(2,500) + N/P(?) + Share Capital(12,500) + R.E.(125,000) = 187,500
N/P = 47,500
AACSB: Analytic

95. Refer to the above data. If the Cash balance at December 31, 2011 is $62,500 then total
liabilities amount to:
A. $ 42,500.
B. $140,000.
C. $ 45,000.
D. $182,500.
Cash(62,500)+ A/R(18,750) + Land(30,000) + Building(31,250) + Equipment(40,000) =

182,500, A/P(2,500) + N/P(?) + Share Capital(12,500) + R.E.(125,000) =182,500
N/P = 42,500; Total liabilities = 2,500 + 42,500 = 45,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-70
96. Which of the following is correct if at the end of Crystal Imports' first year of operations,
assets are $800,000 and equity is $720,000?
A. The owner must have invested $720,000 to start the business.
B. The business must be operating profitably.
C. Liabilities are $80,000.
D. Liabilities are $1,520,000.
800,000 - 720,000 = 80,000
AACSB: Analytic

97. During the current year, the assets of Wheatley's increased by $362,000, and the liabilities
increased by $260,000. The equity in the business must have:
A. Decreased by $102,000.
B. Decreased by $622,000.
C. Increased by $102,000.
D. Increased by $622,000.
$362,000 - $260,000 = $102,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-71
98. The total liabilities of Hogan's Company on the balance sheet are $270,000; this amount is
equal to three-fourths of the total assets. What is the amount of equity?
A. $202,500.
B. $ 90,000.
C. $360,000.
D. $630,000.
¾ A = $270,000, A=$360,000
O.E. = (360,000-270,000) or $90,000
AACSB: Analytic

99. Thirty percent of the total assets of Shanahan Corporation have been financed through
borrowing. The total liabilities of the company are $600,000. What is the amount of equity?
A. $ 180,000.
B. $2,000,000.
C. $1,400,000.
D. $2,600,000.
30%A = 600,000, A = 2,000,000

O.E. = (2,000,000 - 600,000) or 1,400,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-72
100. A transaction caused a $60,000 increase in both assets and total liabilities. This
transaction could have been which of the following?
A. Purchase for office equipment for $60,000 cash.
B. Purchase of office equipment for $120,000, paying $60,000 cash and issuing a note
C. Repayment of a $60,000 bank loan.
D. Investment of $60,000 cash in the business by the owner.
AACSB: Analytic

101. If $9,600 cash and a $31,000 note payable are given in exchange for some office
machines to be used in a business:
A. Total assets are increased.
B. Total liabilities are decreased.
C. Total assets are decreased.
D. The equity is increased.
AACSB: Analytic

102. During the current year, liabilities of Corbett's Store increased by $220,000, and equity
increased by $160,000 then
$220,000 + $160,000 = $380,000
AACSB: Analytic

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103. During the current year, liabilities of Hayden Travel decreased by $50,000, and equity
increased by $75,000 then.
$75,000 - $50,000 = $25,000
AACSB: Analytic

104. At the end of the current year, the equity in Barclay Bakery is $246,000. During the year
the assets of the business had increased by $120,000, and the liabilities had increased by
$72,000. Equity at the beginning of the year must have been:
A. $198,000.
B. $174,000.
C. $284,000.
D. $438,000.
$120,000 - $72,000 = $48,000

$246,000 - $48,000 = $198,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-74
105. At the end of the current year, the equity in Durante Co. is $360,000. During the year the
assets of the business had increased by $68,000, and the liabilities had increased by $118,000.
Equity at the beginning of the year must have been:
A. $410,000.
B. $310,000.
C. $546,000.
D. $174,000.
$68,000 -118,000= ($50,000)

$360,000 - ($50,000) = $410,000
AACSB: Analytic

106. During the current year, the assets of Quality Stairs increased by $175,000 and the
liabilities decreased by $15,000. If the equity in the business is $475,000 at the end of the
year, the equity at the beginning of the year must have been:
A. $335,000.
B. $285,000.
C. $665,000.
D. $615,000.
175,000 + 15,000 = 190,000

475,000 - 190,000 = 285,000
AACSB: Analytic

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107. During the month of May, 2009, the Henderson Company had the following
transactions:
* Revenues of $60,000 were earned and received in cash.
* Bank loans of $9,000 were paid off.
* Equipment of $20,000 was purchased.
* Expenses of $36,800 were paid.
* Shareholders purchased additional shares for $22,000 cash.
A statement of cash flows for May, 2009, would report net cash flows from operating
activities of:
A. $60,000
B. $16,200
C. $23,200
D. $20,000
$60,000-36,800 = $23,200
AACSB: Analytic

Astoria Co. had the following transactions during the month of August, 2010:
* Cash received from bank loans was $20,000.
* Dividends of $9,500 were paid to shareholders in cash.
* Revenues earned and received in cash amounted to $33,500
* Expenses incurred and paid were $26,000
108. Refer to the above data. What amount of profit will be reported on an income statement
for the month of August, 2010?
A. $20,000.
B. $7,500.
C. $0.
D. $33,500.
33,500 - 26,000 = 7,500
AACSB: Analytic

2-76
109. Refer to the above data. At the beginning of August, 2010, equity in Astoria was
$160,000. Given the transactions of August, 2010, what will equity be at the end of the
month?
A. $167,500.
B. $150,500.
C. $193,500.
D. $158,000.
160,000 + 7,500[Profit] - 9,500[Dividends] = 158,000
AACSB: Analytic

110. Refer to the above data. For the month of August, 2010, net cash flows from operating
activities for Astoria were:
A. $33,500.
B. $7,500.
C. $20,000.
D. $26,000.
33,500 - 26,000 = 7,500
AACSB: Analytic

2-77
111. The major provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 include all of the following
except:
A. The creation of a new agency to over see the public accounting profession.
B. Restrictions on the types of consulting services that accounting firms can provide to audit
clients.
C. Reducing responsibility for audit committees when overseeing the financial reporting
process.
D. Requiring the chief executive office and the chief financial officer to certify the accuracy
of their company's financial statements.
AACSB: Ethics
AICPA BB: Legal
AICPA FN: Reporting

112. According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, CEOs and CFOs must certify to the accuracy of
their company's financial statements
A. Monthly and Quarterly
B. Quarterly and Annually
C. Monthly and Annually
D. CEOs and CFOs are not required to certify to the company's financial statement; only
CPA's do.
AACSB: Ethics
AICPA BB: Legal
AICPA FN: Reporting

Essay Questions

2-78
113. Accounting terminology
Listed below are nine technical accounting terms introduced in this chapter:
Assets Accounting equation Inflation

Balance Sheet Liabilities Going concern assumption
Cost principle Equity Liquidity
Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these technical terms. In
the space provided below each statement, indicate the accounting term described, or answer
"None" if the statement does not correctly describe any of the terms. Do not use a term more
than once.
(A.) Having the financial ability to pay debts as they become due.
(B.) An assumption that a business will operate in the foreseeable future.
(C.) Economic resources owned by businesses that are expected to benefit future operations.
(D.) The debts or obligations of a business organization.
(E.) Assets - Liabilities = Equity
(F.) The principle which states that assets are valued in the balance sheet at their historical
cost.
(G.) A residual amount equal to assets minus liabilities.
(A.) Liquidity; (B.) Going concern assumption; (C.) Assets; (D.) Liabilities; (E.) Accounting
equation; (F.) Cost principle; (G.) Equity

Learning Objective: 1 - 4

2-79
114. Accounting equation
(A.) During the current year, the assets of Duffy Stationery increased by $650,000, and the
liabilities decreased by $340,000. What was the change in equity during the year?
(B.) The equity of Graham Interiors appears on the balance sheet as $720,000 and is equal to
one-fourth of total assets. Compute the amount of total liabilities.
(C.) At the end of 2009 the equity in Scott Mfg. amounted to $845,000. During 2009, the
assets of the business increased by $515,000, and the liabilities increased by $205,000. The
equity at the beginning of 2009 was how much?
(A.) Change in equity = $650,000 + $340,000 = $990,000 increase

(B.) Total assets = four times $720,000 = $2,880,000
Total liabilities = $2,880,000 assets - $720,000 equity = $2,160,000
(C.) Change in equity = $515,000 - $205,000 = $310,000 increase
Beginning equity = $845,000 ending balance - $310,000 increase = $535,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-80

Some of the transactions carried out by Tudor Wholesale during the first month of the
company's existence are listed below. You are to determine the effect of each transaction on
the total assets, the total liabilities, and the equity. Prepare your answer in columnar form,
identifying each transaction by letter and using the symbols (+) for increase, (-) for decrease,
and (NC) for no change. An answer is provided for the first transaction to serve as an
example.


Liabilities
B. Bought land and a building at a total price
the balance.
C. Bough adjoining lot for use as parking lot;
paid cash in full
D. Sold a portion of the land on credit at a
E. Obtained a loan from a bank
F. Purchased office equipment on credit.
G. Paid a liability.
H. Collected part of amount owned to the
I. Sold another portion of the land for cash at
2-81

Liabilities
B. Bought land and a building at a total price + + NC
the balance.
C. Bough adjoining lot for use as parking lot; NC NC NC
paid cash in full
D. Sold a portion of the land on credit at a NC NC NC
E. Obtained a loan from a bank + + NC
F. Purchased office equipment on credit. + + NC
G. Paid a liability. - - NC
H. Collected part of amount owned to the NC NC NC
I. Sold another portion of the land for cash at + NC +
2-82
AACSB: Analytic

Some of the transactions carried out by Tsang Company during the first month of the
company's existence are listed below. You are to determine the dollar effect of each
transaction on the total assets, the total liabilities, and the equity of Tsang Company. Use the
symbols (+) for increase, (?) (-) for decrease, and (NC) for no change. An answer is provided
for the first transaction to serve as an example.

Liabilities
the business
B.Purchased a computer for the business for
$5,000 cash.
C. Borrowed $200,000 from the bank.
D. Purchased office furnishings at a total
E. Paid $1,800 of the balance due on the
office furnishings.
F. Sold an extra monitor that had cost $250
for $300 on credit.
G. Collected $150 of amount receivable from
H. Bought a small truck to be used in the

2-83


Liabilities
the business
B.Purchased a computer for the business for NC NC NC
$5,000 cash.
C. Borrowed $200,000 from the bank. +$20,000 +$20,000 NC
D. Purchased office furnishings at a total +$3,600 +$3,600 NC
E. Paid $1,800 of the balance due on the -$1,800 -$1,800 NC
office furnishings.
F. Sold an extra monitor that had cost $250 +$50 NC +$50
for $300 on credit.
G. Collected $150 of amount receivable from NC NC NC
H. Bought a small truck to be used in the NC NC NC
2-84
AACSB: Analytic

On April 30, 2009, the balance sheet of China Collectibles showed total assets of $700,000,
May of 2009:
(1) Share capital was issued in exchange for $165,000 cash.
(2) The business purchased equipment for $360,000, paying $160,000 cash and issuing a note
payable for $200,000.
(3) The business paid off $70,000 of its accounts payable.
(4) The business collected $54,000 of its accounts receivable.
Compute the following as of May 31, 2009:
(A.) Total assets $___________
(B.) Total liabilities $___________
(C.) Equity $___________
2-85
(A.) Total assets: $700,000 + $165,000 + $360,000 - $160,000 - $70,000 + $54,000 - $54,000
= $995,000
(B.) Total liabilities: $400,000 + $200,000 - $70,000 = $530,000
(C.) Equity: $300,000 + $165,000 = $465,000
AACSB: Analytic


The December 31, 2009, balance sheet of Charles Realty reported total assets of $900,000,
January of 2010:
(1) The business purchased land for $250,000, paying $100,000 cash and issuing a note
(2) The business collected accounts receivable totaling $45,000.
(3) The business sold one-fifth of the land (which had cost $50,000) land costing $50,000 for
$60,000 cash.
(4) The business paid off $50,000 of the note payable.
Compute the following at January 31, 2010:
(A.) Total assets$__________
(B.) Total liabilities$__________
(C.) Equity$__________
(A.) Total assets: $900,000 + $250,000 - $100,000 + $45,000 - $45,000 - $50,000 + $60,000 -
$50,000 = $1,010,000
(B.) Total liabilities: $350,000 + $150,000 - $50,000 = $450,000
(C.) Equity: $550,000 + $10,000 = $560,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-86
119. Preparation of balance sheet

Prepare the balance sheet as of December 31, 2009, for Gamma Company, from the following
list of items which are arranged in random order. You must compute the amount for accounts
payable to complete the balance sheet.

Accounts Payable $? Land $260,000

Land $41,600 Notes Payable $377,000
Building $533,000 Accounts receivable $18,750
Share capital $494,000 Cash $19,760

GAMMA Company
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2009

Buildings 533,000 Notes Payable $377,000
Office Equipment 41,600 Accounts Payable 80,860
Accounts receivable 97,500 Total Liabilities $457,860
______ Share Capital 494,000
Total Liabilities and
Total Assets $951,860 shareholders’ equity $951,860

AACSB: Analytic

2-87
120. Preparation of balance sheet after a series of transactions

The balance sheet was as follows for Custom Ceramics on February 1, 2010:

Custom Ceramics
Balance Sheet
February 1, 2010
Land 80,000 Liabilities:
Buildings 50,000 Notes payable $40,000
Office Equipment 30,000 Accounts payable 6,000
Cash $7,000 Shareholders’ equity
Retained earnings 26,200 $126,200
Total liabilities

During the first week of February, the following transactions occurred:
* The business used cash to pay off $5,000 of its accounts payable. (No payment was made on
the notes payable.)
* Additional share capital was issued to Joan Custom for $15,000 cash.
* Equipment was purchased on credit for $1,800
* The business collected $4,000 cash from accounts receivable.
Complete the balance sheet for Custom Ceramics as of February 8, 2010.

Custom Ceramics
Balance Sheet
February 8, 2010
Land Liabilities:
Buildings Notes payable $
Office Equipment Accounts payable
Accounts receivable Total liabilities $
Cash Shareholders’ equity
______ Share capital
Retained earnings $
Total liabilities
Total assets $_____ Shareholders’ equity $______
2-88

Custom Ceramics
Balance Sheet
February 8, 2010
Land $80,000 a Liabilities:
Buildings 50,000 b Notes payable $40,000
Office Equipment 31,800 Accounts payable 2,800d
Retained earnings 26,200 $141,200c
Total liabilities
Feedback: (A.) $7,000 + $4,000 + $15,000 - $5,000 = $21,000

(B.) $5,200 - $4,000 collected = $1,200
(C.) $30,000 + $1,800 = $31,800
(D.) $6,000 + $1,800 (equipment purchase) -$5,000 paid = $2,800
(E.) $126,200 + $15,000 (additional investment) = $141,200
AACSB: Analytic

2-89
121. Completion of Balance Sheet

Use the following information to complete the balance sheet of Adelphi Construction as of
December 31, 2010.
(1) The company was organized on January 1, 2010, and has operated for the full year 2010.
(2) Earnings have amounted to $275,000, and dividends of $70,000 have been paid to
shareholders.
(3) Cash and accounts receivable together amount to one and one-half times as much as notes
payable.

Balance Sheet
December 31, 2010
Buildings 250,000 Notes payable $
Equipment 96,000 Accounts payable
Cash Total liabilities $215,000
______ Share capital $
Retained earnings $______
Total liabilities
Total assets $ Shareholders’ equity $620,000

2-90

Balance Sheet
December 31, 2010
Land $ 184,000 b Liabilities:
Buildings 250,000 Notes payable $ 60,000c
Equipment 96,000 Accounts payable 115,000d
Cash 5,000 Total liabilities $215,000
Share capital $200,000f
Retained earnings 205,000e $405,000
Total liabilities
Total assets $ 620,000 a Shareholders’ equity $620,000
Feedback: (A.) Total assets must be $620,000 to agree with the total of liabilities plus equity.
(B.) Cash must be $5,000 to achieve a total asset figure of $620,000.
(C.) Cash ($5,000) plus accounts receivable ($85,000) equals $90,000. This total is stated to
be 1.5 times the amount of notes payable. Notes payable is computed as $90,000 divided by
1.5, or $60,000.
(D.) Accounts payable must be $115,000 to achieve total liabilities figure of $215,000.
(E.) Retained earnings at the end of the first accounting period must be earnings ($275,000)
less dividends ($70,000) or $205,000.
(F.) Share capital must be $200,000 to achieve total liabilities and equity figure of $620,000.
AACSB: Analytic

2-91
122. Completion of balance sheet

Use the following information to complete the December 31, 2009, balance sheet of Copper Supplies Company.
(1) Equity as of January 1, 2009, totaled $175,000, which included share capital of $150,000.
(2) Additional capital stock was issued during 2009 in exchange for $40,000 cash.
(3) Profit for 2009 amounted to $200,000; no dividends were paid during 2009.
(4) Cash and accounts receivable together amount to 3 times as much as accounts payable.

Balance Sheet
December 31, 2009
Buildings 300,000 Accounts payable $40,000
Equipment ? Notes payable ?
Accounts receivable ? Total liabilities $ ?
Share capital $
Retained earnings $______?
Total liabilities
Total assets $ 620,000 Shareholders’ equity $_______?
2-92

Balance Sheet
December 31, 2009
Buildings 300,000 b Accounts payable $40,000
Equipment 200,000 Notes payable 380,000g
Accounts receivable 90,000 Total liabilities $420,000f
Cash 30,000 c Shareholders’ equity
Share capital $ 190,000 d
Retained earnings 225,000 e $415,000
Total liabilities
Total assets $ 835,000 Shareholders’ equity $835,000a
Feedback: (A.) Total of liabilities & equity must be $835,000 to agree with the amount of
total assets.
(B.) Cash and accounts receivable together amount to 3 times accounts payable, or $120,000.
Since cash is $30,000, accounts receivable are $120,000 - $30,000, or $90,000.
(C.) Equipment must be $200,000 to achieve total assets of $835,000.
(D.) Beginning share capital is $150,000 + stock issued of $40,000 = $190,000.
(E.) Beginning retained earnings (175,000 - 150,000) + profit of 200,000 = 225,000
(F.) Total liabilities must be $420,000 to achieve the total of liabilities & equity of $835,000.
(G.) Since total liabilities are $420,000 and accounts payable are $40,000, notes payable must
be $380,000.
AACSB: Analytic

2-93

Show the effect of each of the seven listed transactions on the balance sheet items of Distinctive Draperies. Indicate the new
balances after the transaction of May 2 and each subsequent transaction. The effects of the May 1 transaction are already
filled in to provide you with an example.

May 1 Issued share capital for $75,000

2 Purchased a small office building at a price of $58,000 for the land and $65,000 for the building. Paid
$43,000 cash and signed a note payable for the balance.
8 Borrowed $15,000 from the bank. Signed a 60-day note payable for this amount
16 Purchased copying machines, computers, and other office equipment for $19,000. Paid $9,000 cash and
28 Sold an item of office equipment (computer) to a shareholder at its cost of $2,800. The shareholder paid
$800 cash and promised to pay the balance within 30 days.
30 Paid $5,000 on the liability for the office equipment.
31 Collected $500 from the shareholder who had bought the computer.

Equity
May 1 +$75,000 +$75,000
2
Balance
8
Balance
16
Balance
28
Balance
30
Balance
31
Balance
2-94
Assets = Liabilitie + Shareholders’

s Equity
May 1 +$75,000 +$75,000
2 -43,000 + +$65,000 +$80,000
$58,000
Balance $32,000 $58,000 $65,000 $80,000 $75,000
8 +15,000 +$15,000
Balance $47,000 $58,000 $65,000 $95,000 $75,000
16 -9,000 +$19,000 +10,000
Balance $38,000 $58,000 $65,000 $19,000 $105,000 $75,000
28 +800 + $2,000 -$2,800
Balance $38,800 $,000 $58,000 $65,000 $16,200 $105,000 $75,000
30 - 5,000 - 5,000
Balance $33,800 $2,000 $58,000 $65,000 $16,200 $100,000 $75,000
31 +500 -500
Balance $34,300 $1,500 $58,000 $65,000 $16,200 $100,000 $75,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-95

Show the effect of each of the seven listed transactions on the balance sheet items of Renaissance
Investment Services Limited Indicate the new balances after the transaction of November 2 and each
subsequent transaction. The effects of the November 1 transaction are already filled in to provide you
with an example.

Nov 1 Issued share capital for $200,000
2 Purchased a small office building at a price of $86,000 for the land and $74,000 for the building. Made
a cash payment of 20% of the total price and signed a note payable for the balance.
7 Purchased telephones, computers, and other office equipment for $58,000. Paid $23,000 cash and
12 Sold one of the comptuers to a shareholder at its cost of $3,500. The shareholder paid $500 cash and
agreed to pay the balance within 10 days.
22 Received $3,000 due from the shareholder who had purchased the computer.
30 Paid $17,500 on the note payable for the office equipment.

Equity
May 1 +$200,000 +$200,000
2
Balance
7
Balance
12
Balance
22
Balance
30
Balance
2-96


Equity
Cash + Accounts + Land + Building + Office = Notes + Share
Receivabl Equipment Payable Capital
e
May 1 +$200,000 +$200,000
2 -32,000 +$86,000 +$74,000 +$128,000
Balance $168,000 $86,000 $74,000 $128,000 $200,000
7 -23,000 +$58,000 +$35,000
Balance $145,000 $86,000 $74,000 $58,000 $163,000 $200,000
12 +500 +$3,000 -3,500
Balance $145,500 3,000 $86,000 $74,000 $54,500 $163,000 $200,000
22 +3,000 - $3,000
Balance $148,500 $86,000 $74,000 $54,500 $163,000 $200,000
30 - 17,500 - 17,500
Balance $131,000 $86,000 $74,000 $54,500 $145,500 $200,000
AACSB: Analytic

2-97
125. An inexperienced accounting intern at Tasso Company prepared the following income
statement for the month of July, 2009:

Tasso Company
Month of July, 2009
Revenues:
Share Capital 12,500
Loan from bank 37,500 $75,000
Expenses:
Payments to long-term creditors $20,000
Customers 18,750
Purchase of equipment 10,000 48,750
Instructions: Prepare a revised income statement in accordance with generally accepted

accounting principles.

Tasso Company
Month of July, 2009
Revenues:
Expenses:
Customers 18,750
AACSB: Analytic
AICPA FN: Reporting

2-98
126. List the following accounts in the order that they would appear on a balance sheet
Share capital
Equipment
Accounts Receivable
Retained Earnings
Revenue
Accounts Payable
Cash
Rent Expense
Cash
Accounts Receivable
Equipment
Accounts Payable
Share Capital
Retained Earnings
AACSB: Analytic
AICPA FN: Reporting

2-99
127. From the following accounts and amounts prepare a balance sheet for the Swell
Company for December 31, 2010. You must compute the amount for retained earnings to
complete the balance sheet.

Accounts Payable $61,250

Accounts Receivable $70,500
Building $50,000
Share Capital $50,000
Cash $64,000
Equipment $30,000
Insurance Expense $5,000
Land $125,000
Notes Payable $175,000
Sales Revenue $25,000
Salaries Expense $20,000

Swell Company
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2010
Equipment 30,000 b Notes payable $175,000
Buildings 50,000 Accounts payable 61,250
Accounts receivable 70,500 Total liabilities $236,250
Cash 64,000 c Shareholders’ equity
Share capital $50,000
Retained earnings 53,250
Total liabilities
Total assets $ 339,500 Shareholders’ equity $339,500
AACSB: Analytic
AICPA FN: Reporting

2-100
128. Financial statements
A set of financial statements for a company includes three related accounting reports, or
statements. In the space provided, list the names of three primary statements, and give a brief
description of the accounting information contained in each.
* Balance sheet. A report showing at a specific date the financial position of the company by
reporting the assets (resources) that it owns, the liabilities (debts) that it owes, and the amount
of the equity in the business.
* Income statement. A report indicating the profitability (or profit) of the business over a
specific time period.
* Statement of cash flows. A report summarizing the cash receipts and cash payments of the
business over the same time period covered by the income statement.

AICPA FN: Reporting
Learning Objective: 1 - 6

129. Development of generally accepted accounting principles

(A.) What is meant by the phrase "generally accepted accounting principles?"
(B.) Give the names of three organizations that currently play an active role in the
development of accounting principles in the United States.
(A.) Generally accepted accounting principles are the concepts, standards, or ground rules
used in the preparation of financial statements.
(B.) Student may list any three of the following:
* Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
* American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)
* Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
* American Accounting Association (AAA)
AACSB: Ethics
AICPA FN: Reporting

2-101
130. Valuation of assets under generally accepted accounting principles

Under generally accepted accounting principles, the assets owned by a business are reported
in the balance sheet at their historical cost. Identify and briefly explain two accounting
principles other than the cost principle that support the valuation of assets at cost in the
balance sheet.
Student may choose any two of the following:

* Going-concern assumption. An assumption by accountants that a business will operate
indefinitely unless specific evidence to the contrary exists, such as impending bankruptcy.
Since assets of the business were acquired for use and not for resale, estimated current market
prices or appraisal values are of less importance than if these items were intended for sale.
* Objectivity principle. Accounting measurements should be based upon dollar amounts that
are factual and subject to independent verification. Historical cost of assets is objective;
estimated market values or appraisals change over time and are not factual or objective.
* Stable-dollar assumption. An assumption by accountants that the dollar is a stable unit of
measure. This assumption permits reporting assets at cost, even though individual assets may
have been acquired in different years.


2-102
131. Forms of Business Organization

State and describe the three most common forms of business organizations in the United
States.
(1) Sole Proprietorship

* One person
* Unlimited liability
* Owner acts as manager
(2) Partnership
* Two or more persons
* Owners are personally responsible for debts
(3) Corporation
* Shareholders are owners
* Limited liability
* Ease of transfer of ownership
* Separate entity under the law

AICPA BB: Legal
AICPA FN: Reporting
2-103

CHAPTER 2 NAME #
10-MINUTE QUIZ A SECTION
Indicate the best answer for each question in the space provided.
1 The financial statements of a business entity:

a Include the balance sheet, income statement, and income tax return.
b Provide information about the profitability and financial position of the
company.
c Are the first step in the accounting process.
d Are prepared for a fee by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
2 A balance sheet is designed to show the financial position of an entity:

a At a single point in time.
b Over a period of time such as a year or quarter.
c At December 31 of the current year.
d At January 1 of the coming year.
3 Accounts payable and notes payable are:

a Always less than the amount of cash a business owns.
b Creditors.
c Written promises to pay a certain amount, plus interest, at a definite future
date.
d Liabilities.
4 The balance sheet of Dotty Designs includes the following items:
Accounts Receivable Cash

Share Capital Accounts Payable
Equipment Supplies
Notes Payable Notes Receivable
This list includes:

a Four assets and three liabilities.
b Five assets and three liabilities.
c Five assets and two liabilities.
d Six assets and two liabilities.
5 An accounting entity may best be described as:

a An individual.
b A particular economic unit.
c A publicly owned corporation.
d Any corporation, regardless of size.
2-104
CHAPTER 2 NAME #
10-MINUTE QUIZ B SECTION
Presented below is the balance sheet for Sabino Family Dentistry on January 1 of the current year.
SABINO FAMILY DENTISTRY

Balance Sheet
January 1, 20__

Cash .................................. $ 33,000 Liabilities:
Accounts receivable............ 51,150 Accounts payable ................................... $ 74,250
Land .................................. 313,500 Total liabilities..................................... $ 74,250
Building.............................. 371,250 Equity:
Equipment........................... 57,750 Share capital........................................ 752,400
Total liabilities and
Total assets......................... $826,650 equity........................................................ $826,250
During the first few days of January, the following transactions occurred:
Jan 1 The business borrowed $99,000 from the bank, giving a note payable due in 90 days.
3 Additional share capital was issued in exchange for $44,550 cash.
3 Equipment was purchased for $62,700 on credit.
5 The business collected $26,400 of its accounts receivable and paid off $37,950 of its
accounts payable.
Indicate your answer to each of the following questions in the space provided.
1 On January 6, total assets of the business amount to:

a $826,650. b $994,950 c $957,000. d $950,400.
2 On January 6, equity amounts to:

a $752,400. b $44,550. c $796,950. d $895,950.
3 On January 6, the accounts payable balance is:

a $136,950. b $36,300. c $24,750. d $99,000.
4 On January 6, the accounts receivable balance is:

a $24,750. b $38,775. c $77,550. d $63,525.
5 On January 6, the cash balance is:

a $127,050. b $138,600. c $165,000. d $202,950
2-105
CHAPTER 2 NAME #
10-MINUTE QUIZ C SECTION
Presented below is the balance sheet for Manhattan Family Dentistry on January 1 of the current year.
MANHATTAN FAMILY DENTISTRY

Balance Sheet
January 1, 20__

Cash .................................. $ 20,000 Liabilities:
Accounts receivable............ 31,000 Accounts payable ................................... $ 45,000
Land .................................. 190,000 Total liabilities..................................... $ 45,000
Building.............................. 225,000 Equity:
Equipment........................... 35,000 Share capital........................................ 456,000
During the first few days of January, the following transactions occurred:
Jan 2 Equipment was purchased for $38,000 on credit.

2 The business collected $16,000 of its accounts receivable and paid off $23,000 of its
accounts payable.
3 The business borrowed $60,000 from the bank, giving a note payable due in 90 days.
3 Additional share capital was issued in exchange for $27,000 cash.
Complete the following balance sheet for Manhattan Family Dentistry on January 4 of the current
year.

Balance Sheet
January 4, 20__
Assets Liabilities & Equity

Cash .....................$ Liabilities:
Accounts receivable........... Notes payable ..........................$
Land ................................. Accounts payable.................................
Building............................. Total liabilities......................$
Equipment.......................... Equity:
Capital stock.....................................
Total assets............$ equity.....................................................$
2-106
CHAPTER 2 NAME #
10-MINUTE QUIZ D SECTION
Complete the January 31, 20__, balance sheet of Countrywide Legal Services using the following
information.
(1) Shareholders’ equity at January 1, 20__, included share capital of $140,000.

(2) The land and building were purchased by the business for a total price of $200,000 on January
25, 20__, from a company forced out of business. On January 31, an appraiser valued the
property at $260,000.
(3) Additional capital stock was issued in exchange for $50,000 cash.
(4) Retained earnings at January 31, 20___, amounted to $49,400.
COUNTRYWIDE LEGAL SERVICES

Balance Sheet
January 31, 20__
Assets Liabilities & Owners’ Equity
Land.............................. $ Liabilities:
135,000
Building........................ Notes payable......................................... $
Equipment..................... 35,000 Accounts payable.................................... 45,600
Accounts receivable...... Total liabilities..................................... $
Cash.............................. 90,000 Equity:
Share Capital................... $
Retained earnings............ _______
_______ Total liabilities and
Total assets.................... $ equity...................................................... $375,000
2-107
CHAPTER 2 SELF-TEST QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK
Note: In order to review as many chapter concepts as possible, some self-test questions
include more than one correct answer. In these cases, you should indicate all of the correct
answers.
1 A set of financial statements:

a Is intended to assist users in evaluating the financial position, profitability,
and future prospects of an entity.
b Is intended to assist the tax authority in determining the amount of income
taxes owed by a business organization.
c Includes notes disclosing information necessary for the proper interpretation
of the statements.
d Is intended to assist investors and creditors in making decisions involving the
allocation of economic resources.
2 Which of the following statements is not consistent with generally accepted

accounting principles relating to asset valuation?
a Many assets are originally recorded in accounting records at their cost to the
business entity.
b Subtracting total liabilities from total assets indicates what the owner’s equity
in the business is worth under current market conditions.
c Accountants assume that assets such as office supplies, land, and buildings
will be used in business operations, rather than being sold at current market
prices.
d Accountants prefer to base the valuation of assets upon objective, verifiable
evidence rather than upon appraisals or personal opinion.
3 Waterworld Boat Shop purchased a truck for $12,000, making a down payment of
$5,000 cash, and signing a $7,000 note payable due in 60 days. As a result of this
transaction:
a Total assets increased by $12,000.
b Total liabilities increased by $7,000.
c From the viewpoint of a short-term creditor, this transaction makes the
business more solvent.
d This transaction had no immediate effect upon the owner’s equity in the
business.
4 A transaction caused a $15,000 decrease in both total assets and total liabilities.
This transaction could have been:
a Purchase of a delivery truck for $15,000 cash.
b An asset with a cost of $15,000 was destroyed by fire.
c Repayment of a $15,000 bank loan.
d Collection of a $15,000 account receivable.
2-108
5 Which of the following is (are) correct about a company’s balance sheet?

a It displays sources and uses of cash for the period.
b It is an expansion of the basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities +
Equity.
c It is sometimes referred to as a statement of financial position.
d It is unnecessary if both an income statement and statement of cash flows are
available.
6 Which of the following would you expect to find in a correctly-prepared income

statement?
a Cash balance at the end of the period.
b Revenues earned during the period.
c Contributions by the owner during the period.
d Expenses incurred during the period to earn revenues.
7 What information would you find in a statement of cash flows that you would not be
able to get from the other two primary financial statements?
a Cash provided by or used in financing activities.
b Cash balance at the end of the period.
c Total liabilities due to creditors at the end of the period.
d Profit.
8 Which of the following statements relating to the role of professional judgment in

the financial reporting process are valid?
a Different accountants may evaluate similar situations differently.
b The determination of which items should be disclosed in notes to financial
statements requires professional judgment.
c Once a complete list of generally accepted accounting principles is prepared,
judgment need no longer enter into the financial reporting process.
d The possibility always exists that professional judgment later may prove to
have been incorrect.
2-109
SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER 2 10-MINUTE QUIZZES
QUIZ A QUIZ B
1 B 1 B
2 A 2 C
3 D 3 D
4 C 4 A
5 B 5 C
Learning Objective: Learning Objective:
2, 4, 5, 6 3, 4
QUIZ C
Balance Sheet
January 4, 20__

Cash .................................. $ 100,000a Liabilities:
Accounts receivable............ 15,000b Notes payable ........................................ $ 60,000
Land .................................. 190,000 Accounts payable.................................... 60,000e
Building.............................. 225,000 Total liabilities..................................... $ 120,000
Equipment........................... 73,000c Equity:
_________ Share capital........................................... 483,000d
Computations
a $20,000 + $16,000 (A/R collected) - $23,000 (paid on A/P) + $60,000 (borrowed) + $27,000
(invested) = $100,000
b $31,000 - $16,000 collected = $15,000
c $35,000 + $38,000 (equipment purchased) = $73,000
d $456,000 + $27,000 additional investment = $483,000
e A/P $45,000 + $38,000 - $23,000 (paid) = $60,000
2-110
QUIZ D
COUNTRYWIDE LEGAL SERVICES

Balance Sheet
January 31, 20__
Land.............................. $ Liabilities:
135,000
Building........................ 65,000b Notes payable......................................... $ 90,000f
Equipment..................... 35,000 Accounts payable.................................... 45,600
Accounts receivable...... 50,000c Total liabilities..................................... $135,600
Cash.............................. 90,000 Equity:
Share Capital................... $190,000d
Retained earnings............ 49,400 $239,400
_______ Total liabilities and
Total assets.................... $375,000a equity...................................................... $375,000
Computations
a Total assets must be equal to total liabilities & equity of $375,000.

b $200,000 (cost of land and building) less $135,000 for land = $65,000 for building. (Appraised
value of property ignored.)
c Accounts receivable must be $50,000 to achieve total assets of $375,000.
d $140,000 (share capital at January 1) plus $50,000 (additional investment).
e Total liabilities must be $135,600 to achieve total liabilities & equity of $375,000.
f Notes payable must be $90,000 to achieve total liabilities of $135,600.
SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER 2 SELF-TEST QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK
1. a, c, d 2. b 3. b, d 4. c 5. b, c 6. b, d 7. a 8. a, b, d
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Chapter 02 - Basic Financial Statements

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Chapter 02 - Basic Financial Statements

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Chapter 02 - Basic Financial Statements

True / False Questions

5. A profit results from having more revenues than liabilities.

10. Total assets always equal total liabilities plus total equity.

13. Total assets plus total liabilities equals total equity.

19. The collection of an account receivable will cause total assets to decrease.

20. The payment of a liability causes an increase in equity.

28. According to Sarbanes-Oxley, internal controls must be audited by the same accounting

Multiple Choice Questions

31. Which of the following best describes liquidity?

32. Profitability may be defined as:

33. The principle of adequate disclosure means that a company should disclose:

35. Equity in a business increases as a result of which of the following?

36. Equity in a business decreases as a result of which of the following?

38. Which of the following is the primary objective of financial statements?

39. Which of the following is descriptive of the proper form of a balance sheet?

40. A balance sheet is designed to show:

41. The way in which financial statements relate is known as:

43. Which of the following best defines an asset?

44. To appear in a balance sheet of a business entity, an asset need not:

46. A balance sheet:

49. If a company purchases equipment for $65,000 by issuing a note payable:

50. The valuation of assets in the balance sheet is based primarily upon:

55. If cash flows from operating activities is a negative amount:

60. The amount of equity in a business is not affected by:

61. Decreases in equity are caused by:

62. Which of the following transactions would cause a change in equity?

63. An expense is best defined as:

65. The payment of a business debt not including interest:

70. Retained earnings is:

71. A revenue transaction results in all of the following except:

72. If a company has a profit:

75. Share capital represents:

77. Retained earnings appears on:

79. The concept of adequate disclosure means that:

80. If cash increases during a year, it must mean that:

Accounts Payable $16,000 Accounts Receivable $400,000

Accounts Payable $12,000 Accounts Receivable $30,000

Accounts Payable $2,500 Accounts Receivable $18,750

Assets Accounting equation Inflation

115. Effects of transactions on elements of the accounting equation

Transactions Assets Total Equity

116. Effects of transactions on elements of the accounting equation

Transactions Assets Total Equity

117. Computation of assets, liabilities, and equity after a series of transactions

118. Computation of assets, liabilities, and equity after a series of transactions

119. Preparation of balance sheet

Accounts Payable $? Land $260,000

120. Preparation of balance sheet after a series of transactions

122. Completion of balance sheet

Copper Supplies Company

123. Effects of transactions on balance sheet items

Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders’

124. Effects of transactions on balance sheet items

Nov 1 Issued share capital for $200,000

Instructions: Prepare a revised income statement in accordance with generally accepted

Accounts Payable $61,250

129. Development of generally accepted accounting principles

130. Valuation of assets under generally accepted accounting principles

131. Forms of Business Organization